the greatest invention lord dunsany lesson seven

The Greatest InventionThe Greatest Invention

Lord Dunsany

Lesson Seven

Part One: Warm-up

Part Two: Background InformationPart Three:

Text Appreciation (Key Points)

Part Four: Language Study (Difficult Points)

Part Five: Resource Extension

Lesson Seven

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Lesson 7 The Greatest Invention

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Part one Part one Warm-upWarm-up

Discussion On Science


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ScienceScience

• What is science?

• What do you think is the greatest

invention?


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ScienceScience

• Science is an imaginative adventure of the mind seeking truth in a world of mystery.

—Sir Cyril Hinshelwood English chemist. Nobel prize 1956

• Science is the desire to know causes. —William Hazlitt English essayist

• Science is a great game. It is inspiring and refreshing. The playing field is the universe itself.

—Isidor Isaac Rabi U.S. physicist Nobel prize 1944

Quotes:


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ScienceScience

• What do you think is the image of a

scientist? What is the driving force of

the scientists to do their research?

• Is science only for science itself?

• What does science benefit us?

• Will science do any harm to human

being?


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ScienceScience

Science is a wonderful thing if one doesn’t have to earn one’s living at it.

—Albert Einstein

The most exciting phrase to hear in science, the one that heralds new discoveries, is not “Eureka!” (“I found it!”) but rather, “hmm... that’s funny…”

—Isaac Asimov No science is immune to the infection of politics and the corruption of power. —Jacob Bronowski

Quotes:


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I. Author

II. Fantasy and Fable

III. The Caribbean

Part two Part two Background InformationBackground Information


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His writings:

The work of Lord Dunsany must be the foundation of any good library of fantasy and science fiction. His most notable fantasy short stories include:The Gods of Pegana, The Book of Wonder, The Man Who Ate the Phoenix etc.His significance within the genre of fantasy writing is considerable.

I. Author I. Author


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Lord Dunsany (July 24, 1878—October 25, 1957) was an Irish writer and dramatist. His full name was Edward John Moreton Drax Plunkett, 18th Baron Dunsany.

I. AI. Authoruthor


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Quote of the author:

Logic, like whiskey, loses its beneficial effect Logic, like whiskey, loses its beneficial effect

when taken in too large quantities.when taken in too large quantities.

I. AuthorI. Author


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I. AuthorI. Author

The Book of Wonder

At the Edge of the World

The Fourth Book of Jorkens

Books of the author


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II. Fantasy and FableII. Fantasy and Fable

Fantasy

It is a situation imagined

by an individual or group,

which does not correspond

with reality but expresses

certain desires or aims of

its creator.


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Fantasy


Fantasies typically involve situations

which are impossible (such as the

existence of magic powers) or highly

unlikely (such as world peace).

In literature fantasy is a form of fiction,

usually novels or short stories.


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As a genre, fantasy is both associated and

contrasted with science fiction and horror

fiction.

“Fantasy” seems reserved for fiction that

features magic, brave knights, damsels in

distress, mythical beasts, and quests.

Fantasy



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Fable


A fable is a short story or folk tale with a moral at the end. It often, but not necessarily, makes metaphorical use of an animal as its central character. In some cases usage of the term has been extended to include stories with mythical or legendary elements. An author of fables is a fabulist.


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Notable fabulists:

Aesop Berechiah ha-Nakdan

Jean de La Fontaine

Ivan Krylov Marie de France

Fable


Stone Soup The Little Engine

That Could Jonathan Livingston

Seagull Watership Down

The Lion King

Notable fables:


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Modern fable


Features:

fabled characters of more modern archetypes

using familiar characters in an unfamiliar setting

introduce people’s characters in modern life

updated message with contemporary circumstance and plot line


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III. The CaribbeanIII. The Caribbean The Caribbean or the West Indies is a group of islands in the Caribbean Sea. These islands curve southward from the bottom tip of Florida to the Northwest of Venezuela in South America. There are at least 7,000 islands, islets, reefs and caves in the region. The name “West Indies” originates from Christopher Columbus’ idea that he had landed in India when he had in fact reached the Americas. The Caribbean consists of the Antilles and the Bahamas and is part of North America.


