the gospel according to paul: romans · 1]usemkv fgpxnb kphntijw: tdmamtej\w t_m_v d´ven...

$: The Gospel According to Paul: Romans · 1]usemkv FgpXnb kphntijw: tdmamteJ\w t_m_v D´ven sl¿a\yq´nIvkv s{]m^k¿ (thZ]pkvXI hymJym\w) ÃUn ssKUv Ia‚dn kocokv]pXnb \nbaw, hmeyw$
1

]usemkv FgpXnb

kphntijw:

tdmamteJ\w

t_m_v D´vensl¿a\yq´nIvkv s{]m^k¿

(thZ]pkvXI hymJym\w)

ÃUn ssKUv Ia‚dn kocokv

]pXnb \nbaw, hmeyw 5

3

D≈-S°w

Ia‚-dn-bn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂ Npcp-s°-gp-Øp-Iƒ ................................................................................................... 7

{KŸImc\n¬ \n∂v Hcp hm°v: Cu Ia‚dn Fßs\ \nßsf klmbn°pw? ................................................. 9

DØa ss__nƒ ]mcmbWØn\v Hcp am¿§Z¿in: sXfnbn°s∏Smhp∂

kXyØn\pth≠nbp≈ Hcp hy‡n]camb At\zjWw ........................................................................................ 11

hymJym\w

tdmam teJ-\-Øn\v Hcp BapJw ........................................................................................................................... 19

tdma¿ 1 ..............................................................................................................................................................................24

tdma¿ 2 .............................................................................................................................................................................63

tdma¿ 3 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 79

tdma¿ 4 ............................................................................................................................................................................99

tdma¿ 5 ............................................................................................................................................................................112

tdma¿ 6 ........................................................................................................................................................................... 131

tdma¿ 7 ...........................................................................................................................................................................143

tdma¿ 8 ...........................................................................................................................................................................157

tdma¿ 9 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 186

tdma¿ 10 ..........................................................................................................................................................................212

tdma¿ 11 ..........................................................................................................................................................................224

tdma¿ 12 ........................................................................................................................................................................ 237

tdma¿ 13 ..........................................................................................................................................................................254

tdma¿ 14 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 273

tdma¿ 15 .........................................................................................................................................................................286

tdma¿ 16 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 301

A\p_‘w H∂v: {Ko°v hymI-cW ]Z-ß-fpsS lrkz \n¿h-N\w .................................................................... 316

A\p-_‘w c≠v: ]mT \ncq-]Ww (Textual Criticism) ............................................................................................ 325

A\p-_‘w aq∂v: ]Z-kq-NnI ........................................................................................................................................... 329

A\p_‘w \mev: hnizmk {]amW {]Jym]\w ...................................................................................................... 338

4

tdmam-te-J-\-Ønse

{]tXyI ]T-\-hn-j-b-ß-fpsS D≈-S°w

ssZh]p{X≥, 1:1 ........................................................................................................................................................................ 26

BZnak`bpsS sIdn‹m, 1:2 ................................................................................................................................................ 27

Ab-bv°pI (At∏m-sÃt√m ˛ apostellw), 1:2 ............................................................................................................ 29

hnip-≤-∑m¿, 1:3 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 30

ssZhØns‚ ]nXrXzw, 1:4 .................................................................................................................................................... 31

ssZhnI \ma-ßƒ, 1:4 ............................................................................................................................................................ 32

ainlm, 1:4 .................................................................................................................................................................................. 35

PUw (km¿Ivkv- ˛ sarx), 1:5 ................................................................................................................................................ 36

t_m_ns‚ kphntijhnlnX ap≥hn[nIƒ, 1:6 ........................................................................................................ 38

]gb\nbaØn¬ hnizkn°pI, B{ibn°pI, hnizmkw, hnizkvXX, 1:6 ...................................................... 39

hnfn-°-s∏´, 1:7 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 43

]pXnb\nbaØn¬ ""Bflmhv'', 1:10 ................................................................................................................................. 44

c£, 1:16 ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 47

\oXn, 1:17 .................................................................................................................................................................................... 48

""kXyw'' ]usem-kns‚ Fgp-Øp-I-fn¬,1:18 ................................................................................................................... 52

ssZhw a\p-jy-s\∂ \ne-bn¬ hnh-cn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p, 1:18 ..................................................................................... 53

Adn-bpI, 1:19 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 54

\in-∏n-°p-I, ]mgm-°p-I, Zpjn-∏n-°pI, 1:22 .................................................................................................................. 56

lrZ-bw, 1:24 .............................................................................................................................................................................. 57

Ft∂°pw ({Ko°v {]tbm-Kw), 1:25 ................................................................................................................................... 58

Bta≥, 1:25 ............................................................................................................................................................................... 58

kzh¿§cXn, 1:26 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 59

]pXnb\nbaØnse Zp¿KpWßfpw kXvKpWßfpw, 1:26 ...................................................................................... 60

lqs]¿'' kwbp-‡-Øns‚ D]-tbmKw ]usem-kns‚ cN-\-I-fn¬, 1:30 .............................................................. 61

am\-km-¥cw, 2:4 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 65

hwio-b-X, 2:11 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 69

{]iw-kn-°¬, 2:17 .................................................................................................................................................................. 74

]cntim[\bv°p≈ {Ko°v ]Zßfpw a‰v A¿∞kqN\Ifpw, 2:18 ...................................................................... 74

\o°w hcn-I, Akm-[p-hm-IpI (I-‰m¿sK-H), 3:3 ......................................................................................................... 81

tXP v, 3:23 ............................................................................................................................................................................. 88

Hcphs‚ c£sb kw_‘n®p≈ ]pXnb \nba sXfnhv, 3:24 ............................................................................ 89

adphne/hos≠-Sp-°pI, 3:24 ............................................................................................................................................... 89

]uckvXy kmlnXyw, 3:27 ................................................................................................................................................. 94

GI-ssZh hnizmkw, 3:30 ................................................................................................................................................... 95

hnizmkw, hniz-kn-°pI, AYhm B{ibw, 4:5 ......................................................................................................... 102

5

ap{Z, 4:11 .................................................................................................................................................................................... 105

Dd∏v, 4:16 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 108

kam-[m\w (hn-hn[ A¿∞-ß-fn¬), 5:1 ......................................................................................................................... 114

\nev]v (i,sthmii,sthmii,sthmii,sthmii,sthmi), 5:2 .............................................................................................................................................................. 115

Dd∏v, 5:3 ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 116

IjvSX (Tribulation), 5:3 ....................................................................................................................................................... 118

{InkvXob hf¿®, 5:4 ............................................................................................................................................................ 119

hnizm-kn-Iƒ IjvS-X-b-\p-`-hn-°p-∂-sX-¥p-sIm≠v?, 5:4 .......................................................................................... 120

ssZh-cm-Py-Øn¬ hmgpI, 5:17 ............................................................................................................................................ 127

kv\m\w, 6:3 ............................................................................................................................................................................. 134

hnip-≤o-I-cWw, 6:4 ............................................................................................................................................................... 135

ap{Z (tupojtupojtupojtupojtupoj), 6:17 ................................................................................................................................................................... 140

ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ ]usem-kns‚ kvXpXn, {]m¿∞-\, \μn-I-tc-‰¬, 7:25 ............................................................ 155

tbiphpw Bflmhpw, 8:9 ..................................................................................................................................................... 163

{XnXzw, 8:11 ................................................................................................................................................................................ 165

hnizmknIfpsS AhImiw, 8:17 ....................................................................................................................................... 169

{]IrXn hn`hßƒ, 8:18 ........................................................................................................................................................ 171

{]Xymi, 8:25 ........................................................................................................................................................................... 174

ÿntcm-’m-lØns‚ Bh-iy-IX, 8:25 ........................................................................................................................ 175

Bflm-hns‚ BfXzw, 8:27 ................................................................................................................................................ 177

BZy-Pm-X≥, 8:29 .................................................................................................................................................................... 179

Xncs™Sp∏pw/ap≥\nba \hpw ssZhimkv{X]camb k¥pe\Øns‚ BhiyIXbpw, 8:33 ............. 181

B¿°n (archarcharcharcharch), 8:38 ............................................................................................................................................................. 184

a\- m£n, 9:1 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 189

a[yÿ {]m¿∞\, 9:3 ........................................................................................................................................................ 190

im]w (A-\m-sX-am), 9:3 ...................................................................................................................................................... 192

bn{km-tb¬ (\m-aw), 9:4 ....................................................................................................................................................... 193

\nbaw/DS-ºSn, 9:4 ................................................................................................................................................................. 194

ssZhw a\p-jy-s\∂ \ne-bn¬ hnh-cn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p, 9:13 ................................................................................... 198

B¿{Z-kvt\lw (tl-sk-Zv), 9:15 ....................................................................................................................................... 200

tijn∏v: aq∂v A¿∞-Øn¬, 9:27 ................................................................................................................................... 204

ssZhnI \ma-ßƒ, 9:29 ....................................................................................................................................................... 205

aqe-°√v, 9:33 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 209

Adn-bpI, 10:2 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 214

Iogvs∏-S¬ (u.potassou.potassou.potassou.potassou.potasso), 10:3 ............................................................................................................................................ 215

c£bv°v D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂ {Ko°p {Inbm Ime-ßƒ, 10:4 ............................................................................... 216

G‰p-]-d-®n¬, 10:9 .................................................................................................................................................................... 218

I¿Øm-hns‚ \maw, 10:9 ...................................................................................................................................................... 219

6

{]Im-i-\w, 10:18 .................................................................................................................................................................... 222

]n∑m‰w (A-^n-Ão-an -˛ afisthmi), 11:21 ........................................................................................................................ 231

a¿Ωw, 11:25 ............................................................................................................................................................................. 234

hnip≤w, 12:1 ........................................................................................................................................................................... 239

Ct∏m-gp≈ bpKhpw hcp-hm-\p≈ bpKhpw, 12:2 ......................................................................................................... 240

ssZh-Øns‚ CjvSw (sXeoam -˛ qelhma), 12:2 .......................................................................................................... 241

]pXp-°pI, 12:2 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 242

]pXnb \nba {]h-N\w, 12:6 ............................................................................................................................................ 244

HuZmcyw/Bflm¿∞X (a.plotej), 12:8 ........................................................................................................................ 247

sImbvt\m-\nb (koinonia), 12:13 ..................................................................................................................................... 250

A[n-Imcw (exousia), 13:1 ................................................................................................................................................... 256

am\p-jnI `c-W-IqSw, 13:1 .................................................................................................................................................. 257

tamsi-bpsS \ymb{]-amWw kw_-‘n®v ]usem-kns‚ ImgvN-∏mSv, 13:8 ....................................................... 262

]pd-∏mSv 20 s‚ Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ, 13:9 ...................................................................................................................................... 263

_e-lo-\X, 14:1 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 276

hnizm-kn-Iƒ At\ym\yw hn[n-°-Wtam, 14:13 .......................................................................................................... 280

ssZh-cmPyw, 14:17 .................................................................................................................................................................. 282

BflnI h¿≤\ hcp-ØpI, 15:2 ..................................................................................................................................... 288

h¿≤n-®p-h-cpI (perisseuw), 15:13 ................................................................................................................................... 292

hni∏v, 15:26 ............................................................................................................................................................................. 297

ss__n-fnse kv{XoIƒ, 16:1 ........................................................................................................................................... 303

k`, 16:1 .................................................................................................................................................................................... 305

Bf-Xz-ap≈ ZpjvSX, 16:19 .................................................................................................................................................. 310

\nXy-amb, 16:25 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 314

7

Ia‚-dn-bn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂

Npcp-s°-gp-Øp-Iƒ

AB B¶¿ ss__nƒ Ia‚-dn, FUn. hneyw t^mIvskz¬ B¬ss{_‰v & tUhnUv t\mb¬

{ôUvam≥

ABD B¶¿ ss__nƒ UnIvjWdn (6 hmey-ßƒ), FUn. tUhnUv t\mb¬ {ôUvam≥

AKOT A\-se-‰n-°¬ Io Sp Z HmƒUv sSÃ-sa‚ v, tPm¨ tPmk^v Hmsh≥kv

ANET F≥jy‚ v \ob¿ CutÃ¨ sSIvÃv-kv, sPbnwkv _n. {]n‰vNm¿Uv

BAGD F {Ko°v-˛-Cw-•ojv seIvkn-°¨ Hm^v Z \yqsS-Ã-sa‚ v B≥Uv G¿en {InÃy≥ en‰-td-®¿,

hmƒ´¿ _mhp¿, c≠mw ]Xn∏v by F^v. Uªyp. Kn≥{Kn®v & s{Ûvdn°v Um¶¿

BDB F lo{_p B≥Uv -Cw-•ojv seIvkn-°¨ Hm^v Z HmƒUv sS-Ã-sa‚ v by F^v. {_u¨,

Fkv. B¿. ss{Uh¿ & kn. F. {_nKvkv

BHS _nªnbm sls{_bv°m Ã´vKm¿s´≥kn-bm, GBS, 1997

IDB Z C‚¿s{]-t´gvkv UnIvjWdn Hm^v Z ss__nƒ (4 hmey-ßƒ), FUn. tPm¿÷v F. _{ńIv

ISBE C‚¿\m-j-W¬ Ãm≥tU¿Uv ss__nƒ F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Unbm (5 hmey-ßƒ), FUn.

sPbnwkv Hm¿

JB sPdp-ktew ss__nƒ

JPSOA Z tlmfn kv{In]vtNgvkv At°m¿UnwKv Sp Z atkm-sd-‰nIv sSIvÃv: F \yq {Sm≥kvte-j≥ (Z

Pyqhnjv ]ªn-t°-j≥ skmssk‰n Hm^v Ata-cn-°)

KB Z lo{_p B≥Uv Acm-am-bnIv seIvkn-°¨ Hm^v Z HmƒUv sS-Ã-sa‚ v by eUvhnKv tImlv

e¿, hmƒ´¿ t_mwKm¿´v\¿

LAM Z tlmfn ss__nƒ {^w F≥jy‚ v CutÃ¨ am\p-kv{In]v‰vkv (Z s]jo-Øm) by tPm¿Pv

Fw. emwkm

LXX sk]v‰z-Pn‚ v (Greek-English) by Zondervan, 1970

MOF F \yq {Sm≥kvtej≥ Hm^v Z ss__nƒ by Pbnwkv tam^‰v

MT atkm-sd-‰nIv lo{_p sSIvÃv

NAB \yq Ata-cn-°≥ ss__nƒ sSIvÃv

NASB \yq Ata-cn-°≥ Ãm≥tU¿Uv ss__nƒ

NEB \yq Cw•ojv ss__nƒ

NET NET ss__nƒ: \yq Cw•ojv {Sm≥kvtej≥, sk°‚ v _o‰m FUo-j≥

9

{KŸImc\n¬ \n∂v Hcp hm°v

Cu Ia‚dn Fßs\ \nßsf klmbn°pw?

ssZhØn¬ \n∂p≈ ktμiw \ΩpsS ImeØv {Kln°pIbpw {]mtbmKnIam°pIbpw sNøphm≥

Ignbpw hn[w ]pcmX\ ssZh\nizmkob FgpØpImcs\ a\ nem°phm≥ {ian°p∂ bp‡n]chpw

Bflobhpamb {]{InbbmWv thZ]pkvXI hymJym\w.

Bflob {]{Inb \n¿ÆmbIamsW¶nepw \n¿hNn°m≥ _p≤nap´p≈XmWv. AXn¬ ssZhtØmSp≈

Iogvs∏SpØns°mSp°epw Xpd∂ a\xÿnXnbpw Dƒs∏Sp∂p. (1) Ah\p th≠nbpw (2) Ahs\ Adnbp

hm\pw (3) Ahs\ tkhn°phm\pw D≈ Hcp Zmlap≠mbncn°Ww. Cu {]{Inbbn¬ {]m¿∞\,

G‰p]d®n¬, PohnXssienbpsS am‰Øn\p≈ Hcp°w F∂nh ASßnbncn°p∂p. hymJym\ {]{Inbbn¬

Bflmhv \n¿ÆmbIamsW¶nepw F¥psIm≠v Bflm¿∞bpw `‡nbpap≈ hnizmknIƒ ss__nfns\

hyXykvX \nebn¬ a\ nem°p∂p F∂Xv Hcp a¿ΩamWv.

bp‡n]camb {]{Inb hniZoIcn°phm≥ Ffp∏amWv. \mw thZ`mKtØmSv ÿncX ImWn°p∂hcpw

acymZ ]pe¿Øp∂hcpw \ΩpsS hy‡n]ctam k`m]ctam Bb ap≥hn[nIfm¬ kzm[o\n°s∏SmØhcpw

Bbncnt°Ww. \msa√mhcpw Ncn{X]cambn cq]s∏SpØs∏´hcmWv. \mw Bcpw t\scbp≈ a[yh¿Øn

Ifmb hymJymXm°f√. Cu Ia‚dnbn¬, \ΩpsS ap≥[mcWIsf AXnPohn°phm≥ \sΩ klmbn°pw

hn[w cq]Iev]\ sNøs∏´ aq∂v hymJym\ XXzßƒ ASßnb {i≤m]q¿Δap≈ bp‡n]camb {]{Inb

hmKvZm\w sNøp∂p.

H∂mw XXzw

H∂mw XXzw, ]pkvXIw cNn°s∏´ Ncn{X ]›mØehpw AXns‚ cN\bv°v tlXphmb {]tXyI

Ncn{X kw`hhpw {i≤n°pI F∂XmWv. bYm¿∞ FgpØpImc\v Hcp Dt±iyhpw, hn\nabw sNøphm≥

Hcp ktμihpw D≠mbncp∂p. bYm¿∞, ]pcmX\, ssZhizmkob FgpØpImc\v Hcn°epw e`n°mØ

Hcp A¿∞w \ap°v B `mKØp \n∂v e`n°m≥ km[ya√. Ahs‚ Dt±iyw BWv ˛ \ΩpsS Ncn{X]chpw

sshImcnIhpw, kmwkvImcnIhpw, hy‡n]chpw k`mhn`mK]chpamb Bhiyw A√ ˛ Xmt°m¬.

{]mtbmKnIX hymJym\Øns‚ A`nhmPyLSIamWv. F∂ncp∂mepw {]mtbmKnIXbv°v icnbmb

hymJym\w D≠mtIWw. Hmtcm thZ]pkvXI `mKØn\pw Hscm‰ A¿∞ta D≠mbncn°bp≈q F∂

Imcyw a\ nem°nbncn°Ww. Cu A¿∞amWv bYm¿∞ FgpØpImc≥, ]cnip≤mflmhns‚ I¿Ør

XzØn≥ Iogn¬ Xs‚ ImeØv hn\nabw sNøm≥ B{Kln®Xv. Cu H‰ A¿∞Øn\v hyXykvX kwkvImc

ßfnepw kmlNcyßfnepw km[yamb \nch[n {]mtbmKnIXIƒ It≠°mw. Cu {]mtbmKnIXIƒ

bYm¿∞ FgpØpImcs‚ tI{μ kXyhpambn _‘ap≈Xmbncnt°Ww. C°mcWØm¬ Cu ]T\,

am¿§ \n¿t±iI hymJym\w cq]s∏SpØnbncn°p∂Xv thZ]pkvXIØnse Hmtcm ]pkvXIØn\pw apJhpc

\¬IpI F∂ Dt±iytØmsSbmWv.

c≠mw XXzw

c≠masØ XXzw kmlnXy bqWn‰pIƒ Xncn®dnbpI F∂XmWv. Hmtcm thZ]pkvXI {KŸhpw

Hcp sFIyXbp≈ tcJbmWv. a‰p≈hsb Hgnhm°n kXyØns‚ Hcp hiw am{Xw th¿Xncn°phm≥

hymJymXm°ƒ°v Hcp AhImihpan√. AXn\m¬, \mw Hmtcm kmlnXy bqWn‰pw hymJym\n°p∂Xn\pw

apºv ]pkvXIØns‚ BIam\ Dt±iyw a\ nem°phm≥ {ian°Ww. H‰sbm‰ `mK-ßƒ°v ˛ A[ym-b-

ßƒ, JfinIIƒ As√¶n¬ hmIyßƒ ˛ apgpbpWn‰n\pw C√mØ A¿∞w D≠mbncn°m≥ km[ya√.

hymJym\w apgph≥ `mKØns‚bpw A\pam\]camb hymJym\Øn¬ \n∂v sNdnb `mKßfpsS hyhÿm

]nXamb hymJym\Ønte°p \oßp∂Xmbncnt°Ww. AXn\m¬ Hmtcm kmlnXy bqWn‰ns‚bpw LS\

JfinI Xncn®v hniIe\w sNøp∂Xn\v ]TnXmhns\ klmbn°phm≥ cq]Iev]\ sNbvXXmWv Cu

]T\, am¿§ \n¿t±iI hymJym\w. JfinI, A[ymbw, hn`P\ßƒ F∂nh ssZh\nizmkoba√, adn®v

Nn¥m LS-Ißƒ Xncn®dnbm≥ \sΩ klmbn°p∂hbmWv.

JfinImXeØn¬ hymJym\n°p∂XmWv ˛ hmNItam, hmIyhn`mKtam, {]tbmKtam As√¶n¬

]Ztam A√ ˛ thZ]pkvXI FgpØpImc≥ Dt±in® A¿∞w ]n¥pScp∂Xn\p≈ Xmt°m¬. JfinIIƒ

Hcp GIoIrX hnjbØn¬ ASnÿm\s∏´Xmbncn°pw. AXns\ Nn¥mhnjbsat∂m hnjbm[njvTnX

hmNIsat∂m hnfn°mw. JfinIbnse Hmtcm hm°pw {]tbmKhpw hmIy`mKhpw hmNIhpw GsX¶nep

10

samcp \nebn¬ Cu GIoIrX hnjbtØmSp _‘s∏ńcn°pw. Ah AXns\ ]cnanXs∏SpØpItbm,

hniZoIcn°pItbm, hnimeam°pItbm, tNmZyw sNøpItbm sNøp∂p. icnbmb hymJym\Øn\p≈

Hcp bYm¿∞ Xmt°m¬, ss__nƒ {KŸØns‚ `mKambn´p≈ Hmtcm kmlnXy bqWn‰neqsSbpw D≈

bYm¿∞ FgpØpImcs‚ Nn¥sb JfinI˛{]Xn˛JfinIbmbn ]n¥pScpI F∂XmWv. B[p\nI

Cw•ojv ]cn`mjIsf XmcXayw sNbvXpsIm≠v AXp sNøphm≥ ]TnXmhns\ klmbn°p∂Xn\p cq]I

ev]\ sNbvXXmWv Cu ]T\, am¿§\n¿t±iI hymJym\w. Cu ]cn`mjIƒ Xncs™Sp°m≥ ImcWw

Ah hyXykvX ]cn`mjm kn≤m¥ßƒ {]tbmP\s∏SpØnbncn°p∂p F∂XmWv.

1. bpssW‰Uv ss__nƒ skmssk‰nbpsS {Ko°v ]Xn∏v ]cnjvIcn® \memw ]Xn∏mWv (UBS4).

B[p\nI thZ]pkvXI ]finX∑mcmWv JfinI Xncn®n´p≈Xv.

2. \yq InwKv Pbnwkv th¿j≥ (NKJV), sSIvÃkv dnk]v‰kv F∂ {Ko°v IsøgpØp ]mcºcyw

ASnÿm\am°nbp≈ ]Zm\p]Z B£cnI hnh¿Ø\amWv. AXns‚ JfinIm hn`P\w a‰p

]cn`mjItf°mƒ ssZ¿Lyap≈XmWv. B ssZ¿Lyap≈ LSIw GIoIrX hnjbßƒ a\ nem

°phm≥ ]TnXmhns\ klmbn°pw.

3. \yq dnsshkvUv Ãm≥tU¿Uv th¿j≥ (NRSV) ]cnjvIcn® ]Zm\p]Z ]cn`mjbmWv. Xmsgbp≈

c≠v B[p\nI ]cn`mjIƒ°nSbnep≈ Hcp XeØn¬ \n¬°p∂XmWnXv. AXns‚ JfinIm

hn`P\w, hnjbßƒ Xncn®dnbm≥ hfsc klmbIcamWv.

4. SpsUbvkv Cw•ojv th¿j≥ (TEV) bpssW‰Uv ss__nƒ skmssk‰n {]kn-≤o-I-cn® Hcp

ssU\anIv CIze‚ v ]cn`mjbmWv. B[p\nI hmb\°mc\v As√¶n¬ {]kwKI\v {Ko°v

]Xn∏ns‚ A¿∞w {Kln°m≥ klmbn°p∂ coXnbn¬ ss__nƒ ]cn`mjs∏SpØphm≥ {ian°p

IbmWXv. ]et∏mgpw, {]tXyIn®pw kphntijßfn¬, AXv JfinI hn`Pn°p∂Xv NIV bn¬

F∂ t]mse hnjbsØ°mfp]cn kw`mjIs‚ ASnÿm\ØnemWv. hymJymXmhns‚ Dt±iy

Øn\v CXp klmbIca√. USB4 Dw TEV bpw Htc Dt±iytØmsSbmWv {]kn≤oIcn°s∏´Xv

F∂Xv Xmev]cyP\IamWv. F¶nepw AhbpsS JfinIm hn`P\w hyXymkap≈XmWv.

5. \yq sPdpktew ss__nƒ (NJB) {^©v ItØmen°m ]cn`mj ASnÿm\am°nbp≈ ssU\anIv

CIze‚ v ]cn`mjbmWv. bqtdm]y≥ ImgvN∏mSn¬ \n∂p≈ JfinIm hn`P\Øn\v hfsc klmb

IcamWnXv.

6. ]T\Øn\p]tbmKn®ncn°p∂Xv 1995 se A]vtU‰Uv \yq Atacn°≥ Ãm≥tU¿Uv ss__nfmWv.

(NASB). AXv ]Zm\p]Z X¿÷abmWv. Cu JfinIm hn`P\Øn\\pkcn®mWv hmIy˛{]Xn˛

hmIy hymJym\w.

7. aebmfw ]cn`mjbn¬ D]tbmKn®ncn°p∂Xv ss__nƒ skmssk‰n Hm^v C¥y {]kn≤oIcn®

]gb ]Xn∏mWv (OV).

aq∂mw XXzw

aq∂mw XXzw, thZ]pkvXI hm°pIƒ°v AYhm {]tbmKßƒ°v D≠mbncn°m≥ km[yXbp≈

A¿∞ hym]vXn (skam‚nIv ô¬Uv) {Kln°p∂Xn\mbn hnhn[ ]cn`mjIƒ hmbn°pI F∂XmWv.

]et∏mgpw Hcp {Ko°v {]tbmKtam ]Ztam \nch[n \neIfn¬ a\ nem°phm≥ Ignbpw. Cu hyXykvX

]cn`mjIƒ Cu hn[w A¿∞Xeßƒ shfns∏SpØpIbpw {Ko°v IsøgpØp {]Xnbnse hyXymkßƒ

Xncn®dnbm\pw hniZoIcn°phm\pw klmbn°pIbpw sNøpw. CXv D]tZisØ _m[n°pIbn√. adn®v

bYm¿∞ ]pcmX\ FgpØpImc≥ tcJs∏SpØnb bYm¿∞ ]mTØnte°v aSßns®√p∂Xn\p {ian°p

hm≥ \sΩ klmbn°pw.

Xs‚ hymJym\ßsf ]cntim[n°p∂Xn\v Hcp Ffp∏hgn Cu hymJym\w ]TnXmhn\p \¬Ip∂p.

AXv IrXyambncn°m≥ Dt±in®p≈X√. adn®v hniZhnhcw \¬Ip∂Xn\pw Nn¥sb D±o]n∏n°p∂Xn\pw

th≠nbp≈XmWv. ]et∏mgpw a‰p km[yamb hymJym\ßƒ \sΩ k¶pNnX Nn¥mKXn°mcpw ISpw]nSp

Ø°mcpw k`mhn`mK Nn¥mKXn°mcpw BImXncn∏m≥ klmbn°pw. ]pcmX\ ]mTØn\v F{Xb[nIw

Zp¿{Klambncn°m≥ Ignbpw F∂p Xncn®dnbp∂Xn\p≈ hnimeamb hymJym\ km[yXIƒ hymJymXm

°ƒ°p≠mbncn°Ww. ss__nfns\ XßfpsS GI kXyt{kmX mbn AhImis∏Sp∂ {InkvXym\nIƒ

°nSbn¬t]mepw ]ckv]c [mcW C√ F∂Xv sRń∏n°p∂XmWv.

]pcmX\ ]mTßfpambn a√nSphm≥ Fs∂ t{]cn∏n°pI hgn Fs‚ Ncn{X]camb cq]s∏SpØens\

AXnPohn°p∂Xn\v Cu XXzßƒ Gsd klmbn®n´p≠v. AXp \nßƒ°pw A\p{KlambnØocpw

F∂mWv Fs‚ {]Xo£.

t_m_v D´ven

CuÃv sSIvkmkv _m]v‰nÃv bqWnthgvkn‰n

Pq¨, 27, 1996

11

DØa ss__nƒ ]mcmbWØn\v Hcp am¿§Z¿in:

sXfnbn°s∏Smhp∂ kXyØn\pth≠nbp≈

Hcp hy‡n]camb At\zjWw

\ap°p kXyw Adnbm≥ Ignbptam? AXns\ FhnsS Is≠Ømw? bp‡n]cambn AXns\ hnebncp

Ømtam? Hcp AXy¥nI B[nImcw Fs∂m∂pt≠m? \ΩpsS PohnXßƒ°v, \ΩpsS temIØn\v hgnIm

´m≥ Ignbp∂ BXy¥nI kXyßfpt≠m? PohnXØn\v A¿∞apt≠m? \mw Ftßm´mWp k©cn°p∂

Xv? Cu tNmZyßƒ ˛ _p≤nbp≈ kIe a\pjycpw a\\w sNøp∂ tNmZyßƒ ˛ Imemcw`w apX¬

a\pjy_p≤nsb th´bmSns°m≠ncn°p∂p (k`m. 1:13˛18; 3:9-˛11). Fs‚ PohnXØns‚ Hcp ka{K tI{μ

Øn\pth≠nbp≈ Fs‚ hy‡n]camb At\zjWw Rm≥ Hm¿°p∂p. Fs‚ IpSpw_ßfn¬ {][m\s∏´

NnecpsS km£yØneqsS sNdp{]mbØn¬ Xs∂ Rm≥ Hcp {InkvXphnizmknbmbn Xo¿∂p. Rm≥

hf¿∂ph∂t∏mƒ Fs∂°pdn®pw Fs‚ temIsØ°pdn®pap≈ tNmZyßfpw hf¿∂p. Rm≥ hmbn®dnbpI

bpw A`napJoIcn°pIbpw sNbvX A\p`hßƒ°v A¿∞w \¬Iphm≥ efnXamb kmwkvImcnIhpw

aX]chpamb ]d™p ]gInb DØcßƒ°p Ign™n√. AXv Bib°pg∏Øns‚bpw At\zjW

Øns‚bpw B{KlßfpsSbpw ]et∏mgpw Rm≥ Pohn°p∂ hnImciq\yhpw ITn\hpamb temIØn¬

\n lmbXbpsSbpw ImeL´ambncp∂p.

Cu BXy¥nI tNmZyßƒ°v DØcaps≠∂v ]ecpw AhImis∏´n´ps≠¶nepw At\zjWßƒ°pw

hnebncpØepIƒ°psamSphn¬, AhcpsS DØcßƒ (1) hy‡n]camb XXz imkv{XßfpsSbpw (2)

]pcmX\ sI´pIYIfpsSbpw (3) hy‡n]camb A\p`hßfpsSbpw (4) a\ximkv{X]camb Bkq{XWß

fpsSbpw ASnÿm\Ønep≈hbmsW∂p Rm≥ Is≠Øn. F\n°v Hcfhnep≈ hnebncpØ¬, Nne

sXfnhpIƒ, Fs‚ temI ho£Whpw B¿÷h tI{μhpw Pohn°m\p≈ ImcWhpw ASnÿm\anSp∂

Xn\v Nne ImcyImcWßƒ th≠nbncp∂p.

Cu Imcyßƒ Rm≥ Fs‚ ss__nƒ ]T\Øn¬ Is≠Øn. AXns‚ hnizmkobXbv°v sXfnhpIƒ

Rm≥ At\zjn°m\mcw`n®p. AXp Rm≥ Is≠ØnbXv: (1) ss__nfns‚ Ncn{X]camb hnizmkobX

]pcmhkvXp KthjWßfm¬ sXfnbn°s∏´Xv, (2) ]gb \nba {]hN\ßfpsS IrXyX, (3) 1600 ¬∏cw

h¿jßƒsIm≠v FgpXs∏´ thZ]pkvXI ktμißfpsS sFIyX; (4) ss__nfpambn _‘s∏´XneqsS

PohnXØn\v kaqe ]cnh¿Ø\w kw`hn®hcpsS km£yßƒ F∂nhbneqsSbmWv. {InkvXym\nXzw

hnizmkØn\pw A\pjvTm\Øn\pap≈ Hcp GIoIrX kwhn[m\sa∂ \nebn¬ a\pjyPohnXØnse

k¶o¿Æamb tNmZyßƒ°v DØcw \¬Im≥ Ignhp≠v. CXv Hcp bp‡nklamb N´°qSv \¬Ip∂psh∂p

am{Xa√, thZ]pkvXI hnizmkØns‚ A\p`hthZyamb hiw F\n°v sshImcnI kt¥mjhpw ÿncX

bpw \¬IpIbpw sNøp∂p.

Fs‚ PohnXØns‚ ka{Kamb tI{μw Rm≥ Is≠Ønsb∂p Rm≥ Nn¥n®p. AXmbXv Xncpshgp

ØpIfneqsS {Kln°mhp∂ {InkvXp. AsXmcp _p≤n]camb A\p`hhpw Hcp sshImcnI hnSpXep

ambncp∂p. F∂ncp∂mepw Cu ]pkvXIØns‚ F{Xb[nIw hyXykvXamb hymJym\ßƒ \nehnep

s≠∂p≈ ˛ an°t∏mgpw Htc k`bv°pw Htc Bibap≈ {]ÿm\ßƒ°pw D≈n¬ Xs∂ ˛ Adnhv

F\n°p≠mbt∏mƒ F\n°p≠mb sR´¬ Rm≥ Ct∏mgptam¿°p∂p. ss__nfns‚ ssZh\nizm

kobXbpw hnizmkobXpw Dd∏n°p∂Xv Ahkm\a√, Bcw`w am{XamWv. ss__nfns‚ B[nIcnIXbpw

hnizmkobXbpw AhImis∏Sp∂h¿ Xs∂ XncpshgpØnse {]bmkIcamb `mKyßƒ°v \¬Ip∂

hn`n∂hpw ]ckv]c hncp≤hpamb hymJym\ßsf Rms\ßs\ hnebncpØpIbpw XnckvIcn°pIbpw

sNøpw?

Cu ZuXyw Fs‚ PohnXe£yhpw hnizmk Xo¿∞mS\hpambnØo¿∂p. {InkvXphnep≈ Fs‚

hnizmkw (1) henb kam[m\hpw kt¥mjhpw F\n°p \¬In. Fs‚ kwkvImcØns‚ (AXy¥m

[p\nIw) At]£nIX (2) ]ckv]cw t]mcSn°p∂ aXkwhn[m\Øns‚ (temIaXßƒ) ISpw]nSp Øw;

(3) k`m]camb tN¿®bn√mbva F∂nhbpsS a[yØn¬ Nne BXy¥nI kXyßƒ°mbn Fs‚ a\ v

hmRvOn®p. ]pcmX\ kmlnXyØns‚ hymJym\Øn\pXIp∂ hnebp≈ kao]\ßƒ°mbp≈ Fs‚

At\zjWØn¬, Rm≥ Fs‚ kz¥w Ncn{X]chpw, kmwkvImcnIhpw k`mhn`mKobXm]chpw A\p`h]c

hpamb ap≥hn[nIƒ I≠v A¤pXs∏´pt]mbn. Rm≥ ]et∏mgpw Fs‚ kz¥w ho£Wßsf i‡ns∏Sp

Øm\mWv ss__nƒ hmbn®ncp∂Xv. Fs‚ kz¥w Ac£nXmhÿsbbpw A]cym]vXXIsfbpw Dd∏n®p

sIm≠v a‰p≈hsc B{Ian°p∂Xn\p≈ {]amWambn Rm\Xns\ D]tbmKn®p. Cu Xncn®dnhv F\ns°{X

thZ\mP\Iambncps∂t∂m?

12

kºq¿Æambn F\n°v hkvXp\njvTamIm≥ Ign™ns√¶nepw F\n°v ss__nfns‚ Hcp \√

hmb\°mc\mIm≥ Ignbpambncp∂p. Fs‚ ap≥hn[nIsf Xncn®dnbpIbpw AhbpsS km∂n[yw

AwKoIcn°pIbpw sNøp∂XneqsS Ahsb ]cnanXs∏SpØm≥ F\n°p Ignbpw. C\nbpw Rm≥ Ahbn¬

\n∂pw kzX{¥\mbnń√. F¶nepw Fs‚ _elo\Xsb Rm≥ t\cn´p Ign™p. hymJymXmhv ]et∏mgpw

\√ thZ]pkvXI hmb\bpsS G‰hpw henb i{Xphmbncn°pw!

Fs‚ ss__nƒ ]T\Ønte°v Rm≥ sIm≠ph∂ Nne ap≥[mcWIƒ Rm\nhnsS FgpXp∂p.

\nßƒ°pw Ft∂msSm∏w Ah ]cntim[n°m≥ AXp klmbIamIpw.

I. ap≥[mcWIƒ

A. ss__nƒ am{XamWv GI kXyssZhØns‚ ssZhizmkob kzb˛shfn∏mSv F∂p Rm≥ hnizkn

°p∂p. AXpsIm≠v Hcp {]tXyI ]›mØeØn¬ Hcp am\pjnI FgpØpImc\neqsS cN\

\n¿hln® bYm¿∞ ssZhnI FgpØpImcs‚ (]cnip≤mflmhv) Dt±iyØns‚ shfn®Øn¬

AXp hymJym\n°s∏SWw.

B. ss__nƒ km[mcW P\Øn\pth≠n ˛ kIe a\pjy¿°pw th≠n ˛ FgpXnbXmsW∂p Rm≥

hnizkn°p∂p! \tΩmSp hy‡ambn kwkmcn°p∂Xn\mbn ssZhw Xs∂Øs∂ Hcp Ncn{X]chpw

kmwkvImcnIhpamb ]›mØeØn¬ HXp°n \n¿Øn. ssZhw kXysØ ad®p hbv°p∂n√.

\mw {Kln°Wsa∂h\m{Kln°p∂p. AXn\m¬ AXv \ΩpsS ImeL´Øns‚ shfn®Øn¬

hymJym\n°s∏tSWw. ss__nƒ BZyw hmbn°pItbm tIƒ°pItbm sNbvXh¿°v AXv

GX¿∞Øn¬ a\ nemtbm AtX A¿∞Øn¬ thWw \mapw a\ nem°m≥. AXv km[mcW

a\pjya\ pIƒ°v a\ nemIp∂Xpw km[mcW am\pjnI Bibhn\nab coXnIfpw kmt¶X

ßfpw D]tbmKn°p∂XpamWv.

C. ss__nfn\v Hcp GIoIrX ktμihpw Dt±iyhpw Ds≠∂p Rm≥ hnizkn°p∂p. AXn¬

{]bmktadnbXpw sshcp≤yap≈Xpamb `mKßfps≠¶nepw AXv ]ckv]c hncp≤a√. AXp

sIm≠v ss__nfns‚ G‰hpw anI® hymJymXmhv ss__nƒ Xs∂bmWv.

D. Hmtcm thZ`mKØn\pw ({]hN\w HgnsI) bYm¿∞ ssZh\nizmkob FgpØpImcs‚ Dt±iy

Øns‚ ASnÿm\Øn¬, Hcp A¿∞w, Hscm‰ A¿∞w, am{Xta D≈q F∂p Rm≥ hnizkn°p∂p.

bYm¿∞ FgpØpImcs‚ Dt±iysØ°pdn®p IrXyambn \mw a\ nem°n F∂p \aps°mcn°epw

Dd∏n°m≥ IgnbpIbns√¶nepw ]e sXfnhpIfpw CXnte°p hnc¬ Nq≠p∂Xmbp≠v.

1. ktμisØ shfns∏SpØm≥ Xncs™SpØ kmlnXycq]w

2. FgpØn\p t{]cW \¬Inb Ncn{X ]›mØew/AYhm {]tXyI kμ¿`w

3. apgph≥ {KŸØns‚bpw H∏w Hmtcm kmlnXy LSIØns‚bpw kmlnXy kμ¿`w

4. apgp ktμitØmSpw _‘s∏ńcn°p∂ kmlnXy LSIØns‚ ]mT cq]Iev]\ (cq]tcJ)

5. ktμiw hn\nabw sNøp∂Xn\p]tbmKn® {]tXyI hymIcW khntijXIƒ

6. ktμiw hn\nabw sNøp∂Xn\p Xncs™SpØ ]Zßƒ

7. kam¥c thZ`mKßƒ

Cu Hmtcm taJeIsfbpw Ipdn®p≈ \ΩpsS ]T\w, Hcp thZ`mKØns‚ ]T\Øn¬ \ΩpsS e£y

ambnØocp∂p. \√ thZ]pkvXI hmb\bv°p≈ Fs‚ coXn Rm≥ hnhcn°p∂Xn\v apºv, C∂v D]tbmKn

®pImWp∂Xpw hymJym\Øn¬ [mcmfw sshcp[yw DfhmIm≥ ImcWamIp∂Xpw AXpsIm≠p Xs∂

Hgnhmt°≠Xpamb A\ptbmPya√mØ coXnIƒ ]d™p hbv°m≥ Rm\m{Kln°p∂p.

II. A\ptbmPya√mØ coXnIƒ

A. ss__nƒ {KŸßfpsS kmlnXy kμ¿`w AhKWn®v, FgpØpImcs‚ Dt±iytØmtSm

hnimeamb kμ¿`tØmtSm _‘an√msX Hmtcm hmNIhpw hmIy`mKhpw Hmtcm hm°pw kXy

{]kvXmh\ F∂ \nebn¬ hymJym\n°p∂Xv. CXns\ ]et∏mgpw ""hmIysØfnhv Is≠Ø¬''

F∂p hnfn°mdp≠v.

B. ]pkvXIØns‚ Ncn{X ]›mØew AhKWn®v ]mTØns‚ bmsXmcp ]n¥pWbpw C√mØtXm

Aev]wam{Xw D≈tXm Bb A\pam\ Ncn{X ]›mØew ]Icw D]tbmKn°p∂Xv.

C. ]pkvXIØns‚ Ncn{X ]›mØew AhKWn®v B[p\nI hy‡nKX {InkvXym\ns°gpXnbsX∂

ań¬ {]`mXØnse h¿Øam\ ]{Xw t]mse hmbn°p∂Xv.

D. ]pkvXIØns‚ Ncn{X]camb ]›mØew AhKWn®v, BZysØ tIgvhn°mtcm bYm¿∞

FgpØpImct\m A¿∞am°mØ XXzimkv{X]chpw/ssZhimkv{X]chpamb A¿∞w e`n°p

amdv Be¶mcnI hymJym\w \SØp∂Xv.

E. bYm¿∞ ktμisØ AhKWn®v bYm¿∞ FgpØpImcs‚ Dt±iyw, ]pkvXIØns‚ ktμiw,

F∂nhbpambn Hcp _‘an√msX Hcphs‚ kz¥w ssZhimkv{Xw, CjvS D]tZiw, As√¶n¬

13

kaImenI hnjbßƒ F∂nh ]Icw hbv°p∂Xv. Cu {]Xn`mksØ XpS¿∂v ]et∏mgpw I≠p

hcp∂Xv Hcp {]kwKIs‚ A[nImcw ÿm]n°p∂Xn\mbn Hcp thZ`mKw hmbn°pI F∂XmWv.

CXns\ ""hmb\°mcs‚ {]XnIcWw'' (thZ`mKw ˛ Fs∂ kw_‘n®v ˛ F¥v A¿∞am°p∂p''

hymJym\w) F∂p hnfn°mdp≠v.

kIe FgpXs∏´ am\pjnI Bib hn\nabØnepw ]ckv]cw _‘nXamb Ipd™Xv aq∂v LSIßƒ

ASßnbn´p≠v.

bYm¿∞

kzoI¿

Øm°ƒ

bYm¿∞

FgpØpImcs‚

Dt±iyw

FgpXs∏´

]mTw

]gbImeØv, hyXykvX hmb\m kt¶Xßƒ aq∂v LSIßfn¬ H∂n¬ tI{μoIcn°s∏ńcp∂p.

F∂m¬ ss__nfns‚ \nkvXpeamb ssZh\nizmkobX Dd∏n°m≥, IqSpX¬ ]cnjvIcn® Hcp Nn{Xw

IqSpX¬ klbIcamIpw.

kXyØn¬ Cu aq∂p LSIßfpw hymJym\{]{Inbbn¬ Dƒs∏SpØs∏tSWw. hnebncpØens‚

Dt±iyØn\mbn Fs‚ hymJym\w BZysØ c≠p LSIßfnemWv {i≤bq∂p∂Xv: bYm¿∞ FgpØp

Imc\pw FgpXs∏´ thZ`mKhpw. Rm≥ \nco£n® Zpcp]tbmKØns\Xncmbn´mWv Rm≥ {]XnIcn°p∂Xv,

(1) thZ`mKsØ Be¶mcnIam°pI AYhm BflobhXvIcn°pI, (2) ""hmb\°mcs‚ {]XnIcW''

hymJym\w (AsX\n°v˛F¥v˛A¿∞am°p∂p). Hmtcm L´Ønepw Zpcp]tbmKw kw`hn°p∂p≠v. \mw

F√mbvt∏mgpw \ΩpsS t{]cWIƒ, ap≥[mcWIƒ, kt¶Xßƒ, {]mtbmKnIXIƒ F∂nh ]cntim[n

t°Ww. hymJym\Øn\v HcXncpw, Hcp ]cnanXnbpw Hcp am\Zfihpans√¶n¬ \msaßs\ Ahsb ]cntim

[n°pw? ChnsSbmWv FgpØpImcs‚ Dt±iyhpw thZ`mKØns‚ LS\bpw, km[yamb aqeyhØmb

hymJym\Øns‚ hym]vXnsb ]cnanXs∏SpØp∂Xn\mbn Nne am\Zfißƒ F\n°p \¬Ip∂Xv.

Cu A\ptbmPya√mØ hmb\m kt¶XßfpsS shfn®Øn¬ icnbmb thZ]pkvXI hmb\bv°pw,

hnebncpØepw ÿncXbpw Hcfhphsc {]Zm\w sNøp∂ hymJym\Øn\pw klmbIcamb Nne

kao]\ßƒ Fs¥√mamWv?

III. \√ thZ]pkvXI hmb\bv°v km[yamb kao]\w

Cu L´Øn¬ Rm≥ N¿® sNøp∂Xv {]tXyI kmlnXycq]ßƒ hymJym\n°p∂Xn\p≈ {]tXyI

kt¶Xßsf°pdn®√, adn®v thZ]pkvXIØnse F√mØcØnepap≈ kmlnXycq]ßƒ°p _m[Iamb

s]mXp hymJm\ XXzßsf°pdn®mWv. kmlnXy coXn°p≈ {]tXyI hymJym\ kao]\w kw_‘n®p≈

Hcp \√ {KŸamWv tKm¿U≥ ^nbpw U•kv Ãphm¿´pw FgpXn tkm≠¿h≥ {]kn≤oIcn® How toRead the Bible for All Its Worth.

Fs‚ coXn imkv{Xw {]mcwàmbn {i≤ tI{μoIcn°p∂Xv \mep hy‡nKX hmb\mN{IØneqsS

ss__nfns\ {]Imin∏n°phm≥ ]cnip≤mflmhns\ A\phZn°p∂XnemWv. CXv Bflmhns\bpw

thZ`mKsØbpw hmb\°mcs\bpw c≠mw Xc°mcmbn´√, H∂mw Xc°mcmbn \ne-\n¿Øp-∂p. CXv hmb-

\-°m-cs\ A\m-h-iy-ambn hymJymXm°fm¬ kzm[o\n°s∏Sp∂Xn¬ \n∂pw kwc£n°p∂p. ""ss__nƒ

hymJym\ {KŸßfpsS ta¬ Gsd shfn®w hnXdp∂p'' F∂p ]d™p tIń´p≠v. CXv ]T\ klmbnIsf

hneIpd®p ImWn°p∂ Hc`n{]mba√, adn®v AhbpsS D]tbmKØn\p≈ tbmKyamb kabØn\pth≠n

bp≈ At]£bmWv.

\ΩpsS hymJym\ßsf thZ`mKØp \n∂p Xs∂ ]n¥pWbv°phm≥ \ap°p Ign™ncn°Ww. aq∂p

taJeIƒ Ipd™ ]£w ]cnanXamb hnebncpØse¶nepw {]Zm\w sNøp∂p.

]cnip

≤mflmhv

IsøgpØp

{]Xn

hyXymkßƒ

]n¬°me

hnizmknIƒ

bYm¿∞

kzoI¿

Øm°ƒ

FgpXs∏´

]mTw

bYm¿∞

FgpØpImcs‚

Dt±iyw

14

1. bYm¿∞ FgpØpImcs‚

a. Ncn{X ]›mØew

b. kmlnXy]camb kμ¿`w

c. kmlnXy cq]w

2. bYm¿∞ Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚ Xnc-s™-Sp∏v

a. hymI-cW LS-\-Iƒ

b. ka-Im-enI IrXn-I-fnse D]-tbmKw

c. kmlnXy cq]w

3. {]mtbmKnIX kw_‘n® \ΩpsS Adnhv

a. {]k‡ kam¥c thZ`mKßƒ

b. D]tZißƒ XΩnep≈ _‘w (sshcp≤yw)

\ΩpsS hymJym\Øn\p ]n∂nep≈ ImcWßfpw bp‡nbpw ]dbphm≥ \ap°p IgntbWw. hnizmk

Øn\pw BNcWØn\pap≈ \ΩpsS GI DdhnSamWv ss__nƒ. ZpxJIcsa∂p ]dbs´, {InkvXym\nIƒ

]et∏mgpw AsX¥mWp ]Tn∏n°p∂sX∂pw Du∂n∏dbp∂sX∂pw D≈Xns\ kw_‘n®v GIm`n{]mb

°mc√. thZ]pkvXIØns‚ ssZhizmkobX AhImis∏SpIbpw sNøp∂sX∂ ImcyØn¬ sFIyX

bn¬ FØm≥ IgnbmXncn°pIbpw sNøp∂Xv kzbw˛]cmPbs∏SpØp∂Xn\p XpeyamWv.

XpS¿∂v hcp∂ hymJym\ Dƒ°mgvNIƒ \¬Ip∂ \mep hmb\m BhrØn cq]s∏SpØnbncn°p∂p.

A. H∂mw hmb\m BhrØn

1. H‰bncp∏n¬ ]pkvXIw hmbn°pI. XnI®pw hyXykvXamb ]cn`mjm kn≤m¥ap]tbmKn°p∂

hyXykvXamb ]cn`mjbn¬ ho≠pw hmbn°pI.

a. ]Zm\p]Zw (NKJV, NASB, NRSV)b. ssU\anIv CIze‚ v (TEV, JB)c. kw{Klw (enhnwKv ss__nƒ, Bwπnss^Uv ss__nƒ)

2. apgp{KŸØns‚bpw tI{μ Dt±iyw tXSpI. hnjbw Xncn®dnbpI.

3. tI{μ Dt±iyw As√¶n¬ hnjbw hy‡ambn shfns∏SpØp∂ Hcp kmlnXyLSIw, Hcp

A[ymbw, Hcp JfinI, As√¶n¬ Hcp hmIyw th¿Xncns®Sp°pI.

4. ap∂n´p \n¬°p∂ kmlnXycq]w Xncn®dnbpI

a. ]gb \nbaw

(1) F{_mb hnhcWw

(2) F{_mb Imhyw (⁄m\ kmlnXyw, k¶o¿Ø\w)

(3) F{_mb {]hN\w (KZyw, Imhyw)

(4) \nba kwlnX

b. ]pXnb \nbaw

(1) hnhcWßƒ (kphntijßƒ, As∏m-kvXe {]hrØnIƒ)

(2) D]aIƒ (kphntijßƒ)

(3) FgpØpIƒ/teJ\ßƒ

(4) shfn∏mSp kmlnXyw

B. c≠mw hmb\m BhrØn

1. apgp{KŸhpw ho≠pw hmbn°pI, {][m\ hnjbßƒ Is≠Øm≥ {ian°pI.

2. {][m\ hnjbßƒ°v cq]tcJ Xømdm°pIbpw AhbpsS D≈S°w efnXamb {]kvXmh\

Ifn¬ tcJs∏SpØpIbpw sNøpI.

3. \nßfpsS Dt±iy {]kvXmh\bpw hnime cq]tcJbpw ]T\ klmbnbpambn HØpt\m°pI.

C. aq∂mw hmb\m BhrØn

1. apgp{KŸhpw ho≠pw hmbn°pI, ]pkvXIØn¬ \n∂p Xs∂ cN\bnte°p \bn® Ncn{X

]›mØehpw {]tXyI kμ¿`hpw Is≠ØpI.

2. thZ]pkvXI {KŸØn¬ ]cma¿in®n´p≈ Ncn{X LSIßƒ tcJs∏SpØpI.

a. FgpØpImc≥

b. FgpXnb Imew

c. kzoI¿Øm°ƒ

d. FgpXm\p≈ {]tXyI ImcWw

e. cNt\mt±iyhpambn _‘s∏´ kmwkvImcnI ]›mØeØns‚ hißƒ

f. Ncn{X BfpIfpsSbpw kw`hßfpsSbpw ]cma¿iw

3. \nßƒ hymJym\n°p∂ thZ]pkvXI{KŸØns‚ B `mKØns‚ JfinIm \nehmcØn

15

ep≈ cq]tcJ Xømdm°pI. F√mbvt∏mgpw kmlnXy LSIw Xncn®dn™pthWw cq]tcJ

Xømdm°m≥. CsXmcp ]t£ At\I A[ymbßtfm JfinIItfm ImWpw. CXv bYm¿∞

FgpØpImcs‚ bp‡nbpw ]mTcq]Iev]\bpw ]n¥pScphm≥ \nßsf klmbn°pw.

4. ]T\ klmbnIƒ D]tbmKn®v \nßƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ønb Ncn{X ]›mØew ]cntim[n°pI

D. \memw hmb\m BhrØn

1. ho≠pw \nch[n ]cn`mjIfn¬ {]tXyI kmlnXy LSIw hmbn°pI.

a. ]Zm\p]Zw (NKJV, NASB, NRSV)b. ssU\anIv CIze‚ v (TEV, JB)c. kw{Klw (enhnwKv ss__nƒ, BwπnssÛv ss__nƒ)

2. kmlnXy AYhm hymIcW LS\Iƒ {i≤n°pI.

a. Bh¿Øn°p∂ {]tbmKßƒ, Fs^. 1:6, 12, 13)

b. Bh¿Øn°p∂ hymIcW LSIßƒ, tdma. 8:31

c. hncp≤ Bibßƒ

3. Xmsg°mWp∂ Imcyßƒ tcJs∏SpØpI

a. {]m[m\yap≈ ]Zßƒ

b. Akm[mcW ]Zßƒ

c. kp{][m\ hymIcW LS\Iƒ

d. {]tXyIambn {]bmkap≈ hm°pIƒ, hmIy`mKßƒ, hmNIßƒ

4. {]k‡amb kam¥c `mKßƒ At\zjn°pI

a. Xmsg∏dbp∂h D]tbmKn®v XßfpsS hnjbsØ kw_‘n®v hy‡ambn ]Tn∏n°p∂

`mKßƒ t\m°pI.

(1) ""hyhÿm]nX ssZhimkv{X'' {KŸßƒ

(2) d^d≥kv ss__nfpIƒ

(3) I¨tImU≥kpIƒ

b. \nßfpsS hnjbØn\p≈n¬ km[yXbp≈ hncp≤ tPmUnIƒ Is≠ØpI. At\I

thZ]pkvXI kXyßfpw hncp≤tPmUnIfmbn´mWv AhXcn∏n°s∏ńcn°p∂Xv: CØcw

thZ]pkvX kwL¿jßsf hmIysØfnhmbn FSp°p∂Xn¬ \n∂mWv At\I k`m

hn`mK n∂XIfpw D≠mbn´p≈Xv. thZ]pkvXIw apgph\pw ssZh\nimkobamWv. \ΩpsS

hymJym\Øn\v XncpshgpØSnÿm\Ønep≈ k¥pe\w \¬Ip∂Xn\v \mw AXns‚

]q¿Æamb ktμiw Is≠tØ≠XmWv.

c. AtX ]pkvXIØn¬ AtX FgpØpImc\n¬ As√¶n¬ AtX kmlnXycq]Øn¬

D≈ kam¥cßƒ Is≠ØpI; thZ]pkvXIØns‚ FgpØpImc≥ Hscm‰ hy‡n˛

]cnip≤mflmhv˛ BIbm¬ ss__nƒ Xs∂bmWv AXns‚ G‰hpw \√ hymJymXmhv.

5. Ncn{X ]›mØehpw kμ¿`hpw kw_‘n® \nßfpsS \nco£Wßƒ ]cntim[n°phm≥

]T\ klmbnIƒ D]tbmKn°pI

a. ]T\ ss__nfpIƒ

b. ss__nƒ F≥sskt¢m]oUnbIƒ, lm≥Uv _p°pIƒ, Un£vWdnIƒ

c. thZ]pkvXI {]thinIIƒ

d. ss__nƒ Ia‚dnIƒ (Cu L´Øn¬ \nßfpsS hy‡n]camb ]T\sØ klmbn°p

hm\pw XncpØphm\pw apºpw Ct∏mgpap≈ hnizmk kaqlsØ A\phZn°pI)

IV. thZ]pkvXI hymJym\Øns‚ {]mtbmKnIX

Cu L´Øn¬ \mw {]mtbmKnIXbnte°p IS°pIbmWv. thZ`mKsØ AXns‚ bYm¿∞ ]›mØ

eØn¬ a\ nem°phm≥ \nßƒ kabw FSpØp. C\n \nßfXp \nßfpsS PohnXØn¬ \nßfpsS

kwkvImcØn¬ {]mtbmKnIam°Ww. ""bYm¿∞ thZ]pkvXI FgpØpImc≥ Xs‚ ImeL´tØmSp

kwkmcn® Imcyw a\ nem°n B kXyw \ΩpsS ImeL´tØmSp kwkmcn°p∂XmWv'' thZ]pkvXI

A[nImcw F∂mWv Fs‚ \n¿hN\w.

kabØnepw bp‡nbnepw bYm¿∞ FgpØpImcs‚ Dt±iyØns‚ hymJym\sØ XpS¿∂v {]mtbm

KnIX D≠mbncn°Ww. Hcp thZ`mKw AXns‚ ImeL´tØmSv F¥mWp kwkmcn®sX∂p a\ nem

°msX AXns\ \ΩpsS ImeL´Øn¬ {]mtbmKnIam°phm≥ \ap°p IgnbpIbn√. Hcp thZ`mKØn\v

AXns\mcn°epw D≠mbnń√mØ Hcp A¿∞w Ct∏mgp≠mIpI km[ya√.

JfinIm XeØnte°p≈ (hmb\m BhrØn 3) \nßfpsS hniZamb cq]tcJbmWv \nßfpsS

am¿§Z¿in. {]mtbmKnIX ]Z XeØne√, JfinIm XeØnemWv cq]s∏SptØ≠Xv. kμ¿`mSnÿm\

Øn¬ am{Xta hm°pIƒ°v A¿∞ap≈q. hmIy mKßƒ°pw kμ¿`mSnÿm\Øn¬ am{Xta A¿∞ap≈q;

hmNIßƒ°pw kμ¿`mSnÿm\Øn¬ am{Xta A¿∞ap≈q. hymJym\ {]{Inbbn¬ CSs]Sp∂ GI

16

ssZh\nizmkob hy‡n bYm¿∞ FgpØpImc≥ am{XamWv. Ah≥ \bn°p∂nStØ°v ]cnip≤mflm

hns‚ {]Imi\Øm¬ am{Xw \mw ]n¥pStcWw. F∂m¬ {]Imi\w ssZh\nizmkobX A√. ""btlmh

C{]Imcw Acpfns®øp∂p'' F∂p ]dbWsa¶n¬ \mw bYm¿∞ FgpØpImcs‚ Dt±iyØn¬ \n¬

t°Ww. {]mtbmKnIX, hy‡ambpw apgph≥ thZ`mKØns‚bpw, {]tXyI kmlnXy LSIØns‚bpw

JfinImXeØnep≈ Bib hnImkØns‚bpw _‘Ønembncn°Ww.

\ΩpsS ImeL´Ønse hnjbßƒ ss__nfns\ hymJym\n°phm≥ A\phZn°cpXv. ss__nƒ

kwkmcn°s´. CXn\v \mw thZ`mKØn¬ \n∂pw XXzßƒ Is≠ØWw. thZ`mKw XXzsØ ]n¥pW

bv°p∂psh¶n¬ AXv hnebp≈XmWv. \n¿`mKyhim¬ an°t∏mgpw \ΩpsS XXzßƒ ""\ΩpsS'' XXzßƒ

˛ thZ`mKØns‚ XXzßƒ A√ ˛ Bbn amdmdp≠v.

ss__nƒ {]mtbmKnIam°ptºmƒ, Hscm‰ A¿∞w am{Xta thZ`mKsØ kw_‘n®v km[pXbp≈q

({]hN\ØnsemgnsI) F∂ Imcyw \mw Hm¿Øncnt°Ww. B A¿∞w, bYm¿∞ FgpØpImc≥ Xs‚

ImesØ Hcp {]Xnk‘ntbmSv AYhm BhiytØmSv {]XnIcn°ptºmƒ DfhmIp∂ Dt±iytØmSp

_‘s∏´Xmbncn°pw. Cu Hscm‰ A¿∞Øn¬ \n∂v At\I {]mtbmKnIXIƒ DcpØncnbm≥

km[yXbp≠v. {]mtbmKnIX kzoI¿Ømhns‚ BhiyØn\Snÿm\s∏´Xmbncn°psa¶nepw AXv

bYm¿∞ FgpØpImcs‚ A¿∞hpambn _‘s∏´Xmbncnt°Ww.

V. hymJym\Øns‚ BflnI hcw

CXphscbpw Rm≥ N¿® sNbvXXv hymJym\Ønepw {]mtbmKnXIbnepw Dƒs°m≠ncn°p∂

bp‡n]chpw ]mT]chpamb {]{Inbsb°pdn®mbncp∂p. C\n hymJym\Øns‚ BflnI hisØ°pdn®v

lrkzambn Nn¥n°mw. Fs∂ kw_‘n®v Xmsg∏dpb∂ Imcyßƒ klmbIamWv.

A. Bflmhns‚ klmbØn\mbn {]m¿∞n°pI (H.t\m. 1 sImcn. 1:26˛2:16)

B. hy‡n]camb ]m]tamN\Øn\pw Adnhp≈ ]m]Øn¬ \n∂p≈ hnSpXen\mbpw {]m¿∞n°pI

(H.t\m. 1 tbml. 1:9)

C. ssZhsØ Adnbp∂Xn\p≈ h¿≤n® B{KlØn\mbn {]m¿∞n°pI (H.t\m. k¶o. 19:1˛14; 42:1

apX¬; 119:1 apX¬)

D. GXp ]pXnb Dƒ°mgvNbpw DS≥ \nßfpsS PohnXØn¬ {]mtbmKnIam°pI

E. Xmgvabpw ]Tn∏n°s∏Sm\p≈ a\ pw D≈hcmbncn°pI

bp‡n]camb {]{Inbbpw ]cnip≤mflmhns‚ BflnI t\XrXzhpw XΩnep≈ k¥pe\w kq£n

°pI hfsc {]bmkamWv. CXp c≠pw k¥pe\s∏SpØphm≥ Xmsgs°mSpØncn°p∂ D≤cWnIƒ

Fs∂ klmbn®n´p≠v.

A. Pbnwkv Uªyq. sskdns‚ kv{In]vNz¿ SznÃnwKv, t]. 17˛18

""{]Imi\w ssZhP\Øns‚ a\ nemWp hcp∂Xv ˛ BflntIm∂Xnbn¬ \ne\n¬°p∂h¿

°√. thZ]pkvXI {InkvXym\nXzØn¬ "Kpcp' IpeØn¬ s]´hcn√, {]tXyI {]Imi\w D≈h

cn√. kIe hymJym\hpw IS∂phtc≠XcØn¬ s]´ {]tXyI P\hn`mKhpan√. AXpsIm≠v

]cnip≤mflmhv ⁄m\w, Adnhv, BflnI hnthN\w F∂nhbv°p≈ {]tXyI hcßƒ \¬Ip

tºmƒ Ah≥ Cu hc{]m]vXcmb hnizmknIsf Xs‚ hN\w hymJym\n°p∂Xn\p≈ GI

B[nImcnI hymJymXm°fmbn \nban°pIb√ sNøp∂Xv. AXn\m¬ ssZhhN\w ]Tn°phm\pw

AXns‚ ASnÿm\Øn¬ hn[n°phm\pw hnthNn°phm\pap≈ DØchmZnXzw Ahs‚ P\Øn¬

HmtcmcpØ¿°pw, ssZhw {]tXyI hcßƒ \¬Is∏´n´p≈h¿°pt]mepw, D≈XmWv. Npcp°

Øn¬ Cu ]pkvXIØn¬ DS\ofw Rm≥ \SØnbn´p≈ \nKa\w, ss__nƒ kIe a\pjy¿°p

ap≈ ssZhØns‚ kXyshfn∏mSpw, AXp kwkmcn°p∂ kIe hnjbßsf kw_‘n®p≈

\ΩpsS BXy¥nI A[nImchpw, AsXmcp kºq¿Æ I¿Ωa√, adn®v F√m kwkvImcßfnepap≈

km[mcW P\Øn\v \∂mbn a\ nem°m≥ Ignbp∂XpamWv F∂ hkvXpXmWv.''

B. _¿WmUv dmans‚ s{]m´Ã‚ v _nªn°¬ C‚¿{]t´j≥, t]. 75 ¬ In¿s°KmUns\°pdn®v

]d™ncn°p∂Xv:

In¿s°KmUv ]d™ncn°p∂Xv ss__nfns‚ hymIcW]chpw ]Z]T\]chpw Ncn{X]chp

amb ]T\w Bhiyambncn°ptºmƒ Xs∂, bYm¿∞ thZ]pkvXI hmb\tbmSp≈ _‘Øn¬

AXp {]mYanI Imcyw am{XamWv. ""ssZhhN\w F∂ \nebn¬ ss__nƒ hmbn°p∂Xn\v Hcph\v

AXv, lrZbØn¬ \n∂v, X≈hncen¬ Fgpt∂‰p \n∂v, BImw£m`cnX\mbn, ssZhtØmSp

kwkmcn®psIm≠v hmbnt°Ww. Nn¥miq\yamtbm, Ae£yamtbm, _p≤n]camtbm sXmgnen

t\mSp _‘s∏t´m ss__nƒ hmbn°p∂Xv, ssZhN\sa∂ \nebnep≈ ss__nƒ hmb\b√.

Hcp {]Wb teJ\w hmbn°p∂Xpt]mse AXp hmbn°ptºmgmWv ssZhhN\w F∂ \nebn¬

Ah\Xp hmbn°p∂Xv.''

17

C. kn.F®v. tdmhven Z de-h≥kv Hm^v Z ss__nƒ, t]. 19

""ss__nfns\°pdn®p≈ _p≤n]camb Adnhn\v AXv F{X ]q¿Æambncp∂mepw, AXns‚

apgp kºØpw ssIhis∏SpØm≥ IgnbpIbn√. AØcw Adnhns\ AXp \ncmIcn°p∂n√,

ImcWw Adnhv ]q¿ÆamIphm≥ AXmhiyamWv. F∂ncp∂mepw AXp ]q¿ØoIcWØnse

Øphm≥ Cu ]pkvXIØnse Bflob \nt£]sØ°pdn®p≈ Hcp BflnI ⁄m\Ønte°Xp

\bnt°Ww. BflnI ⁄m\Øn\v tIhew _p≤n]camb Pm{KXsb°mƒ IqSpXemb H∂v

Bhiyambncn°p∂p. BflnI Imcyßƒ BflnIambn hnthNnt°≠XmWv; AXn\m¬ thZ

]pkvXI ]TnXmhn\v Bflobambn kzoIcn°p∂Xn\p≈ Hcp at\m`mhhpw ssZhØn\v Xs∂

Øm≥ Iogvs∏SpØns°mSp°p∂Xn\pth≠n Ahs\ Is≠Øphm\p≈ Hcp BImw£bpw

D≠mbncnt°Ww. F¶n¬ am{Xta Ah\v Xs‚ imkv{Xob ]T\Øn\∏pdambn kIe {KŸß

fnepw hninjvSamb Cu {KŸØns‚ kº∂amb AhImiw {]m]n°m≥ Ignbq.''

VI. Cu hymJym\Øns‚ coXn

]T\ am¿§\n¿t±iI hymJym\w Xmsg∏dbp∂ am¿§ßfn¬ \nßfpsS hymJym\ {]{Inbsb

klmbn°phm≥ cq]Iev]\ sNbvXn´p≈XmWv.

A. Hmtcm ]pkvXIØns‚bpw apJhpcbmbn lrkzamb Ncn{X cq]tcJ. ""hmb\m BhrØn 3''

\nßƒ ]q¿Ønbm°nb tijw Cu hnhcw ]cntim[n°pI

B. Hmtcm A≤ymbØns‚bpw Bcw`Øn¬ ]›mØe Dƒ°mgvNIƒ ImWmhp∂XmWv. kmlnXy

LSIßƒ cq]Iev]\ sNbvXncn°p∂sXßs\sb∂p ImWm≥ CXp \nßsf klmbn°pw.

C. Hmtcm A≤ymbØns‚ As√¶n¬ {][m\ kmlnXyLSIØns‚ Bcw`Øn¬ JfinIm

hn`P\hpw AhbpsS Xes°´pw \nch[n B[p\nI ]cn`mjIfn¬ \n∂p≈Xp tN¿Øncn°p∂p.

1. The United Bible Society Greek text, fourth edition revised(UBS4)2. The New American Standard Bible, 1995 Update (NASB)3. The New King James Version (NKJV)4. The New Revised Standard Version (NRSV)5. Today’s English Version (TEV)6. The Jerusalem Bible (JB)JfinIm hn`P\w ssZh\nimkoba√. Ah kμ¿`mSnÿm\Øn¬ \n¿Æbn°p∂XmWv. hyXykvX

]cn`mjm kn≤m¥ßfpw ssZhimkv{X ho£Wßfpw ASnÿm\am°nbn´p≈ \nch[n B[p\nI

]cn`mjIƒ XmcXays∏SpØpI hgn, bYm¿∞ FgpØpImcs‚ BibØns‚ LS\ hniIe\w sNøm≥

\ap°p Ignbpw. Hmtcm JfinIbnepw Hcp {][m\ kXyw Dƒs°m≠ncn°pw. CXns\ ""hnjb hmNIw''

Ft∂m ""]mTØns‚ tI{μ Bibw'' Ft∂m hnfn°mw. Cu GIoIrX Nn¥bmWv icnbmb \nebnep≈

Ncn{X]chpw hymIcW]chpamb hymJym\Øns‚ Xmt°m¬. Hcp JfinIbn¬ Ipd™ Hcp `mKØp

\n∂p Hcph≥ hymJym\n°pItbm {]kwKn°pItbm ]Tn∏n°pItbm AcpXv. H∏w Xs∂ Hmtcm Jfin

Ibpw AXn\p Np‰pap≈ JfinIItfmSv _‘s∏´ncn°p∂p F∂ Imcyhpw ad°cpXv. A°mcWØmemWv

a‰p {KŸØns‚bpw JfinIm XeØnep≈ cq]tcJ kp{][m\ambncn°p∂Xv. bYm¿∞ ssZh\nizmkob

FgpØpImc≥ AhXcn∏n°p∂ hnjbØns‚ bp‡n]camb Hgp°ns\ ]n¥pScphm≥ \ap°p Ign™ncn

°Ww.

D. t_m_ns‚ Ipdn∏pIƒ hymJym\Øns‚ ]Zm\p]Z kao]\sØbmWv ]n¥pScp∂Xv. CXv

bYm¿∞ FgpØpImcs‚ Nn¥sb ]n¥pScphm≥ \sΩ \n¿_‘n°p∂p.

Cu Ipdn∏pIƒ hnhn[ taJeIfn¬ \n∂p≈ hnhcßƒ {]Zm\w sNøp∂p.

1. kmlnXy kμ¿`w

2. Ncn{X]chpw kmkvImcnIhpamb Dƒ°mgvNIƒ

3. hymIcW hnhcßƒ

4. ]Z ]T\ßƒ

5. {]k‡ kam¥c thZ`mKßƒ

E. hymJym\Ønse {]tXyI L´ßfn¬, \nch[n B[p\nI ]cn`mjIfn¬ \n∂p≈ `mKßfpw

sImSp°p∂p≠v.

1. ""sSIvÃkv dnk]v‰kv'' se IsøgpØp {]XnIƒ ]n¥pScp∂ \yq InwKv Pbnwkv th¿j≥

(NKJV)2. \mjW¬ Iu¨kn¬ Hm^v N¿®kns‚ dnsshkvUv Ãm≥tU¿Uv th¿js‚ ]cnjvIcn®

]Xn∏mb ]Zm\p]Z ]cn`mj, \yq dnsshkvUv Ãm≥tU¿Uv th¿j≥ (NRSV)3. Atacn°≥ ss__nƒ skmssk‰nbpsS ssU\anIv CIze‚ v ]cn`mjbmb SpsUbvkv

Cw•ojv th¿j≥ (TEV)4. s{^©v ItØmen° ssU\anIv CIze‚ v ]cn`mjsb ASnÿm\am°nbp≈ Pdpktew

ss__nƒ (JB)

18

F. {Ko°v hmbn°m≥ IgnbmØh¿°v Cw•ojv ]cn`mjIƒ XmcXays∏SpØp∂Xv, ]mT`mKØnse

{]iv\ßƒ Xncn®dnbm≥ klmbn°pw

1. IsøgpØp {]Xnbnse hyXymkßƒ

2. ]ZßfpsS ]Icw A¿∞ßƒ

3. hymIcW]cambn {]bmkap≈ ]mT`mKhpw LS\bpw

4. Zp¿{Klamb ]mT`mKßƒ

Cu {]iv\ßƒ ]cnlcn°phm≥ Cw•ojv ]cn`mjIƒ°p Ignbns√¶nepw, Ahsb Bghpw

IqSpX¬ Klhpamb ]T\ taJeIfmbn Nq≠n°mWn°phm≥ Ahbv°p Ignbpw.

G. Hmtcm A[ymbØns‚bpw Ahkm\w, B A[ymbØnse {][m\ hymJym\ hnjbßsf

e£yam°m\pt±in®p≈ {]k‡amb N¿®bv°p≈ tNmZyßƒ \¬Inbn´p≠v.

19

tdmamteJ\Øn\v Hcp BapJw

{]mcw` {]kvXm-h-\-Iƒ

A. As∏mkvXe\mb ]usemkns‚ D]tZi]camb {KŸßfn¬ G‰hpw hyhÿm]nXhpw

bp‡n]chpamb {KŸamWv tdmamteJ\w. tdmanse kmlNcyßfm¬ AXp kzm[o\n°s∏ńcp∂p

F∂Xn\m¬ AsXmcp ""kμ¿`m\pkcW'' tcJbmWv. teJ\sagpXp∂Xn\v ]usemkns\ t{]cn∏n®

Ft¥m H∂p kw`hn®p. F∂ncp∂mepw ]usemkns‚ cN\Ifnse G‰hpw \njv]£ambXmWXv;

AXn¬ {]iv\tØmSnSs]Sp∂ ]usemkns‚ am¿§w (Hcp]t£ sblqZhnizmknIfpw PmXob

t\XrXzØn\panSbn¬ kw`hn® `n∂X, H.t\m. 14:1˛15:13) kphntijØns‚bpw ssZ\wZn\

PohnXØnep≈ AXns‚ {]mtbmKnIXbpsSbpw hy‡amb AhXcWambncp∂p.

B. KemXyteJ\Ønse kXyßfpsS ssZhimkv{X]camb hnImkamWv tdma¿. tdmamteJ\Øns‚

hnImkw Hcp kw£n]vX Nm{InI teJ\Ønem°nbXmWv Fs^kyteJ\w. ]usemkns‚

kphntijw amdp∂n√. ]t£ AhXcW coXn amdp∂p.

C. tdmam teJ\Ønse ]usemkns‚ kphntij AhXcWw F√m ImeL´Ønsebpw k`mPohnX-

sØ kzm[o\n®n´p≠v.

1. F.Un. 386 ¬ tdma. 13:13˛14 hmbn®v AKÃn≥ c£n°s∏´p.

2. am¿ń≥ eqYdns‚ c£sb kw_‘n®p≈ Adnhv 1513 ¬ kaqe ]cnh¿Ø\Øn\p hnt[bambXv

At±lw k¶o. 31:1 s\ tdma¿ 1:17 ambn XmcXays∏SpØnbt∏mgmWv (H.t\m. l_. 2:4).

3. tPm¨ sh…n 1738 ¬ Hcp sat∂mss\‰v ao‰nwKn\SpØpIqSn t]mIptºmƒ, A∂sØ {]kwKI≥

hcmXncp∂Xn\m¬ ]Icw tdmamteJ\Øn\p am¿ń≥ eqY¿ FgpXnb apJhpc Hcmƒ

hmbn°p∂Xp tI´Xns\ØpS¿∂mWp am\km¥cs∏´Xv.

D. tdmamteJ\w a\ nem°p∂Xp {InkvXym\nXzsØ a\ nem°pIbmWv! tbiphns‚ PohnXsØ-

bpw D]tZißsfbpw F√m°meØpap≈ k`bv°mhiyap≈ ASnÿm\ kXyßfm°n teJ\w

cq]-s∏SpØp∂p. AXns\°pdn®p am¿ń≥ eqY¿ ]d™Xv, ""]pXnb \nbaØnse apJy{KŸhpw

\n¿Ωe kphntijhpw'' F∂mWv.

E. Rm≥ Ft∏mgpw ]pXnb hnizmknIsf F√mZnhkhpw ss__nƒ hmbn®mcw`n°m≥ D]tZin°m-

dp≠v. aq∂p ]pXnb\nba {KŸßƒ hmbn®mcw`n°m\mWp Rm≥ \n¿t±in°mdp≈Xv:

1. tbml∂ms‚ kphntijw, tbiphns\ a\ nem°phm≥

2. tdmamteJ\w, k`bn¬ {]mh¿ØnIamIp∂ tbiphns‚ D]tZißƒ a\ nem°phm≥

3. 1 tbml∂m≥, ssZ\wZn\ PohnXØn¬ kphntij{]Imcw Fßs\ Pohn°Wsa∂p a\ nem-

°phm≥

FgpØpImc≥

]usemkmWv \n›bambpw FgpØpImc≥. Ahs‚ ]Xnhmb hμ\w 1:1 ¬ ImWmw. ]usemkns‚

""PUØnse iqew'' ImgvN°pdhmsW∂p s]mXpth AwKoIcn°s∏ń´p≈Xn\m¬ Ah≥ X\nsb A√

Cu teJ\w FgpXnbXv, adn®v sX¿sØmkv F∂ FgpØpImcs‚ klmbØmemWv (H.t\m. 16:22).

FgpXnb ImewA. tdmamteJ\Øns‚ cN\ \n¿hln®ncn°m≥ km[yXbp≈Xv F.Un. 56˛58 BWv. IrXyambn XobXn

\n›bn°mhp∂ Npcp°w Nne ]pXnb\nba {KŸßfn¬ H∂mWnXv. As∏m. {]hr. 20:2 apXep≈

`mKsØ tdma. 15:17 apXep≈ `mKhpambn XmcXays∏SpØnbmWnXp km[n°p∂Xv. ]usemkv

sbcqiteante°p bm{X Xncn°p∂Xn\p sXm´papºv, aq∂mw anj\dn bm{XbpsS Ahkm\Øn¬

sImcn¥n¬ h®mbncn°mw Cu teJ\w FgpXnbn´p≠mhpI.

B. ]usemkns‚ teJ\ßfpsS Ime°W°p kw_‘n®v F^v. F^v. {_qkpw aptd lmcnkpw

\¬Ip∂ hnhcßfn¬ sNdnb am‰ßƒ hcpØn NphsS tN¿°p∂p.

20

{KŸw XobXn ÿew {]hr. tbmSp≈

_‘w

1. KemXy¿ 48 kndnbbnse

At¥mIy 14:28; 15:2

2. 1 sX sem\oIy¿ 50 sImcn¥v 18:5

3. 2 sX sem\oIy¿ 50 sImcn¥v

4. 1 sImcn¥y¿ 55 Fs^skmkv 19:20

5. 2 sImcn¥y¿ 56 a°tZm\y 20:2

6. tdma¿ 57 sImcn¥v 20:3

7˛10. ImcmKrl teJ\ßƒ

sImsemky¿ 60 s‚ Bcw`w

Fs^ky¿ 60 s‚ Bcw`w tdmw

^ntetam≥ 60 s‚ Bcw`w

^nen∏nb¿ 62 s‚ Ahkm\w ˛ 63 28:30˛31

11˛13. \memw anj\dn bm{X

1 XnsamsYsbmkv 63 a°tZm\y

XosØmkv 63 Fs^skmkv (?)

2 XnsamsYsbmkv 63 tdmw

kzoI¿Øm°ƒtdmanep≈h¿°mWv FgpXnbsX∂v teJ\Øn¬ hy‡am°p∂p≠v. tdmanse k` BcmWp ÿm]n®-

sX∂p \ap°dnbn√.

A. s]s¥t°mkvXp\mfn¬ sbcqtitew kμ¿in®bmfpIƒ c£n°s∏SpIbpw tdman¬ aSßnsbØn

k` Bcw`n°pIbpw sNbvXncn°m≥ km[yXbp≠v (H.t\m. {]hr. 2:10).

B. kvsX^ms\mkns‚ acWsØØpS¿∂v sbcqitean¬ D≠mb ]oU\ kabØv ]emb\w sNbvX

injy∑mcmbncn°mw k`bmcw`n®Xv (H.t\m. {]hr. 8:4).

C. ]usemkns‚ anj\dn bm{Xbn¬ c£n°s∏´h¿ tdman¬ FØnbncn°mw. ]usemkv Hcn°epw

Cu k` kμ¿in®n´n√, F¶nepw AXn\mbn hmRvOn®ncp∂p (H.t\m. {]hr. 19:21). Ah\hnsS

[mcmfw kvt\lnXcp≠mbncp∂p (H.t\m. tdma. 16) ""kvt\tlm]lmchpambn'' sbcqiteante°p≈

bm{Xbv°p tijw kvs]bn\nte°p≈ bm{Xmat[y (H.t\m. tdma. 15:28) tdmw kμ¿in°m\mbncp∂p

Ahs‚ ]≤Xn F∂p hy‡w. saUn‰td\nb\p Ing°p≈ Xs‚ ip{iqj Ahkm\n®Xmbn ]usem-

kn\p tXm∂nbncp∂p. Ah≥ ]pXnb {]h¿Ø\ taJe tXSn (H.t\m. tdma. 15:20-˛23,28). sImcn¥n¬

\n∂p ]usemkns‚ teJ\hpambn t]mbXv B `mKtØ°p k©cn® ip{iqjIbmb t^_

BWv (H.t\m. tdma. 16:1).

