THE GREAT WAR:• AKA = World War One• Meant to be

“…the most glorious conflict since the Napoleonic Wars….”

MANIA

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Militarism

Alliances

Nationalism

Imperialism

Assassination

ANIMAL

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Alliances

Nationalism

Imperialism

Militarism

Assassination

Leadership

Relevant Vocabulary• Total War – entire country mobilizes for war

• Trench Warfare – war fought in trenches

• Triple Entente – one side of the war

• Central Powers – one side of the war

• Propaganda – posters, pamphlets or music meant to alter emotions

• Eastern Front – eastern-most area of fighting

• Western Front – western-most area of fighting

Trench Warfare

Two Sides

• Central Powers– Germany– Austria-Hungary– Ottoman Empire– Italy

• Allied Powers– Russia– France– Great Britain– Belgium– Italy– United States

Propaganda

Attack Plans

French Attack Plan: Plan XVII

Goal: to regain Alsace and Lorraine

German plan: Schlieffen Plan

Goal: Capture Paris quickly

Soldiers of the Western Front

German Officer and soldier

German Infantry French Infantry

Western Front• Verdun 1914

– February-November 1916

• Flander’s Fields• Ypres• Arras• The Marne

– September 4-10, 1914

• The Christmas Truce – December 25, 1914

• The Somme – July-November 1916

In Flanders FieldsBy: Lieutenant Colonel John McCrae, MD (1872-1918) Canadian Army

IN FLANDERS FIELDS the poppies blow Between the crosses row on row,

That mark our place; and in the sky The larks, still bravely singing, fly

Scarce heard amid the guns below. We are the Dead. Short days ago

We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow, Loved and were loved, and now we lie

In Flanders fields. Take up our quarrel with the foe: To you from failing hands we throw The torch; be yours to hold it high.

If ye break faith with us who die We shall not sleep, though poppies grow

In Flanders fields.

Soldiers of the Eastern Front

Austro-Hungarian

German Russian Russian

Eastern Front

• Austrians & Germans vs. Russians• Caused a revolution in Russia• Russia withdrew from the war in 1917• Central Forces transferred to the Western Front

The end

• Cease-fire declared on…“The 11th hour of the 11th month on the 11th day.”

• Ended with the Treaty of Versailles• Based on Wilson’s 14 points

– Ended the war– Germany is to blame– Reparations must be paid– New countries established

• Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania

– Established the League of Nations

Significant Aspects

• Trench war• Chemical War• 68 million men were mobilized. 9 million deaths, almost

as many as the current population in Belgium. • Losses:

– Russia: 2 million– Germany 1.8 million – France 1.3 million– Great Britain 1.1 million– Austria-Hungary 1 million

• Hyper-Inflation in Germany

Sources• Livesey, Great Battles of World War I • Winter, The Experience of World War I • Copyright © 1996-2003 by The War Times Journal at www.wtj.com.• German machine gunner photo courtesy of the United States National Archives and

the United States Signal Corps. • http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/flanders.htm• http://librivox.org/in-flanders-fields-by-john-mccrae/

• http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWW.htm

Important IndividualsCentral Powers• Austria-Hungary:

Ruler: Military Leader:

• Germany: Ruler: Kaiser Wilhelm II Military Leader: Erich von Falkenhayn,

• Turkey: Ruler: Military Leader:

Allied Powers• France:

Ruler: Military Leader: Joseph Joffre, Henri

Petain• Great Britain:

Ruler: PM David Lloyd George Military Leader: Sir John French, Sir

Douglas Haig• Russia:

Ruler: Emperor Nicolas II Military Leader:

• United States: Ruler: Woodrow Wilson Military Leader: John Pershing

• Belgium: Ruler & Military Leader:

King Albert I