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IV. Germ WarfareIV. Germ Warfare

__

__

Germ is an informal term for a disease-causing organism, particularly bacteria.

Biological warfare, also known as germ warfare, is the use of any organism (bacteria, virus or other disease-causing organism) or toxin found in nature, as a weapon of war. It is meant to incapacitate or kill an adversary.

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Part three Part three Text AppreciationText Appreciation

I. Text Analysis

1. General Analysis

2. Structure of the Text

3. Further Discussion

II. Sentence Paraphrase

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Genre of the story

Plot of the story

Setting of the story

Protagonists of the story

Theme of the story

I. Text AnalysisI. Text Analysis

General Analysis

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Genre: modern fable

Plot: the development of the conflict between a

scientist driven by his scientific curiosity

and the government which wants to force

the scientist to serve their political purpose

Setting: Caribbean area

Protagonists: the man in the Ministry of Warfare

and the scientist


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Through the story, the author makes us think about the purpose of science and the driving force of scientific development.

Theme:

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Part 1 (Paras. 1— ):

Part 2 (Paras. ):

Part 3 (Para. ):


Structure of the Text

4

5—44

45

the story itself

the concluding paragraph

Why did Jorkens tell the story?

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Question: “Happen” to what? What were people talking about? Who were they?

They might be the members of the club. They were talking about the world affairs. They were asking what was going to happen in the world.

“ What do you think is going to happen, Jorkens?”

In Para. 1

Further Discussion

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“ Now that a man can carry in a bag a bomb that is more powerful than several battleships, it is hard to find out what any country can do or will do next.”

Question: How do you understand the sentence?

Nowadays, terrible weapons could be easily produced due to new technology, so the threat to the safety of the people in the world is only too real. No one can easily predicts what the other country will do and what will happen to their own country.

In Para. 4

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“ War is no long a matter of armies; it depends on the intelligence of scientists.”

In Para. 6

Question: How did the man understand “war”?

The man believed that modern wars didn’t depend on how big an army one country had, but on high technology which needed the intelligence of scientists.

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“ … but I was in our Ministry of Warfare.”In Para. 10

Question: How do you understand “Ministry of Warfare”?

It is usually called “the Ministry of Defense”. The author coined this name to show the country is a belligerent country.

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“ We relied, and rightly on that man’s wisdom; but we forgot his folly.”

Question: Why did the man say the scientist was foolish?

He cannot understand the scientist’s devotion to science. He thought that it was foolish of the scientist to make some useless inventions.

In Para. 20

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Question: Why did the scientist stop making the germ? Did he care about any political purpose?

Another fancy came into the mind of the scientist. He wouldn’t turn himself from his new fancy although he was appealed, bribed and threatened because he didn’t care about any political interests.

“ I tried everything: threats, appeals to him to think of our ancient glory, even bribes.”

In Para. 23

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Question: How do you understand the sentence?

For the scientist, his purpose of research is for the science itself, not for any political or economic purpose. He believed in pure science and the pure pleasure that science brought to him.

“‘I do not work for use, but for wonder.’”In Para. 38

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The minister is a warlike person who wants to dominate the Caribbean, even the whole world. He would take any kind of means, even terrorism to gain his end.

Question: How do you describe the character of

the man?

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How did they intend to dominate the Caribbean?

Did the scientist agree to work for the government? Did he produce the deadly germ?

What new project attracted the scientist’s attention?

How did the man do to change the mind of the scientist? Did the scientist give up?

What happened in the end?


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II. Sentence Paraphrase II. Sentence Paraphrase 11

I was tired of looking at the tropical sea, so I

went ashore and walked into a tavern to see if

they had any decent wines in that country.

(Para. 5)

to go to the shoreacceptable, good enough

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Why did Jorkens tell the story?

Where did Jorkens meet the man with black mustache?

What did the man do?

What was their Minister’s concept of war? What did they have to do for the new war policy?

How did the man understand modern warfare?

What did he mean by their “just aspirations”?


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When the bottle had been uncorked and the wine poured out, like liquid tropical sunlight, I watched it go down under that black mustache. (Para. 5)

Simile:It suggests that the wine was pretty strong, like hot liquid sunlight.

omission of “had been”

The wine had been poured out.