H∂mw \q‰m≠n¬ sImcn¥nse Hcp CSpßnb sXcphnencp∂v Hcp sblqZ IqSmc∏Wn°mc≥

FgpXnb Cu FgpØv F¥psIm≠mWv C{Xbpw hneaXn°s∏Sp∂Xv? am¿´n≥ eqY¿ CXns\

""]pXnb \nbaØnse apJy{KŸhpw \n¿Ωe kphntijhpw'' F∂p hnfn®p. Cu {KŸØns‚

aqeyw \nesIm≈p∂Xv, PmXnIfpsS As∏mkvXe≥ F∂p hnfn°s∏Sp∂h\pw {InkvXym\nXzw

kzoIcn® d_nbpamb X¿skmknse iu¬ kphntijØn\p \¬Ip∂ BgØnep≈ hniZoIcW-

amWnXv F∂XnemWv. ]usemkns‚ an° teJ\ßfpw {]mtZinI kmlNcyßfpsS \ndw Ie¿∂-

XmsW¶n¬ tdmamteJ\w Aßs\b√. AsXmcp As∏mkvXes‚ hnizmkØns‚ hyhÿm]nX

AhXcWamWv.

klhnizmko, ""hnizmkw'' F∂Xns\ kqNn∏n°phm≥ C∂p]tbmKn°p∂ kmt¶XnI ]Zßƒ

an°Xpw (""\nXoIcWw'' ""IW°nS¬,'' ""ZsØSp∏v,'' ""hnip≤oIcWw'') tdmamteJ\Øn¬ \n∂pw

h∂XmsW∂p \nßƒ°dnbmtam? KemXyteJ\Ønse kXyßfpsS ssZhimkv{X]camb hnI-

k\amWnXv. C∂p \ΩpsS PohnXßsf°pdn®p≈ ssZhlnXw \mw Hcpan®v At\zjn°ptºmƒ

Cu hnkvabmhlamb teJ\w ssZhw \ap°p Xpd∂pXcphm≥ {]m¿∞n°pI.

Dt±iywA. kvs]bn\nte°p≈ Xs‚ anj\dnbm{Xbv°v tdmanse k`bn¬ \n∂pw klmbw e`n°p∂Xn\p≈

Hcp A`y¿∞\. Ing°≥ saUn‰td\nb≥ {]tZißfnse Xs‚ As∏mkvXenI the Xo¿∂Xmbn

(As√¶n¬

AXn\p tijw

]t£ 64 \papºv)

21

]usemkv I≠p (H.t\m. 15:20˛23, 28).

B. tdmanse k`bn¬ hnizkn°p∂ sblqZ∑mcpw hnizkn°p∂ PmXnIfpw XΩnep≈ {]iv\sØ

]cnlcn°phm≥. tdman¬ \n∂pw kIe sblqZ∑mscbpw ]pdØm°pIbpw ]n∂oSh¿ aSßnhcnI-

bpw sNbvXXns\ØpS¿∂mImw Cu kw`hhnImkßƒ. B kabwsIm≠v sblqZ {InkvXob

t\Xm°fpsS ÿm\Øv PmXob {InkvXob t\Xm°ƒ Ahtcm[n°s∏ńcp∂p.

C. tdmanse k`bv°p Xs∂ ]cnNbs∏SpØp∂Xn\v. sbcqitean¬ bYm¿∞ambn am\km¥cs∏´

sblqZ∑mcn¬ \n∂pw (H.t\m. {]hr. 15 se sbcqitew Iu¨kn¬) icnbmb am\km¥can√mØ

sblqZ∑mcn¬ \n∂pw (KemXy¿, 2 sImcn. 3, 10˛13 se sblqZaXhmZnIƒ), kphntijsØ XßfpsS

kn≤m¥ßfpsS XXzimkv{Xßfpambn (AXm. ⁄m\hmZw) Iqń°pgbv°m≥ {ian® PmXnIfn¬

\n∂pw hfsc FXn¿∏pIƒ ]usemkv t\cnńcp∂p.

D. tbiphns‚ ]Tn∏n°epItfmSv Iqńt®¿°phm≥ aSn°mØ A]ISImcnbmb \hot\m]tZi°m-

c\mWv ]usemkv F∂v Btcm]n°s∏ńcp∂p. ]gb\nbahpw tbiphns‚ D]tZißfpw (kphntij-

ßƒ) D]tbmKn®psIm≠v Xs‚ kphntijw F{Xam{Xw kXyamsW∂v sXfnbn®v hyhÿm]nXambn

Xs‚ hnizmksØ km[qIcn°p∂Xn\p≈ ]usemkns‚ am¿§amWv tdmamteJ\w.

eLp cq]tcJA. apJhpc (1:1˛17)

1. A`nhmZ\w (1:1˛7)

a. FgpØpImc≥ (1˛5)

b. e£yÿm\w (6˛7a)c. hμ\w (7b)

2. kμ¿`w (1:8˛15)

3. hnjbw (1:16˛17)

B. ssZhnI \oXnbpsS BhiyIX (1:18˛3:20)

1. PmXob temIØns‚ A[x]X\w (1:18˛32)

2. sblqZs‚ AYhm PmXob [m¿ΩnIhmZnbpsS Im]Syw (2:1˛16)

3. sblqZs‚ \ymbhn[n (2:17˛3:8)

4. km¿ΔeuInI Ip‰]{Xw (3:9˛20)

C. F¥mWv ssZhnI \oXn (3:21˛8:39)

1. hnizmkØm¬ am{Xap≈ \oXn (3:21˛31)

2. \oXnbpsS ASnÿm\w: ssZhØns‚ hmKvZØw (4:1˛25)

a. A{_lmans‚ icnbmb \nev]v (4:1˛5)

b. ZmhnZv (4:6˛8)

c. ]cnt—Z\tbmSp≈ A{_lmans‚ _‘w (4:9˛12)

d. A{_lmant\mSp≈ ssZhnI hmKvZØw (4:13˛25)

3. \oXn {]m]n°¬ (5:1˛21)

a. hnjb]camb hiw: A¿ln°mØ kvt\lw, kam\Xbn√mØ kt¥mjw (5:1˛5)

b. e£y]camb ASnÿm\w: ssZhØns‚ A¤pX kvt\lw (5:6˛11)

c. BZmw/{InkvXp \ngepw s]mcpfpw: BZmans‚ ewL\w, ssZhØns‚ Zm\w (5:12-˛21)

4. ssZhnI \oXn hy‡n]camb \oXnbmbn ]cnWan°Ww (6:1˛7:25)

a. ]m]Øn¬ \n∂p kzmX{¥yw (6:1˛14)

(1) km[yXbp≈ FXn¿∏v (6:1˛2)

(2) kv\m\Øns‚ A¿∞w (6:3˛14)

b. kmØms‚ ASna As√¶n¬ ssZhØns‚ ASna: \nßfpsS Xncs™Sp∏v (6:15˛23)

c. \ymb{]amWtØmSp≈ a\pjys‚ hnhmlw (7:1˛6)

d. \ymb{]amWw \√Xv, ]t£ ]m]w \∑sb XSbp∂p (7:7˛14)

e. hnizmknbn¬ \∑bpw Xn∑bpw XΩnep≈ \nXy t]mcm´w (7:15-˛25)

5. ssZhnI \oXnbpsS Zriyamb êßƒ (8:1˛39)

a. Bflmhnep≈ PohnXw (8:1˛17)

b. krjvSnbpsS hos≠Sp∏v (8:18˛25)

e. Bflmhns‚ \nc¥c klmbw (8:26˛30)

d. hnizmkØmep≈ \oXoIcWØns‚ \nba]camb hnPbw (8:31˛-39)

22

D. kIe a\pjy¿°pw th≠nbp≈ ssZhntImt±iyw (9:1˛11:32)

1. bn{kmtbens‚ Xncs™Sp∏v (9:1˛33)

a. hnizmkØns‚ bYm¿∞ AhIminIƒ (9:1˛13)

b. ssZhØns‚ ]cam[nImcw (9:14˛26)

c. PmXnIfpw Dƒs∏Sp∂ ssZhØns‚ km¿ΔeuInI ]≤Xn (9:27˛33)

2. bn{kmtbens‚ c£ (10:1˛21)

a. ssZhnI \oXn x am\pjnI \oXn (10:1˛13)

b. ssZhnI IcpWbv°v ktμiIsc Bhiyap≠v. temIa anj\dn {]h¿Ø\Øn\p≈

Blzm\w (10:14˛18)

c. bn{kmtbens‚ {InkvXphn¬ XpScp∂ Ahnizmkw (10:19˛21)

3. bn{kmtbens‚ ]cmPbw (11:1-˛36)

a. sblqZm tijn∏v (11:1˛10)

b. sblqZs‚ kv]¿≤ (11:11˛24)

c. sblqZs‚ Xmev°menI A‘X (11:25˛32)

d. ]usemkns‚ kvXpXn (11:33˛36)

E. ssZhnI \oXn F∂ Zm\Ønse ^ew (12:1˛15:13)

1. ka¿∏WØn\p≈ Blzm\w (12:1˛2)

2. hcßfpsS D]tbmKw (12:3˛8)

3. hnizmknIƒ°v a‰p hnizmknItfmSp≈ _‘w (12:9˛21)

4. cmPytØmSp≈ _‘w (13:1˛7)

5. Ab¬°mtcmSp≈ _‘w (13:8˛10)

6. \ΩpsS I¿Ømhnt\mSp≈ _‘w (13:11-˛14)

7. kl k`mwKßfpambp≈ _‘w (14:1˛12)

8. a‰p≈hcpsStaep≈ \ΩpsS kzm[o\w (12:13˛23)

9. {InkvXpkmZriyØnep≈ _‘w (15:1˛13)

F. D]kwlmcw (15:14˛33)

1. ]usemkns‚ hy‡n]camb ]≤XnIƒ (15:14˛29)

2. {]m¿∞\bv°p≈ At]£ (15:30˛33)

G. ]n≥Ipdn∏v (16:1˛27)

1. hμ\ßƒ (16:1˛24)

2. Bio¿hmZw (16:25˛27)

H∂mw hmb\ (t]Pv 14 ImWp-I)

CXv Hcp ]T-\- am¿K-Z¿iI hymJym\ {KŸ-am-Wv, CXn-\¿∞w \nß-fpsS thZ-]p-kvXI hymJym-\-

Øn\v \nßƒ Xs∂ DØ-c-hm-Zn-I-fmWv F∂m-Wv. \mw Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw \ap°p e`n®n-cn-°p∂ shfn-®-Øn¬

\S-°-Ww. hymJym-\-Ønse ap≥K-W\m {Iaw \nß-fpw, thZ-]p-kvX-Ihpw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hp-am-Wv. CXv Hcp

hymJym-Xm-hn\pw hn´p-sIm-Sp-°-cp-Xv. thZ-]p-kvXIw apgp-h-\mbn H‰-bn-cp∏n¬ hmbn-°pI. apgp-h≥ {KŸ-

Øn-s‚bpw tI{μ-Nn-¥m-hn-jbw \nß-fpsS kz¥w hm°p-I-fn¬ hni-Zo-Icn°p-I.

1. apgp {KŸ-Øns‚bpw hn-jbw

2. km-lnXy cq]w

c≠mw hmb\ (t]Pv 14 ImWp-I)



\S-°-Ww. hymJym-\-Ønse ap≥K-W\m {Iaw \nß-fpw, thZ-]p-kvX-Ihpw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hp-am-Wv. CXv Hcp

hymJym-Xm-hn\pw hn´p-sIm-Sp-°-cp-Xv. thZ-]p-kvXIw apgp-h-\mbn c≠mw Xh-Wbpw H‰-bn-cp∏n¬ hmbn-°p-

I. {][m\ hnj-b-ßƒ°v cq]-tcJ Xøm-dm-°p-Ibpw hnjbw H‰ hmN-I-Øn¬ hnhcn°p-Ibpw sNøp-I.

23

1. H∂m-asØ kmln-Xy-kaql-Øns‚ hnjbw

2. c≠m-asØ kmlnXykaql-Øns‚ hnjbw

3. aq∂m-asØ kmlnXykaql-Øns‚ hnjbw

4. \mem-asØ kmlnXykaql-Øns‚ hnjbw

5. BZn-bm-bh

24

A`nhmZ\w hμ\ A`nhmZ\w A`nhmZ\w A`nhmZ\w A`nkwt_m[\

1:1˛7 1:1- 7 1:1˛6 1:1 1:1˛2

1:2˛6

1:3˛7

1:7a 1:7a1:7b 1:7b

-tdma kμ¿in°m tdma kμ¿in°m \μn Itc‰¬ -\μnItc‰ens‚ \μnItc‰epw\p≈ ]usemkn \p≈ hmRvO {]m¿∞\ {]m¿∞\bpw

s‚ hmRvO

1:8˛15 1:8˛15 1:19- 23 1:8˛12 1:8˛15

1:13˛15

kphntijØns‚ \oXnam≥ hnizmk teJ\Øns‚ kphntijØns‚ hnjbw AhXcn

i‡n Øm¬ Pohn°pw hnjbw i‡n ∏n°p∂p

1:16˛17 1:16˛17 1:16˛17 1:16˛17 1:16˛17

a\pjyIpeØns‚ A\oXnbpsSta¬ ]m]Ønt∑¬ a\pjyIpeØns‚ PmXnIƒs°Xn

Ip‰w ssZhØns‚ ssZhØns‚ Ip‰w Xncmbn ssZhØn

tIm]w tIm]w s‚ {]XnImcw

1:18˛23 1:18˛32 1:18˛23 1:18˛23 1:18˛23

1:24˛32 1:24˛25 1:24˛25 1:24˛25

1:26˛27 1:26˛27 1:26˛27

1:28˛32 1:28˛32 1:28˛32

tdma¿ 1B[p-\nI ]cn-`m-j-I-fpsS JWvUnI hn`-P\w*

bp.-_n.-Fkv 4 F≥.-sI.-sP.-hn. F≥.B¿.-F-kv.hn. ‰n. C. hn. F≥. sP. _n

aq∂mw hmb\ (t]Pv 14 ImWp-I)

JWvUn-Im-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ bYm¿∞ Fgp-Øp-Imcs‚ Dt±iyw ]n¥p-S-cpI



\S-°-Ww. hymJym-\-Ønse ap≥K-W\m {Iaw \nß-fpw thZ-]p-kvX-Ihpw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hp-am-Wv. CXv Hcp

hymJym-Xm-hn\pw hn´p-sIm-Sp-°-cp-Xv.

H‰-bn-cp-∏n¬ A[ymbw hmbn-°pI. hnj-b-ßƒ a\- n-em°p-I. \nß-fpsS hnjb hn`-P-\-ßƒ A©v

B[p-\nI ]cn-`m-j-I-fp-ambn Xmc-Xayw sNøp-I. JWvUnI hn`-P\w ssZh-\n-izm-koba-√, ]ns∂tbm

bYm¿∞ teJ-Is‚ Dt±iyw {Kln°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Xmt°m-em-Wv, AXmWv hymJym-\-Øns‚ ImX¬. Hmtcm

JWvUn-Ibv°pw Htc-sbmcp hnjbw am{X-am-Wp-≈-Xv.

* ssZh-\n-izm-kob-a-s√-¶nepw JWvUn-I-hn- -P-\-ßƒ Fgp-Øp-Imcs‚ Dt±iyw a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn\pw A\p-h¿Øn-

°p-∂-Xn-\p-ap≈ Xmt°m-emWv. Hmtcm B[p-\nI ]cn-`m-j-bpw JWvUn-I Xncn®v hnjb kw{Klw \S-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

Hmtcm JWvUn-Ibv°pw Hcp tI{μ hnj-bw, kXyw AYhm Nn¥-bp-≠v. Hmtcm ]cn-`m-jbpw B hnjbsØ X\-Xmb

coXn-bn¬ FSpØp ImWn-°p-∂p. \nßƒ B hN\w hmbn-°p-tºmƒ GXp ]cn-`m-j-bmWv \nß-fpsS hnj-b-{Km-ly-

Øn\pw hmIy-hn- -P-\-Øn\pw bp‡-am-b-sX∂v \nß-tfmSp Xs∂ tNmZn-°p-I.

Hmtcm A≤ym-b-Ønepw BZy-ambn \mw thZ-]p-kvXIw hmbn-°p-Ibpw hnj-b-ßƒ (J-WvUn-I-Iƒ) Xncn-®-dn-bp-hm≥

{ian-°p-Ibpw thWw. AXn\ptijw \ΩpsS Adn-hns\ \ho\ hnh¿Ø-\-ß-fp-ambn Xmc-Xayw sNøpI. bYm¿∞

teJ-Is‚ bp‡nbpw {]I-S-\hpw a\- n-em-°n-s°m≠v Xs‚ Dt±-iysØ a\- n-em-°p-tºmƒ am{X-amWv \ap°v thZ-]p-

kvXIw a\- n-em-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xv. aqe-Ir-Xn-bpsS Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥ am{X-amWv ssZh-\n-izm-kob Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥. hmb-

\-°m¿°v ktμiw am‰p-hmt\m \ho-Icn-°p-hmt\m Ah-Im-i-an-√. ssZh-\n-izm-kob-amb kXyw Xß-fpsS Ime-L- Ønepw

Pohn-X-Ønepw {]mh¿Øn-I-am-t°-≠Xv thZ-]p-kvXIw hmbn-°p∂hcpsS DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-am-Wv.

F√m kmt¶-XnI ]Z-{]-tbm-K-ßfpw Npcp-°-cq-]-ß-fpw, H∂pw c≠pw aq∂pw A\p-_-‘-ß-fn¬ ]q¿Æ-ambn hni-Zo-I-cn-®n- p-≠v.

25

]›m-Øe Dƒ°m-gvN-IƒA. hm. 1˛7 teJ\Øns‚ apJhpcbmWv. ]usemkns‚ teJ\ßfn¬ ImWp∂ G‰hpw ssZ¿Lyap≈

apJhpc CXmWv. Xs∂°pdn®v hy‡n]cambn AdnbmØXpw Xs∂°pdn®v sX‰mb hnhcßƒ

tIń´p≈Xpamb Hcp k`bv°v Xs∂bpw Xs‚ ssZhimkv{XsØbpw ]cnNbs∏SpØphm≥

]usemkv {ian°pIbmWv.

B. hm. 8˛12 \μn Itc‰ens‚ {]mcw` {]m¿∞\bmWv. CXv {Ko°v IØpIfpsS s]mXphmbpw ]usem-

kns‚ FgpØpIfpsS {]tXyIambpw D≈ khntijXbmWv.

C. hm. 16˛17 teJ\Øns‚ hnjbamWv.

D. hm. 18 apX¬ 3:20 hsc BZysØ kmlnXyLSIhpw ]usemkns‚ kphntijØns‚ BZysØ

t]mbn‚pamWv. kIe a\pjycpw (3 {Kq∏v) \jvSs∏´hcpw c£ Bhiyap≈hcpamWv (H.t\m.

Dev]. 3).

1. Akm∑m¿§nIfmb PmXnIƒ

2. k∑m¿§nIfmb PmXnIƒ

3. sblqZ∑m¿

E. tdma. 1:8˛3:20 Dev]. 3 s\ {]Xnên∏n°p∂p. (F∂m¬ d∫nam¿ Cu thZ`mKa√ Dev]. 6 BWv

]m]Øns‚ DdhnSambn Db¿Øn°m´p∂Xv F∂mWv AXnibIcw). a\pjy≥ ssZhnI kmZriy-

Øn¬ krjvSn°s∏´Xv ssZhhpambn Iq´mbva BNcn°p∂Xn\pth≠nbmWv (H.t\m. Dev]. 1:26˛27).

F∂m¬ a\pjy≥ {]Imi\hpw A[nImcØns‚bpw kzmX{¥yØns‚bpw hmKvZØhpw Xncs™Sp-

Øp. Npcp°Øn¬ a\pjy≥ ssZhnI ]pIgvNbv°p ]Icw kz¥w ]pIgvN Xncs™SpØp (\ncoizc-

hmZ a\pjyXzw).

Cu {]Xnk‘n ssZhw A\phZn®p. ssZhnI kzcq]Øn¬ Bbncn°p∂Xv DØchmZnXzap≈h\m-

bncn°p∂Xpw [m¿ΩnIamb IW°p t_m[n∏nt°≠Xpw kzta[bm kzX{¥amIp∂Xv A\¥c-

êßƒ Dfhm°p∂XpamWv. ssZhw Xs‚ Xncs™Sp∏n\mepw AhcpsS Xncs™Sp∏n\mepw

a\pjys\ th¿Xncn°p∂p (DSºSn _‘w). kzbsØ AXns‚ kIe A\¥cêßtfmSpw IqsS

Xncs™Sp°phm≥ Ah≥ a\pjysc A\phZn°p∂p. ssZhw ZpxJn®p (H.t\m. Dev]. 6:5˛7). F¶nepw

a\pjy≥ kIe AhImißfpw AXp \¬Ip∂ kIe A\¥cêßfpw D≈ kzX{¥ [m¿ΩnI

hy‡nIfmWv. ""ssZhw Ahsc Gev]n®pIf™p'' (H.t\m. 1:24, 26, 28) F∂ Bh¿Øn®p≈ {]tbmKw

B kzmX{¥yØns‚ AwKoImcamWv. A√msX ssZhw a\x]q¿Δw Dt]£n°p∂X√. CXp ssZhw

Xncs™SpØX√. CX√ ssZhw hn`mh\w sNbvX temIw (H.t\m. Dev]. 3:22; 6:5˛7, 11˛13).

F. 1:8˛3:20 s‚ ssZhimkv{X kw£n]vXw 3:21-˛31 ¬ ImWmw. kphntijØns‚ "kZzm¿Ø' bpsS

BZy ssZhimkv{X t]mbn‚mWnXv. kIe a\pjycpw ]m]w sNbvXv ssZhnI ]m]£a Bhiyap≈-

hcmbncn°p∂p. Bflm¿∞ Iq´mbvabnte°p aSßns®√p∂Xn\v Hcp hgn ssZhw Ir]tbmsS

\¬Inbncn°p∂p (AXm. GsZ≥ A\p`hw, Dev]. 1-˛2 s\ shfn. 21˛22 ambn XmcXayw sNøpI).

G. ]usemkns‚ kphntij AhXcWØns‚ Cu BZy kmlnXy LSIØn¬ kmØms\tbm

ss]imNnI i‡nIsftbm Ipdn®p kqNn∏n°msX hoWpt]mb a\pjyh¿§sØ AhcpsS a’c-

Øn\pw ]m]Øn\pw DØchmZnIfmbn hnhcn®ncn°p∂Xv Xmev]cyP\IamWv (H.t\m. tdma. 1:18-˛

3:20). Cu `mKw Xo¿®bmbpw Dev]. 3 s‚ ssZhimkv{Xw {]Xnên∏n°p∂p F¶nepw BfØap≈

Hcp ]co£Is\ Hgnhm°nbncn°p∂p. ho≠pw kmØms\ ]gnNmcphm≥ hoWpt]mb a\pjyh¿§-

sØ ssZhw A\phZn°p∂n√ (H.t\m. Dev]. 1:26; 5:1,3; 9:6). Ah¿°v Xncs™Sp∏n\p≈ AhImihpw

A[nImchpw IS∏mSpw D≠v. BZman¬ Iq´mbpw hy‡n]camb ]m]Øn¬ hy‡n]cambpw XßfpsS

Xncs™Sp∏pIfpsS DØchmZnXzw Ah¿°p Xs∂bmWv (H.t\m. 3:23).

1. H∂m-asØ JWvUnI

2. c≠m-asØ JWvUnI

3. aq∂m-asØ JWvUnI

4. BZnbmbh

26

]Z ssien ]T\w

tdma¿ 1:1˛61ssZhw Xs‚ ]p{X\pw \ΩpsS I¿Ømhpamb tbip{InkvXphns\°pdn®p hnip≤tcJIfn¬2Xs‚ {]hmNI∑m¿ apJm¥cw apºpIqń hmKvZØw sNbvX kphntijØn∂mbn th¿Xncn®p

hnfn°s∏´ As∏mkvXe\pw tbip{InkvXphns‚ Zmk\pamb s]usemkv 3tdmabn¬ ssZhØn∂p

{]nbcpw hnfn°s∏´ hnip≤∑mcpamb F√mh¿°pw FgpXp∂Xp: 4\ΩpsS ]nXmhmb ssZh-

Øn¶¬\n∂pw I¿Ømhmb tbip{InkvXphn¶¬ \n∂pw \nßƒ°p Ir]bpw kam[m\hpw

D≠mIs´. 5PUw kw_‘n®p ZmhoZns‚ k¥Xnbn¬\n∂p P\n°bpw acn®n´p Dbn¿sØgp-

t∂ev°bm¬ hnip≤nbpsS Bflmhp kw_‘n®p ssZh]p{X≥ F∂p i‡ntbmsS \n¿Æbn-

°s∏SpIbpw sNbvXncn°p∂h\met√m 6Rßƒ Ahs‚ \maØn∂mbn kIePmXnIfpsSbpw

CSbn¬ hnizmkØn∂p A\pkcWw hcptØ≠Xn∂p Ir]bpw As∏mkvXeXzhpw {]m]n®Xp.

1:1 ""Xs‚ ]p{X\pw'' kphntijØns‚ tI{μ ktμiw I\yIbmb adnbbn¬ P\n® \ktdØnse

tbip F∂ hy‡nsb°pdn®p≈XmWv. ]gb \nbaØn¬ cmPyw, cmPmhv, ainlm F∂nhsc ""]p{X≥'

F∂p hnfn®ncp∂p (H.t\m. 2 iaq. 7:14; tlmti. 11:1; k¶o. 2:7; aØm. 2:15).

]gb \nbaØn¬ ssZhw Xs‚ Zmk∑mcneqsSbpw {]hmNI∑mcneqsSbpw kwkmcn®p. tbip ssZh-

Øns‚ Hcp Zmk\mbncp∂n√. Ahs\mcp IpSpw_mwKambncp∂p (H.t\m. F{_m. 1:1˛2; 3:6; 5:8; 7:28). Cu

]pkvXIØn¬ ]usemkv {InkvXpimkv{XØn¬ {i≤ tI{μoIcn°p∂ GI mKw CXmsW∂Xv AXnib-

IcamWv. tdma¿ Hcp kºq¿Æ hyhÿnX ssZhimkv{Xa√.

{]tXyI ]T\hn-jbw: ssZh-]p-{X≥]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Ønse tbip-hns‚ {][m-\-s∏´ ÿm\-t∏-cp-I-fn¬ H∂m-Wn-Xv. CXn\v Xo¿®-bmbpw

ssZhn-I-amb e£ym¿∞-ß-fp-≠v. CXv tbip-hns\ ""]p{X-\mbn'' AYhm ""Fs‚ ]p{X-\mbn'' Dƒs°m-

≈p-Ibpw ssZhsØ ""]nXmhv'' F∂v A`nkw-t_m-[\ sNøp-Ibpw sNøp∂p. CXv ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬

124 {]mh-iyØne-[nIw ImWp-∂p. ""a\p-jy-]p-{X≥'' F∂v tbip kzbsaSpØ \maØn\pt]mepw Zm\o.

7:13˛14 ¬ Hcp ssZhnI e£ym¿∞-ap-≠v.

]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ ""]p{X≥'' F∂ t]cn\v \mev {]tXyI hn`m-K-ßsf kqNn-∏n-°m≥ Ign-bpw.

1. ZqX-∑m¿ (km-[m-c-Wbmbn _lp-h-N-\-Øn¬, H.-t\m. Dev]. 6:2; Ctøm. 1:6; 2:1)

2. bn{km-tb-ens‚ cmPmhv (H.-t\m. 2 iaq. 7:14; k¶o. 2:7; 89:26˛27)

3. bn{km-tb¬P\w apgp-h\mbn (]p-d. 4:22˛23; Bh. 14:1; tlmti. 11:1; aemJn 2:10)

4. bn{km-tb-ey \ymbm-[n-]-∑m¿ (k-¶o. 82:6)

c≠m-asØ D]-tbm-K-am-Wv tbip-hn-t\mSp _‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂Xv. Cu hn[-Øn¬ ""Zmho-Zns‚

]p{X\pw'' ""ssZh-Øns‚ ]p{X\pw'' 2 iaq. 17; k¶o. 2 & 89 F∂n-h-bp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p.

bn{km-tb-ens‚ ""A`n-jn‡ ]Zhn'' Ifn-sem-∂mb A¥y-Ime cmPm-hv F∂ A¿∞Ønsem-gnsI ]g-

b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ ain-lm-sb-∏-‰n Hcn-°epw ""ssZh-]p-{X≥'' F∂p D]-tbm-Kn-®n-ń-√. F∂n-cp-∂mepw Nmhp-

I-S¬ Npcp-fp-I-fn¬ ainlm kqN-I-amb ÿm\-t∏-cp-Iƒ km[m-c-W-amWv (Un£Wdn Hm^v Pokkv

B‚ v Zn tKmkv]¬kv se {]tXyI ]cm-a¿i-ßƒ ImWp-I. t]Pv 770). AXp-t]mse Xs∂ ]g-b-\n-b-

aIme-Øn\pw ]pXn-b-\n-ba Ime-Øn\pw a[y-Øn-ep≈ c≠v sblqZy shfn-∏mSv IrXn-I-fn¬ ""ssZh-]p-

{X≥'' F∂Xv ainlm kqN-I-amb ÿm\-t∏-cm-Wv (H.-t\m. 2 Fkv{Zmkv 7:28; 13:32,37,52; 14:9; 1 lmt\m°v

105:2).

CXv tbip-hns\ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ CXns‚ ]pXn-b-\n-ba ]›m-Øew hnhn[ hn`mK-ß-fnembn

hfsc \∂mbn kwt£-]n-®n-´p-≠v.

1. Ahs‚ ]q¿ΔmkvXnIyw (H.-t\m. 1:1˛18)

2. Ahs‚ \nkvXp-e-amb (I-\y-I) P\\w (a-Ømbn 1:23; eqs°m. 1:31˛35)

3. Ahs‚ kv\m\w (a-Øm. 3:17; a¿s°m. 1:11; eqs°m. 3:22. kz¿§-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ ssZh-Øns‚

i_vZw c≠mw k¶o¿Ø-\-Ønse cmPm-hn-s\bpw sbi-ømhv 53 se I„-X-b-\p-`-hn-°p∂ Zmk-

s\bpw Hcpan∏n-°p-∂p)

4. kmØm-\m-ep≈ Ahs‚ ]co-£-Ww (a-Øm. 4:1˛11; a¿s°m. 1:12,13; eqs°m. 4:1˛13. Xs‚ ]p{X-

XzsØ kwi-bn-°p-∂-Xn\v AYhm Ipd™]£w {Iqip IqSmsX Xs‚ e£yw ]q¿Øo-I-cn-

27

°p-∂Xn\v Ah≥ ]co-£n-°-s∏-´p

5. Akzo-Im-cy G‰p-]-d-®n-ep-Im-cm-ep≈ Ahs‚ ÿnco-I-cWw

a. `qX-ßƒ (a¿s°m. 1:23˛25; eqs°m. 4:31˛37,41; a¿s°m. 3:11-˛12; 5:7)

b. Ahn-izm-kn-Iƒ (a-Øm. 27:43; a¿s°m. 14:61; tbml-. 19:7)

6. Xs‚ injy-∑m-cm-ep≈ Ahs‚ Dd-∏m-°¬

a. aØmbn 14:33; 16:16

b. tbml-∂m≥ 1:34,49; 6:69; 11:27

7. Ahs‚ kzbw Dd-∏m-°¬

a. aØmbn 11:25-˛27

b. tbml-∂m≥ 10:36

8. ssZhsØ ]nXm-sh∂ \ne-bn¬ IpSpw-_-kw-_-‘n-bmb Zr„m-¥-Øns‚ D]-tbmKw

a. ssZhsØ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ""A∫m'' F∂ D]-tbmKw

1) a¿s°mkv 14:36

2) tdma¿ 8:15

3) Kem-Xy¿ 4:6

b. ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ Xs‚- _-‘sØ hnh-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ Ahs‚ ]nXm-sh∂ (]m-

‰o¿˛pathrpathrpathrpathrpathr) Bh¿Øn-®p≈ D]-tbmKw

Npcp-°-Øn¬ ]g-b-\n-b-ahpw AXns‚ hmKvZ-Ø-ßfpw hn`mKßfpw Adn-bm-hp-∂-h¿°v ""ssZh-]p-{X≥''

F∂ ÿm\-t∏-cn\v al-Ømb ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-amb A¿∞-ap-≠v. F∂m¬ ]pXn-b-\n-ba Fgp-Øp-

Im¿°v AXv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn¬ ssha-\-ky-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ImcWw PmXn-I-fpsS CS-bn¬ ""ssZhßƒ''

kv{XoIsf `mcy-am-cmbn FSpØv Ah-cn¬ ""cm£-k-∑m¿'' P\n-°p-∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn®p≈ hnizmkw \ne-

\n-∂n-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ Cu D]-tbm-K-sØ-°p-dn®v Ah¿°v ktμ-l-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

1:2 ""hnip≤ tcJIfn¬ Xs‚ {]hmNI∑m¿ apJm¥cw apºpIq´n hmKvZØw sNbvX'' Cu {Inb

`qXIme a[ya (Unt∏mW‚ v) kqNIamWv. ]usemkns‚ teJ\ßfn¬ am{Xta CXp]tbmKn®n´p≈q.

(ChnsSbpw 2 sImcn. 9:5 epw). kphntijw ssZhØn\v sshIn h∂ Nn¥b√, adn®v Ahs‚ \nXyhpw

tkmt±iy]chpam ]≤XnbmWv (H.t\m. Dev]. 3:5; 12:3; ]pd. 19:5; sbi. 53; k¶o. 118; a¿s°m. 10:45;

eqs°m. 2:22; {]hr. 2:23; 3:18; 4:28; XosØm. 1:2). {]hrØnIfnse BZy {]kwKßƒ (sIdn‹) tbiphns\

]gb\nba hmKvZØ-ßfpsSbpw {]hN\ßfpsSbpw \nhrØnbmbn AhXcn∏n°p∂p.

c≠p s]mXphmb coXnbnemWv ]gb \nbasØ ]pXnb \nbaØn¬ ]cam¿in°p∂Xv.

1. ""FgpXnbncn°p∂p'' (AYhm ""FgpØpIfn¬'' 2 Xnsam. 3:16; 2 ]s{Xm. 3:16).

2. XncpshgpØv (ØpIƒ)

{]hmNI∑mtcmSp _‘s∏SpØnbpw AXns\ ]cam¿in°p∂p. sblqZ a\ n¬ {]hmNI∑mcmWv

XncpshgpØpIƒ FgpXnbXv.

1. ""\ymb{]amWhpw {]hmNI∑mcpw'' aØmbn 5:17˛18; eqs°m. 24:44 epw ImWpI.

2. ""{]hN\w'' eqs°m. 24:27

3. ""{]hmNI∑mcpsS FgpØpIƒ'' aØm. 26:56; tdma. 16:26 (tdma. 1:26 ¬ "{]hmNI∑m¿' F∂p

]d™ncn°p∂p).

4. ""XncpshgpØnse {]hN\w'' 2 ]s{Xm. 1:20

""hnip≤'' AYhm ""Xncp'' \mahntijWw tN¿Øn´p≈ c≠p kw`hßƒ D≠v.

1. ""hnip≤ tcJIƒ'' adp`mKØv ""{]hmNI∑m¿'' F∂pw ]dbp∂p (tdma. 1:1)

2. ""XncpshgpØv'' 2 Xnsam. 3:14,16

{]tXyI ]T\ hnjbw: BZna k -bpsS sIdn‹mA. ]gb \nb-a-Øn¬ ssZhw sNbvXncn-°p∂ hmKvZ-Ø-ßƒ tbip ain-lm-bpsS hc-hn¬ \nhr-

Øn-bm-bn-cn-°p∂p ({]hr. 2:30; 3:19,24; 10:43; 26:6-˛7,22; tdma. 1:2˛4; 1 Xnsam. 3:16; F{_m 1:1˛2; 1

]s{Xm. 1:10-˛12, 2 ]s{Xm. 1:18-˛19).

B. ssZhw tbip-hns\ Ahs‚ kv\m\-Øn¬ ainlm Bbn A`n-tjIw sNbvXp ({]hr. 10:38).

C. tbip kv\m\-Øn\p tijw Keo-e-bn¬ Xs‚ ip{iqj Bcw-`n®p ({]-hr. 10:37).

28

D. ssZh-i-‡n-bm¬ \∑ sNøp-∂Xpw hocy-{]-hr-Øn-Iƒ sNøp-∂Xpw Ahs‚ ip{iq-j-bpsS khn-

ti-j-X-I-fmbncp∂p (a¿s°m 10:45; {]hr. 2:22; 10:38).

E. ssZh-Øns‚ \nXy\n¿Æ-b-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®v ainlm {Iqin-°-s∏´p (a¿s°m. 10:45; tbml. 3:16;

{]hr. 2:23; 3:13˛15,18; 4:11; 10:39; 26:23; tdma. 8:34; 1 sImcn. 1:17-˛18; 15:3; Kem. 1:4; F{_m. 1:3; 1

]s{Xm. 1:2,19; 3:18; 1 tbml. 4:10).

F. Ah≥ acn-®-h-cn¬ \n∂pw Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂¬°p-Ibpw Xs‚ injy-∑m¿°v {]Xy-£-\m-Ibpw

sNbvXp ({]-hr. 2:24,31˛32; 3:15,26; 10:40˛41; 17:31; 26-:23; tdma. 8:34; 10:9; 1 sImcn. 15:4˛7, 12 apX¬;

1 sX . 1:10; 1 Xnsam. 3:16; 1 ]s{Xm. 1:2; 3:18,21).

G. ssZhw tbip-hns\ Db¿Øp-Ibpw ""I¿Ømhv'' F∂ \maw \¬Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp ({]-hr. 2:25˛29,

33˛36; 3:13; 10:36; tdma. 8:34; 10:9; 1 Xnsam. 3:16; G{_m 1:3; 1 ]s{Xm. 3:22).

H. ssZh-Øns‚ ]pXnb kaq-l-Øns‚ cq]o-I-c-W-Øn-\mbn Ah≥ ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns\ \¬In

({]-hr. 1:8; 2:14˛18,38˛39; 10:44-˛47; 1 ]s{Xm. 1:12).

I. Ah≥ \ymb-hn-[n°pw kI-e-Øn-s‚bpw bYm-ÿm-]-\-Øn-\p-ambn ho≠pw hcpw ({]hr. 3:20-

˛21, 10:42; 17:31; 1 sImcn. 15:20-˛28; 1 sX . 1:10).

J. ktμiw tIƒ°p∂ F√m-hcpw am\-km-¥-c-s∏´v kv\m\w G¬°Ww ({]-hr. 2:21,38; 3:19;

10:43,47˛48; 17:30; 26:20; tdma. 1:17; 10:9; 1 ]s{Xm. 3:21).

]pXnb \nb-a-Ønse hyXykvX Fgp-Øp-Im¿ Ah-cpsS {]kw-K-ß-fpsS Hcp `mKw am{Xw \evIp-

Itbm As√-¶n¬ a‰p hni-Zmw-i-ßƒ°v Du∂¬ \¬Ip-Itbm sNbvXn-cn-°p∂p-sh-¶nepw CXmWv BZna

k`-bpsS {]kw-ß-fpsS BI-am\ cq]-tc-J. a¿s°m-kns‚ kphn-tijw ]q¿W-ambpw sIdn‹m kw_-

‘n® ]s{Xm-kns‚ coXn ]n¥p-S-cp-∂p. a¿s°mkv tdmanse ]s{Xm-kns‚ {]kw-K-ßsf Fgp-X-s∏´

kphn-ti-j-am°n am‰n-b-Xmbn ]c-º-cm-K-X-ambn hniz-kn®pt]mcp-∂p. aØm-bnbpw eqs°mkpw a¿s°m-

kns‚ ASn-ÿm\ LS-\sb ]n¥p-S-cp-∂p.

""kphntijØn\mbn'' Cu kμ¿`Øn¬ Fbnkv F∂ KXnbpsS D]tbmKw (hm. 5 epw) ]usemkns‚

""KXnbpsS D]tbmKw (hm. 5 epw) ]usemkns‚ ""hnfn''bpsSbpw (hm. 2) ""th¿Xncn°ens‚bpw'' Dt±iyw

shfns∏SpØp∂p.

""\√Xv'' (Fbp) ""ktμiw'' (B≥sKtemkv) F∂o ]ZßfpsS kwbp‡amWp kphntijw. ssZh-

Øns‚ hmKvZØ ainltbmSp (H.t\m. hm. 3˛4) _‘s∏´v ]pXnb DSºSbn¬ (H.t\m. bnsc. 31:31˛34;

sbsl. 36:22˛32) shfns∏SpØnbncn°p∂ D]tZißsf hniZoIcn°p∂ ]ZamWXv. AXv ""Xs‚ ]p{Xs\-

°pdn®p≈'' kphntijamWv (hm. 1,2).

CXp ]usemkns‚ kphntija√, ssZhØns‚ kphntijamWv (H.t\m. 15:16; a¿s°m. 1:14; 2 sImcn.

11:7; 1 sX . 2:2,8,9; 1 ]s{Xm. 4:17). ]usemkv Hcp \hot\m]tZiw ]dbp∂ht\m kwkvImcßsf IqńbnW-

°p∂ht\m A√, adn®v X\n°p e`n® kXyw {]Jym]n°p∂h\mWv (H.t\m. {]hr. 9; 1 sImcn. 1:18˛25).

""th¿Xncn®p'' Xm≥ ]q¿ΔImeØv ssZhØm¬ th¿Xncn°s∏SpIbpw (H.t\m. bnsc. 1:5; Kem. 1:15)

Ct∏mgpw B Ahÿbn¬ XpScpIbpw sNøp∂p F∂p kqNn∏n°p∂ ]q¿Æ I¿ΩnWn A]q¿Æ {Inb-

bmWnXv. ""]coi≥'' F∂Xn\p≈ Acmay ]ZØns‚ Zzbm¿∞ {]tbmKamWnXv. Ahsct∏mse ]usemkpw

sblqZ \nbahmZ-Øn\v th¿Xncn°s∏´h\mbncp∂p (^nen. 3:5, ZakvsImkv tdmUn¬ h®v tbiphns\

I≠pap´p∂Xn\v apºv) F∂m¬ Ct∏mƒ Ah≥ kphntijØn\pth≠n th¿Xncn°s∏ńcn°p∂p.

CXv ""hnip≤w'' F∂ F{_mb]ZtØmSp _‘s∏ńcn°p∂p (BDB 872), AXn\¿∞w ""ssZhnI

D]tbmKØn\mbn th¿Xncn°s∏´Xv'' F∂mWv (H.t\m. ]pd. 19:6; 1 ]s{Xm. 2:5). ""hnip≤≥,'' ""hnip≤o-

Icn°pI,'' ""th¿Xncn°pI'' F∂o ]Zßsf√mw ""hnip≤w'' (lmKntbmkv) F∂ {Ko°p aqe]ZØn¬

\n∂pw h∂n´p≈Xv.

""tbip{InkvXphns‚''

NASB, TEV, NJB, REB ""{InkvXptbip''

NKJV, NRSV ""tbip{InkvXp''

""{InkvXptbip'' F∂Xv IqSpX¬ Akm[mcWamIbm¬ AXmbncn°Ww aqe{KŸØnep≈Xv

(H.t\m. MSS P10, B) UBS4 AXn\v B td‰nwKv (GXm≠v Dd∏p≈Xv) \¬Ip∂p. F¶nepw as‰ cq]Øn\pw

\√ km£nIfp≠v (H.t\m. MSS, P26 , a, A, D, G IqSmsX an° BZna k`m]nXm°∑mcpw).

]mT\ncq]WØns‚ \nKa\ßƒ°mbn A\p_‘w 2 ImWpI. an° ]mT hyXnbm\ßfpw ChnsS

ImWp∂Xpt]mse {Ko°p]ZØns‚ ASnÿm\ A¿∞sØ _m[n°mØhbmWv.

""As∏mkvXe\pw'' CXv Ahs‚ Xncs™Sp∏√, ssZhØnt‚XmWv (H.t\m. {]hr. 9:15; Kem. 1:15;

29

Fs^. 3:7). Cu {]tbmKØneqsS Xs‚ BflnI tbmKyXIfpw A[nImchpw Xm≥ Hcn°epw I≠n´n√mØ

k`sb ]usemkv Adnbn°p∂p (1 sImcn. 1:1; 2 sImcn. 1:1; Kem. 1:1; Fs^. 1:1; sImsem. 1:1; 1 Xnsam. 1:1;

XosØm. 1:1 F∂nhnSßfnset∏mse). 1:6 se {]tXyI ]T\ hnjbw: hnfn°s∏´ ImWpI.

{]tXyI ]T\ hnjbw: Ab-bv°pI

(At∏m-sÃt√m ˛ apostellwapostellwapostellwapostellwapostellw)CXv ""Ab-bv°pI'' F∂-Xn-\p≈ km[m-cW {Ko°p ]ZamWv (At∏m-sÃt√m ˛ apostellwapostellwapostellwapostellwapostellw)).

Cu ]Z-Øn\p ssZim-kv{X-]-c-amb \nc-h[n D]-tbm-K-ß-fp-≠v.

1. d∫n-am¿ CXv Hcp-hs‚ HutZym-KnI {]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn Ab-bv°-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp-hs\ hnfn-°p-hm≥

D]-tbm-Kn-®p. Cw•o-jnse ""Aw_m-kn-U¿'' t]mse (H.-t\m. 2 sImcn. 5:20)

2. kphn-ti-j-ßƒ Cu ]Zw ]nXm-hn-\m¬ Ab-bv°-s∏´ tbip-hn\v D]-tbm-Kn®p. tbml-∂m-\n¬

Cu ]Z-Øn\v ain-sslI A¿∞w ssIh-∂p (H.-t\m. aØm. 10:40; 15:24; a¿s°m. 9:37, eqs°m.

9:48 hnti-jm¬ tbml. 4:34; 5:24,30,36,37,38; 6:29,38,39,40,57; 7:29; 8:42; 10:36; 11:42; 17:3,8,18,21,23,25;

20:21). tbip hnizm-kn-Isf Ab-bv°p-∂-Xn\pw CXp-]-tbm-Kn®p (H. t\m. tbml. 17:18; 20:21).

3. ]pXnb \nb-a-Øn¬ CXv injy-∑m¿°p-th≠n D]-tbm-Kn-®p.

a injy-K-W-Ønse Dƒh-e-b-Øn-ep≈ ]¥n-cp-h¿ (H.-t\m. eqs°m. 6:13; {]hr. 1:21-˛22)

b. Hcp {]tXyI Iq´w As∏mkvX-enI klm-bn-Ifpw kl-{]-h¿Ø-Icpw

(1) _¿_mkv (H. t\m. {]hr. 14:4,14)

(2) As{¥m-\n-s°mkpw bp\o-bmhpw (H.-t\m. tdma. 16:7)

(3) As∏m-t√mkv (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 4:6˛9)

(4) I¿Øm-hns‚ ktlm-Z-c-\mb bmt°m_v (H.-t\m. Kem. 1:19)

(5) knezms\mkpw Xnsam-sY-sbmkpw (H.-t\m. 1 sX . 2:6)

(6) XosØm-kns\ BImw (H.-t\m. 2 sImcn. 8:23)

(7) F∏-s{^m-Zn-sØmkns\ BImw (H.-t\m.- ^n-en. 2:25)

c. k`-bn¬ XpS-∂p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ Hcp hcw (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 12:28-˛29; Fs^. 4:11)

4. {InkvXp-hns‚ {]Xn-\n[n F∂ \nen¬ \n\°p e`n® ssZh-Z-Ø-amb A[n-Im-csØ Du∂n-∏-d-

bp-∂-Xn-\p≈ am¿K-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ ]usemkv Xs‚ an° teJ-\-ß-fnepw Cu t]cv D]-tbm-Kn-

®p (H.-t\m. tdma. 1:1; 1 sImcn 1:1; 2 sImcn 1:1; Kem. 1:1; Fs^. 1:1; sImsem. 1:1; 1 Xosam 1:1; 2

Xnsam 1:1; XosØm. 1:1)

""Zmk\pamb'' Cu Bibw

1. tbip I¿Ømhv F∂Xnt\mSp tN¿∂p t]mIp∂tXm

2. Hcp ]gb\nba _lpam\kqNI ]Zhntbm (H.t\m. tamsi ˛ kwJy. 12:7; tbmip. 1:1; tbmiph ˛

tbmip. 24:29; ZmhoZv ˛ k¶o¿Ø\ßƒ (Xes°´pIƒ); sbi. 42:1,19; 52:13) BImw.

""]usemkv'' ]usemkns‚ ImesØ an° sblqZ∑m¿°pw c≠v H∂mw t]cpIƒ D≠mbncp∂p. H∂v

sblqZ \mahpw at‰Xv tdma≥ \mahpw (H.t\m. {]hr. 13:9). ]usemkns‚ sblqZ \maw iu¬ Bbncp∂p.

bn{kmtbens‚ ]pcmX\ cmPmhns\t∏mse Ah\pw s_\ymao≥ tKm{X°mc\mbncp∂p (H.t\m. tdma.

11:1; nen. 3:5). Ahs‚ tdma≥ \maw ]usemkv F∂mbncp∂p. A¿∞w ""sNdnbh≥.'' CXp kqNn∏n°p∂Xv

1. Ahs‚ sNdnb BImcw ˛ c≠mw \q‰m≠nse AImt\m\nI {KŸamb ]usemkns‚ {]hrØn-

Ifn¬ sX sem\nIysb°pdn®p≈ ""]usemkpw sXIvebpw'' F∂ A≤ymbØn¬ C°mcyw

kqNn∏n°p∂p≠v.

2. Xm≥ k`sb D]{Zhn®ncp∂Xn\m¬ hnip≤∑mcn¬ G‰hpw sNdnbh\mWp Xms\∂ Xs‚ Nn¥mKXn

(H.t\m. 1 sImcn. 15:9; Fs^. 3:8; 1 Xnsam. 1:15).

3. Ahs‚ P\\Øn¬ amXm]nXm°ƒ Ah\v \¬Inb t]cv. CXmbncn°mw IqSpX¬ A\ptbmPyw.

1:3 ""tdmabn¬'' ]usemkv A√ Cu k` Bcw`n®Xv. BcmsW∂v B¿°padnbn√ (apJhpc ImWpI).

CXnt\mSIw ÿm]n°s∏´ Hcp k`bv°v Xs∂ ]cnNbs∏SpØp∂ IØmWv tdmamteJ\w. ]usemkv

{]kwKn® kphntijØns‚ G‰hpw hnIknX cq]amWv tdmamteJ\w. teJ\ØnepS\ofw Xm≥ ]cma¿-

in-°p∂ ({]tXyIn®v A≤ymbw 9˛11) sblqZm, PmXob hnizmknIƒ XΩn¬ \ne\n¬°p∂ kwL¿jØn-

\nS-bnepw B {]mtZinI kmlNcyw teJ\sØ kzm[o\n®n´n√.

""ssZhØn\p {]nbcpw'' tbiphns\°pdn®v Cu ]Zw IqsS°qsS D]tbmKn°p∂p≠v (H.t\m. aØm.

30

3:17; 17:5). ChnsSbnXv tdmanse k`sb kqNn∏n°p∂p. Xs‚ ]p{X\n¬ B{ibw shbv°p∂htcmSp≈

ssZhØns‚ kvt\lØns‚ BgsØ CXp shfns∏SpØp∂p. CØcØnep≈ ssIam‰w Fs^. 1:20

epw (tbiphns\ {]Xnbp≈ ssZhØns‚ {]hrØnIƒ) Fs^. 2:5˛6 epw (hnizmknIsf {]Xnbp≈

tbiphns‚ {]hrØnIƒ) ImWmw.

""hnfn°s∏´ hnip≤∑mcpw''

NASB ""hnip≤∑m¿ F∂ \nebn¬ hnfn°s∏´''

NKJV, NRSV, NJB ""hnip≤∑mcmIm≥ hnfn°s∏´''

TEV ""Xs‚ kz¥P\amIm≥ hnfn°s∏´''

""hnip≤∑m¿'' F∂ ]Zw ]m]clnXmhÿsbb√ {InkvXphnep≈ hnizmknbpsS ÿm\sØbmWp

]cma¿in°p∂Xv (6:4 se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw ImWpI). {Iam\pKX {InkvXym\pcq]ysØbpw AXp

hnhcn°p∂p. ^nen. 4:21 ¬ HgnsI as‰√mbnSØpw Cu ]Zw _lphN\amWv. F¶nepw AhnsSbpw AXv

Iq´mbn´p≈XmWv. {InkvXym\n Bbncn°pI F∂Xv Hcp kaqlØns‚, Hcp IpSpw_Øns‚, Hcp icocØn-

s‚ AwKambncn°pI F∂XmWv.

]usemkv Hcp As∏mkvXe\mIm≥ hnfn°s∏´p F∂p hm. 1 kqNn∏n°p∂p. hm. 7 ¬ hnizmknIƒ

""tbip{InkvXphn∂mbn hnfn°s∏ńcn°p∂p'' F∂p ImWp∂p. hm. 23 ¬ hnizmknIsf ""hnip≤∑m¿''

F∂p hnfn°p∂p. Cu hnfn ssZhw ap≥IsøSpØ ap≥KW\ F∂ kXysØ {]kvXmhn°p∂Xn\p≈

]pXnb\nba ssienbmWv (1:6 se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw ImWpI). hoWpt]mb a\pjy\v Xs∂Øm≥

hnfn-°phm≥ IgnbpIbn√ (H.t\m. 3:9˛13; sbi. 53:6; 1 ]s{Xm. 2:25). ssZhw F√mbvt]mgpw ap≥IsøSp°p∂p

(H.t\m. tbml. 6:44, 65; 15:16). Ah≥ F√mbvt]mgpw DSºSn sIm≠phcp∂p (9:4 se {]tXyI ]T\hnj-

bw ImWpI). \ΩpsS c£sb kw_‘n®pw (\ΩpsSta¬ IW°nSp∂ \oXn AYhm \nba-]camb

\n¬∏v) \ΩpsS ê{]Zamb ip{iqjbv°pw (H.t\m. 1 sImcn. 12:7,11) {InkvXob PohnX-Øn\pw D≈

hißsf kw_‘n®pw CXp kXyamWv. Xmsg°mWp∂ {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw ImWpI.

{]tXyI ]T\ hnjbw: hnip≤∑m¿ImZmjv F∂ F{_mb ]ZØns‚ XØpey {Ko°p ]ZamWnXv. AXn\¿∞w btlmhbpsS

{]tXyI D]tbmKØn\mbn Hcp hy‡nsb, hkvXphns\, Hcp ÿesØ, th¿Xncn°pI F∂mWv

(BDB 871). ""]hn{Xw'' F∂ BibamWnXn\p≈Xv. btlmh Xs‚ {]IrXn (krjvSn°s∏SmØ \nXy

Bflmhv), kz`mhw ([m¿ΩnI ]q¿ÆX) F∂nhbm¬ a\pjy\n¬\n∂pw th¿s]ńcn°p∂p. a‰p≈

kIesØbpw Af°pIbpw hn[n°pIbpw sNøm\p≈ am\ZfiamWh≥. Ah≥ AXo{μnb\mb

hnip≤≥ BWv.

ssZhw a\pjys\ Iq´mbvabv°mbn krjvSn®p F¶nepw hogvN (Dev]. 3) hnip≤\mb ssZhØn\pw

]m]nbmb a\pjy\panSbn¬ _‘pXz]chpw [m¿ΩnIhpamb XS w krjvSn®p. hnthN\ i‡nbp≈

Xs‚ krjvSnsb bYmÿm\s∏SpØp∂Xv ssZhw Xncs™SpØp. AXn\m¬ Xs‚ P\tØmSv

""hnip≤cmIpI'' F∂v Ah≥ Blzm\w sNbvXpsIm≠ncn°p∂p (H.t\m. tehy. 11:44; 19:2; 20:7,26;

21:8). btlmhbpambp≈ hnizmk _‘ØneqsS, Ah\nep≈ DSºSn ÿm\w apJm¥chpw XpS¿am\-

amb hnip≤PohnXw apJm¥chpw Ah¿ hnip≤cmbnØocp∂p (H.t\m. aØm. 5:48).

Cu hnip≤ PohnXw km[yamIp∂Xv, tbiphns‚ PohnXhpw {]hrØnbpw apJm¥cw hnizmknIƒ

]q¿Æambn AwKoIcn°s∏SpIbpw ]m]£a {]m]n°pIbpw sNøp∂XneqsSbpw AhcpsS a\ nepw

lrZbØnepw ]cnip≤mflmhns‚ km∂n[yw D≠mIp∂XneqsSbpw BWv. CXp sshcp[ymflI

kmlNcyw krjvSn°p∂p.

1. {InkvXphns‚ \oXn IW°nSp∂Xn\m¬ hnip≤mcp∂p

2. ]cnip≤mflmhns‚ km∂n[yØm¬ hnip≤cmbn Pohn°phm≥ hnfn°s∏Sp∂p

hnizmknIƒ ""hnip≤¿'' (lmKntbmbn) Bbncn°p∂Xn\p ImcWw (1) ]cnip≤\mbhs‚ (]nXmhv)

CjvSw; (2) ]cnip≤ ]p{Xs‚ (tbip) {]hrØn; (3) ]cnip≤mflmhns‚ km∂n[yw F∂nhbmWv.

]pXnb \nbaw F√mbvt∏mgpw hnip≤∑m¿ F∂ _lphN\amWv D]tbmKn°p∂Xv (Hcp {]mhiyw

^nen. 4:21 ¬ HgnsI; AhnsSbpw kμ¿`w kqNn∏n°p∂Xv _lphN\amWv). c£n°s∏SpI F∂m¬

Hcp IpSpw_Øns‚, Hcp icocØns‚, Hcp sIńSØns‚ `mKambnØocpI F∂mWv! thZ]pkvXI

hnizmkw Bcw`n°p∂Xv hy‡n]camb AwKoIcWtØmsSbmWv F¶nepw, ew H∂n®p≈ Iq´mbva-

bmWv. {InkvXphns‚ icocØns‚ (k`, 1 sImcn. 12:7) BtcmKyw, hf¿®, kpKaamb apt∂‰w F∂nh-

bv°mbn \mtamtcmcpØcpw hc{]m]vXcmbncn°p∂p (H.t\m. 1 sImcn. 12:11). \mw c£n°s∏´Xv

tkhn°m\mWv! hnip≤n Hcp IpSpw_kz`mhamWv!

31

1:4 ""\ΩpsS ]nXmhmb ssZhØn¬ \n∂pw I¿Ømhmb tbip{InkvXphn¶¬ \n∂pw'' ]usemkv

]Xnhmbn c≠p \maßƒ°pw Hcp KXn Xs∂ D]tbmKn°p∂p (H.t\m. 1 sImcn. 1:3; 2 sImcn. 1:3; Kem. 1:3;

Fs^. 1:2; ^nen. 1:2; 2 sX . 1:2; 1 Xnsam. 1:2; 2 Xnsam. 1:2; XosØm. 1:4). {XnXzØnse Cu c≠v BfXz-

ßsf hymIcW]cambn _‘n∏n°p∂ ]usemkns‚ Hcp coXnbmWnXv. tbiphns‚ ssZhXzsØbpw

]nXm-hnt\mSp≈ kaXzsØbpamWnXv {]Jym]n°p∂Xv.

{]tXyI ]T\ hnjbw: ssZhØns‚ ]nXrXzwI. ]gb \nbaw

A. {kjvSmsh∂ \nebn¬ ssZhw ]nXmhmWv F∂ kqN\

1. Dev]. 1:26˛27

2. aem. 2:10

3. {]hr. 17:28

B. ]nXmhv F∂ hnhn[ A¿∞Øn¬ kqNn∏n®ncn°p∂ kmZriyamWv

1. bn{kmtbens‚ ]nXmhv (Xncs™Sp∏neqsS)

a. ""]p{X≥'' ˛ ]pd. 4:22; Bh. 14:1; 39:5; sbi. 1:2; 63:16; 64:8; bnsc. 3:19; 31:20; tlmti.

1:10; 11:1; aem. 1:6

b. ""BZyPmX≥'' ˛ ]pd. 4:22; bnsc. 31:9

2. bn{kmtb¬ cmPmhns‚ ]nXmhv (ainsslI)

a. 2 iaq. 7:11˛16

b. k¶o. 2:7; {]hr. 13:33; F{_m. 1:5; 5:5

c. tlmti. 11:1; aØm. 2:15

3. kvt\ln°p∂ ]nXmhv/amXmhv F∂ kmZriyw

a. ]nXmhv (kmZriyw)

(1) aIs\ hln°p∂p ˛ Bh. 1:31

(2) in£n°p∂p ˛ Bh. 8:5; kZr. 3:12

(3) IcpXp∂p (DZm. ]pd∏mSv) ˛ Bh. 32:1

(4) Dt]£n°pIbn√ ˛ k¶o. 27:10

(5) kvt\ln°p∂p ˛ k¶o. 103:13

(6) kvt\lnX≥/hgnIm´n ˛ bnsc. 3:4

(7) kuJyZmbI≥/£an°p∂h≥ ˛ bnsc. 3:22

(8) IcpW ImWn°p∂h≥ ˛ bnsc. 31:20

(9) ]cnioen∏n°p∂h≥ ˛ tbmti. 11:1-4

(10) {]tXyI ]p{X≥ ˛ aem. 3:17

b. amXmhv (kmZriyw)

(1) HcpImeØpw Dt]£n°pIbn√ ˛ k¶o. 27:10

(2) apeIpSn∏n°p∂ AΩsbt∏mse ˛ sbi. 49:15; 66:9˛13; tlmti. 11:4

I. ]pXnb \nbaw

A. {XnXzw (aqhscbpw ]cma¿in®ncn°p∂ thZ`mKßƒ)

1. kphntijßƒ

a. aØm. 3:16˛17; 28:19

b. tbml. 14:26

2. ]usemkv

a. tdma. 1:4˛5; 5:1,5; 8:1˛4,8˛10

b. 1 sImcn. 2:8˛10; 12:4˛6

c. 2 sImcn. 1:21; 13:14

d. Kem. 4:4˛6

e. Fs^. 1:3˛14,17; 2:18; 3:14˛17; 4:4

f. 1 sX . 1:2˛5

g. 2 sX . 2:13

h. XosØm. 3:4˛6

3. ]s{Xmkv ˛ 1 ]s{Xm. 1:2

4. bqZm ˛ hm. 20˛21

B. tbip

32

1. tbip ""GIPmX≥'' F∂ \nebn¬ ˛ tbml. 1:18; 3:16,18; 1 tbml. 4:9

2. tbip ""ssZh]p{X≥'' F∂ \nebn¬ ˛ aØm. 4:13; 14:33; 16:16; eqs°m. 1:32,35; tbml.

1:34,49; 6:69; 11:27

3. tbip {]nb]p{X≥ F∂ \nebn¬ ˛ aØm. 3:17; 17:5

4. ]nXmhns\ A∫m F∂v tbip hnfn°p∂Xv ˛ a¿s°m. 14:36

5. X\n°pw \ap°pw ssZhtØmSp≈ _‘w kqNn∏n°p∂Xn\mbn tbip k¿Δ\maßƒ

D]tbmKn°p∂Xv ˛ tbml. 1:18; 3:16,18; 1 tbml. 4:9

a. ""Fs‚ ]nXmhv'' tbml. 5:18; 10:30,33; 19:7; 20:17

b. ""RßfpsS ]nXmhv'' aØm. 6:9,14,26

C. ssZhhpw a\pjy\pambp≈ Bgamb _‘w hnhcn°p∂Xn\p]tbmKn®ncn°p∂ At\I

IpSpw_]camb kmZriyßfn¬ H∂v

1. ssZhw ]nXmsh∂ \nebn¬

2. hnizmknIƒ

a. ssZhØns‚ ]p{X∑m¿

b. a°ƒ

c. ssZhØn¬\n∂p P\n®h¿

d. ho≠pw P\n®h¿

e. ZsØSp°s∏´h¿

f. hnfn®ptN¿Øh¿

g. ssZhØns‚ IpSpw_w

""I¿Ømhmb'' sblqZ aXØn¬ ssZhØns‚ DSºSn \maamb btlmh AXn]cnip≤ambncp∂Xn\m¬

d∫nam¿ Cu mKw hmbn°ptºmƒ btlmhbpsS \maw hrYm FSp°p∂XneqsS ]Øp Iev]\ ewLn°pw

F∂p `b∂v (H.t\m. ]pd. 20:7; Bh. 5:11) AXn\p ]Icw ""I¿Ømhv'' (AtUm¨) F∂ ]Zw D]tbmKn®p

h∂p. ]pXnb\nba FgpØpIm¿ tbiphns\ ""I¿Ømhv'' (Iqdntbmkv) F∂v ssZhimkv{X]camb

kμ¿`ßfn¬ hnfn°ptºmƒ Ahs‚ ssZhXzsØbmWh¿ Du∂n∏dbp∂Xv (H.t\m. {]hr. 2:36; tdma.

10:9--˛13; ^nen. 2:6˛11).

{]tXyI ]T\ hnjbw: ssZhnI \ma-ßƒA. G¬ (BDB 42, KB 48)

1. ssZh-Øn-\p-ff s]mXp-hmb ]pcm-X\ \ma-Øns‚ bYm¿∞ A¿∞w \n›-b-an-√, F¶nepw

At\I ]WvUn-X-∑m¿ hniz-kn-°p-∂Xv AXv ""_e-hm-\m-bn-cn-°pI'' AYhm ""i‡-\m-bn-cn-

°pI'' F∂¿∞-ap≈ At°m-Un-b≥ aqe-Øn¬ \n∂pw D≠m-b-Xm-sW-∂mWv (H.-t\m. Dev].

17:1; kwJy 23:19; Bh. 7:21; k¶o. 50:1)

2. I\m\y tZh-K-W-Øn¬ D∂-X-tZ-h≥ G¬ BWv (dmjv i{am ]mT-ßƒ)

3. ss__n-fn¬ G¬ km[m-c-W-bmbn a‰p ]Z-ß-fp-ambn kwtbm-Pn-∏n-®mWv ]d-bm-dp-≈Xv. Cu

kwbp-‡-ßƒ ssZh-Øns‚ kz`m-hsØ hnti-jn-∏n-°p∂ am¿§-ambn amdn.

a. G¬-˛-F-teym≥ (A-Xyp-∂X ssZhw, BDB 42 & 909), Dev]. 14:18-˛22; Bh. 32:8; sbi. 14:14

b. G¬-˛-tcmbn (""ImWp∂ ssZhw,'' AYhm ""kzbw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ ssZhw'' BDB 42 &909), Dev]. 16:13

c. G¬-˛-j±mbn (""k¿Δ-i-‡-\mb ssZhw,'' ""k¿Δm-izm-k-ßfpsSbpw ssZhw'' AYhm ""]¿h-

X-ß-fpsS ssZhw'' BDB 42 & 994), Dev]. 17:1; 35:11; 43:14; 49:25; ]pd. 6:3

d. G¬-˛-Hemw (\nXy-\mb ssZhw, BDB 42 & 761), Dev]. 21:33. Cu \maw Zmho-Zn-t\m-Sp≈

ssZh-Øns‚ hmKvZ-Ø-hp-ambn ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-ambn _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p, 2 i-aq. 7:13,16

e. G¬-˛-s_coØv (""DS-º-Sn-bpsS ssZhw'', BDB 42 & 136), \ymbm. 9:46

4. G¬ s\ Xpey-\mbn Nn{XoI-cn-®n-cn-°p∂p:

a. btlm-h, k¶o. 85:8; sbi. 42:5 ¬

b. Ftem-low, Dev]. 46:3; Ctøm. 5:8 ¬ ""Rm≥ G¬ BIp∂p; \ns‚ ]nXm-hns‚ G¬

Xt∂''

c. j±mbn, Dev]. 49:25 ¬

d. ""Xo£vWX'' ]pd. 34:14; Bh. 4:24; 5:9; 6:15 ¬

33

e. ""IcpW'' Bh. 4:31; s\sl. 9:31 ¬

f. ""hen-b-h\pw `b-¶-c\pw'' Bh. 7:21; 10:17; s\sl. 1:5; 9:32; Zm\o. 9:4 ¬

g. ""⁄m\w'' 1 iaq. 2:3 ¬

h. ""Fs‚ _e-ap≈ kt¶Xw'' 2 iaq. 22:33 ¬

i. ""Fs‚ {]Xn-Im-c-I≥'' 2 iaq. 22:48 ¬

j. ""]cn-ip-≤≥'' sbi. 5:16 ¬

k. ""i‡n'' sbi. 10:21 ¬

l. ""Fs‚ c£'' sbi. 12:2 ¬

m. ""al-Xzhpw h√-`Xzpw'' bnsc. 32:18 ¬

n. ""{]Xn-Im-c-I≥'' bnsc. 51:56 ¬

5. ssZh-Øn\p ]gb \nb-a-Øn¬ ImWp∂ F√m {][m\ t]cp-I-fp-sSbpw kwbp‡w tbmiph

22:22 ImWmw (G¬, Ftem-low, btlm-h, Bh¿Øn-®n-cn-°p-∂p)

B. Fteym≥ (BDB 751, KB 832)1. CXns‚ ASn-ÿm\ A¿∞w ""Db¿∂-Xv,'' ""D∂-X-am-bXv'' AYhm ""Db¿Ø-s∏-´-h≥'' (H.-t\m.

Dev]. 40:17; 1 cmPm. 9:8; 2 cmPm. 18:17; s\sl. 3:25; bnsc. 20:2; 36:10; k¶o. 18:13).

2. CXv ssZh-Øns‚ a‰-t\I \ma-ßƒ°v kam-¥-c-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂p

a. Ftemlow ˛ k¶o. 47:1˛2; 73:11; 107:11

b. btlmh ˛ Dev]. 14:22; 2 iaq. 22:14

c. G¬˛j±mbn ˛ k¶o. 91:1,9

d. G¬ ˛ kwJy. 24:16

e. Gem ˛ Zm\o-tb¬ 2˛6, F{km 4˛7 epw an°-t∏mgpw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p, Zm\o. 3:26; 4:2;

5:18,21 ¬ C√m-bn¿ (""D-∂X ssZhw'' F∂-Xn-\p≈ Acmay ]Zw) F∂-Xn-t\mSp tN¿Øv.

3. bn{km-tb-ey-c-√m-Ø-hcpw Cu ]Zw ]e-t∏mgpw D]-b-Kn-®n-´p-≠v.

a. a¬°o-tk-sZ-°v, Dev]. 14:18˛22

b. _nse-bmw, kwJy. 24:16

c. tamsi, PmXn-I-sf-°p-dn®p ]d-bp-tºmƒ, Bh. 32:8

d. PmXn-Iƒ°p-th≠n Fgp-Xnb eqs°m-kns‚ kphn-tijw {Ko°p kam-\-]-Z-amb lp]vkn-

tÃmkv D]tbm-Kn-°p∂p (H.-t\m. 1:32,35,76; 6:35; 8:28; {]hr. 7:48; 16:17)

C. Ftemlow (_-lp-h-N-\w), Ftemlv (G-I-h-N-\w) {][m-\-ambpw Ihn-X-bn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p (BDB43, KB 52)1. ]gb \nb-a-Øn\p shfn-bn¬ Cu ]Zw ImWp-∂n-√.

2. CXv bn{km-tb-ens‚ ssZh-sØtbm PmXn-I-fpsS tZh-∑m-sctbm kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p (H.-t\m. ]pd.

12:12; 20:3). A{_m-lm-ans‚ IpSpw_w _lp-ssZh hnizm-kn-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p (H.-t\m.- tbm-ip. 24:2).

3. CXv bn{km-tbey \ymbm-[n-]-∑msc kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p (H.-t\m. ]pd. 21:6; k¶o. 82:6).

4. Ftemlow F∂ ]Zw CXc Bflob Pohn-Iƒ°pw (Zq-X-∑m¿, ]nim-Np-°ƒ) Bh¿Ø-\-Øn¬

D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p≠v (B-h. 32:8; k¶o. 8:5; Ctøm. 1:6; 38:7).

5. ss__n-fn¬ ssZh-Øn-\p≈ BZy \ma-am-WnXv (H.-t\m. Dev]. 1:1). Dev]. 2:4 ¬ AXv btlm-h-

tbmSp tN¿Øp ]d-bp-∂p. AXv ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-ambn (ssZ-h-im-kv{X-]-c-am-bn) ssZhsØ {kjvSm-

hv, ]cn-]m-e-I≥, Cu {Kl-Ønse apgp-h≥ Poh-s‚bpw ZmXmhv F∂o \ne-bn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-

∂p (Hm.-t\m. k¶o. 104).

G¬ F∂-Xns‚ ]cym-b-am-bn´pw CXp-]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p (H.-t\m. Bh. 32:15-˛19). btlm-hbv°p

kam-¥-c-am-bn´pw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p ˛ k¶o¿Ø\w 14 (F-tem-lnw) k¶o. 53 (b-tlm-h) F∂nh

ssZhnI \ma-ß-fnse hyXymkw HgnsI Hcp-t]m-se-bm-Wv.

6. CXp _lp-h-N-\hpw, CXc tZh-∑m¿°p-th≠n D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂XpamsW¶nepw an°-t∏mgpw

bn{km-tb-ens‚ ssZh-sØ-bmWv Ipdn-°p-∂Xv. CXp _lp-h-N-\-am-sW-¶nepw km[m-c-W-bmbn

GI-ssZh kqN\ \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\mbn CXn-t\m-sSm∏w GI-h-N-\ -{In-b-bmWp]tbm-Kn-°m-dp-≈Xv.

7. bn{km-tb-ey¿ A√m-Ø-hcpw ssZh-Øns‚ t]cmbn Cu ]Zw D≤-cn-®n-´p-≠v.

a. a¬°o-tk-sZ-°v, Dev]. 14:18˛22



8. bn{km-tb-ens‚ GI ssZh-Øns‚ \maw _lp-h-N-\-am-sW∂Xv Akm-[m-c-W-amWv. Dd-∏mb

\nKa-\-Øn-se-Øm-\m-hn-s√-¶nepw AXp kw_-‘n® kn≤m-¥-ßƒ Ch-bm-Wv.

34

a. F{_mb mj-bn¬ Du∂-en\pth≠n _lp-h-N\w D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xp km[m-c-Wam-Wv. CXn-

t\mSv G‰hpw ASpØp \n¬°p-∂Xv F{_m-b-bnse ]n¬°me hymI-cW khn-ti-j-X-

bmb ""Hu∂-Xy-Øns‚ _lp-h-N\w'' BWv. Hcp k¶-ev]sØ Db¿Øn ImWn-°m≥ _lp-

h-N\w D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂ coXn-bm-WnXv.

b. ssZhw kz¿§-Øn¬ Xs‚ B⁄bv°p Iogvs∏-Sp-∂-h-tcm-sSm∏w \S-Øp-∂ ZqX Btem-N\

k`sb BImw CXp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv (Hm. t\m. 1 cmPm. 22:19-˛23; Ctøm. 1:6; k¶o. 82:1;

89:5,7).

c. aq∂p Bf-Xz-ß-fn-ep≈ GI-ssZhw F∂ ]pXnb\nba shfn-∏m-Sn-s\bpw CXp kqNn-∏n°m≥

km[y-X-bp≠v. Dev]. 1:1 ¬ ssZhw krjvSn-°p-∂p; Dev]. 1:2 ¬ Bflmhv ]cn-h¿Øn-°p∂p;

]pXnb \nb-a-Øn¬\n∂pw tbip-hmWv krjvSn-bn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ a[y-h¿Øn (H.-t\m. tbml.

1:3,10; tdma. 11:36; 1 sImcn. 8:6; sImsem. 1:15; F{_m. 1:2; 2:10).

D. btlmh (BDB 217, KB 394)1. ssZhsØ DS-ºSn-˛\n¿Ωm-Xmb ssZhw F∂ \ne-bn¬ ]cm-a¿in-°p∂ \ma-am-Wn-Xv; ssZhw

c£-I\pw hos≠-Sp-∏p-Im-c\pw! a\p-jy≥ DS-ºSn ewLn-°p-∂p, F∂m¬ ssZhw Xs‚ hN\w,

hmKvZ-Øw, DS-ºSn F∂n-h-tbmSp hniz-kvXX ]pe¿Øp∂p (H.-t\m. k¶o. 103).

Cu \maw BZy-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂Xv Dev]. 2:4 ¬ Ftem-loan-t\mSp tN¿Øm-Wv. Dev]Øn

1˛2 ¬ c≠v krjvSn-∏n≥ hnh-c-Wß-fn-√, adn®v c≠v Du∂-ep-I-fm-Wp-≈-Xv: (1) ssZhw {]]©

{kjvSmhv (`u-Xn-Iw) F∂ \ne-bn¬; (2) ssZhw a\p-jys‚ {kjvSmhv F∂ \ne-bn¬. a\p-

jys‚ D∂-X-]-Z-hnbpw Dt±-iyhpw kw_-‘n® {]tXyI shfn-∏mSpw B AXpey ]Z-hn-tbmSp

tN¿∂p h∂ ]m] {]iv\hpw a’-chpw Dev]Øn 2:4˛3:24 ¬ Bcw-`n-°p-∂p.

2. Dev]Øn 4:26 ¬ ""B ImeØv btlm-h-bpsS \ma-Øn-ep≈ Bcm-[\ XpSßn'' F∂p tcJ-s∏-

Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. F¶n-epw, ]pd. 6:3 kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv BZna DS-ºSn P\X (tKm-{X-]n-Xm-°-∑m-

cpw Ah-cpsS IpSpw-_-ß-fpw) ssZhsØ F¬˛j-±mbn F∂p am{Xta Adn-™n-cp-∂p≈p F∂m-

Wv. btlmh F∂ \maw Hcp {]mhiyw am{Xta hni-Zo-I-cn-®n-´p-≈p. AXv ]pd. 3:13-˛16 ¬, {]tXy-

In®v hm. 14 ¬ BWv. F¶nepw tamsi-bpsS Fgp-Øp-Iƒ an°-t∏mgpw hm°p-Isf hymJym-\n-

°p-∂Xv k¿h-km-[m-c-W-amb ]Z-hn-\ym-k-ap-]-tbm-Kn-®mWv A√msX ]Z-hyp-Xv]Øn A\p-k-cn-

®√ (H.-t\m. Dev]. 17:5; 27:36; 29:13-˛35). Cu \ma-Øns‚ A¿∞w kw_-‘n®v [mcmfw kn≤m-¥-

ß-fp≠v (1DB, vol 2, pp. 409 - 11 ¬ \ns∂-Sp-Ø-Xv).

a. ""Bg-amb kvt\lw ImWn-°pI'' F∂¿∞-ap≈ Hcp Ad_n aqe-]-Z-Øn¬ \n∂pw.

b. ""DuXpI'' F∂¿∞-ap≈ Ad_n aqe-]-Z-Øn¬ \n∂pw (b-tlmh sImSp-¶m-‰ns‚ tZh-

\mbn)

c. ""kwkm-cn-°pI'' F∂¿∞-ap≈ DKm-dn‰v (I-\m-\y) aqe-]-Z-Øn¬ \n∂pw

d. ""\ne-\n¿Øp-∂-h≥'' As√-¶n¬ ""ÿm]n-°p-∂-h≥'' F∂¿∞-ap≈ Hcp s^mbv\o-jy≥

{]tbm-K-Øn-¬\n∂pw

e. ""Bbn-cn-°p-∂-h≥,'' As√-¶n¬ ""k∂n-ln-X-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂-h≥'' F∂¿∞-ap≈ F{_mb

Jzm¬ ¬ \n∂pw

f. ""tlXp-hm-bn-cn-°p-∂-h≥'' F∂¿∞-ap≈ F{_mb ln^n¬ ¬\n∂pw

g. ""Pohn-°pI'' F∂¿∞-ap≈ Hcp F{_mb aqe-Øn¬\n∂pw (D-Zm. Dev]. 3:20), A¿∞w

""Ft∂-°pw-˛-Po-hn-°p-∂, Poh-\p-≈-˛-G-I≥''

h. ]pd. 3:13˛16 se kμ¿`-Øn¬ \n∂pw Hcp A]q¿Æ cq]w ]q¿Æ A¿∞-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-

°p-∂-Xv, ""Rm≥ Bbn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse Fs∂t∂°pw Bbn-cn°pw'' As√-¶n¬ ""Rm≥

F°m-ehpw Bbn-cp-∂-Xp-t]mse XpS¿∂pw Bbn-cn°pw'' (cf. J. Wash Watts, A Survey ofSyntax in the Old Testament, p. 67). btlmh F∂ ]q¿Æ-\maw an°-t∏mgpw Npcp-s°-gp-

Øm-bnt´m As√-¶n¬ aqe-cq-]-Øntem D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn°m-\mWp km[y-X.

(1) bmlv (D-Zm. lt√-ep-˛-bm-lv, BDB 219, H.-t\m. ]pd. 15:2; 17:16; k¶o. 89:9; 104:35)

(2) bmlp (t]cns‚ Ah-km\w ""bmhv'', DZm. sbi-øm-hv)

(3) tbm (t]cns‚ Bcw-`-Øn¬ ""tbm'', DZm. tbmip-h, tbmth¬)

3. ]n¬°me sblqZ aX-Øn¬ Cu DS-ºSn \maw AXn]cn-ip-≤-am-bn-Øo¿∂-Xn-\m¬ (\m-e-£c

\maw) \mw ]pd. 20:7; Bh. 5:11; 6:13 se Iev]\ ewLn-°-s∏-´mtem F∂p `b∂v bn{km-tb-ey¿

CXv D—-cn-°p-hm≥ aSn-®p. AXp-sIm≠v AXn\p ]I-c-ambn ""DS-a-ÿ≥'', ""bP-am-\≥,'' ""`¿Ømhv-

hv,'' ""I¿Ømhv'' F∂o A¿∞-ß-fp≈ AtUm¨, AYhm AtUm-Wmbn (Fs‚ I¿Øm-hv)

F∂ ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-®p. ]gb \nbaw hmbn®phcp-tºmƒ btlmh F∂ \maw hcp∂nSØv

Ah¿ ""I¿Ømhv'' F∂p hmbn-®p. C°m-c-W-Øm-emWv Cw•ojv ]cn-`m-j-I-fn¬ btlmh F∂-

35

Xn\p ]Icw LORD F∂p]tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

4. G¬ F∂ \ma-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn-se-∂-t]m-se, btlmh F∂ \ma-Øn\pw bn{km-tb-ens‚ DS-

ºSn ssZh-Øns‚ Nne kz`mhkhn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Db¿Øn-°m-Wn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn a‰p ]Z-ßƒ

tN¿Øv kwbp‡ \ma-ßƒ D≠m-°n-bn-´p-≠v. At\I kwbp-‡-\m-a-ßƒ ]d-bm-hp-∂-Xm-sW-

¶n-epw, NneXv ChnsS tN¿°p-∂p.

a. btlm-h˛bntc (b-tlmh Icp-Xn-s°m-≈pw, BDB 217 & 906), Dev]. 22:14

b. btlm-h˛tdmt^°m (b-tlmh \ns‚ kuJy-Zm-b-I≥, BDB 217 & 950, Jzm¬ LSIw),]pd. 15:26

c. btlm-h˛\n n (b-tlmh Fs‚ sImSn, BDB 217 & 651), ]pd. 17:15

d. btlm-h˛sa°m-Znjvt°w (b-tlmh \ns∂ hnip-≤o-I-cn-°p-∂-h≥, BDB 217 & 872, ]ntb¬

LSIw), ]pd. 31:13

e. btlm-h˛imtemw (b-tlmh kam-[m\w, BDB 217 & 1022), \ymbm. 6:24

f. btlm-h˛k_m-thmØv (ssk\y-ß-fpsS b-tlmh, BDB 217 & 878), 1 iaq. 1:3,11; 4:4; 15:2;

an°-t∏mgpw {]hm-NI ]pkvX-I-ß-fn¬

g. btlm-h˛tcm'bn (b-tlmh Fs‚ CS-b≥, BDB 217 & 944, Jzm¬ LSIw), k¶o. 23:1

h. btlm-h˛knZv-s°\p (b-tlmh \ΩpsS \oXn, BDB 217 & 841), bnsc. 23:6

i. btlm-h˛iΩm (b-tlmh AhnsS, BDB 217 & 1027), sbsl. 48:35

""tbip'' tbip F∂ Acmay ]Zw F{_mb ]Zamb tbmiph-bv°p XpeyamWv. ""btlmh,'' ""c£''

F∂o c≠v F{_mb]ZßfpsS kwbp‡amWXv. ""btlmh c£n°p∂p'' Ft∂m, ""btlmh hnSphn°p∂p''

Ft∂m ""btlmh c£bmIp∂p'' Ft∂m BW¿∞w. aØm. 1:21,25 ¬ Cu A¿∞ kqN\ ImWmw.

