the great german physicist

8/12/2019 The Great German Physicist

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a8 Bad Listening Habits

1. Interrupting-Youre basically telling the other person that what they were trying to say istotally unimportant to you. Resist the urge. Bite your tongue if you have to and let the otherperson have his or her say.

2. Stage Hogging-If you dominate conversations, interrupt to take over, or constantly changethe subject to talk about you and your interests, youre a stage hog. Stage hogging can also bemore subtle, coming in the form of The Bigger Fish Syndrome. This occurs when someoneelse tells a story and you just cant let him or her have the moment. The fish you caught isbigger. The car wreck you had was worse. Your boss is more demanding. You get the picture.How do you stop becoming a stage hog? Start by taking the advice in step 1 above.

3. Pseudolistening-Youre smiling and giving the other person all the nonverbal signals thatyoure paying attention but your brain is in Bermuda.

If you make a commitment to listen, then you should listen.

If you dont want to or cant listen now, then be honest and say so.

Id rather have peopletell me, Nows not a good time, can we talk later?, than lie to me andsay theyre listening when theyre not.

4. Apathetic/Insensitive listening- When you listen to words and dont also listen to thespeakers nonverbals, youre probably being an insensitive listener.

You hear, My cat fluffy died, and disregard the devastated look on the speakers face, the

tears, the obvious emotion in his or her voice, and reply, Why dont you just get another cat?,or Everyones gotta go sometime!

5. Defensive listening-Most people have issues to which theyre sensitive. Defensive listeningoccurs when someone else brings up that issue and you react in a way that is out of proportionto the persons comment. Think about the word room to a teenager. A parent says, I want totalk about your room, and the teen immediately goes into a tirade trying to justify why the roomis a mess, when in fact, the parent may have wanted to discuss repainting orredecorating. Dont allow your sensitivity to keep you from hearing something you need or mightwant to hear.

6. Allowing distractions-Your mouth says, Yes I have time to talk, but you continue to read

e-mail, answer phone calls, look at your calendar, etc. If you make a commitment to aconversation, give the other party your undivided attention. Dont complete other tasks. If thoseother task are so important, tell the other person so, and ask him or her if you can talk abouttheir issue later.

7. Using poor listening body language-Listening involves more than just your ears. If a hugepercentage of communication comes from a persons body language, youve got to listen tothat with your eyes. Eye contact is a critical component of listening to others.


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Additionally, the nonverbal messages you send to the speaker can tell him or her that youreinterested and engaged, or bored and self-absorbed. Here are some additional nonverbal tipsfor good listeners:

- Look at the speaker

- Orient your body toward the speaker

- Lean in to the speaker to show interest/involvement

- Be still. Not like a statue, but dont fidget, rock in your chair, etc.

- React to what youre hearing. Your facial expression and body movements should show thespeaker you get it. If the speaker says, The building is on fire, or, Im really concerned aboutthis, there should be some reaction on your part- not a blank stare or plastered-on smile.

8. Not putting on the right listening ears-There are many different types of listening, from

appreciative listening, which is what you do when you listen to music, to critical listening, whichis the analytical/evaluative listening you should be doing when you buy a used car. You cant dothe right kind of listening if you dont know the goal of your listening.

If in doubt, ask the speaker, What can I do for you? Are you looking for advice, empathy, or justa sounding board? I know it sounds crazy, but if you dont, youre likely to give the wronganswer. People who are looking for empathy generally doesnt appreciate a response thatbegins with, Well, what you should have done was In turn, people looking for advice willwalk away dissatisfied with a response such as, Gee, Im sorry. I guess you have an importantdecision to make. Good luck.

he explosion ofpsychological studies during the20th century has to some extent permeated thebusiness community - and with good reason. Much of business (especiallyselling) is rooted inthe ability to understand and communicate. As such, any development that enables such skillsto be improved would (ideally) be looked upon favorably by businesses.

Takethe art of good listening as an example. Only within the past 35 years have we becomeaware of its influence in business and industry; and attempts to teach listening as a skill havebeen made for less time than that.

The truth of the matter is that more time is spent in listening than one might at first realize. Agood executive will spend almost as much time listening to something or somebody as (s)he

does in performing the innumerable chores peculiar to his/her office.

Through the process of evolved experience, which the executive has gained going up theladder, (s)he has absorbed the knowledge of listening even though (s)he has not receivedformal training in this field.

(S)he has, however, been taught the other language arts:
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Research shows that all of us have a number of bad listening habits and these habits have adetrimental effect on our process of learning.

Few of us have the ability to concentrate completely on what is being asked.