The bottle was opened and the wine was poured out. The man with black mustache drank it up although it was pretty strong, like hot liquid sunlight.

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II. Sentence Paraphrase II. Sentence Paraphrase 33“ And we had a scientist who, as I have since seen proved, had no rival west of the Atlantic.” (Para. 6)

And we had the very best scientist in Latin American countries as I have seen him proved without rival.

to be the very best

relative pronoun as the object of “seen”

More examples

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1. He was in such a fury as I have never seen.

2. Taiwan is, as you know, an inseparable part of China.

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II. Sentence Paraphrase II. Sentence Paraphrase 44And I had not thought it, for he was not at all what one would regard as the figure of a soldier. (Para. 11)

the kind of person one would expect to see as

a soldier

I had not thought that he had served in the military authority, for his shape of body was not like that of a soldier at all.

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II. Sentence Paraphrase II. Sentence Paraphrase 55“ He thought of war simply as an opportunity for cavalry charges and fine uniforms and glory.” (Para. 12)

beautiful uniforms and impressive appearance

Our minister only regarded war as charges on horseback, beautiful uniforms and impressive appearance.

charges on horseback

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“ Once, if a nation had twelve battleships it was a Great Power, and we could only obey.” (Para. 16)

It refers to the 19th century when colonialists and imperialists pursuedgunboat diplomacy.

Gunboat diplomacy: the use of a threat of show of armed force by a country to support a claim, demand, complaint, etc. against another.

at one time

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But what if we know how to let loose a plague

capable of destroying whole nations? (Para. 16)

to let sb. or sth. free

What would happen if we know how to release a plague that can destroy whole nations?

adjective phrase as modifier

More examples

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1. I think he is a man suitable for the job.

2. Soldiers normally timid don’t fight well.

3. A man so difficult to please must be hard to

work with.

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“ We knew that we had marvelous powers

within our grasp, if only Carasierra could be

kept at his work.” (Para. 18)

If we could keep Carasierra at his work, we

would be able to attain great power.

to force someone to continue to do sth.

to be able to achieve or attain sth.

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“ Always spurred on by a fierce ambition. His

very life was devoted to making inventions.”

(Para. 20)

He was always driven by a strong ambition. He had given his whole life to making inventions.

to urge sb. to try harderused to

emphasize a noun

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“ But nothing would turn him from his project. The splendor of his new inspiration gripped him, and he was like a man drugged.” (Para. 23)

Nothing could divert his attention from his work. The impressive beauty of his new inspiration interested him greatly and he was like a man who had bee drugged.

to divert his attention from

his project

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“ We were so nearly one of the Great Powers

but for a fancy that came to this man’s mind.”

(Para. 24)

If a fancy had not gripped this man, we would

have become one of the Great Powers.

if not for

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“ … he fell then to silent brooding, gazing, as it seemed, into the past at the grip that his country had lost on the Caribbean, perhaps on the world.” (Para. 45)

He fell then to silent thinking. He looked

intently into the past when his country had lost

the power on the Carribbean, even the world.

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I. Word Study

II. Phrases and Expressions

III. Word Building

IV. Grammar

Part four Part four Language StudyLanguage Study

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I. Word StudyI. Word Study

Word list:

1. appeal

2. aspiration

3. bribe

4. brood

5. charge

6. fierce

7. figure

8. glory

9. mastery

10. plague

11. rival

12. soothe

13. spur

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appeal n.

Chinese

恳求，呼吁；吸引力；

上诉，申诉

Examples:

appeal for aid

an appeal to parents to supervise their children

The film has great appeal for young audience.

an appeal to the European court of Human Rights

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1. appeal

v. a. to make a serious request for help, money, information b. to be attractive or interesting c. to make formal request to a court

Chinese

恳求，呼吁；有吸引力；上诉

Word formation

n. appeal

Examples:

She appealed to the kidnappers to release her son.

Does the idea of working abroad appeal to you?

If you are not satisfied, you can appeal.

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2. aspiration

Word formation

v. aspire

n. a strong desire to have or achieve sth.

Examples:

When I was 12 I had aspirations to play professional football.

He had no political aspirations.