""{InkvXp'' ainlm (BDB 603) F∂ F{_mb ]ZØns‚ {Ko°p X¿÷abmWnXv. A¿∞w ""A`njn-

‡≥.'' ]gb\nbaØn¬ \nch[n t\Xm°ƒ ({]hmNI∑m¿, ]ptcmlnX∑m¿, cmPm°∑m¿) ssZhnI

Xncs™Sp∏ns‚bpw k÷am°ens‚bpw ASbmfambn A`ntjIw sNøs∏´ncp∂p. tbip Cu aq∂v

A`njn‡ ]ZhnIfpw Ae¶cn®ncp∂p (H.t\m. F{_m. 1:2˛3).

\oXnbpsS ]pXnb bpKw sIm≠phcp∂Xn\mbn ssZhw Hcp {]tXyI ""A`njn‡s\'' Abbv°psa∂v

]gb \nbaw {]hNn®p. tbip Ahs‚ {]tXyI ""Zmk≥,'' ""]p{X≥,'' ""ainlm'' BWv.

{]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: ainlmZm\o-tb¬ 9:6 s\°p-dn-®p≈ Fs‚ hymJym\ Ipdn-∏n¬ \n∂pw FSp-Øn-´p-≈-Xm-Wn-Xv. Cu hmIyw

hymJym\n°p∂Xn\p≈ {]bmkØn\p ImcWw ainlm AYhm A`njn‡t\mSp _‘-s∏´v \ne-

\n∂n-cp∂ hyXykvX A¿∞ßfmWv (BDB 603):1. sblqZcmPm°∑m¿°v D]tbmKn®p (DZm. 1 iaq. 2:10; 12:3)

2. sblqZ ]ptcmlnX∑m¿°v D]tbmKn®p (DZm. tehy. 4:3,5)

3. tImscin\v D]tbmKn®p (DZm. sbi. 45:1)

4. #1-, #2 F∂nh k¶o. 110 epw skJ. 4 epw Hcp-an®p h∂ncn°p∂p

5. \oXnbpsS ]pXnbbpKw ÿm]n°phm\p≈ ssZhØns‚ {]tXyI ZmhoZy cmPmhns\

kqNn∏n°phm≥

a. sblqZm hwiw (Hm. t\m. Dev]. 49:10)

b. bn»mbn Krlw (Hm. t\m. 2 iaq. 7)

c. km¿Δ-eu-InI `cWw (Hm. t\m. k¶o. 2; sbi. 9:6; 11:1˛5; aoJm 5:1˛4 apX¬)

Xmsgs°mSpØncn°p∂ ImcWßfm¬ ""A`njn‡≥'' \kdb\mb tbiphmsW∂p Rm≥

hy‡n]cambn hnizkn°p∂p.

1. B[ym-bw 2˛¬, \memw km{amPyImeØv ÿm]n-X-am-Ip∂ \nXycmPysØ ]cn-N-b-s∏-SpØp∂p

2. 7:13 ¬ \nXy-cm-PXzw \evI-s∏-Sp∂ ""Hcp a\pjy]p{Xs\'' Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂p

3. hoWp-t]mb temI Ncn{XØns‚ A¥yØnte°p hnc¬Nq≠p∂ 9:24 se hos≠-Sp-∏n≥ kqN\

4. ]pXnb\nbaØn¬ tbip Zm\otbens‚ ]pkvXIw D]tbmKn°p∂Xv (Hm. t\m. aØm. 24:15;

a¿s°m. 13:14).

""Ir]bpw kam[m\hpw D≠mIs´'' CXp ]usemkns‚ ]Xnhmb {]mcw` A\p{KlhmNIamWv.

{Ko°pImcpsS ]cºcmKX hμ\amb ""hμ\w'' (Jmsdbv≥) {InkvXob ]Zamb ""Ir]'' (Jmdnkv) F∂nh-

36

bpsS Zzbm¿∞ {]tbmKamWnXv. ]usemkv Cu {Ko°p]ZsØ ]cºcmKX F{_mb A`nhmZ\amb

""jmtemw'' AYhm ""kam[m\''hpambn _‘n∏n°pIbmbncp∂ncn°mw.

1:5

NASB, NKJV, NRSV ""PUw A\pkcn®v''

TEV ""Ahs‚ a\pjyXzw kw_‘n®v''

NJB ""a\pjy {]IrXn A\pkcn®v''

CXv {]hN\ \nhrØnbpw tbiphns‚ a\pjyXzsØ Dd∏n°p∂Xpw BWv. H∂mw \q‰m≠nse aX-

afießƒ Ahs‚ a\pjyXzsØ \ntj[n®ncp∂p (H.t\m. 1 tbml. 1:1˛4; 4:1˛3). ]usemkv ""PUw''

(km¿Ivkv sarxsarxsarxsarxsarx) F∂ ]Zw \ntj[mflI A¿∞Øn¬ (H.t\m. 2:28; 9:3) F√mbvt∏mgpw D]tbmKn®ncp∂n√

F∂v Cu hmIyw hy‡am°p∂p. F∂ncp∂mepw ""PUw'' F∂Xv ""Bflmhn\v'' FXncmbn´p≈Xv F∂

\nebnemWv ]usemkv D]tbmKn®ncn°p∂Xv (H.t\m. 6:19; 7:5,18,25; 8:3˛9,12,13; 1 sImcn. 5:5; 2 sImcn. 1:17;

11:18; Kem. 3:3; 5:13,16,17˛19,24; 6:8; Fs^. 2:3; sImsem. 2:11,13,18,23).

Im‰m (A\pkcn®v) F∂ Cu hymIcW \n¿ΩnXnbpw H∏w accusative s‚ D]tbmKhpw Xmsg ho≠pw

ImWmw (Bflmhp kw_‘n®v). tbip a\pjy\pw (PUw kw_‘n®v) ssZhhpw (Bflmhp kw_‘n®v)

BWv. PU[mcWØns‚ D]tZiw \n¿ÆmbIamWv (H.t\m. 1 tbml. 4:1˛3). CXv tbiphns‚ kzbw

Xncs™SpØ t]cmb ""a\pjy]p{X≥'' (H.t\m. k¶o. 8:4; sbsl. 2:1 (am\pjnIw), Zm\o. 7:13 (ssZhnIw)

F∂Xns‚ kqN\bpamImw.

{]tXyI ]T\hn-jbw: PUw (km¿Ivkv- ˛ sarxsarxsarxsarxsarx)

KemXyteJ\Ønepw AXns‚ ssZhimkv{X hnIk\amb tdmamteJ\Ønepw ]usemkv CXv

IqsS°qsS D]tbmKn°p∂p≠v. ]ZØns‚ hyXykvX A¿∞kqN\ kw_‘n®v ]WvUnX∑m¿°nSbn¬

A`n{]mb sFIyan√. A¿∞ßƒ ]ckv]cw Ihn™pInS°p∂p F∂Xn¬ kwiban√. ]ZØns‚

A¿∞hym]vXn a\ nem°m\p≈ Hcp {iaw am{XamWv Xmsg°mWp∂Xv.

A. a\pjy icocw, tbml. 1:14; tdma. 2:28; 1 sImcn. 5:5; 7:28; 2 sImcn. 4:11; 7:5; 12:7; Kem. 1:16; 2:16,20;

4:13; ^nen. 1:22; sImsem. 1:22,24; 2:5; 1 Xnsam. 3:10

B. a\pjy k¥Xn, tbml. 3:6; tdma. 1:3; 4:1; 9:3,5,8; 11:14; 1 sImcn. 10:18; Kem. 4:23,29

C. a\pjy hy‡n, tdma. 3:20; 7:5; 8:7˛8; 1 sImcn. 1:29; 2 sImcn. 10:3; Kem. 2:16; 5:24

D. am\pjnIambn kwkmcn°pI, tbml. 8:15; 1 sImcn. 1:26; 2 sImcn. 1:12; 5:16; 10:2; Kem. 6:12

E. am\pjnI _elo\X, tdma. 6:19; 7:18; 8:5˛6,9; 2 sImcn. 10:4; Kem. 3:3; 5:13,16,19˛21; sImsem. 2:18

F. hogvNbpsS êtØmSp _‘s∏´v a\pjyh¿§Øn\p ssZhtØmSp≈ i{XpXzw, tdma. 7:14;

13:14; 1 sImcn. 3:1,3; Fs^. 2:3; sImsem. 2:18; 1 ]s{Xm. 2:11; 1 tbml. 2:16

""ZmhoZns‚ k¥Xbn¬ \n∂p P\n°bpw'' 2 iaq. 7 se {]hN\tØmSv CXp _‘s∏ńcn°p∂p.

ainlm ZmhoZns‚ cmPhwiØn¬ s]´h\pw (H.t\m. sbi. 9:7; 11:1,10; bnsc. 23:5; 30:9; 33:15) sblqZm

tKm{XØn¬ \n∂p≈h\pw (H.t\m. Dev]. 49:4˛12; sbi. 65:9) Bbncn°Ww. aØmbn kphntijØn¬

]e {]mhiyw tbip ZmhoZns‚ k¥XnbmsW∂p {]kvXmhn®ncn°p∂p (H.t\m. 1:6; 9:27; 12:23; 15:22; 20:30,

31; 21:9,15; 22:42). AXv ZmhoZy c£I≥ hcpsa∂ sblqZ {]Xo£sb {]Xnên∏n°p∂p.

]usemkv tbiphns\ kw_‘n® Cu hkvXpX Du∂n∏dbp∂n√ F∂Xv B›cyIcamWv. ChnsSbpw

2 Xnsam. 2:8 epw am{XamWh≥ A°mcyw kqNn∏n°p∂Xv; c≠p `mKßfpw BZnak`bpsS hnizmk

{]amW hmNIØn¬ \n∂p≈ D≤cWnbmImw. NIDNTT hmeyw 3, t]Pv 61 ¬ BZnak`bpsS {InkvXp

imkv{X hnizmk{]amWßƒ/]m´pIƒ/{]m¿∞\m {Iaßƒ {]Xnên∏n°p∂ \nch[n ]pXnb\nba

`mKßfpsS ]ńI \ncØp∂p≠v (DZm. tdma. 1:3˛4; 8:34; 1 sImcn. 15:3˛4; ^nen. 2:6˛11; 1 Xnsam. 3:16; 2 Xnsam.

2:8; 1 ]s{Xm. 3:18˛20).

""Cbn¿sØgpt∂ev°bm¬'' ]nXmhmw ssZhw tbiphns\ acn®hcn¬ \n∂pw Dbn¿sØgpt∂-

ev]n®XneqsS Ahs‚ PohnXsØbpw ktμisØbpw Dd∏n®p (H.t\m. 4:24; 6:4,9; 8:11; {]hr. 2:31˛33).

tbiphns‚ ssZhXzhpw (H.t\m. tbml. 1:1˛14; sImsem. 1:15˛19; ^nen. 2:6˛11; F{_m. 1:2˛3) Dbn¿sØ-gp-

t∂¬-∏pw (H.t\m. 4:25; 10:9˛13; 1 sImcn. 15) {InkvXym\nXzØns‚ c≠p XqWpIfmWv.

tbiphns‚ A\pkcWap≈ amXrImPohnXØn\v ssZhw {]Xnêw \¬In Dbn¿∏ns®∂p ]Tn∏n°p∂

""ZsØSp°¬ hmZw'' (AtUm]vj\nkw) F∂ Zpcp]tZisØ ]n¥pWbv°phm≥ Cu hmIyw D]tbmKn-

°p∂p≠v. Ah≥ F√mbvt∏mgpw ssZhambncp∂n√, ssZhw Ahs\ acn®hcn¬ \n∂pw Dbn¿∏n®t∏mƒ

Ah≥ ssZhamIpIbmbncp∂p. tbml. 1, 17 A[ymbßfn¬ \n∂pw CXp XnI®pw AkXyamsW∂v

37

hy‡-ambncn-°ptºmƒ Xs∂ tbiphns‚ Dbn¿sØgpt∂ev]n¬ ssZhw Ahs‚ta¬ Ft¥m H∂v \¬In.

ssZhØn\v Fßs\ {]Xnêw \¬Im≥ Ignbpw F∂p hniZoIcn°pI {]bmkamsW¶nepw AXmWp

kw`hn®Xv. tbip ]nXmhpambn \nXyalXzw ]¶ph®ncps∂¶nepw Ahs\ `ctaev]n® hos≠Sp∏n≥

the ]q¿Æ tXmXn¬ \nh¿Øn®Xn\m¬ Ahs‚ ]Zhn GtXm \nebn¬ IqSpX¬ kº∂ambn. Dbn¿sØ-

gpt∂¬∏v, \ktdØnse tbiphns‚ PohnXw, amXrI, D]tZiw, _en F∂nhbv°p≈ ]nXmhns‚ AwKo-

Imcambncp∂p. \nXyssZhhpw kºq¿Æ a\pjy\pw, ]q¿ÆXbp≈ c£I\pw bYmÿm\hpw {]Xnêhpw

{]m]n®h\pw \nkvXpe\mb ]p{X\pw BWv Ah≥! A\p_‘w aq∂v: AtUm]vj\nkw ImWpI.

""hnip≤nbpsS Bflmhp kw_‘n®v''

NASB, NKJVNRSV ""hnip≤nbpsS Bflmhn\\pkcn®v''

TEV ""ssZhnI hnip≤n kw_‘n®v''

NJB ""Bflmhns‚ {Ia{]Imcw, hnip≤nbpsS Bflmhv''

Nne X¿÷aIfn¬ Spirit (Bflmhv) F∂Xnse ‘S’ henb£cw D]tbmKn®v ]cnip≤mflmhns\bpw

sNdnb£cw ‘s’ D]tbmKn®v tbiphns‚ a\pjymflmhns\bpw kqNn∏n°p∂p. ]nXmhmw ssZhw Bflmhm-

bncn°p∂Xpt]mse tbiphpw BflmhmWv. ]pcmX\ F{_mb, {Ko°p ]mTßfn¬ henb£ctam Nn”-

ßtfm A[ymb, hmIy hn`P\ßtfm C√mXncp∂Xn\m¬ CsX√mw ]mcºcy Nn¥Itfm ]cn`mjIcpsS

hymJym\ßtfm BWv. hm. 5 s\ ho£n°m≥ aq∂p am¿§ßfp≠v.

1. tbiphns‚ c≠p {]IrXnIfmb a\pjy≥, ssZhw F∂nhsb kqNn∏n°p∂p.

2. a\pjy≥, Dbn¿sØgpt∂‰ I¿Ømhv F∂ Ahs‚ ùanI PohnXØnse c≠p LSIßsf

kqNn∏n°p∂p.

3. ""tbip{InkvXp I¿Ømhv'' F∂Xn\p kam¥cw

""ssZh]p{X≥ F∂p i‡ntbmsS'' ]pXnb\nba FgpØpIm¿ tbiphns\ ""ssZh]p{X≥'' (H.t\m.

aØm. 4:3) F∂ t]cp]tbmKn®v IqsS°qsS hnfn®ncp∂n√. CXn\p ImcWw {Ko°v ]pcmWßfnse sX‰mb

A¿∞ßfmbncp∂p (I\yIm P\\sØ kw_‘n®pw CXp icnbmWv). Cu Bibw ""AXpeyamb,

Hcn\-Ønse H∂v'' (tamtWmsKs\kv, H.t\m. tbml. 1:18; 3:16,18; 1 tbml. 4:9) F∂ ]ZØn¬ kqNn∏n-

®ncn°p∂p. Aßs\ AXn\¿∞w ""tbip, GI kXyssZh]p{X≥'' F∂mbn. 1:3 se {]tXyI ]T\

hnjbw ImWpI. ]pXnb \nbaØn¬ ]nXmhmw ssZhtØmSpw ]p{X\mb tbiphnt\mSpw _‘s∏´

c≠p {[phßfp≠v.

1. Ah¿ kaXzap≈hcmWv (H.t\m. tbml. 1:1; 5:18; 10:30; 14:9; 20:28; 2 sImcn. 4:4; ^nen. 2:6; sImsem.

1:15; F{_m. 1:3). F¶nepw

2. Ah¿ hyXykvX BfXzßfmWv (H.t\m. a¿s°m. 10:18; 14:36; 15:34).

]usemkv H∂pIn¬ BZna {InkvXpimkv{X hnizmk {]amWw D≤cn°pItbm As√¶n¬ k¶o.

2:6,7 setbm 110:1 setbm btlmhbpsS ainsslI cmPmhns\°pdn®v ]cam¿in°pItbm sNøp∂p (H.t\m.

{]hr. 2:34˛36). Aßs\ sNøp∂XneqsS Ah≥ ""ssZh]p{X≥ F∂p i‡ntbmsS'' F∂ {]tbmKsØ

Du∂n∏dbp∂p (NIDNTT, Vol. 2, p. 79). B {]tbmKw Ahs‚ P\\Øntem kv\m\Øntem A√ Ahs‚

Dbn¿sØgpt∂ev]nemWp {i≤ tI{μoIcn°p∂Xv. AtXkabw ZsØSp°¬ hmZ {InkvXpimkv{Xw

(]ZkqNnI ImWpI) Cu hmIysaSpØv XßfpsS hmZsØ km[qIcn°m≥ D]tbmKn°p∂p. thZ]pkvXI

hymJym\Øns‚ Cu hmIysØfnhp coXnbn¬ Hcph\v Xßƒ ]dbp∂sX¥pw km[qIcn°m≥ ss__n-

fns\ D]tbmKn°mw (thZ]pkvXI hymJym\w kw_‘n® hniZoIcWØn\p ImWpI:

www.freebiblecommentary.org).

1:6 ""Rßƒ'' Xs‚ CXc teJ\ßfn¬ sNøp∂Xpt]mse ]usemkv a‰mcpsSbpw t]cp ]dbp∂n√.

Cu H∂masØ {]tbmKw ]usemkns‚ ZakvtImkv tdmUnse am\km¥csØbpw \ntbmKsØbpw

kqNn∏n°p∂p (H.t\m. {]hr. 9). AXv ""Rßƒ'' F∂ ]{Xm[n] D]tbmKsØ i‡ambn kqNn∏n°p∂p.

NASB, NRSV ""kIePmXnIfpsSbpw CSbn¬''

NKJV ""kIetZißfpsSbpw CSbn¬''

TEV ""kIetZißfnsebpw P\ßƒ''

NJB ""kIePmXob cmPyßƒ°pw''

CXp km¿ΔeuInI kphntijamWv. Dev]. 3:15 se ssZhØns‚ hos≠Sp∏ns‚ hmKvZØØn¬

kIea\pjycpw Dƒs∏Sp∂p. tbiphns‚ ]m]]cnlmcacWw BZmans‚ hogvN kw`hn® kIe

k¥Xnsbbpw Dƒs°m≈p∂p. (H.t\m. 5:18; tbml. 1:29; 3:16; 4:42; 6:33,51; 1 sImcn. 15:22; 2 sImcn. 5:19;

Fs^. 2:11˛3:13; 1 Xnsam. 2:4; 4:10; XosØm. 2:11; F{_m. 2:9; 2 ]s{Xm. 3:9; 1 tbml. 2:2; 4:14). ]usemkv

38

Xs‚ {]tXyI hnfnsb PmXnItfmSp kphntijw {]kwKn°p∂Xn\p≈Xmbn I≠p (H.t\m. {]hr. 9:15;

22:21; 26:17; tdma. 11:13; 15:16; Kem. 1:16; 2:29; Fs^. 3:2,8; 1 Xnsam. 2:7; 2 Xnsam. 4:17)

{]tXyI ]T\hnjbw: t_m_ns‚

kphntijhnlnX ap≥hn[nIƒCu hnjbØn¬ Rm≥ ap≥hn[nbp≈h\msW∂v hmb\°mcmb \nßtfmSv F\n°p kΩXnt®

Xocq. Fs‚ hyhÿnXn ssZhimkv{Xw Im¬hn\nktam bpKhmZtam A√. adn®v t{ijvT\ntbmK

kphntijoIcWamWv (H.t\m. aØm. 28:18-˛20; eqs°m. 24:46˛47; {]hrØn. 1:8). kIe am\hcmin

bpsSbpw hos≠Sp∏n\mbn Hcp \nXy]≤Xn ssZhØn\ps≠∂p Rm≥ hnizkn°p∂p (H.t\m. Dev].

3:15; 12:3; ]pd. 19:5˛6; bnsc. 31:31˛34; sbsl. 18; 36:22˛39; {]hr. 2:23; 3:18; 4:28; 13:29; Kem. 3:28-˛29;

sImsem. 3:11). tbip ssZhØns‚ ad™ncn°p∂ a¿Ωsa¶nepw Ct∏mƒ shfns∏ńcn°p∂p (H.t\m.

Fs^. 2:11˛3:13). bn{kmtbe√, ]pXnb \nba kphntijamWv XncpshgpØns‚ Xmt°m¬.

Cu ap≥[mcW, Fs‚ XncpshgpØns‚ hymJym\ßƒ°v \ndw ]Icp∂p. AXneqsSbmWv Rm≥

kIe thZ`mKßfpw hmbn°p∂Xv. AXv Xo¿®bmbpw Hcp ap≥hn[nbmWv (kIe hymJymXm°ƒ°pw

AXp≠v). F∂m¬ AXv XncpshgpØm[mcamb ap≥[mcWIfmWv.

""hnizmkØn\p A\pkcWw'' B£cnI {Ko°p {]tbmKw ""A\pkcWØn\p th≠n'' (eis) F∂mWv

kphntijØn\v

1. am\km¥cØns‚bpw hnizmkØns‚bpw kXzc A\pkcWhpw

2. {InkvXym\pcq]yØns‚bpw ÿntcm’mlØns‚bpw PohnXssien A\pkcWhpw D≠v

kphntijw Hcp Ir]mZm\amWv, F∂m¬ AXp {]Xo£n°p∂ Hcp êap≠v. ]gb\nbaw t]mse

Hcp DSºSnbmWv ]pXnb\nbaw. c≠pw hnizmkw/A\pkcWw Bhiys∏Sp∂p. c≠n\pw t\´ßfpw

DØchmZnXzßfpw {]Xo£Ifpw D≠v (AXm. Fs^. 1:4; 2:10). CXv Hcp {]hrØnbpsS \oXnb√, adn®v

{]hrØnbpsS ÿncoIcWamWv (H.t\m. bmt°m_v, 1 tbml∂m≥). \nXyPoh\v Zriyamb khntijX-

Ifp≠v.

NASB, NJB ""hnizmkØns‚ A\pkcWw''

NKJV ""hnizmkØn\v A\pkcWØn\mbn''

NRSV ""hnizmkØns‚ A\pkcWw hcptØ≠Xn\v''

TEV ""hnizkn°phm\pw A\pkcn°phm\pw''

tdmam teJ\Ønse Xmt°m¬ ]Zamb ""hnizmk''Øns‚ BZy D]tbmKamWnXv (4:5 se {]tXyI

]T\hnjbw ImWpI). Cu A≤ymbØnepw ]pkvXIØnepw aq∂p hyXykvX \neIfn¬ Cu ]Zw

D]tbmKn®n´p≠v.

1. hmIyw 6. tbiphnt\mSpw {InkvXob PohnXtØmSpw _‘s∏ńcn°p∂ kXyßfpsS AYhm D]tZi-

ßfpsS kwlnXbv°v D]tbmKn®ncn°p∂p (H.t\m. {]hr. 6:7; 13:8; 14:22; 16:5; tdma. 14:1; 16:26; Kem.

1:23; 6:10; bqZm 3,20).

2. hmIyw 8. tbiphnep≈ hy‡n]camb B{ibsØ kqNn∏n°p∂p. ""hnizkn°pI,'' ""hnizmkw'',

""B{ibw'' F∂o ]Zßsf√mw Hcp {Ko°p]ZØns‚ (]nÃnkv/]nsÃbpHm) ]cn`mjbmWv.

kphntijw Htc kabw Bib]chpw (D]tZiw) BfØ]chpamWv (H.t\m. hm. 16; tbml. 1:12;

3:16). 4:5 se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw ImWpI.

3. hmIyw 17. hnizmkobX, Iqdv, hnizmktbmKyw F∂o ]gb\nba A¿∞Øn¬ D]tbmKn®ncn°p∂p.

CXmWv l_. 2:4 s‚ A¿∞w. ]gb \nbaØn¬ hnizmkØns‚ hnIknX D]tZiw ImWp∂n√

F¶nepw hnizmk PohnXßfpsS DZmlcWßƒ H∂n\p ]pdsI H∂mbn ImWmw (H.t\m. A{_m-

lmw, Dev]. 15:6). ]q¿Æ hnizmkambncp∂n√ adn®v t]mcmSp∂ hnizmkambncp∂p (H.t\m. F{_m.

11). am\hcminbpsS {]Xymi, icnbmbn {]h¿Øn°p∂Xnt\m hnizkn°p∂Xnt\m D≈ AhcpsS

Ignhne√ adn®v ssZhØns‚ kz`mhØnemWv \nesIm≈p∂Xv (H.t\m. 3:24; 6:23; Fs^. 2:8˛-9).

ssZhw am{XamWp hnizkvX≥ (H.t\m. aem. 3:6). c£m kw`hw F∂p hnfn°mhp∂ {]hrØnIfpsS

Hcp ]cºc Xs∂bp≠v.

a. am\km¥cw (H.t\m. 2:4; a¿s°m. 1:15; eqs°m. 13:3,5; {]hr. 3:16,19; 20:21).

b. hnizmkw (H.t\m. 1:16; tbml. 1:12; 3:16; {]hr. 16:31, kv\m\w \ΩpsS hnizmkØns‚ ]cky

39

{]Jym]\amWv).

c. A\pkcWw (H.t\m. 2:13; 2 sImcn. 9:13; 10:15; 1 ]s{Xm. 1:2,22).

d. ÿntcm’mlw (H.t\m. 2:7; eqs°m. 18:1; 2 sImcn. 4:1, 16; Kem. 6:9; 2 sX . 3:13).

ChbmWv ]pXnb DSºSnbpsS hyhÿIƒ. {InkvXphneqsSbp≈ ssZhnI hmKvZm\sØ \mw kzoIcn°p-

Ibpw hnizkn°pIbpw XpS¿am\ambn kzoIcn°pIbpw hnizkn°pIbpw thWw (H.t\m. hm. 16; tbml.

1:17).

{]tXyI ]T\hnjbw:]gb\nbaØn¬ hnizkn°pI, B{ibn°pI, hnizmkw, hnizkvXX (AmaAmaAmaAmaAma)I. {]mcw` {]kvXmh\

]pXnb \nabØnse hfsc \n¿Æm-bIamb Cu ssZhimkv{X Bibw ]gb\nbaØn¬ hy‡

ambn \n¿hNn°s∏ńń√ F¶nepw sXcs™Sp°s∏´ Nne {]tXyI thZ`mKßfnepw hy‡n

Ifnepw {]Z¿in-∏n-°-s∏-ń-´p-≠v.

]gb\nba CSIec¬

1. hy‡nbpw kaqlhpw

2. hy‡n]camb I≠p-ap-épw DSºSnbpsS A\pkcWhpw

hnizmkw F∂Xv hy‡n-]-c-amb I≠p-ap-épw ssZ\wZn\ PohnXssienbpamWv. Hcp i_vZtImi

ap]-tbm-Kn-®p≈ ]T-\sØ°mƒ (AXmbXv ]Z]T\sØ°mƒ) Hcp hy‡nbn¬ AXv hnhcn

°p∂XmWv Gsd-sb-fp∏w.

1. A{_lmapw Ahs‚ k¥Xnbpw

2. ZmhoZpw bn{kmtbepw

F∂nhbneqsS Cu hy‡n-]-c-amb hnjbw hfsc \∂mbn hniZoIcn°m\m-hpw.

Cu hy‡nIƒ ssZhsØ I≠pap´pIbpw AhcpsS PohnXw ÿncambn hyXymks∏SpIbpw

sNbvXp (]q¿ÆXbp≈ PohnXa√, ]ns∂tbm hnizm-k-Øn¬ XpS-cp∂ Ahÿ). ]cntim[\

AhcpsS hnizmkØns‚ _ehpw _elo\Xbpw shfns∏SpØn, F¶nepw hnizmka¿∏n°p∂

D‰_‘w Ime-ßsf AXn-Po-hn®p \o≠p \n∂p. AXv ]cntim[n°s∏SpIbpw ip≤oIcn°

s∏SpIbpw sNbvXp, F¶nepw AXv AhcpsS ‡nbneqsSbpw PohnXssienbneqsSbpw sXfnbn°

s∏´psIm≠v XpS¿∂p h∂p.

II. D]tbmKn®ncn-°p∂ aqe ]Zw

A. Ama (BDB 52)1. {Inb

a. Jzm¬ aqe]Zw ˛ ]n≥XmßpI, t]mjn∏n°pI (AXm. 2 cmPm. 10:1, 5; Ftÿ¿ 2:7,

ssZhimkv{X]ca√mØ D]tbmKw)

b. \n^m¬ aqe]Zw ˛ Xo¿®s∏SpØpI AYhm Dd∏n°pI, ÿm]n°pI, \n›bn°pI,

hnizkvXcmbn-cn-°pI AYhm hnizmktbmKyXbp≈Xmbncn°pI

(1) a\pjycpsS, sbi. 8:2; 53:1; bnsc. 40:14

(2) hkvXp°fpsS, sbi. 22:23

(3) ssZhØns‚, Bh. 7:9,12; sbi. 49:7; bnsc. 42:5

c. ln^n¬ aqe]Zw ˛ Dd®p\n¬°pI, hnizkn°pI, B{i-bn-°pI

(1) A{_lmw ssZhsØ hnizkn®p, Dev]. 15:6

(2) an{kboanep≈ bn{kmtbey¿ hnizkn®p, ]pd. 4:31; 14:31 (Bh¿Ø\Øn¬

\ncmIcn®ncn-°p-∂p, 1:32)

(3) btlmh tamsibneqsS kwkmcn®psh∂p bn{kmtbey¿ hnizkn®p, ]pd. 19:9; k¶o.

106:12, 24

(4) Blmkv ssZhØn¬ B{ibn®n√, sbi. 7:9

(5) AXv/Ah\n¬ hnizkn°p∂ Gh\pw, sbi. 28:16

(6) ssZhsØ°pdn®p≈ kXyw hnizkn°pI, sbi. 43:10˛12

40

2. \maw (]p√nwKw) ˛ hnizkvXX (AXm. Bh. 32:20; sbi. 25:1; 26:2)

3. {InbmhntijWw ˛ kXyambpw, hmkvXhambpw, Rm≥ AwKoIcn°p∂p, AXv Aßs\

Bbncn°s´ (H. t\m. Bh. 27:15˛26; 1 cmPm. 1:36; 1 Zn\. 16:36; sbi. 65:16; bnsc. 11:5; 28:6).

CXv ]gb \nbaØnsebpw ]pXnb\nbaØnsebpw {]m¿∞\bnse ""Bta≥'' BWv.

B. xma (BDB 54) kv{XoenwK \maw, Dd∏v, hnizkvXX, kXyw

1. a\pjycpsS, sbi. 10:20; 42:3; 48:1

2. ssZhØns‚, ]pd. 34:6; k¶o. 117:2; sbi. 38:18,19; 61:8

3. kXyØns‚, Bh. 32:4; 1 cmPm. 22:16; k¶o. 33:4; 98:3; 100:5; 119:30; bnsc. 9:4; skJ. 8:16

C. hnwhnwhnwhnwhnwma (BDB 53). Dd∏v, ÿncX, hniz-kvXX

1. ssIIfpsS, ]pd. 17:12

2. ImeßfpsS, sbi. 33:6

3. a\pjycpsS, bnsc. 5:3; 7:28; 9:2

4. ssZhØns‚, k¶o. 40:11; 88:12; 89:2,3,6,9; 119:138

III. Cu ]gb\nba BibsØ ]usemkv D]tbmKn® hn[w

A. ZakvtImkns‚ ]SnhmXn¬°se Xs‚ tbiphpambp≈ IqSn°mgvNbn¬ ]gb\nbasØ∏

‰nbpw btlm-hsb∏‰nbpw X\n°p e`n® ]pXnb Adnhns\ ]usemkv ASnÿm\s∏SpØp∂p

(H. t\m. {]hr. 9:22; 26).

B. xma aqe]Zap]tbmKn°p∂ c≠v ].-\n. Xmt°m¬ hN\ßfnemWv Xm≥ Xs‚ ]pXnb Adnhn\v

]gb\nba ]n¥pW Is≠ØnbXv.

1. Dev]. 15:6 ˛ A\pkcWbp≈ Hcp hnizmkPohnXØn\v A{_m-lm-ans\ t{]cn-∏n®Xpw

(Dev]. 12˛22) ssZhw ap≥I-sø-SpØp \S-Øn-bs#-Xp-amb (Dev]. 12) A{_lmans‚

hy‡n]camb IqSn°mgvN. tdma¿ 4 epw KemXy¿ 3 epw ]usemkv CXns\-°p-dn®p

kqNn∏n°p∂p.

2. sbi. 28:16 ˛ AXn¬ hnizkn°p∂h¿ (AXmbXv, ssZhØns‚ ]cntim[n°s∏´Xpw

Dd∏mbn ÿm]n°s∏´ncn°p∂Xpamb aqe°√v) Hcp\mfpw

a. tdma. 9:33, ""e÷n®pt]mIbn√'' AYhm ""\ncmis∏SpIbn√''

b. tdma. 10:11, ta¬]d™XpXs∂

3. l_. 2:4 ˛ hnizkvX\mb ssZhsØ Adnbp∂h¿ hnizkvXamb PohnXw \bnt°Ww (H.

t\m. bnsc. 7:28). tdma. 1:17 epw Kem. 3:11 epw ]usemkv Cu thZ`mKw D]tbmKn°p∂p

(F{_m. 10:38 IqSn ImWpI).

VI. ]gb\nba BibsØ ]s{Xmkv D]tbmKn® hn[w

A. ]s{Xmkv kwtbm-Pn∏n°p∂p

1. sbi. 8:14 ˛ 1 ]s{Xm. 2:8 (XS-ß¬]md)

2. sbi. 28:16 ˛ 1 ]s{Xm. 2:6 (aqe°√v)

3. k¶o. 111:22 ˛ 1 ]s{Xm. 2:7 (X≈n°f™ I√v)

B. bn{kmtbens\∏‰n hnhcn°p∂Xn\p-]-tbm-Kn® ""Xncs™Sp°s∏´ PmXnbpw cmPIob ]ptcm

lnX h¿§hpw hnip≤hwihpw kz¥P\hpw'' F∂ AXpeyamb `mj Xmsg∏dbp∂ hN\

ßfn¬ \n∂pw FSp-Øn-´p-≈-XmWv

1. Bh. 10:15; sbi. 43:21

2. sbi. 61:6; 66:21

3. ]pd. 19:6; Bh. 7:6

{InkvXphnep≈ k`bpsS hnizmksØ kqNn-∏n-°p-hm≥ Ct∏mƒ CXv D]tbmKn°p∂p

V. Cu BibsØ tbml-∂m≥ D]tbmKn® hn[w

A. AXns‚ ]pXnb\nba D]tbmKw

""hnizkn°pI'' F∂ ]Zw (]nsÃtbm˛pisteuwpisteuwpisteuwpisteuwpisteuw) F∂ {Ko°p]ZØn¬ \n∂pap≈XmWv, CXv

""hnizkn°pI'' ""hnizmkw'' ""B{ibw'' F∂nßs\bpw ]cn`mjs∏SØmw. DZmlcWØn\v,

CXns‚ \macq]w tbml∂ms‚ kphntijØn¬ ImWp∂n√. F∂m¬ {Inb an°t∏mgpw

41

D]tbmKn°s∏´ncn°p∂p. tbml. 2:23˛25 ¬ ]pcpjmcØn\v ainlmsb∂ \nebn¬ \kdmb\m

b tbiphnt\mSp≈ ka¿∏WØns‚ hnizm-kob-X-bn¬ Dd∏n√mbvabp≠v. ""hnizkn°pI''

F∂ ]ZØns‚ D]cnπhamb D]tbmKØn\p≈ a‰v DZmlcWßƒ tbml. 9:31˛39 epw {]hr.

8:13, 18˛24 epw ImWmw. bYm¿∞ thZ]pkvXI hnizmksa∂Xv {]mYanI {]XnIcWØnepap

]cnbmb H∂mWv. AXns\-Øp-S¿∂v Dd∏mbpw Hcp injyXzØns‚ {]{Inb D≠m-tIWw (H.

t\m. aØm. 13:20˛22, 31-˛32).

B. KXnItfmsSm∏w CXns‚ D]tbmKw

1. Fbnkv (eijeijeijeijeij) A¿∞w ""AXnte°v'' Cu AXpeyamb LS\ hnizmknIƒ tbiphn¬

AhcpsS hnizmkw/B{ibw A¿∏n°p∂Xns\ Du∂n∏dbp∂p

a. Ahs‚ \maØn¬ (tbml. 1:12; 2:23; 3:18; 1 tbml. 5:13)

b. Ah\n¬ (tbml. 2:11; 3:15,18; 4:39; 6:40; 7:5,31,39,48; 8:30; 9:36; 10:42; 11:45,48; 17:37,42; aØm.

18:6; {]hr. 10:43; ^nen. 1:29; 1 ]s{Xm. 1:8)

c. F∂n¬ (tbml. 6:35; 7:38; 11:25,26; 12:44,46; 14:1,12; 16:9; 17:20)

d. ]p{X\n¬ (tbml. 3:36; 9:35; 1 tbml. 5:10)

e. tbiphn¬ (tbml. 12:11; As∏m. 19:4; Kem. 2:16)

f. shfn®Øn¬ (tbml. 12:36)

g. ssZhØn¬ (tbml. 14:1)

2. F≥- ˛ en en en en en A¿∞w, tbml. 3:15; a¿s°m. 1:15; {]hr. 5:14 F∂o hmIyßfnteXpt]mse

""C¬''

3. F]n ˛ epi epi epi epi epi A¿∞w, aØm. 27:42; {]hr. 9:42; 11:17; 16:31; 22:19; tdma. 4:5,24; 9:33; 10:11; 1 Xnsam.

1:16; 1 ]s{Xm. 2:6 F∂o hmIyßfnteXpt]mse ""C¬'' As√-¶n¬ ""ta¬''

4. Kem. 3:6; {]hr. 18:8; 27:25; 1 tbml. 3:23; 5:10 F∂nhn-S-ßfnteXpt]mse KXnIqSmsXbp≈,

{]Xn-{Km-lnI hn`‡n.

5. tlm´n ˛ o.ti o.ti o.ti o.ti o.ti A¿∞w, ""AXp hnizkn°pI,'' F¥p hnizkn°Wsa∂ kqN\ \¬Ip∂p

a. tbip ssZhØns‚ ]cnip≤\mWv (tbml. 6:69)

b. tbip Rm\mIp∂h≥ BWv (tbml. 8:24).

c. tbip ]nXmhnepw ]nXmhv tbiphnepw (tbml. 10:38)

d. tbip {InkvXphmWv (tbml. 11:27; 20:31)

e. tbip ssZh]p{X\mWv (tbml. 11:27; 20:31).

f. tbip ]nXmhn\m¬ Abbv°s∏´h\mWv (tbml. 11:42; 17:8,21).

g. tbiphpw ]nXmhpw H∂mWv (tbml. 14:10˛11).

h. tbip ]nXmhn¬ \n∂p h∂p (tbml. 16:27,30)

i. ]nXmhns‚ DSºSnbpsS \maamb ""Rm\mIp∂h≥'' F∂-Xn-t\mSv tbip Xs∂Øm≥

XmZmflys∏SpØp∂p (tbml. 8:24; 13:9)

j. \mw Aht\mSpIqsS Pohn°pw (tdma. 6:8)

k. tbip acn®n´v Dbn¿sØgpt∂‰p (1 sX . 4:14)

IV. D]kwlmcw

Hcp ssZhnI hN\tØmtSm/ hmKvZtØmtSm D≈ am\pjnI {]XnIcWamWv thZ]pkvXI hnizm

kw. ssZhw Ft∏mgpw ap≥ssIsbSp°p∂p (AXm. tbml. 6:44, 65), F∂m¬ Cu ssZhnI Bib

hn\nabØns‚ `mKw am\pjnI {]XnIcWØns‚ A\nhmcyXbmWv.

A. B{ibw

B. DSºSnbpsS A\pkcWw

thZ]pkvXI hnizmkw

1. Hcp hy‡n]camb _‘amWv ({]mYanI hnizmkw)

2. ssZhnI kXyßfpsS Hcp Dd∏m°¬ (ssZhnI shfn∏mSnep≈ hnizmkw)

3. AXnt\mSp≈ Hcp A\ptbmPyamb A\pkcW {]XnIcWw (ssZ\wZn\ hnizmkw)

42

thZ]pkvXI hnizmkw kz¿§Ønte°p≈ Hcp {]th-i\ Sn°t‰m C≥jp-d≥kv t]mfn-kn

tbm A√. AsXmcp hy‡n]camb _‘amWv. CXmWv krjvSnbpsSbpw a\pjyh¿§w ssZhØns‚

kzcq]Ønepw kmZriyØnepw krjvSn°s∏ńcn°p∂Xns‚bpw Dt±iyw (H.- t\m. Dev]. 1:26˛27).

""ASpØ kvt\l_‘w'' BWv hnjbw. ssZhw B{Kln°p∂Xv Hcp {]tXyI ssZhimkv{X

Øn\p≈ hnizm-ka√, ]ns∂tbm Iq´mbvabmWv! hnip-≤-\mb ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ Iq´m-bvabv°v a°ƒ

IpSpw_ ""kz`mhw'' ImWn-t°-≠Xv A\n-hm-cy-amWv (AXm. hnip≤n, H. t\m. tehy. 19:2; aØm.

5:48; 1 ]s{Xm. 1:15˛16). hogvN (H. t\m. Dev]. 3) A\pIqeambn {]XnIcn°p∂Xn\p≈ \ΩpsS

Ignhns\ _m[n®p. AXpsIm≠v ssZhw, \ap°v Hcp ""]pXnb lrZbhpw ]pXnb Bflmhpw''

\¬Ins°m≠v (H. t\m. sbsl. 36:27˛38) \ap°pth≠n {]h¿Øn®p. Ch hnizmkØneqsSbpw

A\pXm]Øn eqsSbpw Aht\mSv Iq´mbva BNcn°phm\pw Ahs\ A\pkcn°phm\pw \sΩ

{]m]vXcm°p∂p!

Ch aq∂pw \n¿Æm-b-IamWv. Ch aq∂pw ]men°s∏tS≠XmWv. e£yw ssZhsØ AdnbpI

F∂Xpw ({Ko°v, F{_mb A¿∞ßfn¬) \ΩpsS PohnXØn¬ Ahs‚ kz`mhsØ {]Xnên

∏n°pIsb∂XpamWv. hnizmkØns‚ e£yw Fs∂-¶nepw kz¿§w {]m]n-°pI F∂X√,

]ns∂tbm Hmtcm Znhkhpw {InkvXpXpeyambn Pohn-°pI F∂XmWv.

a\pjys‚ hnizkvXX ssZhhpambp≈ _‘Øns‚ ASnÿm\a√ (]gb\nbaw) adn®v

êamWv (]pXnb\nbaw): Ahs‚ hnizkvXXbnep≈ a\pjys‚ hnizmkw; Ahs‚ hnizm-k-

tbm-Ky-X-bn-ep≈ a\p-jys‚ B{i-bw. ssZhw XpS-ßn-sh-®-Xpw {InkvXphn¬ shfn-s∏´Xp-amb

Ir]tbmSpw IcpWtbmSpw a\pjy¿ {]mcwàmbpw XpS¿®bmbpw {]XnIcn°Wsa∂p≈XmWv

]pXnb\nba c£m ho£WØns‚ ImX¬. Ah≥ kvt\ln®p, Ah≥ Ab®p, Ah≥ e`yam°n

bncn°p∂p; \mw hnizmkØnepw hnizkvXXbnepw {]XnIcnt°Ww (H. t\m. Fs^. 2:8,9,10)!

Xs∂ AhnizkvX temIØn\v shfns∏SpØns°mSp∏m\pw Ahsc X∂nep≈ hy‡n]c

amb hnizmkØnte°p sIm≠phcphm\pamWv hnizkvX\mb ssZhw hnizkvXcmb Hcp P\sØ

°pdn®v B{Kln°p∂Xv.

""hcptØ≠Xn\v'' Hcp tkmt±iy kμ¿`Øn¬ Fbnkv s‚ c≠masØ D]tbmKamWnXv (H.t\m. hm.

1). kphntijw tbiphnep≈ hnizmkØneqsS a\pjycn¬ ssZhnI kzcq]w ]p\xÿm]n°p∂p. ssZhØn-

s‚ bYm¿∞ Dt±iysØbmWnXp shfns∏SpØp∂Xv. AXmbXv, Ahs‚ kz`mhw shfns∏SpØp∂

P\hpambp≈ Ahs‚ Bgamb Iq´mbva (H.t\m. hm. 7).

""Ir]bpw As∏mkvXeXzhpw {]m]n®Xv'' {InkvXphneqsS c£mZm\w am{Xa√ AXnt\mSp _‘s∏´v

PmXnIfpsS As∏mkvXe≥ F∂ hnfnbpw {]m]n®Xmbn ]usemkv Du∂n∏dbp∂p. CsX√mw ZakvsImkv

tdmUnse kw`hØn¬ Hcpan®p≠mbXmWv (`qXIme I¿Øcn kqNIw, H.t\m. {]hr. 9:1˛22; 22:13˛16; 26:

9˛18). AXv Ahs‚ anIhpsIm≠p e`n®X√. tkmt±iy]camb Ir]bmWv!

""Ir],'' ""As∏mkvXeXzw'' F∂nh ""As∏mkvXeXzw F∂ hcw'' F∂ \nebn¬ H‰ LSIambn

FSp°m-\p≈ km[yXbp≠v (NET, Note #13). hnhn[ßfmb ]cn`mjIƒ ]pXnb \nbaw 26 ]cn`mjIfn¬

-(t]Pv 646) F∂ {KŸØn¬ hmbn°m≥ Ignbpw.

1:7

NASB, NKJV ""tbip{InkvXphn\m¬ hnfn°s∏´''

NRSV ""tbip{InkvXphnemIphm≥ hnfn°s∏´

TEV ""tbip{InkvXphnemIphm≥ ssZhw hnfn®''

NJB ""tbip{InkvXphnemIphm≥ Ah\m¬ hnfn°s∏´''

1. ""hnfn°s∏´h¿'' AYhm ""Hcpan®pIq´s∏´h¿'' F∂¿∞ap≈ ""k`'' F∂ ]ZØns‚ Zzbm¿∞

{]tbmKamImw.

2. ssZhnI Xncs™Sp∏ns\°pdn®p≈ ]cma¿iamImw (H.t\m. tdma. 8:29˛30; 9:1 apX¬; Fs^. 1:4, 11;

3:21; 4:1, 4).

3. dnsshkvUv Cw•ojv {Sm≥kvtej\n¬ ""\nßƒ hnfntI´v tbip{InkvXphnembn'' F∂mWv.

NRSV, TEV, JB F∂nh Cu {]tbmKsØ a\ nem°p∂Xpw Cu hn[ØnemWv. Xmsgs°mSpØncn°p∂

{]tXyI ]T\hnjbw ImWpI.

43

{]tXyI ]T\ hnjbw: hnfn°s∏´hnizmknIsf X¶te°p hnfn°p∂Xn\pw Xncs™Sp°p∂Xn\pw BI¿jn°p∂Xn\pw ssZhw

F√mbvt∏mgpw ap≥IsøSp°p∂p (H.t\m. tbml. 6:44, 65; 15:16; 1 sImcn. 1:12; Fs^. 1:4˛5,11). ""hnfn''

F∂ ]Zw \nch[n ssZhimkv{X A¿∞Øn¬ D]tbmKn®n´p≠v.

A. {InkvXphns‚ ]q¿ØoIcn°s∏´ {]hrØnbneqsSbpw Bflmhns‚ ]m]t_m[w Dfhm°en-

eqsSbpw ssZhw Xs‚ Ir]bm¬ ]m]nIsf c£bnte°p hnfn°p∂p (AXm. ¢ot‰mkv˛

klhtojklhtojklhtojklhtojklhtoj H.t\m. tdma. 1:6˛7; 9:24 AXv 1 sImcn. 1:1˛2; 2 Xnsam. 1:9; 2 ]s{Xm. 1:10 F∂nhtbmSv

ssZhimkv{X ]cambn kam\Xbp≈XmWv).

B. ]m]nIƒ c£n°s∏Sphm≥ I¿Ømhns‚ \maw hnfn®t]£n°p∂p (AXm. F∏n°msetbm˛

epikalewepikalewepikalewepikalewepikalew, H.t\m. {]hr. 2:21; 22:16; tdma. 10:9˛13). Cu {]kvXmh\ Hcp sblqZ Bcm[\m

ssienbmWv.

C. hnizmknIƒ {InkvXpXpey PohnXw \bn°m≥ hnfn°s∏ńcn°p∂p (AXm. ¢oknkv˛klhsijklhsijklhsijklhsijklhsijH.t\m. 1 sImcn. 1:26; 7:20; Fs^. 4:1; ^nen. 3:14; 2 sX . 1:11; 2 Xnsam. 1:9).

D. hnizmknIƒ ip{iqjbv°mbn hnfn°s∏ńcn°p∂p (H.t\m. {]hr. 13:2; 1 sImcn. 12:4˛7; Fs^.

4:1).

""\nßfpw'' ssZhIr]bpsS ]caamb DZmlcWamWv ]usemkv (AXm. ssZhk`sb D]{Zhn®h≥)

F¶nepw Ahs‚ hmb\°mcpw A¿lXbn√mØh¿°p e`n°p∂ ssZhIr]bpsS DZmlcWßfmWv.

tdma¿ 1:8˛-158\nßfpsS hnizmkw k¿ΔtemIØnepw {]kn≤ambncn°p∂Xn\m¬ Rm≥ BZyw Xt∂

Fs‚ ssZhØn∂p tbip{InkvXpapJm¥cw \nßƒs°√mh¿°pw th≠n kvtXm{Xw sNøp∂p.9Rm≥ CShnSmsX \nßsf Hm¿ØpsIm≠p ssZth„Øm¬ Ft∏mƒ F¶nepw \nßfpsS ASp°¬

hcphm≥ km[nt°≠Xn∂p 10Fs‚ {]m¿∞\bn¬ Ft∏mgpw bmNn°p∂p F∂p≈Xn∂p Ahs‚

]p{Xs\-°pdn®p≈ kphntijtLmjWØn¬ Rm≥ Fs‚ Bflmhn¬ Bcm[n°p∂ ssZhw

F\n°p km£n. 11\nßfpsS ÿncoIcWØn∂mbn BflnIhcw h√Xpw \nßƒ°p \evtI≠-

Xn∂p, 12AXmbXp \nßƒ°pw F\n°pw HsØmcpan®p≈ hnizmkØm¬ \nßtfmSpIqsS F\n-

°pw Bizmkw e`nt°≠Xn∂p Rm≥ \nßsf Im◊m≥ hmRvOn°p∂p. 13F∂m¬ ktlm-

Zc∑mtc, F\n °ptijw PmXnIfn¬ F∂t]mse \nßfnepw h√ êhpw D≠mtI≠Xn∂p

\nßfpsS ASp°¬ hcphm≥ ]et∏mgpw `mhn®p F¶nepw CXphsc apS°w h∂p F∂p \nßƒ

AdnbmXncn°cpXp F∂p Rm≥ B{Kln°p∂p. 14bh\∑m¿°pw _¿_c∑m¿°pw ⁄m\n-

Iƒ°pw _p≤nlo\¿°pw Rm≥ IS°mc≥ BIp∂p. 15Aßs\ tdmabnep≈ \nßtfmSpw

kphntijw Adnbn∏m≥ F∂m¬ Bthmfw Rm≥ Hcpßnbncn°p∂p.

1:8 ""\nßfpsS hnizmkw k¿ΔtemIØnepw {]kn≤ambncn°p∂Xn\m¬'' Cu kXyØn\v tdma.

16:19 kqN\ \¬Ip∂p≠v. CXv tdma≥ temIsØ kqNn∏n°p∂ Hcp ]uckvXy AXyp‡nbmWv (H.t\m.

1 sX . 1:8).

""BZyw'' Cu kμ¿`Øn¬ ""BZyw'' F∂Xn\v ""Bcw`w apX¬'' As√¶n¬ ""Rm≥ Bcw`n°Ww''

(J.B.Philips) F∂ A¿∞amWp≈Xv.

""Fs‚ ssZhØn\p tbip{InkvXp apJm¥cw ... kvtXm{Xw sNøp∂p'' ]usemkv km[mcWbmbn

tbip{InkvXphneqsSbmWv ssZhtØmSp {]m¿∞n°p∂Xv. ssZhsØ kao]n°p∂Xn\p≈ \ΩpsS

GIhgn tbiphmWv! 7:25 se {]tXyI ]T\ hnjbw: ]usemkns‚ kvXpXnbpsSbpw \μn Itc‰ens‚bpw

{]m¿∞\ ImWpI.

""\nßƒs°√mh¿°pw th≠n'' hm. 7 set∏mse ""F√mhcpw'' F∂ ]ZØns‚ D]tbmKw, \otdmbpsS

{]Jym]\sØØpS¿∂v tdman¬ \n∂p ]emb\w sNtø≠nh∂ hnizkn°p∂ sblqZm t\Xm°fpw

Ah¿°p ]Icw Nne h¿jßfnte°p NpaXetbs‰SpØ hnizkn°p∂ PmXob t\Xm°fpw XΩnep≈

Akqbsbbpw `n∂Xsbbpw {]Xnên∏n°p∂p. tdma. 9:11 CtX hnjbsØ {]Xnên∏n°p∂p.

CXn¬ tdma. 14:1˛15:13 se ""_elo\cpw'' ""i‡cpw'' Dƒs∏ńcn°p∂p. tdmanse k`bnse F√mhscbpw

ssZhw kvt\ln°p∂p. Ah≥ Ahsc Xpeyambn kvt\ln°p∂p!

44

1:9

NASB ""F{Xam{Xw CS-hn-SmsX''

NKJV, NRSV ""\n¿ØmsX''

NJB ""XpS¿am-\-ambn Hm¿Øp-sIm≠v''

NIV ""F{X ÿnc-ambn''

]usem-kns‚ ÿnc-X-bp-≈Xpw ASn-b-¥n-c kz`m-h-ap-≈-Xp-amb {]m¿∞\ F∂ Cu hnjbw (H.-t\m.

1 sX . 1:2; 2:13; 2 Xnsam. 1:3) k`m t\Xm-°ƒ Kuc-h-ambn A\p-h¿Øn-t°≠ Hcp amXr-I-bmWv (H.-t\m.

1 sX . 5:17). {]m¿∞\ i‡-amb BflnI hmXn¬ Xpd-°pw. \mw tNmZn-°m-Ø-Xp-sIm≠v \ap°p e`n-°p-

∂n√ (bmt°m. 4:2).

""ssZth-jvS-Øm¬... \nß-fpsS ASp-°¬ hcp-hm≥ km[n-t°-≠-Xn\v'' CXv hm. 12 \pw 15:31 \pw kam-

¥-c-am-Wv. Xs‚ Pohn-Xhpw bm{Xm ]≤-Xn-Ifpw Xs‚ ]≤-Xn-I-f√, adn®v ssZh-Øn-t‚-Xm-sW∂v ]usemkv

Adn-™n-cp∂p (H.-t\m. {]hr. 18:21; 1 sImcn. 4:19; 16:7). 12:2 se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw ImWp-I.

hnizm-kn-I-fpsS {]m¿∞-\bv°v ssZh-ln-XsØ kzm[o-\n-°m≥ Ignbpw F∂Xpw {i≤n-°p-I.

""F¶nepw'' CXv Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚ ho£-W-Øn¬ kXy-am-btXm As√-¶n¬ Ahs‚ cN-\m-]-c-amb

Dt±-iy-Øn\p th≠n-bp-≈tXm Bb Hcp H∂mw-Xcw tkm]m-[nI hmN-I-am-Wv. kvs]bn-\n-te-°p≈ bm{X-

bn¬ tdmw kμ¿in-°m-\m-bn-cp∂p ]usemkns‚ πm≥ (H.-t\m. 15:22˛24). Hcp ]t£ Zo¿L\mfp-Iƒ Xma-

kn-°p-hm≥ Ah\p ]≤-Xn-bn-√m-bn-cp-∂p. a‰mcpw {]h¿Øn-®n-´n-√mØ ]pXnb {]h¿Ø\ ÿe-ß-fn¬

ip{iqjn°m\mWv ]usemkv CjvSs∏´Xv (H.-t\m. 15:20; 2 sImcn. 10: 15,16). tdmam teJ-\-Øns‚ Dt±-iy-

ß-fn-sem-∂v Hcp]t£ kvs]bn-\n-te-°p≈ Xs‚ anj-\-dn-bm-{Xbv°v ^≠v kzcq-]n-°pI F∂-Xp-am-bn-

cn°mw (H.t\m 15:24).

""Fs‚ {]m¿∞-\-bn¬ Ft∏mgpw bmNn-°p∂p'' ]usemkv A√ Cu k` ÿm]n-®Xv F¶nepw a‰p

k`-Iƒ°p-th≠n {]m¿∞n-®n-cp-∂-Xp-t]mse Ah≥ XpS¿am-\-ambn Ah¿°p-th≠n {]m¿∞n-®n-cp∂p (H.-

t\m. 2 sImcn. 11:28). 9:3 se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw: a[yÿ {]m¿∞\ ImWp-I. F¶nepw A. 16 ¬ hy‡-

am-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse ]usem-kn\v tdmam k`-bn¬ [mcmfw kvt\ln-Xcpw kl-{]-h¿Ø-Icpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

1:10 ""Fs‚ Bflm-hn¬'' a\p-jy-Po-h≥ (A-Xm. izmkw, F{_mbm dpBlv, BDB 924, H.-t\m. Dev]. 6:17;

7:15,28) F∂ A¿∞-Øn¬ a\p-jym-flm-hns\ kqNn-∏n-°p-hm≥ (H.-t\m. 8:5,10,16; 12:11) ]v\ypam (pneumapneumapneumapneumapneuma)F∂ ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xns‚ DØ-tam-Zm-l-c-W-am-Wn-Xv.

{]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw:

]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ Bflmhv (pneumapneumapneumapneumapneuma)""Bflmhv'' F∂-Xn-\p≈ {Ko°p ]Zw hnhn[ \ne-I-fn¬ ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n- p-≠v. {]mXn-

\n[y kz`m-h-ap≈ Nne hI-t`-Z-ßfpw DZm-l-c-W-ßfpw CXm.

A. {XntbI ssZh-Øn\v

1. ]nXm-hn\v (H.-t\m. tbml. 4:24)

2. ]p{X\v (H.-t\m. tdma. 8:9˛10; 2 sImcn. 3:17; Kem. 4:6; 1 ]s{Xm. 1:11)

3. ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn\v (H.-t\m. a¿s°m. 1:11; aØm. 3:16; 10:20; tbml. 3:5,6,8; 7:39; 14:17; {]hr.

2:4; 5:9; 8:29,35; tdma. 1:4; 8:11,16; 1 sImcn. 2:4,10,11,13,14; 12:7)

B. am\p-jnI {]mW\v

1. tbip-hns‚ (H.-t\m. a¿s°m. 8:12; tbml. 11:33,38; 13:21)

2. a\p-jy-Ip-e-Øns‚ (H.-t\m. aØm. 22:43; {]hr. 7:59; 17:16; 20:22; tdma. 1:9; 8:16; 1 sImcn. 2:11;

5:3˛5; 7:34; 15:45; 16:18; 2 sImcn. 2:13; 7:13; ^nen. 4:23; sImsem. 2:5)

C. BflnI aWvUe-Øn\v

1.- B-flnI Pohn-Iƒ

a. \√-h¿ (A-Xm. ZqX-∑m¿, H.-t\m. {]hr. 23:8˛9; F{_m. 1:14)

b. ZpjvS-X-bp≈ (A-Xm. ss]im-Nn-I, H.-t\m. aØm. 8:16; 10:1; 12:43,45; {]hr. 5:16; 8:7; 16:16;

19:12-˛21; Fs^. 6:12)

c. `qX-ßƒ (H.-t\m. eqs°m. 24:37)

2. BflnI hnth-N\w (H.-t\m. aØm. 5:3; 26:41; tbml. 3:6; 4:23; {]hr. 18:25; 19:21; tdma. 2:29;

7:6; 8:4,10; 12:11; 1 sImcn. 14:37)

45

3. BflnI Imcy-ßƒ (H.-t\m. tbml. 6:63; tdma. 2:29; 8:2,5,9,15; 15:27; 1 sImcn. 9:11; 14:12)

4. BflnI hc-ßƒ (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 12:1; 14:1)

5. Bflm-hns‚ {]tN-Z\w (H.-t\m. aØm. 22:43; eqs°m. 2:27; Fs^. 1:17)

6. BflnI icocw (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 15:44˛45)

D. hI-Xn-cn-°p∂p

1.- temI-Øns‚ at\m-`m-hsØ (H.-t\m. tdma. 8:15; 11:8; 1 sImcn. 2:12)

2. a\p-jys‚ Nn¥m-{]-{In-bsb (H.-t\m. {]hr. 6:10; tdma. 8:6; 1 sImcn. 4:2)

E. ùXnI aWvU-e-Øn\v

1.- Im‰v (H.-t\m. aØm. 7:25,27; tbml. 3:8; {]hr. 2:2)

2. izmkw (H.-t\m. {]hr. 17:25; 2 sX . 2:8)

Cu ]Zw AXns‚ At∏mgsØ kμ¿`-a\p-k-cn®v hymJym\nt°-≠-Xm-sW∂p hy‡-am-Ip-∂p.

\ap°p ]cn-K-Wn-°m-hp∂ hnhn[ A¿∞-ß-fm-Wn-Xn-\p-≈Xv: (1) ùXnI temIw; (2) AZriy temIw;

(3) Cu ùXnI temI-Ønepw BflnI aWvU-e-Ønepw D≈ hy‡n-Iƒ.

Ncn-{X-Øns‚ Cu L´-Øn¬ ]c-am-[n-Im-cn-sb∂ \ne-bn¬ {]h¿Øn-°p∂ {XntbI ssZh-Øns‚

`mK-amWv ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhv. \∑-bm-bXpw hnip-≤-am-bXpw t\cm-bXpw kXy-am-bXpw F√mw Ah-t\mSp

_‘-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p. Ahs‚ km∂n-[yhpw hc-ßfpw ip{iq-jbpw kphn-ti-j-Øns‚ hym]vXn°pw ssZh-

cm-Py-Øns‚ hnP-b-Øn\pw \n¿ÆmbIamb LSI-amWv (H.-t\m. tbml. 14, 16). Ah≥ ]m]-t_m[w

hcp-Øp-I-bpw, t_m[yw hcp-Øp-Ibpw t{]cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw kv\m\-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw kIe hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw

hf¿®-bn-te°p \bn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p (H.-t\m. tbml. 16:8˛11).

""ssZhw F\n°p km£n'' ]usemkv ssZh-\m-a-Øn¬ Hcp BW-bn-Sp∂p (H.-t\m. 9:1; 2 sImcn. 1:23;

11:10˛11, 31; 12:19; Kem. 1:20; 1 sX . 2:5). Xs‚ kXy-k-‘X Du∂n-∏-d-bp-∂-Xn-\p≈ sblqZ coXn-bmWv

]usemkv Ah-ew-_n-°p-∂-Xv.

1:11 ""\nß-fpsS ÿnco-I-c-W-Øn-\mbn'' CXv lnÃoan (i,sthmii,sthmii,sthmii,sthmii,sthmi) F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ `qX-Ime I¿ΩWn

A]q¿Æ {Inb-bm-Wv. ]Z-Øn\v aq∂p A¿∞ßfp-≠v.

1. ÿnc-s∏-Sp-Øp-I. tdma. 1:11; 16:25; 1 sX . 3:13; 2 ]s{Xm. 1:12

2. i‡o-I-cn-°p-I, eqs°m. 22:32; 1 sX . 3:2; 2 sX . 2:17; 3:3; bmt°m. 5:8; shfn. 3:2

3. Dd-∏p-≈ Xocp-am\w FSp-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ skan-‰nIv ssien, eqs°m. 9:51

5:2 se {]tXyI ]T\ hnjbw ImWpI.

""BflnI hcw h√Xpw \nßƒ°p \¬tI-≠-Xn\v'' ""Bfln-I-hcw'' F∂ {]tbmKw BflnI Dƒ°mgvN

AYhm A\p-{Klw (H.-t\m. 11:29; 15:27) F∂ A¿∞ØnemWv D-]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Xm≥ PmXn-I-fpsS

As∏m-kvX-e-\mbn {]tXyIw hnfn-°-s∏-´-h-\m-sW∂v ]usemkv Xs∂-Øs∂ a\ n-em-°p∂p (H.-t\m.-

hm.15).

1:12 {InkvXob Iq´m-bva-bpsS e£yw CXm-Wv. BflnI hc-ßƒ hnizm-kn-Isf Hcp ip{iq-jm-k-aq-l-ambn

Hcp-an®p \n¿Øp-∂-Xn\v Dt±-in-®p-≈-Xm-Wv. hnizm-kn-Iƒ°p hc-ßƒ \¬I-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂Xp s]mXp {]tbm-

P-\-Øn-\mWv (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 12:7). F√m hc-ßfpw ImenI {]k-‡-am-Wv. F√m hc-ßfpw Bflm-hn-

\m¬ \¬I-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂p (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 12:11). F√m hnizm-kn-Ifpw ]q¿Ækab ip{iq-j-I-cmbn hnfn-

°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw hc-ßƒ \¬I-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p∂p (H.-t\m. Fs^. 4:11˛12). ]usemkv As∏m-kvX-

enI A[n-Im-c-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Xs‚ t_m[yw hy‡-ambn {]kvXm-hn-®n-cn-°p-tºmƒ Xs∂ kaq-l-Øns‚

apgp-h\m-bp≈ ]ckv]c ip{iqjsbbpw Du∂n∏d™ncn°p∂p. hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v At\ym\yw Bh-iy-ap-

≠v! hnizm-kn-Iƒ {InkvXp-hns‚ ico-c-am-Wv.

""Rm≥ \nßsf Im◊m≥ hm©n-°p∂p'' 15:23 \p kam-¥-c-am-bn-´m-Wn-Xv. tdmanse hnizm-kn-Isf

ImWp-hm≥ ]usemkv Zo¿L-h¿j-ß-fmbn hm©n-°p∂p (H.-t\m. {]hr. 19:21).

1:13 ""\nß-fnepw h√ êhpw D≠m-tI-≠-Xn∂v'' Cu kμ¿`-Øn¬ ""êw'' Bflm-°sf kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.

F¶nepw tbml. 15:1-8; Kem. 5:22 F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ AXv {InkvXob ]Iz-X-sbbmWp ImWn-°p-∂-Xv. aØmbn

7 ¬ ""êwsIm≠p \nßsf Xncn-®-dn-bmw'' F∂p ]d-bp-∂p-s≠-¶nepw êw F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ \n¿hN\w

AhnsS ]d-bp-∂n-√.

anI® kam-¥cw ^nen. 1:22 BImw, AhnsS CtX ]Zw ]usemkv Im¿jnI kmZr-iy-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-

®n-cn-°p-∂p.

""CXphsc apS°w h∂p'' CsXmcp I¿ΩWn {Inb-bm-Wv. CtX {]tbmKw 1 sX . 2:18 ¬ ImWp-∂p,

46

AhnsS kmØm-\mWv a[y-h¿Øn. Xs‚ PohnXw ssZh-Øm¬ \bn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-sW∂p ]usemkv hniz-

kn-®n-cp∂p F¶nepw kmØm≥ XS- ßƒ krjvSn-°m-dp-≠v. c≠pw icn-bmWv (H.-t\m. Ctøm. 1˛2; Zm\o.

10). 15:22 ¬ CtX ]Z-Øns‚ D]-tbmKw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv C\nbpw ]q¿Øo-I-cn-®n-ń-√mØ (F-∂m¬ hgn

AS-™Xv) Ing-°≥ saUn-‰-td-\n-b≥ {]tZ-isØ ]usem-kns‚ anj-\dn the-sb-°p-dn-®m-bn-cn-°mw.

""\nßƒ Adn-bm-Xn-cn-°-cpXv F∂p Rm≥ B{K-ln-°p∂p'' kp{]-[m\ {]kvXm-h-\-Iƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-

°p-∂-Xn-\mbn ]usemkv D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ Hcp ssien-bm-WnXv (H-t\m. 11:25; 1 sImcn. 10:1; 12:1; 2 sImcn. 1:8;

1 sX . 4:13). tbip-hns‚ ""Bta≥, Bta≥'' F∂-Xns‚ kam-\-amb cN-t\m-t±-iy-am-Wn-Xn\pw D≈-Xv.

1:14 ""bh-\-∑m¿°pw'' saUn-t‰-dn-b≥ IS-en\p Np‰p-]mSpw ]m¿°p∂ ]cn-jvIr-Xcpw kmwkvIm-cn-I-ambn

D∂Xn {]m]n®hcpamb P\-sØ-bm-WnXp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. alm-\mb Ae-Ivkm-≠dpw Ahs‚ ]n≥Km-an-

Ifpw A∂v Adn-b-s∏ńcp∂ temIsØ bh-\mb kwkvImcw sIm≠p \nd®p. ]n∂oSp h∂ tdmam-°m¿

{Ko°p kwkvIm-csØ kmwio-I-cn-®p.

""_¿∫-c-∑m¿°pw'' Cu ]Zw (Ht\mamt‰mt]mbnb˛onomatopoeiaonomatopoeiaonomatopoeiaonomatopoeiaonomatopoeia) hnZym-hn-lo\cpw A]-cn-jvIr-X-cp-

amb P\sØ hnti-jn®v hS°p-≈-hsc kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. {Ko°p kwkm-cn-°m-Ø-hsc kqNn-∏n-°p∂p. {Ko°p

kwkm-cn-°m-Ø-hsc kqNn-∏n-°p∂ ]Z-am-Wn-Xv. {Ko°p-Im¿°pw tdmam-°m¿°pw Ah-cpsS kwkmcw

""_¿_¿_¿ F∂mWp tXm∂p-∂-Xv.

""⁄m\n-Iƒ°pw _p≤n-lo-\¿°pw'' CXv ""_¿_-c-∑m¿'' F∂-Xns‚ {Ko°p ]mT-Øns‚ kam-¥-c-am-

bncn°m≥ km[y-X-bp-≠v. F∂m¬ Aßs\ Bbn-cn-°-Wsa-∂p-an-√. kIe P\-k-aq-l-sØbpw hy‡n-I-

sfbpw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ as‰mcp am¿§-am-Imw CXv.

""Rm≥ IS-°m-c≥ BIp∂p'' ]usemkv Cu ]Zw tdmam-te-J-\-Øn¬ \nc-h[n {]mhiyw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-

´p-≠v.

1. ]usemkv kIe PmXn-I-tfmSpw kphn-tijw {]kw-Kn-°m≥ IS-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂p (C-hn-sS).

2. ]usemkv ""PU-Øn\v'' IS-°m-c-\√ (8:12)

3. PmXob k` sbcqi-te-anse amXr-k-`sb klm-bn-°m≥ IS-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂p (15:27)

tdma¿ 1:16- 1716kphntijsØ°pdn®p F\n°p e÷bn√; hnizkn°p∂ Gh∂pw BZyw sblqZ∂pw ]ns∂

bh\\pw AXp cs£°mbn ssZhi‡nbmIp∂pht√m. 17AXn¬ ssZhØns‚ \oXn hnizmkw

tlXphmbpw hnizmkØn∂mbns°m≠pw shfns∏Sp∂p. ""\oXnam≥ hnizmkØm¬ Pohn°pw''

F∂p FgpXnbncn°p∂pht√m.

hm. 16˛17 apgp-te-J-\-Øn-s‚bpw Nn¥m-hn-j-b-amWv hm. 16-˛17. Cu hnjbw 3:21˛31 ¬ hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw

kw{K-ln-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p.

1:16

NASB, NRSV ""kphn-ti-j-sØ-°p-dn®v F\n°p e÷-bn√''

NKJV ""{InkvXp-hns‚ kphn-ti-j-sØ-°p-dn®v F\n°p e÷-bn√''

TEV ""F\n°v kphn-ti-j-Øn¬ kºq¿Æ hnizm-k-ap≠v''

NJB ""kphm¿Ø-sb-°p-dn®v F\n°v e÷-bn√''

a¿s°mkv 8:38; eqs°m. 9:26 se tbip-hns‚ hm°p-Isf ]usemkv kqNn-∏n-°p-I-bm-Imw. kphn-ti-j-

Øns‚ D≈-S-°-sØ-°p-dn®v As√-¶n¬ AXns‚ ê-am-bp-≠m-Ip∂ ]oU-\-sØ-°p-dn®v Ah\p e÷-

bn√ (H.-t\m. 2 Xnsam. 1:12, 16,18).

1 sImcn. 1:23 ¬ sblq-Z-∑m¿°v kphn-tijw e÷-bm-sW∂p ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p. ImcWw AXv IjvS-

s∏-Sp∂ ain-lmsb Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂p. AXv ico-c-Øns‚ Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂ev]ns\ {]Jym-]n-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬

{Ko°p-Im¿°pw AXv e÷-bm-Wv.

NASB ""hniz-kn-°p∂ Gh\pw''

NKJV ""hniz-kn-°p∂ Gh\pw th≠n''

NRSV ""hnizm-k-ap≈ Gh\pw''

TEV ""hniz-kn-°p∂ F√m-h¿°pw''

NJB ""hnizm-k-ap≈ F√m-h¿°pw''

kphn-tijw kIe a\p-jy¿°pw D≈-XmWv (""G-h\pw,'' ""Bcpw,'' ""F√m-hcpw'' F∂o ]Z-ßƒ Rm≥

47

F{X-b-[nIw CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂p. 1:5 se Ipdn∏v #6 ImWp-I. F¶nepw kzoI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\p≈ hyh-ÿ-I-fn-

sem∂v hniz-kn-°pI F∂Xv (H.-t\m. As∏m. {]hr. 16:30˛31). at‰Xv am\-km-¥-c-amWv (H.-t\m. a¿s°m.

1:15; {]hr 3:16,19; 20:21). ssZhw DS-ºSn apJm-¥cw a\p-jy-h¿§-tØmSv CS-s]-Sp∂p (9:4se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-

jbw ImWp-I). Ah≥ F√m-bvt]mgpw ap≥I-sø-Sp-°p-Ibpw AP≠ \n›-bn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p (Ht\m.

tbml. 6:44˛65). F∂n-cp-∂mepw ]c-kv]cw _m[-I-amb At\I hyh-ÿ-I-fp≠v (1:5se Ipdn∏v #4 ImWpI).

""hniz-kn-°pI'' F∂v ChnsS ]cn-`m-j-s∏-SpØnbncn-°p∂ ]ZsØ ""hnizmkw'' AYhm ""B{ibw''

F∂pw ]cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Ømw. Cw•ojv/ae-bmfw ]Z-sØ-°mƒ hnim-e-amb A¿∞ hym]vXn {Ko°p-]-Z-Øn-

\p-≠v. c£n-°p∂ hnizmkw XpS¿am\ hnizm-k-amWv (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 1:18; 15:2; 2 sImcn. 2:15; 1 sX . 4:14).

10:4 se {]tXyI ]T\ hnjbw ImWp-I.

""hnizmkw'' F∂-Xn-\p≈ Cu {Ko°p-]-Z-Øn\p ]n∂n-ep≈ F{_m-b ]Zw bYm¿∞-Øn¬ A¿∞-am-

°p-∂Xv Hcp Dd® \nev]ns\ As√-¶n¬ Hcp a\p-jy≥ s]s´∂v Nen-°-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn Imep-Iƒ

Aev]w AIØn Dd®p \n¬°p-∂-Xn-s\-bmWv. hn]-co-X-amb ].\n. kmZriyw ""Fs‚ Imep-Iƒ Ipg™

tN‰n¬'' (k-¶o. 40:2), ""Fs‚ Imep-Iƒ GI-tZiw CSdn'' (k-¶o. 73:2) F∂-Xm-Wv. _‘-s∏´ F{_mb

aqe ]Z-ß-fmb Fap≥, Fap-\m-lv, Bam≥ F∂nh hniz-kvX\pw Iqdp-≈-h\pw hniz-kn-°m-hp-∂-h-\p-amb

Hcp-hs\ kqNn-∏n-°p-hm≥ D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. c£n-°p∂ hnizm-kw, hniz-kvX-cm-bn-cn-°p-hm-\p≈

hoWp-t]mb a\p-jy-h¿§-Øns‚ Ign-hn-s\-b-√, ssZh-Øns‚ Ign-hn-s\-bmWv {]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. hnizm-

kn-I-fpsS {]Xymi Xß-fpsS Ign-hp-I-fn-e-√, ssZh-Øns‚ kz-`m-h-Ønepw hmKvZ-Ø-ß-fn-ep-am-Wv ASn-

ÿm-\-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-Xv. AXv Ahs‚ hnizm-k-tbm-Ky-Xbpw Ahs‚ hniz-kvX-Xbpw Ahs‚ hmKvZ-Ø-ß-

fp-am-Wv. 1:5 se ]T\ hnjbw ImWp-I.

""BZyw sblq-Z\pw'' CXns‚ ImcWw 2:9˛10 epw 3:1˛20 epw Npcp-°-ambn hnh-cn-°p-Ibpw 9˛11 A[ymbß-

fn¬ ]q¿Æ-ambn hnI-kn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p. aØm. 10:6; 15:24; a¿s°m. 7:27; tbml. 4:22 F∂o

thZ-`m-K-ßfnse tbip-hns‚ hm°p-I-sf-bm-WXv ]n¥p-S-cp-∂-Xv. tdmam k`-bnse hniz-kn-°p∂ sblq-Z-

∑mcpw PmXob t\Xr-Xzhpw XΩn-ep≈ Akq-b-tbmSp _‘-s∏-´-XmImw CXv.

""c£'' ]gb \nb-a-Øn¬ F{_mb ]Zw (bm-tjm) {]mY-an-I-ambn kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv imco-cnI hnSp-X-en-

s\-bmWv (H.-t\m. bmt°m. 5:15). F∂m¬ ]pXnb \nb-a-Øn¬ {Ko°p ]Zw (tkm-Uvtkm ˛ sozwsozwsozwsozwsozw) {]mY-an-I-

ambn kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv Bflob hnSp-X-en-s\-bmWv (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 1:18, 21). tdm_¿ v _n. Kn¿Un¬tÃmWns‚

knt\m-\nwkv Hm^v Z HmƒUv sSÃvsa‚ v t]Pv 124˛126 ImWp-I.

{]tXyI ]T\ hnjbw: c£ (]gb \nba ]Zw)

Cu ]Z-Øn\v (BDB 447) \nc-h[n A¿∞ kqN-\-I-fp-≠v.

1. t£aw, sFiz-cyw, Ctøm. 30:15

2. imco-cn-Ihpw Bfln-I-hp-amb Xe-ßƒ Dƒs°m-≈p∂ ssZhnI c£

a. Dev]. 49:18

b. Bh. 32:15

c. k¶o. 3:2,8; 22:1; 35:3; 62:2; 69:29; 70:5; 78:22; 80:3; 89:26; 91:16; 106:4; 140:7

d. sbi. 12:2; 33:2; 51:6,8; 52:7,10; 56:1; 59:11; 60:18; 62:1

3. imco-cn-Ihpw Bfln-I-hp-amb hnSp-X¬ F∂ Bibw tbm\m. 29:9˛10 ¬ hy‡-ambn ImWmw.

4. kt¥m-jn-°pI'' F∂Xv ]e-t∏mgpw btlm-hbpsS c£-bp-ambn _‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p, 1 iap.

2:1; sbi. 25:9; 26:1; k¶o. 9:14; 13:5; 35:9.

c£-bn¬ btlmh Xs‚ a\pjy krjvSn-bp-ambn bYm¿∞-ambn Dt±-in-®n-cp∂ Iq´m-bva-bpsS \S-∏m-

°¬ Dƒs∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p. AXn¬ hy‡n-]-chpw kmaq-ln-I-hp-amb ]q¿ÆX Dƒs∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p!

1:17 ""ssZh-Øns‚ \oXn'' Cu kμ¿`-Øn¬ Cu {]tbmKw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv (1) ssZh-Øns‚ kz`mhw, (2)

Ah≥ Fßs\ B kz`mhw ]m]n-I-fmb a\p-jy-h¿K-Øn\p \¬Ip∂p F∂n-h-bm-Wv. Pdp-ktew ss__nƒ

]cn-`m-j-bn¬ ""CXmWv ssZh-Øns‚ \oXn shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv'' F∂p ImWp-∂p. CXp hnizm-kn-bpsS

km∑m¿KnI Pohn-X-ssi-ensb kqNn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ Xs∂, AXv {]mY-an-I-am-bn- \o-Xn-bp≈ \ymbm-[n-]-Xn-

bpsS apºn-ep≈ Ahs‚ \nb-a-]-c-ambn \nev]ns\ kqNn-∏n°p∂p. hoWp-t]m-b, ]m]n-I-fmb, a\p-jy-h¿§-

Øn-t∑-ep≈ Cu IW-°n-S¬ \ho-I-cW Ime-Øn-\p-tijw ""hnizm-kw-aqew Ir]-bm-ep≈ \oXoI-cWw''

F∂-dn-b-s∏´p (.H.t\m. 2 sImcn. 5:21; ^nen. 3:9). Cu hmIy-amWv am¿ń≥ eqY-dns‚ Pohn-X-sØbpw ssZh-

48

im-kv{X-sØbpw am‰n-a-dn-®-Xv.

F¶nepw \oXo-I-c-W-Øns‚ e£yw hnip-≤o-I-cWw, {InkvXp-Xp-eyX AYhm ssZh-Øns‚ \oXn

kz`mhw BWv (H.-t\m. tdma. 8:28-˛29; Kem. 4:19; Fs^. 1:4; 2:10; 4:13; 1 sX . 3:13; 4:3; 1 ]s{Xm. 5:15). \oXo-

I-cWw Hcp \nb-a-]-c-amb {]Jym-]\w am{X-a√, hnip≤ Pohn-X-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ Hcp Blzm\w IqSn-bm-

Wv. a\p-jy-\n-ep≈ ssZhnI kzcq]w {]h¿Ø-\-£-a-amw-hn[w ]p\xÿm-]n-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xp≠v (H.-t\m. 2

sImcn. 5:21).

{]tXyI ]T\hnjbw: \oXn

""\oXn'' F∂Xv Hcp thZ]pkvXI hnZym¿∞n Xo¿®bmbpw hy‡n]chpw hnimehpamb Hcp ]T\w

\StØ≠ hfsc {][m\s∏´ Hcp BibamWv.

]gb\nabØn¬ ssZhØns‚ kz`mhsØ ""\oXnbp≈h≥'' Ft∂m ""\oXnam≥'' Ft∂m

hnhcn®ncn°p∂p (BDB 841). sIńSw ]Wnbn¬ `nØnIfpsSbpw aXnepIfpsSbpw hfhn√mbva

\n¿Æbn°p∂Xn\p]tbmKn®ncp∂ \Zn-°-c-bn¬ hf-cp∂ HmS-sIm-≠p≈ D]-I-c-W-Øn¬ \n∂pw (ap-g-

t°m¬) D≠mbXmWv satkms]mtánb≥ ]Z{]tbmKw. Xs‚ kz¥w kz`mhsØ∏‰n ZrjvSm¥]cambn

]dbp∂Xn\mWv ssZhw Cu ]Z{]tbmKw sXcs™SpØXv. kIesØbpw Af°p∂ \nhsc-bp≈

hiw (apg-t°m¬) Ah\mWv. Cu Bibw ssZhØns‚ \oXnsbbpw \ymbwhn[n°phm\p≈ Ahs‚

AhImisØbpw {]Jym]n°p∂p.

a\pjy≥ ssZhØns‚ kzcq]Øn¬ krjvSn°s∏´p (H.t\m. Dev]. 1:26˛27; 5:1,3; 9:6). ssZhtØmSp≈

Iq´mbva°pth-≠nbmWv a\pjyh¿§w krjvSn°s∏ńcn°p∂Xv. kIe krjvSnbpw ssZhØns‚bpw

a\pjyh¿§Øns‚bpw ]ckv]c {]h¿Ø\Øns‚ thZn AYhm ]›mØeamWv. Xs‚ D∂Xamb

krjvSnbmb a\pjyh¿§w Xs∂ Adnbphm\pw kvt\ln°phm\pw tkhn°phm\pw Xs∂t∏mse Bbn

cn°phm\pw ssZhw B{Kln®p. a\pjyh¿§Øns‚ Bflm¿∞X ]co£n°s∏´p (H.t\m. Dev]. 3)

F∂m¬ BZna ZºXnIƒ B ]co£bn¬ tXm‰p. CXv ssZhØns‚bpw a\pjyh¿§Øns‚bpw a[y

Ønep≈ _‘Øns‚ th¿]ncnben\nSbm°n (Dev]. 3; tdma. 5:12˛21).