There are too many things that tend to pull us away from the thinthread of concentration.As anexample, if you yourself are in church, listening to the sermon, and you happen to glance outthe window and see an autumn leaf drift across your field of vision, then, through association,your mind tells you that winter is approaching. Your subconscious then adds to the chain ofthought: "Winter is coming - that means I'll have to budget for fuel expenses."

And there it goes - the untrained mind may run off from there lacking the ability to pull itself backto the point where it had initially become engaged.

Inthe art of communications there are four phases:speaking,reading,writing,andlistening.Wehave all been taught the first three, but few of us have received any instruction in the latter.

Without such instruction, a salesperson could conceivably talk him - or herself into a deal, andthen right out of it, without even being aware that this has happened. Somewhere along the line,though, (s)he went astray.

There are ten bad listening habits

1. ThePremature decision that subject material will not be interesting.Now the acid test - how many here went through their program early this morning, then checkedoff the portions that wouldn't be interesting? It is a certainty that everyone here performed thismental checking off, and yet you are all here, attending that which you may well wish to ignore.

2.Pretend attention.

This one is fairly self-explanatory. If one is not willing to absorb knowledge in the first place, it isthat much easier to drift out what is going on.

3. Yielding to promotion ordistraction.What do you do when you hear asudden noise? Do you turn to see what made it?

4. Failure toadjust to the speaker.Apattern of speech, a clashingtie,a repeatedgesture,orphysical attributes - any or all of thesemay draw the focus of an audience, and lead it away from the actual message.

5.Aversion ofdifficult material.For a plethora of reasons, study after study that has attempted to capture television viewing

habits has demonstrated that the most popular shows tend to be ...

By contrast, attempts at learning or discussion are rarelystimulated (No, Rush Limbaughdoesn't count!) inNorth Americanaudiovisual media.

6. Hop-Skip-Jump.It has been proven that the human brain can absorb 600words per minute.If I was to speak at200 words per minute, then what has your mind been doing in the meantime?
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7. "I want the truth" verses "I want the facts"

The majority of persons go to alecture oraddress with the sole thought that they wish onlyfacts...

nothing but facts. It worked forJoe Friday,but it won't work for others. When you listen to someone,

prepare tolisten to everything.You never know what you might pick up.

8. Yielding toemotional deafspots.

There are words that give offense. There are also words that do not necessarily give offense in polite

company, but with nonetheless create emotional deafspots: mother-in-law, Cathlic, Oriental, Muslim,

Jew. As soon as a selected word is used by the speaker, ingrained habit or prior prejudice fastens the

mind onto the word and its inferences, and the remainder of the theme is lost. The word has effectively

derailed the train of thought.

9.Overanalysis.

To illustrate: "It's all right for the speaker to say that his plan should be adopted... but it won't work on

my territory." As soon as (or before, if one is being more rational) this conclusion has been made, the

person thinking this beginscompiling a list of reasons why it may not work, possible going over both

arguments andcounterarguments... and in doing so, she has interrupted thechain of communication.

10.Pencil and Paper Listening.

This can in fact be a very good aid, but it is wise to remember that you can always expand upon whatyou write later, rather than concentrate on your note-taking skills to the detriment of the subject

material.

On conclusion, the following study from theUniversity of Minnesota is given as a surprising example.

The best listeners were found to be...small children.Specifically, children are 5-6 years listen up to 85%

- 90% of the time, children are 6-9 listen up to 75% of the time, age 10-14, up to 50%, and from 15

onwards - only 25%.

Obviously, then, listening is not alost art but a new one.

-- essay passed out from a class
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.The great German physicist, Heinrich Hertz made possible the development of radio, television, and radarby proving that electricity can be transmitted in electromagnetic waves. He explained and expanded theelectromagnetic theory of light that had been put forth by Maxwell. He was the first person who successfullydemonstrated the presence of electromagnetic waves, by building an apparatus that produced anddetected the VHF/UHF radio waves. His undertakings earned him the honor of having his surnameassigned to the international unit of frequency (one cycle per second).

In 1876, at the age of 29, Alexander Graham Bell invented his telephone. In 1877, he formed the BellTelephone Company, and in the same year married Mabel Hubbard and embarked on a yearlonghoneymoon in Europe.Alexander Graham Bell might easily have been content with the success of his telephone invention. Hismany laboratory notebooks demonstrate, however, that he was driven by a genuine and rare intellectualcuriosity that kept him regularly searching, striving, and wanting always to learn and to create. He wouldcontinue to test out new ideas through a long and productive life. He would explore the realm ofcommunications as well as engage in a great variety of scientific activities involving kites, airplanes,tetrahedral structures, sheep-breeding, artificial respiration, desalinization and water distillation, andhydrofoils.
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J. J. Thomson was appointed a Fellow of the Royal Society 1865. He was a successor to Lord Rayleigh asCavendish Professor of Experimental Physics. His favorite studentErnst Rutherfordlater succeeded him in1919. The early theoretical work of Thomson broadened the electromagnetic theories ofJames ClerkMaxwells,which revolutionized the study of gaseous conductors of electricity, as well as the nature ofcathode rays.