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I. Word StudyI. Word Study3. bribe

v. to pay money to sb. to persuade him to

help you by doing sth. dishonest

n. money or sth. valuable given to sb. to

persuade him to do sth. dishonest

Examples:The criminal bribed the policeman to let him go free.They tried to bribe the official into silence.The official took bribes from those who wanted favors.

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4. brood

v. to keep thinking for a long time about sth. that makes you very angry or worried

Examples:

She sat there brooding on whether life

is worth living.

Don’t brood over lost opportunities.

Just as physicists worry about the

nature of matter, historians brood

about the study of man’s past.

Chinese

沉思；念念不忘，计较；思考

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I. Word StudyI. Word Study5. charge

v. a. to rush in or as if in an attack b. to ask in payment c. to declare officially and openly

d. to load The hotel charged me $50 for a room for t

he night. Suddenly the wild animal charged at us. He was charged with murder and betrayal. The soldiers charged their guns and prepared to fire.

b

c

d

a

Select the proper

meaning of “charge” in

each sentence.

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a. very strong; done with very strong feelings and energy

6. fierce

fierce emotions

fierce attack

fierce competition

fierce anger

fierce look

fierce tempest

强烈的感情猛烈的进攻激烈的竞争极度愤怒面目狰狞狂风暴雨

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I. Word StudyI. Word Study7. figure

n. a. shape b. person c. number d. character

e. an amount of money

You have to watch our diet if you want to keep your figure.

keeping unemployment figure down

both a political and a religious figure

to play the figure of a judge

an estimated figure of $200 million

a

b

d

c

Select the proper meaning

of “figure” in each sentence.

e

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8. glory

n. great honor; praise

Examples:

return with glory

in one’s glory

go to glory

glory to do/in doing sth.

glorify oneself

a glorious death

凯旋得意之时死，升天为做某事而自豪自夸光荣的牺牲

Word formation

v. glorifya. glorious

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9. mastery

n. the status of master or ruler; control

v. n. (to) master

Word formation

The enemy had complete mastery of

the seas and no ships could get

through.

Everybody was impressed by her quick

mastery of those complicated theories.

Examples:

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Examples:

The two girls were rivals for Jack’s attention.

The college’s facilities rival those of Harvard and Yale.

11. rival

n. a person, group or an organization that

you compete with in sport, business, a

fight, etc.

v. to be as good or important as sb. or sth.

else

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I. Word StudyI. Word Study10. plague

n. a. any disease causing death and spreading quickly to a large number of people

b. sth. that annoys youv. to cause trouble to sb.; to annoy sb.

Examples:A great many people have been swept away by the plague.That child is a plague of her life.The little boy plagued his father by begging over and over to go to the zoo.

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a. soothing

adv. soothingly


12. soothe

v. a. to make someone feel calmer and less anxious, upset or angry b. to make a pain less severe

Examples:

She soothed the child who was afraid.

I bought some lozenges to soothe my

throat.

Word formation

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I. Word StudyI. Word Study13. spur

v. a. to encourage a horse to go fasterb. to incite or stimulate

n. a fact or event that makes you try harder to do sth.

Examples:The rider spurred on to his destination. He was spurred on by poverty to commit a crime.To him difficulties were simply spurs to endeavor.Ambition is an excellent spur for the young.

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List:

1. adapt to

2. be born to do/be sth.

3. but for

4. drive away

5. if only

6. let loose

7. lose grip on

8. mark off

9. put into/in

10. what if

11. within one’s grasp

II. Phrases and ExpressionsII. Phrases and Expressions

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Examples:

Most students have little difficulty

adapting to college life.

When he moved to Canada, the

children adapted to the change very

well.

1. adapt to 适应

cf. adapt for


to change your ideas or behavior so that

you can deal with a new situation

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Examples:

The materials can be adapted for use

with older children.

You can adapt this fabric for anything

from driver’s suit to gloves.

adapt for改装，改造


to change sth. so that it can be used

in a different purpose

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Examples:

She was born to be a dancer.

He is a person born to lead.

2. be born to do/be sth.


“ born” phrases to be very suitable for a particular job, activity, etc.

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Examples:

But for these interruptions the meeting

would have finished half an hour ago.

But for my brother's help, I would not

have finished.