Iq´mbva \∂m°n bYm-ÿm-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-sa∂p ssZhw hmKvZØw sNbvXp (H.t\m. Dev]. 3:15). Ah≥

CXv Xs‚ kz¥w lnXØneqsSbpw kz¥ ]p{X\neqsSbpw sNøp∂p. ewL\Øn\p ]cnlmcw hcpØp

hm≥ a\pjy¿ {]m]vXc√mbncp∂p (H.t\m. tdma. 1:18˛3:20).

hogvNbv°p tijw, hos≠Sp∏n\p th≠nbp≈ ssZhØns‚ H∂masØ ]Sn, Ahs‚ £Whpw

a\pjyh¿§Øns‚ A\pXm]tØmSpw hnizkvXXtbmSpw A\pkcWtØmSpap≈ {]XnIcWhpw

ASnÿm\s∏SpØnbp≈ DSºSnbpsS Bibambncp∂p. hogvN \nanØw a\pjy¿ A\pKpWamb

{]hrØn°v {]m]vXc√mbncp∂p (H.t\m. tdma. 3:21˛31; Kem. 3). DSºSn ewLIcmb a\pjycpsS

hos≠Sp∏n\v ssZhw Xm≥ Xs∂ ap≥IsøSpt°≠nbncp∂p. Ah≥ CXv Xmsg°mWp∂ {]Imcw

sNbvXp.

1. {InkvXphns‚ {]hrØnbneqsS a\pjyh¿§sØ \oXnam∑msc∂v {]Jym]n°pI (AXmbXv

\nb-a-]-c-amb \oXn).

2. {InkvXphns‚ {]hrØnbneqsS a\pjyh¿§Øn\v \oXn kuP\yambn sImSp°pI (AXmbXv,

(Btcm]n°s∏´ \oXn)

3. a\pjyh¿§Øn\nSbn¬ \oXnsb (AXmbXv, {InkvXphns‚ kmZriyw, ssZhØns‚

kzcq]Øns‚ hos≠Sp°¬) Dfhm°p∂ D≈n¬ hkn°p∂ ]cnip≤mflmhns\ e`yam°pI.

F∂ncp∂mepw DSºSn kw_‘amb Hcp {]XnIcWw ssZhamhiy-s∏Sp∂p. ssZhw {]Jym-]n-°p∂p

(A-Xm-bXv kuP-\y-ambn \¬Ip-∂p). F∂m¬ a\pjy≥ Xmsg∏dbp∂ hn[ßfn¬ Xo¿®bmbpw

{]XnIcn°pIbpw {]XnIcn®psIm≠ncn°pIbpw thWw.

1. A\pXm]w

2. hnizmkw

3. PohnXssienbmb A\pkcWw

4. ÿntcm-’mlw

AXpsIm≠v \oXn ssZhhpw Ahs‚ AXyp∂X krjvSnbpw XΩnep≈ DSºSn]chpw ]ckv]c

hpamb Hcp {]hrØnbmWv. ssZhØns‚ kz`mhØns‚bpw {InkvXphns‚ {]hrØnbpsSbpw

Bflmhns‚ _es∏SpØens‚bpw ASnÿm\Øn¬ ChtbmSv Hmtcm hy‡nbpw Xo¿®bmbpw hy‡n

]cambpw XpS¿am\ambpw i‡ambn {]XnIcn°Ww. Cu BibsØ ""hnizmkØmep≈ \oXoIcWw''

F∂p hnfn°p∂p. Cu Bibw kphntijßfn¬ shfns∏SpØs∏ń´p≠v F¶nepw Cu ]Z-{]-tbm-

Kßfne√. ""\oXn'' F∂ {Ko°v ]Z{]tbmKw hnhn[ cq]ßfn¬ 100˛e[nIw XhW D]tbmKn°p∂

]usemkmWv CXv {]mtbmKnIambn \n¿hNn®n´p≈Xv.

49

]cnioe\w t\Snb Hcp sblqZ Kpcpsh∂ \nebn¬, sk]v‰z-Pn‚n¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂ sk-Z°v

F∂ F{_mb ]Z-Øns‚ A¿∞Øn¬ ˛{Ko°v kmlnXy A¿∞-Øn-e√ ˛ Un°m-bn-tbm-kp\o

(dikaiosunhdikaiosunhdikaiosunhdikaiosunhdikaiosunh) F∂ ]Zw ]usemkv D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p. {Ko°v enJnXßfn¬ Un°mbntbmkp\o F∂

]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv ssZhØns‚bpw kaqlØns‚bpw {]Xo£ItfmSp tbmPn® Hcp hy‡n

F∂ \ne-bnemWv. F{_mb A¿∞Øn¬ CXv DSºSnbpsS BibØnemWv D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≈Xv.

btlmh \oXnbpw [m¿ΩnIXbpw km∑m¿§nIXbpw D≈ ssZhamWv. Xs‚ P\w Xs‚ kz`mhsØ

{]Xnên∏n°Wsa∂v Ah≥ B{Kln°p∂p. hos≠-Sp°s∏´ a\pjyh¿§w Hcp ]pXnb krjvSnbmbn

Øocp∂p. Cu ]pXp°w ssZhnIXbpsS Hcp ]pXnb PohnXssien°v CSbm°p∂p (\oXoIcWØns‚

tdma≥ ItØmen°m hnh£). bn{km-tb¬, atXX-c-Xz-sa∂pw (km-aq-lnI \nb-a-ßƒ) hnip-≤-sa∂pw

(ssZ-h-Øns‚ lnXw) Imcy-ßsf hy‡-ambn th¿Xn-cn-°m-\m-hmØ ssZhnI `cWØn≥ Iognep≈

Hcp cmPyambncp∂Xn\m¬ Cu hyXymkw ""\oXn'' (/\ymbw, kaqltØmSp≈ _‘Øn¬), ""\oXn''

(aXhnizmktØmSp≈ _‘Øn¬) F∂nßs\ X¿÷a sNøm-hp∂ F{_m-b, {Ko°v ]Z-ß-fm¬

shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

hoWpt]mb a\pjyh¿§w ssZhhpambp≈ Iq´mbvabnte°v hos≠Sp°s∏ńcn°p∂psh∂XmWv

tbiphns‚ kphntijw (\√ hm¿Ø). CXv km[yam°s∏ńcn°p∂Xv ]nXmhns‚ kvt\lw, IcpW,

Ir], ]p{Xs‚ Poh≥, acWw, ]p\cp∞m\w, Bflmhns‚ kphntijtØmSp≈ A\p\bn∏n°epw

ASp∏n°epw F∂nhbneqsSbmWv. \oXoIcWw ssZhØns‚ kuP\yamb {]hrØnbmWv. F∂m¬

CXv ssZhnIXbn¬ shfns∏SWw (AK-Ãns‚ \ne-]m-Sv. CXv kphntijØns‚ kuP-\y-Zm\w F∂

\hoIcW Nn¥-bnepw kvt\lØns‚bpw hnizkvXXbpsSbpamb cq]m-¥cs∏´ PohnXw F∂ tdma¿

ItØmen°m Nn¥-bnepw {]Xnên°p∂p). \hoIcW I¿Øm°ƒ°v ""ssZhØns‚ \oXn'' F∂

]Z{]tbmKw Hcp H_vPIvSohv sP\n‰ohv BWv. (AXmbXv ]m]nIfmb a\pjyh¿§sØ ssZhØn\v

kzoImcyXbpfhcm°n h¿§sØ ssZhØn\v kzoImcyXbp≈hcm°n am‰p∂ {]hrØn [ÿm\ob

hnip≤oIWw] BWv AtX kabw ItØmen°¿°v CXv A[nIw ssZhsØt∏msebmIp∂

{]{Inbbmb Hcp k_vPIvSohv sP\‰ohv BWv [A\p`hkw_‘amb ]ptcmKa\ hnip≤oIcWw]bYm¿∞Øn¬ CXv Xo¿®bmbpw c≠pamWv).

Fs‚ ho£WØn¬, Dev]Øn 4 apX¬ shfn∏mSv 20 hscbp≈ apgph≥ ss__nfpw ssZhØns‚

GsZ\nse Iq´mbvabp≈ hos≠Sp°ens‚ tcJbmWv. thZ]pkvXIw Bcw`n°p∂Xv ùanI ]›m

ØeØnse ssZhhpw a\pjy\pambp≈ Iq´mbvabnemWv (Dev]Øn 1˛2) AXpt]mse Xs∂

thZ]pkvXIw Ahkm\n°p∂Xpw AtX ]›mØeØn¬ BWv (shfn∏mSv 21˛22). ssZhØns‚

kzcq]hpw Dt±iyhpw ]p\x-ÿm-]n-°-s∏-Spw.

ta¬∏d™ N¿®Iƒ tcJbm°phm≥ {Ko°v ]Zkaqlßsf hniZoIcn°p∂ Xmsgs°mSpØncn

°p∂ ]pXnb \nba hmIyßƒ {i≤n°pI.

1. ssZhw \oXnam\mWv (]et∏mgpw \ymbm[n]s\∂ \nebn¬ ssZhtØmSv _‘s∏ńcn°p∂p)

a. tdma. 3:26

b. 2 sX . 1:5˛6

c. 2 Xnsam. 4:8

d. shfn. 16:5

2. tbip \oXnam\mWv

a. {]hr. 3:14; 7:52; 22:14 (ainlmsb∂ ÿm\t∏cv)

b. aØm. 27:19

c. 1 tbml. 2:1; 29; 3:7

3. Xs‚ krjvSn°mbp≈ ssZhØns‚ lnXw \oXnbmWv

a. tehy. 19:2

b. aØm. 5:48 (H.t\m. 5:17˛20)

4. \oXn e`yam°p∂Xn\pw Dfhm°p∂Xn\pap≈ ssZhØns‚ am¿§w

a. tdma. 3:21˛31

b. tdma. 4

c. tdma. 5:6˛11

d. Kem. 3:6˛14

e. ssZhØm¬ \¬Is∏´p

1) tdma. 3:24; 6:23

2) 1 sImcn. 1:30

3) Fs^. 2:8˛9

50

f. hnizmkØm¬ kzoIcn®p

1) tdma. 1:17; 3:22,26; 4:3,5,13; 9:30; 10:4,6,10

2) 2 sImcn. 5:21

g. ]p{Xs‚ {]hrØnIfneqsS

1) tdma. 5:21

2) 2 sImcn. 5:21

3) ^nen. 2:6˛11

5. Xs‚ A\pKmanIƒ \oXnam∑mcnbn°Wsa∂mWv ssZhØns‚ lnXw

a. aØm. 5:3˛48; 7:24˛27

b. tdma. 2:13; 5:1˛5; 6:1˛23

c. 1 Xnsam. 6:11

d. 2 Xnsam. 2:22; 3:16

e. 1 tbml. 3:7

f. 1 ]s{Xm. 2:24

6. ssZhw \oXnbm¬ temIsØ hn[n°pw

a. {]hr. 17:31

b. 2 Xnsam. 4:8

\oXn ssZhØns‚ Hcp {]tXyIXbmWv, {InkvXphneqsS ]m]nIfmb a\pjyh¿§Øn\v kuP\yambn

\¬Is∏´p. AXv

1. ssZhØns‚ Hcp Iev]\bmWv

2. ssZhØns‚ Hcp Zm\amWv

3. {InkvXphns‚ Hcp {]hrØnbmWv

F∂m¬ CXv \oXn-am-\mbns°m≠n-cn-°p∂ Hcp {]{In-bbpw Du¿÷-kz-e-ambpw Dd-∏mbpw ]n¥pS-tc-

≠Xpw Hcp Zn\-Øn¬, c≠mw hc-hn¬, ]q¿Øn-bm°s∏tS-≠-Xp-am-Wv. c£-bn¬ ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ Iq´mbva

]p\x-ÿm]n°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p F∂m¬ ac-W-Øntem ]dqknb bntem Hcp apJmapJ I≠p-ap-´-¬ hsc-

]ptcm-K-an-°p-∂Xp-amIp∂p.

Cu N¿® D]-kw-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v ChnsSsbmcp \√ D≤-cWn-bp-≠v. CXv FSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂Xv IVP {]kn-

≤o-I-cn® Un£-Wdn Hm^v t]mƒ B‚ v lnkv set‰-gvkn¬ \n∂p-am-Wv.

""Im¬hn≥ eqYdns\-°m-f-[nIw ssZh-Øns‚ \oXn-bpsS _‘pXz]-c-amb LS-I-Øn\v Du∂¬

sImSp-°p-∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ \oXnsb∏‰n-bp≈ eqY-dns‚ ho£Ww Ip‰-hn-tam-N-\-Øns‚ LSIw Dƒs°m-

≈p-∂-Xmbn ImWp-∂p. \Ωn-te-°p≈ ssZh-Øns‚ \oXn-bpsS hn-\n-abw AYhm ]I-c-s∏-S¬ F∂

al-Ø-c-amb kz`m-hsØ Im¬hn≥ Du∂n-∏-d-bp∂p'' (t]. 834).

Fs‚ A`n-{]m-b-Øn¬ ssZh-tØmSp≈ hniz-kn-I-fpsS _‘-Øn\v aq∂p LS-I-ß-fp-≠v.

1. kphn-tijw Hcp hy‡n-bmWv (]uckvXy k`-Ifpw Im¬hn\pw Du∂n-∏-d-bp-∂-Xv)

2. kphn-tijw kXy-amWv (eq-Y-dn-s‚bpw AK-Ãn-s‚bpw Du∂n-∏-d-b¬)

3. kphn-tijw Hcp hyXym-k-s∏´ Pohn-X-amWv (I-tØm-en-°-cpsS Du∂n-∏-d-b¬)

Hcp -B-tcm-Ky-Ichpw i‡-hp-amb thZ-]p-kvX-Im-Sn-kvXm-\-Øn-ep≈ {InkvXym\nXzØn\v Ch-sb√mw

Hcp-an-®p-≠m-bn-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. GsX-¶nepw H∂p A[n-I-ambn Du∂n-∏-d-bp-Itbm aqey-tim-jWw hcp-

Øp-Itbm sNbvXm¬ {]iv\-ß-fp-≠m-Ipw.

\mw tbip-hns\ kzmKXw sNøWw!

\mw kphn-tijw hnizkn-°Ww!

{InkvXm-\p-cq]yw \mw ]n¥p-S-c-Ww!

NASB, NKJV ""hnizm-k-Øn¬ \n∂pw hnizm-k-Øn-te°v''

NRSV ""hnizmkw tlXp-hmbpw hnizm-k-Øn-\m-bn-s°m≠pw''

TEV ""AXv BZn-ap-X¬ Ah-km\w hsc hnizm-k-Øm¬''

NJB ""hnizmkw Fßs\ hnizm-k-Øn-te°p \bn-°p∂p F∂v AXp ImWn-°p∂p''

Cu {]tbm-K-Øn\v c≠v KXn D≠v. (GIv, Fbnkv ˛ ekekekekek, eijeijeijeijeij), Ah Hcp am‰sØ BYhm hnIm-ksØ

ImWn-°p-∂p. Ah≥ CtX coXn 2 sImcn. 2:16 epw At]m, Fbnkv (apoapoapoapoapo, eijeijeijeijeij) 2 sImcn. 3:18 epw D]-tbm-Kn-

°p-∂p. {InkvXym-\nXzw F∂Xv Hcp kz`m-hhpw Pohn-X-ssi-en-bp-ambn hf-cm≥ Dt±-in®p \¬Ip∂ Zm\-am-

Wv.

51

Cu {]tbmKw ]cn- m-j-s∏-Sp-Øm-hp∂ hnhn[ km[y-X-I-fp-≠v. hneywkv ]pXnb \nbaw AXns\ ""henb

hnizm-k-Øn-te°p \bn-°p∂ hnizm-k-Øns‚ am¿§w'' F∂p X¿÷a sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p. apJy-amb ssZh-

im-kv{X-]-c-amb hnjbw:

1. hnizmkw ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂p hcp∂p (sh-fn-s∏SpØs∏-´-Xv)

2. a\p-jy-h¿§w {]Xn-I-cn-°p-Ibpw XpS¿am\w {]Xn-I-cn-°p-Ibpw thWw.

3. hnizmkw `‡n-\n¿`c Pohn-X-sa∂ ^e-ap-f-hm-°-Ww.

Hcp Imcyw \n›-b-am-Wv. {InkvXp-hn-ep≈ ""hnizm-k-''amWv \n¿Æm-bIw (H.-t\m. 5:1; ^nen. 3:9). c£

F∂ ssZhnI Zm\-Øns‚ hyhÿ hnizm-k-{]-Xn-I-c-W-amWv (H.-t\m. a¿s°m. 1:15; tbml. 1:12; 3:16; {]hr.

3:16,19; 20:21). 1:5; 4:5; 10:4 F∂o `mK-ß-fnse {]tXyI ]T\hnj-b-ßƒ ImWp-I.

NASB ""F∂m¬ \oXn-bp≈ a\p-jy≥ hnizm-k-Øm¬ Pohn-°pw.''

NKJV ""\oXn-am≥ hnizm-k-Øm¬ Pohn°pw''

NRSV ""\oXn-bp-≈-h≥ hnizm-k-Øm¬ Pohn°pw''

TEV ""ssZh-hp-ambn Imcy-ßƒ icn-bm-°n-b-h≥ hnizmkw apJm-¥cw Pohn°pw''

NJB ""t\cp≈ a\p-jy≥ hnizmkw apJm-¥cw Poh≥ Is≠Øpw''

CXv l_. 2:4 ¬ \n-∂p≈ D≤-c-Wn-bm-Wv. F¶nepw atkm-sd-‰nIv ]Xn-∏n¬ \nt∂m sk]v‰z-Pn‚n¬

\nt∂m FSp-Øn- p-≈-X-√. ]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ ""hnizmkw'' F∂-Xn\v ""hnizm-k-tbm-KyX,'' ""hniz-kvXX'' AYhm

""Iqdv'' XpS-ßnb hnim-e-amb Be-¶m-cnI A¿∞-ß-fp≠v (1:5 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWp-I). c£m-

I-c-amb hnizmkw ssZh-Øns‚ hniz-kvX-X-bn¬- A-Sn-ÿm-\-s∏´XmWv (H.-t\m. 3:5; 21,22,25,26). F¶nepw

am\p-jnI hniz-kvX, Hcp-h≥ ssZhnI Zm\-Øn¬ B{i-bn®p F∂-Xns‚ sXfn-hm-Wv. CtX ]gb \nb-a-

`mKw Kem. 3:11 epw F{_m. 10:38 epw D≤-cn-®n-´p-≠v. ASpØ kmln-Xy-L-S-I-amb tdma. 1:18˛3:20 ssZh-

tØm-Sp≈ hniz-kvX-X-bpsS hn]-co-Xm-h-ÿ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

{]tbm-K-Øns‚ Ah-km\ mKsØ \nc-h[n B[p-\nI hymJym-Xm-°ƒ a\-kn-em-°p-∂-sX-ß-s\-sb∂v

t\m°p-∂Xp klm-b-I-c-am-Wv.

1. thmK≥: ""hnizm-k-Øn¬ Bcw-`n®v hnizm-k-Øn¬ Ah-km-\n-°p-∂p''

2. tlmUvPv: ""hnizm-k-Øm¬ am{Xw''

3. _mc‰v: ""hnizm-k-Øm¬ A√msX as‰m-∂n-s‚bpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-e√''

4. Ivt\mIvkv: ""hnizmkw BZyhpw Ah-km-\hpw''

5. ÃmKv: ""\oXn-am≥ hnizm-k-Øn¬ \n∂p-sIm≠v Pohn°pw''

tdma¿ 1:18-˛2318A\oXnsIm≠p kXysØ XSp°p∂ a\pjycpsS kIe A`‡n°pw A\oXn°pw t\sc

ssZhØns‚ tIm]w kz¿§Øn¬\n∂p shfns∏Sp∂p. 19ssZhsØ°pdn®p AdnbmIp∂Xp

Ah¿°p shfnhmbncn°p∂p; ssZhw Ah¿°p shfnhm°nbt√m. 20Ahs‚ \nXyi‡nbpw

ZnhyXzhpambn Ahs‚ AZriy e£Wßƒ temIkr„napX¬ Ahs‚ {]hrØnIfm¬

_p≤n°p sXfnhmbn shfns∏´phcp∂p; Ah¿°p {]XnhmZan√mXncnt°≠Xn∂p Xt∂. 21Ah¿

ssZhsØ Adn™n´pw Ahs\ ssZhsa∂p Hm¿Øp alXzoIcn°tbm \μn ImWn°tbm

sNømsX XßfpsS \ncq]Wßfn¬ hy¿∞cmbnØo¿∂p, AhcpsS hnthIan√mØ lrZbw

Ccp≠pt]mbn. 22⁄m\nIƒ F∂p ]d™psIm≠p Ah¿ aqVcmbnt∏mbn; 23A£b\mb

ssZhØns‚ tXP ns\ Ah¿ £bap≈ a\pjy≥, ]£n, \mev°men, CgPmXn F∂nhbpsS

cq]kmZriyambn am‰n°f™p.

1:18 hm. 16˛17 se hnjb kw_-‘n-bmb hmIy-Øn¬ Km¿ (for) aq∂p-{]m-hiyw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. AXv

kphn-ti-j-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ ]usem-kns‚ H∂m-asØ t]mbn‚ns\ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂p (1:18-˛3:31). AXm-bXv

c£-bv°mbn ssZh-i-‡n-bmWv kphn-tijw (1:16˛17).

""kXysØ XSp-°p∂ a\p-jy-cpsS'' CXv a\p-jys‚ A⁄-X-sb√ a\x-∏q¿Δ-amb Xnc-kvI-c-W-sØ-

bmWp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv (H.-t\m. hm. 21, 32; tbml. 3:17˛21). Cu {]tbm-K-Øns‚ A¿∞w Xmsg-∏-d-bp-∂h

Bbn-cn-°mw.

1. Ah¿ kXyw Adn-s™-¶nepw AXns\ \nc-kn-®p

2. Ah¿ kXysØ \nc-kn-°p-∂p-sh∂v Ah-cpsS PohnX ssien shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p

3. Ah-cpsS Pohn-Xhpw hm°p-Ifpw a‰p-≈-h¿ kXyw Adn-bm\pw AXns\ kzoI-cn-°m\pw CS-bm-°p-

∂n-√.

52

{]tXyI ]T\hnjbw ""kXyw''

]usem-kns‚ Fgp-Øp-I-fn¬Cu ]Z-Øn-s‚bpw AXns‚ cq]-ß-fp-sSbpw ]usem-kns‚ D]-tbm-Kw, ]g-b-\n-b-a -]-Z-amb Fsa‰v

¬ \n∂pw h∂-Xm-Wv. AXn-\¿∞w ""hnizm-k-tbm-Ky-amb'' AYhm ""hniz-kvX-amb'' (BDB 53) F∂m-

Wv. CS-°me sblqZ kmln-Xy-Øn¬ AXv t`mjvIn\v FXn-cmb kXysØ kqNn-∏n-°m≥ D]-tbm-Kn-

°-s∏-´p. G‰hpw A\p-tbm-Py-amb kam-¥cw Nmhp-I-S¬ Npcp-fp-I-fnse ""kvtXm{X KoX-ßƒ'' BWv.

AhnsS AXv shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏´ D]-tZ-i-ßsf kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. Ft \y kaq-l-Ønse AwK-ßƒ

""kXy-Øns‚ km£n-Iƒ'' Bbn amdn.

]usemkv Cu ]Zw tbip-{In-kvXp-hns‚ kphn-ti-jsØ ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ am¿K-ambn D]-

tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

1. tdma. 1:18,25; 2:8˛-20; 3:7; 15:8

2. 1 sImcn. 13:6

3. 2 sImcn. 4:2; 6:7; 11:10; 13:8

4. Kem. 2:5,14; 5:7

5. Fs^. 1:13; 6:14

6. sImsem. 1:5,6

7. 2 sX . 2:10,12,13

8. 1 Xnsam. 2:4; 3:15; 4:3; 6:5

9. 2 Xnsam. 2:15,18,25; 3:7,8; 4:4

10. XosØm. 1:1,4

Xs‚ kwkm-c-Øns‚ IrXy-Xsb shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ am¿K-ambpw Cu ]Zw ]usemkv D]-tbm-

Kn-°p∂p

1. {]hr. 26:25

2. tdma. 9:1

3. 2 sImcn. 7:14; 12:6

4. Fs^. 4:25

5. ^nen. 1:18

6. 1 Xnsam. 2:7

]usemkv 1 sImcn. 5:8 ¬ Xs‚ Dt±-iy-sØbpw Fs^. 4:24; 5:9; ^nen. 4:8 ¬ Xs‚ Pohn-X-ssi-en-

sbbpw kqNn-∏n-°m≥ Cu ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. Ah≥ Nne ka-bØv Bfp-Isf kqNn-∏n-°m\pw

CXp-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

1. ssZhw, tdma. 3:4 (H.-t\m. tbml. 3:33; 17:17)

2. tbip, Fs^. 4:21 (tbml. 14:6\p k-aw)

3. As∏m-kvX-enI km£n-Iƒ, XosØm. 1:13

4. ]usemkv, 2 sImcn. 6:8

]usemkv am{Xta {Inbm-cq]w D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-≈q. (A-eo-sX-bp-Hm˛alhqeuwalhqeuwalhqeuwalhqeuwalhqeuw, Kem. 4:16; Fs^. 4:15).

Ahn-sS-bXv kphn-ti-jsØ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. IqSp-X¬ ]T-\-Øn\v \yq C‚¿\m-j-W¬ Un£-\dn Hm^v

\yqsS-Ãvsa‚ v Xntbm-f-Pn, hmeyw 3, t]. 784˛902 (F-Un. sImfn≥ {_u¨) ImWp-I.

""ssZh-Øns‚ tIm]w'' hm. 18˛23, ]usem-kns‚ ImesØ PmXob temIsØ Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂p. PmXob

temIsØ kw_-‘n® ]usem-kns‚ khn-ti-j-amb Nn{Xo-I-cWw sblqZ kmln-Xy-Ønepw (H.-t\m.

item-tams‚ ⁄m\w 13:1 apX¬; Acn-Ãn-bm-kns‚ teJ\w 134˛138), {Ko°v, tdma≥ [¿Ω-imkv{X cN-\-I-

fnepw ImWmw. ssZh-kvt\-l-sØ-°p-dn®p \tΩmSp ]d-bp∂ AtX ss__nƒ Xs∂ Ahs‚ tIm]-

sØbpw shfn-s∏Sp-Øp∂p (H.-t\m. hm. 23˛32; 2:5,8; 3:5; 4:15; 5:9; 9:22; 12:19; 13:4-5).

tIm]w, kvt\lw F∂nh ssZh-Øn\p \¬In-bn-cn-°p∂ am\p-jnI ]Z-ß-fm-Wv. hnizm-kn-Iƒ {]Xn-I-

cn-°p-Ibpw Pohn-°p-Ibpw sNø-W-sa∂p ssZhw Bh-iy-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp hgn Ds≠-∂p≈ kXy-amWv Ah

shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv. ssZh-ln-X-Øns‚ ({In-kvXp-hns‚ kphn-ti-jw) a\x-∏q¿Δ-amb \nc-k\w `uan-Ihpw

Chn-SsØ kμ¿`-Øn¬ A¥y-Ime kw_-‘n-bm-b-Xp-amb (H.-t\m. 2:5) A\-¥-c-^-e-ßƒ Df-hm-°pw.

F¶nepw ssZhsØ {]Xn-ImcZmln-bmbn ImW-cp-Xv. \ymb-hn[n Ahs‚ ""A]q¿Δ-{Inb'' (H.-t\m. sbi.

28:21 apX¬) BWv. kvt\l-am-W-hs‚ kz`m-hw, Bh. 5:9 s\ 5:10; 7:9 ambn Xmc-X-ay-s∏-Sp-Øp-I. Ah-\n¬

\oXnbpw Icp-W-bp-amWv ap∂n´p \n¬°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ kI-ecpw ssZh-tØmSp IW-°p- t_m-[n-∏n-t°-≠-

53

XmWv (H.-t\m. k`m. 12:13˛14; Kem. 6:7), {InkvXob hnizm-kn-Iƒ t]mepw (H.-t\m. 14:10˛12; 2 sImcn. 5:10).

{]tXyI ]T\hnjbw:ssZhw a\pjys\∂ \nebn¬ hnhcn°s∏ńcn°p∂p(a\pjycq]mtcm]W `mj)

I CØcØnep≈ `mj ]gb \nbaØn¬ km[mcWbmbncp∂p (Nne DZmlcWßƒ)

A. ùXnI icoc`mKßƒ

1. IÆpIƒ ˛ Dev]. 1:4, 31; 6:8; ]pd. 33:17; kwJy. 14:14; Bh. 11:12; skJ. 4:10

2. ssIIƒ ˛ ]pd. 15:17; kwJy. 11:23; Bh. 2:15

3. `pPw ˛ ]pd. 6:6; 15:16; kwJy. 11:23; Bh. 4:34; 5:15

4. sNhnIƒ ˛ kwJy. 11:18; 1 iaq. 8:21; 2 cmPm. 19:16; k¶o. 5:1; 10:17; 18:6

5. apJw -˛ ]pd. 32:30; 33:11; kwJy. 6:25; Bh. 34:10; k¶o. 114:7;

6. hnc¬ ˛ ]pd. 8:19; 31:18; Bh. 9:10; k¶o. 8:3

7. i_vZw ˛ Dev]. 3:8,10; ]pd. 15:26; 19:19; Bh. 26:17; 27:10

8. Im¬ ˛ ]pd. 24:10; sbsl. 43:7

9. a\pjycq]w ˛ ]pd. 24:9˛-11; k¶o. 47; sbi. 6:1; sbsl. 1:26

10. btlmhbpsS ZqX≥ ˛ Dev]. 16:7˛13; 22:11˛15; 31:11,13; 48:15˛16; ]pd. 3:4,13˛21; 14:19; \ymbm. 2:1;

6:22˛-23; 13:3˛22

B. imcocnI {]h¿Ø\ßƒ

1. krjvSn∏ns‚ apJm¥cambn kwkmcn°p∂p ˛ Dev]. 1:3,6,9,11,14,20,24,26

2. GsZ\n¬ \S°p∂p (AXm. \S°p∂ H®) ˛ Dev]. 3:8; 18:33; l_. 3:15

3. t\mlbpsS s]ÍØns‚ hmXn¬ AsS®p ˛ Dev]. 7:16

4. bmKw aW°p∂p ˛ Dev]. 8:21; tehy. 26:31; Btam. 5:21

5. Cdßn hcp∂p ˛ Dev]. 11:5; 18:21; ]pd. 3:8; 19:11,18,20

6. tamsisb AS°p∂p ˛ Bh. 34:6

C. am\pjnI hnImcßƒ (Nne DZmlcWßƒ)

1. A\pXm]w/ZpxJw ˛ Dev]. 6:6,7; ]pd. 32:14; \ymbm. 2:18; 1 iaq. 15:29,35; Btam. 7:3,6

2. tIm]w ˛ ]pd. 4:14; 15:7; kwJy. 11:10; 12:9; 22:22; 25:3,4; 32:10,13,14; Bh. 6:5; 7:4; 29:20

3. Xo£vWX ˛ ]pd. 20:5; 34:14; Bh. 4:24; 5:9; 6:15; 32:16,21; tbmip. 24:19

4. Ad∏v/shdp∏v ˛ tehy. 20:23; 26:30; Bh. 32:19

D. IpSpw_ ]Zßƒ (Nne DZmlcWßƒ)

1. ]nXmhv

a. bn{kmtbens‚ ˛ ]pd. 4:22; Bh. 14:1; 39:5

b. cmPmhns‚ -˛ 2 iaq. 7:11˛16; k¶o. 2:7

c. ]nXmhns‚ {]hrØnIfpsS kmZriyßƒ ˛ Bh. 1:31; 8:5; 32:1; k¶o. 27:10; kZr. 3:12;

bnsc. 3:4,22; 31:20; tlmti. 11:1˛4; aem. 3:17

2. ]nXmhv/ amXmhv ˛ tlmti. 11:1˛4

3. amXmhv ˛ k¶o. 27:10 (apesImSp°p∂ amXmhns‚ kmZriyw); sbi. 49:15; 66:9˛13

4. hnizkvX buh\ Im¥≥ ˛ tlmtib 1˛3

II. CØcw `mjm {]tbmKØns‚ ImcWßƒ

A. ssZhØn\v Xs∂Øs∂ a\pjy¿°p shfns∏SpØm≥ Bhiyambn h∂p. ssZhsØ ]pcpj

\mbn Nn{XoIcn°p∂Xv tIhew a\pjycq]mtcm]Ww am{XamWv; ImcWw ssZhw Bflmhm

Ip∂p.

B. ssZhw a\pjyPohnXØnse G‰hpw A¿∞hØmb hkvXpXIƒ am{XsaSpØv, hoWpt]mb

a\pjyh¿§Øn\v Xs∂Øs∂ shfns∏SpØp∂Xn\mbn Ahsb D]tbmKn®p (]nXmhv, amXmhv,

c£I¿Ømhv, Im¥≥).

C. Bhiyambncps∂¶nepw ssZhw Xs∂Øs∂ GsX¶nepw ùXnI cq]Øn¬ ]cnanXs∏Sp

Øm\m{Kln®n√ (H. t\m. ]pd. 20; Bh. 5).

D. BXy¥nI a\pjycq]mtcm]Ww tbiphns‚ PU[mcWamWv! ssZhw imcocnIhpw, kv]¿in

°mhp∂Xpamb cq]saSpØp (H. t\m. 1 tbml. 1:1˛3). ssZhØns‚ ktμiw ssZhØns‚

hN\w Bbn amdn (H. t\m. tbml. 1:1-˛18).

54

""shfn-s∏-Sp-∂p'' kphn-tijw shfn-s∏´ kXyw Bbn-cn-°p∂Xpt]mse (hm. 17) Xs∂-bmWv ssZh-

Øns‚ tIm]hpw! c≠pw a\p-jy≥ Is≠-Øn-btXm Ahs‚ bp‡n-°-\p-k-cn-®p-≈tXm Bb {]h¿Øn-

b-√.

1:19 ""ssZh-sØ-°p-dn®v Adn-bm-Ip-∂Xv Ah¿°v shfn-hm-bn-cn-°p∂p; ssZhw Ah¿°p shfn-hm-°n-

bt√m'' kIe a\p-jy¿°pw krjvSn-bn¬ \n∂pw ssZh-sØ-°p-dn®p Nne-X-dnbmw (H.-t\m. hm. 20; Ctøm.

12:7˛10; k¶o. 19:1˛6 {]Ir-Xn-bn-eq-sS). Xntbm-f-Pn-bn¬ CXns\ ""{]Ir-Xn-bnse shfn-∏mSv'' F∂p hnfn-°p-

∂p. CXp ]q¿Æ-a√ F¶nepw Xncp-sh-gp-Øn-eqsStbm BXy-¥n-I-amb tbip-hn-eq-sStbm ssZh-Øns‚

""{]tXyI shfn-∏mSn'' s\°p-dn®v Hcn-°epw Adn-™n-ń-√m-Ø-hsc ssZhw \ymbw hn[n-°p-∂-Xns‚ ASn-

ÿm\w CXmWv (H.-t\m. k¶o. 19:7˛14; sImsem. 1:15; 2:9).

""Adn-bpI'' F∂ ]Zw c≠¿∞-Øn¬ ]pXnb \nb-a-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p≠v: (1) ]g-b-\n-ba A¿∞-

Øn¬ Bg-amb hy‡n-]-c-amb _‘w (H.-t\m. Dev]. 4:1; bnsc. 1:5); (2) {Ko°v A¿∞Øn¬ Hcp hkvXp-

hns\ kw_-‘n® hkvXp-X-Iƒ (H.-t\m. hm. 21). kphn-tijw F∂Xv Htc kabw \mw kzoI-cn-t°≠ Hcp

hy‡nbpw B hy‡nsb kw_-‘n®v \mw kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠-Xmb Hcp ktμ-i-

hp-am-Wv. Cu hmIy-Øn¬ c≠masØ A¿∞-Øn¬ am{X-am-WnXv D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

{]tXyI ]T\hn-jbw: Adn-bpI(Bh¿Ø-\-]pkvXIw amXr-I-bm-°n-s°m≠v)

""Adn-bpI'' F∂Xn\p≈ F{_mb ]Zw (_n.-Un._n 393) Jzm¬ \v A\-h[n A¿∞-ß-fp-≠v.

1. \∑-Xn-∑-Isf Adn-bpI ˛ Dev]. 3:22; Bh. 1:39; sbi. 7:14-˛15; tbm\m 4:11

2. Adn-hn-eqsS Adn-bp-I ˛ Bh. 9:2, 3, 6; 18:2

3. A\p-`-h-Øn-eqsS Adn-bp-I ˛ Bh. 3:19; 4:35; 8:2, 3, 5; 11:2; 20:20; 31:13; tbmip. 23:14

4. ]cn-K-Wn-°p-I ˛ Bh. 4:39; 11:2; 29:16

5. hy‡n-]-c-ambn Adn-bp-I

a. Hcp hy‡n ˛ Dev]. 29:5; ]pd. 1:8; Bh. 22:2; 33:9

b. Hcp tZh≥ ˛ Bh. 11:28; 13:2, 6, 13; 28:64; 29:26; 32:17

c. btlmh ˛ Bh. 4:35, 39; 7:9; 29:6; sbi. 1:3; 56:10-˛11

d. ssewKn-I-ambn ˛ Dev]. 4:1, 17, 25; 24:16; 38:26

6. Hcp sXmgn¬ sshZKv[yw As√-¶n¬ ⁄m\w ˛ sbi. 29:11, 12; Btam. 5:16

7. ⁄m\n-Ifm-bn-cn-°pI ˛ Bh. 29:4; kZr. 1:2; 4:1; sbi. 29:24

8. ssZhnI ⁄m\w

a. tamsi-bpsS ˛ Bh. 34:10

b. bn{km-tb-ens‚ ˛ Bh. 31:21, 27, 29

1:20 Cu hmIyw ssZhsØ kw_-‘n®v aq∂p hkvXp-X-Iƒ ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂p.

1. Ahs‚ AZriy e£-W-ßƒ (A-hs‚ kz`m-hw, H.-t\m. sImsem. 1:15; 1 Xnsam. 1:17; F{_m. 11:27)

2. Ahs‚ \nXy-i‡n ({]-Ir-Xn-bpsS krjvSn-∏n¬ ImW-s∏-Sp-∂Xv, H.-t\m. k¶o. 19:1˛6)

3. Ahs‚ ssZhnI {]IrXn (A-hs‚ {]hr-Øn-I-fnepw krjvSn-∏n≥ Dt±-iy-Ønepw ImWp-∂-h, H.-

t\m. Dev]. 1˛2)

""Znhy-Xz-hp-ambn'' sXbn-tbm-‰okv (qeiothjqeiothjqeiothjqeiothjqeiothj) F∂Xv ''ssZhnI {]uUn'' F∂p ]cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Ømw.

CXv tbip-hn¬ ]c-ambn Z¿in-°mw. Ah≥ AXp-ey-amb \ne-bn¬ ssZhnI kzcq]w hln®p (H.-t\m. 2

sImcn. 4:4; F{_m. 1:3). a\p-jy-cq-]-Øn-ep≈ kºq¿Æ ssZhnI shfn-∏m-SmWv Ah≥ (sIm-sem. 1:19; 2:9).

kphn-ti-j-Øns‚ A¤p-X-I-c-amb kXyw, hoWp-t]mb a\p-jy-h¿K-Øn\v {InkvXp-hn-ep≈ hnizmkw

apJm-¥-cw {InkvXp-km-Zriyw ]¶n-Sm-sa-∂-XmWv (H.-t\m. F{_m. 12:10; 1 tbml. 3:2). a\p-jy-\n-ep≈ ssZhnI

kzcq]w (H.-t\m. Dev]. 1:26˛27) ]p\x-ÿm-]n-°-s∏´p (sX-bn-tbmkv˛qeiojqeiojqeiojqeiojqeioj, H.-t\m. 2 ]s{Xm. 1:3˛4).

""temI-krjvSn apX¬'' At∏m F∂ KXn, ùanI A¿∞-Øn-em-Wp-]-tbmKn®ncn-°p-∂-Xv. kam-\-amb

{]tbmKw a¿s°m. 10:6; 13:19; 2 ]s{Xm. 3:4 ¬ ImWmw. AZr-iy-\mb ssZhw Ct∏mƒ

1. ùXnI krjvSn-bn¬ (Cu hmIyw)

2. Xncp-sh-gp-Øn¬ (k-¶o. 19, 119)

3. BXy-¥n-I-ambn tbip-hn¬ (H.-t\m. tbml. 14:9) shfn-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p.

NASB ""Ah≥ \n¿Ωn-®-h-bn-eqsS hy‡-ambn ImW-s∏-Sp-Ibpw a\-kn-em-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp∂p''

NKJV ""\n¿Ωn-°s∏´-h-bn-eqsS hy‡-ambn ImW-s∏-Sp-Ibpw a\- n-em-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp∂p''

55

NRSV ""Ah≥ \n¿Ωn® hkvXp-°-fn-eqsS a\- n-em-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw ImW-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p''

NJB ""krjvSn-°-s∏´ hkvXp-°-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ a\-kn-s‚ -A-dn-hn-eqsS hy‡-ambn ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p''

t\mbnHm (noewnoewnoewnoewnoew, H.-t\m. aØm. 15:17), ItØm-dmHm (kaqorawkaqorawkaqorawkaqorawkaqoraw) (c≠pw h¿Ø-am-\-Ime I¿Ω-Wn)

F∂o ]Z-ß-fpsS kwbp-‡w, Hcp bYm¿∞ [mc-Wsb kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. ssZhw c≠p {KŸ-ßƒ Fgp-Xn-bn-

´p≠v: (1) {]IrXn (H.-t\m. k¶o. 19:1˛6); (2) Xncp-sh-gpØv (H.-t\m. k¶o. 19:7˛14). Ah c≠pw a\pjy\p a\-

n-em-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂-hbpw Hcp {]Xn-I-cWw Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-h-bp-amWv (H.-t\m. ⁄m\w, 13:1˛9).

""Ah¿°p {]Xn-hm-Z-an-√m-Xn-cn-t°-≠-Xn\p Xt∂'' CXv B£-cn-I-ambn ""\nb-a-]-c-am-bn- {]-Xn-tcm-[n-

°m\mhmØXv'' F∂m-Wv. {Ko°p ]Zw (A+At∏m-tem-sKtbmambn -˛ aaaaa+apologeomaiapologeomaiapologeomaiapologeomaiapologeomai) ]pXnb \nb-a-

Øn¬ Chn-sSbpw 2:1 epw am{Xta D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≈q. 1:18˛3:20 s‚ ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-amb Dt±iyw kIe

am\-h-Pm-Xn-bp-sSbpw Bfln-I-ambn \jvS-s∏´ Ah-ÿsb shfn-s∏-Sp-ØpI F∂-XmWv Ft∂m¿°p-I.

a\p-jy¿ \nßƒ°p e`n® ⁄m\-Øn\v DØ-c-hm-Zn-I-fm-Wv. Ah¿°v Adn-bmhp-∂tXm As√-¶n¬ Adn-

bm≥ Ign-hp-≈tXm Bb Imcy-ßƒ°p am{Xta ssZhw a\p-jytcmSp IW°p tNmZn-°p-I-bp≈q (H.-t\m.

4:15; 5:13).

1:21 ""Ah¿ ssZhsØ Adn-™n´pw'' a\p-jy≥ aX-]-c-ambn apt∂-dp-∂n√ ˛ Ah¿ ZpjvS-X-bn-te-°mWp

apt∂-dp-∂-Xv. Dev]Øn 3 apX¬ a\p-jy-h¿Kw A[x-]-X-\-Øn-te-°mWp s]mbvs°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. A‘-

Imcw h¿≤n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.

""Ahs\ ssZh-sa∂p Hm¿Øp al-Xzo-I-cn-°tbm \μn-Im-Wn-°p-Itbm sNømsX'' hm. 23,24 se

PmXob hn{K-lm-cm-[-\-bpsS Zpc-¥-am-Wn-Xv (H.-t\m. bnsc. 2:9˛13). hnizm-kn-Iƒ {InkvXpXpey Pohn-X-Øn-

eqsS ssZhsØ ""al-Xz-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p'' (H.-t\m. aØm. 5:16; tdma. 12:1˛2; 1 sImcn. 6:20; 10:31; ^nen-. 1:20; 1

]s{Xm. 4:11). hoWp-t]m-b, A‘X _m[n®, temI-Øn\v Xs‚ kz`mhw {]Xn-_nw-_n-∏n°p∂/shfn-s∏-Sp-

Øp∂ Hcp P\sØ btlm-hbv°v Bh-iy-ap-≠v.

""Xß-fpsS \ncq-]-W-ß-fn¬ hy¿∞-cm-bn-Øo¿∂p. Ah-cpsS hnth-I-an-√mØ lrZbw Ccp-≠p-t]m-

bn'' Hem°v Fw. tam¿en-bpsS Z \yq sSÃvsa‚ v; F. \yq{Sm≥kvtej-\n¬ ""adn®v Ah¿ Ahs\°pdn-®p≈

hne-Ip-d™ Dulm-t]m-l-ß-fn¬ hym]r-X-cm-Ip-Ibpw Ah-cpsS hnth-I-an-√mØ lrZbw Ccp-´n-¬ X∏n-Ø-

S-bp-I-bpw- sN-bvXn-cn-°p-∂p'' F∂v X¿÷a sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p. a\pjy kwhn[m\-ßƒ- B-flnI adp-X-en-∏n-

s‚bpw Al-¥-X-bp-sSbpw kvamc-I-ß-fmWv (H.-t\m. hm. 22; sImsem. 2:16˛23).

""hy¿∞w'' F∂p X¿÷a sNbvXn-cn-°p∂ ]Zw sk]v‰z-Pn‚n¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv bn{km-tb-ens‚

Ab¬cm-Py-ß-fpsS ""hy¿∞-amb,'' ""\ne-\n¬∏n-√mØ'' hn{K-l-ßsf kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\m-Wv. sk]v‰z-Pn‚n¬-

A-h-Km-l-ap≈ F{_mb Nn¥-I-\mWv ]usem-kv. sk]v‰z--Pn‚nse {Ko°p ]Z-ßƒ {Ko°v i_vZ-Xm-cm-h-en-

sb-°m-f-[nIw ]pXnb\nba Fgp-Øp-Im¿°v hgn-Im-´n-bm-bn-Øo¿∂n-´p-≠v.

c≠p {Inb-Ifpw `qX-Ime I¿ΩWn kqN-I-ß-fm-Wv. I¿ΩWn {]tbmKw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv, Ah-cpsS

⁄m\-an-√m-bvabpw icn-bmb {]Xn-I-c-W-an-√m-bvabpw ssZhw Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-Øn-\p- a-d-bn-´-Xp-sIm-≠mWv

F∂mtWm? AtXm Ah¿ shfn-®sØ \nc-kn-®-XmtWm Ah-cpsS lrZbw ITn-\-s∏-Sm≥ ImcWw (H.-t\m.

10:12˛16; 2 cmPm. 17:15; bnsc. 2:5; Fs^. 4:17˛19)? ]pd-∏m-Sn¬ ^d-thm-t\mSp _‘-s∏-´p-≈- AtX ssZh-im-

kv{X-]-c-amb tNmZy-am-Wn-Xv.

ssZhw Ahs‚ lrZbw ITn-\-am°n ^d-thm≥ Xs‚ lrZbw ITn-\-am°n

]pd. 4:21 ]pd. 8:15

9:12 8:32

10:20 9:34

11:10

14:4

14:8

14:17

9:35 ¬ ITn-\-am-°n-bXv ssZhtam ^d-thmt\m BImw. CXmWv ssZhnI ]c-am-[n-Im-c-Øn-s‚bpw am\p-

jnI kzX{¥ C—-bp-sSbpw a¿Ωw.

""lrZbw'' apgp hy‡n-Xz-sØbpw kqNn-∏n-°p∂ ]g-b-\n-ba A¿∞-Øn-em-WnXv D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂-

Xv. F¶nepw CXv ]e-t∏mgpw Nn¥, hnImc {]{In-bsb kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ am¿§w IqSn-bm-Wv. 1:24 se

{]tXyI ]T\ hnjbw ImWpI

56

1:22

NASB, NKJV ""⁄m\nIƒ F∂p \Sn-®p-sIm≠v Ah¿ aqV-cm-bn-t∏mbn''

NRSV ""⁄m\nIƒ F∂-h-Im-is∏-´p-sIm≠v Ah¿ aqV-cm-bn-t∏mbn''

TEV ""Xßƒ ⁄m\n-Iƒ -F-∂-h¿ ]d-bp-∂p, F∂m¬ Ah¿ aqV-cm-Wv''

NJB ""Xß-sf-Øs∂ XXz⁄m-\n-Iƒ F∂-h¿ F{Xb[nIw hnfn-®pthm A{X-b-[nIw

_p≤n-iq-\y-cmbn Ah¿ Xo¿∂p''

{]iv\w, a\p-jy-h¿§-Øns‚ Al-¥bpw kz¥ -⁄m-\-Øn-ep≈ Bfl-hn-izm-k-hp-amWv (H.-t\m. 1

sImcn. 1:18˛31; sImsem. 2:8˛23). CXv Dev]. 3 te°v FØn \n¬°p-∂p. ⁄m\w th¿]mSpw \ymb-hn-[nbpw

sIm≠p-h-cp-∂p. am\p-jnI ⁄m\w Ft∏mgpw sX‰m-sW-∂-√, ]t£ AX√ BXy-¥nIw!

1:23 ssZhnI kzcq-]-Øn¬ krjvSn-°-s∏´ a\p-jys‚ a\-∏q¿Δ-amb A⁄X (H.t\m. Dev]. 1:26˛27; 5:1,3;

9:6) ssZhsØ Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ `uanI hn{K-l-ß-tfmSp ka-am-°n.

1. arK-ßƒ (an-{k-bow)

2. {]IrXn i‡n-Iƒ (t]¿jy)

3. a\pjycq]-ßƒ ({Kokv/tdmw) ˛ hn{K-l-ßƒ! ssZh-Øns‚ kz¥-P\w t]mepw CXp sNbvXp (H.t\m

Bh. 4:15˛24).

Cu ]gb ]m]-Øns‚ Nne ]pXnb cq]-ßƒ:

1. ]cn-ÿnXn hmZw (`qan amXm-hv)

2. \hbpK ]uc-kvXy-Nn¥ (an-Ãn-kn-kw, kv]ncn-Nz-en-kw, H°ƒ´v)

3. \nco-iz-c-hmZ a\p-jy-hmZw (am¿Ivkn-kw, Dt´m-]y-\n-kw, ]ptcm-K-a\ Bi-b-hm-Zw, cmjv{So-b-Øntem

hnZym-`ym-k-Øntem D≈ BXy-¥nI hnizm-kw)

4. {]IrXn NnIn’ (B-tcm-Kyhpw Bbp¿ssZ¿Lyhpw)

5. hnZym-`ymkw

""tXPkv'' 3:23 se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw ImWp-I.

""£b-ap≈ a\pjy≥'' Xmsg-°m-Wp∂ {]tXy-I ]T\hnjbw ImWp-I.

{]-tXyI ]T\hnjbw: \in-∏n-°p-I, ]mgm-°p-I,

Zpjn-∏n-°pI (FQEIRWFQEIRWFQEIRWFQEIRWFQEIRW)^vsXbntdm (fqeirwfqeirwfqeirwfqeirwfqeirw) F∂ Cu ]Z-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\ A¿∞w \in-∏n-°p-I, ]mgm-°p-I, Zpjn-∏n-°p-

I, hjfm-°p-I Fs∂-√m-am-Wv. Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ Imcy-ßƒ°v Cu ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-°mw.

1. kmº-ØnI A[x-]-X\w (2 sImcn. 7:2 km[y-X)

2. imco-cnI \miw (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 3:17F)

3. [m¿ΩnI A[x-]-X\w (H.-t\m. tdma. 1:23; 8:21; 1 sImcn. 15:33,42,50; Kem. 6:8; shfn. 19:2)

4. ssewKn-I-ambn \in-∏n-°¬ (H.-t\m. 2 sImcn. 11:3)

5. \nXy-\miw (H.-t\m. 2 ]s{Xm. 2:12,19)

6. a\p-jy-cpsS \in-®p-t]m-Ip∂ ]nXr-]m-c-º-cy-ßƒ (H.-t\m. sImsem. 2:22; 1 sImcn. 3:17_n)

Cu ]Zw ]e-t∏mgpw AXns‚ \ntj-[m-flI FXn¿]-Z-Øns‚ AtX kμ¿`-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°m-dp≠v

(H.-t\m. tdma. 1:23; 1sImcn. 9:25; 15:50, 53). \ΩpsS `qanbnse `uXnI ico-c-ßfpw \ΩpsS kz¿Kob

\nXy-i-co-c-ßfpw XΩn-ep≈ kam-¥c sshcp[yw {i≤n-°p-I.

1. {Zh-Xz-ap-≈Xv X A{Z-h-Xzap-≈-Xv, 1 sImcn. 15:42,50

2. A]-am\w X tXP v, 1 sImcn. 15:43

3. _e-lo-\X X i‡n, 1 sImcn. 15:43

4. {]mIrX icocw X BflnI ico-cw, 1 sImcn. 15:44

5. H∂mw BZmw X HSp-°sØ BZmw, 1 sImcn. 15,45

6. aÆp-sIm-≠p-≈-hs‚ {]Xna X kz¿§o-bs‚ {]Xn-a, 1 sImcn. 15:49

57

tdma¿ 1:24-˛2524AXpsIm≠p ssZhw Ahsc XßfpsS lrZbßfnse tamlßfn¬ kz¥ icocßsf XΩn¬

XΩn¬ Aham\nt°≠Xn∂p Aip≤nbn¬ Gev]n®p. 25ssZhØns‚ kXyw Ah¿ hymPam°n

am‰n°f™p, kr„n®hs\°mƒ kr„nsb Pn®p Bcm[n®p; Ah≥ Ft∂°pw hmgvØs∏´h≥,

Bta≥.

1:24,26,28 ""ssZhw... Ahsc Gev]n®p'' km[y-amb G‰hpw ITn\ \ymb-hn-[n-bm-Wn-Xv. ""hoWp-t]mb a\p-

jy-h¿§w Ah-cpsS hgn-°p-t]m-Is´'' F∂p ssZhw ]d-bp-∂-Xp-t]m-se-bmWv (H.-t\m. k¶o. 81:12; tlmtib

4:17; {]hr. 7:42. Cu ssZh-imkv{X hnj-b-Øn¬ \nc-h[n ].-\n. `mK-ßƒ D≤-cn-°p-∂p-≠v). hm. 23˛32,

PmXob temI-sØbpw AXns‚ aX-kw-hn-[m-\-sØbpw (\-Ωp-sSbpw) ssZhw \nc-kn-®-Xns\ (Xm¬°m-

enI tIm]w) hnh-cn-°p-∂p. PmXob aX-Øns‚ khn-tij ssewKnI A[x-]-X-\hpw Nqj-Whpw Bbn-cp-

∂p, Ct∏mgpw BIp-∂p.

1:24 ""lrZ-b-ß-fnse'' Xmsg-bp≈ {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw ImWp-I.

{]tXyI ]T\ hnjbw: lrZbw{Ko°p ]Z-amb Im¿Unb, F{_mb ]Z-amb te_v (BDB 523)s\ kqNn-∏n-°p-hm≥ ]pXnb \nb-a-

Ønepw sk]v‰z-Pn‚nepw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. hnhn[ \ne-I-fn¬ AXp]tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂p (H.-t\m.

Bauer, Arndt, Gingrich and Danker, A Greek-English Lexicon, pp. 403-404)1. `uXnI Pohn-X-Øns‚ tI{μw, Hcp hy‡nsb kqNn-∏n-°p∂ kmZriyw (H.-t\m. {]hr. 14:17; 2

sImcn-. 3:2˛3; bmt°m. 5:5)

2. BflnI Pohn-X-Øns‚ tI{μw (A-Xm. km∑m¿Kn-Iw)

a. ssZhw lrZ-bsØ Adn-bp∂p (H.-t\m. eqs°m. 16:15; tdma. 8:27; 1 sImcn-. 14:25; 1 sX .-

2:14; shfn-. 2:23)

a. a\pjy‚ Bflob Pohn-X-Øn-\p-]tbm-Kn-®n-cn°p∂p (H.-t\m. aØm. 15:18-˛19; 18:35; tdma.

6:17; 1 Xnsam. 1:5; 2 Xnsam-. 2:22; 1 ]s{Xm. 1:22)

3. Nn¥m Pohn-X-Øns‚ tI{μw (AXm. _u≤nIw, H.-t\m. aØm. 13:15; 24:48; {]hr. 7:23; 16:14;

28:27; tdma. 1:21; 10:6; 16:18; 2 sImcn-. 4:6; Fs^-. 1:18; 4:18; bmt°m. 1:26; 2 ]s{Xm. 1:19; shfn. 18:7;

lrZbw a\- ns‚ ]cym-b-ambn ˛ 2 sImcn-. 3:14-˛15; ^nen-. 4:7)

4. C—-bpsS tI{μw (A-Xm. C„w, {]hr. 5:4; 11:23; 1 sImcn-. 4:5; 7:37; 2 sImcn-. 9:7)

5. hnIm-c-ß-fpsS tI{μw (H.-t\m. aØm. 5:28; {]hr-. 2:26,37; 7:54; 21:13; tdma. 1:24; 2 sImcn-. 2:4; 7:3;

Fs^-. 6:22; ^nen-. 1:7).

6. Bflm-hns‚ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS AXp-ey-ÿm\w (H.-t\m. tdma. 5:5; 2 sImcn. 1:22; Kem. 4:6

(AXm. {InkvXp \ΩpsS lrZ-b-Øn¬, Fs^-. 3:17)).

7. lrZbw F∂Xv apgp-hy-‡n-Xz-sØbpw kqNn-∏n-°p∂Xn\p≈ kmZr-iy-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p

(H.-t\m. aØm. 23:37; Bh. 6:5 s‚ D≤m-c-Wn). Nn¥-Iƒ, {]c-W-I-ƒ, {]hr-Øn-Iƒ F∂nh

hy‡n GXp Xc-Øn-ep-≈-h-\m-sW∂p shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm-\p≈ lrZ-b-Øns‚ am¿§-ßfm-Wv.

Cu ]Z-ßƒ°v ]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ Nne {it≤bamb D]-tbm-K-ßƒ ImWmw.

a. Dev]. 6:6; 8:21, ""AXp Ahs‚ lrZ-b-Øn\p ZpxJ-ambn''; tlmti. 11:8-˛9 IqSn ImWp-I

b. Bh. 4:29; 6:5, ""]q¿Æ-lr-Z-b-tØmSpw ]q¿Æ BflmthmSpw''

c. Bh. 10:16 ""lrZ-b-Øns‚ ]cn-t—-Z\''; tdma¿ 2:29

d. sbsl. 18:31-˛32 ""Hcp ]pXnb lrZbw''

e. sbsl. 36:26 ""Hcp ]pXnb lrZbw'' Vs ""I√m-bp≈ lrZbw''

1:25 ""ssZh-Øns‚ kXysØ Ah¿ hymP-am°n am‰n-°-f-™p'' CXns\ hnhn[ \ne-I-fn¬ a\ n-em-

°mw.

1. a\p-jy≥ kzbw ssZhXzw Iev]n-®Xv (H.-t\m. 2 sX . 2:4,11)

2. Xm≥ \n¿Ωn-®-Xns\ ˛ hn{K-l-ßƒ ˛ a\p-jy≥ Bcm-[n-®Xv (H.-t\m. sbi. 44:20; bnsc. 13:25; 16:19)

kI-e-sØbpw krjvSn® btlm-hsb Bcm-[n-°p-∂-Xn\pw ]Icw (H.-t\m. hm. 18˛23)

3. kphn-tij kXysØ a\p-jy-h¿Kw kºq¿Æ-ambn \nc-kn-®Xv (H.-t\m. tbml. 14:17; 1 tbml.

2:21,27). c≠m-a-tØ-XmWv kμ¿`-Øn\p IqSp-X¬ tbmPn-®-Xv.

""`Pn®p Bcm-[n®p'' a\p-jy\v F∂pw tZh-∑m-cp-≠m-bn-cn-°pw. kIe a\p-jycpw Xßƒ°v AXo-X-

\mb Hcp-h≥, Hcp kXyw As√-¶n¬ Hcp hkvXp Ds≠∂v hniz-kn-°p-∂p.

58

""Ah≥ Ft∂°pw hmgvØ-s∏-´-h≥, Bta≥'' ]usemkv Xs‚ khn-tij coXn-bmb sblqZ kvXpXn-

bn-te°v s]s´∂p {]th-in-°p∂p (H.-t\m.- tdm-a. 9:5; 2 sImcn. 11:31). ]usemkv Fgp-Xp-tºmƒ Xs∂

{]m¿∞n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p (H.-t\m. 9:5; 11:36; 15:33; 16:27).

""Ft∂°pw'' Xmsg-bp≈ {]tXyI ]T\ hnjbw ImWp-I.

{]tXyI ]T\hnjbw: Ft∂°pw ({Ko°v {]tbm-Kw)Hcp {Ko°v ssien {]tbm-K-amWv ""Ft∂°pw'' (H.-t\m. eqs°m. 1:33; 1:55; tbml. 6:58; 8:35; 12:34;

14:16; tdma. 1:25; 11:36; 16:27; 2 sImcn. 9:9; Kem. 1:5; 1 Xnsam. 1:7) AXv F{_mb Hemw s\ {]Xn-^-en-∏n-

°p-∂p. tdm_¿´v Kn¿Un¬tÃm-Wns‚ knt\m-\nwkv Hm^v Z HmƒUv sSÃvsa‚ v (t]Pv 319˛321), ].-\n.

{]tXyI ]T\hnjbw: Ft∂°pw (H-emw) F∂nh ImWp-I. AXn-t\mSp _‘-s∏´ a‰p {]tbm-K-ß-

fmWv ""Hcp\mfpw'' (a-Øm. 21:19 [a¿s°m. 11:14]; tbml. 13:8), ""Ft∂°pw Xe-apd Xe-ap-d-bmbn'' (F-

s^. 3:21). ""Ft∂°pw'' Xeapd-X-e-ap-d-bmbn'' (F-s^. 3:21). ""Ft∂°pw'' F∂-Xn-\p≈ Cu {Ko°p-{]-

tbm-K-ßƒ XΩn¬ Hcp hyXym-k-hp-an-√. ""Ime-ßƒ'' F∂Xv d_n-\n-°¬ hymI-cW \n¿ΩnXnbn¬

""kw]qPy _lp-h-N\w'' F∂p hnfn-°-s∏-Sp∂ Be-¶m-cnI _lp-h-N\ cq]-am-bn-cn-°mw. As√-¶n¬

AXp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv ""ZpjvS-X-bpsS Imew,'' ""hcp-hm-\p≈ Imew'' As√-¶n¬ ""\oXn-bpsS Imew''

F∂n-ß-s\-bp≈ \nc-h[n sblqZ Ime-ßƒ F∂ Bi-b-sØ-bm-Imw.

""Bta≥'' Xmsg-bp≈ {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWp-I.

{]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: Bta≥I. ]gb \nbaw

A. ""Bta≥'' F∂ ]Zw

1. ""kXyw'' (F-sa-Øv, BDB 49)2. ""kXyap≈ Ahÿ'' (Fap≥, Fap-\mlv, BDB 53)3. ""hnizmkw'' AYhm ""hniz-kvXX''

4. ""B{ibw'' (Ua≥, BDB 52)F∂n-h-bv°p≈ F{_mb ]Z-Øn¬\n∂pw h∂-Xm-Wv.

B. AXns‚ hyp¬]Øn Hcp hy‡n-bpsS ÿnc-X-tbm-sS-bp≈ imco-cnI \n¬∏ns\ kqNn-∏n-°p-

∂p. ÿnc-X-bn-√m-Ø, hgp-Xn-t∏m-Ip∂ (H. t\m. Bh. 28:64-˛67; 38:16; k¶o. 40:2; 73:18; bnsc.

23:12) As√-¶n¬ CS-dp∂ (H. t\m. k¶o . 73:2) Hcp-h≥ F∂-Xm-Wv AXns‚ hn]-co-Xw. Cu

B£-cnI D]-tbm-K-Øn¬\n∂pw hniz-kvX\mb, Iqdp≈, hniz-kn-°m≥ sIm≈m-hp∂ (H.

t\m. Dev]. 15:16; l_. 2:4) F∂ Be-¶m-cnI hnti-jWw cq]w-sIm-≠p.

C. {]tXyI D]-tbm-K-ßƒ

1. Hcp XqWv, 2 cmPm. 18:16 (1 Xnsam. 3:15)

2. Dd-∏v, ]pd. 17:12

3. t\sc-bp-≈, ]pd. 17:12

4. ÿnc-X, sbi. 33:6; 34:5˛7

5. kXy-am-b, 1 cmPm. 10:6; 17:24; 22:16; kZr. 12:22

6. Dd-∏p-≈, 2 Zn\. 20:20; sbi. 7:9

7. hniz-kn-°m-hp∂ (tXm-dm), k¶o. 119:43,142,151,168

D. ]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ a‰p c≠p F{_mb ]Z-ßƒ kPoh hnizm-k-Øn\v D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p≠v

1. _mØmJv (BDB 105), B{ibw

2. bvcm (BDB 431), `bw, _lp-am-\w, Bcm-[\ (H. t\m. Dev]. 22:12)

E. B{ibw AYhm hniz-k-\o-bX F∂ A¿∞-Øn¬\n∂pw, as‰m-cp-hs‚ kXytam hniz-k-\o-

btam Bb Hcp {]kvXm-h-\sb ÿnco-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Hcp Bcm-[-\m-]-c-amb Hcp D]-tbmKw

cq]w-sIm≠p (H. t\m. Bh. 27:25˛26; s\sl. 8:6; k¶o. 41:13; 70:19; 89:52; 106:48).

F. Cu ]Zw a\- n-em-°p-∂Xn-\p≈ ssZh-im-kvX-c-]-c-amb Xmt°m¬, Cu ]Zw a\pjys‚

hnizkvXXsbb√, btlm-h-bpsS hniz-kvX-X-sb-bmWp Ipdn-°p-∂Xv F∂-XmWv (H. t\m.

]pd. 34:6; Bh. 32:4; k¶o. 108:4; 115:1; 117:2; 138:2). hoWp-t]mb a\p-jy-Ip-e-Øns‚ GI

{]Xym-i, btlm-h-bp-sSbpw Ahs‚ hmKvZ-Ø-ß-fp-sSbpw Icp-Wm-]q¿Δ-ap-≈, hniz-kvX-amb,

59

DS-ºSn hniz-kvX-X-bm-Wv. btlm-hsb Adn-bp-∂-h¿ Ah-s\-t∏mse BIWw (H. t\m. l_.

2:4). ssZhw a\p-jy-\n¬ Xs‚ kzcq-]sØ ]p\xÿm]n°p∂Xns‚ Ncn-{Xhpw tcJ-bp-amWv

ss__nƒ (H. t\m. Dev]. 1:26˛27). c£, ssZh-hp-ambn Bflm¿∞ _‘w ]pe¿Øp-∂-Xn-

\p≈ a\p-jys‚ Ign-hns\ bYm-ÿm-\-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p. AXn-\m-bn-´mWv \mw krjvSn-°-s∏-ń-cn-

°p-∂-Xv.

II. ]pXnb \nbaw

A. Hcp {]kvXm-h-\-bpsS hnizm-kyX kw_-‘n-®p≈ D]-kw-lmc {]m¿∞\m{Ia Dd∏n°¬ F∂

\ne-bn¬ ""Bta≥'' F∂ ]ZØns‚ D]-tbmKw ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ km[m-c-W-amWv (H. t\m.

1 sImcn. 14:16; 2 sImcn. 1:20; shfn. 1:7; 5:14; 7:12).

B. {]m¿∞\bpsS D]kw-lmcw F∂ \ne-bn¬ Cu ]ZØns‚ D]-tbmKw ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬

km[m-c-W-amWv (H. t\m. tdma. 1:25; 9:5; 11:36; 16:27; Kem. 1:5; 6:18; Fs^. 3:21; ^nen. 4:20; 2

sX . 3:18; 1 Xnsam. 1:17; 6:16; 2 Xnsam. 4:18).

C. kp{]-[m\ {]kvXm-h-\-Isf Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn Cu ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-®Xv (tbml-∂m-\n¬

an°t∏mgpw Cc-ń-∏n¬) tbip am{X-amWv (H. t\m. eqs°m. 4:24; 12:37; 18:17,29; 21:32; 23:43)

D. shfn. 3:14 ¬ CXv tbip-hn-\p≈ Hcp t]cmbn D]-tbm-Kn-°-s∏´p (H-cp-]t£ sbi. 65:16 ¬

btlm-h-bv°p≈ Hcp \maw)

E. hniz-kvXX AYhm hnizmkw, hniz-k-\o-bX AYhm B{ibw F∂ Bi-bw, {Ko°p ]Z-

ßfmb ]ntÃmkv AYhm ]nÃnkv shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Chsb ""B{i-bw,'' ""hnizm-

kw,'' ""hniz-kn-°pI'' F∂p ]cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Ømw.

tdma¿ 1:26- 2726AXpsIm≠p ssZhw Ahsc Aham\cmKßfn¬ Gev]n®p; AhcpsS kv{XoIƒ kzm`mhnI-

t`mKsØ kz`mhhncp≤am°n°f™p. 27AΔÆw ]pcpj∑mcpw kzm`mhnI kv{Xot`mKw hn´p

At\ym\yw Imaw Pzen®p BtWmSp B¨ Ahe£WambXp {]h¿Øn®p. Cßs\ Ah¿

XßfpsS hn{àØn∂p tbmKyamb {]Xnêw Xßfn¬ Xt∂ {]m]n®p.

1:26˛27 krjvSn-bn-ep≈ ssZhnI Dt±-iy-Øn¬ \n∂pw (h¿≤n®p s]cp-Ip-I) AI-∂p≈ Pohn-X-Øns‚ Hcp-

Zm-l-c-W-amWv kzh¿§ cXn. AsXmcp ]m]hpw Hcp apJy kmwkvIm-cnI {]iv\-hp-am-Wv.

1. ]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ (H.-t\m. tehy. 18:22; 20:13; Bh. 23:18)

2. {Ko°v ˛ tdma≥ temI-Øn¬ (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 6:9; 1 Xnsam. 1:10)

3. \ΩpsS Ime-L-´-Ønepw

Dev]Øn 1˛3 s‚ kºq¿Æ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ hoWp-t]mb Pohn-X-Øns‚ HcpZml-c-W-am-bn-´m-Imw

kzh¿§-c-Xnsb ChnsS tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. a\p-jy-h¿§w ssZhnI kzcq-]-Øn¬ krjvSn-°-s∏-´-h-

cmWv (H.-t\m. Dev]. 1:26˛27; 5:1,3; 9:6). a\p-jy≥ BWpw s]Æp-am-bn´v krjvSn-°-s∏´Xv (H.-t\m. Dev]. 1:27),

ssZh-Øns‚ Iev]\ h¿≤n®p s]cp-Ip-hm-\mWv (H.-t\m. Dev]. 1:28; 9:1,7). a\p-jys‚ hogvN (D-ev]. 3)

ssZhnI ]≤-Xn-sbbpw lnX-sØbpw XInSw adn®p. kzh¿§-cXn hy‡-amb ewL-\-am-Wv. F∂n-cp-∂mepw

CXp am{X-a√ Cu kμ¿`-Øn¬ kqNn-∏n-®n-cn-°p∂ GI ]m]w (H.-t\m. hm. 29˛31). kIe ]m]-ßfpw

ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ a\p-jys‚ th¿]m-Sns\ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xpw in£bv°v A¿l-am-b-Xp-am-Wv. kIe

]m]hpw {]tXy-In®v Pohn-X-ssieo ]m]-ßƒ, ssZhw shdp-°p-∂-h-bm-Wv.

{]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: kzh¿§-c-Xnkzh-¿§-c-Xnsb A\p-tbm-Py-amb ]Icw Pohn-X-ssi-en-bmbn AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v B[p-\nI

kwkvIm-cnI kΩ¿±w h¿≤n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. thZ-]p-kvXIw AXns\ \mi-I-c-amb Pohn-X-

ssienbmbpw Xs‚ krjvSn°pth≠n-bp≈ ssZhnI ]Z-[-Xn-tbmSp th¿s]´ ˛ Ip‰w hn[n-°p-∂p.

1. h¿≤n®p s]cp-Ip-hn≥ F∂ Dev]. 1 se Iev]-\sb AXp ewLn-°p-∂p

2. AXns‚ khn-tijX PmXob Bcm-[-\bpw kwkvIm-c-hp-amWv (H.-t\m. tehy. 18:22; 2:13; tdma.

1:26˛27; bqZm 7)

3. ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂-I∂v kzb tI{μo-IrX Ah-ÿsb AXp shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn.

6:9˛10)

60

F¶nepw Cu `mKw hnSp-∂-Xn\v apºv, adp-X-en-°p∂ kIe a\p-jy¿°pw ssZhw \¬Ip∂ ]m]-

£-abpw kvt\lhpw Du∂n-∏-d-bm≥ Rm\m-{K-ln-°p-∂p. Cu {]tXyI ]m]-tØmSv ]Ibpw ]cp-°≥

ańepw CS-s]-Sp-hm≥ {InkvXob hnizm-kn°v Hc-h-Im-i-hp-an-√, {]tXy-In®pw \msa√mw ]m]w sNøp-∂-

h-cm-Wv F∂-Xns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬. ]I-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Ø-en-s\-°mƒ {]m¿∞-\, Icp-X¬, km£o-

I-cWw, klm-\p-`qXn F∂nh Cu taJ-e-bn¬ IqSp-X¬ KpWw sNøpw. \ma-\p-h-Zn-®m¬ ssZh-h-N-

\hpw Ahs‚ Bflmhpw Ip‰w hn[n-®p-sIm-≈pw. CXp am{X-a-√, kIe ssewKnI ]m]-ßfpw ssZh-

Øn\p tæ—-am-Wv. Ah \ymb-hn-[n°p Imc-W-am-Ip-Ibpw sNøpw. a\p-jy-h¿§-Øns‚ t£a-Øn\pw

kt¥m-j-Øn\pw ÿnc-X-bp≈ kaq-l-Øn\pw th≠n ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂p a\p-jy\p e`n® Zm\-amWv

ssewKn-I-X. F∂m¬ Cu i‡hpw ssZh-Z-Ø-hp-amb A`n-emjw ]e-t∏mgpw a’-c-kz-`m-h-ap-≈Xpw

kzb-tI-{μo-Ir-Xhpw kpJm-t\z-jW]chpw "F¥p- hn-e- sIm-SpØpw˛F\n°p˛IqSp-X¬' Pohn-Xhpw Bbn

amdn-t∏mbn (H.-t\m. tdma. 8:1˛8; Kem. 6:7˛8).

tdma¿ 1:28-˛3228ssZhsØ ]cn⁄m\Øn¬ [cn∏m≥ C„an√mØXn∂p X°hÆw ssZhw Ahsc DNnXa√m-

ØXp sNbvhm≥ \nIr„_p≤nbn¬ Gev]n®p. 29Ah¿ kIe A\oXnbpw Zp„Xbpw AXym-

{Klhpw Zp¿_p≤nbpw \nd™h¿; Akqb, sIme, ]nW°w, I]Sw, Zp»oew F∂nh Xnßnbh¿,30Ipcf°m¿, GjWn°m¿, ssZhtZzjnIƒ, \njvTpc∑m¿, K¿ΔnjvT∑m¿, Bfl{]iwk°m¿,

]pXptZmjw k¶ev]n°p∂h¿, amXm]nXm°∑msc A\pkcn°mØh¿, _p≤nlo\¿, 31\nbaew-

LnIƒ, hm’eyan√mØh¿, I\nh‰h¿. 32Cu hI {]h¿Øn°p∂h¿ acWtbmKy¿ F∂p≈

ssZh\ymbw Ah¿ Adn™n´pw Ahsb {]h¿Øn° am{Xa√ {]h¿Øn°p∂hcn¬ {]kmZ°bpw

IqsS sNøp∂p.

1:28˛31 {Ko°n¬ CXv H‰-hm-N-I-am-Wv. a’-cn-Ifpw hogvN kw`-hn-®-hcpw kzX{¥ Nn¥-bp-≈-h-cp-amb a\p-

jy-h¿K-Øns‚ kz`m-h-sØ-bm-WXp Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂Xv (H.-t\m. tdma. 13:13; 1 sImcn. 5:11; 6:9; Kem. 5:19-˛21;

Fs^. 5:5; 1 Xnsam. 1:10; shfn. 21:8).

ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂pw AI-∂p≈ \ne-\n¬∏v Xnc-s™-Sp-Ø-Xm-Wv a\p-jy-h¿K-Øns‚ ]m]w. \cIw B

\ne-\n¬∏ns\ Ft∂-°p-ap≈Xm°n Xo¿Øp. kzmX{¥yw Hcp Zpc-¥-am-Wv. a\p-jy-h¿K-Øn\p ssZhsØ

Bh-iy-ap-≠v. Ahs\ IqSmsX Ah¿ \jvS-s∏-´-hcpw A{]m-]vXcpw km£m-XvImcw Is≠-Øm-Ø-h-cp-am-

Wv. \nXy-\-c-I-Øns‚ G‰hpw tamiw `mKw F∂Xv ssZh-Øns‚ Akm-∂n-[y-am-Wv.

""\nIrjvS _p≤n'' hoWp-t]mb a\p-jy≥ kzmX{¥yw F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv kzb˛Bcm-[\bmWv. ""F¥pw

GXpw F\n-°p-th≠n!'' I¿ΩWn {]tbm-K-Ønse a[y-h¿Øn, 1:24,26,28 ¬ ssZh-am-sW∂p {]kvXm-hn-®n-

cn-°p-∂p-sh-¶nepw Cu kμ¿`-Øn\v Dev]. 1˛3 t\mSp≈ _‘w \nan-Øw, a\p-jy-h¿Kw ⁄m\sØbpw

kzb-sØbpw Xnc-s™-Sp-Ø-XmWv {]iv\-Øn\v ImcWw. Xs‚ krjvSn AXns‚ Xnc-s™-Sp-∏ns‚, AXns‚

kz¥w kzmX-{¥y-Øns‚, Zpc-¥-êw A\p-`-hn-°m≥ ssZhw A\p-h-Zn-®p.

""\nd-™-h¿'' CsXmcp ]q¿Æ-Ime I¿ΩnWn A]q¿Æ-{In-b-bm-Wv. a\p-jy-h¿§w Ah¿ F¥n-em-{i-

bn-t®m AXn-\m¬ \nd-b-s∏-Sp-Ibpw AXns‚ kz`m-h-Øn-em-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. kIe a\p-jy-lr-Z-b-Ønepw

Hcp IdpØ (Zp-jvS-amb sb‰vsk¿) \mbpw Hcp shfpØ (\√ sb‰vsk¿) \mbpw Ds≠∂v d∫n-am¿ ]d-bp-

am-bn-cp-∂p. IqSp-X¬ t]mjWw e`n-°p-∂Xv G‰hpw hep-XmbnØocpw.

1:29˛31 ssZh-sØ-°q-SmsXbp≈ Pohn-X-Øns‚ êhpw e£-W-ß-fp-am-Wn-h. ss__n-fnse ssZhsØ

\nc-kn-°p-∂Xp Xn-c-s™-SpØ hy‡n-I-fp-sSbpw kaq-l-ß-fp-sSbpw kz`mh khn-ti-j-X-I-fm-Wn-h.

]usemkv \¬Ip∂ ]m]-Øns‚ \nc-h[n ]ń-I-I-fn¬ H∂m-WnXv (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 5:11; 6:9; 2 sImcn. 12:20;

Kem. 5:19˛21; Fs^. 4:31; 5:3˛4; sImsem. 3:5˛9).

{]tXyI ]T\ hnjbw: ]pXnb \nb-a-Ønse

Zp¿Kp-W-ßfpw kXvKp-W-ßfpwZp¿Kp-W-ß-fp-sSbpw kXvKp-W-ß-fp-sSbpw ]ń-I-Iƒ ]p.-\n.¬ km[m-c-W-bmbn ImWmw. an°-t∏mgpw

Ah d∫n-am-cp-sSbpw (b-h-\mb) kwkvIm-c-Øn-s‚bpw ]ń-I-Isf {]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. hn]-coX kz`m-

61

h-ß-fpsS ]pXnb \nba ]ń-I-Iƒ Xmsg-s°m-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂ hmIy-ß-fn¬ ImWmw.

Zp¿Kp-W-ßƒ kXvKp-W-ßƒ

1. ]usemkv tdma. 1:28˛32 ........

1 sImcn. 13:13 tdma. 12:9˛21

1 sImcn. 5:9˛11 ........

1 sImcn. 6:10 1 sImcn. 6:6˛9

2 sImcn. 12:20 2 sImcn. 6:4˛10

Kem. 5:19˛21 Kem. 5:22˛23

Fs^. 4:25˛32 ........

Fs^. 5:3˛5 ........

........ ^nen. 4:8˛9

sImsem. 3:5,8 sImsem. 3:12˛14

1 Xnsam. 1:9˛10 ........

1 Xnsam. 6:4˛5 ........

2 Xnsam. 2:22F, 23 2 Xnsam. 2:22_n, 24

XosØm. 1:7; 3:3 XosØm. 1:8˛9; 3:1˛2

2. bmt°m_v bmt°m. 3:15˛16 bmt°m. 4:7˛11

3. ]s{Xmkv 1 ]s{Xm. 4:3 1 ]s{Xm. 4:7˛11

2 ]s{Xm. 1:9 2 ]s{Xm. 1:5˛8

4. tbml∂m≥ shfn. 21:8; 22:15 ........

1:30 ""K¿hn-jvT-∑m¿'' CXv lq∏-do-^m-\qkv (u,perhfanouju,perhfanouju,perhfanouju,perhfanouju,perhfanouj, Xmsg C, #3 ImWp-I) BWv.

{]tXyI ]T\hnjbw: lqs]¿'' kwbp-‡-Øns‚

D]-tbmKw ]usem-kns‚ cN-\-I-fn¬{Ko°v KXn-bmb (preposition) lqs]¿ (u,peru,peru,peru,peru,per) D]-tbm-Kn®v ]pXnb hm°p-Iƒ krjvSn-°p-∂-Xn¬

Hcp {]tXyI B\μw Xs∂ ]usem-kn-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AXns‚ ASn-ÿm\ A¿∞w "apI-fn¬' AYhm

"ta¬' F∂m-Wv. kw_-‘nIm hn`-‡n-s°m∏w D]-tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒ ""AXn\p ]I-c-ambn'' F∂ A¿∞w

hcpw. ""Ipdn®v'' ""kw_-‘n®v'' ˛ s]cn (periperiperiperiperi)F∂-Xn\p kam-\-ambn ˛ F∂o A¿∞-ß-fp-≠v (H.-t\m. 2

sImcn. 8:23; 2 sX . 2:1). {]Xn{KmlnIm hn`-‡n-s°m∏w D]-tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒ "apI-fn¬' "aosX' AYhm

A∏pdw F∂o A¿∞-ßƒ e`n°pw (A.T. Robertson, A Grammar of the Greek New Testament in theLight of Historical Research, pp. 625-633). Hcp Bi-bsØ Dd-∏n-°m≥ ]usemkv B{K-ln-°p-tºmƒ

Ah≥ Hcp kwbp-‡-Øn¬ Cu KXn tN¿Øp-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. kwbp-‡-ß-fn¬ ]usemkv Cu ]Zw

{]tXy-I-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xns‚ ]ńI Xmsg-s°m-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p.