Inspired byWilhelm Rntgens1895 discovery of X-rays, Thomson demonstrated that cathode rays were

actually some speedily moving particles. After measuring their speed and specific charge, he concludedthat these corpuscles (electrons) were about 2000 times smaller in mass as compared to the hydrogenion, the lightest-known atomic particle. The discovery, made public during Thomsons 1897 lecture to theRoyal Institution, was labeled as the most influential breakthrough in the history of physics since Sir IsaacNewton.
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Robert Andrews Millikan, (born March 22, 1868, Morrison, Ill., U.S.died Dec. 19, 1953,San Marino,Calif.), American physicist honoured with theNobel Prizefor Physics in 1923 for his study of theelementary electronic charge and thephotoelectric effect.Millikan graduated fromOberlin College(Oberlin, Ohio) in 1891 and obtained his doctorate atColumbia

Universityin 1895. In 1896 he became an assistant at theUniversity of Chicago,where he became a fullprofessor in 1910.In 1909 Millikan began a series ofexperimentsto determine the electric charge carried by a singleelectron.He began by measuring the course of charged water droplets in an electrical field. The results suggestedthat the charge on the droplets is a multiple of the elementary electric charge, but the experiment was notaccurate enough to be convincing. He obtained more precise results in 1910 with his famousoil-dropexperimentin which he replaced water (which tended to evaporate too quickly) with oil.In 1916 he took up with similar skill the experimental verification of the equation introduced by AlbertEinsteinin 1905 to describe the photoelectric effect. He used this same research to obtain an exact valueof Plancks constant.In 1921 Millikan left the University of Chicago to become director of the Norman Bridge Laboratory of

Physics at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in Pasadena, Calif. There he undertook a majorstudy of the radiation that the physicist Victor Hess had detected coming from outer space. Millikan provedthat this radiation is indeed of extraterrestrial origin, and he named it cosmic rays. As chairman of theexecutive council of Caltech from 1921 until his retirement in 1945, Millikan turned that school into one ofthe leading research institutions in the United States.
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Michael Faraday (1791-1867)British physicist and chemist, best known for his discoveries of electromagnetic induction and of the laws ofelectrolysis. His biggest breakthrough in electricity was his invention of the electric motor.

Born in 1791 to a poor family in London, Michael Faraday was extremely curious, questioning everything.

He felt an urgent need to know more. At age 13, he became an errand boy for a bookbinding shop inLondon. He read every book that he bound, and decided that one day he would write a book of his own. Hebecame interested in the concept of energy, specifically force. Because of his early reading andexperiments with the idea of force, he was able to make important discoveries in electricity later in life. Heeventually became a chemist and physicist.

Michael Faraday built two devices to produce what he called electromagnetic rotation: that is a continuouscircular motion from the circular magnetic force around a wire. Ten years later, in 1831, he began his greatseries of experiments in which he discovered electromagnetic induction. These experiments form the basisof modern electromagnetic technology.

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Hans Christian Oersted was a Danish physicist and chemist who revolutionized the arena ofelectromagnetism by discovering that the electric currents can produce magnetic fields. His 1820 discoveryof piperine, the pungent component that causes the hotness of pepper, and his 1825 formulation of metallicaluminum, are considered significant contributions in the history of chemistry.


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That was Don Keck'sjournal entryon a quiet evening in August 1970 when he notedthat his team's latest test, transmitting light through a 65-foot-long strand of heat-treatedsilica fiber, achieved an attenuation of 16 db/km, exceeding his Optical WaveGuideteam's goal of 20 db/km.

Working with Robert Maurer and Peter Schulz, Keck had achieved a breakthrough in

communications technology, one that is continuing to change and influence the wireline

industry in this century as fiber optic networks are built out worldwide. Fiber optics, of

course, has made the entire high-speed bandwidth revolution possible, while

challenging legacy technologies to push the envelope in terms of what they can deliver

to compete with fiber.

Keck spent his entire career at Corning, continuing to improve optical fiber, including its

manufacturing process and equipment like optical couplers and splitters. He retired

from the company in 2002 as Vice President and Director of Research.
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the great german physicist

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