3. but for


without, if not for

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cf.

be born with a silver spoon in one’s mouth

be born under a lucky star

born and bred

I wasn’t born yesterday.

There is one born every minute.

cf.

生于富贵人家

生来就幸运

土生土长

不要拿我当小孩。

随时有人犯傻。

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4. drive away

to make someone stop wanting

sth. or stop wanting to be

with someone

Examples:

Increasing prices will only drive

customers away.

Your possessiveness will drive Liz

away if you’re not careful.

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5. if only


used to express a strong wish

Examples:

If only I had a car, I could get out of

this place.

“If only I could see for three days,”

said the blind girl.

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6. let loose


to let sb. or sth. go free

Examples:

You should not let loose your indignation

in this way.

Don’t let your dog loose if there are any

sheep around.

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7. lose grip on


“ grip” phrases

a. to lose the power and control over

b. to become less able to understand

things or deal with them

Examples:

The policeman would not lose his grip on the thief.Don’t lose your grip on the rope or you’ll fall.Are you starting to lose your grip on reality?

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be in the grip of sth. 处于不利局势之中The forest is still in the grip of winter.

get a grip on oneself 控制自己的感情Stop being hysterical and get a grip on yourself.

have a grip on sth. 对某事的控制The church no longer has a strong grip on the population.

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8. mark off


Examples:

We marked off the limits of our lots with stakes.

The place was marked off as a tennis court.

Her smiling eyes marks her off from other girls.

to make an area separate by drawing a line around it or putting a rope around it

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9. put into/in


“ put” phrases

a. to enter a port or harbor

b. to spend time or use energy working or

practising sth.

c. to interrupt sb. in order to say sth.

Examples:

The ship put in a port.

You have to put in a lot of effort to learn a new language.

He put in a good word for me.

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cf.

put across

put away

put down

put forward

put off

put through

cf.

表达清楚收拾起来；存钱批评某人提出延期为某人接通电话

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10. what if


what would happen if

Examples:

What if we move the picture over here?

It sounds like a good offer, but what if

it’s a trick?

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11. within one’s grasp


Examples:

Success is within our grasp now.

She has an excellent position within

her grasp.

“ grasp” phrases to be able to achieve or attain sth.

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cf.

beyond one’s grasp

have a good grasp of

in the grasp of

keep a firm grasp on

Grasp all, lose all.

cf.

力量达不到

深刻了解

在 ······ 掌握中

抓紧

[ 谚 ] 贪多必失。

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III. Word BuildingIII. Word Building

List:

1. prefix – a-

2. prefix – un-

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ashore (para. 5)ashore (para. 5)

prefix

a-: in a particular condition or way

Examples:

They were walking They were walking abreastabreast..

He was standing a few steps He was standing a few steps apartapart from them. from them.

She left the door She left the door ajarajar..

Many of those visitors came from Many of those visitors came from afarafar..

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un-: +v. to show an

opposite

undress

unbutton

uncover

untie

unwrap

unmask

unpack

脱衣服

解开纽扣

揭开盖子，揭露

解开

打开包裹脱去面具解开包裹

uncork (para. 5)uncork (para. 5)

prefix


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IV. GrammarIV. Grammar

1. usage of “as”

2. relative pronoun as the object of a pr

eposition in relative clause

List:

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Example:

It is not to say that everyone would have

acted as he did, or as Usher, Windsor and

Skutnik.

as a conjunction to introduce a clause of manner

asas


2) “As” is used as a conjunction to introduce an adverbial of manner.

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IV. GrammarIV. Grammarasas

Example:

And I had not thought it, for he was not at all what one would regard as the figure of a soldier.

the object complement of “what”

1) “ As” is used as a preposition to introduce an object complement with verbs such as regard, describe, introduce. It can be followed by a noun, an adjective, a participle, etc.

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3)“As” is used as a relative pronoun to function as subject, object or predictive referring to what is stated in the main clause.

relative pronoun as object of “explained”, refer to warfare

asas


More examples

Example:

But warfare, as he explained to me, has altered.