A. A]mIvkv setKm-sa-t\m≥ (legamenonlegamenonlegamenonlegamenonlegamenon, ]p.-\n.¬ Hcn-°¬ am{Xw).

1. lqs]-dm-Ivtam-kv (u,perakmoju,perakmoju,perakmoju,perakmoju,perakmoj), \√ {]mbw Ign-™-bmƒ, 1 sImcn. 7:36

2. lqs]-duIvkm-t\m (u,perauxanwu,perauxanwu,perauxanwu,perauxanwu,perauxanw), AXy-[nIw h¿≤n-∏n-°p-I, 2 sX . 1:3

3. lqs∏¿_m-bn-t\m (u,perbainwu,perbainwu,perbainwu,perbainwu,perbainw), AXn-{I-an-®p- I-S-°p-I, 1 sX . 4:6

4. lqs]¿sI-bn-t\m (u,perkeinwu,perkeinwu,perkeinwu,perkeinwu,perkeinw), A∏pdw 2 sImcn. 10:16

5. lqs]-sd-Ivs‰-bn-t\m (u,perekteinwu,perekteinwu,perekteinwu,perekteinwu,perekteinw), A[nIw \oń-b-Xv, 2 sImcn. 10:14

6. lqs]-sd‚pw-KvJmt\m (u,perentugcanwu,perentugcanwu,perentugcanwu,perentugcanwu,perentugcanw), a[y-ÿX sNøp-I, tdma. 8:26

7. lqs]¿\n-°m-Hm (u,pernikawu,pernikawu,pernikawu,pernikawu,pernikaw), AXy-[nIw hnP-bm-fn-bmb, tdma. 8:37

8. lqs]¿πn-tbm-\m-Uvtkm (u,perpleonzwu,perpleonzwu,perpleonzwu,perpleonzwu,perpleonzw), AXy-[nIw kar-≤n-bm-bn, 1 Xnsam. 1:14

9. lqs]-dp-]vtkm-Hm (u,peruyowu,peruyowu,peruyowu,peruyowu,peruyow), AXyp-∂-Xn-bn-te°v Db¿ØpI, ^nen. 2:9

10. lqs]¿t{^m-s\-Hm (u,perfronewu,perfronewu,perfronewu,perfronewu,perfronew), al-Ømb Nn¥-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cn-°p-I, tdma. 12:3

B. ]usem-kns‚ Fgp-Øp-I-fn¬ am{Xw D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ ]Z-ßƒ

1. lqs]-dm-bvtdm-am-bn (u,perairomaiu,perairomaiu,perairomaiu,perairomaiu,perairomai), Hcp-hs\ Db¿Øp-I, 2 sImcn. 12:7; 2 sX . 2:4

2. lqs]¿_-t√m-t‚m-kv (u,perballontwju,perballontwju,perballontwju,perballontwju,perballontwj), Af-°m-\m-hm-Ø-Xv, AXy-[n-I-am-bn, 2 sImcn.

62

11:23 ({In-bm-hn-ti-jWw ChnsS am{Xw, F∂m¬ {Inb 2 sImcn. 3:10; 9:14; Fs^. 1:19; 2:7;

3:19 ¬ ImWmw.

3. lqs]¿t_m-en (u,perbolhu,perbolhu,perbolhu,perbolhu,perbolh), tXmcmØ Asº-bvØv, Akm-[m-cW Bbp-[-[m-c-Ww, tdma.

7:13; 1 sImcn. 12:31; 2 sImcn. 1:8; 4:7,17; 22:7; Kem. 1:13

4. lqs]-sd-Ivs]-cn- q (u,perekperissouu,perekperissouu,perekperissouu,perekperissouu,perekperissou), F√m Af-hn-\p-a-∏p-dw, Fs^. 3:20; 1 sX . 3:10;

5:13

5. lqs]¿en-bm≥ (u,perlianu,perlianu,perlianu,perlianu,perlian), D∂-X-amb Af-hn¬ AYhm ]c-tam-∂-X-am-b, 2 sImcn. 11:5;

12:11

6. lqs]-tdm-Jn (u,perrochu,perrochu,perrochu,perrochu,perroch), {]Y-a-K-W-\o-bw, AXn-t{i-jvT-X, 1 sImcn. 2:1; 1 Xnsam. 2:2

7. lqs]¿s]-cn-s -bp-Hm (u,perpersseuwu,perpersseuwu,perpersseuwu,perpersseuwu,perpersseuw), AXy-¥-h¿≤-\, tdma. 5:20 (a-[y-{]-tbm-Kw, kar-

≤n-bmb \nd-hv, Ihn-s™m-gp-Ip∂ Ah-ÿ, 2 sImcn. 7:4)

C. ]usemkv D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≈-hbpw CXc ]p.-\n. Fgp-Øp-Im¿ A]q¿Δ-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≈-

hbpw

1. lqs]-dm-t\m (u,peranwu,peranwu,peranwu,peranwu,peranw), AXy[nIw D∂-Xw, Fs^. 1:21; 4:10; F{_m. 9:5

2. lqs]-sd-tJm (u,perecwu,perecwu,perecwu,perecwu,perecw), anI-hm¿∂ k¿tΔm-XvIr-jvS-am-b, tdma. 13:1; ^nen. 2:3; 3:8; 4:7; 1

]s{Xm. 2:13

3. lqs]-do-^m-t\m-kv (u,perhhanoju,perhhanoju,perhhanoju,perhhanoju,perhhanoj), K¿hn-jvS-amb AYhm [n°m-c-]-c-amb, tdma. 1:30; 2 Xnsam.

3:2; eqs°m. 1:51; bmt°m. 4:6; 1 ]s{Xm. 5:5

henb XojvW-X-bp≈ a\p-jy-\m-bn-cp∂p ]usemkv; Ahs\ kw_‘n®v hkvXp-°fpw Bfp-

Ifpw \√-Xm-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ Ah¿ hfsc \√-hcpw Ah¿ tami-am-bn-cn-°p-tºm-ƒ hfsc tami-hp-am-bn-

cn-°pw. Cu KXn (preposition) ]m]-sØbpw kzb-sØbpw {InkvXp-hn-s\bpw kphn-ti-j-sØbpw

kw_-‘n® Ahs‚ Db¿∂ hnIm-c-ßsf shfn-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ahs\ klm-bn-®p.

1:32 ""Cu hI {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-h≥ ac-W-tbm-Ky≥'' Cu {]kvXm-h\ tamsi-bpsS \ymb-{]-am-WsØ

{]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p-∂p. tdma. 6:16,21,23; 8:6,13 ¬ AXp kw{K-ln-®n-cn-°p-∂p. acWw ssZhnI lnX-Øn\pw

ssZhnI Poh\pw FXn-cm-bn-´p-≈-XmWv (H.-t\m. sbsl. 18:32; 1 Xnsam. 2:4; 2 ]s{Xm. 3:9).

""{]h¿Øn-°p-∂-h-cn¬ {]km-Zn-°p-Ibpw IqsS sNøp∂p'' ZpcnXw Iq´v CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂p. hoWp-t]mb

a\p-jy-h¿Kw a‰p-≈-h-cpsS ]m]-ß-sf, ""F√m-hcpw AXp sNøp∂p'' F∂ Hgn-I-gn-hmbn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

kwkvIm-c-ßƒ°v AXns‚ am{Xw khn-ti-j-X-bmb ]m]-ßƒ D≠v.

N¿®-bv°p≈ tNmZy-ßƒ




hymJym-Xm-hns\bpw `c-taev]n-°-cp-Xv.

N¿®bv°p≈ tNmZyßƒ e`yam°nbncn°p∂Xv {KŸØnse Cu mKØp≈ {][m\s∏´ hnjbßsf

∏‰n Nn¥n°p∂Xn\v \nßsf klmbn∏m\mWv. Ch sIm≠pt±in°p∂Xv IrXy-X-bp-≈-h-cm-bncn°phm\√

]ns∂tbm Nn¥sb DtØPn∏n°pI F∂-Xm-Wv.

1. ]usemkv tdmam-k-`bv°v Fgp-Xn-bXv F¥p-sIm-≠mWv ?

2. F¥p-sIm≠mWv tdmam-te-J\w {InkvXym-\n-Xz-Øns‚ kp{]-[m-\-amb ssZh-imkv{X {]kvXm-h-\-

bm-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv?

3. 1:18˛3:20 \v \nß-fpsS hm°p-I-fn¬ cq]-tcJ D≠m-°p-I.

4. kphn-tijw Hcn-°epw tI´n- n-√m-Ø-hsc {InkvXp-hn¬ hniz-kn-°mØ Imc-W-Øm¬ X≈n-°-f-bptam?

5. ""{]Ir-Xn-bnse shfn-∏mSpw'' ""{]tXyI shfn-∏mSpw'' XΩn-ep≈ hyXymkw hnh-cn-°p-I.

6. ssZhsØ IqSm-sX-bp≈ a\p-jy-Po-hnXw hnh-cn-°p-I.

7. hm. 24˛27 kzh¿§cXn F∂ hnj-b-sØ-°p-dn-®p-≈-XmtWm?

63

ssZh-Øns‚ \oXn \oXn-]q¿Δ-amb sblq-Z≥ \ymb ssZhnI \ymbhn[n ssZh-Øns‚ {]Xn

]q¿Δ-amb \ymb ssZhnI \ymb hn[n°p Iogn¬ Imc-Øn¬ \n∂v

hn[n hn[n sblq-Z\v Hgn-hn√

2:1˛16 2:1˛16 2:1˛11 2:1˛16 2:1˛11

sblq-Z\pw PmXnIsf-t∏mse \ymb-hn-[n-bpsS sblq-Z\pw \ymb-{]-am-Ww

\ymb-{]-am-Whpw sblqZ\pw ASn-ÿm\w \ymb-{]-am-Whpw Ahsc c£n°

Ip‰-°m¿ (2:17-˛3:8) bn√

2:12˛16 2:12˛16

2:17-˛3:8 2:17-˛24 2:17-˛24 2:17-˛24 2:17-˛24

- ]cn-t—-Z\ ]cn-t—-Z\ Ahsc\njv{]-tbm-P\w c£n-°-bn√

2:25-˛29 2:25-˛29 2:25-˛29 2:25-˛29

tdma¿ 2B[p-\nI ]cn-`m-j-I-fpsS JWvUnI hn`-P\w















4. BZnbmbh

tdma¿ 2:1˛30:20 s‚ ]›m-Øe Dƒ°m-gvN-IƒA. 2,3 A[ym-b-ßƒ 1:18 ¬ Bcw-`n® kmlnXy LSIØns‚ ]q¿Øo-I-cWamWv. Cu `mKw {]Xn-]m-Zn-

°p-∂-Xv

1. kIe a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw \jvSm-hÿ

2. ]m]-Øn-t∑-ep≈ ssZhnI \ymb-hn[n

3. hy‡n-]-c-amb hnizm-khpw am\-km-¥-chpw apJm-¥cw {InkvXp-hn-eq-sS-bp≈ ssZhn-I-\oXn a\p-

jy≥ {]m]n-t°-≠-Xns‚ Bh-iy-I-X

B. A[ymbw 2 ¬ ssZhnI \ymb-hn[n kw_-‘n®v Ggp {]am-W-ßƒ ImWmw

1. hm. 2, kXyw A\p-k-cn®v

2. hm. 5, s]cp-Ip∂ Ip‰w

3. hm. 6,7, {]hrØn A\p-k-cn®v

4. hm. 11, apJ-]£w t\m°p-∂n-√

64

5. hm. 13, Pohn-X-ssien

6. hm. 16, a\p-jy-lr-Z-b-Øns‚ cl-ky-ßƒ

7. hm. 17˛29, {]tXyI PmXob kaq-l-ßƒ C√

C. 2:1˛17 ¬ Bsc-bmWv kwt_m[\ sNøp-∂Xv F∂-Xn-s\-s®m√n hymJym-Xm-°-fpsS CS-bn¬ hf-sc-b-

[nIw N¿®-Iƒ \S-°p-∂p-≠v. 2:12˛29 sblq-Z-s\-°p-dn-®m-sW∂p hy‡-am-Wv. hm. 1˛17\v c≠v e£y-

ß-fp≠v: sks\-°-sb-t∏m-s-ebp≈ [m¿ΩnI PmXn-I-tfmSpw (km-aq-lnI \nb-a-ßƒ) sblqZ PmXn-

tbmSpw (tam-ssiI \ymb-{]-am-Ww) kwkm-cn-°p-∂p.

D. 1:18˛21 ¬, krjvSn-bn-eqsS a\p-jy\v ssZhsØ Adn-bm≥ Ign-bp-sa∂p ]usemkv {]kvXm-hn-°p-∂p.

2:14˛15¬ kIe a\p-jy¿°pw ssZh-Z-Ø-amb Hcp B¥-cnI [m¿ΩnI a\- m£n Ds≠∂pw ]usemkv

{]kvXm-hn-°p-∂p. Cu c≠p km£n-Iƒ, krjvSnbpw a\- m-£nbpw BWv kIe a\p-jyscbpw

\ymbw-hn-[n-°m-\p≈ ssZhnI ASn-ÿm-\w. ]g-b-\n-b-ahpw kphn-tij ktμ-ihpw Adn-bmØhcpw

CXn\p Iogn¬ hcpw. a\p-jy¿ Xßƒ°p e`n® {]Im-i-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®p Pohn-°m-Xn-cp-∂m¬ Ah¿

AXn\v DØ-c-hm-Zn-I-fm-bn-cn-°pw.

tdma¿ 2:1˛111AXpsIm≠p hn[n°p∂ GXp a\pjy\pambpt≈mth, \n\°p {]XnhmZw ]dhm≥ C√;

A\ys\ hn[n°p∂Xn¬ \o \ns∂Øs∂ Ip‰w hn[n°p∂p; hn[n°p∂ \o AXpXt∂

{]h¿Øn°p∂pht√m. 2F∂m¬ B hI {]h¿Øn°p∂hcpsS t\sc ssZhØns‚ hn[n

kXym\pkcWambncn°p∂p F∂p \mw Adnbp∂p. 3BhI {]h¿Øn°p∂hsc hn[n°bpw

AXp Xt∂ {]h¿Øn°bpw sNøp∂ a\pjym, \o ssZhØns‚ hn[nbn¬\n∂p sX‰n Hgnbpw

F∂p \ns\°p∂pthm? 4A√, ssZhØns‚ Zb \ns∂ am\km¥cØnte°p \SØp∂p F∂p

AdnbmsX \o Ahs‚ Zb, £a, Zo¿L£m¥n F∂nhbpsS sFizcyw \nckn°p∂pthm?5F∂m¬ \ns‚ ImTn\yØmepw A\pXm]an√mØ lrZbØmepw \o ssZhØns‚ \oXnbp≈

hn[n shfns∏Sp∂ tIm]ZnhktØ°p \n\°p Xt∂ tIm]w NcXn®psh°p∂p. 6Ah≥

HmtcmcpØ∂p Ah\hs‚ {]hrØn°p X° ]Icw sNøpw. 7\√ {]hrØn°p th≠p∂ ÿncX

]q≠p tXP pw am\hpw A£bXbpw At\zjn°p∂h¿°p \nXyPoh\pw, 8imTyw ]q≠p kXyw

A\pkcn°msX A\oXn A\pkcn°p∂h¿°p tIm]hpw t{Im[hpw sImSp°pw. 9Xn∑

{]h¿Øn°p∂ GXp a\pjymflmhn∂pw I„hpw k¶Shpw BZyw sblqZ∂pw ]ns∂ bh\∂pw

hcpw. 10\∑ {]h¿Øn°p∂ Gh∂pw alXzhpw am\hpw kam[m\hpw BZyw sblqZ∂pw ]ns∂

bh\∂pw e`n°pw. 11ssZhØns‚ ]°¬ apJ]£w C√t√m.

2:1

NASB ""hn[n-°p∂ Gh-\p-am-bp-t≈mth \n\°p {]Xn-hmZw ]d-hm≥ C√''

NKJV ""hn[n-°p∂ \o Bcm-bmepw tl a\pjym, \n\°v Hgn-I-gn-hn√''

NRSV ""a‰p-≈-hsc hn[n-°p∂ \o Bcm-bmepw \n\°p {]Xn-hmZw ]d-hm≥ C√''

TEV ""\o Bcm-bmepw \n\°v Hcp Hgn-I-gn-hp-an-√. F∂n´pw \o a‰p-≈-hsc hn[n-°p∂p''

NJB ""AXp-sIm≠v \o Bcm-bn-cp-∂mepw \o hn[n-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ \n\°v Hcp Hgn-I-gn-hp-an√''

CXv B£-cn-I-ambn ""\nb-a-]-c-amb {]Xn-tcm[w C√'' F∂mWv (H.-t\m. 1:20). AXns‚ {]m[m\yw

FSp-Øp-Im-Wn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn AXv {Ko°p-hm-N-I-Øn¬ BZyw tN¿Øn-cn-°p∂p. hm. 1˛16 kzb-\o-Xn-°m-

cmb sblqZ aX-hm-Zn-I-tfmSpw {Ko°p [m¿ΩnI hmZn-I-tfmSpw _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂p tXm∂p∂p. a‰p-

≈-hsc hn[n-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS Ah¿ Xß-sf-Øs∂ Ip‰w-hn-[n-°p-∂p.

CtX {]tbmKw Xs∂ 1:20 ¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p, F¶nepw k¿Δ-\maw ""Ah¿'' F∂mWv; ChnsS

""\o'' BWv. ]usemkv hyXykvX {Kq∏p-I-fn-ep≈ ]m]n-Isf/a’-cn-I-sf-bmWv A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNøp-

∂-sX∂p hy‡w. AXn-semcp {Kq∏n¬ Ah-s\m-cn-°¬ Xo£vW-X-bp≈ AwK-am-bn-cp-∂p. c≠p {]iv\-ß-

fm-Wp-≈-Xv.

1. ssZhnI \ymbsØ \nc-kn-°bpw hf-s®m-Sn-°bpw sNøp-∂p.

2. AXns\ Hcp Iq´w \nb-am-h-en-I-fm°n am‰p-Ibpw a‰p-≈-hsc hn[n-°p-∂hcpw kzb-\o-Xn-°mcpw Bbn

amdp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

A[ymbw 1 se ""Ah¿'', 2:1˛8 ¬ ""\o'' Bbn amdp-∂Xpw {i≤n-°p-I. sblq-Z-∑m-cn¬ \n∂pw {Ko°p-Im-

cn¬ \n∂pw AXv 2:9˛11 ¬ ""GXp a\p-jym-flm-hn\pw'' F∂ \ne-bn¬ km¿Δ-eu-In-I-am-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. hyXykvX

kaq-l-ßƒ Ds≠-¶nepw (ct≠m aqt∂m kaq-l-ßƒ) Ah-km\w AsXmcp hyXym-khpw hcp-Øp-∂n-√.

F√m-hcpw \ymb-hn-[n-bn≥ Iogn-emWv (H.-t\m. 3:23).

65

2:2 ""ssZh-Øns‚ hn[n'' Cu kXyw kw_-‘n®v ss__nƒ hfsc hy‡-am-Wv. kIe a\p-jycpw Poh≥

F∂ Zm\-Øn\v ssZh-tØmSp IW°p t_m[n-∏n-t°-≠-XmWv (H.-t\m. hm. 5˛9; aØm. 25:31-˛46; shfn. 20:11-

˛15). {InkvXob hnizm-kn-Iƒ t]mepw {InkvXp-hns‚ apºn¬ \ne-\n¬t°-≠-XmWv (H.-t\m. 14:10˛12; 2

sImcn. 5:10).

""\mw Adn-bp∂p'' Cu k¿Δ-\maw klsb-lq-Z-∑m-sc-bmImw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv; F¶nepw {InkvXob

hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw AXp kqNn-∏n-°p-hm≥ km[y-X-bp-≠v. hm. 2˛4 ¬ ]usemkv Ubm-ss{S_v F∂p hnfn-

°p∂ km[m-cW sSIv\nIv Bb tNmZyhpw DØ-chpw F∂ coXn-bn-te°p aS-ßn-h-cp∂p (A-Xm. hm.

1˛11,17˛29).

Hcp km¶-ev]nI hy‡n-°p apºn¬ kXyw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ coXn-bm-W-Xv. l_-°q-°v, aem-Jn, d∫n-

am¿ F∂n-h-cpw {Ko°v XXz-⁄m-\n-Ifpw (tkm-{I-´o-kv, tÃmbn-°p-Iƒ XpS-ßn-b-h¿) Cu coXn D]-tbm-Kn-

®n- p-≠v.

""\mw Adn-bp∂p'' F∂ {]tbmKw tdma-dn¬ At\I {]mhiyw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p≠v (H.-t\m. 2:2; 3:19; 7:14;

8:22,28). A[ymbw 1 se Akm-∑m¿§nI PmXn-I-fn¬ \n∂p hyXy-kvX-ambn Xs‚ tIgvhn°m¿°v ⁄m\-

Øns‚ Ipsd Afhv e`n-®n-´p-s≠∂v ]usemkv A\p-am-\n-°p-∂p.

2:3 ]usem-kns‚ tNmZy-Øns‚ hymI-c-W-cq]w ""C√'' F∂ DØcw {]Xo-£n-°p-∂p.

""a\pjym'' CXv hm. 1 se AtX ssien-tbmSp tbmPn-°p-∂p. 9:20 ¬ AXv sblq-Z-∑msc kqNn-∏n-°p-

∂p.

""\o \n\bv°p-∂pthm'' CXv {Ko°p {Inb Bb temKn-Uvtkm-ambn -(logizomailogizomailogizomailogizomailogizomai) BWv. ]usemkv

IqsS-°qsS CXp-]tbmKn-°p∂p (tdm-a. 2:3,26; 3:28; 4:3,4,5,6,8,9,10,11,22,23,24; 6:11; 8:18,36; 9:8; 14:14; Kem. 3:6; 1,2

sImcn-¥y-cn¬ 10 {]mhiyw; ^nen-∏nb teJ-\-Øn¬ 2 {]mh-iyw). 4:3 sebpw 8:18 sebpw Ipdn∏p ImWpI.

2:4 {Ko°n¬ CXpw Hcp tNmZy-am-Wv.

""\ns∂ am\-km-¥-c-Øn-te°p \S-Øp∂p'' ssZh-hp-ambn hnizm-k˛DS-ºSn _‘-Øn\v am\-km-¥cw

\n¿Æm-bI LS-I-amWv (H.-t\m. aØm. 3:2; 4:17; a¿s°m. 1:15; 6:12; eqs°m. 13:3,5; {]hr. 2:38; 3:16,19; 20:21).

F{_mb ]Z-Øn-\¿∞w {]hrØn-I-fpsS am‰w F∂pw {Ko°n¬ a\-kns‚ am‰w F∂pam-Wv. Hcp-hs‚

kzb-˛-tI-{μo-Ir-X-amb BkvXn-Iy-Øn¬ \n∂pw ssZh-Øm¬ Adn-b-s∏-´Xpw \nb-{¥n-°-s∏-´-Xp-amb Pohn-

X-Øn-te°p amdp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Hcp-°-amWv am\--km-¥-cw. kzb-Øns‚ ap≥K-W-\-bn¬ \n∂pw _‘-\-Øn¬

\n∂p-ap≈ am‰w AXm-h-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p. ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-ambn AsXmcp ]pXnb at\m-`m-hhpw ]pXnb temI-ho-

£-Whpw ]pXnb bP-am-\\pw BWv. Xs‚ kzcq-]-Øn¬ krjvSn-°-s∏´ BZm-ans‚ hogvN kw`-hn®

Hmtcm ss]Xepw am\-km-¥-c-s∏-S-W-sa-∂Xv ssZh-Øns‚ CjvSamWv (H.-t\m. sbsl. 18:21,23,32; 2 ]s{Xm.

3:9).

am\-km-¥-c-Øn-te-°p≈ hyXykvX {Ko°p ]Z-ßƒ G‰hpw \∂mbn {]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p∂ ]pXnb \nba

thZ-`mKw 2 sImcn. 7:8˛11 BWv.

1. eps]-tbm (lupewlupewlupewlupewlupew), ""ZpxJw'' hm. 8 (2 {]mh-iyw), hm. 9 (3 {]mhiyw), hm. 10 (2 {]mh-iyw), hm.11

2. sa‰m-sa-temambn (metamelomaimetamelomaimetamelomaimetamelomaimetamelomai), ""A\p-Xm]w'' hm. 8 (2 {]mh-iyw)

3. sa‰m-t\m-bn-b (metanoiametanoiametanoiametanoiametanoia), ""am\-km-¥cw'' hm. 9,10

bYm¿∞ am\-km-¥-c-Øn\v (sa-‰m-t\m-sbHm˛metanoewmetanoewmetanoewmetanoewmetanoew) FXn-cmb hymP-am-\-km-¥cw (sa-‰m-sa-tem-am-

bn˛metamelomaimetamelomaimetamelomaimetamelomaimetamelomai) H.-t\m. bqZm, aØm. 27:3 & Gim-hv, F{_m. 12:16˛17.

icn-bmb am\-km-¥cw ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-ambn Xmsg-∏-d-bp-∂-h-tbmSp _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p.

1. ]pXnb DS-º-Sn-bpsS hyh-ÿ-Iƒ kw_-‘n-®p≈ tbip-hns‚ {]kwKw (H.-t\m. aØm. 4:17; a¿s°m.

1:15; eqs°m. 13:3,5).

2. {]hr-Øn-bnse As∏m-kvXenI {]kw-K-ßƒ (sI-dn-‹m, {]hr, 3:16,19; 20:21)

3. ssZh-Øns‚ ]c-am-[n-Imc Zm\w (H.-t\m. {]hr. 5:31; 11:18; 2 Xnsam. 2:25)

4. \miw (H.-t\m. 2 ]s{Xm. 3:9)

am\-km-¥cw F∂Xv thW-sa-¶n¬ Xnc-s™-Sp-t°≠ H∂-√.

{]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: am\-km-¥cwam\-km-¥cw (hn-izm-k-tØm-sSm-∏w) F∂Xv ]gb \nb-a-Øn-sebpw (\mJmw, BDB 636, DZm. 13:12;

32:12,14; jphv, BDB 996, DZm. 1 cmPm. 8:47; sbsl. 14:6; 18:30) ]pXnb \nb-a-Øn-sebpw DS-ºSn hyh-ÿ-

bm-bn-cp-∂p.

1. tbml-∂m≥ kv\m]-I≥ (a-Øm. 3:2; a¿s°m. 1:4; eqs°m. 3:3,8)

66

2. tbip (a-Øm. 4:17; a¿s°m. 1:15; eqs°m. 5:32; 13:3,5; 15:7; 17:3)

3. ]s{Xmkv ({]-hr. 2:38; 3:19; 8:22; 11:18; 2 ]s{Xm. 3:19)

4. ]usemkv ({]-hr. 13:24; 17:30; 20:21; 26:20; tdma. 2:4; 2 sImcn. 2:9˛10)

F∂m¬ F¥mWv am\-km-¥cw? AXp ZpxJ-amtWm? ]m]w \n¿Øp-∂-XmtWm AXv? Cu Bi-b-

Øns‚ hyXykvX A¿∞-ßƒ a\-kn-em-°m≥ klm-bn-°p∂ ]pXnb \nb-a-Ønse anI® thZ-`mKw 2

sImcn. 7:8˛11 BWv; AhnsS ]c-kv]c _‘-ap-≈Xpw F∂m¬ hyXy-kvX-hp-amb aq∂p {Ko°p ]Z-ßƒ

D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

1. ""ZpxJw'' (ep]o˛luphluphluphluphluph H.-t\m.- hm. 8 [c≠p {]mh-iyw], hm. 9 [3 {]mh-iyw], hm. 10 [2 {]mh-iyw],hm. 11). AXn-\¿∞w -ZpxJw As√-¶n¬ hnjaw; AXn\v ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-ambn {]tXyI A¿∞-

an-√.

2. ""am\-km-¥cw'' (sa‰m-t\m-sbHm˛metanoewmetanoewmetanoewmetanoewmetanoew, H.-t\m.- hm. 9,10. ""tijw,'' ""a\ v'' F∂o ]Z-ß-

fpsS kwbp-‡-am-W-Xv. AXp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv, Hcp ]pXnb a\- v, Hcp ]pXnb Nn¥m-co-Xn,

Pohn-X-tØmSpw ssZh-tØm-Sp-ap≈ Hcp ]pXnb at\m-`mhw F∂n-h-sb-bm-Wv. CXv icn-bmb

am\-km-¥-c-am-Wv.

3. ""A\p-Xm]w'' (sa‰m-sa-tem-ambn˛metamelomaimetamelomaimetamelomaimetamelomaimetamelomai, H.-t\m.- hm. 8 [2 {]mh-iyw], hm. 10). ""tijw,''

""Icp-X¬'' F∂o ]Z-ß-fpsS kwbp-‡w. aØm. 27:3 ¬ bqZm-sb-°p-dn®pw F{_m. 12:16-˛17 ¬

Gim-hn-s\-°p-dn®pw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. {]hr-Øn-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ ZpxJ-a√ CXv, adn®v A\-¥-

c-^-e-sØ-s®m-√n-bp≈ ZpxJ-am-Wv.

am\-km-¥-chpw hnizm-khpw DS-º-Sn-bpsS hyh-ÿ-bmb {]hr-Øn-I-fmWv (H.-t\m. a¿s°m. 1:15;

{]hr. 2:38,41; 3:16,19; 20:21). ssZhw am\-km¥cw \¬Ip∂p F∂p kqNn-∏n-°p∂ Nne thZ-`m-K-ßƒ

D≠v (H.-t\m. {]hr. 5:31; 11:18; 2 Xnsam. 2:25). F∂m¬ an° -th-Z-`m-K-ßfpw CXns\ ImWp-∂Xv ssZh-

Øns‚ kuP\y c£m-Zm-\-tØmSp a\p-jy≥ ImWn-t°≠ A\n-hm-cyamb DS-ºSn {]Xn-I-c-W-am-bn-

´mWv.

am\-km-¥-c-Øns‚ ]q¿Æ A¿∞w {Kln-°p-hm≥ F{_mb, {Ko°p ]Z-ß-fpsS \n¿h-N\w Bh-

iy-am-Wv. F{_mb ]Zw Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂Xv ""{]hr-Øn-bpsS am‰w'' BsW-¶n¬ {Ko°v ]Zw Bh-iy-s∏-

Sp-∂Xv ""a\- ns‚ am‰w' BWv. c£n-°-s∏´ hy‡n°v Hcp ]pXnb a\ pw lrZbhpw e`n-°p-∂p.

Ah≥ hyXy-kvX-ambn Nn¥n-°p-Ibpw hyXy-kvX-ambn Pohn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ""AXn¬ F\n-s°¥p

In´pw?'' F∂-Xn\p ]Icw ""ssZh-lnXw F¥mWv'' F∂p tNmZyw amdp-∂p. am\-km-¥cw F∂Xv aßn-

t∏m-Ip∂ Hcp hnIm-ctam As√-¶n¬ kºq¿Æ ]m]-c-ln-Xm-h-ÿtbm A√, adn®v hnizm-knsb {Iam-

\p-K-X-ambn Hcp hnip-≤-\m°n cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ign-bp∂ ]cn-ip-≤-\m-b-h-\p-am-bp≈ ]pXnb _‘-

am-Wv.

""Ahs‚ Zb, £a, Zo¿L-i‡n F∂n-h-bpsS sFiz-cyw'' a\p-jy¿ an°-t∏mgpw ssZh-Øns‚ Ir],

IcpW, £a F∂n-hsb sX‰n-≤-cn-°p-Ibpw Ahsb am\-km-¥-c-Øn-\p≈ Ah-k-c-am-bn -Im-WmsX ]m]w

sNøp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Hgn-I-gn-hm-°n-Øo¿°bpw sNøp∂p (H.-t\m. 2 ]s{Xm. 3:9).

]usemkv an°-t∏mgpw ssZh-Øns‚ kXvKp-W-ßsf ""AXns‚ [\w'' F∂p hni-Zo-I-cn-°m-dp≠v (H.-

t\m. 9:23; 11:33; sImsem. 1:27; Fs^. 1:7,18; 2:4,7; 3:8,16; ^nen. 4:19).

""£a'' F∂ \macq]w ]p.-\n.-¬ c≠p {]mhiyw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≠v. c≠pw Cu kmln-Xy-L-SIØn¬

]usemkv BWv D-]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≈-Xv (1:18˛3:31). Chn-sSbpw 3:25 epw (""s]mdpa''). c≠pw ]m]n-I-tfm-Sp≈

ssZh-Øns‚ £a-sb-bmWv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

NASB ""\n m-c-ambn Nn¥n-°p-∂pthm''

NKJV, NRSV,TEV, REB ""\nμn-°p-∂pthm''

NJB ""Ah-K-Wn-°p-∂pthm''

NIV ""\nμ ImWn-°p-∂pthm''

NET ""\nμ D≈-h-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂pthm''

Cw•ojv ]cn-`m-j-Iƒ Xmc-X-ay-s∏-Sp-Øn-bm¬ hymJym-Xm-°ƒ°v {Inb-bpsS KqVm¿∞-sØ-°p-dn®v

hy‡-am-bn-´p-s≠∂p a\-kn-em-°mw. a\-∏q¿Δw \nc-kn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ i‡-amb ]Z-am-Wn-Xv. AXns‚ D]-

tbmKw ImWp-I.

1. tbip-hns‚ hm°p-Iƒ, aØm. 6:24; 18:10

2. ]usemkv, 1 sImcn. 11:22; 1 Xnsam. 4:12; 6:2

67

3. F{_mb teJ\w (tb-ip-hn-s\-°p-dn-®v), 12:2

4. ]s{Xmkv, 2 ]s{Xm. 2:10

5. {]hr. 13:41 se \ma-cq]w

2:5˛9 Cu hmIy-ßƒ (1) hoWp-t]mb a\p-jy-h¿§-Øns‚ imTyw, (2) ssZh-Øns‚ tIm]hpw \ymb-hn-

[nbpw F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn®v hnh-cn-°p-∂p.

2:5 ""ImTn\yw'' \ma-cq]w ]pXnb \nb-a-Øn¬ ChnsS am{Xta ImWp∂p≈q. bn{km-tb-en-s\-°p-dn®v CtX

coXn-bn¬ ]pd. 32:9; 33:3,5; 34:9; Bh. 9:6,13,27 F∂o `mK-ßfn¬ ]d-™n-´p-≠v. (F-{_m. 3:8,15; 4:7 ImWp-

I).

""lrZbw'' 1:24 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWp-I.

""tIm]-Zn-hkw'' ]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ CXns\ ""btlm-h-bpsS \mƒ'' (H.-t\m. tbmth¬, Btam-kv) F∂p

hnfn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. CXv \ymb-hn[n Znhkw As√-¶n¬ hnizm-kn-Isf kw_-‘n®v ]p\-cp-∞m\ Znhkw F∂

Bi-b-am-Wv. a\p-jy-h¿Kw X\n°p Zm\-ambn e`n® Pohn-X-Øn\p ssZh-tØmSp IW-°p -t_m-[n-∏n-t°Ww

(H.-t\m. aØm. 25:31˛46; shfn. 20:11-˛15).

]m]n-Iƒ kzbw (""\o'', ""\n\°p Xt∂'') tIm]w kw{K-ln®p shbv°p-I-bm-sW∂ Imcyw {i≤n-°p-

I. Nne kμ¿`-ß-fn¬, Cu kw{K-ln-°-s∏´ tIm]w shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm\pw AXns‚ ]q¿Øo-I-cWØnse-

Øp-hm\pw ssZhw A\p-h-Zn-°p∂p F∂pam{Xw.

ssZhsØ hnh-cn-°m-\p-]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ kIe am\p-jnI hm°p-I-fpw-t]mse tIm]hpw ssZh-Øn\p

Be-¶m-cn-I-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂XmWv (a-\p-jy-cq-]m-tcm-]-W-]-c-am-bn, 1:18 se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw

ImWp-I). ssZhw \nXy\pw hnip-≤\pw Bflmhpw BWv. a\p-jy≥ ]cn-an-Xn-bp-≈-h\pw ]m]nbpw ico-c-ap-

≈-h-\p-am-Wv. \ap°p tIm]w Pzen-®m-se-∂-t]mse ssZhw sshIm-cn-I-ambn tIm]n-°p-∂n-√. ss__nƒ

Ahs\ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv ]m]n-Isf kvt\ln-°p-∂-h\pw Ah¿ am\-km-¥-c-s∏-Sm≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂-h\pw

F∂ \ne-bn-em-Wv. F¶nepw a\p-jys‚ a’-c-tØmSv ÿnc-amb FXn¿∏v Ah-\n¬ ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂p. ssZhw

Bf-Xz-ap-≈-h-\m-Wv. Ah≥ ]m]sØ hy‡-]-c-ambn ImWp-∂p, \mw \ΩpsS ]m]-ßƒ°v hy‡n-]-c-ambn

DØ-c-hm-Zn-I-fm-Wv.

ssZh-tIm-]-sØ-°p-dn®v Hcp Nn¥-Iq-Sn. ss__n-fn¬ AXv ka-bØnepw (Im-en-Iw, H.-t\m. 1:24,26,28)

ka-b-Øns‚ A¥y-Ønepw (A-¥y-Imekw_-‘n-bmb, H.-t\m. 2:5˛8) \S-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. bn{km-tb¬ P\w

\ymbw-hn-[n-°-s∏-SmsX Ah-cpsS `mhn A\p-{K-ln-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n h¿Ø-am-\-Im-e-Øn¬ am\-km-¥-

c-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\mbn {]hm-N-I-∑m¿ bn{km-tb-en\p ap∂-dn-bn∏p \¬Inb Hcp am¿K-ambncp∂p btlm-h-bpsS

\mƒ (\ym-b-hn[n Znh-kw, H.-t\m. Bh. 27˛28). ].-\n. {]hm-N-I-∑m¿ an°-t∏mgpw Ah-cpsS Ime-L´-Ønse

Hcp {]Xn-k‘n FSpØv AXns\ A¥y-Ime `mhn-bn-te°v hnc¬ Nq-≠m-\p-]-tbm-Kn-®p.

2:6 k¶o. 62:12 (H.-t\m. aØm. 16:27) ¬ \n∂p≈ D≤-cWn BWn-Xv. a\p-jy¿ kz¥-{]-hr-Øn-Iƒ°v DØ-c-

hm-Zn-Ifpw ssZh-tØmSp IW-°p- t_m-[n-∏n-t°-≠-h-cp-am-sW-∂p-≈Xv (H.-t\m. Ctøm. 34:11; kZr. 24:12;

k`m. 12:14; bnsc. 17:10; 32:19; aØm. 16:27; 25:31˛46; tdma. 2:6; 14:12; 1 sImcn. 3:8; Kem. 6:7-˛10; 2 Xnsam. 4:14; 1

]s{Xm. 1:17; shfn. 2:23; 20:12; 22:12). F∂p-≈Xv km¿Δ-eu-In-I-amb XXz-amWv (2:1 se Ipdn-∏v, c≠mw

JfinI ImWp-I). hnizm-kn-Ifpw Xß-fpsS Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn®pw {InkvXp-hn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ ip{iq-j-sb-

°p-dn®pw IW°p t_m[n-∏n-t°-≠-XmWv (H.-t\m. 2 sImcn. 5:10) hnizm-kn-Iƒ c£n-°-s∏-´Xv {]hr-Øn-I-

fm¬ A√ adn®v {]hr-Øn-Iƒ°pth≠nbmWv (H.-t\m. Fs^. 2:8˛10 ({]tXy-In®v 2:14˛26); bmt°m_v; 1

tbml-∂m≥). kvt\lw, ip{iq-j, \nkzm¿∞X F∂n-h-bp≈ cq]m-¥-c-s∏-´Xpw cq]m-¥-c-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-

°p-∂-Xp-amb Hcp Pohn-X-amWv bYm¿∞ c£-bpsS sXfn-hv.

2:7 hm. 7 epw hm. 8 epw hnh-cn-°p∂ hy‡n-Iƒ XΩn¬ Hcp sshcp[yw {]I-S-am-Wv.

NASB ""\√ {]hr-Øn°p th≠ ÿncX ]q≠v tXP pw am\hpw A£-b-Xbpw At\z-jn-°p-∂-

h¿°v; \nXyPoh≥''

NKJV ""\∑ sNøp-∂-Xn¬ £a-tbmsS XpS¿∂p-sIm≠v tXP pw am\hpw A£-b-Xbpw At\z-jn-

°p-∂-h¿°v \nXy-Po-h≥''

NRSV ""£a-tbmsS \∑ -sN-bvXp-sIm≠v tXP pw am\hpw A£-b-Xbpw At\z-jn-°p-∂-h¿°v Ah≥

\nXy-Po-h≥ \¬Ipw''

TEV ""Nne a\p-jy¿ \∑ sNøp-∂Xpw tXP pw am\hpw A£bPoh\pw At\z-jn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-

°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p; Ah¿°p ssZhw \nXy-Po-h≥ \¬Ipw''

NJB ""F√m-bvt∏mgpw \∑ sNbvXp-sIm≠v k¬Io¿Ønbpw am\hpw A£-b-Xbpw At\z-jn-®-

h¿°v \nXy-Po-h≥ D≠m-bn-cn-°pw''

68

sIm¿t∂-seym-kn-s\-t∏m-se-bp≈ Bfp-IsfbmWnXp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv (H.-t\m. {]hr. 10:34˛35). Cu

thZ- mKw \oXn-°mbn {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xns\ kw_-‘n-®m-sW∂p tXm∂n-tb°mw (am-\p-jnI {]b-Xv\-Øm¬

\oXn {]m]n-°p-I), F¶nepw Aß-s\-bmbm¬ AXv tdmam-te-J-\-Øns‚ {][m\ Bi-b-Øn\v FXn-cm-bn-

cn-°pw. H∂p-In¬ hm. 1˛16 As√-¶n¬ hm. 1˛11 Hcp Jfin-I-bm-sW∂v Hm¿°p-I. apgp-`m-K-Øn-s‚bpw ssZh-

im-kv{XhmZw ssZhw hy‡n-Isf BZ-cn-°p-∂n√ (hm. 11) F∂pw F√m-hcpw ]m]w sNbvXp F∂p-amWv

(hm. 12). Bfp-Iƒ Ah¿°p e`n® shfn-®-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®v Pohn-®m¬ (Pm-Xn-Iƒ°v {]Ir-Xn-bn-ep≈ shfn-

∏m-Spw, sblq-Z-∑m¿°p {]tXyI shfn-∏mSpw, H.-t\m. 10:5) Ah¿°v ssZh-hp-ambn icn-bmb _‘-Øn¬

XpS-cmw. F¶nepw 3:9˛18, 23 kw{Klw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv Bcpw CXp-h-scbpw Aßs\ Bbn-´n-√, BIm≥

Ign-bp-∂-Xp-a√ F∂mWv.

Hcp hnizm-kn-bpsS cq]m-¥-c-s∏´ ‡n\n¿ -c-Po-hn-Xw, Ahs‚ {]mcw` hnizmk {]Xn-I-c-WsØ ÿnco-

I-cn-°p-∂Xpw hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xp-ambn ImWphm≥ Ign-bpw. cq]m-¥-c-s∏´ PohnXw, D≈n¬ hkn-°p∂ ssZhm-

flm-hns‚ sXfn-hmWv (H.-t\m. hm. 10,13; aØm. 7; Fs^. 2:8˛10; bmt°m. 2:14˛26; 1 tbml∂m≥). 8:25 se

{]tXyI ]T\ hnjbw: ÿntcm-’m-l-Øns‚ Bh-iy-I-X ImWp-I.

""\nXy-Po-h≥'' tbml-∂ms‚ Fgp-Øp-I-fnse khn-tij {]tbm-K-am-Wn-Xv. ka-ho-£W kphn-ti-j-

ß-fn¬ A]q¿h-ambn am{Xta CXp-]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≈q. ]usemkv CXp Zm\o. 12:2 ¬ \n∂pw FSp-Ø-Xm-Imw.

(H.-t\m. XosØm. 1:2; 3:7). Ahn-sS-bnXv ]pXnb bpK-Ønse Pohn-Xw, AXm-bXv ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ Iq´m-bva-

bn¬ Ign-bp∂ ]p\-cp-∞m-\- Po-h≥, Bbn-´mWv hnh-£n-°p-∂-Xv. Ah≥ BZy-am-bn´v Kem. 6:8 emWv AXp-

]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. tdmam-te-J-\-Ønse D]-tZ-i-]-c-amb `mKØp≈ km[m-cW hnj-b-am-WXv (H.-t\m.

2:7; 5:21; 6:22,23). CS-b-te-J-\-ß-fn¬ ]e {]mhiyw AXp- Im-Wp-∂p≠v (H.-t\m. 1 Xnsam. 1:16; XosØm. 1:2;

3:7).

2:8

NASB ""kzm¿∞-]-c-amb A`n-em-j-]q¿Øn-°p-th≠n {i-an-°p-∂-h¿°v''

NKJV, NRSV ""kzb-Øn-\p-th≠n At\z-jn-°p-∂-h¿°v''

TEV ""a‰m-fp-Iƒ kzm¿∞-cmWv''

NJB ""Akq-b-bn¬\n∂pw {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-h¿°v''

]Z-Øns‚ bYm¿∞ A¿∞w ""Iqen°p {]h¿Øn-°pI'' (H.-t\m. tXm_nØv 2:11) F∂m-Wv.

{Ko°v ˛ Cw•ojv seIvkn-°-Wn¬, eqhv & \nUm (hmeyw 2, t]Pv 104) Cu ]Z-Øns‚ c≠v D]-tbm-K-ßƒ

sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p.

1. ""kzm¿∞ e£yw'' tdma. 2:8, ""as‰m-cm-sf-°mƒ anI®Xmbn-cn-°m-\p≈ B{Klw.'' ChnsS CXmWp

tbmPn-°p-∂-Xv.

2. ""]I'' ^nen. 1:17 ]cn-`mjm km[y-X, ""a’-c-a-t\m-`mhw'' (H.-t\m. 2 sImcn. 12:20; Kem. 5:20; ^nen.

2:3; bmt°m. 3:14,16).

""kXyw A\p-k-cn-°msX'' ""kXyw'' (AsesX-bn-b˛aleqeiaaleqeiaaleqeiaaleqeiaaleqeia) F∂ ]Zw kXy-k-‘-X, hnizm-k-tbm-

KyX F∂o \ne-I-fn-ep≈ F{_mb A¿∞-Øn-em-Wv D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv (F-sa-Ø v). Cu kμ¿`-Øn¬

AXn\v _u≤n-I-am-b-X-√, km∑m¿Kn-I-amb Du∂-em-Wp-≈-Xv. ImWp-I, 1:8 se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw:

""kXyw'' ]usem-kns‚ Fgp-Øp-I-fn¬.

2:9 ""GXp a\p-jym-flm-hn\pw'' tdmam-te-J-\-Øns‚ Cu {]mcw` A≤ym-b-ß-fn¬ ""Zp¿hm¿Ø''-bp-sSbpw

(a-\p-jy-h¿K-Øns‚ \jvS-s∏´ Ah-ÿbpw ssZh-Øns‚ apJ-]-£-an-√mØ \ymb-hn-[n-bpw) ""kZvhm¿Ø''-

bp-sSbpw (am\-km-¥-c-s∏-Sp-Ibpw hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h¿°v {InkvXp-hn-eqsS kºq¿Æ ]m]-tam-N-

\-Øns‚bpw kuP-\y- c-£-bp-sSbpw ssZhnI hmKvZm-\w) km¿Δ euIn-I-Xsb kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn

""F√mw'' As√-¶n¬ ""Hmtcm'' F∂p X¿÷a sNøm-hp∂ ]mkv (pajpajpajpajpaj) F∂ {Ko°p ]Zw ]usemkv D]-

tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

Cu kμ¿`w Hcp BtKmf \ymb-hn-[n-sbbpw AXns‚ A\-¥-c-^-e-sØbpw i‡-ambn [z\n-∏n-°p-

∂p. Cu kXyw, \oXn-am-∑m-cp-sSbpw ZpjvS-∑m-cp-sSbpw ]p\-cp-∞m\w Bh-iy-s∏-Sp∂p (H.-t\m. Zm\o. 12:2;

tbml. 5:28˛29; {]hr. 24:15).

hm. 6˛11 Hcp ]cn-t—-Z-am-sW-¶n¬, hm. 8˛9 ZpjvSX {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-h-cpsS taep≈ \ymb-hn[n kqNn-∏n-

°p∂ Xmt°m¬ hmIy-ß-fm-Wv.

2:9˛10 ""BZyw sblq-Z\pw'' Du∂-en-\p-th≠n CXv Bh¿Øn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Ah-kcw BZyw sblq-Z-\mWv

ImcWw Ah¿°v ssZhnI shfn-∏mSp e`n®p (H.-t\m. 1:16; aØm. 10:6; 15:24; tbml. 4:22; {]hr. 3:26; 13:46)

am{X-a√ Ah¿°p ssZhnI shfn-∏mSp \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ (H.-t\m. 9:4˛5) \ymb-hn-[n-bnepw Ah¿

H∂m-a-Xm-bn-cn°pw (H.-t\m. hm. 9˛11).

69

2:11

NASB, NKJV ""ssZh-Øns‚ ]°¬ apJ-]£w C√''

NRSV ""ImcWw ssZhw apJ-]£w ImWn-°p-∂n√''

TEV ""ImcWw Htc \ne-hm-c-Øn¬ F√m-h-scbpw \ymbw hn[n-°p∂p''

NJB ""ssZh-Øns‚ ]°¬ ]£-]mXw C√''

B£-cn-I-ambn CXv ""apJw Db¿ØpI'' F∂mWv. ]gb \nb-a-Ønse \nb-a-hy-h-ÿ-bn¬ \n∂p≈

Hcp kmZr-iy-am-WXv (H.-t\m. tehy. 19:15; Bh. 10:17; 2 Zn\. 19:7; {]hr. 10:34; Kem. 2:6; Fs^. 6:9; sImsem.

3:25; 1 ]s{Xm. 1:17). Xm≥ B¿°p-th-≠n-bmWv \oXn \S-Øp-∂-sX∂v \ymbm-[n-]≥ I≠m¬ ]£-]m-X-

Øn\p km[y-X-bp-≠v. AXn-\m¬ Xs‚ apºn¬ \n¬°p-∂-hs‚ t\sc Ah≥ apJ-ap-b¿Øm≥ ]mSn-√.

{]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: hwio-bX

I. BapJw

A. hoWp-t]mb a\pjy-h¿§w Xs‚ kaq-l-Øn-\p-≈n¬ km¿Δ-eu-In-I-hambn {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-

Wn-Xv. At\I \ne-I-fn¬ Hcp B[p-\nI {]Xn-`m-k-am-Wv hwio-bX. F∂m¬ tZio-bX (A-

Yhm tKm{X-]cX) IqSp-X¬ ]pcm-X\am-Wv.

B. tZiob _mt_-en-em-Wm-cw-`n-®-Xv (Dev]Øn 11), hwi-ßƒ Dcp-Øn-cn™ t\ml-bpsS aq∂p

]p{X-∑m-tcmSp _‘-s∏-´mWv AXv BZyw Df-hm-b-Xv (D-ev]Øn 10). F∂m¬ a\p-jy-h¿§w

Hscm‰ Dd-hn-S-Øn¬ \n∂mWp≠mb-sX∂v Xncp-h-N\w hy‡-am-°p-∂p (H.-t\m. -D-ev]. 1˛3; {]hr.

17:24˛26).

C. hwio-bX At\I ap≥hn-[n-I-fn¬ H∂p am{X-am-Wv. a‰p-≈-h-bn¬ NneXv (1) hnZym-`ymk K¿Δv;

(2) kmaq-lnI kmº-ØnI Al¥; (3) kzb-\o-Xn-bpsS aX-\n-b-a-hmZw; (4) I¿°i cmjv{Sob

NmbvhpIƒ.

II. thZ-]p-kvXI ho£Ww

A. ]g-b-\n-baw

1. Dev]Øn 1:27 ˛ a\p-jy-h¿§w, BWpw s]Æp-ambn ssZh-Øns‚ kzcq-]-Ønepw kmZr-iy-

Ønepw krjvSn-°-s∏- p. AXm-W-hsc AXp-ey-cm-°n-b-Xv. AXv Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°p-ap≈ hnebpw

am\y-Xbpw ImWn-°p∂p (H.-t\m. tbml. 3:16).

2. Dev]Øn 1:11˛25 ˛ ""AXXp Xcw'' F∂ {]tbmKw ]Øp {]mhiyw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

hwiob th¿Xn-cnhns\ ]n¥p-W-bv°p-hm≥ Cu hmIyw D]-tbm-Kn-°mdp≠v. F∂m¬ kμ¿`-

Øn¬ \n∂pw a\- n-em-Ip-∂Xv CXp arK-ßƒ°pw kky-ßƒ°p-amWv a\p-jy¿°√ D]-

tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂-sX-∂m-Wv.

3. Dev]Øn 9:18˛27 hwiob ta[m-hn-XzsØ ]n¥-W-bv°p-hm≥ CXp-]-tbm-Kn-®n- p-≠v. F∂m¬

ssZhw I\ms\ i]n-®n-√ F∂ Imcyw Hm¿t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Ahs‚ ]nXm-a-l-\mb

t\mlbmWv, el-cn- hn- p-W¿∂-tijw Ahs\ i]n-®-Xv. Ahs‚ BWsb/im]sØ ssZhw

Dd-∏n-®-Xmbn ss__nƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´n-√. Ah-\-ßs\ sNbvsX-¶n¬ t]mepw AXv Idp

Ø h¿§-°msc kzm[o-\n-®n-´n-√. I\m≥ ]e-kvXo-\nse \nhm-kn-I-fpsS ]nXm-hm-bn-cp∂p;

CuPn-]vXnse Nph¿Nn-{X-ßƒ Ah¿ Idp-Ø-h-sc-s√∂pw sXfn-bn-°p-∂p.

4. tbmiph 9:23 ˛ Hcp hwiw as‰mcp hwisØ tkhn-°p-sa∂p sXfn-bn-°m≥ CXp-]-tbm-Kn-

°p-∂p. F¶nepw kμ¿`-Øn-\-\p-k-cn-®v, Kns_-tbm-\y¿ sblq-Z-∑m-cpsS AtX hwi-Øn¬

s]´-h-cm-sW∂p a\- n-em-°mw.

5. F{km 9˛10; s\sl. 13 ˛ Ch ]e-t∏mgpw hwiob A¿∞-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sm-dp-s≠-

¶nepw kμ¿`w hy‡-am-°p-∂Xv hnhmlw \njn-≤-am-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv hwiob Imc-W-ß-fm-

e√ (A-hcpw t\ml-bpsS AtX ]p{Xs‚ k¥-Xn-I-fm-Wv, Dev]Øn 10), adn®v aX-]-c-amb

Imc-W-ß-fm-em-sW-∂m-Wv.

B. ]pXnb \nbaw

1. kphn-ti-j-ßƒ

a. tbip At\I kμ¿`-ß-fn¬ sblq-Z-∑mcpw ia-cy-cpw XΩnep≈ hwiob hntZz-jsØ

D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≠v. hwiob hntZzjw A\m-h-iy-am-sW-∂mWv CXn-\¿∞w.

(1) \√ ia-cy-°m-cs‚ D]a (eq-s°m. 10:25˛37).

(2) InW-‰n-¶se kv{Xo (tbm-l. 4)

(3) \μn-bp≈ IpjvT-tcmKn (eq-s°m. 17:7˛19)

b. kphn-tij kIe am\-h-Pm-Xn°pw th≠n

(1) tbml-∂m≥ 3:16

70

(2) eqs°mkv 24:46˛47

(3) F{_m-b¿ 2:9

(4) shfn-∏mSv 14:6

c. ssZhcmPy-Øn¬ kIea\p-jycpw Dƒs∏Spw

(1) eqs°m. 13:29

(2) shfn-∏mSv 5

2. As∏m-kvXe {]hr-Øn-Iƒ

a. ssZh-Øns‚ km¿Δ-eu-InI kvt\l-sØbpw kphn-ti-j-Øn-s‚ km¿Δ-eu-InI ktμ-

i-sØbpw Ip-dn-®p≈ hy‡-amb thZ-`m-K-amWv {]hr-Øn-Iƒ 10.

b. {]hr-Øn. 11 ¬ ]s{Xm-kns‚ {]hr-Øn-Iƒ FXn¿°-s∏-´p-sh-¶nepw {]hr. 15 se sbcp-

itew Iu¨kn¬ hsc Cu {]iv\w ]cn-l-cn-°-s∏-´n-√. H∂mw \q‰m-≠nse sblq-Z-

∑mcpw PmXn-Ifpw XΩn-ep≈ kwL¿jw hfsc ISp-Ø-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.

3. ]usemkv

a. {InkvXp-hn¬ AXn¿h-c-ºp-I-fn√

(1) Kem. 3:26˛28

(2) Fs^. 2:11˛22

(3) sImsem. 3:11

b. ssZh-Øn\p apJ-]-£-an√

(1) tdma¿ 2:11

(2) Fs^-ky¿ 6:9

4. ]s{Xmkpw bmt°m_pw

a. ssZh-Øn\p apJ-]-£-an-√, 1 ]s{Xm. 1:17

b. ssZh-Øn\v apJ-]-£-an-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ Ahs‚ P\hpw apJ-]£w ImWn-°-cp-Xv,

bmt°m_v 2:1

5. tbml-∂m≥

a. hnizm-kn-I-fpsS DØ-c-hm-Zn-XzsØ kw_-‘n® G‰hpw i‡-amb {]kvXm-h-\-I-fn-sem∂v

1 tbml. 4:20 ¬ ImWp-∂p.

III. D]-kw-lmcw

A. hwio-bX As√-¶n¬ GXp hn[-Øn-ep≈ ap≥hn-[n-Ifpw ssZh-a-°ƒ°pw H´pw Xs∂ A\p-

tbm-Py-a-√. 1964 ¬ {InkvXy≥ sse^v IΩo-j\pth≠n \yq saIvkn-t°m-bnse t•mdn-sb-‰-

bn¬ sl≥en _m¿s\‰v sNbvX {]kw-K-Øn¬ \n∂p-ap≈ Hcp D≤-cWn CXm.

""hwio-bX Zpcp-]-tZ-i-amWv, ImcWw AXp thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn\p \nc-°m-ØXpw Ass{I-

kvX-hhpw BWv. Aim-kv{Xo-b-am-sW∂ Imcyw ]d-bp-Ibpw th≠.''

B. Cu {]iv\w {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ°v, \jvS-s∏´ temI-tØm-Sp-ff Xß-fpsS {InkvXpXpey-amb

kvt\lhpw £abpw Xncn-®-dnhpw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ Ah-kcw \¬Ip-∂p. Cu hnj-b-Øn-

ep≈ {InkvXob hnk-ΩXw Ah-cpsS ]Iz-X-bn-√m-bvasb shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw hnizm-knbpsS

hnizm-kw, Dd-∏v, hf¿® F∂n-hsb apc-Sn-∏n®pIf-bp-hm≥ ZpjvS\v Ah-kcw \¬Ip-Ibpw sNøp-

∂p. \jvS-s∏-´-h¿ {InkvXp-hn-te°p hcp-∂-Xn\v AXp XS- -ambn \n¬°p-∂p.

C. F\n-s°¥p sNøm≥ Ignbpw? (Cu `mKw ""hwiob _‘-ßƒ'' F∂ t]cn¬ {InkvXy≥

sse^v IΩo-j≥ {]kn-≤o-I-cn® Hcp eLp-te-J-bn¬ \n∂pw FSp-Øn-´p-≈-Xm-Wv).

""hy‡n-]-c-amb \ne-bn¬''

hwiob hnjbw ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn-t\m-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬ \nß-fpsS DØ-c-hm-ZnØw AwKo-

I-cn-°p-I.

a‰p hwi-Øn¬ s]´-h-tcmSp tN¿∂v {]m¿∞n-°p-Ibpw hN\w ]Tn-°p-Ibpw Iq´mbva BN-

cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xn-eqsS \nß-fpsS hwiob ap≥hn[n Hgn-hm-°m≥ D’m-ln-°p-I.

hwiob hntZziw Pzen-∏n-°p-∂-h-tcmSp {]tXy-In®pw \nß-fpsS hy‡n-]-c-amb t_m[yw

shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-I.

""IpSpw-_-Po-hn-X-Øn¬''

a‰p hwi-°m-tcm-Sp≈ at\m-`mhw hnI-kn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ IpSpw-_-kzm-[o-\-Øns‚ {]m[m\yw

Xncn-®-dn-bp-I.

hoSn\p shfn-bn¬ tIƒ°p∂ hwiob hnj-b-ß-sf-°p-dn®p a°fpw amXm-]n-Xm-°-fp-ambn

kwkm-cn-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS {InkvXob at\m-`mhw hnI-kn-∏n-°p-hm≥ {ian-°p-I.

a‰p hwi-ß-fn¬ s]´ Bfp-I-tfmSp≈ _‘-Øn¬ {InkvXob amXrI ImWn-°p-hm≥ amXm-

]n-Xm-°ƒ {i≤m-ep-°-fm-bn-cn-°-Ww.

71

hwiob tcJ-Iƒ°-∏p-d-tØ°v IpSpw-_-ku-lrZw \o´p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Ah-k-c-ßƒ tXSp-I.

""\nß-fpsS k`-bn¬''

hwio-b-X-tbmSp _‘-s∏´ thZ-]p-kvXI kXy-ßƒ {]kw-Kn-°p-I-bpw -]-Tn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-

∂-Xn-eqsS apgp-h≥ kaq-l-Øn\pw amXr-I-bm-bn-cn-∏m≥ k`sb {]tNm-Zn-∏n-°p-hm≥ Ignbpw.

k`-bn-eq-sS-bp≈ Bcm-[-\, Iq´m-bva, ip{iq-j-Iƒ F∂nh kI-e¿°pw kw_-‘n-°m-hp-

∂-Xm-bn-cn-°Ww; ]pXnb\nba k`-I-fn¬ hwiob AXn¿h-c-ºp-Iƒ C√m-bn-cp∂p (F-s^.

2:11˛12; Kem. 3:26˛29).

""ssZ\w-Zn\ Pohn-X-Øn¬''

sXmgn¬ taJ-e-bn¬ hwiob th¿Xn-cnhv C√m-Xm-°p-hm≥ klm-bn-°p-I.

Xpey Ah-Im-ihpw Ah-k-c-ßfpw Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xn\v F√m-Ø-c-Øn-ep-ap≈ kmaq-lnI kwL-

S-\-I-fn-eqsS {]h¿Øn-°pI. Hm¿Ωn-°pI, BfpI-sf-b√ B{I-an-t°-≠-Xv, hwiob {]iv\-

sØ-bmWv. ]c-kv]cw a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xns\ t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°pI F∂-Xm-bn-cn-°Ww e£yw,

ssI∏v krjvSn-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°-cp-Xv.

_p≤n-]-c-sa-∂p- tXm-∂n-bm¬ s]mXp-P-\-Øns‚ hnZym-`ym-k-Øn-\mbpw hwiob kl-

h¿ØnXzw t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p∂ {]tXyI {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°p-th≠nbpw kaq-l-Øn¬ A`n-

{]mb ka-\zbw Df-hm-°pI F∂ Dt±-iy-tØmsS Xmev]-cy-ap≈ ]uc-∑m-cpsS Hcp {]tXyI

IΩ‰n cq]o-I-cn-°p-I.

hwiob \oXnsb t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p∂Xn\p≈ \nb-a-ßƒ ]m m-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn \nba

\n¿ΩmW k`-sbbpw \nbak`m kmam-Pn-I-scbpw ]n¥p-W-bv°p-Ibpw cmjv{Sob t\´ßƒ

°p -th≠n ap≥hn-[nsb NqjWw sNøp-∂-hsc FXn¿°p-Ibpw sNøp-I.

hnth-N\w IqSmsX \nbaw \S-∏m-°p∂ DtZym-K-ÿ-∑msc A`n-\-μn-°p-I.

AXn-{I-asØ A]-e-]n-°p-Ibpw \nb-asØ am\n-°p-∂-Xns\ t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-Ibpw

sNøpI; \nba kwhn-[m-\-ßƒ hnthN\sØ t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂-h-cpsS Iønse D]-I-c-

W-ß-fm-bn- Xo-cm-Xn-cn-°p-hm≥ Hcp {InkvXob ]uc-s\∂ \ne-bn¬ km[y-am-b-sX√mw

sNøpI.

kIe am\p-jnI _‘-ß-fnepw {InkvXp-hn-s‚- B-flmhpw a\- pw- sh-fn-s∏-Sp-Øp-I.

tdma¿ 2:12˛1612\ymb{]amWw C√msX ]m]w sNbvXh¿ Hs°bpw \ymb{]amWw IqSmsX \in®pt]mIpw;

\ymb{]amWw D≠mbn´p ]m]w sNbvXh¿ Hs°bpw \ymb{]amWØm¬ hn[n°s∏Spw. 13\ymb-

{]amWw tIƒ°p∂hc√ ssZhk∂n[nbn¬ \oXnam∑m¿; \ymb{]amWw BNcn°p∂hct{X

\oXoIcn°s∏Sp∂Xp. 14\ymb{]amWan√mØ PmXnIƒ \ymb{]amWØnep≈Xp kz`mhØm¬

sNøptºmƒ \ymb{]amWan√mØ Ah¿ Xßƒ°p Xt∂ Hcp \ymb{]amWw BIp∂p.15AhcpsS a\ m£nIqsS km£yw ]d™pw AhcpsS hnNmcßƒ XΩn¬ Ip‰w NpaØpItbm

{]XnhmZn°tbm sNbvXpwsIm≠p Ah¿ \ymb{]amWØns‚ {]hrØn XßfpsS lrZbØn¬

FgpXnbncn°p∂Xmbn ImWn°p∂p; 16ssZhw tbip{InkvXp apJm¥cw a\pjycpsS clkyßsf

Fs‚ kphntij{]Imcw \ymbw hn[n°p∂ \mfn¬ Xt∂.

2:12 ""\ymb-{]-amWw C√msX ]m]w sNbvX-h¿ Hs°bpw'' Bfp-Iƒ ]g-b-\n-b-atam kphn-ti-jtam

tI´n-´n√ F∂n-cp-∂mepw ssZhw kIea\p-jy-scbpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-I-fmbn ]nSn-°pw. kIe a\p-jy¿°pw

krjvSn-bn¬ \n∂pw (H.-t\m. 1:19˛20; k¶o. 19:1˛6) Ahs‚ kl-P-amb [m¿ΩnI t_m[-Øn¬ \n∂pw (H.-

t\m. 2:14˛15). ssZh-sØ-°p-dn®v Adnhp e`n-®n-´p-≠v. F∂m¬ F√m-hcpw Xßƒ°p e`n® shfn-®sØ a\-

∏q¿Δw ewLn®p F∂-XmWv Zpc¥w (H.-t\m. 1:21˛23; 3:9,19,23; 11:32; Kem. 3:22).

""\ymb-{]-amWw'' ""\ymb-{]-amWw'' F∂-Xn\v hnth-NI t`Zw C√. hymI-cW LS\ km[m-c-W-bmbn

\ma-cq-]-Øns‚ KpWsØ Du∂n-∏-d-bp-∂p. F∂n-cp-∂mepw tdmam-te-J-\-Øn¬ ]usemkv ""\ymb-{]-amWw''

D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv \nc-h[n hyXykvX Imcy-ßƒ°m-Wv.

1. tdma≥ \nbaw

2. tamssiI \ymb-{]-amWw

3. a\p-jys‚ s]mXp-hmb kmaq-lnI [m¿ΩnI k¶ev]w

hnth-NI t`Z-I-a-√, kμ¿`-amWv GsX∂p \n›-bn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu kμ¿`w hy‡-am-°p-∂Xv kIe

a\p-jy¿°pw Xß-fpsS lrZ-b-Øn¬ ssZhsØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Ahs‚ {]Ir-Xn-bnse shfn-∏m-Sns\ kw_-

72

‘n®v Hcp Adnhv Ds≠-∂mWv (H.-t\m. hm.15).

2:13 ""\ymb-{]-amWw tIƒ°p-∂-h-c√ ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ \oXn-am-∑m¿'' ""tIƒ°p-∂-h¿'' F∂ ]Zw

kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv (1) d∫n-am-cpsS Iogn¬ \ymb-{]-amWw ]Tn-°p-∂-h¿ F∂ A¿∞-Øn¬ d∫n-am¿ D]-tbm-

Kn-°p∂ ]Zw As√-¶n¬ (2) kn\-tKm-Kn¬ Xncp-sh-gp-Øp-Iƒ hmbn-°p-∂Xv tIƒ°p-∂-h¿. Hm¿°pI,

sImbvt\ {Ko°n¬ Fgp-Xp∂ F{_mb Nn¥-I-cm-Wv ]p.-\n. Fgp-Øp-Im¿. AXn-\m¬ hni-I-e\w {Ko°v

i_vZ-Xm-cmhen-bn-e-√ sk]v‰z-Pn‚n¬ BWv B-cw-`n-t°-≠-Xv.

""\oXn-am≥'' As√-¶n¬ ""\oXo-I-cn-°-s∏-´-h≥'' (UnIn˛dikidikidikidikidiki F∂-Xns‚ hnhn[ cq]-ßƒ) F∂Xv

]usem-kns‚ ssZh-im-kv{X-Ønse \n¿Wm-bI ]Z-am-Wv (H.-t\m. 3:4,20,24,26,28,30; 4:2,5; 5:19; 6:7; 8:30,33).

""\oXn-am≥,'' ""\oXo-I-cn-°pI,''- ""\oXo-I-cWw'' ""\nc-∏m-IpI,'' ""\oXn'' F∂o ]Z-ß-sf√mw UnIm-bn-tbmkv

F∂ ]Z-Øn¬ \n∂p-≠m-b-Xm-Wv. 1:17se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw: \oXn ImWp-I. F{_m-b-bn¬ (‰vk-Zm-Kv,

BDB 843) AXv bYm¿∞-Øn¬ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv `nØn-Iƒ, then-Iƒ XpS-ßnb hkvXp-°sf Af-°p-∂-

Xn-\p-]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ t\sc-bp-≈Xpw \ofw IqSn-b-Xp-amb (15˛20 ASn) HmS-Ø-≠n-s\-bm-Wv. CXv \ymb-hn-[n-

bpsS am\-Zfiw F∂ \nebn¬ Be-¶m-cn-I-ambn ssZhsØ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ]Z-am-bn-Øo¿∂p.

]usem-kns‚ Fgp-Øp-I-fn¬ Cu ]Z-Øn\v c≠v Du∂-ep-I-fm-Wp-≈-Xv. H∂v, ssZh-Øns‚ \oXn,

{InkvXp-hn-ep≈ hnizm-k-Øm¬ ]m]n-I-fmb a\p-jy-h¿K-Øn\p kuP-\y-ambn \¬Ip-∂p. CXns\ ]e-

t∏mgpw IW-°n-Sp∂ \oXn As√-¶n¬ s^md≥knIv \oXn F∂p hnfn-°p-∂p. CXv \oXn-am-\mb ssZh-ap-

ºm-sI-bp≈ Hcp-hs‚ \nb-a-]-c-amb \nev]ns\ ImWn-°p-∂p. CXmWv ]usem-kns‚ {]kn-≤-amb

""hnizmkØm¬ Ir]aq-ep≈ \oXo-I-cWw'' F∂ hnj-b-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\w.

c≠v, ]m]n-bmb a\p-jys\ Xs‚ kzcq-]-Øn-te°v (H.-t\m. Dev]. 1:26˛27) aS-°n- sIm-≠p-h-cp-∂-Xn-

\p≈ ssZhnI {]hrØn As√-¶n¬ as‰mcp coXn-bn¬ ]d-™m¬ {InkvXp-hns‚ kmZriyw Ah-\n-ep-f-hm-

°p-I. Cu hmIyw ˛ aØm. 7:24; eqs°m. 8:21; 11:28; tbml. 13:17; bmt°m. 1:22˛23,25 F∂nh t]mse ˛

hnizm-kn-Isf tIhew tIƒ°p-∂-h-cmbn am{Xw Ccn-°msX {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-h-cm-bn-cn-°m≥ Blzm\w sNøp-

∂p. IW-°n-S-s∏´ \oXn (\o-Xo-I-c-Ww) \oXn-]q¿Δ-amb Pohn-X-Øn\v (hn-i-≤o-I-c-Ww) Imc-W-am-bn-Øo-c-

Ww. ssZhw ]m]n-I-tfmSp £an-°p-Ibpw Ahsc cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ]usem-kns‚ D]-

tbmKw \nb-a]-c-hpw [m¿Ωn-I-hp-am-Wv. ]pXnb \nbaw a\p-jy\v Hcp \nb-a-]-c-amb \nev]v \¬Ip-∂-tXm-

sSm∏w `‡n-\n¿`c Pohn-X-ssien Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. AXv kuP-\y-amWv ]t£ hne-bp-≈-

XmWv.

""\ymb-{]-amWw BN-cn-°p-∂-h-ct{X'' ssZhw Hcp ]pXnb A\p-k-cW Pohn-X-ssien Bh-iy-s∏-

Sp∂p (H.-t\m. tehy. 18:5; aØm. 7:24˛27; 2:14˛28). hnhn[ \ne-I-fn¬ Cu Bibw F{_mb ]Z-amb tja-

bpsS A\p-I-c-W-amWv (BDB 1033). AXn-\¿∞w sNøp-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n tIƒ°pI F∂mWv (H.-t\m. Bh.

5:1; 6:4; 9:1; 20:3; 27:9˛10).

2:14

NASB ""\ymb-{]-am-W-an-√mØ PmXn-Iƒ \ymb-{]-am-W-Ønse Imcy-ßƒ kz`m-h-Øm¬ sNøp-

tºmƒ, \ymb-{]-am-W-an-√mØ Ah¿ Xßƒ°p Xt∂ Hcp \ymb-{]-amWw BIp∂p''

NKJV ""\ymb-{]-am-Wan√mØ PmXn-Iƒ, \ymb-{]-am-W-Øn-e-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ Imcy-ßƒ {]IrXym

sNøp-tºmƒ, \ymb-{]-am-W-an-s√-¶nepw Ah¿ Xßƒ°p Xt∂ Hcp \ymb-{]-am-W-am-Ip-∂p''

NRSV ""\ymb-{]-am-Ww kz¥-a-√mØ PmXn-Iƒ \ymb-{]-amWw Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂h kl-P-hm-k-\-

bm¬ sNøp-tºmƒ, \ymb-{]-am-W-an-s√-¶nepw Ah¿ Ah¿°p Xs∂ \ymb-{]-am-W-am-Ip∂p''

TEV ""PmXn-Iƒ°p \ymb-{]-am-W-an-√, F¶nepw Ah¿ Ft∏m-sg-¶nepw kz¥ -C-—-bm¬ \ymb-{]-

amWw Iev]n-°p∂ Imcy-ßƒ sNøp-∂p-sh-¶n¬, Ah¿°v \ymb-{]-am-W-an-s√-¶nepw Ah¿

Xßƒ°p Xt∂ Hcp \ymb-{]-amWw BIp-∂p''

NJB ""DZm-l-c-W-am-bn, \ymb-{]-am-W-sØ-°p-dn®v Hcn-°epw tI´n-´n-√mØ PmXn-Iƒ, kl-P-_p-

≤n-bm¬ \ymb-{]-amWw Iev]n-°p-∂Xp sNøm≥ t{]cn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ, bYm¿∞-ambn \ymb-

{]-amWw Ah-cpsS ]°¬ Cs√-¶nepw Ah¿ \ymb-{]-amWw BIp∂p F∂p ]d-bm-hp-∂-Xm-

Wv''

F√m kwkvIm-c-ßƒ°pw Hcp B¥-cnI km∑m¿§nI {]am-Ww, Hcp kmaq-lnI \nbaw D≠v. Ah¿

Xßƒ°p e`n® shfn-®-Øn\v DØ-c-hm-Zn-I-fmWv (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 9:21). Ah¿ Ah-cpsS kwkvIm-c-Øns‚

shfn-®-Øn¬ Pohn-®m¬ ssZh-hp-ambn icnbmb _‘-Øn-em-Wv F∂p kqNn-∏n-°p-I-b√ Cu hmIy-Øns‚

Dt±iyw, adn®v ssZh-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Xß-fpsS B¥-cnI Adn-hn\v Ah¿ DØ-c-hm-Zn-I-fm-Wv F-∂m-Wv.

2:15 ""Ah-cpsS a\-km-£n-IqsS km£yw ]d™pw Ah-cpsS hnNm-c-ßƒ XΩn¬ Ip‰w Npa-Øp-Itbm

{]Xn-hm-Zn-°tbm sNbvXp-sIm≠v'' F√mhcpsSbpw D≈n¬ Hcp B¥-cnI km∑m¿§nI i_vZ-ap-≠v. F∂m¬

Bflm-hn-\m¬ {]Im-in-∏n-°-s∏´ Xncp-sh-gp-Øp-I-ƒ am{Xta ]q¿Æ-ambn B{i-bn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-bn- p≈p. hogvN

\ΩpsS a\- m-£nsb kzm[o-\n-®p. F¶nepw krjvSnbpw (1:18˛20) Cu B¥-cnI km∑m¿KnI \nb-ahpw

73

(2:14˛15) am{X-amWv Nne a\p-jy¿°v BsI-bp≈ ssZh-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Adn-hv. ""a\- m£n' (kp-s\-bvUo-

kn-kv˛suneidhsijsuneidhsijsuneidhsijsuneidhsijsuneidhsij) F∂-Xn-\p≈ {Ko°p ]mZ-Øn\v Xpey-amb F{_m-b-]-Z-an-√. \∑-Xn-∑-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈

B¥-cnI km∑m¿§n-I-t_m[w F∂ {Ko°v k¶ev]w ]e-t∏mgpw tÃmbnIv XXz-Nn-¥-I-∑m¿ N¿® sNbvXn-

cp-∂p. ]usemkv X¿s m-knse Xs‚ {]mcw` hnZym-`ymk ImeØv {Ko°p XXz-Nn-¥-I-∑msc ]cn-N-b-s∏-

ń-cn°mw (A-h≥ {]hr. 17:28 ¬ ¢o¥-kn-s\bpw 1 sImcn. 15:33 ¬ sa\m≥U-dn-s\bpw XosØm. 1:12¬ F∏n-

sa-kn-U-kn-s\bpw D≤-cn-®n-´p-≠v). Ahs‚ P∑-\-Kcw {Ko°v {]`m-j-W-I-e-bp-sSbpw XXz-Nn-¥-bp-sSbpw

anI-hp‰ Iem-e-b-ßƒsIm≠p {]kn-≤-am-bn-cp-∂p.

2:16 ""\mfn¬'' 2:5 s‚ Ipdn∏v ImWp-I.

""tbip-{InkvXp apJm-¥cw'' tbip \ymbm-[n-]-\mb√ h∂Xv (H.-t\m. tbml. 3:17˛21). Ah≥ ssZhsØ

]nXm-hmbn shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\pw ]m]-]-cn-lm-c-ambn acn-°p-∂-Xn\pw hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v ]n¥p-S-cm≥ Hcp

amXrI \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\p-amWv h∂-Xv. Bfp-Iƒ tbip-hns\ \nc-kn-°p-tºm-ƒ Ah¿ Xß-sf-Øs∂ \ymbw-

hn-[n-°p-I-bm-Wv.

F∂n-cp-∂m-epw, tbip \ymb-hn-[n-bn¬ ]nXm-hns‚ {]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn {]h¿Øn-°p-sa∂pw ]pXnb \nbaw

]Tn-∏n-°p∂p (H.-t\m. tbml. 5:22,27; {]hr. 10:42; 17:31; 2 Xnsam. 4:1). tbip \ymbm-[n-]\pw c£-I\pw

F∂nh XΩn-ep≈ kwL¿jw tbml-∂ms‚ kphn-ti-j-Øn¬ ImWmw (H.-t\m. 3:17˛21 ˛ 9:39).

""ssZhw a\p-jy-cpsS cl-ky-ßsf... \ymbw hn[n-°p∂'' ssZhw kIe Bfp-I-fp-sSbpw cl-ky-

ßƒ Adn-bp∂p (H.-t\m. 1 iaq. 2:7; 16:7; 1 cmPm. 8:39; 1 Zn\. 28:9; 2 Zn\. 6:30; k¶o. 7:9; 44:21; 139:1˛6; kZr.

15:11; 21:2; bnsc. 11:20; 17:10; 20:12; eqs°m. 15:16; {]hr. 1:24; 15:8; tdma. 8:27; shfn. 2:23). ]nXmhv ]p{Xs‚ a[y-

ÿ-X-bn-eqsS t{]c-W-sbbpw {]hrØnsbbpw \nba]cn-[n-°p-≈n¬ sIm≠p-hcpw (H.-t\m. aØm. 25:31˛46;

shfn. 20:11˛15).

""Fs‚ kphn-tij {]Imcw'' kμ¿`-Øn¬ \n∂pw CXv tbip-{In-kvXp-hns‚ shfn-∏m-Sn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈

]usem-kns‚ {]kw-K-sØ-bmWp ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂-sX∂p a\-kn-em-°mw. ""Fs‚'' F∂ k¿Δ-\maw X∂n¬

`c-taev]n-°-s∏- n-cn-°p∂ kphn-ti-j-Øns‚ Imcy-hn-Nm-c-I-Xz-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ ]usem-kns‚ Adn-hns\ [z\n-

∏n-°p∂p (H.-t\m. 16:25; 1 sImcn. 15:1; Kem. 1:11; 1 Xnsam. 1:11; 2 Xnsam. 2:8). AXv Ah-t‚-Xp- am{Xam-bn-cn-°p-

∂n-√, F¶nepw PmXn-I-fpsS As∏m-kvX-e-s\∂ \ne-bn¬, tbip-hn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ kXyw {Ko°v˛tdm-a≥

temIØv {]-N-cn-∏n-°p-hm-\p≈ _rl-Ømb DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-Øns‚ t_m[yw Ah\v A\p-`-h-s∏-ń-cp-∂p.

tdma¿ 2:17˛2417\otbm sblqZ≥ F∂p t]¿-sIm≠pw \ymb{]amWØn¬ B{ibn®pw 18ssZhØn¬

{]iwkn®pw \ymb{]amWØn¬\n∂p ]Tn°bm¬ Ahs‚ C„w Adn™pw t`Zmt`Zßƒ

hnthNn®pw 19⁄m\Øns‚bpw kXyØn-s‚bpw kzcq]w \ymb{]amWØn¬\n∂p \n\°p

e`n®XpsIm≠p 20\o IpcpS¿°p hgn Im´p∂-h≥, Ccpńep≈h¿°p shfn®w, aqVsc ]Tn∏n-

°p∂h≥, inip°ƒ°p D]tZ„mhp F∂p Dsd®pancn°ps∂¶n¬˛˛21tl, A\ys\

D]tZin°p∂ht\, \o \ns∂Øt∂ D]tZin°mØXp F¥p? tam„n°cpXp F∂p {]kwKn-

°p∂ \o tam„n°p∂pthm? 22hy`nNmcw sNøcpXp F∂p ]dbp-∂ \o hy`nNmcw sNøp∂pthm?

hn{Klßsf shdp°p∂ \o t£{Xw Ih¿® sNøp∂pthm? 23\ymb{]amWØn¬ {]iwkn°p∂

\o \ymb{]amWewL\Øm¬ ssZhsØ A]am\n°p∂p-thm? 24""\nßƒ\nanØw ssZhØns‚

\maw PmXnIfpsS CSbn¬ Zpjn°s∏Sp∂p'' F∂p FgpXnbncn°p∂pht√m.

2:17 ""\ymb-{]-amWw'' hm. 17 apX¬ sblq-Z-s\-°p-dn®p ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂-Xn\m¬ ""\ymb-{]-amWw'' F∂

]Zw Cu kμ¿`-Øn¬ tamssiI \ymb-{]-am-WsØ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. CXv ]cn-t—-Z-\-sb-°p-dn®p ]d-bp∂

hm. 25 \m¬ ÿnco-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.

""ssZh-Øn¬ {]iw-kn®pw'' At\-I -sb-lq-Z-∑m¿ {]iw-kn-°p-∂Xv (1) A{_m-lm-an¬ \n∂p≈ Ah-

cpsS hwi-]m-c-º-cy-Ønepw (2) ssZh-Øm¬ AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\p≈ am¿§-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ tamssiI

\ymb-{]-am-W-Øns‚ hy‡n-]-c-amb BN-c-WØnepw. F¶nepw Ah-cpsS kzb-˛-\o-Xo-I-cW \nb-a-hmZw

Ahsc ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂v A-I-‰n-°-f™p (H.-t\m. aØm. 5:20; Kem. 3). Fs¥mcp ZpxJ-I-c-amb sshcp[yw!

{]iw-kn-°pI F∂ Bibw ]usemkv 1 sImcn-¥y-cn¬ hnI-kn-∏n-s®-Sp-Øn-´p-≠v. bn{km-tb-en-s‚bpw

bh-\-cp-sSbpw [n°m-c-]-c-amb _u≤n-IX ]usemkv A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v. Hcp PU-Øn\pw ssZh-k-∂n-

[n-bn¬ {]iw-kn-°m-\m-hn√ F∂-XmWv ASn-ÿm\ tcJ.

74

{]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: {]iw-kn-°¬IuJm-Hm-am-bn (kaucaomaikaucaomaikaucaomaikaucaomaikaucaomai), IuJo-am (kauchmakauchmakauchmakauchmakauchma), IuJo-knkv (kauchsijkauchsijkauchsijkauchsijkauchsij) F∂o {Ko°p ]Z-

ßƒ ]usemkv 35 {]mh-iyhpw ]pXn-b -\n-b-a-Øns‚ _m°n `mK-ß-fn¬ 2 {]mh-iyhpw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-

´p≠v (c≠pw bmt°m_n¬). AXv G‰hpw A[nIw ImWp-∂Xv 1, 2 sImcn-¥y-cn-em-Wv.

{]iw-kn-°p-∂-Xn-t\mSp _‘-s∏´v c≠p {][m\ kXy-ß-fp-≠v.

Hcp PU-Øn\pw ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ {]iw-kn-°m-\m-hn√ (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 1:29; Fs^. 2:9).

hnizm-kn-Iƒ I¿Øm-hn¬ {]iw-kn-°Ww (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 1:31; 2 sImcn. 10:17; AXv bnsc.

9:23˛24 s‚ kqN-\-bm-Wv).

AXn-\m¬ tbmKy-am-bXpw Atbm-Ky-a-√m-Ø-Xp-amb {]iwk D≠v (A-l-¥).

A. tbmKy-am-bXv

1. tXP- ns‚ {]Xym-i-bn¬ (H.-t\m. tdma. 4:2)

2. I¿Øm-hmb tbip-hn-eqsS ssZh-Øn¬ (H.-t\m. tdma. 5:11)

3. I¿Øm-hmb tbip-{In-kvXp-hns‚ {Iqin¬ (A-Xm. ]usem-kns‚ apJy-hn-j-bw, H.-t\m. 1

sImcn. 1:17˛18; Kem. 6:14)

4. ]usemkv {]iw-kn-°p-∂Xv

a. {]Xn-^ew hmßmsX sNøp∂ Xs‚ ip{iqjbn¬, (H.t\m. 1 sImcn. 9:15; 2 sImcn. 10:12)

b. {InkvXp-hn¬ \n∂p e`n® A[n-Im-c-Øn¬ (H.-t\m. 2 sImcn. 10:8,12)

c. a‰p-≈-h-cpsS {]b-Xv\-Øn¬ Xm≥ {]iw-kn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ (sIm-cn-¥n-ep≈ Nne¿

sNøp-∂-Xp-t]mse H.t\m. 2 sImcn. 10:15)

d. Ahs‚ hwiob ss]Xr-I-Øn¬ (sIm-cn-¥n-ep≈ a‰p-≈-h¿ sNøp-∂-Xp-t]m-se, H.-t\m.

2 sImcn. 11:17; 12:1,5,6).

e. Ahs‚ k`-I-fn¬

1) sImcn¥v (2 sImcn. 7:4,14; 8:24; 9:2; 11:10)

2) sX -sem-\oIy (H.-t\m. 2 sX . 1:4)

3) ssZh-Øns‚ Bizm-k-Ønepw hnSp-X-enepw D≈ Ahs‚ Dd-∏n¬ (H.-t\m. 2 sImcn.

1:12)

B. tbmKy-a-√m-ØXv

1. sblqZ ss]Xr-I-tØm-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬ (H.-t\m. tdma. 2:17,23; 3:27; -K-em. 6:13)

2. sImcn¥y k`-bn-ep≈ Nne-cpsS {]iwk

a. a\p-jy-cn¬ (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 3:21)

b. ⁄m\-Øn¬ (H.t\m. 1 sImcn. 4:7)

c. kzmX-{¥y-Øn¬ (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 5:6)

3. Zpcp-]-tZ-jvSm-°ƒ sImcn-¥nse k`-bn¬ {]iw-kn-°m≥ {ian®p (H.-t\m. 2 sImcn. 11:12)

2:18 ""hnth-Nn®pw'' CXv tUm°n-amUvtkm (dokimazwdokimazwdokimazwdokimazwdokimazw) F∂ {Ko°p ]Z-Øns‚ h¿Ø-am\Ime I¿Øcn

kqN-I-cq-]-am-Wv. ]cn-tim-[\ F∂Xns\-°p-dn-®p≈ Xmsg sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw ImWp-

I.

{]tXyI ]T\hnjbw: ]cntim[\bv°p≈ {Ko°p

]Zßfpw a‰v A¿∞kqN\IfpwHcp Dt±iytØmsS Hcphs\ ]cntim[n°pI F∂ Bibap≈ c≠v {Ko°p ]Zßfp≠v.

1. tUm°namUvtkm (dokimazwdokimazwdokimazwdokimazwdokimazw), tUm°nantbm≥ (dokimiondokimiondokimiondokimiondokimion), tUm°namknb (dokimasiadokimasiadokimasiadokimasiadokimasia).Hcp hkvXp bYm¿∞amtWm F∂dnbp∂Xn\v (Be¶mcnIambn Hcp hy‡nsbbpw) XosIm≠v

tim[\ sNøp∂Xn\p]tbmKn°p∂ temlkwkvIcW ]ZamWnXv. Xo icnbmb temlsØ

shfns∏SpØpIbpw IoSsØ Dcp°n°fbpIbpw sNøp∂p (ip≤oIcn°p∂p). Cu `uXnI

{]{Inb, ssZhhpw/As√¶n¬ kmØm\pw/As√¶n¬ a\pjy\pw a‰p≈hsc tim[\ sNøp∂p

F∂Xn\p≈ i‡amb ssienbmbn amdn. Cu ]Zw AwKoIcn°m\p≈ Dt±iytØmsS

]cntim[n°pI F∂ km[Imfl A¿∞Øn¬ am{Xta D]tbmKn®n´p≈q.

Chsb ]cntim[n°p-∂-Xmbn ]pXnb \nbaØn¬ D]tbmKn®ncn°p∂p:

75

a. Imf ˛ eqs°m. 14:19

b. \sΩØs∂ ˛ 1 sImcn. 11:28

c. \ΩpsS hnizmkw ˛ bmt°m. 1:3

d. ssZhsØt∏mepw ˛ F{_m. 3:9

Cu ]cntim[\bpsS êw km[ImflIsa∂v A\pam\n°s∏Sp∂p (H.t\m. tdma. 1:28; 14:22;

16:10; 2 sImcn. 10:18; 13:3; ^nen. 2:27; 1 ]s{Xm. 1:7) AXn\m¬ ]Zw kqNn∏n°p∂Xv Hcph≥

]cntim[n°s∏´v AwKoIcn°s∏Sp∂p F∂mWv.

a. sIm≈mhp∂hs\∂v

b. \√hs\∂v

c. kXyambsX∂v

d. hnebp≈sX∂v

e. _lpam\tbmKysa∂v

2. s]bndmUvtkm (peirazwpeirazwpeirazwpeirazwpeirazw), s]bndmkvapkv (peirasmujpeirasmujpeirasmujpeirasmujpeirasmuj)Ip‰w Is≠ØpI, AYhm \nckn°pI F∂ Dt±iytØmsSbp≈ ]cntim[\sb kqNn∏n

°p∂p. acp`qanbn¬ h®v tbiphn\p≠mb ]co£tbmSp _‘s∏´v an°t∏mgpw D]tbmKn°

s∏ńcn°p∂p.

a. tbiphns\ IpSp°phm\p≈ {iasØ kqNn∏n°p∂p (H.t\m. aØm. 4:1; 16:1; 19:3; 22:18,35;

a¿s°m. 1:13; eqs°m. 4:38; F{_m. 2:18).

b. Cu ]Zw (s]bndmUvtkm¨- peirazonpeirazonpeirazonpeirazonpeirazon) kmØms‚ t]cmbn D]tbmKn®ncn°p∂p (aØm.

4:3; 1 sX . 3:5)

c. ssZhsØ ]co£n°cpXv F∂ ap∂dnbn∏mbn tbip CXp]tbmKn®p (H.t\m. aØm. 14:7;

eqs°m. 4:12 [AYhm {InkvXphns\, H.t\m. 1 sImcn. 10:9]). ]cmPbs∏´ H∂v sNøp∂

Xn\p≈ {iasØ kqNn∏n°p∂Xn\pw D]tbmKn®ncn°p∂p (H.t\m. {]hr. 9:20; 20:21; F{_m.

11:29). hnizmknIƒ°p≠mIp∂ ]co£Isfbpw ]cntim[\Isfbpw kqNn∏n°phm\pw

D]tbmKn®ncn°p∂p (H.t\m. 1 sImcn. 7:5; 10:9,13; Kem. 6:1; 1 sX . 3:5; F{_m. 2:18;

bmt°m. 1:2,13,14; 1 ]s{Xm. 4:12; 2 ]s{Xm. 2:9). Hcp {]tXyI kabØpw ÿeØpw shfn

s∏Sp∂Xn\mbn ssZhw a\pjys‚ aq∂p i{Xp°sf A\phZn®ncn°p∂p (AXm. temIw,

PUw, ]nimNv).

2:18˛20 sblqZ t\Xm-°-∑m¿ Xß-fpsS am¿§-amWv (A-h-cpsS sblqZ aX-hn-`m-Kw) icn-bmb am¿§-sa∂pw

ssZh-Øn-¶-te-°p≈ GI am¿K-sa∂pw hniz-kn-®n-cp-∂p. aX-kw-_-‘-amb hnj-b-ß-fn¬ kXy-Kp-cp-°-

∑m¿ Xß-fm-sW∂v Ah¿ Dd-®n-cp∂p (H.-t\m. aØm. 15:14). ]Zhn DØ-c-hm-ZnØw sIm≠phcp∂p (H.-t\m.

eqs°m. 12:48).

Ah-cpsS Bfl-hn-izm-k-tØmSp _‘-s∏´ kam-¥c {]tbm-K-ßƒ {i≤n-°pI (H.-t\m. aØm. 15:14;

23: 16,24; eqs°m. 6:39)

1. Ipcp-S¿°p hgn-Im-ń, hm. 20

2. Ccp-ń-ep-≈-h¿°p shfn-®w, hm. 20

3. aqVsc ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-h≥, hm. 20

4. inip-°ƒ°v D]-tZ-jvSm-hv, hm. 20

5. ⁄m\-Øn-s‚bpw kXy-Øn-s‚bpw kzcq-]-amb \ymb-{]-amWw e`n-®-h≥, hm. 19

""F¶n¬'' CXv Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚ ho£-W-Øn¬ kXy-am-btXm As√-¶n¬ Ahs‚ cN-t\m-t±-iy-Øn\p

th≠n-bp-≈tXm Bb H∂mwXcw tkm]m-[nI hmN-I-am-Wv. Cu hyhÿ hm. 20 hsc \ofp-∂p F¶nepw

D]-kw-l-cn-°p-∂n-√. AXn-\m¬ TEV AXns\ ]cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv tbip-hn\p ]d-bm≥ Ign-bp∂ {]Jym-

]-\-ßƒ F∂ \ne-bn-em-Wv. sblq-Z-∑m¿ Ah-cpsS hwi-]m-c-º-cy-Ønepw, ]mc-º-cy-ß-fnepw, c£ t\Sm≥

klm-bn-°p∂ {]hr-Øn-I-fnepw B{i-bn-®ncp∂p (H.t\m. aØm. 3:9; tbml. 8:33,37,39).

2:21˛24 Hcph≥ hy‡n]camb A\pkcaØn¬ B{ibn°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬, B A\p-k-cWw ]q¿Æ-am-bn-cn-

°Ww (H.-t\m. aØm. 3:20,48; Kem. 3:10 CXv Bh. 27:26 ¬ \n∂p≈ D≤-c-Wn-bmWv; bmt°m. 2:10). hoWp-

t]mb a\p-jy-h¿§sØ kw_-‘n®v CXv Akm-[y-am-Wv. hm. 21˛23 ¬ ]usemkv sblqZ hmb-\-°m-tcmSv/

tIgvhn°m-tcmSv Be-¶m-cn-I-amb hmKvNm-Xp-cn-tbmsS tNmZy-ßƒ tNmZn-°p-∂p.

2:22 hm. 22˛23 ¬ ]usemkv F¥n-s\-bmWv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-sX∂p {Kln-°m≥ _p≤n-ap-´p-≠v. hnh-cWw

]usem-kns‚ ImesØ an° sblq-Z-∑m¿°pw tbmPn-°p-∂-X-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ Cu ]m]-ßƒ Bflob A¿∞-

Øn¬, aØm. 5:20˛48 ¬ tbip \ymb-{]-am-WsØ hymJym-\n® coXn-bn¬ FSp-°m-\p≈ km[y-Xtb ImWp-

76

∂p-≈q. F Xntbm-fPn Hm^v Z \yq sSÃ-sa‚n¬ tPm¿÷v emUv ]d-bp-∂p, ""]usemkv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv,

ssZh-Øn\v A¿l-amb alXzw Ih¿∂pIf-bp∂ Bflob hy`n-Nm-c-sØ-°p-dn®pw Xß-fpsS kl-Po-hn-I-

fp-sS-ta¬ Xß-sf-Øs∂ \ymbm-[n-]-Xnbpw I¿Øm-hp-ambn Db¿Øn-s°m≠v ssZh-Øn\p am{Xw sNtø≠

Bcm-[-\sb Aip-≤-am-°p-∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®p-am-Wv'' (t]. 505)

2:22 ""hn{K-l-ßsf shdp-°p∂'' Zp¿K‘w \nanØw H∂n¬ \n∂pw AI-∂p-t]mIpI F∂-XmWv Cu ]Z-

Øns‚ aqe A¿∞w.

""t£{Xw Ih¿® sNøp-∂pthm?'' F¥mWp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-sX∂v Ncn-{X-]-c-ambn hy‡-a-√, F¶nepw

hn{K-lm-cm-[-\-tbmSp _‘-s∏-´-Xm-bn-cn-°m-\mWp km[y-X.

2:23 ""{]iw-kn-°p∂p'' 2:17 se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw: {]iw-kn-°¬ ImWp-I.

2:24 CXv sbi. 52:5 s‚ sk]v‰z-Pn-‚n¬ \n∂p≈ D≤cWn-bm-Wv. DS-ºSn ]men-°p-∂-Xn\v bn{km-tb-en-

\p≈ ssZhnI A\p-{Klw (H.-t\m. Bh. 27˛28) temI-Øn\p apºm-sI-bp≈ km£y-am-bn-´mWv ssZhw

Dt±-in-®-Xv. F¶nepw bn{km-tb¬ Hcn-°epw DS-ºSn ]men-®n-√, AXn-\m¬ ssZhnI \ymb-hn[n am{Xta

temIw I≠p≈q (H.-t\m. sbsl. 36:22˛32). temIsØ btlm-h-bn-ep≈ hnizm-k-Øn-te°p \bn-°p∂

(H.-t\m. Dev]. 12:3; Fs^. 2:11˛3:13) ]ptcm-lnX cmP-Xz-am-bn-´mWv bn{km-tb¬ hnfn-°-s∏-´Xv (H.-t\m. ]pd.

19:5˛6). 1:5 se {]tXyI ]T\hnj-bw: t_m_ns‚ kphn-ti-j-hn-lnX ap≥hn-[n-Iƒ ImWp-I.

tdma¿ 2:25˛2925\o \ymb{]amWw BNcn®m¬ ]cnt—Z\ {]tbmP\ap≈Xp kXyw; \ymb{]amWewLn-

bmbmtem \ns‚ ]cnt—Z\ A{KN¿ΩambnØo¿∂p. 26A{KN¿Ωn \ymb{]amWØns‚ \nbaß-

sf {]amWn®m¬ Ahs‚ A{KN¿Ωw ]cnt—Z\ F∂p FÆpIbn√tbm? 27kz`mhØm¬ A{K-

N¿Ωnbmbh≥ \ymb{]amWw A\pjvTn°p∂p F¶n¬ A£chpw ]cnt—Z\bpap≈

\ymb{]amW ewLnbmb \ns∂ Ah≥ hn[n°bn√tbm? 28]pdsa sblqZ\mbh≥ sblqZ\√;

]pdsa PUØnep≈Xp ]cnt—Z\bpa√; 29AIsa sblqZ\mbh\t{X sblqZ≥; A£cØne√

Bflmhnep≈ lrZb]cnt—Z\bt{X ]cnt—Z\; Ah∂p a\pjycme√ ssZhØm¬ Xt∂

]pIgvN e`n°pw.

2:25 ""]cn-t—-Z\'' ]usemkv Ct∏mgpw tNmtZym-Øc coXn Ah-ew-_n-°p-∂p. Ipd™ ]£w Rßƒ ]cn-

t—-Z\ G‰-h-ct√m (H.-t\m. Dev]. 17:10˛11) F∂ tNmZyw Hcp-h≥ Db¿Øn-tb-°mw. Rßƒ A{_-lm-ans‚

hwi-Øn-ep-≈-h-cm-Wv. sblq-Z-∑m¿ hne-a-Xn-°p∂ Cu Ah-Im-i-hm-ZsØ ]usemkv hy‡-ambpw i‡-

ambpw Jfin-°p∂p (H.-t\m. aØm. 3:7˛10; tbml. 8:31˛59).

s^en-kvXy¿ HgnsI bn{km-tb-ens‚ Ab¬°m-sc√mw ]cn-t—-Z\ G‰-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p. B {]hrØn A√

{]m[m-\y-a¿ln-°p-∂Xv; kzoI-cn-°p-∂-hs‚ XpS¿am-\-amb hnizm-k-amWv hne-bp-≈Xv (H.-t\m. hm. 26˛27;

Bh. 10:16; 30:6). F√ aX-N-S-ßp-Isf kw_-‘n®pw CXp kXy-am-Wv. aX-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb Bfp-Iƒ°v

ssZhnI DS-º-Sn-bpsS A\p-{K-l-ßƒ thWw, ]t£ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ßƒ Gs‰-Sp-°m≥ A-h¿°p hø.

2:25˛26 ""...-®m¬... ®m¬... F¶n¬'' km[y-amb `mhn {]hrØnsb kqNn-∏n-°p∂ aq∂v aq∂mwXc tkm]m-

[nI hmN-I-ßƒ Chn-sS-bp-≠v. A[ymbw 2 se ]usem-kns‚ hmZ-Øns‚ Xmt°m¬ A\p-k-c-W-amWv

(H.-t\m. Kem. 3). A\p-k-cWw c£-bpsS ^e-am-Wv. F∂m¬ Ir]-bmWv ASn-ÿm\w (H.-t\m. Fs^.

2:8˛10).

2:26˛27 Nne PmXn-Iƒ Xßƒ°p e`n® shfn-®-tØmSp {]Xn-I-cn®p F∂ {]Xymi Cu hmIy-ßƒ

]pe¿Øp∂p (hm. 26 ¬ hymI-cWw ""AtX'' F∂ DØcw {]Xo-£n-°p-∂p). CXn-\v G‰hpw km[y-X-

bp≈ thZ-]p-kvXI amXrI {]hr. 10 se sIm¿t∂-seymkv BWv. F¶nepw Ah≥ Cu hmIy-Øn\p

]q¿Æ-ambpw tbmPn-°p-∂n√, ImcWw Ah≥ ssZh-`-‡\pw {]mtZ-inI kn\-tKm-Kn¬ Bcm-[n-®p-h-∂n-cp-∂-

h\pw Bbn-cp-∂p.

sblq-Z\p c£ Bh-iy-am-Wv F∂Xp kw_-‘n® ]usem-kns‚ hmZsØ ]n¥p-W-bv°p-∂-XmWv

bYm¿∞-Øn¬ Cu hmIy-ßƒ. {InkvXp-hns\ IqSmsX kIe a\p-jycpw Bfln-I-ambn acn-®-h-cmWv

F∂ kw£n-]vX-amWv tdma. 3:23. krjvSn-bn¬ \n∂pw B¥-cnI [m¿ΩnI t_m[-Øn¬ \n∂pw Xßƒ°p

e`n® shfn-®-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®v Pohn-°p∂ PmXn-Iƒ Ds≠-¶n-¬ Ah¿°v {InkvXp-hn-t\mSv {]Xn-I-cn-°m≥

Ah-kcw ssZhw {]Zm\w sNøpw ˛ GsX-¶nepw hn[-Øn¬, GsX-¶nepw am¿K-Øn¬, Ft∏m-sg-¶n-epw.

2:28˛29 ""sblq-Z-\-√... At{X sblq-Z≥'' CXv AXoh {]m[m-\y-ap≈ Hcp N¿®-bm-Wv, ImcWw Nne

B[p-\nI ssZh-imkv{X kaq-l-ßƒ ]g-b\nba ssZh-P-\sØ ]pXnb \nba ssZh-P-\-Øn¬ \n∂pw

th¿Xn-cn-°p-hmt\m am‰n-\n¿Ømt\m {ian-°m-dp-≠v. Hscm‰ DS-º-Snbpw Hscm‰ P\-X-bp-ta-bp≈q (H.-t\m.-

77

tdm-a. 9:6; Kem. 3:7˛9, 29; 6:16; 1 ]s{Xm. 3:6). ]pXnb DS-ºSn ]g-b-Xns‚ hnI-knX cq]hpw ]q¿Øo-I-c-W-hp-

am-Wv. ssZh-Øns‚ P\w F√m-bvt∏mgpw Aß-s\-bm-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv hnizm-k-Øm-em-Wv, hwi-]m-c-º-cy-Øm-

e-√. ""lrZ-b -P\w'' BWp≈Xv, BNmc, hwiob P\-a-√. ]nXr-Xz-a-√, hnizm-k-amWv Xmt°m¬. DS-ºSn

Nn”-a-√, DS-ºSn a\- mWv AS-bm-fw.

""PUw'' 1:3 se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw ImWp-I.

2:29 DS-ºSn AS-bm-f-amb ]cn-t—-Z\ (H.-t\m.- D-ev]. 17:14). ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ Hcp-hs‚ Xpd∂ a\x-ÿn-Xn-

bpsS ]g-b\nba kmZr-iy-am-Wv. hnhn[ \ne-I-fn¬ AXv Be-¶m-cn-I-ambn hnI-kn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

1. lrZb ]cn-t—-Z\ (H.-t\m. Bh. 10:16; 30:6; bnsc. 4:4; 9:24-˛25)

2. sNhn-bpsS ]cn-t—-Z\ (H.-t\m. bnsc. 6:10)

3. A[c ]cn-t—-Z\ (H.-t\m. ]pd. 6:12,30)

\ymb-{]-amWw Hcn-°epw _mly-amb tImUv F∂v Dt±-in-°-s∏-ń-ń-√. btlm-h-bpsS kz`m-hhpw A{_-

lm-ans‚ k¥-Xn-I-tfm-Sp≈ hmKvZ-Øhpw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ Xc-Øn¬ btlm-h-tbmSv Zn\w tXmdpw _‘w

]pe¿Øp∂ cq]m-¥-c-s∏´ Pohn-X-am-W-Xv. 13:9 se {]tXyI ]T\ hnjbw: \ymb-{]-am-W-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈

]usem-kns‚ ho£Ww ImWp-I.

NASB ""A£-c-Øm-e-√, Bflm-hn-\m-ep≈ lrZb ]cn-t—-Z\''

NKJV ""A£-c-Øn-e-√, Bflm-hn-ep≈ lrZb ]cn-t—-Z\''

NRSV ""lrZ-b-Øns‚ hnj-b-am-WXv ˛ AXv BflnIamWv, B£-cn-I-a√''

TEV ""AXv ssZhm-flm-hns‚ {]hr-Øn-bm-Wv, Fgp-X-s∏´ {]am-W-Øn-t‚-X√''

NJB ""lrZ-b-Øn¬ ˛ A£-c-Øn-t‚-X√, Bflm-hn-t‚-Xmb H∂mWv''

{Ko°n¬ Cu {]tbmKw Zp¿{K-l-am-Wv. Nne ]cn-`m-j-Iƒ CXns\ B£-cn-I-Øn-s\-Xn-cmb BflnIw

F∂p a\- n-em-°p∂p (H.-t\m. NRSV, Zn \yq ‰z‚n-bØv sk©zdn \yq sSÃvsa‚ v, Ivt\mIvkv {Sm≥kvtej≥,

\yq s_¿°ven th¿j≥). a‰p ]cn-`m-j-Iƒ CXns\ ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn\p (H.-t\m. 7:6; 2 sImcn. 3:6 F∂n-hn-S-

ß-fn¬ kam-\- hmNI LS\ ImWp-∂p) hn]-co-X-ambn Fgp-X-s∏´ {]amWw F∂p a\ n-em-°p∂p (H.-

t\m. NASB, NKJV, NEB, NIV, TEV). Z sPtdmw _nªn-°¬ Ia‚dn t]. 299, 2 sImcn. 3:6 s‚ ASn-ÿm-

\-Øn¬ \n¿t±iw hbv°p-∂Xv CXv ]gb DS-º-Sn-sbbpw ]pXnb DS-º-Sn-sbbpw ]c-am¿in-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈

]usem-kns‚ Be-¶m-cnI/kmln-Xy-]-c-amb coXn-bm-sW-∂m-Wv. BZy-tØ-Xns‚ khn-ti-jX _mly

AS-bm-fhpw c≠m-a-tØ-Xnt‚Xv Bflm-hns‚ ]pXnb bpK-Øn¬ ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-\m¬ \¬I-s∏-Sp∂ B¥-

cn-I-amb ]pXnb a\ pw ]pXnb Bflmhpw BWv.

Nne PmXn-Iƒ \ymb-{]-am-W-Øn¬ \n∂pw th¿s]´v ssZhsØ {]km-Zn-∏n-°p-hm≥ {ian-°p-am-bn-cn°pw

F∂ hkvXp-X-bmWv ]usemkv N¿® sNøp-∂-Xv. CXv icn-bm-sW-¶n¬, ssZh-a-°ƒ F∂-Xn¬ imco-cnI

]cn-t—-Z\ G‰-h-sc-°mƒ (D-Zm. KemXy¿) IqSp-X¬ Bfp-Iƒ Dƒs∏-ń-´p-≠m-Ipw. ssZhnI IpSpw_w hwiob

sblq-Z-∑m-sc-°mƒ hnim-e-am-b-XmWv (H.-t\m. Dev]. 3:15; 12:3; ]pd. 19:5). Ctøm_v, a¬°o-tk-sZ-°v, bnt{Xm,

Imte-_v, cmlm-_v, cqØv F∂n-h¿ hwi-]-c-ambn sblq-Z-c-√. F{^bow, a\s» tKm{X-ßƒ t]mepw ]mXn

an{k-bo-ay-cmWv (H.-t\m. Dev]. 41:50˛52)









1. sblq-Z-∑m-cpsS Ahn-iz-kvXX Fß-s\-bmWv ssZhnI hmKvZ-ØsØ _m[n-°p-∂Xv (3:3-˛4)?

2. sblq-Z-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v ssZh-ap-ºmsI Fs¥-¶nepw t\´-apt≠m (3:1˛8)?

3. F¥mWv Ubm-ss{S_v?

4. hm. 5˛8 ¬ ImWp∂ Ubmss{S-_ns‚ hnj-b-sa-¥mWv?

5. \oXo-I-cWw {]hrØn-bm-e-√, hnizmkw aqew Ir]-bm-em-sW-¶n¬ Hcp-h≥ Fßs\ Pohn-°p∂p

F∂Xp hnj-b-amtWm (3:8)?

6. F¥mWv kºq¿Æ hgn-sX-‰¬ F∂ ssZh-imkv{X Bibw (3:10˛18)?

7. tamssiI \ymb-{]-am-W-Øns‚ As√-¶n¬ s]mXp-hn-ep≈ {]am-W-Øns‚ Dt±-iy-sa-¥mWv?

8. a\p-jys‚ \jvS-s∏´ Ahÿ hnh-cn-°p∂ A. 1˛3 ¬ kmØm-s\-°p-dn®p ]c-am¿in-°m-Ø-sX-¥p-

78

sIm≠v?

9. ]g-b-\n-ba hmKvZ-Ø-ßƒ tkm]m-[n-I-amtWm AtXm \ncp-]m-[n-I-amtWm?

10. (1) sblq-Z-\-√mØhcp-sSbpw (2) sblq-Z-∑m-cp-sSbpw Pohn-XØn¬ tamssiI \ymb-{]-am-W-Øns‚

Dt±-iy-sa-¥mWv?

11. 1:18˛3:20 ¬ Jfin-Im-]-c-am-bp≈ ]usem-kns‚ hmZ-ß-fpsS cq]-tcJ \nß-fpsS kz¥w hm°p-I-

fn¬ Xøm-dm-°p-I.

79

sblqZ\pw ssZhØns‚ hn[n sblq-Zs‚ sblqZ\pw ssZh-Øns‚

\ymb{]amWhpw sb \ymboIcn hntijX \ymb{]amWhpw hmKvZØßƒ A

°p∂p hsc c£n°b√

3:1˛8 3:1˛8 3:1˛8 3:1˛4 3:1˛8

3:5˛6

3:7˛8

\oXnam≥ F√mhcpw ]m]w F√mhcpw Hcp a\pjy\pw F√mhcpw

Bcpan√ sNbvXp Ip‰°m¿ \oXnam\√ Ip‰°m¿

3:9˛20 3:9˛20 3:9˛18 3:9˛18 3:9˛18

3:19˛20 3:19˛20 3:19˛20

hnizmkØm¬ hnizmkØm¬ bYm¿∞ Fßs\bmWv ssZhnI \ymb

\oXoIcWw ssZhnI \oXo \oXoIcWw ssZhw a\pjys\ hn[nbpsS

IcWw \nc∏n°p∂Xv shfn∏mSv

3:21˛26 3:21˛26 3:21˛26 3:21˛26 3:21˛26

{]iwk Hgnhm°n {]iwk hnizmkw

Hgnhm°s∏´p sNøp∂Xv

3:27˛31 3:27˛31 3:27˛31 3:27˛31 3:27˛31
















4. BZnbmbh

]›m-Øe Dƒ°m-gvN-IƒA. ""hm. 1˛8, ap≥`mKßtfmSp _‘-s∏´ D≈-S-°-amWv F¶nepw ]usemkv Ubm-ss{S_v (Hcp FXn¿hm-

Z-ap∂bn-°p∂bmsf k¶-ev]n-°p-∂-Xv) F∂ kmlnXy kt¶Xw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ Ahs‚

bp‡n ]n¥p-S-cp-hm≥ {]bm-k-am-Wv.

B. Nne sblq-Z-∑m¿ 2:17˛29 t\mSv {]Xn-I-cn-°p∂ hn[w ]usemkv {]Xo-£n-°p-∂p-sh∂p tXm∂p-∂p.

AXn-\m¬ Ah-cpsS FXn¿\ym-b-Øn\v Ah≥ adp-]Sn \¬Ip∂p (Corley, Vaughan, Ramans, pp. 37-39) .

80

1. H∂m-asØ tNmZyw, sblq-Z\p bmsXmcp hnti-j-X-bp-an-√tbm? (hm. 1˛2)

2. c≠m-asØ tNmZyw, Nne sblq-Z-∑m¿ Ahn-iz-kvX-cm-bn-Øo¿∂-Xp-sIm≠v ssZh-h-N\w \njv^-

e-ambn Xo¿t∂m? (hm. 3˛4)

3. aq∂m-asØ tNmZyw, ssZhw Xs‚ kz`m-hsØ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ sblq-Z-∑msc D]-tbm-Kn-s®-

¶n¬ sblq-Z-∑m¿ Ct∏mgpw \nb-a-]-c-ambn DØ-c-hm-Zn-I-fmtWm (hm. 5˛8)?

C. D]-kw-lmcw 2:11 te°p aS-ßn-t∏m-Ip-∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ ]°¬ apJ-]£w C√. kIe a\p-jycpw

Xßƒ°p e`n® shfn-®-Øn¬ \n∂pw ({]-Ir-Xn-bnse shfn-∏mSv/{]tXyI shfn-∏mSv) A-I∂p Pohn-

®-Xn\v ssZh-tØmSp IW°p t_m[n-∏n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

D. hm. 9˛18 ¬ sblq-Zs‚ ]m]sØ {]Jym-]n-°p∂ ].-\n. D≤-c-Wn-I-fpsS ]c-ºc Xs∂ ImWmw.

E. hm. 19˛20, bn{km-tb-ens‚ BflnI Ah-ÿbpw ]g-b-\n-b-a-Øns‚ Dt±-iyhpw kw{K-ln-°p∂p (H.-

t\m. Kem. 3)

F. hm. 2˛31, 1:18˛3:20 s‚ kw£n-]vX-amWv. kphn-ti-j-Øns‚ H∂m-asØ ssZh-imkv{X t]mbn‚m-WXv

(lr-kzcq]tcJ ImWp-I, t]. 2)

]Z, ssieo ]T\w

tdma¿ 3:1˛81F∂m¬ sblqZ∂p F¥p hntijX? A√, ]cnt—Z\bm¬ F¥p {]tbmP\w? kIe-

hn[Ønepw hfsc D≠p; 2H∂maXp ssZhØns‚ Acpf∏mSpIƒ AhcpsS ]°¬ ka¿∏n®ncn-

°p∂Xp Xt∂. 3Nne¿ hnizkn®n√ F¶n¬ AhcpsS AhnizmkØm¬ ssZhØns‚ hn

izkvXsX°p \o°w hcptam? 4Hcp\mfpw C√. ""\ns‚ hm°pIfn¬ \o \oXoIcn °s∏Sphm\pw,

\ns‚ \ymbhnkvXmcØn¬ Pbn∏m\pw'' F∂p FgpXnbncn°p∂Xpt]mse ssZhw kXyhm≥,

kIe a\pjycpw t`mjv°p ]dbp∂h¿ Ft∂ hcq. 5F∂m¬ \ΩpsS A\oXn ssZhØns‚

\oXnsb {]kn≤am°p∂p F¶n¬ \mw F¥p ]dbpw? in£ \SØp∂ ssZhw \oXnbn√mØh≥

Ft∂m?˛ Rm≥ am\pjcoXnbn¬ ]dbp∂p˛ Hcp\mfpa√; 6As√¶n¬ ssZhw temIsØ Fßs\

hn[n°pw? 7ssZhØns‚ kXyw Fs‚ t`mjv°n\m¬ Ahs‚ alXzØn\mbn A[nIw sXfnhmbn

F¶n¬ Fs∂ ]m]n F∂p hn[n°p∂Xp F¥p? 8\√Xp htc≠Xn∂p XobXp sNbvI F∂p

]dbcptXm? Rßƒ Aßs\ ]dbp∂p F∂p Nne¿ Rßsf Zpjn®p]dbp∂pht√m. Ch¿°p

hcp∂ in£mhn[n \oXnbp≈Xp Xt∂.

3:1 ""sblq-Z\p F¥p hnti-jX?'' ]usemkv XpS¿∂p Xs‚ ktμiw hn\n-abw sNøp-∂-Xn-\mbn Ubm-

ss{S_v AYhm FXn¿hmZw D∂-bn-°p∂ Hcp km¶-ev]nI hy‡nsb D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ kt¶Xw D]-tbm-Kn-

°p-∂p. sblqZmP\-Øns‚ hnti-j-X-I-fpsS ]´n-Ibv°v 3:12; 9:4˛-5 ImWp-I. ]usemkv Cu JfinI 9˛11

A[ym-b-ß-fn¬ hnI-kn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v.

3:2 ""H∂m-aXv'' 1:8 ¬ ""BZyw'' F∂ ]Zw ]usemkv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p≠v, F¶nepw c≠m-a-tØXv F¥msW∂v

AhnsS ]d-bp-∂n-√. Chn-sSbpw Aßs\Xs∂ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. ]usem-kns‚ Fgp-Øp-Iƒ Xo£vWX

\nd-™Xpw H∏w ]d-™p-sIm-SpØv Fgp-Xn-°p-∂XpamI-bm¬ ]e-t∏mgpw Ahs‚ hymI-cW coXn-Iƒ

A]q¿Wambn-cp-∂p.

""ssZh-Øns‚ Acp-f-∏m-Sp-Iƒ Ah-cpsS ]°¬ ka¿∏n-®n-cn-°p∂p'' ssZh-Øns‚ Acp-f-∏m-Sp-Iƒ

e`n-°pI F∂Xv ITn-\-amb DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xzhpw AtXm-sSm∏w D∂-X-amb ku`m-Ky-hp-amWv (H.-t\m. 9:4˛5).

Ah¿ ssZh-Ir-]-bpsS Krl-hn-Nm-c-I-∑m-cm-bn-cp∂p (`q-X-Im-e -I¿ΩWn {]tbm-Kw, H.-t\m. 1 sX . 2:4).

temKntbm¨ (logionlogionlogionlogionlogion ˛ A-cp-f-∏m-Sp-Iƒ) F∂ ]Z-amWv ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ hN-\sØ kqNn-∏n-°p-

hm≥ sk]v‰zPn‚n¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv (H.-t\m. kwJy. 24:4,16; Bh. 33:9; k¶o. 107:11; 119:67; sbi.

5:24; 28:13). AXv ]g-b-\n-b-asØ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. CtX A¿∞-Øn-emWv ]pXnb \nb-a-Ønepw AXp-]-tbm-

Kn-®n-´p-≈Xv (H.-t\m. {]hr. 7:38; F{_m. 5:12; 1 ]s{Xm. 4:11).

3:3

NASB, NKJV ""Nne¿ hniz-kn-®n√''

NRSV, NJB ""Nne¿ Ahn-iz-kvX-cmbn''

TEV ""Ah-cn¬ Nne¿ Ahn-iz-kvX-cmbn F¶n¬ F¥v''

81

CXv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv H∂p-In¬ hy‡n-I-fmb sblq-Zs‚ (1) Ahn-iz-kvX-Xtbm (2) btlm-h-bn-ep≈ hy‡n-

]-c-amb hnizm-k-Øns‚ Ipdthm BImw. ssZh-Øns‚ \ncp-]m-[n-I-amb hmKvZ-Ø-ßfpw (A-Xm. hoWp-

t]mb a\p-jy-h¿§-Øns‚ hos≠-Sp-∏v) a\p-jy≥ {]Xn-I-cn-°p-sa∂ tkm]m-[nI B⁄bpw XΩn¬ _p≤n-

]-c-ambn _‘n-∏n-°p-∂Xp {]bm-k-I-c-am-Wv. 9:4 se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw: DS-ºSn ImWp-I. F¶nepw

CsXmcp thZ-]p-kvXI sshcp-≤y-amWv (H.-t\m. 3:4˛5). ssZhw hniz-kvX-\m-Wv, Ahs‚ P\w Aßs\

As√-¶nepw (H.-t\m. tlmti. 1, 3; 2 Xnsam. 2:13).

""F¶n¬'' CXv Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚ ho£-W-Øn¬ kXy-am-btXm As√-¶n¬ Ahs‚ cN-\m-]-c-amb Dt±-

iy-Øn\p th≠n-bp-≈tXm Bb Hcp H∂mw-Xcw tkm]m-[nI hmN-I-am-Wv. hm. 5, 7 F∂n-hbpw H∂mw-Xcw

tkm]m-[nI hmN-I-ß-fm-Wv.-

hm. 3 s‚ hymI-cWw ""C√'' F∂ DØcw {]Xo-£n-°p-∂p.

""\o°w hcnI'' Xmsg sImSpØncn°p∂ {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw ImWp-I.

{]tXyI ]T\ hnjbw: \o°w hcn-I, Akm-[p-hm-IpI

(I-‰m¿sK-tbm)CXv (I-‰m¿sKtbm˛katargewkatargewkatargewkatargewkatargew) ]usem-kns‚ CjvS -]-Z-ß-fn-sem-∂m-Wv. Ah≥ Ipd-™Xv 25 {]mhiyw

CXp-]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≠v. F¶nepw AXn\v hnim-e-amb A¿∞-X-e-ß-fm-Wp-≈-Xv.

A. AXns‚ ASn-ÿm\ ]tZmev]Øn aqew B¿tKmkv (argojargojargojargojargoj) ¬ \n∂m-Wv. AXn-\¿∞w

1. \njv{In-b-amb

2. Ae-k-amb

3. D]-tbm-Kn-°mØ

4. D]-tbmK iq\y-amb

5. {]h¿Ø\ cln-X-amb

B. Im‰m (katakatakatakatakata) tN¿∂ kwbp‡w Xmsg-°m-Wp∂ Imcy-ßƒ kqNn-∏n-°m-\p-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p

1. \njv{In-bXzw

2. D]-tbm-K-iq-\yX

3. Akm-[p-hm-°nb Imcyw

4. \o°n-°-f™ Imcyw

5. ]q¿Æ-ambpw {]h¿Ø\ cln-X-amb Imcyw

C. eqs°m-kn¬ Hcp {]mhiyw CXv ^e-an-√mØXpw X¬^-e-ambn D]-tbmKiq\yhp-amb hr£-

sØ kqNn∏n°phm≥ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p≠v (H.-t\m. eqs°m. 13:7)

D. ]usemkv {]mY-anIamb c≠pcoXn-bn¬ CXns\ Be-¶m-cn-I-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p

1. a\p-jy\v i{Xp-X-bp≈ {]h¿Ø\ cln-X-amb Imcy-ßsf ssZhw \o°p-∂p

a. a\p-jys‚ ]m]-{]-IrXn ˛ tdma. 6:6

b. ssZh-Øns‚ ""k¥-Xn-bpsS'' hmKvZ-Ø-tØm-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬ tamssiI \ymb-{]-amWw

˛ tdma. 4:14; Kem. 3:17; 5:4,11; Fs^. 2:15

c. BflnI i‡n-Iƒ ˛ 1 sImcn. 15:24

d. ""A[¿Ω-aq¿Øn'' ˛ 2 sX . 2:8

e. imco-cnI acWw ˛ 1 sImcn. 15:26; 2 Xnsam. 1:16; (F-{_m. 2:14)

2. ssZhw ]pXn-b-Xn-\p-th≠n ]g-b-Xns\ (\n-b-a-sØ) \o°p∂p

a. tamssiI \ymb-{]-am-W-tØmSp _‘-s∏´h ˛ tdma. 3:3,31; 4:14; 2 sImcn. 3:7,11,13,14

b. \ymb-{]-am-W-sØ-°p-dn®v hnhm-l-km-Zriyw D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p ˛ tdma. 7:2,6

c. Cu Ime-Ønse Imcy-ßƒ ˛ 1 sImcn. 13:8,10,11

d. Cu icocw ˛ 1 sImcn. 6:13

e. Cu Ime-Ønse {]am-Wn-Iƒ ˛ 1 sImcn. 1:28; 2:6

Cu hm°v \nc-h[n hyXykvX am¿§-ß-fn¬ ]cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂p F¶nepw AXns‚ apJy

A¿∞w H∂ns\ D]-tbmKiq\yhpw C√m-bvabpw Akm-[phpw {]h¿Ø\cln-Xhpw i‡n-lo-\hpw

B°pI F∂-Xm-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v AXv \ne-\n¬°p-∂n-s√t∂m \in-∏n-°-s∏-s´t∂m D∑q-e\w sNø-

s∏-s´t∂m A¿∞-an-√.

""ssZh-Øns‚ hniz-kvXX'' Cu kXyw (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 1:9; 10:13; 2 sImcn. 1:18) Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ ssZhnI

82

Imcy-ß-fn-ep≈ a\p-jys‚ B{i-b-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\amWv (H.-t\m. Bh. 7:9; sbi. 49:7).

1. am‰-an-√mØ kz`mhw

2. \nXy-amb hmKvZ-Ø-ßƒ

Ah≥ Xs∂Øs∂ krjvSn-bnepw shfn-∏m-Snepw DS-ºSn-bnepw ain-lm-bnepw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-

∂p. a\p-jys‚ Ahn-iz-kvX-X-bpsS a[y-Ønepw Ah≥ hniz-kvX-\m-bn- ]m¿°p∂p (H.-t\m. 2 Xnsam. 2:13)!

3:4

NASB ""Hcn-°epw Aßs\ BIm-Xn-cn-°s´''

NKJV, TEV ""Xo¿®-bmbpw C√''

NRSV ""Hcp Imc-W-h-imepw C√''

NJB ""AXv Akw-_-‘-am-bn-cn°pw''

CXv A\p-hm-ZI {Inbm-cq-]-Øns‚ A]q¿Δ D]-tbm-K-am-Wv. Hcp B{Klw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂tXm As√-

¶n¬ Hcp {]m¿∞-\tbm Bb Cu {]tbmKw ""Hcn-°epw Aßs\ BIm-Xn-cn-°s´'' F∂p ]cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-

Ømw. CsXmcp F{_mb ssiensb kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-Imw. ""AXn-i-bn-∏n-°p∂ Ahn-izmkw'' F∂ Cu

{]tbmKw ]usemkv IqsS-°qsS D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-≠v. ImcWw Ahs‚ kmln-Xy-k-t¶Xw Ubmss{S_v

BWv (H.-t\m. 3:4,6,31; 6:2,15; 7:7,13; 9:14; 11:1; 1 sImcn. 6:15; Kem. 2:17; 3:21; 6:14). \nK-a\w F∂p Icp-Xm-hp∂

H∂ns\ i‡-ambn \ntj-[n-°p∂Xn\p≈ ]usem-kns‚ am¿§-am-Wn-Xv.

km¶-ev]nI FXn-cm-fn-bpsS tNmZy-ß-sfbpw {]kvXm-h-\-I-sfbpw \ntj-[n-°p-∂-Xn\v ]usemkv D]-

tbm-Kn-°p∂ kmlnXy am¿§-ßƒ {i≤n-°p-I.

1. ""Hcp \mfpw C√'' hm. 4,6

2. ""ssZhw kXy-hm≥, kIe a\p-jycpw t`mjvIp ]d-bp-∂-h¿ Ft∂ hcq,'' hm. 4

3. ""Rm≥ a\p-jy-co-Xn-bn¬ ]d-bp∂p,'' hm. 5

4. ""Rßƒ Aßs\ ]d-bp∂p F∂v Nne¿ Rßsf Zpjn-®p-]-d-bp-∂p-ht√m,'' hm. 8

""Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse'' B£-cn-I-ambn ""Fgp-X-s∏- Xpw XpS¿∂p Fgp-X-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂Xpw t]mse''

CXv ]q¿Æ I¿ΩWn kqN-I-am-Wv. Xncp-sh-gp-Øns‚ ssZh\n-izm-ko-b-Xsb Du∂n-∏-d-bp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Hcp

kmt¶-XnI ssien-bmbn CXp amdn (H.-t\m. aØm. 5:17˛19). k¶o. 51:4 s‚ sk]v‰z-Pn‚n¬ \n∂p≈ D≤-c-

Wn-sb-bm-WnXv Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂-Xv.

""ssZhw kXy-hm≥ kIe a\p-jycpw t`mjvIp ]d-bp-∂-h¿ Ft∂-hcq'' CsXmcp h¿Ø-am\ Ime

a[y -hn-[n-cq-]-am-Wv. hnj-b-Øns‚ XpS¿kz-`m-h-Øn-em-WnXv {i≤ tI{μo-I-cn-°p-∂Xv; AXm-bXv ssZhw

k-Xy-hm\pw hniz-kvX\pw (1:18 se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw ImWp-I) a\p-jy≥ Ahn-iz-kvXcpw t`mjvIp

]d-bp-∂-hcpw. CXv k¶o. 116:11 s‚ kqN-\bpw Ctøm. 32:2; 40:8 ¬ Ctøm_v ]Tn® ]mT-Øn\p kam-\-hp-

amWv.

]mkv (pajpajpajpajpaj˛F-√mw, Hmtcm) F∂ KXn-bpsS D]-tbm-K-Øn-eqsS ]usemkv {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p∂ ]m]m-h-ÿ-

bpsS km¿Δ-eu-In-IXzw Cu A≤ym-b-Øn¬ {i≤n-°pI (hm. 4,9,12,20,23,24). H∏w kIe¿°pap≈ c£-

bpsS km¿ΔeuInI hmKvZm-\hpw \¬I-s∏-Sp∂p F∂-Xn¬ ssZh-Øn\p kvtXm{Xw (H.-t\m. 3:22)!

3:5˛6 Cu hmIy-ß-fn¬ ]usemkv D∂-bn-°p∂ hmZw temI-sØ -k-‘n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Xs‚ am¿§sa∂

\ne-bn¬ ssZhw bn{km-tb-ens\ {]tXy-I-ambn Xnc-s™SpØXn-t\mSp _‘-s∏-´p-≈-XmWv (H.-t\m. Dev].

12:3; ]pd. 19:5-˛6). ]gb \nb-a-Øn¬ ""Xncs™Sp∏v'' ip{iq-jsb ]c-am¿in-°p-∂-XmWv. A√msX {]tXyI

]Z-hnsb A√. ssZhw Ah-cp-ambn Hcp DS-ºSn sNbvXp. Ah≥ hniz-kvX-\m-bn-cp-∂p. Ah¿ Ahn-izkvX-

cmbn (H.-t\m. s\sl. 9). Ahn-iz-kvXcmb bn{km-tb-eysc ssZhw \ymbw hn[n®p F∂ hkvXpX Ahs‚

\oXn°p sXfn-hm-Wv.

bn{km-tb-en-s\-°p-dn®v Dt±-in-®n-cp-∂Xv Ah¿ PmXn-Isf _‘n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Hcp am¿Kw F∂ \ne-

bn-em-bn-cp∂p. Ah¿ ]cm-P-b-s∏´p (H.-t\m. 3:24)! km¿Δ-eu-InI c£ F∂ ssZhn-tIm-t±iyw (H.t\m

Dev]. 3:15) bn{km-tb-ens‚ ]cm-P-b-Øm¬ _m[n-°-s∏-´n-√. hmkvX-h-Øn¬, Xs‚ BZy DS-º-Sn-tbm-Sp≈

ssZh-Øns‚ hniz-kvXX tdma. 9˛11 ¬ ÿnco-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Ahn-iz-kn® bn{km-tb-ens\ X≈n-°-f™p

F¶nepw Hcp hniz-kn-°p∂ bn{km-tb¬ ssZh-Øns‚ hos≠-Sp-∏n≥ ]≤Xn ]q¿Øo-I-c-W-Øn-se-Øn-

°pw.

hm. 5˛6 se ]usem-kns‚ Ubm-ss{S-_ns‚ kam-¥cw hm. 7˛8¬ ImWmw.

3:5 ""F∂m¬ \ΩpsS A\oXn ssZh-Øns‚ \oXnsb {]kn≤am-°p-∂p'' ""\ΩpsS'' F∂ Cu k¿Δ-\m-

aw, kIe sblq-Z-∑m-scbpw kqNn-∏n°p∂ A¿∞-Øn-emWv D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. 1:17 se {]tXyI ]T\

hnjbw ImWp-I.

""F¶n¬'' Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚ ho£-W-Øn¬ kXyambtXm As√-¶n¬ Ahs‚ cN-t\m-t±-iy-Øn-\p-th-

83

≠n-bp-≈tXm Bb H∂mw Xcw tkm]m-[nI hmN-I-am-Wn-Xv. hm. 3, hm. 7 F∂n-hbpw H∂mw Xcw tkm]m-

[nI hmN-I-ß-fm-Wv.

""\mw F¥p-]-dbpw'' ]usemkv Ct∏mgpw Ubm-ss{S_v D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p (H.-t\m. 3:5; 7:7; 8:31; 9:14,39).

Hcp km¶-ev]nI {]Xn-hm-Znsb D]-tbm-Kn-®p-sIm≠v Xs‚ hmZ-ap-JsØ ]usemkv hy‡-am-°p∂p (H.-t\m.

aem. 1:2,6,7,12,13; 2:14,17 [2 {]mh-iyw] 3:7, 13,14).

NASB ""(Rm≥ a\p-j-co-Xn-bn¬ ]d-bp∂p)''

NKJV ""(Rm≥ a\p-jy-s\-t∏mse kwkm-cn-°p∂p)''

NRSV ""(Rm≥ am\p-jnI hgn-bn¬ kwkm-cn-°p∂p)''

TEV ""(Rm≥ ChnsS Hcp a\p-jy≥ kwkmcn°p∂Xpt]mse kwkm-cn-°p∂p)''

NJB ""˛Hcp am\p-jnI kmZriyw D]-tbm-Kn-®m¬˛''

]usemkv Xs‚ ssZh-imkv{X hmZØn¬ an°-t∏mgpw am\p-jnI bp‡n D]-tbm-Kn-°m-dp≠v (H.-t\m.

6:19; 1 sImcn. 9:8; Kem. 3:15). ChnsS AXv, km¶-ev]nI {]Xn-hm-Zn-bpsS hmZ-ßsf X≈n-°-f-bp-∂-Xn-\p≈

am¿§-am-bn-´mWv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv.

3:7˛8 hm. 5 \pw hm. 7 \pw XΩn¬ Hcp kam-¥-cXzw hy‡-amWv (c≠pw Fbv sU (ei deei deei deei deei de) ¬ BWm-cw-`n-

°p-∂-Xv) ]usemkv H∂p-In¬

1. Hcp km¶-ev]nI {]Xn-hm-Znsb D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ Ubm-ss{S_v F∂ sSIv\nIv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xp XpS-

cp-∂p (H.-t\m. 3:5,7; 7:7; 8:31; 9:14,30) As√-¶n¬

2. Xs‚ hnizm-k-Øm¬˛am{X-ap≈˛\oXo-I-cW {]kw-K-Øn-s\-Xn-cmb hna¿i-\sØ X≈n-°-f-bp∂p

(H.t\m. hm. 8)

Btcm-]-W-Øn\p hni-Zo-I-cWw \¬Ip-Itbm adp-]Sn ]d-bp-Itbm sNømsX Btcm-]-WsØ Ip‰-

s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bmWp ]usemkv sNøp-∂-Xv. hnizm-k-Øm-ep≈ A¿l-X-bn-√m-ØXpw kuP-\y-hp-amb \oXo-

I-cWw \nb-a-cm-ln-Xy-Øn-tet°m As√-¶n¬ IqSp-X¬ Ahn-iz-kvX-amb A\p-k-c-W-t°-Sn-tet°m \bn°pw

F∂-Xm-bn-cn°mw AXn-s\-Xn-cmb Btcm-]-Ww. kuP-\y-Ir-], ]pXnb Bflmhpw \μn-bp≈ Pohn-X-hpw -ap-

tJ\ {InkvXpkmZriy Pohn-X-Øn-te°p \bn-°p-sa∂p ]usemkv hniz-kn-®p. sblq-Z-∑m-cpw {Ko°v [m¿ΩnI

hmZn-Ifpw ]usemkpw F√mw Ah-cpsS hnizm-kn-I-fn¬ \n∂pw [m¿ΩnI PohnXw {]Xo-£n®p. F∂m¬

AXp-≠m-Ip-∂Xv Hcp _mly-amb \nb-a-kw-ln-X-tbmSp XmZm-fly-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-eq-sS-b-√, adn®v Hcp ]pXnb

lrZbw, ]pXn-b a\ v, ]pXnb Bflmhv F∂nh e`n-°p-∂-Xn-eq-sS-bmWv (H.-t\m. bnsc. 31:31˛34; sbsl.

36:22-˛36).

3:7 ""Ahs‚ alXzw'' 3:23 s‚ Ipdn∏v ImWp-I.

""A[nIw'' 15:13 se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw ImWp-I.


th≠n-bp-≈tXm Bb H∂mwXcw tkm]m-[nI hmN-I-am-Wv.

tdma¿ 3:9˛189BIbm¬ F¥p? \ap°p hntijXbpt≠m? Atijan√; sblqZ∑mcpw bh\∑mcpw

Hcpt]mse ]m]Øn≥ IogmIp∂p F∂p \mw apsº sXfnbn®pht√m; 10""\oXnam≥ Bcpan√. Hcp-

Ø≥ t]mepan√. 11{Kln°p∂h≥ C√, ssZhsØ At\zjn°p∂h\pw C√. 12F√mhcpw hgnsX‰n

Hcpt]mse sIm≈cpXmØhcmbnØo¿∂p; \∑ sNøp∂h\n√, HcpØ≥t]mepw C√. 13AhcpsS

sXm≠ Xpd∂ ih°pgn; \mhpsIm≠p Ah¿ NXn°p∂p; k¿∏hnjw AhcpsS A[cßƒ°p

Iosg D≠p. 14AhcpsS hmbn¬ im]hpw ssI∏pw \nd™ncn°p∂p. 15AhcpsS Im¬ c‡w

sNmcnhm≥ _≤s∏Sp∂p. 16\mihpw Acn„Xbpw AhcpsS hgnIfn¬ D≠p. 17kam[m\am¿§w

Ah¿ Adn™n´n√. 18AhcpsS Zr„nbn¬ ssZh`bw C√'' F∂nßs\ FgpXnbncn°p∂pht√m.

3:9 ""\ap°p hnti-j-X-bpt≠m?'' Cu L´-Ønse hymI-cWw Zp¿{K-l-am-Wv. Cu `mKsØ {][m\ kXyw

kIe a\p-jycpw ssZh-Ir] Bh-iy-ap≈hcm-sW-∂-XmWv (H.-t\m. 3:9,19,23; 11:32; Kem. 3:22). F¶nepw

Chn-SpsØ {]tXyI ]cm-a¿iw sblqZs\°p-dn-®mtWm (]u-semkpw Ahs‚ hwi-°mcpw H.-t\m. TEV,RSV), AtXm {InkvXym-\n-I-sf-°p-dn-®mtWm (]u-semkpw ssZh-Ir-]-bn¬ \n∂pw AI-∂p-t]mb Ahs‚

kl-hn-izm-kn-I-fpw) F∂p hy‡-a-√. sblq-Z\pw Nne sa®-ß-fp≠v (H.-t\m. hm. 1˛2; 9:4˛5). F¶nepw Cu

sa®-ßƒ Ahsc IqSp-X¬ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ßƒ- D≈hcm-°n-Øo¿°p∂p (H.-t\m. eqs°m. 12:48). kIe

a\p-jycpw Bfln-I-ambn \jvS-s∏-´-hcpw ssZh-Ir-]- B-h-iy-ap-≈-h-cp-am-Wv.

84

""hnti-jX'' F∂ ]ZsØ Hcp sNdnb Iq´w ]fin-X-∑m¿ I¿ΩWn {]tbm-K-am-bn-´mWv a\- n-em-°p-∂Xv

AXm-bXv ""AXy-[nIw D∂Xw'' As√-¶n¬ ""Hcp t\´-hp-an-√mØ.''

]usem-kns‚ teJ-\-ß-fn¬ {]mtZ-in-I-ambn G‰hpw \njv]-£-am-b-XmWv tdmam teJ\w F∂p

]dbmdp≠v. ]usem-kns‚ an° teJ-\ßfpw Hcp {]mtZ-inI Bh-iysØ As√-¶n¬ {]Xn-k-‘nsb

]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂-XmWv (km-μ¿`nI tcJ-Iƒ). F∂n-cp-∂mepw tdmam k`-bnse hnizm-kn-I-fmb sblqZm

t\Xr-Xz-hpw hnizm-kn-I-fmb PmXob t\Xr-Xzhpw XΩn¬ \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ Akqb Bbn-cn-°mw 1˛3, 9˛11

A[ym-b-ß-fpsS ]›m-Ø-ew.

""sblq-Z-∑mcpw bh-\-∑mcpw Hcp-t]mse ]m]-Øn≥ Iogn-em-Ip∂p F∂p \mw apsº sXfn-bn-®p-h-

t√m'' Cu {Inb (`q-X-Im-e -a-[y (Unt]m-W‚ v) kqNIw) ]pXnb \nb-a-Øn¬ ChnsS am{Xta ImWp-∂p-

≈q. ]usemkv 1:18˛2:29 se Xs‚ hmZw XpS-cp-I-bm-Wv.

""]m]-Øn≥Iogv'' ]usemkv ""]m]sØ'' hoWp-t]mb a\p-jy-h¿§-Øn-s‚-ta-ep≈ Hcp {Iqc-\mb Dugnb

hnNm-c-I-\mbn Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p∂p (Jerome Bible commentary P. 300) (H.-t\m. 6:16:23).

3:10˛18 ""Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂p-ht√m'' hm. 4 epw Cu {]tbmKw ImWmw. ap-I-fn¬ sImSpØn-cn-°p∂ {]kvXm-

h-\-Iƒ, a\p-jy-s‚ hogvNsb Du∂n-∏-d-bp-∂-Xn-\mbn a\p-jy-i-co-c-Øns‚ kmZr-iyßƒ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p≈

]g-b-\n-ba D≤-c-Wn-I-fm-Wv.

1. hm. 10˛12, k`m. 7:20; AYhm k¶o. 14:1˛3

2. hm. 13, k¶o. 5:9; 140:3

3. hm. 14, k¶o. 10:7

4. hm. 15˛17, sbi. 59:7˛8; kZr. 1:16

5. hm. 18, k¶o. 36:1

]usemkv sbi. 53:6 D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂n√ F∂Xv AXn-i-b-I-c-am-Wv.

tdma¿ 3:19˛2019\ymb{]amWw ]dbp∂Xp F√mw \ymb{]amWØn≥ Iogp≈htcmSp {]kvXmhn°p∂p F∂p

\mw Adnbp∂p. Aßs\ GXp hmbpw AS™p k¿ΔtemIhpw ssZhk∂n[nbn¬ in£m

tbmKyambnØotc≠Xt{X. 20AXpsIm≠p \ymb{]amWØns‚ {]hrØnIfm¬ Hcp PUhpw

Ahs‚ k∂n[nbn¬ \oXoIcn°s∏SpIbn√; \ymb{]amWØm¬ ]m]Øns‚ ]cn⁄m\at{X

hcp∂Xp.

3:19 ""\ymb-{]-amWw'' Cu kμ¿`-Øn¬ CXv apgp-h≥ ]gb -\nba sØbpw BWp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv (H.-

t\m. hm. 21). ImcWw hm. 10˛18 ¬ ImWp-∂ D≤-c-Wn-Iƒ ]©-{K-Ÿ-Øn\p ]pd-Øp-\n-∂p-≈-h-bm-Wv.

""]m]w'' F∂Xp kqNn-∏n-®Xp t]mse Xs∂ Ah≥ ""\ymb-{]-am-WsØ'' bpw Bf-Ø-]-c-ambn ]cma¿in-

°p∂p (H.-t\m. 6:16˛23).

""\ymb-{]-am-W-Øn≥ Io-gp-≈-h-tcmSv'' CXv sblq-Z-∑m-scbpw sblqZ aXm-\p-km-cn-I-sfbpw am{X-am-

Wv kqNn∏n°p∂Xv. D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂ ].-\n. D≤-c-Wn-I-fn¬ \nc-h[n FÆw PmXn-Isf Ah-cpsS bYm¿∞

]›m-Ø-e-Øn-emWv ]c-am¿in-®n-cn-°p-∂-sX∂v Hm¿°-Ww. kIe a\p-jycpw ]m]n-I-fmWv (H.-t\m. 3:23).

""\mw Adn-bp∂p'' 2:2 s‚ Ipdn∏p ImWp-I.

NASB ""GXp hmbpw AS™pw k¿Δ-tem-Ihpw ssZh-tØmSp IW°p t_m[n-∏n-t°-≠Xpw BtI-

≠-Xn\v''

NKJV ""GXp hmbpw XS-b-s∏´v k¿Δ-tem-Ihpw ssZh-ap-ºmsI Ip‰-°mcpw BtI-≠-Xn\v''

NRSV ""GXp hmbpw \ni-_vZ-am-°-s∏´v apgp-tem-Ihpw ssZh-tØmSv IW°p t_m[n-∏n-°p-amdv

\n¬t°-≠-Xn\v''

TEV ""kIe am\p-jnI Hgn-I-gn-hp-Ifpw \n¿Øem°-s∏-tS-≠-Xn\pw apgp-tem-I-sØbpw ssZhnI

\ymb-hn-[n°p Iogn¬ sIm≠phtc-≠-Xn\pw''

NJB ""F∂m-eXv F√m-h-scbpw \ni-_vZ-cm-°p-hm\pw apgp-tem-IsØbpw ssZhnI \ymb-hn-[n°p

tbmKy-cm-°n-Øo¿t°-≠-Xn-\p-as{X''

CXmWv 3:23 ¬ kw{K-ln-®n-cn-°p∂ 1:18˛-3:20 hscbp≈ `mK-Øns‚ apJy-hn-j-bw.

""GXp hmbpw'' kIe a\p-jy-h¿§-sØbpw kqNn-∏n-°p-I∂ \nc-h[n {]tbm-K-ßƒ hm. 19˛20 ¬ D≠v

1. ""GXp hmbpw,'' hm. 19

2. ""k¿Δ-tem-Ihpw,'' hm. 19

3. ""Hcp PUhpw,'' hm. 20

85

3:20 ""AXp-s-Im≠v \ymb-{]-am-W-Øns‚ {]hr-Øn-I-fm¬ Hcp PUhpw Ahs‚ k∂n-[n-bn¬ \oXo-I-

cn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bn√'' k¶o. 143:2 s‚ Hcp kqN-\-bm-WnXv (C-tøm. 4:17; 9:2; 25:4; k¶o. 130:3; kZr. 20:9; k`m.

7:20; 1 cmPm. 8:46; 2 Zn\. 6:36 F∂n-hbpw ImWp-I). F¶nepw AXn-t\m-sSm∏w Hcp {]mcw` hmN-Ihpw

tN¿Øn-´p-≠v. ]usem-kns‚ kp-hn-ti-j-Øns‚ Hcp apJy-L-S-I-am-WnXv (H.-t\m. Kem. 2:16; 3:11). ka¿∏n-X-

\mb Hcp ]co-i≥ F∂ \ne-bn¬, B¥-cnI kam-[m\w \¬Im≥ aX-Xo-£vW-Xbv°pw anI® {]I-S-\-

Øn-\p-ap≈ Ign-hn-√m-bva-sb-∏‰n ]usemkv \∂mbn Adn-™n-cp-∂p.

""PUw'' F∂-Xn\v 1:3 se {]tXyI ]T\ hnjbw ImWpI.

NASB,NRSV ""\ymb-{]-am-W-Øm¬ ]m]-Øns‚ ]cn-⁄m-\-as{X hcp-∂Xv''

NKJV ""\ymb-{]-amWw ]m]-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ ⁄m\-amWv''

TEV ""\ymb-{]-amWw sNøp-∂Xv a\p-jys\ Ah≥ sNbvX ]m]-sØ-°p-dn®v Adnhp \¬IpI

F∂-XmWv''

NJB ""\ymb-{]-amWw BsI sNøp-∂Xv, F¥mWp ]m]-Icw Ft∂mSp \tΩmSp ]d-bp-I-bmWv''

CXmWv ]gb \nbaØns‚ Dt±-iy-ß-fn-sem∂v. 13:9 se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw ImWp-I. hoWp-t]mb

a\p-jy-h¿§-Øn\p c£ \¬Ip-hm≥ Hcn-°epw \ym{]amWsØ-°p-dn®v Dt±-in-®n-´n-√. AXns‚ Dt±iyw

]m]m-h-ÿsb shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw kIe a\p-jy-scbpw btlm-h-bpsS Icp-W-bn-te°v HmSn-s®√phm≥

t{]cn∏n°p-Ibpw sNøpI F∂-XmWv (H.-t\m. 4:15; 5:13,20; 7:7; Kem. 3:19˛22, 23˛29).









1. sblq-Z-∑m-cpsS Ahn-iz-kvXX Fß-s\-bmWv ssZhnI hmKvZ-ØsØ _m[n-°p-∂Xv (3:3-˛4)?

2. sblq-Z-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v ssZh-ap-ºmsI Fs¥-¶nepw t\´-apt≠m (3:1˛8)?

3. hm. 5˛8 se Hcp km¶ev]nI {]XnhmZnsb D]tbmKn°p∂Xns‚ (Ubm-ss{S_v) Bibw F¥mWv?

4. \oXo-I-cWw {]hrØn-bm-e-√, hnizmkw aqew Ir]-bm-em-sW-¶n¬ Hcp-h≥ Fßs\ Pohn-°p∂p

F∂Xp hnj-b-amtWm (3:8)?

5. F¥mWv kºq¿Æ hgn-sX-‰¬ (Im¬hn≥) F∂ ssZh-imkv{X Bibw (H.t\m. 3:10˛18)?

6. tamssiI \ymb-{]-am-W-Øns‚ As√-¶n¬ s]mXp-hn-ep≈ {]am-W-Øns‚ Dt±-iy-sa-¥mWv (H.t\m.

3:20; Kem. 3:24˛25)?

7. a\p-jys‚ \jvS-s∏´ Ahÿ hnh-cn-°p∂ A. 1˛3 ¬ kmØm-s\-°p-dn®p ]c-am¿in-°m-Ø-sX-¥p-

sIm≠v?

tdma¿ 3:21˛31 s‚ ]›m-Øe Dƒ°m-gvN-Iƒ

A. tdma¿ 3:21˛31

1. 1:18-˛3:20 s‚ Imem-\p-krX kw{Klw

2. 1:16˛17 s‚ hn]p-eo-I-cWw

3. A. 4˛8 \p≈ apJ-hpc ({]-tXy-Im¬ 3:28)

B. hnizmkw aqew Ir]-bm-ep≈ \oXo-I-cW D]-tZ-i-Øns‚ Imem-\p-krX kw{Klw \ho-I-cW I¿Øm-

°-fmWv th¿Xn-cn®p a\-kn-em-°n-b-Xv.

1. am¿´n≥ eqY¿ ""teJ-\-Øn-s‚bpw apgp-ss_-_n-fn-s‚bpw apJy-hn-j-bhpw tI{μ-ÿm-\hpw''

2. tPm¨ Im¬hn≥, ""{InkvXp-hn-ep≈ ssZhnI \oXnsb C{Xbpw ASn-ÿm\]cambn apt∂m´p

hbv°p∂ as‰mcp thZ-`m-Khpw ss__n-fnen√''

C. kphn-tij hnlnX {InkvXym-\n-Xz-Øns‚ ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-amb kØ-bm-Wn-Xv. Cu kμ¿`w a\-

86

n-em-°p-∂Xv {InkvXym-\nXzw Hcp hmIy-Øn¬ HXp-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse kphn-tijw c≠p

JfinI kw{K-l-Øn-sem-Xp-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wn-Xv. ]usem-kns‚ kphn-tij Ah-X-c-W-Øns‚

lrZ-bhpw Bflmhpw BWn-Xv.

aq∂v hymJym\ tNmZyßƒ ChbmWv

1. ""\ymb-{]-amWw'' F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ A¿∞w F¥mWv?

2. ""ssZh-Øns‚ \oXn'' F∂ {]tbm-K-Øns‚ A¿∞-sa-¥mWv?

3. ""hnizmkw,'' ""hniz-kn-°pI'' F∂o ]Z-ß-fpsS A¿∞-sa-¥mWv?

D. hm. 21 se ""F√m-h¿°pw'' (H.-t\m. hm. 29), hm. 24 se ""kuP\yw'' (H.-t\m. 5:15,17; 6:23) F∂ ]ZØn-

\p-ambn Rm≥ ssZh-Øn\p \μn ]d-bp-∂p.

]Z, -ssieo ]T\w

tdma¿ 3:21˛2621Ct∏mtgm ssZhØns‚ \oXn, hnizkn°p∂ F√mh¿°pw tbip{InkvXphn¶se

hnizmkØmep≈ ssZh\oXn Xt∂, \ymb{]amWw IqSmsX shfns∏´ph∂ncn°p∂p. 22AXn∂p

\ymb{]amWhpw {]hmNI∑mcpw km£yw ]dbp∂p. 23Hcp hyXymkhpan√; F√mhcpw ]m]w

sNbvXp ssZhtXP p C√mØhcmbnØo¿∂p, 24Ahs‚ Ir]bm¬ {In kvXptbiphn¶se

hos≠Sp∏paqew skuP\yambt{X \oXoIcn°s∏Sp∂ Xp. 25hnizkn°p∂h¿°p Ah≥ Xs‚

c‡waqew {]mb›nØamIphm≥ ssZhw Ahs\ ]ckyambn \ndpØnbncn°p∂p. ssZhw Xs‚

s]mdpabn¬ ap≥Ign™ ]m]ßsf in£n°msX hnSpI \nanØw Xs‚ \oXnsb {]Z¿in∏n∏m≥,26Xm≥ \oXnam\pw tbiphn¬ hnizkn°p ∂hs\ \oXoIcn°p∂h\pw BtI≠Xn∂p

C°meØp Xs‚ \oXnsb {]Z¿ in∏n∏m≥ Xt∂ Aßs\ sNbvXXp.

3:21 ""Ct∏mtgm'' ]usemkv ]gb DS-º-Snsb ]pXnb DS-º-Sn-tbmSpw ]gb bpKsØ \oXn-bpsS ]pXnb

bpK-tØmSpw Xmc-X-ay-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. B \nebv°v CXv ""C°m-eØv'' F∂-Xn\p kam-¥-c-amWv (H.-t\m. hm.

26; ""F∂m¬ Ct∏mƒ'' 6:22; ""Ct∏mtgm'' 7:22).

NASB ""ssZh-Øns‚ \oXn''

NKJV,NRSV ""ssZh-Øns‚ \oXn''

TEV ""BfpIsf Xt∂mSp \nc∏n°p∂ ssZhØns‚ hgn''

NJB ""ssZh-Øns‚ c£m-I-c-amb \oXn''

""\oXn'' F∂-Xn-t\mSp tN¿∂v hnth-N-I-t`ZIw C√. CXp ssZh-Øns‚ kz`m-hsØ A√ kqNn-∏n-°p-

∂-Xv, adn®v ]m]n-I-fmb a\p-jy-cp-sS-ta¬ Xs‚ ]m]-£-abpw AwKo-Im-chpw IW-°n-Sp-∂-Xn-\p≈ ssZh-

Øns‚ am¿§-sØ-bm-Wv. CtX {]tbmKw tdma. 1:16˛17 se ssZh-imkv{X hnj-b-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≠v.

hy‡-ambn shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏´ {]h¿Ø-\-co-Xn, {Iqin-°-s∏´ tbip-{In-kvXp-hn-ep≈ hnizm-k-am-Wv (H.-t\m.

hm. 22, 24-˛26).

Cu ]Zhpw (Un-°m-bn-tbm-skm-\o˛dikaiosonhdikaiosonhdikaiosonhdikaiosonhdikaiosonh) AXns‚ hI-t`-Z-ßfpw (2:13 s‚ Ipdn∏p ImWp-I) Cu

kμ¿`-Øn¬ IqsS-°qsS D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂ hkvXpX AXns‚ {]m[m-\ysØ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. (H.-

t\m. 1:17; 3:5,21,25,26; 4:3,5,6,9,11,13,22; 5:17,21; 6:13,16,18,19,20; 8:10; 9:28,30,31; 10:3,4,5,6,10,17). {Ko°v ]Zw Hcp ]g-b-

\n-ba \n¿ΩmW kmZr-iy-Øn¬ \n∂pw (‰vkZm-°v) h∂-Xm-Wv. ""Hcp \ne-hmcw'' As√-¶n¬ ""Af-hp-tIm¬''

(1:17 se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw ImWp-I). Af-hp-tIm¬ ssZhw Xs∂-bm-Wv. Cu ]Zw hoWp-t]mb a\p-

jy-h¿§-Øn\v {InkvXp-hn-eqsS kuP-\y-ambn \¬I-s∏´ ssZhnI kz`m-hsØ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p (H.-t\m.

A[ymbw 4; 2 sImcn. 5:21). Xß-fpsS Bhiyw AwKo-I-cn®v ssZhnI Zm\sØ kzoI-cn-°p-∂Xv Al-¶m-cn-

Ifpw kzb-˛-tI-{μo-Ir-X-cp-am-b -a-\p-jy¿°v ˛ hnti-jn®v \nb-a-hm-Zn-Ifpw aX-Xev]-c-cp-ambh¿°v ˛ A]-am-

\-I-c-am-Wv.

""\ymb-{]-amWw IqSmsX'' Cu {]mcw` A≤ym-b-ß-fn¬ ]usemkv ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂Xv tamssiI \ymb-

{]-am-W-sØ-°p-dn-®mtWm (NASB) AtXm s]mXp-hmb {]am-W-sØ-°p-dn-®mtWm (NRSV, TEV, NJB, NIV)F∂p \n¿Æ-bn-°p-I {]bm-k-I-c-am-Wv. Cu kμ¿`-Øn¬ sblq-Z -\ym-b-{]-am-W-amWv ]usem-kns‚ hmZ-

K-Xn°v G‰hpw A\p-tbm-Py-am-bn-´p-≈Xv. kI-e-a-\p-jycpw B¥-cn-Itam _mlytam Bb tcJ-Iƒ ewLn-

®p. hoWp-t]mb a\p-jy-h¿§w F∂ \ne-bn-ep≈ \ΩpsS {]iv\-ßƒ F∂Xv \ap°v \ΩpsS kzm¿∞hpw

kzb-tI-{μo-IrX B{K-l-ß-fp-amb {]am-W-ß-f√msX as‰mcp {]am-Whpw Bh-iy-an√ F∂-Xm-Wv (-H.-

87

t\m. Dev]. 3). AXmWv B[p-\nI ]m›m-Xy- hy-‡n-hm-Z-Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X.

""F√m-h¿°pw'' kphn-tijw kIe a\p-jy¿°pw D≈-XmWv (H.-t\m. hm. 24; sbi. 53:6; sbsl. 18:23,32;

tbml. 3:16,17; 4:42; 1 Xnsam. 2:4; 4:10; XosØm. 2:11; 2 ]s{Xm. 3:9; 1 tbml. 2:1; 4:14). F{X t{ijvT-amb

kXyw! CXv Xnc-s™-Sp∏v F∂ thZ-]p-kvX-I-k-XysØ k¥p-e-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ssZhnI Xnc-s™-

Sp∏v \n¿Æbw F∂ C…m-anI A¿∞-Øntem, Nnesc F∂ Im¬hn-\n-ÃnIv Xo{h -Nn-¥m-K-Xn-bntem

FSp°msX DS-ºSn A¿∞-Øn¬ thWw FSp-°m≥. ]gb \nba Xnc-s™-Sp∏v Hcp ]Z-hn-°p-th-≠n-b-√,

ip{iq-jbv°p th≠n-bm-bn-cp∂p! hoWp-t]mb a\p-jy-h¿§sØ hos≠-Sp-°m-sa∂p ssZhw hmKvZØw

sNbvXp (H.-t\m. Dev]. 3:15). ssZhw bn{km-tb-en-eqsS kIe a\p-jy-h¿§-sØbpw hnfn-°p-Ibpw Xnc-

s™-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp (H.-t\m. Dev]. 12:3; ]pd. 19:5˛6). ssZhw Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-∂Xv {InkvXp-hn-ep≈

hnizmkw apJm-¥-c-am-Wv. c£-bn¬ ssZh-amWv F√m-bvt]mgpw ap≥I-sø-Sp-°p-∂Xv (H.-t\m. tbml. 6:44,65).

ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-ambn AK-Ãn\pw Im¬hn\pw Du∂n-∏-d-™n-cp∂ ap≥\n-b-a\ D]-tZiw kw_-‘n®v i‡-

amb thZ-]p-kvXI `mK-ß-fmWv Fs^-ky¿ 1, tdma¿ 9 A[ym-b-ßƒ.

ssZhw -hn-izm-kn-Isf Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-∂Xv c£-bv°m-bn´p am{X-a√ (\o-Xo-I-c-Ww) hnip-≤o-I-c-W-Øn-

\pw-Iq-Sn- th-≠n-bmWv (H.-t\m. Fs^. 1:4; sImsem. 1:12). CXv _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv:

1. {InkvXp-hn-ep≈ \ΩpsS ÿm\w (H.-t\m. 2 sImcn. 5:21)

2. Xs‚ a°-fn¬ Ahs‚ kz`mhw ]p\-cp-ev]m-Zn-∏n-°m-\p≈ ssZh-Øns‚ B{Klw (H.-t\m. tdma.

8:28˛29; Kem. 4:19; Fs^. 2:10).

Xs‚ a°-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ ssZh-Øns‚ B{Klw Hcn-°¬ kz¿§hpw F∂m¬ Ct∏mƒ {InkvXpkmZr-

iyhpw BWv.

ap≥\n-b-a-\-Øns‚ e£yw hnip-≤n-bmWv (F-s^. 1:4) ]Z-hn-b√! ssZh-Øns‚ hnfn BZmay k¥-X-

bnse Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´ Nne¿°p am{X-ap-≈-X-√, adn®v F√m-h¿°p-ap-≈-Xm-Wv. ssZh-Øns‚ kz¥-kz-`m-

h-Øn-\p≈ hnfn-bm-WXv (H.-t\m. 1 sX . 5:23; 2 sX . 2:13). ap≥\n-b-a-\sØ hnip≤ Pohn-X-Øn\p

]Icw Hcp ssZh-imkv{X kn≤m-¥-am°n am‰p-∂-XmWv am\pjnI ssZh-imkv{X kwhn-[m-\-Øns‚ Zpc-

¥w. ]e-t∏mgpw \ΩpsS ssZh-imkv{X kwL-ßƒ thZ-]p-kvXI `mK-ßsf hf-s®m-Sn-°m-dp-≠v. 8:33 se

{]tXyI ]T\hnj-bw-: sXc-s™-Sp∏pw/ap≥\n-b-a-\hpw ssZh-imkv{X k¥p-e-\-Øns‚ Bh-iy-I-Xbpw

ImWp-I.

""hniz-kn-°p∂'' tbip acn-®Xv kIe a\p-jy¿°pw th≠n-bm-Wv. kmwK-Xy-]-c-ambn F√m-h¿°pw

c£n-°-s∏-Sp-hm≥ Ign-bpw. a\p-jys‚ hy‡n-]-c-amb kzoI-cWw (h¿Ø-am-\-Ime A]q¿Æ-{Inb, 10:4

se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw ImWp-I) BWv tbip-hns‚ \oXnsb Ah¿°p kwK-X-am°n Xo¿°p-∂Xv (H.-

t\m. 1:16; tbml. 1:12; 3:16; 20:31; tdma. 10:9-˛13; 1 tbml. 5:13). \oXn IW-°n-Sp-∂-Xn\v c≠v am\-Z-fi-ßƒ

ss__n-fn¬ ImWmw: hnizm-khpw am\-km-¥-chpw (H.-t\m. a¿s°m. 1:15; {]hr. 3:16,19; 20:31; 1:5 s‚ Ipdn∏v

ImWp-I). Cu `mKw hfsc hy‡-ambn c£-bpsS km¿Δ-eu-In-I hmKvZm\w shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p F¶nepw

F√m-hcpw c£n-°-s∏-Sp-∂n√ F∂-XmWv Zp¥hpw a¿Ω-hpw.

""tbip-{In-kvXp-hn-¶se hnizm-k-Øm¬'' CXv B£-cn-I-ambn ""tbip-{In-kvXp-hns‚ hnizm-k-Øm¬''

F∂m-Wv. Kem. 2:16 epw ^nen. 3:9 epw CXp ImWmw. tdma. 3:23; Kem. 2:16,20; 3:22 F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ kam-

¥c {]tbm-K-ap-≠v. CXn-\¿∞w.