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The two brothers were satisfied with this decision, as was agreed beforehand.

relative pronoun as predicative

asas


… he fell then to silent brooding, gazing, as it seemed, into the past…

relative pronoun as subject

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The man sat back, and the barber noticed strong, well-kept teeth, one of which was filled with gold.

relative pronoun as the object of a preposition in relative clause


“ which” as object of “in”

“ which” as object of “of”

To learn the meaning of a word you’ve got to study the sentences in which it appears.


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Part five Part five Resource Resource ExtensionExtension

• Quiz

• Writing


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I. QuizI. Quiz

List

1. Quiz 1

2. Quiz 2

3. Quiz 3


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I. Quiz 1I. Quiz 1

alter thoughtful

brood beg

appeal change

dominate disease

idle think

plague control

considerate at leisure

Match the synonyms in

the two columns.


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I.Quiz 2I.Quiz 2

1. There were some ______ flowers on the table.

a. artificial b. unnatural

c. false d. unreal

2. People were surprised to find that he had the

ability to _____ everything he was involved in.

a. precede b. dominate

c. effect d. instruct

a b


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3. When people become unemployed, it is ____

which is often worse than lack of wages.

a. diligence b. poverty

c. idleness d. inability

4. Although the two players are ______ in the

tennis court, they are really good friends.

a. partners b. enemies

c. rivals d. companions

I. Quiz 2I. Quiz 2

c c


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I.Quiz 2I.Quiz 2

d a

5. By _____ computation, he estimated that the

repairs on the house would cost him a

thousand dollars.

a. coarse b. rude

c. crude d. rough

6. He was _____ enough to understand my

questions from the gestures I made.

a. intelligent b. efficient

c. proficient d. diligent


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7. A well-written composition ____ good choice

of words and clear organization among other

things.

a. calls on b. calls for

c. calls up d. calls off

8. Craig assured his boss that he would ____ all

his energies in doing this new job.

a. call on b. call for

c. call up d. call off

I.Quiz 2I.Quiz 2

b a


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I. Quiz 2I. Quiz 2

b a

9. ______ the speech contest I would have

gone to the dance party last Sunday.

a. In spite of b. But for

c. Because of d. As for

10. I’m sure he is up to the job _____ he would

give his mind to it.

a. if only b. in case

c. until d. unless


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11. Being somewhat short-sighted, she had the habit of _____ at people.

a. glancing b. peering c. gazing d. scanning

12. In spite of the wide range of reading material specially written or ______ for language learning purpose, there is yet no comprehensive systematic program for the reading skills.

a. adapted b. acknowledged c. assembled d. appointed

I.Quiz 2I.Quiz 2

b a


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I.Quiz 2I.Quiz 2

a c

13. ______, the little girl can help her mother

with some housework.

a. Young as she is b. Young as is she

c. As she is young d. As is she young

14. ______ is known to the world, Mark Twain is

a great American writer.

a. That b. Which

c. As d. It


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I.Quiz 2I.Quiz 2

b b

15. American will never again have as a nation

the spirit of adventure ______ before the

West was settled.

a. as it was b. as it did

c. like it did d. like it was

16. Fog is one of the sailor’s ______ enemies.

a. deadly b. deadliest

c. fatal d. fatalist


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17. He built a telescope ________ which he could

study the skies.

a. on b. in

c. from d. through

18. The desk ________ which Jack is leaning is

John’s.

a. of b. for

c. against d. on

I.Quiz 2I.Quiz 2

d c


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1. The ship got ______ on a rock. (shore)

2. Mr. Spears did not ______ to obtaining a

better position in life. (aspiration)

3. The right hand is ________ in most people.

(dominate)

4. A sword rusts in _______. (idle)

I. Quiz 3I. Quiz 3

ashore

aspire

dominant

idleness

Fill in the blanks with the proper

form of the given words.


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5. A brave leader is an _________ to his followers.

(inspire)

6. There is keen _____ for these appointments.

(rival)

7. He’s very unhappy about her promotion; he

seems to feel that his own job is _________.

(threat)

I.Quiz 3I.Quiz 3

inspiration

rivalry

Fill in the blanks with the proper

form of the given words.

threatened


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II.Writing II.Writing

Topic

The idle curiosity or the desire to know rather than practical needs is the driving force of the scientists.

You may agree or disagree.

Present your argument with compelling

reasons and examples.

the greatest invention lord dunsany lesson seven

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