1. tbip-hns‚ hnizmkw AYhm hniz-kvXX (I¿Ør-\n-jvT-amb kw_-‘n-I)

2. tbip \ΩpsS hnizm-k-Øns‚ tI{μ-ambn (h-kvXp-\n-jvT-amb kw_-‘n-I)

Kem. 2:16 se kam-\-amb hymI-cW D]-tbm-Kw c≠m-a-tØ-XmWv G‰hpw A\p-tbm-Pyw F∂p sXfnbn°p∂p.

ssZhnI \oXoI-c-W-Øns‚ {][m\ `mKsØ CXp ImWn-°p-∂p. {InkvXp-hn-eq-sS-bp≈ ssZh-Øns‚

kuP\y Zm\sØ (H.-t\m. 4:5; 6:23) Hcp-hs‚ Pohn-X-Øn¬ {]h¿Ø\ £aam°p∂Xv ssZhØns‚

\oXn-bm-Wv. AXv ]t£ hnizm-k-Øm¬/hniz-kn®v/B{i-bn®v AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw (H.-t\m. Fs^. 2:8˛9)

ssZ\w-Zn\ Pohn-X-Øn¬ Pohn-°p-Ibpw thWw (H.-t\m. Fs^. 1:4; 2:10).

""shfn-s∏´p h∂n-cn-°p∂p'' Cu {]tbmKw 1:17 \p kam-\-am-Wv. F¶nepw {Inbm-Imew hyXy-kvX-am-Wv.

ChnsS {Inb Cßs\ X¿÷a sNømw: ""hy‡-ambn shfn-s∏´p hcn-Ibpw XpS¿∂pw shfn-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-

°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p-.'' CXv ]q¿Æ I¿ΩWn kqN-I-am-Wv. AtX-k-abw 1:17 se kam-¥-c-]Zw h¿Ø-am\

Ime I¿ΩWn kqN-Iam-Wv. ssZhw ]g-b- \n-b-a-Ønepw (H.-t\m. A[ymbw 4) tbip-hnepw kphn-ti-jsØ

hy‡-ambn shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

3:22 ""\ymb-{]-am-Whpw {]hm-N-I-∑mcpw km£yw ]d-bp∂p'' F{_mb Imt\ms‚ aq∂v hn`-P-\-ß-fn¬

(\ym-b-{]-am-Ww, {]hm-N-I-∑m¿, Fgp-Øp-Im¿) cs≠-Æ-amWv ChnsS ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂-Xv. Cu cs≠Æw

apgp- ]gb \nbasØbpw ]cm-a¿in-°p-hm≥ D]-tbm-Kn-°m-dp≠v (3:19 s‚ Ipdn∏p ImWpI; aØm. 5:17).

kphn-tijw {]mY-an-I- cq]-Øn¬ ]gb \nb-a-Øn¬ AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂p F∂v CXp hy‡-am-°p∂p (H.t\m.

88

eqs°m. 24:27,44; {]hr. 10:43). AXv ]n∂o-Sp-≠mb Nn¥-tbm, πm≥ "_n' tbm As√-¶n¬ Ah-km\ \nanjw

cq]w sImSpØ ]≤-Xntbm A√ (H.-t\m. 1:2)). 3:23˛26 {Ko°-n¬ Hcp hmN-I-am-Wv.

3:23 ""Hcp hyXym-k-hp-an√'' a\p-jy\p (sb-lq-Z\pw PmXn-°pw) c£ {]m]n-°p-hm≥ Hscm‰ am¿§hpw Hscm‰

hy‡nbpw am{X-ta-bp≈q (H.-t\m. tbml. 10:1˛2,7; 11:25; 10:46). {InkvXp-hn-ep≈ hnizm-k-Øm¬ B¿°pw

Gh¿°pw c£ {]m]n-°m≥ Ignbpw (H.-t\m. 1:16; 4:11,16; 10:4,12; Kem. 3:28; sImsem. 3:11).

NASB,NKJV, NRSV ""F√m-hcpw ]m]w sNbvXv ... C√m-Ø-h-cmbn''

TEV ""kIe a\p-jycpw ]m]w sNøp-I-bpw ... AI-∂p-t]m-IpIbpw sNbvXp''

NJB ""]m]w sNøp-Ibpw \jvS-am-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp''

CXv 1:18˛3:20 s‚ kw{K-l-am-Wv. kIe a\p-jy¿°pw {InkvXphn\m¬ c£n-°-s∏-tS≠ Bhiyap≠v

(H.-t\m. 3:9,19; 11:32; Kem. 3:22; sbi. 53:6). ""]m]w sNbvXp'' F∂Xv `qX-Ime I¿Øcn kqN-I-am-Wv.

AtXkabw ""C√m-Ø-h-cmbn Xo¿∂p'' F∂Xv h¿Ø-am\Ime a[y- kq-N-I-hp-am-Wv. A¿∞w ""C√m-Ø-h-

cmbn XpS¿∂p-sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°p∂p.'' Cu {]tbmKw kqNn-∏n°p∂Xv (1) BZm-an-eqsS a\p-jys‚ kaq-l-]c-

amb hogvN (H.-t\m. 5:12˛21), (2) Ahs‚ XpS¿am-\-amb a’c {]hrØn. B[p-\n-I -Cw-•ojv ]cn-`m-j-I-

sfm∂pw Xs∂ {]tXy-I-ambn Cu hyXymkw FSp-Øp- Im-Wn-°p-∂n-√.

Cu hmIyw, t\cn´v hm. 24 t\mS-√, ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-ambn hm. 21 t\mSmWp _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

""ssZh-tX-P v'' a\p-jy≥ ssZhnI kzcq-]-Øn¬ krjvSn-°-s∏-´-h-\mWv (H.-t\m. Dev]. 1:26˛27). CXc

krjvSnPme--ß-fpsS Imcy-Øn¬ Aß-s\-b-√. a\p-jy≥ tXP- p≈ ssZh-hp-amb Iq´mbva BN-cn-°p-Ibpw

Ahs‚ kz`m-hsØ {]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠-h-cm-bn-cp∂p! ]m]w B kzcq-]-Øn-\p tISp hcpØn,

F∂m¬ {InkvXphns‚ acWØneqsSbp≈ ssZh-Øns‚ Ir]bpw hnizm-kn-bpsS hnizm-khpw B kzcq-

]sØ ]p\x-ÿm-]n®p (H.-t\m. sImsem. 3:10).

]gb \nb-a-Øn¬ ""tXP v'' (Im-t_m-Zv) F∂-Xn-\p≈ k¿Δ-km-[m-c-W-amb ]Z-Øns‚ aqe-]Zw Hcp

hmWn-Py-]-Z-amWv (Xp-em-kns\ ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂-Xv). A¿∞w, ""I\-ap-≈Xv.'' Xmsg-s°m-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂ {]tXyI

]T\hn-jbw ImWp-I.

{]tXyI ]T\-hn-jbw: tXP v (tUm-Ivkm˛doxadoxadoxadoxadoxa)-""tXP v'' F∂ thZ-]p-kvX-I Bibw \n¿Δ-Nn-°pI Ffp-∏-a-√. hnizm-kn-I-fpsS alXzw/tXP v

F∂Xv kphn-ti-jhpw ssZh-Ønep≈ al-Xzhpw a\- n-em-°pI F∂-XmWv (H. t\m. 1:29˛31; bnsc.

9:23-˛24).

]gb \nb-a-Øn¬ ""tXP v'' (Imt_mZv BDB 217) F∂-Xn-\p≈ k¿Δ-km-[-c-W-amb F{_mb]Zw

Hcp Xpemknt\mSp _‘-s∏-Sp∂ hmWnPykw_-‘-amb ]Z-ambncp∂p (""I\-ap≈Xv''). I\-ap-≈Xv

hnebp-≈Xpw aqey-h-Øp-am-bn-cn-°pw. an°-t∏mgpw ssZh-Øns‚ al-XzsØ {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn Cu

]Z-tØm-sSm∏w {]Im-isØbpw tN¿Øp ]d-™n-cp∂p (H. t\m. ]pd. 13:21˛22; 24:17; sbi. 4:5; 60:1˛2).

Ah≥ am{X-amWv tbmKy-\pw _lp-am-\y-\pw. hoWp-t]mb a\p-jy-h¿§-Øn\v Z¿in-°p-hm≥ Ign-bmØ

hÆw Ah≥ tXP-t -dn-bh-\mWv (H. t\m. ]pd. 33:17-˛23; sbi. 6:5). {InkvXp apJm-¥cw am{Xta

btlm-hsb icn-bmbn Adnbphm≥ Ign-Ibp≈p (H. t\m. bnsc. 1:14; aØm. 17:2; F{_m. 1:3; bmt°m.

2:1).

""tXP v'' F∂ ]Zw GXm≠v Ahy-‡-am-Wv.

1. CXv ""ssZh-Øns‚ \oXn°v'' kam-¥c-amImw

2. CXv ssZh-Øns‚ ""]cn-ip-≤n-'' sbbpw ""]q¿Æ-X''sbbpw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂XmIw

3. CXv a\p-jy≥ krjvSn-°-s∏´Xpw ]n∂oSv ]m]-Øn-eqsS aen-\-am-°-s∏-´Xpamb ssZh-Øns‚ kzcq-

]sØ kqNn-∏n-°p∂-XmImw (H. t\m. D-ev]. 1:26-˛27; 5:1; 9:6). Xs‚ P\-tØm-Sp-Iq-sS-bp-≈ btlm-h-

bpsS km∂n-≤ysØ (ta-Lw) kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v CXv BZy-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-®p- (H. t\m. ]pd. 16:7,

10; tehy. 9:23; kwJy. 14:10).

3:24 ""Ahs‚ Ir]-bm¬... kuP-\y-am-bs{X \oXo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv'' CXv h¿Ø-am-\-Ime I¿ΩWn

A]q¿Æ-{In-b-bm-Wv. Chn-sS-bmWv kphn-tijw Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xv. \oXn \¬Ip∂ ssZh-Ir] (H.-t\m. 5:15˛-

17; 6:23; Fs^. 2:8˛9). ""\oXn-I-cn-°pI'' F∂ {Ko°p ]Zw (Un-°m-bn-tbm-Hm˛dikaiowdikaiowdikaiowdikaiowdikaiow) ""\oXn'' F∂-Xn-

\p≈ AtX aqe-]-Z-Øn¬ \n∂pw h∂n-´p-≈-XmWv (Un-°m-bn-tbm-kp-\n˛dikaiotsunhdikaiotsunhdikaiotsunhdikaiotsunhdikaiotsunh). 1:17 se {]tXyI

]T-\-hn-jbw ImWp-I). ssZh-amWv F√m-bvt∏mgpw ap≥I-sø-Sp-°p-∂Xv (H.-t\m. tbml. 6:44, 65).

89

hm. 24˛25 ¬ c£sb hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-hm≥ aq∂p kmZr-iy-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≠v.

1. ""\oXo-I-cn-°-s∏-SpI'' F∂Xv ""Hcp in£bpw \¬I-s∏-´n√'' F∂¿∞-ap≈ tImSXn `mj-bmWv;

Hcp-h-s\- Ip‰hmfn-b√ F∂p {]Jym-]n-°p-∂-Xm-W-Xv.

2. ""hos≠-Sp∏v'' F∂ ]Zw'' ""XncnsI hmßn'' As√-¶n¬ ""kzX-{¥-\m°n'' F∂¿∞w hcp∂ ASn-a-®-

¥-bnse ]Z-am-Wv.

3. ""{]mb-›nØw'' F∂Xv bmK-kw-_-‘-amb ]Zhpw ad-bv°p∂ ÿew As√-¶n¬ ]cn-lmcw F∂

A¿∞-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xp-am-Wv. ]m]-]-cn-lm-c-Zn-\-Øn¬ bmK-c‡w Xfn-°-s∏-Sp∂ ÿe-amb

\nb-a-s]-´-I-Øns‚ ta¬aq-Sn-sb-bm-WXp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv (H.-t\m. tehy. 16; F{_m. 9:5).

{]tXyI ]T\hn-j-bw: Hcp-hs‚ c£sb

kw_-‘n®p≈ ]pXn-b-\n-b-a sXfnhvCXv tbip-hn-ep≈ ]pXnb DS-º-Snsb ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-bp-≈-XmWv (bn-sc-. 31:31˛34; sbsl.-

36:22˛38).

1. ]nXm-hns‚ kz`mhw (tbm-l-. 3:16), ]p{Xs‚ {]hrØn (2 sImcn-. 5:21), Bflm-hns‚ ip{iqj

(tdm-a. 8:41˛16) F∂nh ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n. a\p-jys‚ {]hr-Øn-bn-t∑e√ A\p-k-c-W-Øn\p

X° Iqen-b-√, shdp-samcp {]am-Whp-a-√.

2. CXv Hcp Zm\-amWv (tdm-a¿ 3:24; 6:23; Fs^. 2:5,8,9)

3. CXv Hcp ]pXnb Pohn-X-amWv, Hcp ]pXnb ImgvN-∏m-SmWv (bm-t°m-_v, 1 tbml-∂m≥)

4. CXv Hcp Adnhpw (kp-hn-ti-jw) Iq´m-bvabpw (tb-ip-hnepw tbip-hn-t\mSpap≈ hnizmkw) Hcp

]pXnb Pohn-X-ssi-en-bp-amWv (B-fl-hn\m¬ \bn-°-s∏-Sp∂ {InkvXm-\p-cq]yw). aq∂pamWv

GsX-¶nepw H∂p am{X-a-√.

5. 1 tbml. 2:3˛3:3 s‚ ]›m-Øe Dƒ°m-gvN- C bn¬ icn-bmb c£-bpsS ]cn-tim-[-\Iƒ

ImWp-I.

""kuP-\y-ambn'' ]usemkv Cu Bibw \nc-h[n {]mhiyw hyXy-kvX-]-Z-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v shfn-s∏-Sp-

Øp-∂p-≠v.

1. tUmsd-bm≥ (dwreandwreandwreandwreandwrean), {Inbm-hn-ti-j-Ww, ""kuP-\y-ambn''

2. tUmsd-bm (dwreadwreadwreadwreadwrea), \maw, ""kuP-\y-Zm\w''

3. tUmsdm≥ (dwrondwrondwrondwrondwron), \maw, ""Zm\w'' (H.-t\m. Fs^. 2:8)

4. Jmcn-kvam (carismacarismacarismacarismacarisma), \maw, ""kuP-\y-ISw'' AYhm ""kuP\y B\p-Iqeyw'' (H.-t\m. 1:11; 5:15,16;

6:23; 11:29; 12:6).

5. Jmcn-tkmambn (carisomaicarisomaicarisomaicarisomaicarisomai), {Inb, ""kuP\y B\p-Iq-ey-ambn \¬IpI'' (H.-t\m. 8:32)

6. Jmdn-kv (carijcarijcarijcarijcarij), \maw ""kuP\y B\p-Iqeyw'' AYhm ""kuP-\y-h-c-Zm\w'' (H.-t\m. 4:4, 16; 11:5,6;

Fs^. 2:5,8).

""{InkvXp-tb-ip-hnse hos≠-Sp-∏p-aqew'' \ΩpsS c£ -{]-h¿Ø-\-£-a-am-Ip-∂Xv tbip-hns‚ {]mb-

›nØ ac-Whpw Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂ev]pw apJm-¥-c-am-Wv. thZ]p-kvXIw Du∂¬ \¬Ip-∂-Xv F{X-am{Xw

sImSpØp Ft∂m B¿°p sImSpØp F∂p-≈-Xntem (A-K-Ãn≥) A√ adn®v ]m]-cln-X-\mb ]I-c-°m-c-

\m¬ a\p-jy-h¿§w ]m]-Øns‚ Ip‰-Øn¬\n∂pw in£-bn¬ \n∂pw hnSp-hn-°-s∏´p F∂p-≈-Xn-emWv (H.-

t\m. tbml. 1:29,36; 2 sImcn. 5:21; 1 ]s{Xm. 1:19).

Cu hmIyw Dev]. 3:15 \p sIm-Sp-t°≠ hnebpw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. tbip hoWpt]mb a\p-jy-h¿K-

Øns‚ ÿm\Øv im]w hln®p (c£ kuP-\y-am-bn-cn-°mw. ]t£ Xo¿®-bmbpw hne-bn-√m-Ø-X-√).

{]tXyI ]T\ hnjbw: adphne/

hos≠-Sp-°pII. ]gb \nbaw

A. {]mY-an-I-ambn c≠v F{_mb ]Z-ß-fmWv Cu Bibw hn\n-abw sNøp-∂-Xv

1. Km¬ (BDB 145, I) ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb A¿∞w ""Hcp hn e-sIm-SpØv kzX-{¥-am-°p-I.'' ]Z-

90

Øns‚ as‰mcp cq]-amb tKm'F¬ Hcp Bf-Ø -a-[y-ÿ-Xsb ˛ km[m-c-W-bmbn IpSpw-

_mwKw ˛ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p (A-Xm. Nm¿®-°m-c-\mb hos≠-Sp-∏p-Im-c≥). hkvXp-°ƒ, arK-

ßƒ, \new (H.-t\m. tehy. 25,27) F∂n-hsb As√-¶n¬ Nm¿®-°msc (H.-t\m. cqØv 4:15;

sbi. 29:22) XncnsI hmßm-\p≈ Ah-Imiw F∂ Cu kmwkvIm-cnI hkvXp-X, btlmh

an{k-bo-an¬ \n∂pw bn{km-tb-ens\ hnSp-hn-®-Xn-t\mSv ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-ambn _‘n-®n-cn-°p∂p

(H.-t\m. ]pd. 6:6; 15:13; k¶o. 74:2; 77:15; bnsc. 31:11). Ah≥ ""hos≠-Sp-∏p-Im-c≥'' Bbn-

Øo¿∂p (H.-t\m. Ctøm. 19:25; k¶o. 19:14; 78:35; kZr. 23:11; sbi. 41:14; 43:14; 44:6,24; 47:4;

48:17; 49:7,26; 54:5,8; 59:20; 60:16; 63:16; bnsc. 50:34).

2. ]mZmlv (BDB 804), A¿∞w ""hnSp-hn-°pI'' AYhm ""c£n-°pI''

a. BZy-Pm-Xs‚ hos≠-Sp∏v (H.-t\m. ]pd. 13:13,14; kwJy. 18:15˛17)

b. imco-cnI hos≠-Sp-∏ns\ Bfln-I -ho-s≠-Sp-∏p-ambn Xmc-X-ay-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂p (k-

¶o. 49:7,8,15)

c. btlmh bn{km-tb-ens\ ]m]-Øn¬ \n∂pw a’-c-Øn¬ \n∂pw hos≠-Sp°pw (k-¶o.

130:7˛8).

B. ssZh-imkv{X k¶-ev]-Øn¬ At\I A\p-_‘ hnj-b-ßƒ AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p

1. Hcp Bh-iyw, ASn-a-Øw, \jvS-s∏-S¬, XS-¶¬ F∂n-h-bp-≠v

a. imco-cnIw

b. kmaq-lnIw

c. BflnI (H.-t\m. k¶o. 130:8)

2. kzmX-{¥yw, hnSp-X¬, bYm-ÿ-]m\w F∂n-hbv°v Hcp hne sImSp-°-Ww

a. bn{km-tb¬ cmjv{S-Øns‚ (H.-t\m. Bh. 7:8)

b. hy‡n-I-fpsS (H.-t\m. Ctøm. 19:25˛-27; 33:28)

3. Hcp a[y-ÿ-\mbpw D]-Im-cn-bmbpw {]h¿Øn-°-Ww

Km¬ ¬ CXv km[m-c-W-bmbn IpSpw-_mw-Ktam ASpØ Nm¿®-°m-ct\m Bbn-cn°pw (A-

Xm. tKm'F¬, BDB 145).4. btlmh ]e-t∏mgpw Xs∂-Øs∂ IpSpw_ kw_-‘-]-Z-ap-]-tbm-Kn®p hnh-cn-®n-´p≠v

a. ]nXmhv

b. `¿Ømhv

c. ASpØ Nm¿®-°m-c≥/{]Xn-Im-cI≥

btlm-h-bpsS hy‡n-]-c-amb am[y-ÿ-Øm-emWv hos≠-Sp∏p km[n-®Xv; Hcp hne sImSpØv

hos≠-Sp∏p km[n-®p

II. ]pXnb \nbaw

A. ssZh-imkv{X Bibw hn\n-abw sNøp∂ \nc-h[n ]Z-ß-fp-≠v

1. AtKm-dmUvtkm (agorazwagorazwagorazwagorazwagorazw, H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 6:20; 7:23; 2 ]s{Xm. 2:1; shfn. 5:9; 14:3˛4). Hcp

Imcy-Øn-\p-th≠n hne-sIm-Sp-Ø-Xns\ kqNn-∏n-°p∂ hmWn-Py-]-Z-am-Wn-Xv. \mw c‡-Øm¬

hmß-s∏-´-hcpw AXn-\m¬ kz¥-Po-hn-X-Øn-t∑¬ \nb-{¥-W-an-√m-Ø-h-cp-am-Wv. \mw {InkvXp-

hn-\p-≈-h-cm-Wv.

2. FIvkm-sKm-dmUvtkm (exagorazwexagorazwexagorazwexagorazwexagorazw, H.-t\m. Kem. 3:13; 4:5; Fs^. 5:16; sImsem. 4:5). CXpw

hmWn-Py-]-Z-am-Wv. \ap°p ]I-c-am-bp≈ tbip-{In-kvXp-hns‚ ac-W-sØ-bm-WnXp kqNn-∏n-

°p-∂-Xv. ]m]n-bmb a\p-jy\v ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°m≥ Ign-bmØ {]hr-Øn-bn¬ ASn-ÿm-\-s∏´

\ymb-{]-am-W-Øns‚ (A-Xm. tamssiI \ymb-{]-am-Ww, H.-t\m. Fs^. 21:14˛16; sImsem.

2:14) ""im]w'' tbip hln®p. \ap-s°-√m-h¿°pw th≠n (H.-t\m. a¿s°m. 10:45; 2 sImcn.

5:21) Ah≥ im]w hln®p (H.-t\m. Bh. 21:23). tbip-hn¬, ssZh-Øns‚ \oXnbpw

kvt\lhpw ]q¿Æ ]m]-£-a, AwKo-Im-cw, {]th-i\w F∂n-hbpambn ka-\z-bn-∏n-°-s∏-´p.

3. epHm (luwluwluwluwluw) ""kzX-{¥-am-°pI''

a. ept{Sm¨ (lutronlutronlutronlutronlutron), ""sImSp-Ø-hne'' (H.-t\m. aØm. 20:28; a¿s°m. 10:45). Xm≥ IS-°m-

c-\-√mØ ]m]°Sw sImSp-Øp-sIm≠v temI c£-I-\m-bp≈ Xs‚ hc-hns‚ Dt±-iysØ

kw_-‘n®v tbip-hns‚ Xs∂ hmbn¬ \n∂p ]pd-s∏´ i‡-amb hm°p-I-fm-Wn-h (H.-

t\m. tbml. 1:29)

b. ept{SmHm (lutrowlutrowlutrowlutrowlutrow), ""hn´-b-bv°pI''

(1) bn{km-tb-ens\ hos≠-Sp-°p-I (eq-s°m. 24:21)

(2) hos≠-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn kzbw Gev]n-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw Hcp P\sØ ip≤o-I-cn-°p-

Ibpw (Xo-sØm. 2:14)

91

(3) ]m]-c-lnX ]I-c-°m-c-\m-IpI (1 ]s{Xm. 1:18˛19)

c. ept{Sm-knk v (lutrwsijlutrwsijlutrwsijlutrwsijlutrwsij), ""hos≠-Sp-∏v,'' ""hnSp-X¬'' As√-¶n¬ ""hntam-N\w''

(1) tbip-hn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ skJ-cym-hns‚ {]h-N-\w, eqs°m. 1:68

(2) tbip-hn-s\-s®m√n l∂m ssZhsØ kvXpXn-°p-∂-Xv, eqs°m. 2:38

(3) tbip Hcn-°-embn Ign® t{ijvT bmKw, F{_m. 9:12

4. At∏m-ep-t{Sm-knkv (apolutrosijapolutrosijapolutrosijapolutrosijapolutrosij)a. c≠mw hc-hn-¶se hos≠-Sp∏v (H.-t\m. {]hr. 3:19˛21)

(1) eqs°m. 21:28

(2) tdma. 8:23

(3) Fs^. 1:14; 4:30

(4) F{_m. 9:15

b. {InkvXp-hns‚ ac-W-Øn-ep≈ hos≠-Sp∏v

(1) tdma. 3:24

(2) 1 sImcn. 1:30

(3) Fs^. 1:7

(4) sImsem. 1:14

5. B‚n-ep-t{Sm¨ (antilutronantilutronantilutronantilutronantilutron, H.-t\m. 1 Xnsam. 2:6). tbip-hns‚ {Iqinse ]m]-]-cn-lmc

ac-W-Øm-ep≈ hntam-N-\-tØmSp _‘-s∏-´p≈ \n¿ÆmbI thZ-`m-K-am-WnXv (Xo-sØm.

2:14 t]mse). Ah-\mWv GI AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏´ bmKw, ""F√m-h¿°pw'' th≠n acn-®-h≥ (H.-

t\m. tbml. 1:29; 3:16˛17; 4:42; 1 Xnsam. 2:4; 4:10; XosØm. 2:11; 2 ]s{Xm. 3:9; 1 tbml. 2:2;

4:14)

B. ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Ønse ssZh-imkv{X Bi-bw

1. a\p-jy-h¿§w ]m]-Øn\v ASn-as∏-ń-cn-°p∂p (H.-t\m. tbml. 8:24; tdma. 3:10˛18; 6:23)

2. a\p-jy-h¿§-Øns‚ ]m] ASn-aØw ]gb \nba tamssiI \ymb{]am-WØnepw (H.-t\m.

Kem. 3) tbip-hns‚ Kncn{]`m-j-WØnepw (H.-t\m. aØm. 5˛7) shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

am\p-jnI {]bXv\w Hcp ac-W-hn-[n-bmbn Xo¿∂p (H.-t\m. sImsem. 2:14)

3. ssZh-Øns‚ \njvI-f¶ Ip™m-Smb tbip- h∂v \ΩpsS ÿm-\Øp acn®p (H.-t\m. tbml.

1:29; 2 sImcn. 5:21). \mw ssZhsØ tkhn-t°-≠-Xn\v \mw ]m]-Øn¬ \n∂pw hnebv°p

hmß-s∏´p (H.-t\m. tdma. 6)

4. btlm-hbpw tbiphpw \ap-°p-th≠n {]h¿Øn-°p∂ ""ASpØ Nm¿®-°m-c≥''- F∂ [z\n-

bm-Wp-≈-Xv. CXn-eqsS IpSpw-_-km-Zriyw XpS-cp-I-bmWv (A-Xm. ]nXm-hv, `¿Øm-hv, ]p{X≥,

ktlm-Z-c≥, ASpØ Nm¿®-°m-c≥).

5. hos≠-Sp∏v kmØm\p sImSpØ Hcp hne-b√ (a-[y-Ime ssZh-im-kv{Xw) adn®v ssZh-h-N-\-

hpw ssZh-\o-Xnbpw \nc-∏n-em-Ip-Ibpw AXn-t\mSv ssZh-kvt\-lhpw {InkvXp-hnse kºq¿Æ

Zm\hpw HØp-tN-cp-Ibpw a\pjy a’cw £an-°p-Ibpw a\p-jy-\nse ssZhnI kmZr-iyw

kºq¿Æ Iq´m-bva-bn¬ ]q¿Æ-ambn {]h¿Ø\ £a-am-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp.

6. hos≠-Sp-∏n\v Hcp `mhn-Ime hiw IqSn-bp≠v (H.-t\m. tdma. 8:23; Fs^. 1:14; 4:30). AXn¬

\ΩpsS ]p\-cp-∞m\ ico-c-ßfpw {XntbI ssZh-hp-am-bp≈ Bg-amb _‘hpw Dƒs∏-ń-cn-

°p-∂p. \ΩpsS ]p\-cp-∞m\ icocw Ah-t‚-Xn\p Xpey-am-bn-cn°pw (H.-t\m. 1 tbml. 3:2).

Ah-s\mcp ùXnI ico-c-ap≠v, ]t£ Zriy-X-e-Øn\v AXo-X-amb \ne-bn-em-sW∂p am{Xw.

1 sImcn. 15:12˛19 Dw 1 sImcn. 15:35-˛58 Dw XΩn-ep≈ sshcp≤yw hni-Zo-I-cn-°pI {]bm-k-am-

Wv. Xo¿®-bmbpw ùXn-I-amb ùanI ico-chpw kz¿§o-b-amb Bfln-I-i-co-chpw Ahn-sS-bp-

≠m-bn-cn-°pw. tbip-hn\p c≠pw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

3:25 ""hniz-kn-°p-∂-h¿°v'' ChnsS ho≠pw, tbip-hns‚ ]m]-]-cn-lmc ac-W-Øn-eqsS Gh¿°pw F√m-

h¿°pw hy‡n-]-c-amb t\´-Øn-\p≈ {]h¿Ø\ coXn ImWmw. (H.-t\m. 1:17; 3:22,25,26,27,28,30).

Cu {]tbmKw 3˛mw \q‰m≠nse henb£c Isø-gpØp {]Xn-bmb A bn¬ \n∂pw ({IntkmÃw D]-

tbm-Kn-®n-cp∂ {Ko°v ]mT-Øn-epw) 12˛mw \q‰m-≠nse Hcp henb£c Isø-gpØp {]Xn-bn¬ \n∂pw (2127)

Hgn-hm°nbncn-°p-∂p. as‰√m ]pcm-X\ {Ko°p Isø-gpØp {]Xn-I-fnepw AXp-≠v. Nne-Xn¬ hnizm-k-tØm-

Sp-IqsS hnth-NI t`ZIw (H.-t\m. IsøgpØp {]XnIƒ P40, B, C3, D3 ) D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Nne-Xn¬

C√ (H.-t\m. IsøgpØp {]XnIƒ a, C*, D*, F, G). F¶nepw CXv A¿∞sØ _m[n-°p-∂n-√. hnth-NI

t`ZIw tN¿Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v UBS3, “B” td‰v (G-Xm≠v Dd-∏p-≈-Xv) \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

92

NASB ""Ahs‚ c‡-Øn¬ {]mb-›n-Ø-ambn''

NKJV ""Ahs‚ c‡waqew {]mb-›n-Ø-am-Ip-hm≥''

NRSV ""Ahs‚ c‡waqew {]mb-›nØ bmK-ambn''

TEV ""Ahs‚ c‡-Øm¬ Ahs‚ P\-Øns‚ ]m]-ßƒ £an-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ am¿§-am-tI-≠-Xn\v''

NJB ""\nc∏v t\Sn-sb-Sp-t°-≠-Xn\v Xs‚ Poh≥ _en-b¿∏n-°p-hm≥''

{Ko°v ˛ tdma≥ temIØv Cu ]Zw kqNn-∏n-®n-cp-∂-Xv, tIm]n-jvT-\mb Hcp tZh-\p-am-bp≈ _‘w hne

sImSpØv ]p\x-ÿm-]n-°pI F∂ Bi-b-sØ-bm-Wv. F¶nepw sk]v‰z-Pn‚n¬ Cu Bi-b-Øn¬ CXp-]-

tbm-Kn-®n-ń-√. sk]v‰z-Pn‚nepw F{_m. 9:5 epw CXv ""Ir]m-k\w'' (H.-t\m. ]pd. 25:21˛22; tehy. 16:12-˛15)

F∂mWv X¿÷a sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. AXn]cn-ip≤ ÿeØv h®n-cn-°p∂ \nb-a-s∏-´-I-Øns‚ ta¬aq-Sn-

bmWv Ir]m-k-\w. Ahn-sS-bm-Wv alm- ]m-]-]-cn-lm-c-Zn-hkw P\-Øn-\p-th≠n bmK-c‡w Xfn®v ]m]-]-cn-

lmcw hcp-Øp-∂Xv (H.-t\m. tehy. 16). ]usemkv bn{km-tb-ens‚ bmK-kw-hn-[m-\-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ (A-Xm.

tehy. 1˛7) kmZr-iy-ß-fm-Wp-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-sX∂p hy‡-am-Wv. Cu kmZr-iy-ßƒ (A-Xm. {]mb-›nØw,

adp-hn-e, bmKw) ]g-b -\n-b-a-Ønse ssZhnI Acp-f-∏m-Sp-ItfmSp≈ _‘-Øn¬ am-{Xta a\- n-em-°m≥

Ign-bq. ]usemkv XpS¿∂v kIe a\p-jy-h¿§-tØm-Sp-ap≈ Ah-bpsS {]k‡n hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂p. btlmh

Xs∂-Øs∂ kI-e¿°pw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\mbn Xs∂ A{_-lm-an\v/bn{km-tb-en\v shfn-s∏-SpØn;

kI-ecpw Ahs‚ kzcq-]-Øn-ep-≈-h-cmWv; kI-ecpw adp-X-en®p; kI-e¿°pw {InkvXp-hn-ep≈ (sb-lqZ

ain-lm) hnizm-k-Øm¬ c£n-°-s∏-Sp-hm≥ Ign-bpw.

Cu ]ZsØ ImtW-≠Xv ]m]-tØm-Sp≈ ssZh-Øns‚ shdp∏v Ipd™p F∂ A¿∞-Øn-e-√, adn®v

]m]n-I-tfm-Sp≈ Ahs‚ km[-Im-flI hos≠-Sp-∏n¬ at\m-`m-hsØ Dd-∏n-°p∂ \ne-bn-em-bn-cn-°-Ww. CXn-

s\-°p-dn-®p≈ Hcp \√ N¿® Pbnwkv Ãphm¿ńs‚ F am≥ C≥ ss{IÃv t]. 214˛-224 ¬ ImWmw. CXv

\n¿h-ln-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Hcp am¿§w, Cu ]Zw {InkvXp-hn-ep≈ ssZhnI {]hr-Ønsb shfn-s∏-Sp-Øpwhn[w

AXns\ ]cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-ØpI F∂-Xm-Wv, AXm-bXv ""Hcp -{]m-b-›nØ bmKw'' As√¶n¬ ""]m]-]-cn-lmc

i‡n.'' ""Ahs‚ c‡-Øn¬'' F∂Xv \njvI-f¶ ssZh-Ip-™m-Sns‚ ]m]-]-cn-lmc bmKsØ kqNn-∏n-

°p∂ F{_mb ssien-bmWv (H.-t\m. tbml. 1:29). Cu Bibw ]q¿Æ-ambn a\ n-em-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈

\n¿Æm-b-I -`m-K-amWv tehy. 1˛7 Dw tehy. 16 se alm- ]m-]-]-cn-lmc Znh-k-hpw. c‡w kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv

Ip‰-°m-c-\p-th≠n \¬I-s∏´ \njvI-f¶ Poh-s\-bmWv (H.-t\m. sbi. 52:13˛-53:12). F√m-h¿°pw th≠n

Hcp-h≥ acn®p (H.-t\m. 5:12˛21)!

NASB ""Ahs\ ssZhw ]c-ky-ambn \n¿Øn-bn-cn-°p∂p''

NKJV ""Ahs\ ssZhw apºn¬ h®n-cn-°p∂p''

NRSV ""Ahs\ ssZhw aptºm´p sIm≠p-h-∂n-cn-°p∂p''

TEV ""Ah≥ ssZh-Øm¬ \nb-an-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂p''

t{]m‰n-Xoan (protiqhmiprotiqhmiprotiqhmiprotiqhmiprotiqhmi) F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ `qX-Im-e -a-[y-kq-N-I-am-WnXv (tdm-a. 1:13 epw Fs^. 1:9 epw

CXn-\¿∞w ""e£y-am-°pI'' F∂m-Wv. tdma. 8:28 se \ma-cq-]w -{In-kvXp-hns‚ ac-W-Øn-eqsS ssZhw

Xs‚ Xs∂ lrZ-bhpw Dt±-iyhpw BWv shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂mWv (H.-t\m. Fs^. 1:9; Kem.

3:1). ssZh-Øns‚ \nXy-amb hos≠-Sp-∏n≥ ]≤-Xn-bn¬ (H.-t\m. {]hr. 2:23; 3:18; 4:28; 13:29; 26:22; 1:5 se

{]tXyI ]T\hnj-bw) tbip-hns‚ bmKw Dƒs∏-ń-cn-°p∂p (H.-t\m. sbi. 53:10; shfn. 13:8). 9:11 s‚

Ipdn∏v ImWpI.

NASB, NKJV, NRSV ""apºp sNbvX ]m]-ßsf Ah≥ hn´p-I-f™p''

TEV ""ap≥Im-e-ß-fn¬ Ah≥ £a-bp-≈-h-\mbn P\-Øns‚ ]m]-ßsf Ah-K-Wn®p''

NJB ""]m]-ßƒ in£n-°-s∏-Sm-sX-t]mb Ign™ Ime-ß-fn¬''

""in£n-°msX hnSpI'' F∂-Xn-\p≈ ]Zw ]td-knkv (paresijparesijparesijparesijparesij) ]pXnb \nb-a-Øn¬ ChnsS am{Xta

D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p≈q; sk]v‰z-Pn‚n¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-an-√. {Ko°v ]nXm-°-∑mcpw sPtdmapw AXns\ ""Hcp- ISw

Csf-®p-sIm-Sp-°pI'' F∂ {Ko°v B£-cn-Im¿∞-Øn-emWv FSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂Xv (H.-t\m. tamƒ´≥ & an√n-

K¨, t]. 493). F¶nepw AXns‚ aqe-]-Z-amb {Inb ]dn-tban (pariemipariemipariemipariemipariemi) bpsS A¿∞w ""amdn IS∂p

t]mIpI'' As√-¶n¬ ""Ab®p hnSpI'' F∂mWv (H.-t\m. eqs°m. 11:42).

AXp-sIm≠v tNmZy-an-XmWv: {InkvXp-hns‚ `mhn {]hr-Ønsb ap≥I-≠p-sIm≠v ssZhw ap≥Im-eØv

]m]-ßƒ £an-°p-I-bm-bn-cpt∂m? AtXm {InkvXp-hns‚ mhn acWw ]m]-{]-iv\-Øn\p ]cn-lmcw hcpØpw

F∂-dn-™p-sIm≠v Ah≥ Ahsb Ah-K-Wn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂pthm? êw H∂p-Xs∂bmWv. `qX, h¿Ø-am-

\, `mhn Ime-ß-fnse a\p-jys‚ ]m]w {InkvXp-hns‚ bmK-Øm¬ ]cn-l-cn-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p.

CXv {InkvXp-hns‚ {]hr-Ønsb ap∂n-te°p t\m°n-s°m-≠p≈ ssZh-Ir-]-bpsS ap≥Ime {]hr-Øn-

93

bmbncp∂p (H.-t\m. {]hr. 17:30; tdma. 4:15; 5:13). H∏w h¿Ø-am-\, `mhn-Ime {]hr-Øn-bp-amWv (H.-t\m. hm.

26). ssZhw ]m]sØ eLp-hmbn FSp-Øn-ń-√, FSp-°p-∂p-an-√, adn®v Ah≥ tbip-hns‚ bmKsØ am\p-

jnI adp-X-en-∏n-\p≈ kºq¿Æhpw A¥y-hp-amb ]cn-lm-c-ambn kzoI-cn-°p-I-bmWp sNøp-∂-Xv. AXv

C\n-ta¬ Ah-\p-am-bp≈ Bg-amb Iq´m-bva-bv°p≈ AXmWv krjvSn-bpsS Dt±iyw (H.-t\m. Dev]. 1:26˛27)˛

XS- -ambn \n¬°p-∂n√ .

""Xs‚ \oXnsb {]Z¿in-∏n-∏m≥'' ssZhw Xs‚ kz`m-h-tØmSpw hN-\-tØmSp kXy-k-‘-\m-bn-cn-°Ww

(H.-t\m. aem. 3:6). ]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ ]m]w sNøp∂ tZln acn-°-W-am-bn-cp∂p (H.-t\m. Dev]. 2:17; sbsl.

18:4,20). Xm≥ Ip‰-°m-cs\ shdpsX hnSp-I-bn-√- F∂p ssZhw ]d™p (H.t\m. ]pd. 23:7). hoWp-t]mb

a\p-jy-h¿§-tØm-Sp≈ ssZh-Øns‚ kvt\lw A{X hep-Xm-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ Ah≥ a\p-jy-\m-bnØo-cp-

hm\pw \ymb-{]-amWw \nh¿Øn-°p-hm≥ hoWp-t]mb a\p-jys‚ ÿm\Øv acn-°p-hm\pw Hcp-°-ap-≈-h-

\m-bn-Øo¿∂p (H.-t\m. 5:12˛21). ssZh-Øns‚ kvt\lhpw \oXnbpw tbip-hn¬ I≠p-apń (H.-t\m. hm. 26).

""{]Z¿in-∏n-∏m≥'' F≥sU-bvIv\p-ambn (endeiknumaiendeiknumaiendeiknumaiendeiknumaiendeiknumai)(F≥sU-bvIvkn-kv ˛ endeixijendeixijendeixijendeixijendeixij, H.-t\m. 3:25,26)

F∂ ]Zw tdma-dn¬ At\-I- {]m-hiyw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p≠v (H.t\m 2:15; 9:17,23; sk]v‰z. ]pd. 9:16). AXns‚

ASnÿm\ A¿∞w shfn-s∏-Sp-ØpI As√-¶n¬ {]Z¿in-∏n-°pI F∂-XmWv. a\p-jy-h¿§w Xs‚

hos≠Sp∏n≥ Dt±-iyw, ]≤-Xn, \oXn F∂nh hy‡-ambn a\- n-em-°p-hm≥ ssZhw B{K-ln-®p. Cu kμ¿`w

Hcp thZ-]p-kvXI temIho£-WsØ ImWn-®p-X-cp-∂p.

1. ssZh-Øns‚ kz`m-h-sØ-°p-dn®v

2. {InkvXp-hns‚ {]hr-Øn-sb-°p-dn®v

3. a\p-jy-h¿§-Øns‚ Bh-iy-sØ-°p-dn®v

4. hos≠-Sp-∏ns‚ Dt±-iy-sØ-°p-dn®v

\mw a\- n-em-°-W-sa∂v ssZhw B{K-ln-°p∂p! {InkvXym-\n-XzsØ icn-bmbn a\ n-em-°p-∂-Xn¬

Cu kμ¿`w \n¿Æm-b-I-am-Wv. Nne hm°p-Ifpw {]mtbm-K-ßfpw Zp¿{K-ltam \nc-h[n \ne-I-fn¬ a\- n-

em-°m-hp-∂tXm BsW-¶nepw apgp-h-s‚bpw Du∂¬ hfsc hy‡hpw efn-X-hp-am-Wv. Cu kμ¿`w kphn-

ti-j-Øns‚ ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-amb DØ-c-{[ph \£-{X-am-Wv.

3:26 hm. 25 se ""\oXn'' F∂ ]Zw ]Zhypev]Øn]c-ambn hm. 26 se ""\oXn-am≥,'' ""\oXo-I-cn-°p-∂-h≥''

F∂n-h-tbmSp _‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p. {InkvXp-hn-ep≈ hnizmkw aptJ\ hnizm-kn-I-fpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬ Xs‚

kz`mhw shfn-s∏-tS-W-sa∂p ssZhw B{K-ln-°p-∂p. tbip \ΩpsS \oXn BbnØo¿∂p (H.-t\m. 2 sImcn.

5:21). F¶nepw hnizm-kn-Iƒ Ahs‚ \oXn-tbmSpw Ahs‚ kmZr-iy-tØmSpw GIo-`-hn-t°-≠-XmWv (H.-

t\m. 8:29; aØm. 5:48; tehy. 19:2). 1:17 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWp-I.

NASB, NKJV, NRSV ""tbip-hn¬ hnizmkw D≈-hsc''

TEV ""tbip-hn¬ hniz-kn-°p∂ Gh-s\bpw''

NJB ""tbip-hn¬ hnizmkw D≈ Gh-s\bpw''

REB ""tbip-hn¬ hnizmkw A¿∏n-°p∂ GsXmcpØ-s\bpw''

NET ""tbip-hns‚ hniz-kvXX \nanØw Pohn-°p-∂-h≥''

{Ko°v ]mT-Øn¬ ""tbip-hns‚ hnizmkw D≈-h≥'' F∂m-Wv. Cu _p≤n-ap-ń\p ImcWw [mcmfw

kw_-‘nIm hn`-‡n-bpsS D]-tbm-K-amWv (cf. G. B. Caird, The Language and Imagery of the Bible, p.99). an° Cw•ojv ]cn-`m-j-Ifpw AXns\ Hcp hy‡n-bpsS tbip-hn-ep≈ hnizmkw/hniz-kn-°¬/B{ibw

Bbn-´mWp ImWp-∂-Xv. NET ss__nƒ AXns\ 3:22 s‚ ]cm-a¿i-ambn ImWp-∂p. F¶nepw hm. 22

Xmsg-°m-Wp∂ Imcy-ßsf ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂p.

1. tbip-hns‚ hniz-kvXX

2. hnizm-kn-I-fpsS hnizmkw

c£ F∂Xv \mw kzoI-cn-°p∂ tbip-hns‚ hniz-kvX-X-bpsS ê-amWv (H.-t\m. hm. 30).

tdma¿ 3:27˛3027BIbm¬ {]iwk FhnsS? AXp s]mbvt]mbn. GXp am¿§Øm¬? I¿Ωam¿§Ømtem?

A√, hnizmkam¿§Ømet{X. 28Aßs\ a\pjy≥ \ymb{]amWØns‚ {]hrØnIqSmsX

hnizmkØm¬ Xt∂ \oXoIcn°s∏Sp∂p F∂p \mw A\pam\n°p∂p. 29A√, ssZhw sblqZ-

∑mcpsS ssZhw am{Xtam? PmXnIfpsSbpw ssZha√tbm? AtX PmXnIfpsSbpw ssZhw BIp∂p.30ssZhw GI\t√m; Ah≥ hnizmkwaqew ]cnt—Z\°mscbpw hnizmkØm¬ A{KN¿ΩnI-

sfbpw \oXoIcn°p∂p.

94

3:27 ""BI-bm¬ {]iwk FhnsS'' ""{]iwk'' F∂-Xn-t\mSp tN¿∂v hnth-NI t`Z-I-Øns‚ km∂n[yw

sblq-Zs‚ K¿Δn-s\-bmWv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv (H.-t\m. 2:17,23). kphn-tijw Xmgva \evIp-∂-Xm-Wv. hoWp-

t]mb a\p-jy-h¿§-Øn\v (sb-lq-Z\pw PmXn-I-fpw) kzbw klm-bn-°m≥ Ign-hn√ (H.-t\m. Fs^. 2:8˛9).

2:17 se {]-tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: {]iw-kn-°¬ ImWp-I.

Fs‚ ap≥ {]kvXm-h-\sb hy‡-am-°p-∂-Xn\v Hcp sNdnb Ipdn-∏p-IqsS \evI-s´. a\p-jy\v ssZh-

Øns‚ kvt\lhpw ]m]-£-abpw A¿ln-°p-hm≥ tbmKy-X-bn√ F∂-Xn-\v, Ah-cpsS kz¥w c£-bn¬

Ah¿s°mcp ]¶p-an√ F∂¿∞-an-√. {InkvXp-hn-ep≈ ssZh-Øns‚ hmKvZm\w kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v a\p-

jy\v Xs‚ ]m]w/Ip‰w kw_-‘n®v t_m[yw D≠m-tI-≠-Xm-Wv. ssZhw ""DS-ºSn-''bn-eq-sS-bmWv hoWp-

t]mb a\p-jy-h¿§-tØmSv CS-s]-Sp-∂-Xv. \mw {]Xn-I-cn-°p-Ibpw XpS¿am\-ambn {]Xn-I-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°bpw

thWw.

1. am\-km-¥cw

2. hnizmkw

3. A\p-k-cWw

4. ÿntcm-’mlw

ssZh-hp-am-bp≈ \ΩpsS _‘-Øn¬ \ap-s°mcp \n¿Æm-bI ]¶p-h-ln-°m-\p-≠v. \mw {]Xn-I-cn-t°-

≠-h-cm-Wv! \mw {]Xn-I-cn-t°Ww! ]c-am-[n-Imcw Hcp thZ-]p-kvXI D]-tZ-i-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse \n¿Æm-

b-I-amWv kzX{¥ C—bpw. Hcp ]uckvXy {KŸ-amb ss__nƒ kXysØ kwL¿j`cnX tPmUn-I-fm-

bn-´mWv Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

{]tXyI ]T\hnjbw: ]uckvXy kmlnXywhenb Nn{Xw -˛ thZ-]p-kvXI sshcp-≤y-ßƒ

1. ss__n-fns\ ssZh-h-N-\-ambn B{i-bn-°p-Ibpw kvt\ln-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Hcp-hs\∂

\nebv°v Cu Dƒ°mgvN F\n°p hy‡n-]-c-ambn hfsc klm-b-am-bn-Øo¿∂p. thZ-]p-

kvX-IsØ Kuc-h-ambn FSp-°m-\p≈ {ia-Øn¬ hy‡-amb Hcp Imcyw hyXykvX thZ-`m-

K-ßƒ kXysØ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv hyh-ÿm-]nX coXn-bn-e-√, adn®v Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´

coXn-bn-em-sW-∂m-Wv. Hcp ssZh-\n-izm-kob thZ-`m-K-Øn\v as‰mcp ssZh-\n-izm-kob thZ-

`m-KsØ Akm-[p-hm-°mt\m hne-Ip-d®p ImWn-°mt\m Ign-I-bn-√. Hcp {]tXy-I-`mKw D≤-

cn-°p-∂-Xn-eq-sS-b√ (hm-Iy-sØ-fn-hv) apgp-h≥ Xncp-sh-gpØpw (Nne `mK-ß-f-√, apgp-h≥

Xncp-sh-gpØpw ssZh-\n-izm-ko-b-am-Wv, 2 Xnsam. 3:16) Adn-bp-∂-Xn-eq-sS-bmWv ⁄m\w e`n-

°p-∂-Xv.

2. an° thZ]pkvXI kXyßfpw (]u-ckvXy kmln-Xyw) kwL¿j`cnXamb hncp≤

tPmUnIfpsS ]cºcbmbn´mWv \¬Is∏´ncn°p∂Xv. (eqs°mkv Hgn-sI-bp≈ ]pXnb

\nba Fgp-Øp-Im¿ km[m-cW {Ko°n¬ Fgp-Xp∂ F{_mb Nn¥-I-cm-sW∂ Imcyw Hm¿°p-

I. ⁄m\ kmln-Xyhpw Imhy kmln-Xyhpw kam-¥c hcn-I-fm-bn-´mWv kXysØ Ah-X-

cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. FXn¿ kam-¥-cXzw sshcp-[y-am-bn-´mWv {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu kam-¥-cXzw

kam-¥c thZ-`m-K-ß-fm-bn-´mWv {]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv). F∂n-cp-∂mepw c≠pw Xpey-\n-e-bn¬

kXy-amWv! \mw sh®p]p-e¿Øp∂ ]mc-º-cy-ßƒ°v apdn-th-ev]n-°p-∂-XmWv Cu sshcp-

≤y-ßƒ!

a. ap≥ \nba\w x a\pjys‚ kzX{¥ C—

b. hnizmknbpsS `{ZX x ÿntcm-’m-l-Øns‚ Bh-iy-IX

c. aqe]m]w x kzta[m ]m]w

d. tbip ssZhw x tbip a\p-jy≥

e. tbip ]nXm-hn-t\mSp ka≥ x tbip ]nXm-hn\p Iog-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂-h≥

f. ss__nƒ ssZh-Øns‚ hN\w x am\p-jnI cN\

g. ]m]-cm-lnXyw (]q¿Æ-X, H.-t\m. tdma¿ 6) x Ipd-®p ]m]w

h. {]mcw` X’-ab \oXo-I-c-Whpw hnip-≤o-I-c-Whpw x ]ptcm-K-a\ hnip-≤o-I-cWw

i. hnizm-k-Øm-ep≈ \oXo-I-cWw (tdm-a¿ 4) x {]hr-Øn-bm¬ Dd-∏n-°-s∏´ \oXo-I-cWw

(H.-t\m. bmt°m_v 2:14-˛26)

j. {InkvXob kzmX{¥yw (H.-t\m. tdma. 14:1˛23; 1 sImcn. 8:1˛13; 10:23-˛33) x {InkvXob

DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw (H.-t\m. Kem. 5:16-˛21; Fs^. 4:1)

k. ssZh-Øns‚ AXo{μnbXzw x Ahs‚ A¥¿KmanXzw

l. ssZhw BXy-¥n-I-ambn {Kln°m\m-hm-Ø-h≥ x hN\Øneq-sSbpw {InkvXp-hn-eq-sSbpw

{Kln-°m-hp-∂-h≥

95

m. c£-bv°p≈ ]usem-kns‚ A\-h[n kmZr-iy-ßƒ

(1) ZsØ-Sp∏v

(2) hnip-≤o-I-cWw

(3) \oXo-I-cWw

(4) hos≠-Sp∏v

(5) al-Xzo-I-cWw

(6) ap≥\n-b-a\w

(7) \nc∏v

n. ssZh-cmPyw h∂p Ign™p x `mhn km£m-XvImcw

o. am\-km-¥cw ssZhnI Zm\w x am\-km-¥cw c£bv°v Iev]n-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂ {]Xn-I-

cWw (H.-t\m. a¿s°m. 1:15; {]hr. 20:21)

p. ]gb \nbaw imizXw x ]gb \nbaw \oßp-Ibpw Akm-[p-hm-°-s∏-´p-Ibpw sNbvXp

(H.-t\m. aØm. 3:17-˛19 x 5:21-˛48; tdma¿ 7 x Kem-Xy¿ 3)

q. hnizm-kn-Iƒ Zmk-∑m¿/ASn-a-Iƒ AYhm a°ƒ/Ah-Im-in-Iƒ

""AXp s]mbvt∏mbn'' Cu ]Zw (FIv˛ekekekekek (sh-fn-bn¬) + s¢bnHm˛kleiwkleiwkleiwkleiwkleiw (A-S-bv°p-I) Chn-sSbpw

Kem. 4:17 epw am{Xta D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≈q. AXn-\¿∞w ""]pd-Øn´p ]q´n'' F∂m-Wv.

""hnizm-k-am¿§-Øm¬'' bnsc. 31:31˛34 se (sb-sl. 36:22˛38) ssZh-Øns‚ ]pXnb \nbaw {]hr-Øn-

bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-e√ adn®v Ahs‚ Ir]m-I-c-amb kz`m-h-Ønepw hmKvZ-Ø-Ønepw D≈ B{ibw/

hnizmkw/hniz-kn-°¬ (]n-kv‰n-kv˛pistijpistijpistijpistijpistij) F∂-Xns‚ ASn-ÿm\Ønem-Wv. ]gb \nb-a-Øn-s‚bpw ]pXnb

\nb-a-Øn-s‚bpw e£yw hoWp-t]mb a\p-jy-h¿§sØ ssZhnI kz`m-h-Øn-te°p cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Sp-ØpI

F∂-XmWv (\o-Xn-bp-≈, AXm. tehy. 19:2; aØm. 5:48; tdma. 8:29).

3:28 ""a\p-jy≥ \ymb-{]-am-W-Øns‚ {]hr-Øn-Iq-SmsX hnizm-k-Øm¬ Xs∂ \oXo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂p

F∂p \mw A\p-am-\n-°p∂p'' CXv 3:21˛26 s‚ kw{K-lhpw A. 4˛8 s‚ ap≥\n-g-ep-amWv (H.-t\m. 2 Xnsam.

1:9; XosØm. 3:5). {InkvXp-hns‚ ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏´ {]hr-Øn-bn-ep≈ hnizm-k-Øn¬ e`n-°p∂ kuP\y

Zm\-amWv c£ (H.-t\m. 3:24; 5:15,17; 6:23; Fs^. 2:8-˛9). F¶nepw ]IzX F∂Xv ""F√m-‰n\pw hne sImSp-

t°≠'' A\p-k-c-W-Øn-s‚bpw tkh-\-Øn-s‚bpw Bcm-[-\-bp-sSbpw Pohn-X-amWv (H.-t\m. Kem. 5:6; Fs^.

2:10; ^nen. 2:12; 1:5 se Ipdn∏v ImWp-I).

3:29 ssZh-Øns‚ Dt±iyw F√m-bvt∏mgpw Xs‚ kzcq-]-Øn¬ krjvSn-°-s∏´ kIe a\p-jy-scbpw hos≠-

Sp-°pI F∂-XmWv (D-ev]. 1:26,27; 5:1; 9:6). Dev]. 3:15 se hos≠-Sp-∏n≥ hmKvZØw BZm-ans‚ k¥-Xn-Iƒ

F√m-h¿°pw th≠n-bp-≈-Xm-Wv. temIsØ Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n Ah¿ A{_m-lm-ans\ Xnc-s™-

SpØp (H.-t\m. Dev]. 12:31; ]pd. 19:4˛6; tbml. 3:16).

Cu hmIyw, 3:9 t]mse, tdmam k`-bnse hniz-kn-°p∂ sblqZ t\Xr-Xzhpw hniz-kn-°p∂ PmXob

t\Xr-Xzhpw XΩn-ep≈ kwL¿jsØ {]Xn- -en-∏n-°p-∂p. \otdm-bpsS DØ-c-hp-{]-Imcw sblq-Z-∑m¿ tdmam-

\-Kcw hn´p-t]m-b-t∏m-ƒ PmXob hnizm-kn-Iƒ t\Xr-Xz-Øn-te°p hcn-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. A[ymbw 9˛11 ¬

CtX kwL¿jw ho≠pw ImWmw.

3:30

NASB ""Xo¿®-bmbpw ssZhw GI-\m-I-bm¬''

NKJV ""GI ssZhw D≈-Xn-\m¬''

NRSV ""ssZhw GI-\m-I-bm¬''

TEV ""ssZhw GI≥''

NJB ""GI -ssZhw am{X-ap-≈-Xn-\m¬''

CXv Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚ ho£-W-Øn¬ kXy-am-btXm As√-¶n¬ Ahs‚ cN-t\m-t±-iy-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bp-

≈tXm Bb H∂mw-Xcw tkm]m-[nI hmN-I-am-Wv. GI-ssZ-h-hn-izmkw kXy-am-sW-¶n¬, Ah≥ kIe

P\-Øn-s‚bpw ssZh-am-Wv.

{]tXyI ]T\hnjbw: GI-ssZ-h-hn-izmkw""GI-ssZ-h -hn-izmkw'' (G-I≥ am{X-amb GI ssZhw) F∂Xv _lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-k-Ønse ""D∂-X-

ssZhw'' F∂tXm t]¿jy≥ ssZzX-hm-Z-Ønse (skm-cm-jv{Sn-b≥ aXw) \√ tZht\m A√, bn{km-tb-

96

en\p am{X-ap≈ AXp-ey-hn-izm-k-am-bn-cp∂p CXv (A-{_m-lmw, 2000 _n.-kn). CXp- Iq-Sm-sX-bp≈ GI

A]q¿ΔX an{k-bo-an-em-bn-cp∂p (A-sJ-\m-s‰≥ F∂pw Adn-b-s∏-ń-cp-∂ Asa≥tlm-s´∏v \mem-a≥,_n.-kn. 1367˛1350 AYhm 1386˛1361).

]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ hnhn[ coXn-bn¬ Cu Bibw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.

1. ""Rß-fpsS ssZh-amb btlm-h-sb-t∏mse Bcp-an-√,'' ]pd. 8:10; 9:14; Bh. 33:26; 1 cmPm. 8:23

2. ""Ah-\-√msX as‰m-cp-Ø-\p-an√,'' Bh. 4:35, 39; 32:39; 1 iap. 2:2; 2 iaq. 22:32; sbi. 45:21 44:6,8;

45:6,21).

3. ""btlmh GI≥ Xt∂,'' Bh. 6:4; tdma. 3:30; 1 sImcn. 8:4,6; 1 Xnsam. 2:5; bmt°m. 2:19

4. ""\ns∂t∏mse Hcp-Ø-\p-an√,'' 2 iaq. 7:22; bnsc. 10:6

5. ""\o am{Xw ssZh-am-Ip∂p,'' k¶o. 86:10; sbi. 37:16

6. ""F\n°p apsº Hcp ssZhhpw D≠m-bn-ń-√. Fs‚ tijw D≠m-hp-I-bp-an√,'-' sbi. 43:10

7. ""as‰m-cp-Ø-\p-an-√ ... Rm\-√msX as‰m-cp-Ø-\p-an√ ... as‰m-cp-Ø-\pw C√'' sbi. 45:5,6,22

8. ""Ah-\-√msX thsdmcp ssZhhpw C√,'' sbi. 45:14,18

9. ""Rm≥ A√msX thsdmcp ssZhw C√'' sbi. 45:21

10. ""Rm≥ Xs∂ ssZhw, Fs∂t∏mse Hcp-Ø-\p-an√'' sbi. 46:9

Cu \n¿Æm-bI D]-tZiw ]ptcm-K-a\]c-amb coXn-bn-emWv shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≈Xv F∂p kΩ-Xn-

t°-≠n-h-cpw. BZy-Ime {]kvXm-h-\-Iƒ ""Ipe-ssZ-h -hn-izmkw'' As√-¶n¬ {]mtbm-KnI GI ssZh-

hn-izmkw (a‰p ssZh-ß-fp-≠v, ]t£ \ap°v Hcp ssZhw am{Xw, H.-t\m. ]pd. 15:11; 20:2˛5; Bh. 3:28; 5:7;

6:4,14; 10:17; 32:12; 1 cmPm. 8:23; k¶o. 83:18; 86:8; 136:1˛2).

Hcp GI-Xz-Øns‚ kqN-\-bp≈ (X-Xz-im-kv{X-]-c-amb GI-ssZ-h-hn-izmkw) BZy -th-Z-`m-K-ßƒ

Bcw-`-Ime cN-\-I-fm-Wv (H.-t\m. ]pd. 8:10; 9:14; Bh. 4:35,39; 33:26). ]q¿ÆambXpw ]q¿Æ-X-bp-≈-Xp-

amb Ah-Imi hmZ-ßƒ sbi. 43˛46 ¬ ImWmw (H.-t\m. 43:11; 44:6,8; 45:7,14,18,22; 46:5,9).

]pXnb \nbaw Bh. 6:4 s‚ kqN\ tdma. 3:30; 1 sImcn. 8:4,6; Fs^. 4:6; 1 Xnsam. 2:5; bmt°m.

2:19¬ \¬Ip-∂p-≠v. tbip AXns\ H∂m-asØ Iev]-\-bmbn aØm. 22:36˛37; a¿s°m. 12:29˛30; eqs°m.

10:27 ¬ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. ]g-b-\n-bahpw AXp-t]mse ]pXnb \nb-ahpw a‰p BflnI Pohn-I-fpsS

bmYm¿∞yw {]kvXm-hn-°p-∂p≠v (]n-im-Np-°ƒ, ZqX-∑m¿) F¶nepw Hscm‰ {kjvSm-hv/hos≠-Sp-∏p-Im-c-

\mb ssZhw am{X-ta-bp≈p (b-tlmh, Dev]. 1:1).

thZ-]p-kvXI GI ssZh-hn-izm-k-Øns‚ {]tXy-I-X.

1. ssZhw GI\pw AXp-ey-\p-amWv (k-Øm -ao-amwk kqNn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v, ]t£ hy‡-ambn Nn{Xo-I-

cn-®n- n-√).

2. ssZh BfØ-ap-≈-h-\mWv (H.-t\m. Dev]. 1:26˛27; 3:8)

3. ssZhw [m¿Ωn-I-\mWv (H.-t\m. ]pd. 34:6; s\sl. 9:17; k¶o. 103:8-˛10)

4. ssZhw Iq´m-bva-bv°p-th≠n a\p-jys\ Xs‚ kzcq-]-Øn¬ krjvSn®p (D-ev]. 1:26˛27) (A-Xm.

#2). Ah≥ Xo£vW-X-bp≈ ssZh-amWv (H.-t\m. ]pd. 20:2˛3)

]pXnb \nb-a-Øn¬ \n∂pw

1. ssZh-Øn\p aq∂v \nXyhpw Bf-Ø-]-c-hp-amb shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-I-fp-≠v

2. ssZhw kºq¿Æ-ambpw anI-hm¿∂- \n-e-bnepw Xs∂Øs∂ tbip-hn¬ sh-fn-s∏-SpØn (H.-t\m.

tbml. 1:1˛14; sImsem. 1:15-˛19; F{_m. 1:2˛3)

3. hoWp-t]mb a\p-jy-h¿§-Øns‚ hos≠-Sp-∏n-\p≈ ssZh-Øns‚ \nXy-amb ]≤Xn Xs‚ GI

]p{Xs\ bmK-ambn A¿∏n-°pI F∂-Xmbncp∂p (sb-i. 53; a¿s°m. 10:45; 2 sImcn. 5:21; ^nen.

2:6˛11; F{_m-b¿).

""Ah≥ ]cn-t—-Z-\-°m-scbpw hnizm-k-Øm¬ ... \oXo-I-cn-°p∂p'' ""\oXo-I-cn-°pI'' F∂ {Ko°p

]Zw ""\oXn'' F∂¿∞-ap≈ AtX aqe-]-Z-Øn¬ \n∂pw h∂-Xm-Wv. 1:17 se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw ImWp-

I. ssZh-tØmSp \nc-∏p -{]m-]n-°p-hm≥ Hcp hgn am{X-ta-bp≈q (H.-t\m. tdma. 9:30˛32). c£-bv°p≈ c≠p

am\-Z-fi-ßƒ hnizm-khpw am\-km-¥-chpw BWv (H.-t\m. a¿s°m. 1:15; {]hr. 3:16,19; 20:21; 1:5 s‚ Ipdn∏p

ImWp-I). CXv sblq-Z-s\bpw bh-\-scbpw kw_-‘n®p icn-bm-Wv).

""hnizmkw aqew ... hnizm-k-Øm¬'' Cu c≠p D]-hm-N-I-ßƒ XΩn¬ kam-¥-cXzw hy‡-am-Wv. KXn-

I-fmb FIv, Unbm (ekekekekek, dia dia dia dia dia) F∂nh ]cym-b-ß-fmbn D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Hcp hyXym-khpw Dt±-in-®n-

ń√.

97

tdma¿ 3:3131BIbm¬ \mw hnizmkØm¬ \ymb{]amWsØ Zp¿∫eam°p∂pthm? Hcp\mfpw C√;

\mw \ymb{]amWsØ Dd∏n°pIbt{X sNøp∂p.

3:31

NASB ""BI-bm¬ \mw hnizm-k-Øm¬ \ymb-{]-am-WsØ Zp¿_-e-am-°p-∂pthm''

NKJV ""BI-bm¬ \mw hnizm-k-Øm¬ \ymb-{]-am-WsØ \nc¿∞I-am-°p-∂pthm''

NRSV ""BI-bm¬ \mw hnizmkw sIm≠v \ymb-{]-am-WsØ \o°n-°-f-bp-∂pthm''

NJB ""hnizmkw \ymb-{]-am-WsØ A¿∞-iq-\y-am-°p∂p F∂mtWm \mw A¿∞-am-°p-∂Xv''

]pXnb \nbaw ]g-b-\n-b-asØ c≠p hyXykvX coXn-I-fn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

1. AXv Hcn-°epw \oßn-t∏m-ImØ, ssZh-Øm¬ \¬I-s∏´ shfn-∏m-SmWv (H.-t\m. aØm. 5:17˛19; tdma.

7:12, 14, 18).

2. AXp- ]-g-bXpw \oßn-t∏m-b-Xp-amWv (H.-t\m. F{_m. 8:13)

""Zp¿_-e-am-°pI'' F∂ ]Zw ]usemkv Ipd-™-Xv 25 {]mhiyw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≠v. AXv ""Akm-[phpw

\njv{]-tbm-P-\hpw'' As√-¶n¬ ""i‡n-lo\w,'' ""bmsXmcp kzm[o-\hpw sNep-Øm-\m-hm-ØXv'' F∂p

X¿÷a sNøm≥ Ign-bpw. 3:3 se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw ImWp-I. ]usem-kns\ kw_-‘n®v \ymb-{]-

amWw \nXy-Po-h≥ \¬Im-\m-hmØ tIhew Hcp inip-]m-e-I\pw (H.-t\m. Kem. 3:23, 24) a\p-jys\ Ip‰w-

hn-[n-°m-\p≈ ASn-ÿm\hpw am{X-am-Wv (H.-t\m. Kem. 3:13; sImsem. 2:14). tamssiI \ymb-{]-amWw

""\∑-Xn-∑-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ Adn-hns‚ hr£-Øn\p'' Xpey-ambn Hcp shfn-∏mSpw AtXkabw Hcp [m¿ΩnI

]co-£-bp-ambn {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p.

""\ymb-{]-amWw'' F∂-Xp-sIm≠v ]usemkv A¿∞-am-°p-∂Xv F¥m-sW∂p hy‡-a-√.

1. sblq-Z-a-X-Ønse k¬{]-h¿Øn-I-fpsS kwhn-[m\w

2. {InkvXp-hn-ep≈ c£-bn-te°v PmXob hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v IS∂p t]mtI-≠p∂ Hcp L´w (K-em-Xy-

bnse sblq-Z-hm-Zn-Iƒ)

3. kIe a\p-jycpw ]cm-P-b-s∏´ Hcp \ne-hmcw (H.-t\m. tdma. 1:18˛3:20; 7:7˛25; Kem. 3:1˛29)

""\mw \ymb-{]-am-WsØ Dd-∏n-°-bs{X sNøp-∂Xv'' ap≥ {]tbm-K-Øns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬, Cu {]tbm-

K-Øns‚ A¿∞-sa-¥mWv? CXp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv

1. \ymb-{]-amWw c£bv°p≈ hgn-b-√, a-dn®v AsXmcp km∑m¿KnI hgn-Im-ń-bmbn XpS-cp-∂p

2. AXv ""hnizm-k-Øm-ep≈ \oXo-I-cW'' D]-tZ-isØ km£o-I-cn-°p-∂p, 3:21; 4:3; (D-ev]. 15:6; k¶o.

32:1˛2, 10˛11)

3. \ymb-{]-am-W-Øn\p Ign-bm-™-Xns\ (a-\p-jy -am-’-cyw, H.-t\m. tdma. 7; Kem. 3) {InkvXp-hns‚

acWØm¬ km[n-∏n®p (8:3˛4)

4. shfn-∏m-Sns‚ Dt±iyw a\p-jy-\n¬ ssZhnI kmZr-iysØ ]p\x-ÿm-]n-°pI F∂p-≈-Xm-Wv

\ymb-{]-amWw \nb-a-]-c-amb \oXnsb XpS¿∂v bYm¿∞ \oXn AYhm {InkvXpkmZr-iy-Øn-te-°p≈

hgn-Im-ń-bm-bn-Øo¿∂p. 13:9 se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw: tamssiI \ymb-{]-am-W-sØ-°p-dn-®p-≈- ]u-sem-

kns‚ ho£-Ww, ImWp-I.

\sΩ sRń-∏n-°p∂ sshcp≤yw, \ymb-{]-amWw ssZhnI \oXn ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn¬ ]cm-P-b-s∏´p F∂-

Xm-Wv. ssZh-Øn-s‚ Ir]m-Zm\w apJm-¥cw {InkvXob hnizmkn \oXn-bp≈ `‡n\n¿`c Pohn-X-Øn-\p-S-a-

bm-bn. \ymb-{]-am-W-Øns‚ e£yw km[q-I-cn-°-s∏-´p, am\p-jnI {]h¿Ø-\-Øm-e-√, {InkvXp-hn¬ ssZh-

Øns‚ Ir]-bpsS kuP\y Zm\-Øm¬. ""ÿm]n-°pI'' F∂-Xn\v 3:2 se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw:

""\n¬°pI'' ImWp-I.









1. tdma. 3:21˛31\v \nß-fpsS kz¥-hm-°p-I-fn¬ cq]-tcJ Xøm-dm-°p-I

98

2. Fß-s\-bmWv ssZhw a\p-jys‚ ap≥I-gn™ ]m]-ßsf in£n-°msX hn´Xv (hm. 25)?

3. ]g-b- \n-ba hnizmkn ]m]-Øn¬ \n∂pw Fß-s\-bmWp c£n-°-s∏-´Xv (3:25)?

4. tbip-hn-ep≈ hnizmkw Fß-s\-bmWv \ymb-{]-am-WsØ Dd-∏n-°p-∂Xv (3:31)?

99

A{_m-lm-ans‚ A{_mlmw hnizm A{_mlmw hnizm A{_m-lm-ans‚ A{_mlmw hnizm

DZm-l-cWw kØm¬ \oXo-Icn kØm¬ \oXo-Icn DZm-l-cWw kØm¬ \oXo-

°s∏´p °s∏´p Icn°s∏´p

4:1˛12 4:1˛4 4:1˛8 4:1˛8 4:1˛8

ZmhoZv AtX kXyw ]cn-t—-Z-\bv°p

BtLm-jn-°p∂p apsº \oXo-Icn

°s∏´p

4:5˛8

A{_mlw ]cnt—

-Z-\bv°p apsº

\oXoIcn-°-s∏´p

4:9˛12 4:9˛12 4:9˛12 4:9˛12

hmKvZØw hnizm hmKvZØw hnizm A{_m-lm-ans‚ ssZhnI hmKvZØw \ym{]-am-W-Øns‚

kØm¬ {]m]n kØm¬ \evI km£m¬ k¥Xn {]m]n-°p∂p A\p-k-c-W-Øm¬

°p∂p s∏Sp∂p \oXo-I-cn-°-s∏Sp

∂n√

4:13-˛25 4:13-˛25 4:13-˛15 4:13-˛15 4:13-˛17

4:16-˛25 4:16-˛25 A{_m-lm-ans‚

hnizmkw {InkvXo

b hnizm-k-Øn\v

amXrI

4:18-˛25
















4. BZnbmbh

100

]›mØe Dƒ°m-gvN-IƒA. 3:21˛31 ¬ hnh-cn-®n-cn-°p∂ ]usem-kns‚ sRń-∏n-°p∂ ssZh-imkv{Xw ]d-bp-∂-Xv, hoWp-t]mb

a\p-jy-h¿§w tamsi-bpsS \ymb-{]-amWw IqSmsX ssZh-Øns‚ kuP\yZm\-Øm¬ ssZh-tØmSp

\nc-∂-Xmbn {]Jym-]n-°-s∏-Sp∂p F∂-m-Wv. Xo¿®-bmbpw sblq-Z-∑m-cpsS FXn¿∏v ]usemkv a\-

kn¬ I≠n-cn-°-Ww. XpS¿∂v ]usem-kv, A{_m-lm-an-s‚bpw Zmho-Zn-s‚bpw (H.-t\m. hm. 6˛8) ]g-b-

\n-ba DZm-lc-W-ßƒ FSp-Øp-sIm≠v Xs‚ kphn-tijw tIhew \qX\ Imcy-a√ (H.-t\m. 3:21b)

F∂p sXfn-bn-°p-∂p.

B. tdma. 4, Ir]-bm¬ hnizm-k-Øm-ep≈ \oXo-I-c-W- D-]-tZ-i-Øn\v tamsi-bpsS \ymb-{]-am-W-Øn¬

\n∂pw (Dev]Øn ˛ Bh¿Ø\w) sXfn-hp-Iƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. AXv 3:21˛31 ¬ kw{K-ln-®n-cn-°p-

∂p. Hcp sblq-Zs\ kw_-‘n®v tamsi-bpsS Fgp-Øp-I-fn¬ \n∂p≈ D≤-c-Wn°v henb ssZh-

imkv{X aqey-am-Wp-≈-Xv. {]tXy-In®v sblqZ PmXn-bpsS ]nXm-hmbn AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂ A{_m-

lm-an-t\mSp _‘-s∏´ hN-\-ßƒ°v. Zmho-Zns\ hcm-\n-cn-°p∂ ain-lm-bpsS \ng-em-bn-´mWv ho£n-

°-p-∂Xv (H.-t\m. 2 iaq. 7)

C. hniz-kn-°p∂ sblq-Z-∑mcpw hniz-kn-°p∂ PmXn-I-fpw XΩn¬ tdmamk-`bn¬ \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂

kwL¿j-amImw Cu N¿®-bp-sSbpw ]›m-Ø-ew. sblqZm {InkvXob t\Xm-°ƒ \otdm-bpsS Iev]-

\sb XpS¿∂v (A-bmƒ kIe sblqZ BNm-c-ßfpw \ntcm-[n-®p) tdmw hnSp-hm≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-cm-bn-

Øo¿∂n-cn-°mw. B CS-°m-eØv Ah¿°v ]Icw PmXob {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ h∂p.

sblqZ kwLw aS-ßn-h-∂-t∏m-ƒ t\Xr-Xz-ÿm-\Øv Bcm-bn-cn-°Ww F∂-Xn-s\-s®m√n hnhmZw

D≠mbn F∂-\p-am-\n-°mw.

D. hoWp-t]mb a\p-jy-h¿§w Ah¿°p e`n® shfn-®-tØmSp≈ _‘-Øn¬ hnizm-k-Øm¬ Ir]-aq-

ehpw ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ am\-km-¥-c-Ømepw F√m-bvt∏mgpw c£n-°-s∏-ń-´p≠v F∂v tdma. 4 shfn-s∏-

Sp-Øp-∂-p (D-ev]. 15:6; tdma. 4:3). At\I hgn-I-fn¬ ]pXnb DS-ºSn (kp-hn-ti-jw, H.-t\m. bnsc.

31:31˛34; sbsl. 36:22˛38) ]gb DSºSnbn¬\n∂pw hyXymkap≈X√.

E. hnizmkw aqew Ir]bmep≈ \oXnbpsS ]mX tKm{X]nXm°∑m¿t°m As√¶n¬ bn{kmtb¬

P\Xbvt°m am{Xap≈X√, kIe¿°pw apºn¬ Xpd∂pInS°pIbmWv. ChnsS ]usemkv apºv

KemXy¿ 3 ¬ hnIkn∏n® ssZhimkv{X hmZw A{_mlmans\ D]tbmKn®v hnIkn∏n°pIbpw

hniZam°pIbpw sNøp∂p.

F. Hcp knhntij hnlnX hnizmknsb∂ \nebn¬ tdma. 3:21-˛31; 4:1˛25; 5:1˛21; KemXy¿ 3 F∂nh

\n¿ÆmbI thZ`mKßfmsW∂v Rm≥ kΩXn°p∂p. AXv F\n°p a\ nem°m≥ Ignbp∂ coXn-

bn¬ {InkvXym\nXzsØ hniZoIcn°p∂p. Fs‚ {]Xymi \ne\nev°p∂Xv

1. ssZhIr]bn¬

2. {InkvXphns‚ {]hrØnbn¬

3. XncpshgpØns‚ hnizmkyXbn¬

4. ]usemkns‚ hy‡amb FgpØpIfn¬

tdma¿ 4:1˛81F∂m¬ \ΩpsS ]q¿Δ]nXmhmb A{_mlmw PU{]Imcw F¥p {]m]n®p F∂p ]dtb≠p?

2A{_mlmw {]hrØnbm¬ \oXoIcn°s∏´p F¶n¬ Ah∂p {]iwkn∏m≥ kwKXn D≠p; ssZh-

k∂n[nbn¬ C√Xm\pw. 3XncpshgpØp F¥p ]dbp∂p? ""A{_mlmw ssZhsØ hnizkn®p;

AXp Ah∂p \oXnbmbn IW°n´p'' F∂p Xt∂. 4F∂m¬ {]h¿Øn°p∂h∂p Iqen IW°n-

Sp∂Xp Ir]bmbn´√ ISambn´t{X. 5{]h¿Øn°mØh≥ F¶nepw A`‡s\ \oXoIcn°p∂-

h\n¬ hnizkn°p∂ht∂m Ahs‚ hnizmkw \oXnbmbn IW°nSp∂p. 6ssZhw {]hrØnIqSmsX

\oXn IW°nSp∂ a\pjys‚ `mKyw ZmhoZpw h¿Æn°p∂Xp: 7""A[¿Ωw tamNn®pw ]m]w asd®pw

Inńbh¿ `mKyhm∑m¿. 8I¿Ømhp ]m]w IW°nSmØ a\pjy≥ `mKyhm≥.''

4:1 ""F∂m¬ \ΩpsS ]q¿Δ]nXmhmb A{_mlmw'' A{_mlmans‚ t]cns‚ A¿∞w ""_lpPmXnIfpsS

]nXmhv'' (H.t\m. hm. 16˛18) F∂mWv. Ahs‚ BZy t]cmb A{_mw F∂Xns‚ A¿∞w ""_lpam\y\mb

]nXmhv'' F∂mWv.

ChnsSbp]tbmKn®ncn°p∂ kmlnXy kt¶XsØ Ubmss{S_v F∂mWp hnfn°p∂Xv (H.t\m. 4:1;

6:1; 7:7; 8:31; 9:14,30). A{_mlmans\ (Dev]. 11:27˛25:11) Hcp DZmlcWambn D]tbmKn°p∂Xns‚ ImcWßƒ:

101

1. sblqZ∑m¿ hwi]mcºcyØn\v A{Xb[nIw ÿm\w sImSp°p∂p (H.t\m. aØm. 3:9; tbml.

8:33,37,39).

2. Ahs‚ hy‡n]camb hnizmkw DSºSn amXrIbpsS DZmlcWambXn\m¬ (H.t\m. Dev]. 15:6).

3. Ahs‚ hnizmkw tamssiI \ymb{]amWw sImSp°p∂Xn\p apºmbXn\m¬ (H.t\m. ]pd. 19˛20)

4. Zpcp]tZjvSm°ƒ Ahs\ D]tbmKn®n´p≈Xn\m¬ (AXm. sblqZaXhmZnIƒ, Hm.t\m. KemXy-

teJ\w)

Nne ImcWßfm¬ ]pcmX\ ]I¿s∏gpØpIm¿ Xmsg∏dbp∂h amdn amdn D]tbmKn®ncn°p∂p:

1. ]q¿Δ]nXmhv, IsøgpØp {]XnIƒ a*, 2, a*, A, C*

2. ]nXmhv, IsøgpØp {]XnIƒ a1, C3, D, E, GCXv Hcp]t£, A{_mlmw bn{kmtb¬ PmXnbpsS ]q¿Δ ]nXmhv F∂ \nebntem (AXmbXv tKm{X

]nXmhv, ]usemkv sblqZ∑mscbmWv A`nkwt_m[\ sNøp∂Xv) As√¶n¬ A{_mlw ssZhØn¬

hnizkn°p∂ kIecpsSbpw ]nXmhv (sblqZ∑mcpsSbpw PmXnIfpsSbpw ]nXmhv, 2:28˛29) F∂ \nebntem

BImw.

""PUw'' 1:3 se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw ImWpI.

4:2 ""{]hrØnbm¬ \oXoIcn°s∏´p'' CXv {InkvXphnse hnizmkØm¬ Ir]bmep≈ \oXoIcWØn\p

t\sc hn]coXamWv. am\pjnI {]bXv\Øm¬ (4:4) Cu coXnbn¬ c£ km[yambncp∂psh¶n¬

{InkvXphns‚ ip{iqj Bhiyan√mØXmtbs\. \ymb{]amWØns‚ {]hrØnIfmep≈ \oXoIcWw

BWv A{_mlmant\mSp≈ _‘Øn¬ At\I d∫namcpw Du∂n∏dbp∂Xv (H.t\m. ⁄m\w, 10:5;

F¢okn. 44:20˛21; 1 a°m. 2:52; tbmth¬ 6:19˛20; 15:1˛2). d∫namcpsS injy\mb ]usemkv Cu

]mTßsf°pdn®v XnI®pw t_m[hm\mbncp∂p.

F∂ncp∂mepw ssZhØns‚ CSºSn {]hrØnIƒ \n¿hln°p∂Xn¬ hoWpt]mb a\pjyh¿§Øns‚

Ignhn√mbva hy‡ambn ]gb \nbaw shfns∏SpØp∂p≠v. AXn\m¬ ]gb \nbaw Hcp im]w, Hcp

acWhn[n Bbn amdn (H.t\m. Kem. 3:13; sImsem. 2:14).

A{_mlmw tamssiI \ymb{]amWØn\p apºmWp Pohn®ncp∂sX∂v sblqZ ]WvUnX∑m¿°v

Adnbmambncp∂psh¶nepw Ah≥ \ymb{]amWsØ {]Xo£n°pIbpw A\pjvTn°pIbpw sNbvXp

F∂h¿ hnizkn®p (H.t\m. F¢okn. 44:20; tbmth¬ 6:9; 15:1˛2).


th≠n-bp-≈tXm Bb H∂mwXcw tkm]m-[nI hmN-I-am-Wv (cf. A. T. Robertson, Word Pictures, Vol. 4, p.350). bYm¿∞Øn¬ hymPambXpw F∂m¬ Hcp ssZhimkv{X \nKa\Øn\p klmbn°p∂Xpamb

H∂mwXcw tkm]m[nI hmNIØns‚ anI® DZmlcWamWnXv.

tPmk^v F. ^n‰vkvanb¿, B¶¿ ss__nfn¬ (hmeyw 33, t]Pv 372) ]d™Xv, CXv H∂mw `mKw

c≠mw Xchpw (A{_mlmw {]hrØnbm¬ \oXoIcn°s∏´p F¶n¬ Ah≥ ""Aßs\b√'') c≠mw `mKw

H∂mw Xchpw Bb kΩn{i tkm]m[nI hmNIw BsW∂mWv.

""Ah\p {]iwkn∏m≥ kwKXn D≠v'' ]usemkns‚ FgpØpIfn¬ IqsS°qsS hcp∂ hnjbamWnXv.

]cois\∂ \nebnep≈ Ahs‚ ]›mØew Cu {]iv\tØmSnSs]Sphm≥ Ahs\ t{]cn∏n°p∂p (H.t\m.

3:27; 1 sImcn. 2:29; Fs^. 2:8,9). 2:17 se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw: {]iwkn°¬ ImWpI.

4:3

NASB, NKJV, NRSV, TEV ""A{_mlmw ssZhsØ hnizkn®p''

NJB ""A{_mlmw ssZhØn¬ hnizmka¿∏n®p''

Dev]. 15:6 ¬ \n∂p≈ D≤cWnbmWnXv. ]usemkv Cu A[ymbØn¬ CXp aq∂p {]mhiyw

D]tbmKn®n´p≠v (H.t\m. 4:3,9,22). c£sb kw_‘n®p≈ ]usemkns‚ ssZhimkv{X]camb Adnhn¬

AXn\p≈ {]m[m\ysØbmWnXp ImWn°p∂Xv. ""hnizmkw'' F∂ ]Zw ]gb\nbaØn¬ Iqdv,

hnizkvXX, hnizmktbmKyX F∂nhsb ImWn°p∂p. AXp ssZhnI {]IrXnbpsS hnhcWamWv,

\ΩptSX√. ""Dd∏mbncn°pI AYhm ÿncambncn°pI'' F∂¿∞ap≈ Hcp F{_mb ]ZØn¬\n∂pamWv

AXp h∂Xv (Fap≥, Fap\mlv). c£n°p∂ hnizmkw

1. am\knI AwKoImcw (kXyßfpsS Kaw)

2. a\∏q¿Δ ka¿∏Ww (Hcp Xocpam\w)

3. km∑m¿§nI PohnXw (Hcp PohnXssien)

4. {]mYanIamb Hcp _‘w (Hcp hy‡nsb kzmKXw sNø¬)

F∂nhbmIp∂p.

1:5 se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw: ]gb\nbaØn¬ hnizkn°pI, B{ibn°pI, hnizmkw, hnizkvXX,

ImWpI.

102

A{_mlmans‚ hnizmkw Hcp `mhn ainlmbn¬ A√mbncp∂p, adn®v Ah\v Hcp aI\pw k¥Xnbpw

D≠mIpw F∂ ssZhnI hmKvZØØnembncp∂p F∂ Imcyw Du∂n∏dtb≠XmWv (H.t\m. Dev]. 12:2;

15:2˛5; 17:4˛8; 18:14). A{_mlmw ssZhØn¬ B{ibn®psIm≠v AXnt\mSp {]XnIcn®p. Ah\v Cu

hmKvZØsØ°pdn®v kwibßfpw {]iv\ßfpw D≠mbncp∂p. hmkvXhØn¬ AXp \nh¿ØnbmIm≥

]ns∂bpw 13 h¿jßƒ FSpØp. F∂ncp∂mepw Ahs‚ A]q¿Æ hnizmksØ ssZhw AwKoIcn®p.

Xt∂mSpw Xs‚ hmKvZØßtfmSpw {]XnIcn°p∂ sX‰pIfp≈ a\pjytcmSv, B hnizmkw ISpIpaWn-

tbmfw am{Xw hen∏ap≈Xmbm¬t]mepw (H.t\m. aØm. 17:20) tN¿∂p {]h¿Øn°phm≥ ssZhw

Hcp°ap≈\mWv.

4:3,4,5,6,8,9,10,22,23,25

NASB, NRSV ""AXv Ah\p IW°n´p''

NKJV ""AXv Ahs‚ IW°n¬ C´p''

TEV ""ssZhw Ahs\ AwKoIcn®p''

NJB ""Cu hnizmkw ]cnKWn°s∏´p''

""AXv'' kqNn∏n°p∂Xv ssZhnI hmKvZØßfnep≈ A{_mlmans‚ hnizmksØbmWv. ""IW°n´p''

(temKnUvtkmambn˛logizomailogizomailogizomailogizomailogizomai, H.t\m. 3:28; A[ym. 4 ¬ 11 {]mhiyw) F∂Xv ""Hcphs‚ A°u≠n¬

\nt£]n®p'' F∂¿∞w hcp∂ _m¶nwKv ]ZamWv (H.t\m. sk]v‰z. Dev]. 15:6; tehy. 7:18; 17:4). CtX

kXyw 2 sImcn. 5:21; Kem. 3:6 ¬ at\mlcambn shfns∏SpØnbn´p≠v. ]usemkv Dev]. 15:6; k¶o. 32:2

F∂nh kwtbmPn∏n®ncn°m≥ km[yXbp≠v. ImcWw Ah c≠pw ""IW°nSpI'' F∂ ]Zw

D]tbmKn®n´p≠v. ]mTßƒ kwtbmPn∏n°pI F∂Xv d∫nam¿ D]tbmKn®ncp∂ Hcp hymJym\

XXzambncp∂p.

sk]v‰zPn‚n¬ Cu ]ZØns‚ ]gb \nba D]tbmKw Hcp _m¶nwKv ]Zsa∂Xnt\°mƒ Zm\o. 7:10;

12:1 se ""]pkvXIßƒ'' F∂Xnt\mSp _‘s∏´ ]pkvXI kq£n∏v ]Zambn´mWv D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

c≠v Be¶mcnI ]pkvXIßƒ (ssZhØns‚ Hm¿Ω):

1. Hm¿ΩIfpsS ]pkvXIw (H.t\m. k¶o. 56:8; 139:16; sbi. 65:6; aem. 3:16; shfn. 20:12˛13)

2. (H.t\m. ]pd. 32:32; k¶o. 69:28; sbi. 4:3; Zm\o. 12:1; eqs°m. 10:20; ^nen. 4:3; F{_m. 12:23; shfn.

3:5; 13:8; 17:8; 20:15; 21:17)

ssZhw A{_mlmans‚ hnizmksØ \oXnbmbn Ipdn®n´ ]pkvXIw ""Pohs‚ ]pkvXIw'' BWv.

4:3,5,6,9,10,11,13,22 ""\oXnbmbn'' CXv ]gb \nba ]Zamb ""AfhptIm¬'' (‰vkmZmIv) s\ kqNn∏n°p∂p.

ssZhnI kz`mhsØ kqNn∏n°m\p]tbmKn°p∂ \n¿ΩmW kmZriyamWnXv. ssZhw t\scbp≈h\pw

F√m a\pjycpw hf™hcpamWv. ]pXnb \nbaØn¬ CXv ÿm\ob, \nba]camb (s^md≥knIv)

A¿∞Øn¬ ‡n\n¿`c PohnX ssienbnte°v {]Xo£tbmsS apt∂dns°m≠ncn°p∂ A¿∞ØnemWv

D]tbmKn®ncn°p∂Xv. Hmtcm hnizmknsb kw_‘n®pw ssZhØns‚ e£yw Xs‚ kz¥ kz`mhw

Ahcn¬ Dfhm°pI, as‰mcp coXnbn¬ ]d™m¬ {InkvXpkmZriyw F∂XmWv (H.t\m. 8:28˛29; Kem.

4:19). 1:17 se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw: \oXn ImWpI.

4:5 hnizmkØns‚ A¥xkØ F∂Xv hy‡n]camb t\´ßfntem tbmKyXIfntem B{ibn°msX

Xs∂Øs∂ shfns∏SpØnb ssZhtØmSp {]XnIcn°p∂XmWv. \mw Hcn°¬ c£n°s∏SpIbpw

]cnip≤mflmhp \ΩpsS D≈n¬ hkn°pIbpw sNbvXpIgn™m¬ ]ns∂ PohnXssien°p {]m[m\yan√

F∂nXv kqNn∏n°p∂n√. {InkvXob hnizmkØns‚ e£yw \mw acn°ptºmƒ kz¿§w e`n°p∂Xp

am{Xa√, Ct∏mƒ {InkvXpkmZriyw {]m]n°p∂Xpw IqSnbmWv. \mw {]hrØnIfm¬ A√ c£n°s∏´Xpw

\oXoIcn°s∏´Xpw icnbmb \nev]v {]m]n®Xpw, adn®v k¬{]hrØnIƒ°pth≠nbmWv \mw

hos≠Sp°s∏´Xv (H.t\m. Fs^. 2:8-˛9,10; bmt°m_v, 1 tbml∂m≥). Hcp cq]m¥cs∏´Xpw cq]m¥c-

s∏´psIm≠ncn°p∂Xpamb PohnXamWv Hcph≥ c£n°s∏´p F∂Xns‚ sXfnhv. \oXoIcWw hnip≤o-

IcWsØ Dfhmt°Ww!

""hnizkn°p∂ht\m'' CXp h¿Øam\Ime I¿Øcn {Inbm_‘amWv. Xmsgbp≈ {]tXyI ]T\-

hnjbw ImWpI.

{]tXyI ]T\hn-jbw: hnizmkw, hniz-kn-°pI,AYhm B{ibw(]nÃnk v (pistijpistijpistijpistijpistij, \m-aw) ]nsÃbpthm (pisteuopisteuopisteuopisteuopisteuo, {In-b) ]ntÃmkv (pistojpistojpistojpistojpistoj, \m-a-hn-ti-j-

Ww)

A. CXv thZ-]p-kvX-I-Ønse hfsc {][m-\-s∏´ Hcp ]Z-am-Wv (H.-t\m. F-{_m. 11:16). CXv tbip-

103

hns‚ BZy-Ime {]kw-K hnj-b-am-bn-cp∂p (H.-t\m. a¿s°m. 1:15). DS-º-Sn-bpsS Ipd-™Xv

c≠v ]pXnb hyh-ÿ-I-fp-≠v: am\-km-¥chpw hnizm-khpw (H.-t\m. 1:15; {]hr. 3:16,19; 20:21).

B. ]tZm-Xv]Øn

1. ""hnizmkw'' F∂ ]Z-Øn\v ]gb\nb-a-Øn¬ Iqdv, hniz-kvX-X, AYhm hnizmkyX Fs∂m-

s°-bm-W¿∞w. AXv \ΩpsSb√ ssZh-Øns‚ kz`mh-Øns‚ hni-Zo-I-cam-Wv.

2. ""Dd∏mbn-cn-°pI AYhm ÿnc-am-bn-cn-°pI'' F∂¿∞-ap≈ Hcp F{_mb]Z-Øn¬\n∂mWn-

Xp-≠m-bXv (F-ap≥, Fap-\mlv). c£n-°p∂ hnizmkw a\ ns‚ kΩXw (kXy-ßƒ),

[m¿ΩnI PohnXw (Hcp PohnXssien), AtXm-sSm∏w Xs∂ {]mY-anIambn Hcp _‘hpw

(Hcp hy‡nsb ssIs°m-≈p-∂-Xv) B hy-‡n-I-tfm-Sp-≈ a\∏q¿Δ-amb ka¿∏-W-hp-am-Wv

(Hcp Xocp-am-\w).

C. ]gb\nba D]-tbmKw

A{_-lm-ans‚ hnizmkw Hcp `mhn-Ime ain-lm-bn-em-bn-cp-∂n-√, ]ns∂tbm X\n°v Hcp k¥-

Xnbpw ]n≥Km-an-Ifpw D≠m-Ip-sa∂p≈ ssZh-Øns‚ hmKvZ-ØØnembn-cp-∂p-sh∂p≈Xv Du∂n-

∏-d-tb-≠-XmWv (H. t\m. D-ev]Øn 12:2; 15:2˛5; 17:4˛8; 18:14). ssZh-Øn¬ B{i-bn®psIm≠v

A{_lmw Cu hmKvZ-Ø-tØmSv {]Xn-I-cn-®p. \nh¿Øn°p-hm≥ ]Xn-aq∂v h¿j-ß-sf-SpØ

Cu hmKvZ-Ø-sØ-°p-dn®v X\n°v At∏mgpw kwi-b-ßfpw {]iv\-ßfpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. F∂n-

cp-∂mepw Xs‚ A]q¿Æ-amb hnizmkw ssZh-Øm¬ AwKo-Icn-°s∏´p. ISp-Ip-a-Wn-tbm-fta

D≈p-sh-¶nepw Xt∂mSpw Xs‚ hmKvZ-Ø-ß-tfmSpw hnizm-kØm¬ {]Xn-I-cn-°p∂ Zp¿_-e-

cmb a\p-jy-tcm-sSmØv {]h¿Øn-°p-hm≥ ssZhw k∂-≤-\m-Wv. (H. t\m. a-Øm. 17:20).

D. ]pXnb\nba D]-tbmKw

""hniz-kn®p'' F∂ ]Z-ap-≠m-bXv ""hniz-kn-°pI'' ""hnizm-kw'' AYhm ""B{ibw'' F∂n-ßs\

X¿÷a sNømhp∂ {Ko°v ]Z-Øn¬ \n∂mWv (]n-sÃ-bpthm). DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v tbml-∂ms‚

kphn-ti-j-Øn¬ \maw D]-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂n-√, {Inb IqsS-°qsS D]-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p≠v.

tbml-∂m≥ 2:23-˛25¬ ain-lm-sb∂ \ne-bn¬ \kdm-b-\mb tbip-hnt\mSp-≈ P\-Øns‚

ka¿∏WØns‚ Bflm¿∞-X-sb-∏‰n A\n-›n-XXzw ImWp-∂p-≠v. ""hniz-kn-°pI'' F∂

]Z-Øns‚ D]-cn-π-h-amb CXc D]-tbmKw tbml-. 8:31˛59; {]hr. 8:13, 18-˛24 F∂o `mK-ß-fn-em-

Wv. icn-bmb thZ-]p-kvXI hnizmkw {]mcw` {]Xn-I-c-W-Øn-epw A∏pdam-Wv. AXns\ XpS¿∂v

injyXzw F∂ {]{In-b- D≠m-IWw (H. t\m. aØm. 13:20˛22, 31˛32).

E. "KXn-'tbm-sSm∏w CXns‚ D]-tbmKw

1. Fbnkv A¿∞w ""AXn-te°v.'' Cu AXp-ey-amb LS\, hnizm-kn-I-ƒ tbip-hn¬ hnizm-

kw/B{ibw A¿∏n-°p∂-Xns\ Du∂n∏d-bp-∂p.

a. Ahs‚ \ma-Øn¬ (tbm-l-. 1:12; 2:23; 3:18; 1 tbml-. 5:13)

b. Ah-\n¬ (tbm-l. 2:11; 3:15,18; 4:39; 6:40; 7:5,31,39,48; 8:30; 9:36; 10:42; 11:45,48; 17:37,42; aØm.

18:6; {]hr. 10:43; ^nen-. 1:29; 1 ]s{Xm. 1:8)

c. F∂n¬ (tbm-l. 6:35; 7:38; 11:25,26; 12:44,46; 14:1,12; 16:9; 17:20)

d. ]p{X-\n¬ (tbm-l. 3:36; 9:35; 1 tbml. 5:10)

e. tbip-hn¬ (tbm-l-. 12:11; {]hr. 19:4; Kem-. 2:16)

f. shfn-®-Øn¬ (tbm-l. 12:36)

g. ssZh-Øn¬ (tbm-l. 14:1)

2. F≥ A¿∞w ""¬'' tbml. 3:15; a¿s°m. 1:5; {]hr. 5:14 set∏mse

3. F]n A¿∞w ""C¬'' aØm. 27:42; {]hr. 9:42; 11:17; 16:31; 22:19; tdma. 4:5,24; 9:33; 10:11; 1

Xnsam. 1:16; 1 ]s{Xm. 2:6 F∂o hmIy-ß-fn-te-Xp-t]mse ˛ "D≈n¬' AYhm "apI-fn¬'

F∂¿∞w.

4. Kem-. 3:6; {]hr. 18:8; 27:25; 1 tbml. 3:23; 5:10 XpS-ßnb hmIy-ß-fn-te-Xp-t]mse KXnsb

IqSm-sX-bp≈ I¿Ω ]Z-Øns‚ hn`-‡n.

5. tlm´n, A¿∞w ""AXp hniz-kn-°pI.'' F¥p hniz-kn-°Ww F∂p kqNn-∏n-°p∂p

a. tbip ssZh-Øns‚ ]cn-ip-≤-\mWv (tbm-l-∂m≥ 6:69)

b. tbip Rm\m-Ip-∂-h≥ (tbm-l-∂m≥ 8:24)

c. tbip ]nXm-hnepw ]nXmhv tbip-hnepw BIp∂p (tbm-l-∂m≥ 10:38)

d. tbip-hmWv ainlm (tbm-l-∂m≥ 11:27; 20:31)

e. tbip ssZh-Øns‚ ]p{X\mWv (tbm-l-∂m≥ 11:27; 20:31)

f. tbip ]nXm-hn-\m¬ Ab-°-s∏-´-h-\m-bn-cp∂p (tbm-l-∂m≥ 11:42; 17:8,21)

g. tbip ]nXm-hp-ambn H∂m-bn-cn-°p-∂p (tbm-l-∂m≥ 14:10˛11)

h. tbip ]nXm-hn¬ \n∂pw h∂p (tbm-l-∂m≥ 16:27,30)

104

i. ""Rm≥ BIp∂p'' F∂ ]nXm-hns‚ DS-º-Sn-bpsS \ma-tØmSv tbip Xs∂-Øs∂ XmZm-

fly-s∏-SpØp∂p (tbm-l-∂m≥ 8:24; 13:19)

j. \mw Ah-t\m-Sp-IqsS Pohn°pw (tdm-a¿ 6:8)

k. tbip acn-°p-Ibpw Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂-ev°p-Ibpw sNbvXp (1 sX -sem-\oIy¿ 4:14)

NASB, NKJV ""Ahs‚ hnizmkw''

NRSV ""AØcw hnizmkw''

TEV, NJB ""Cu hnizmkamWv''

A{_mlmans‚ hnizmkw Ah\p \oXnbmbn IW°n´p. CXv A{_mlmans‚ {]hrØnIfpsS

ASnÿm\Øne√, Ahs‚ {]XnIcWØns‚ ASnÿm\ØnemWv. Ahs‚ {]hrØnIƒ Ahs‚

hnizmksØ ÿncoIcn®p (H.t\m. bmt°m. 2:14˛16).

""IW°nSpI'' F∂ ]Zw ôs\lmkns\°pdn®v k¶o. 106:13 s‚ sk]v‰zPn‚nepw D]tbmKn®n´p≠v.

kwJy. 25:11˛13 s‚ kqN\bmWXv. Cu kw`hØn¬ IW°nS¬ ôs\lmkns‚ {]hrØnbpsS

ASnÿm\Ønembncp∂p. F∂m¬ Dev]. 15:6 ¬ A{_mlmant‚Xv A{]Imca√mbncp∂p!

""A`‡s\ \oXoIcn°p∂h\n¬ hnizkn°p∂ht\m Ahs‚ hnizmkw \oXnbmbn IW°n-

Sp∂p'' CsXmcp sRń∏n°p∂ {]kvXmh\bmWv! hm. 3 ¬ A{_mlmans\°pdn®p≈ {]kvXmh\bv°p

kam¥camWnXv (Dev]. 15:6). \oXn am\pjnI {]IS\Øns‚ êa√ adn®v ssZhnI Zm\amWv (3:24 s‚

Ipdn∏p ImWpI). 1:17 se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw ImWpI.

4:6 ""{]hrØnIqSmsX'' ]usemkv Xs‚ ]gb \nba D≤cWn (H.t\m. k¶o. 32:1˛2) sImSp°p∂Xn\p

sXm´p apºv CXv Dƒs∏SpØns°m≠v AXns‚ {]m[m\yw Du∂n∏dbp∂p. a\pjy≥ ssZhhpambn

\nc∏mIp∂Xv aX]camb NSßpIƒsIm≠√, adn®v {InkvXphns‚ a[yÿXbm¬ e`yamIp∂ Ir]-

bneqsSbpw hy‡n]camb hnizmkØns‚ ASnÿm\ØnepamWv (H.t\m. 3:21˛31; Fs^. 2:8˛10).

""ZmhoZv'' A{_mlmw ]q¿ÆXbp≈ Hcp a\pjy\√mXncp∂n´pw hnizmkØm¬ ssZhtØmSp \nc∏p

{]m]n®Xpt]msebmWv ZmhoZpw (H.t\m. k¶o. 32 & 51). ssZhw X∂nepw (]gb \nbaw) Xs‚ ]p{X\nepw

(]pXnb \nbaw) hnizmka¿∏n°p∂ hogvN kw`hn® a\pjysc (Dev]Øn 3) kvt\ln°pIbpw AhtcmSp

tN¿∂p {]h¿Øn°pIbpw sNøp∂p.

4:7,8 k¶o. 32:1˛2 ¬ \n∂p≈ D≤cWnbmWnXv. hm. 7 se c≠p {Inbm]Zßfpw ""tamNn®pw'', ""asd®pw''

`qXIme I¿ΩWn {]tbmKßfmWv. ssZhamWv a[yh¿Øn. hm. 8 ¬ i‡amb Cc´ \ntj[w ImWmw.

""bmsXmcp kmlNcyØnepw'' IW°nSmØ, ta¬ NpaØmØ, IW°nseSp°mØ F∂mW¿∞w. Cu

D≤cWnbnse aq∂p {Inbm]Zßƒ {i≤n°pI; F√mw ]m]Øns‚ tamN\sØ kqNn∏n°p∂p.

4:7 ""]m]w asd®pw Inńbh≥'' k¶o. 32:1 ¬ \n∂p≈ D≤cWnbmWnXv. ""adbv°pI'' F∂ Bibw

bn{kmtbens‚ bmKkw_‘amb NSßpIfpsS tI{μambncp∂p (AXm. tehy. 1˛7). ssZhw ]m]w

adbv°p∂XneqsS (`qXIme I¿ΩWn kqNIw) Ah≥ AXns\ Xs‚ ZrjvSnbn¬ \n∂pw am‰p∂p (H.t\m.

sbi. 38:17; aoJm 7:19, {_u¨, ss{Uh¿, {_oKvkv, t]Pv 491). CtX Bibw ""adbv°pI'' (Im^m¿)

F∂Xn\v hyXykvX ]ZamWv D]tbmKn°p∂sX¶nepw alm ]m]]cnlmc Zn\Ønse NSßmb, bn{km-

tbens‚ ]m]w adbv°p∂Xn\v ""Ir]mk\''Ønt∑¬ c‡w Xfn°p∂Xn\pw D]tbmKn®n´p≠v (AXm.

tehy. 16). kam\amb thZ]pkvXI kmZriyamWv Hcphs‚ ]m]ßƒ ambn°pI (H.t\m. sbi. 1:18;

43:25) As√¶n¬ am™pIn´pI (H.t\m. {]hr. 3:19; sImsem. 2:14; shfn. 3:5) F∂Xv.

4:8 ""I¿Ømhp ]m]w IW°nSmØ a\pjy≥ `mKyhm≥'' k¶o. 32:2 ¬ \n∂p≈ D≤cWnbmWnXv.

""IW°nSpI,'' ""ta¬ NpaØpI'' As√¶n¬ ""Hcphs‚ IW°n¬ \nt£]n°pI'' F∂nhbpsS

s\K‰ohmWnXv. ssZhw hnizmknbpsS BflnI _m¶v A°u≠n¬ ]m]Øns‚ IW°v hchpshbv°p∂n√

(Cc´ \ntj[w); Ah≥ \oXnbmWp IW°nSp∂Xv. CXv ssZhØns‚ Ir]mkz`mhw, Zm\w, {]Jym]\w

F∂nhbpsS ASnÿm\ØnemWv, A√msX a\pjys‚ tbmKyX, t\´w, {]IS\w F∂nhbpsS ASn-

ÿm\Øne√!

105

tdma¿ 4:9˛129Cu `mKyh¿Æ\w ]cnt—Zs\t°m? A{KN¿ΩØn∂p IqsStbm? A{_mlman∂p hnizmkw

\oXnbmbn IW°n´p F∂t√m \mw ]dbp∂Xp. 10Fßs\ IW °n´Xp? ]cnt—Z\bntem?

A{KN¿ΩØntem? ]cnt—Z\bne√. A{KN¿Ω Ønet{X. 11A{KN¿ΩØn¬sh®p D≠mbncp∂

hnizmk\oXn°p ap{Zbmbn ]cn t—Z\ F∂ ASbmfw Ah∂p e`n®Xp A{KN¿ΩtØmsS

hnizkn°p∂h¿ °pwIqsS \oXn IW°nSs∏Sphm¥°hÆw Xm≥ Ah¿°p F√mh¿°pw

]nXmhmbncnt°≠Xn∂pw 12]cnt—Z\ am{Xap≈hc√ \ΩpsS ]nXmhmb A{_mlman∂p

A{KN¿ΩØn¬sh®p D≠mbncp∂ hnizmksØ A\pKan°p ∂hcpamb ]cnt—Z\°m¿°p

]nXmhmbncnt°≠Xn∂pw Xt∂.

4:9˛12 sblqZ aXhmZnIƒ c£bv°v ]cnt—Z\ A\nhmcyamsW∂v (H.t\m. KemXyteJ\hpw {]hr. 15

se sbcqitew Iu¨knepw) \njvI¿jn°p∂Xns‚ ASnÿm\ØnemImw ]usemkv ]cnt—Z\sb-

°pdn®p≈ N¿® ChnsS Dƒs∏SpØnbncn°p∂Xv.

d∫namcpsS hymJym\ coXnIfn¬ {]K¤\mb ]usemkv Dev]. 15:6 epw k¶o. 32:2 epw kam\amb

{Inbm]Zw (F{_mb ]Xn∏nepw {Ko°v sk]v‰zPn‚nepw) ImWp∂Xmbn a\ nem°nbncp∂p. CXmbncn°mw

ssZhimkv{X]camb Dt±iyØn\mbn Cu thZ`mKßsf kwtbmPn∏n°m≥ Ahs\ t{]cn∏n®Xv.

4:9 hm. 9 se tNmZyw ""A√'' F∂ DØcw {]Xo£n°p∂p. ssZhw kIebmfpIsfbpw PmXnIsft∏mepw

hnizmkØm¬ kzoIcn°p∂p. Dev]. 15:6 ho≠pw D≤cn°p∂p. sblqZ PmXnbpsS ]nXmhmb A{_mlm-

ans‚ta¬ \oXn IW°n´Xv tamsibpsS \ymb{]amWØn\pw (hm. 13), Ah≥ ]cnt—Z\ Gev°p∂Xn\pw

(H.t\m. Dev]. 17) apºmbncp∂p.

4:10˛11 ""hnizmk\oXn°p ap{Zbmbn ]cnt—Z\ F∂ ASbmfw'' A{_mlmans\ hnfn°pIbpw

\oXnam\mbn IW°nSpIbpw sNbvXtijw ssZhw Ah\v DSºSnbpsS ASbmfambn ]cnt—Z\ \evIn

(Dev]. 17:9˛14). GPnb≥ Zzo]pIfn¬ \n∂p h∂ sênkvXy¿ HgnsI ]pcmX\ kao]]q¿Δ tZißfnse

apgph≥ BfpIfpw ]cnt—Z\ G‰ncp∂p. Ahsc kw_‘n®v ]cnt—Z\ _meyØn¬ \n∂pw ]pcpjXz-

Ønte°p {]thin°p∂ NSßmbncp∂p. sblqZPohnXØn¬ AXv DSºSn AwKXzØnte°v {]thin°p-

∂Xpw BÏpń P\n®v F´mw Znhkw \SØp∂Xpamb aX]camb NSßmbncp∂p.

Cu hmIyØn¬ ""ap{Z,'' ""ASbmfw'' F∂nh kam¥chpw A{_mlmans‚ hnizmksØ kqNn∏n-

°p∂XpamIp∂p. ""hnizmk\oXn°v'' F∂ kw_‘nIm hn`‡n hm. 13¬ Bh¿Øn®ncn°p∂p. hnip≤\mb

ssZhtØmSp \nc∏p≈hcmbn {]Jym]n°s∏Sp∂Xns‚ Xmt°m¬ ]cnt—Z\b√, hnizmkamWv.

4:11 ""A{KN¿ΩtØmsS hnizkn°p∂h¿°pwIqsS ... ]nXmhmbncnt°≠Xn\pw'' KemXyteJ\-

Øn\ptijw FgpXs∏´XmWv tdmamteJ\w. (1) XßfpsS hwi]mcºcyØnepw (H.t\m. aØm. 3:9;

tbml. 8:33,37,39) (2) tamssiI \ymb{]amWØns‚ (]gb\nba ]mcºcyw As√¶n¬ ]nev°meØv

FgpXs∏´Xpw X¬aqZv F∂p hnfn°s∏Sp∂Xpamb hmbvsamgn ]mcºcyßƒ) Imem\pkrX sblqZ

hymJym\ßƒ {]mh¿ØnIam°p∂Xnepw B{ibn°p∂ sblqZ {]hWXsb°pdn®v ]usemkv

t_m[hm\mbncp∂p. AXn\m¬ hnizmkØm¬ hnizmknIfmbnØo¿∂ kIecpsSbpw DZmØ

amXrIbmbn Ah≥ A{_mlmans\ D]tbmKn®p (hnizkn°p∂ A{KN¿ΩnIfmb PmXnIfpsS ]nXmhv,

H.t\m. 2:28˛29; Kem. 3:29).

""ap{Z'' Xmsgs°mSpØncn°p∂ {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw ImWpI.

{]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: ap{ZXmsgs°mSp-Øn-cn°p-∂-hsb ImWn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ]pcm-X\ coXn-bm-bn-cp∂p ap{Z:

1. kXyw (H.-t\m. 3:33)

2. DS-a-ÿX (H.-t\m. tbml. 6:27; 2 Xnsam. 2:19; shfn. 7:2˛3).

3. kpc-£n-XXzw AYhm kwc-£Ww (H.-t\m. Dev]. 4:15; aØmbn 27:66; tdma. 15:28; 2 sImcn. 1:22;

Fs^-. 1:13; 4:30).

4. ssZhn-I-Zm-\-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ hmKvZ-Ø-Øns‚ bmYm¿∞ysØ kw_-‘n® Hcp AS-bm-fhpw

BImw AXv (H.-t\m. tdma. 4:11; 1 sImcn. 9:2).

ssZh-t{Im[w Ah-cp-sS-ta¬ sNmcn-bm-sX-hÆw ssZh-P-\sØ thdn´p \n¿ØpI F∂-XmWv

ap{ZbpsS Dt±-iyw. kmØms‚ ap{Z, ssZh-tIm-]-Øn-\n-c-I-fmb Ahs‚ P\sØ Xncn-®-dn-bm-\p-]-I-cn-

°p-∂p. shfn-∏mSp ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ ""]oU'' (A-Xm. Xven]vkn-kv˛qliyijqliyijqliyijqliyijqliyij) F√m-bvt∏mgpw Ahn-izm-kn-

106

Iƒ hnizm-kn-Isf D]-{Z-hn-°p-∂Xpw tIm]w/t{Im[w (A-Xm. Hm¿Kn As√-¶n¬ Xptam-kv˛orghorghorghorghorgh/qumojqumojqumojqumojqumoj)F√m-bvt∏m-gpw,-A-h¿ am\-km-¥-c-s∏´v {InkvXp-hn-te°p Xncn-bpI F∂ Dt±-iy-tØm-Sp-IqSn Ahn-izm-

kn-I-fp-sS-ta¬ sNmcn-bp∂ ssZhnI \ymb-hn-[n-bp-am-Wv. \ymb-hn-[n-bpsS Cu km[-Im-flI Dt±iyw

Bh¿Ø\w 27˛28 se DS-ºSn im]-Øn¬/A\p-{K-l-Øn¬ ImWm≥ Ign-bpw.

""Poh-\p≈ ssZhw'' F∂ {]-tbmKw ""btlmh'' F∂ \maw- D-]-tbm-Kn-®p≈ Hcp ]Z-hn-\ym-k-amWv

(H.-t\m. ]pd. 3:14; k¶o. 42:2; 84:2; aØmbn 16:16).- CtX ]Z-hn-\ymkw ""btlm-h-bmW'' F∂ thZ-]p-

kvXI BW-bnepw ImWm≥ Ign-bpw.

4:12 ""A\pKan°p∂hcpamb'' ]´mf°m¿ Hcphcnbmbn am¿®v sNøp∂Xns\ kqNn∏n°p∂Xn\v

D]tbmKn°p∂ ssk\nI ]ZamWnXv (tÃmbnsJtbm ˛ stoicewstoicewstoicewstoicewstoicew) (H.t\m. {]hr. 21:24; Kem. 5:25; 6:16;

^nen. 3:16). hnizkn°p∂ sblqZ∑msc°pdn®mWv Cu hmIyØn¬ ]usemkv kwkmcn°p∂Xv

(""]cnt—Z\°m¿°p ]nXmhv''). ssZhØnepw Ahs‚ hmKvZØßfnepw hnizmkw A¿∏n°p∂ F√mh-

cpsSbpw ]nXmhmWv A{_mlmw.

Cc´ hnthNI t`ZIw (t‰mbnkv ˛ toijtoijtoijtoijtoij) \nanØw Cu c≠masØ hnjbw (""A\pKan°p∂hcpamb'')

tIhew Hcp {]mhiysØ hnizmksØb√, adn®v PohnXssieo hnizmksØbmWv (h¿Øam\Ime

a[ya (Unt]mW‚ v) A]q¿Æ{Inb) kqNn∏n°p∂sX∂v a\ nem°mw. c£ tIhew Hcp Xocpam\tam

k∂≤X {]ISn∏n°p∂ \nanjtam A√, XpS¿am\amb _‘amWv.

tdma¿ 4:13-˛1513temImhImin BIpw F∂p≈ hmKvZØw A{_mlmant∂m Ahs‚ k¥Xnt°m

\ymb{]amWØme√ hnizmkØns‚ \oXnbmet√m e`n®Xp. 14F∂m¬ \ymb{]amWap≈h¿

AhIminIƒ F¶n¬ hnizmkw hy¿∞hpw hmKvZØw Zp¿∫ehpw F∂p hcpw. 15\ymb{]amWtam

tIm]Øn∂p tlXp hmIp∂p; \ymb{]amWw C√mtØSØp ewL\hpan√.

4:13 ""temImhImin BIpw'' Dev]. 12:3; 18:18; 22:18; ]pd. 19:5,6 s‚ shfn®Øn¬ Cu km¿ΔeuInI

{]kvXmh\ hfsc {]m[m\yap≈XmWv. kIe a\pjyscbpw hnfn°p∂Xn\mbn ssZhw A{_mlmans\

hnfn®p (H.t\m. Dev]. 1:26˛17; 3:15)! A{_mlmapw Ahs‚ k¥XnIfpw apgptemIØn\pw th≠nbp≈

shfn∏mSns‚ am¿§ambnØotcWw. ssZhcmPyw qanbn¬ F∂Xns\ ]cma¿in°p∂ as‰mcp am¿§amWnXv

(aØm. 6:10).

""hmKvZØw A{_mlmant\m Ahs‚ k¥Xnt°m'' A{_mlman\p ssZhw ""tZiØns‚bpw

k¥XnbpsSbpw'' hmKvZØw \evIn (Hm.t\m. Dev]. 12:1˛3; 15:1˛6; 17:1˛8; 22:17˛18). ]gb \nbaw tZiØn¬

(]ekvXo≥) {i≤ tI{μoIcn®t∏mƒ ]pXnb \nbaw ""k¥Xn''bn¬ {i≤ tI{μoIcn®p (tbip ainlm,

H.t\m. Kem. 3:16,19). F¶nepw ChnsS ""k¥Xn'' kqNn∏n°p∂Xv hnizmk P\XsbbmWv (H.t\m. Kem.

3:29). kIe hnizmknIfpsSbpw hnizmkØn\m[mcw ssZhØns‚ hmKvZØßfmWv (H.t\m. Kem.

3:14,17,18,19,21,22,29; 4:28; F{_m. 5:13˛18).)

""\ymb{]amWØme√'' tamssiI \ymb{]amWw CXphscbpw shfns∏SpØs∏´ncp∂n√. {]m[m\yw

kqNn∏n°p∂Xn\mbn Cu {]tbmKw {Ko°p hmNIØns‚ XpS°ØnemWv tN¿Øncn°p∂Xv. am\pjnI

bXv\hpw ssZhIr]bpw (H.t\m. 3:21˛31) XΩnep≈ hyXymksØ Du∂n∏dbp∂ hfsc {][m\s∏´

t]mbn‚mWnXv. c£bpsS am¿§sa∂ \nebn¬ \ym{]amWsØ Ir] Akm[phm°n (H.t\m. F{_m.

8:7,13). 13:9 se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw: tamssiI \ymb{]amWsØ kw_‘n® ]usemkns‚ ho£Ww

ImWpI.


th≠n-bp-≈tXm Bb H∂mwXcw tkm]m-[nI hmN-I-am-Wv. Xs‚ bp‡n]camb hmZsØ Dd∏n°p∂-

Xn\mWv ]usemkv Cu sR´n∏n°p∂ {]kvXmh\ ]dbp∂Xv. {]`mjWIebpsS Du∂¬ \evIp∂

H∂mwXcw kmt]m[nI hmNIØns‚ DZmlcWamWnXv. Cu {]kvXmh\ kXyamsW∂v Ah≥ hnizkn-

°p∂n√, adn®v AXns‚ hy¿∞X Nq≠n°mWn°p∂Xn\mbn AXp ]dbpIbmWv (H.t\m. hm. 2).

]cnt—Z\bpsS Zriyamb ASbmfamb hwiob sblqZ∑mc√ temIØns‚ AhIminIƒ, adn®v

ssZhØns‚ lnXØnepw hN\Ønepw hnizkn°p∂hcmWv AhIminIƒ. imcocnI ]cnt—Z\b√

hnizmkamWv bYm¿∞ DSºSn ASbmfw (H.t\m. 2:28˛29).

107

NASB, NKJV ""hnizmkw hy¿∞am°s∏´p''

NRSV ""hnizmkw Akm[phmWv''

TEV ""a\pjys‚ hnizmkw H∂pan√mXmIp∂p''

NJB ""hnizmkw A¿∞an√mØXmIp∂p''

CXv sIs\mHm (kenowkenowkenowkenowkenow) F∂ ]ZØns‚ ]q¿Æ I¿ΩWn kqNIamWv. ""iq\yam°pI,'' ""ASnÿm\-

an√mØsX∂p ImWn°pI,'' ""t`mjvImsW∂p hcpØpI'' (H.t\m. 1 sImcn. 1:17) F∂ A¿∞w hcp∂

Hcp i‡amb {Ko°p ]ZØns‚ ÿncamb AhÿsbbmWXp kqNn∏n°p∂Xv. ]usemkv Cu ]Zw 1

sImcn. 1:17; 9:15; 2 sImcn. 9:3; ^nen. 2:7 ¬ D]tbmKn®n´p≠v.

NASB ""hmKvZØw d±m°s∏´p''

NKJV ""hmKvZØw Hcp {]tbmP\hpan√mØXmbn''

NRSV ""hmKvZØw hy¿∞amWv''

TEV ""ssZhnI hmKvZØw hnebn√mØXv''

NJB ""hmKvZØw H∂n\pw sIm≈mØXv''

CXpw ""iq\yam°pI,'' ""d±p sNøpI,'' ""Ahkm\n∏n°pI'' Nnet∏mƒ ""\in∏n°pI'' AYhm ""\n¿Ωqe-

am°pI'' F∂pt]mepw A¿∞whcp∂ Hcp i‡amb {Ko°p ]ZØns‚ ÿncamb Ahÿsb

kqNn∏n°p∂ ]q¿Æ I¿ΩWn kqNIamWv. Cu ]Zhpw ]usemkv tdma. 3:3, 31; 6:6; 7:2,6; 1 sImcn. 2:6;

13:8; 15:24,26; 2 sImcn. 3:7; Kem. 5:4; 2 sX . 2:8 F∂o hmIyßfn¬ D]tbmKn®n´p≠v. Cu hmIyØn¬

Hcp kam¥cXzw hy‡amWv. c£bv°p c≠p hgnIfn√. Ir]bpsS ]pXnb DSºSn, I¿Ω am¿§Øns‚

]gb DSºSnsb hy¿∞hpw Zp¿∫ehpw B°nbncn°p∂p. 3:3 se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw: hy¿∞hpw

iq\yhpw ImWpI.

4:15 ""\ymb{]amWtam ... \ymb{]amWw'' Cu ]ZØns‚ BZy D]tbmKØn\v {Ko°v hnthNIt`ZIw

Ds≠¶nepw c≠m-a-tØ-Xn¬ C√. {Ko°v hnth-NI t`Z-I-Øns‚ km∂n-[yØnt\m Akm-∂n-[yØnt\m

AXy-[nIw {]m[m\yw \evIp-∂Xv A]-I-S-I-c-am-sW-¶nepw Cu kμ¿`-Øn¬ ]usemkv c≠v A¿∞-Øn-

emWv Cu ]Z-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-sX∂v ImWn-°m≥ AXp klm-bn-°pw.

1. sblq-Z-∑m¿ c£-bv°p-th≠n B{i-bn-°p∂ tamssiI \ymb-{]-am-Whpw AXns‚ hmsam-gnbpw

2. {]amWw F∂ Bibw s]mXp-hn¬

hnime A¿∞-Øn¬ CXn-t\mtSm As√-¶n¬ km∑m¿§n-I-X-bpsS kmwkvIm-cnI {]am-W-tØmtSm

aX-]-c-amb NS-ßp-I-tfmtSm XmZm-fly-s∏-Sp-Ibpw AXns‚ A\p-jvTm-\-Øm¬ ssZh-Øm¬ AwKo-I-cn-°-

s∏-Sp-sa∂p hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ kzb-˛-\o-Xn-°m-cmb PmXn-Ifpw CXn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p.

""\ymb-{]-am-Wtam tIm]-Øn\p tlXp-hm-Ip∂p'' CsXmcp sR´n-∏n-°p∂ {]kvXm-h-\-bmWv (H.-t\m.

3:20; Kem. 3:10˛11; sImsem. 2:14). tamssiI \ymb-{]-amWw Hcn-°epw c£m-am¿§-ambn Dt±-in-®n-´n√ (H.-

t\m. Kem. 3:23˛29). CXv GsXmcp sblq-Zs\ kw_-‘n®pw (\n-b-a-hm-Znsb kw_-‘n-®pw) a\- n-em-°mt\m

AwKo-I-cn-°p-hmt\m {]bm-k-ap≈ kXy-amWv F¶nepw ]usem-kns‚ hmZ-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-am-W-Xv. 13:9

se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWp-I.

""\ymb-{]-am-Ww C√m-tØ-SØv ewL-\hpw C√'' a\p-jy-h¿§w Ah¿°p e`n® shfn-®-Øn\v ssZh-

tØmSp IW°p t_m[n-∏n-°-Ww. PmXn-Iƒ Hcn-°epw Ah¿°p e`n-®n- n-√mØ \ymb-{]-am-W-Øm¬ \ymbw-

hn-[n-°-s∏-Sp-I-bn-√. {]Ir-Xn-bn-bse shfn-∏m-Sn-\mWv Ah¿ IW°p t_m[n-∏n-t°-≠Xv (H.-t\m. 1:19-˛20;

2:14-˛15).

ChnsS ]usem-kns‚ hmZ-Øn¬ Cu kXyw Hcp ]Sn-IqSn aptºm´p t]mIp-∂p. tamssiI \ymb-{]-

amWw ssZhsØ hy‡-ambn shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xp-hsc Ah≥ a\p-jys‚ ewL-\-ßsf tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-

cp-∂n√ (H.-t\m. 3:20,25; 4:15; 5:13,20; 7:5, 7˛8; {]hr. 14:16; 17:30; 1 sImcn. 15:56).

tdma¿ 4:16- 2516AXpsIm≠p Ir]mZm\w F∂p htc≠Xn∂p hnizmkØmet{X AhIminIƒ BIp∂Xp;

hmKvZØw kIek¥Xn°pw, \ymb{]amWap≈h¿°p am{Xa√, A{_mlmans‚ hnizmkap≈-

h¿°pwIqsS Dd∏mtI≠Xn∂p Xs∂. 17acn®hsc Pohn∏n°bpw C√mØXns\ D≈Xns\t∏mse

hnfn°bpw sNøp∂h\mbn Xm≥ hnizkn® ssZhØns‚ Zr„nbn¬ Ah≥ \aps°√mh¿°pw

]nXmhmtI≠Xn∂p Xt∂. ""Rm≥ \ns∂ _lpPmXnIƒ°p ]nXmhm°nsh®p'' F∂p

FgpXnbncn°p∂pht√m. 18""\ns‚ k¥Xn CΔÆw BIpw'' F∂p Acpfns®bvXncn°p∂Xpt]mse

108

Xm≥ _lpPmXnIƒ°p ]nXmhmIpw F∂p Ah≥ Bsi°p hntcm[ambn BitbmsS

hnizkn®p. 19Ah≥ GItZiw \qdp hb p≈h\mIbm¬ Xs‚ icocw \n¿÷ohambnt∏mbXpw

kmdbpsS K¿`]m{XØns‚ \n¿÷ohXzhpw {Kln®n´pw hnizmkØn¬ £oWn®n√. 20ssZhØns‚

hmKvZØØn¶¬ AhnizmkØm¬ kwibn°msX hnizmkØn¬ i‡ns∏´p ssZhØn∂p

alXzw sImSpØp, 21Ah≥ hmKvZØw sNbvXXp {]h¿Øn∏m\pw i‡≥ F∂p ]q¿Æambn

Dsd®p. 22AXpsIm≠p AXp Ah∂p \oXnbmbn IW°n´p. 23Ah∂p IW°n´p F∂p FgpXn

bncn°p∂Xp Ahs\ hnNmcn®p am{Xw A√, \sΩ hnNmcn®pwIqsS BIp∂p. 24\ΩpsS

AXn{Iaßƒ\nanØw acWØn∂p Gev]n®pw \ΩpsS \oXoIcWØn∂mbn Dbn¿∏n®pancn°p∂25\ΩpsS I¿Ømhmb tbiphns\ acn®hcn¬\n∂p Dbn¿∏n®h\n¬ hnizkn°p∂ \ap°pw

IW°nSphm\p≈XmIbm¬ Xt∂.

4:16 hm. 14 apX-ep≈ ]usem-kns‚ hmZ-Øns‚ at\m-l-c-amb kw{K-l-am-Wn-Xv.

1. a\p-jy≥ hnizm-k-Øm¬ {]Xn-I-cn-°Ww

2. ssZh-Øns‚ Ir]m-hmKvZ-Ø-ß-tfmSv

3. hnizmkw A\p-h¿Øn-°p∂ A{_m-lm-ans‚ kIe k¥-XnIƒ°pw (Pm-Xnbpw sblqZ-\pw)

hmKvZØw Dd-∏p-≈-XmWv

4. hnizm-k-Øn-\p-S-a-I-fmb kI-e¿°pw amXr-I-bmWv A{_mlmw

""kIe ... F√m-h¿°pw'' CXv kIe hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw (Pm-Xnbpw sblqZ-\pw) kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.

NASB, NRSV, TEV, NIV ""Dd-∏m-tI-≠-Xn\v'

NKJV ""Dd∏v''

REB ""hmKvZØw hy¿∞amWv''

TEV ""hne-bp≈Xv''

NET ""Xo¿®-bp≈Xv''

Xmsg-bp≈ {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWpI

{]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: Dd∏vs__m-bn-tbmkv (bebaiojbebaiojbebaiojbebaiojbebaioj) F∂ {Ko°p ]Z-am-Wn-Xv. AXn\v aq∂v A¿∞-X-e-ß-fp-≠v.

1. Dd-∏p-≈-Xv, \n›-b-ap-≈-Xv, B{i-bn-°m≥ sIm≈m-Ip-∂Xv (H.-t\m. tdma. 4:16; 2 sImcn. 1:7;

F{_m.- 2:20; 3:6,14; 6:19; 2 ]s{Xm. 1:10,19)

2. hnizm-k-tbm-Ky-amb H∂ns\ ImWn-°p∂ As√-¶n¬ ÿm]n-°p∂ {]{Inb (H.-t\m. tdma. 15:8;

F{_m. 2:2, Louw and Nida, Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testment, Vol. 1, pp. 340,377,670).3. ]m∏n-d-kn¬ AXv \nb-am-\p-kX Kymc‚n-°p≈ kmt¶-XnI ]Z-am-bn-Øo¿∂p (cf. Moulton and

Milligan, The Vocabulary of the Greek New Testament, pp. 107-108).hm. 14 s‚ hn]-co-X-am-bn-cn°mw CXv, ssZhnI hmKvZ-Ø-ßƒ Dd-∏p-≈-XmWv!

4:17-˛23 ]usemkv ho≠pw (1) Ir]m-hm-KvZ-Ø-ßƒ°v ssZhw ap≥ssI-sb-Sp-°p-∂Xpw (2) a\p-jy-h¿§-

Øn¬ \n∂pw Bh-iy-s∏-Sp∂ {]mcwhpw XpS-cp-∂-Xp-amb hnizmk {]Xn-I-cWw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\pambn

A{_m-lmans\ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p (D-S-º-Sn, 1:5 s‚ Ipdn∏v ImWp-I). DS-º-Sn-bn¬ F√m-bvt]mgpw c≠p I£n-

I-fpsS {]hrØn Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p.

4:17 ""acn-®-hsc Pohn-∏n-°bpw'' Cu kμ¿`-Øn¬ CXv A{_m-lm-an\pw kmdmbv°pw XncnsI In´nb

ssewKnI i‡nsb kqNn-∏n-°p∂p (H.-t\m. hm. 19).

""C√m-Ø-Xns\ D≈-Xn-s\-t∏mse hnfn-°bpw'' Cu kμ¿`-Øn¬ CXv kmdm bnkvlm-°ns\ K¿`w

[cn-®-Xns\ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p, F¶nepw CXv hnizm-k-Øns‚ \n¿Æm-bI hi-sØbpw kqNn-∏n-°p∂p (H.-

t\m. F{_m. 11:1).

""_lp-Pm-Xn-Iƒ°p ]nXm-hm-°n-sh®p F∂v Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂p-ht√m'' Dev]. 17:5 ¬\n∂p≈ D≤-

cWn BWn-Xv. sk]v‰z-Pn‚n¬ ""PmXn-Iƒ'' (Gentiles) F∂mWv; ChnsS nations F∂pw. ssZhw F√m-

bvt]mgpw B{Kln-®Xv A{_m-lm-ans‚ k¥-Xn-I-fpsS am{Xw hos≠-Sp-∏-√, BZm-ans‚ kIe k¥-Xn-I-

fp-sSbpw hos≠-Sp-∏m-bn-cp∂p (H.-t\m. Dev]. 3:15). A{_mans‚ ]pXnb t]cmb A{_m-lm-ans‚ A¿∞w

109

""_lp-Pm-Xn-Iƒ°p ]nXmhv'' F∂m-Wv. AXn¬ imco-cnI k¥-Xn-I-f-√, hnizmk k¥-Xn-I--fmWv Dƒs∏-´n-

cn-°p-∂-sX∂v Ct∏mƒ \ap-°-dn-bmw.

4:18

NASB, NKJV ""\ns‚ k¥Xn CΔÆw BIpw''

NRSV ""\ns‚ k¥Xn CΔÆw AkwJyw BIpw''

TEV ""\ns‚ k¥Xn At\Iw BIpw''

NJB ""\ns‚ k¥Xn \£-{X-ßƒt]mse At\Iw BIpw''

Hcp aI-s\-°p-dn®v ssZhw A{_m-lm-an\p \evInb hmKvZ-Øns‚ \n›-bsØ Dd-∏n-°p∂ Dev]. 15:5

¬\n∂p≈ D≤-c-Wn-bm-WnXv (hm. 19-˛22). Hm¿°pI bnkvlm°v P\n-®Xv

1. hmKvZ-Ø-Øn\v 13 h¿j-Øn\p tijw

2. A{_mlmw kmdmsb hn´p-sIm-Sp-°m≥ {ian-®-Xn-\p-tijw (2 {]m-h-iyw, H.-t\m. Dev]. 12:10-˛19; 20:1˛7)

3. A{_m-lm-an\v kmdm-bpsS an{k-boay Zmkn-bmb lmKm-dn¬ Hcp aI≥ P\n-®-Xn-\p-tijw (H.-t\m.

Dev]. 16:1˛6)

4. kmdmbpw (H.-t\m. Dev]. 18:12) A{_m-lmapw (H.-t\m. Dev]. 17:17) hmKvZØw tI´p Nncn-®-Xn-\p-ti-jw

A{_m-lm-an\pw kmdmbv°pw ]q¿Æ-X-bp≈ hnizmkw C√m-bn-cp∂p! c£bv°v Hcp ]q¿Æ-X-bp≈

hnizmkw Bh-iy-an-√, adn®v icn-bmb e£yw (]-gb \nb-a-Øn¬ ssZhw, ]pXnb \nb-a-Øn¬ Ahs‚

]p{X≥) aXn F∂-Xn\p ssZh-Øn\p \μn!

NASB ""Bsi°p hntcm-[-ambn Bi-tbmsS hniz-kn®p''

NKJV ""Bsi°p hncp≤ambn Bibn¬ hniz-kn®p''

NRSV ""Bsi°p hntcm-[-ambn Bin®p-sIm≠v Ah≥ hniz-kn®p''

TEV ""Bin°p-hm≥ bmsXmcp ImcWhpw C√m-Xn-cp-∂n´pw A{_mlw hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw Bin-

°p-Ibpw sNbvXp''

NET ""bmsXmcp Bsi°pw hgn-bn-√m-™n´pw Ah≥ Bin°p-Ibpw hniz-kn°pIbpw sNbvXp''

""{]Xymi'' kw_-‘n-®p≈ {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw 12:12 ¬ ImWmw. ]Z-Øn\v hnim-e-amb A¿∞-X-e-

ß-fp-≠v. Z A\m-en-‰n-°¬ {Ko°v eIvkn-°¨ dnssh-kvUv t]Pv 133 ¬ lmtcmƒUv sI. tamƒ´≥ \nc-h[n

D]-tbm-K-ß-fpsS ]´nI \nc-Øp-∂p≠v

1. ASn-ÿm\ A¿∞w, {]Xymi (B-i, H.-t\m. tdma. 5:4; {]hr. 24:15)

2. {]Xym-in-°p∂ hkvXpX (H.-t\m. tdma. 8:24; Kem. 5:5)

3. \mb-I≥ As√-¶n¬ Dd-hnSw (H.-t\m. sImsem. 1:27; 1 Xnsam. 1:1)

4. B{i-bw, Dd∏v (H.-t\m. 1 ]s{Xm. 1:21)

5. Dd-t∏m-Sp-Iq-Snb kpc-£n-XXzw (H.-t\m. {]hr. 2:26; tdma. 8:20)

Cu kμ¿`-Øn¬ c≠v A¿∞-Øn-emWv {]Xymi D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. a\p-jys‚ Ign-hnepw i‡n-

bn-ep-ap≈ Bi (H.-t\m. hm. 19-˛21), ssZhnI hmKvZ-Ø-ß-fn-ep≈ Bi (H.-t\m. hm. 17).

4:19 ""{Kln-®n´pw'' Cu ]cn-`mj Isø-gpØp {]Xn-Iƒ a, A, B, C A\p-k-cn-®mWv. F∂m¬ Nne ]pcm-X\

hen-b-£c Isø-gpØp {]Xn-Iƒ Hcp s\K-‰ohv LSIw (Hu˛auauauauau) IqSn tN¿Øn-cn-°p-∂p (D, F, G). UBS4 \v

Hcp Xocp-am-\-Øn¬ FØm≥ -Ign-bp-∂n√ (“C”td‰nwKvv). F¶nepw lrkz-]m-TsØ ]n¥p-W-bv°p-∂p. NETss__nfpw lrkz-]m-TsØ ]n¥p-W-bv°p-∂p.

4:20 {]mcw-`-am-bn, kmdm-bn¬ aI≥ P\n-°p-sa∂ hmKvZ-ØsØ A{_mlmw ]q¿Æ-ambn a\- n-em-°n-bn-√.

A{_m-lm-ans‚ hnizm-khpw ]q¿Æ-X-bp-≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂n-√. ssZhw A]q¿Æ-cmb a\p-jysc kvt\ln-°p-∂-

Xn-\m¬ Ah≥ A]q¿Æ hnizm-ksØ AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw AXn-\-\p-k-cn®v {]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

""Ahn-izm-k-Øm¬ kwi-bn-°msX'' CtX {Inbm-]-Z-amb Unbm-{Int\m (diakrinwdiakrinwdiakrinwdiakrinwdiakrinw) tbip aØm.

21:21; a¿s°m. 11:23 epw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≠v. A{_m-lm-an\v ssZh-h-N-\sØ (hm-KvZ-Øw) tNmZyw sNøm≥

Imc-W-ßƒ (H.-t\m. hm. 19) D≠m-bn-cp∂p F¶nepw Ah≥ hnizm-k-Øn¬ i‡n-s∏-´p.

hm. 20 se c≠p {Inbm-]-Z-ßfpw `qX-Ime I¿ΩWn kqN-I-ß-fm-Wv. I¿ΩWn {]tbmKw ssZh-Øns‚

CS-\n-esb kqNn-∏n-°p∂p, F¶nepw Xs∂ i‡o-I-cn-°p-hm≥ ssZh-Øns‚ i‡nsb A{_mlw A\p-h-

Zn-t°-≠n-bn-cp∂p (D-S-º-Sn)!

""ssZh-Øn\p alXzw sImSpØp'' 3:23 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWp-I.

4:21 ""Ah≥ hmKvZØw sNbvXXp {]h¿Øn-∏m\pw i‡≥'' CXv ]q¿Æ a[y (Un-t]m-W‚ v) kqN-I-am-

Wv. `qX-ImeØn¬ ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏´ Hcp {]hrØn Ct∏mgpw AtX \ne-bn¬ XpS-cp∂p F∂m-Wn-Xns‚

A¿∞w. hnizm-k-Øns‚ kØ F∂-Xv, a\p-jys‚ {]I-S-\-Øn-e-√, adn®v ssZh-Øns‚ kz`m-h-Ønepw

110

hmKvZ-Ø-ß-fnepw Hcph≥ B{i-bn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv (H.-t\m. 16:25; Fs^. 3:20; bqZm 24). hnizmkw ssZhnI

hmKvZ-Ø-ß-fn¬ B{i-bn-°p∂p (H.-t\m. sbi. 55:11).

NASB ""]q¿Æ-ambn Dd®p''

NKJV, NRSV ""]q¿Æ-ambn t_m[y-s∏-´p-sIm≠v''

TEV ""kºq¿Æ-ambn Dd-∏m°n''

NJB ""]q¿Æ-ambn t_m[y-s∏´v''

Hcp ImcysØ kw_-‘nt®m (H.-t\m. eqs°m. 1:1; sImsem. 4:12) hy‡nsb kw_-‘nt®m (H.-t\m.

tdma. 4:21; 14:5) ]q¿Æ-amb Dd-∏ns\ kqNn-∏n-°p∂ `qX-Ime I¿ΩWn A]q¿Æ-{In-b-bm-Wn-Xv. \ma-cq]w

]q¿Æ Dd-∏ns\ kqNn-∏n-°m≥ sImsem. 2:2; 1 sX . 1:5 epw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Cu Dd∏v hnizm-k-

Øn¬ {]h¿Øn-°m≥ a\p-jys\ t{]cn-∏n-°p∂ ssZh-Øns‚ lnXw, hN-\w, i‡n F∂n-h-bn-emWv!

4:22 Dev]. 15:6 s‚ kqN-\-bm-Wn-Xv (H.-t\m. hm. 3). ssZhw Xs‚ kz¥ \oXn Fß-s\-bmWv ]m]n-I-fmb

a\p-jy¿°p \evIp-∂Xv F∂Xp kw_-‘n® ]usem-kns‚ hmZ-Øns‚ apJy ssZh-imkv{X t]mbn‚m-

Wn-Xv.

4:23˛25 Cu hmIy-ßƒ {Ko°n¬ H‰ hmN-I-am-Wv. apt∂‰w {i≤n-°pI

1. A{_m-lm-ans\ hnNm-cn-®v, hm. 23

2. kIe hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw hnNm-cn-®v, hm. 23

3. tbip-hns\ Dbn¿∏n-®-Xn-eq-sS, hm. 24

4. tbip-hns\ \ΩpsS ]m]-ßƒ°mbn \evIn (H.-t\m. tbml. 3:16), \ΩpsS ]m]-ßƒ tamNn-°p-∂-Xn-

\mbn tbip-hns\ Dbn¿∏n®p (\o-Xo-I-c-Ww), hm. 25

4:24 A{_m-lm-ans‚ hnizmkw F√m kXy-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ°pw ]n¥p-S-cp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Hcp amXr-I-bm-bn-Øo¿∂p.

A{_mlmw Hcp hmKvZØ k¥-Xn-sbbpw k¥-Xn-I-sfbpw kw_-‘n® ssZhnI hmK-ZØw hniz-kn®p

(4:5 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWp-I). hoWp-t]mb a\p-jy-h¿§-tØm-Sp≈ kIe ssZhnI hmKv-Z-Ø-

ßfpw tbip ainlm \nd-th‰n F∂v ]pXnb \nba hnizm-kn-Iƒ hniz-kn-°p-∂p.

""k¥Xn'' F∂ ]Zw GI-h-N-\hpw _lp-h-N-\-hp-amWv (Hcp aI≥, Hcp P\w). ""Dbn¿∏n®'' F∂-Xn\v

8:11 s‚ Ipdn∏v ImWp-I.

""\ΩpsS AXn-{I-a-ßƒ \nanØw acWØn\v Gev]n®pw'' ""in£-bv°mbn Hcp-hs\ Gev]n-®p-sIm-Sp-

°pI'' F∂¿∞w hcp∂ \nb-a-]-Z-am-Wn-Xv. sbi. 53:11-˛12 s‚ sk]v‰z-Pn‚ns\ {]Xn-_nw-_n-∏n-°p∂ A¤p-

X-I-c-amb ssZh-imkv{X {]kvXm-h-\-bmWv hm. 24.

""\ΩpsS \oXo-I-c-W-Øn-\mbn Dbn¿∏n-®p-an-cn-°p∂'' hm. 24 se c≠p D]hmN-I-ßƒ kam-¥-c-

amWv (Htc KXn-bpw, c≠pw `qX-Ime I¿ΩWn kqN-I-ß-fpw). F∂m-eXv ssZh-imkv{X ImcW-ß-fm-e-√,

ssieo-`wKn-°p-th-≠n-bmWv (H.-t\m. 5:9˛10; 2 sImcn. 13:4). {^m¶v ÃmKns‚ ]cn-`mj (New TestamentTheology, p. 97), ""\ΩpsS AXn-{I-a-ßƒ \nanØw Fev]n-®p-sIm-SpØpw \mw \oXn-bp-≈-h-cm-bn-Øocpw

F∂ ho£-W-Øn¬ Dbn¿∏n®pw'' \√ hni-Zo-I-c-W-am-Wv. Cu ]cn-`m-j-bn¬ ""\oXo-I-cn-°pI'' F∂ ]Z-

Øn\p≈ ]usem-kns‚ D]-tbm-K-Øns‚ c≠p hi-ßƒ AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂p: (1) \nb-a-]-c-amb (s^m-d≥kn-

Iv) \nev]v, (2) `‡n-\n¿`c {InkvXp-Xpey PohnXw! 1:17 se {]tXy-I ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWp-I.

tbip-hns‚ Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂ev]v ]usem-kns\ kw_-‘n®v tI{μ ssZh-imkv{X kXy-amWv (H.-t\m.

1:3˛4; 4:24-˛25; 6:4,9; 7:4; 8:11,34; 10:9; 1 sImcn. 6:14; 15:3˛11, 20-˛23; 2 sImcn. 1:9; 4:14; 5:15; 13:4; Kem. 1:1; Fs^.

2:20; sImsem. 2:12; 1 sX . 1:10; 2 Xnsam. 2:8). I√d iq\y-am-Wv, A-s√-¶n¬ {InkvXym-\nXzw Hcp t`mjvIm-

tb-s\.


CXv Hcp ]T-\- am¿K-Z¿iI hymJym\ {KŸ-am-Wv, CXn-\¿∞w \nß-fpsS thZ-]p-kvXI hymJym-\-Øn\v

\nßƒ Xs∂ DØ-c-hm-Zn-I-fmWv F∂m-Wv. \mw Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw \ap°p e`n®n-cn-°p∂ shfn-®-Øn¬ \S-°-

Ww. hymJym-\-Ønse ap≥K-W\m {Iaw \nß-fpw thZ-]p-kvX-Ihpw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hp-am-Wv. CXv Hcp hymJym-

Xm-hns\bpw `c-taev]n-°-cp-Xv.

N¿®bv°p≈ tNmZyßƒ e`yam°nbncn°p∂Xv {KŸØnse Cu `mKØp≈ {][m\s∏´ hnjbßsf



1. tdmam-te-J-\-Øns‚ Cu `mKw {]m[m-\y-ap-≈-Xm-bn-cn-°p-∂-sX-¥p-sIm≠v?

2. F¥p-sIm-≠mWv ]usemkv A{_m-lm-an-s\bpw Zmho-Zn-s\bpw amXr-I-I-fmbn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv?

111

3. ]usem-kns‚ D]-tbm-K-a-\p-k-cn®v Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ Xmt°m¬ ]Z-ßƒ \n¿h-Nn-°pI (\n-ß-fpsS kz¥w

\n¿h-N-\-a-√)

a. ""\oXn''

b. ""IW-°n´p''

c. ""hnizmkw''

d. ""hmKvZØw''

4. sblq-Z-∑m¿°v ]cn-t—-Z\ AXoh {]m[m-\y-ap-≈Xmbncn°p-∂-sX-¥p-sIm≠v(hm. 9˛12)?

5. hm. 13 epw 16 epw ]cm-a¿in-°p∂ ""k¥Xn'' Bsc kqNn-∏n-°p∂p?

112

\oXo-I-cW-Øns‚ hnizmkw IjvSX \oXo-I-cW-Øns‚ ssZh-tØmSv hnizmkw c£

^ew bn¬ Pb-sa-Sp-°p∂p A\-¥-c-^-e-ßƒ \nc∏v Dd-∏m-°p∂p

5:1˛11 5:1˛5 5:1˛5 5:1˛5 5:1˛11

{InkvXp \ΩpsS

ÿm\Øv

5:6˛11 5:6˛11 5:6˛11

BZmapw BZm-an¬ acWw BZmapw {InkvXphpw BZmapw {InkvXphpw BZmapw tbip

{InkvXphpw {InkvXp-hn¬ Poh≥ kmZr-iyhpw {InkvXphpw

ssh]coXyhpw

5:12-˛14 5:12-˛21 5:12-˛14 5:12-˛14b 5:12-˛14

5:14-c˛175:15-˛21 5:15-˛17 5:15-˛21

5:18-˛21 5:18˛19

5:20-˛21
















4. BZnbmbh

]›m-Øe Dƒ°m-gvN-IƒA. hm. 1˛11 {Ko°n¬ H‰ hmN-I-am-Wv. ]usem-kns‚ A®p-X≠v Bi-b-amb ""hnizm-k-Øm¬ Ir]-aqe-

ap≈ \oXo-I-cW'' sØ Ah hnI-kn-∏n-°p∂p (H.-t\m. 3:21˛4:25).

B. hm. 1˛11 \p km[y-amb cq]-tcJ CXmWv

hmIy-ßƒ 1˛5 hmIy-ßƒ 6˛8 hmIy-ßƒ 19˛11

1. c£-bpsS t\´-ßƒ 1. c£-bpsS ASn-ÿm\w 1. c£-bpsS `mhn-Ime Dd∏v

2. \oXo-I-c-W-Øns‚ I¿Ør 2. \oXo-I-c-W-Øns‚ hkvXp 2. \oXo-I-c-W-Øns‚ `mhn

\njvT-amb A\p-`-h-ßƒ \njvT-amb A\p-`-h-ßƒ Ime Dd∏v

3. \oXo-I-cWw 3. ]ptcm-K-a\ hnip-≤o-I-cWw 3. al-Xzo-I-cWw

4. \c-hw-i-imkv{Xw 4. ssZh-imkv{Xw 4. A¥y-Ime imkv{Xw

113

C. hm. 11˛21, tbip c≠mw BZmw F∂ \ne-bn-ep≈ N¿®-bmWv (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 15:21-˛22,45-˛49; ^nen.

2:6˛8). hy‡n-]-c-amb ]m]hpw kaq-l-]m-]hpw F∂ ssZh-imkv{X Bi-b-ßƒ°v AXv Du∂¬

\evIp-∂p. B-Zm-an¬ a\p-jy-h¿§-Øns‚ (kr-jvSn-bp-sS-bpw) hogvN kw_-‘n® ]usem-kns‚ hnI-

knX Bi-bw, d∫n-am-cp-tS-Xn¬\n∂pw (A-h¿ Xß-fpsS ]m]-Øns‚ D]-tZiw Dev]Øn 6 ¬ \n∂mWv

hnI-kn-∏n-®-Xv) XnI®pw hn`n-∂hpw AXp-ey-hp-am-Wv. AtX-k-abw kmaq-lnI ]m]sØ kw_-‘n®

Ahs‚ ho£Ww d∫n-am-cp-tS-Xn\p Xpey-am-Wv. CXp ImWn-°p-∂Xv sbcq-i-te-an¬sh®v Kam-en-tb-

ens‚ Iogn¬ iu¬ ]Tn® kXy-ßƒ ssZh-izm-ko-b-X-bpsS Iogn¬ \n∂p-sIm≠v D]-tbm-Kn-°mt\m

a‰p-≈-hbv°v A\p-_-‘-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°mt\m D≈ ]usem-kns‚ Ign-hn-s\-bmWv (H.-t\m. {]hr.

22:3).

Dev]Øn 3 s‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈ aqe-]m]w F∂ dnt^mwUv Chm-©-en-°¬ D]-tZiw AK-

Ãn\pw Im¬hn\pw cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xm-Wv. AXv ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-ambn {]kvXm-hn-°p-∂Xv a\p-jy≥ ]m]n-

bmbn P\n®p F∂mWv (k-ºq¿Æ hgn-sX-‰¬). ]e-t∏mgpw k¶o. 51:5; 58:3; Ctøm. 15:14; 25:4 F∂n-

hsb ]gb \nba sXfn-hmbn FSp-°m-dp-≠v. CXn\p hn]-co-X-amb ssZh-imkv{X \ne-]mSv a\p-jy≥

]ptcm-K-a-\-]-c-am-bn, [m¿Ωn-I-am-bn, Bfln-I-ambn kz¥ Xnc-s™-Sp-∏p-Iƒ°pw A¥y-hn-[n°pw DØ-

c-hm-Zn-I-fmWv F∂-Xm-Wv. s]te-Pn-bkpw A¿Ωo-\n-b-kp-amWv CXns‚ h‡m-°ƒ. Ah-cpsS ho£-

W-Øn-\p≈ Nne sXfn-hp-Iƒ Bh. 1:39; sbi. 7:15; tbm\m 4:11; tbml. 9:41; 15:22,24; {]hr. 17:30;

tdma. 4:15 ¬ ImWmw. Cu ssZh-imkv{X \ne-]m-Sns‚ Du∂¬ Ipń-Iƒ [m¿ΩnI DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-Øn-

\p≈ {]mb-am-Ipw-hsc (d-∫n-am-cpsS Nn¥-bn¬ CXv BÏp-ń-Iƒ°v 13 hb pw s]Ïp-ń-Iƒ°v

12 hb pw BWv) Ah¿ \njvI-f-¶-cmWv F∂-Xm-Wv.

CXn\p a[y-Øn-ep≈ Hcp \ne-]m-Sv, kl-P-amb Xn∑-bpsS hmk-\bpw [m¿ΩnI DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-

Øn-\p≈ {]mbhpw c≠pw icn-bm-sW-∂-XmWv! ZpjvSX kmaq-ln-I-am-bp-≈Xp am{X-a√ ]m]-Øn-

\p≈ hy‡n-]-c-amb B`n-ap-Jy-ap≈ hnI-k-t\m-∑p-J-amb ZpjvSX IqSn-bmWv (A-Xm-bXv ssZh-

Øn¬\n∂pw IqSp-X¬ IqSp-X¬ AI∂p s]mbvs°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ Pohn-Xw). a\p-jy-h¿§-Øns‚

ZpjvSX A√ hnjbw (H.-t\m. Dev]. 6:5,11˛12,13; tdma. 3:9˛18,23) adn®v Ft∏mƒ, P\-\-Øn-tem, Pohn-

X-Øn¬ ]n∂otSm F∂-Xm-Wv.

D. hm. 12 s‚ kmwKXyw kw_-‘n®v [mcmfw kn≤m-¥-ß-fp≠v

1. F√m -a-\p-jycpw ]m]w sNøp-∂Xp Xnc-s™-Sp-Ø-Xp-sIm≠v F√m a\p-jycpw acn-°p∂p (s]-te-

Pn-b-kv)

2. BZm-ans‚ ]m]w apgp-kr-jvSn-sbbpw _m[n-®-Xp-sIm≠v F√m-hcpw acn-°p∂p (hm. 18-˛19, AK-

Ãn≥)

3. bYm¿∞-Øn¬ AXv aqe-]m-]-Øn-s‚bpw kzta-[bm ]m]-Øn-s‚bpw kwbp-‡-am-Im-\mWp

km[yX.

E. hm. 12 ¬ Bcw-`n-°p∂ ""Cßs\'' F∂ ]usem-kns‚ Xmc-Xayw hm. 18 emWv Ah-km-\n-°p-∂-Xv.

hm. 13-˛17 ]usem-kns‚ cN-\-I-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-bmb Hcp B\p-jw-KnI (C-Sbv°p tN¿Ø-Xv) hmN-

I-am-Wv.

F. ]usem-kns‚ khn-tij Ah-X-c-W-amb 1:18˛8:39 Ct∏mgpw XpS-cp∂ hmZ-amWv F∂ Imcyw Hm¿°p-

I. `mK-ßƒ IrXy-ambn hymJym-\n-°p-∂-Xn\pw ]Tn-°p-∂-Xn\pw apgp-`m-K-sØbpw ImtW-≠-Xp-≠v.

G. A[ymbw 5 s\°p-dn®p am¿ń≥ eqY¿ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂Xv ""Cu hnP-bm-fn-bmb thZ-`m-K-tØmSp InS-

]n-Sn-°p∂ as‰m-c-[ymbw apgp-ss_-_n-fnepw Is≠-ØpI {]bm-k-amWv'' F∂m-Wv.

tdma¿ 5:1- 51hnizmkØm¬ \oXoIcn°s∏ń´p \ΩpsS I¿Ømhmb tbip{InkvXpaqew \ap°p

ssZhtØmSp kam[m\w D≠p. 2\mw \nev°p∂ Cu Ir]bnte°p \ap°p Ah∑qew

hnizmkØm¬ {]thi\hpw e`n®ncn°p∂p; \mw ssZhtXP ns‚ {]Xymibn¬ {]iwkn°p∂p.3AXp Xt∂ A√, I„X klnjvWpXsbbpw klnjvWpX kn≤Xsbbpw kn≤X {]Xymisbbpw

Dfhm°p∂p F∂p Adn™p 4\mw I„ßfnepw {]iwkn°p∂p. 5{]Xymsit°m `wKw hcp∂n√;

ssZhØns‚ kvt\lw \ap°p \evIs∏´ ]cnip≤mflmhn\m¬ \ΩpsS lrZbßfn¬ ]I¿∂ncn-

°p∂pht√m.

5:1 ""AXp-sIm≠v'' ae-bm-f-Øn¬ Cu ]Zw C√. Cw•o-jn¬ D≠p-Xm-\pw. CXp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv

1. CXp-hsc ]d™ ssZh-imkv{X hmZ-K-Xn-I-fpsS kw{K-l-am-Wn-Xv

2. Cu ssZh-imkv{X Ah-X-c-W-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈ \nK-a-\-am-Wn-Xv

114

3. ]pXnb kXy-Øns‚ (H.-t\m. 5:1; 8:1; 12:1) Ah-X-c-W-am-WnXv

""hnizm-k-Øm¬'' ssZhnI Zm\sØ kzoI-cn-°p∂ Ic-amWv hnizmkw (H.-t\m. hm. 2; tdma. 4:1 apX¬).

hnizmkw hnizm-kn-bpsS ka¿∏-W-Øns‚ AYhm Xocp-am-\-Øns‚ Afhv As√-¶n¬ Xo{h-X-bn¬ A√

{i≤ tI{μo-I-cn-°p-∂Xv (H.-t\m. aØm. 17:20), adn®v ssZh-Øns‚ kz`m-h-Ønepw hmKvZ-Ø-ß-fn-ep-amWv

(H.-t\m. Fs^. 2:8˛9). ""hnizmkw'' F∂-Xn-\p≈ ]gb \nba ]Zw bYm¿∞-Øn¬ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv Hcp-

h≥ Imep-d-∏n®p \nev°p∂ \nesbbm-Wv. CXv Iqdp-≈, hniz-kn-°m-hp-∂, kXy-k-‘-\mb Hcp-hs\ Be-

¶m-cn-I-ambn kqNn-∏n-°p∂ ]Z-am-bn-Øo¿∂p. hnizmkw hniz-kvX-X-bntem kXy-k-‘-X-bntem A√ {i≤-

bq-∂p-∂Xv adn®v ssZh-Øns‚ hniz-kvX-X-bn-em-Wv. 4:5 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: hnizmkw ImWp-I.

""\oXo-I-cn-°-s∏-´n´v'' CsXmcp `qX-Ime I¿ΩWn A]q¿Æ-{In-b-bmWv; ssZhw hnizm-kn-Isf \oXo-

I-cn-®p. {Ko°v hmN-I-Øn¬ {]m[m-\y-Øn-\mbn CXv BZyw tN¿Øn-cn-°p∂p (hm. 1˛2). hm. 1˛11 ¬ Hcp ka-

b -{I-a-ap-≈-Xmbn tXm∂p-∂p.

1. hm. 1˛5, Ir]-bpsS h¿Ø-am-\-Ime A\p-`hw

2. hm. 6˛8, \ap°p-th-≠n-bp≈ {InkvXp-hns‚ ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏´ {]hrØn

3. hm. 9˛11, \ΩpsS `mhn {]Xym-ibpw c£-bpsS Dd∏pw

]›m-Øe Dƒ°mgvN B bn¬ cq]-tcJ ImWpI

""\oXo-I-cn-°-s∏-SpI'' (dikaiwdikaiwdikaiwdikaiwdikaiw) F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ ]g-b -\n-ba ]›m-Øew (]p-Xnb \nba Fgp-Øp-

Im¿ km[m-cW {Ko°n¬ Fgp-Xp∂ F{_mb Nn¥-I-cm-bn-cp∂p Ft∂m¿°p-I) ""t\sc-bp≈ hiw'' AYhm

""Af-hp-tIm¬'' F∂-Xm-Wv. AXv ssZh-Øns‚ kz`m-hsØ kqNn-∏n-°m≥ Be-¶m-cn-I-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-®p-

h-∂p. 1:17 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWp-I. ssZh-Øns‚ kz`m-h-amb hnip-≤n-bmWv \ymb-hn-[n-bpsS

GI am\-ZWvUw (te-hy. 24:22 (sk]v‰z-Pn‚n¬); aØm. 5:48 ¬ ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-am-bn). tbip-hns‚ {]mb-

›nØ _en-a-cW-Øm¬ (H.-t\m. sbi. 53) hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v ssZh-ap-ºmsI \nev°m≥ Hcp \nb-a-]-c-amb

(s^m-d≥kn-Iv) \nev]p≠v (5:2 s‚ Ipdn∏v ImWp-I). CXp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv hnizm-kn-bnse ]m]-cm-ln-Xy-a-

√, adn®v in£ Cf-hp-sNbvXv am∏p \evIp-∂-Xn-s\-bm-Wv. as‰m-cp-h≥ in£ Gs‰-SpØv (H.-t\m. 2 sImcn.

5:21) hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v ]m]-£a \¬In-b-Xmbn {]Jym-]n-°-s∏´p (H.-t\m. hm. 9,10).

""\ΩpsS I¿Øm-hmb tbip-{In-kvXp-aqew ssZh-tØmSv'' tbip-hmWv ssZh-hp-ambn kam-[m\w sIm≠p-

h-cp∂ a[y-h¿Øn (Un-bm˛diadiadiadiadia, H.-t\m. hm. 2,9,11,17,21; Bflm-hns‚ hm. 5 ¬). ssZh-hp-ambn kam-[m-\-Øn-

\p≈ GI -hgn tbip-{In-kvXp-hm-Wv (H.-t\m. tbml. 10:7˛8; 14:6; {]hr. 4:12; 1 Xnsam. 2:5). ""I¿Øm-hmb

tbip-{InkvXp'' F∂ t]cnse ]Z-ß-fpsS hni-Zo-I-c-W-Øn\v 1:4 s‚ Ipdn∏v ImWp-I.

""\ap°p kam-[m-\-ap≠v'' ChnsS {Ko°p ]Xn-∏p-I-fn¬ hyXym-k-ap-≠v. {Inbm-]Zw H∂p-In¬ h¿Ø-am-

\-Ime I¿Øcn A\p-_-‘tam (F-sJmsa≥ ˛ ecomenecomenecomenecomenecomen, IsøgpØp {]XnIƒ a*, A, B*, C, D) As√-¶n¬

h¿Ø-am-\-Ime I¿Øcn kqNItam (F-tJm-sa≥ ˛ ecwmenecwmenecwmenecwmenecwmen, IsøgpØp {]XnIƒ a1, B2, F, G) BWv.

Cu hymI-cW Zp¿{K-lX hm. 1,2,3 epw ImWmw.

1. CXv A\p-_-‘-am-sW-¶n¬ CXv ""\ap°p kam-[m\w A\p-`-hn-°p-∂Xp XpScmw'' As√-¶n¬ ""k\m-

[m\w A\p-`-hn-°p-∂Xp XpS-cpI'' F∂p ]cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Ømw.

2. CXp kqN-I-am-sW-¶n¬ CXv ""\ap°p kam-[m-\-ap≠v'' F∂p ]cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Ømw.

hm. 1˛11 s‚ ]›m-Øew Blzm-\-a-√, adn®v hnizm-kn-Iƒ Bcm-bn-cn-°p∂p F∂pw {InkvXp-hn-eqsS

F¥p e`n-®n-cn-°p-∂p F∂pw D≈ {]Jym-]-\-am-Wv. AXn-\m¬ {Inb h¿Ø-am-\-Ime I¿Øcn kqNIw

Bbn-cn-°m-\mWv km[y-X. ""\ap°p kam-[m-\-ap≠v'' F∂Xn\v UBS4 “A ”td‰nwKv (Dd-∏p-≈-Xv) \evIp-∂p.

\ΩpsS ]pcm-X\ {Ko°v Isø-gpØp {]Xn-Iƒ an°Xpw Xømdm-°n-bXv Hcmƒ hmbn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw

a‰-t\-I¿ ]I¿Øn-sb-gp-Xp-Ibpw sNøp∂ coXn-bn-em-bn-cp-∂p. Htc D®m-c-W-ap≈ ]Z-ßƒ ]e-t∏mgpw amdn-

t∏m-Im-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. CØcw kμ¿`-ß-fn-emWv cN\mssienbpw Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥ km[m-cW D]-tbm-Kn-

°p∂ ]Z-ßfpw ]cn-`m-jsb klm-bn-°p-∂-Xv.

""kam-[m-\w'' Xmsg- sImSp-Øn-cn°p∂ {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWp-I.

{]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: kam-[m-\w (hn-hn[ A¿∞-ß-fn¬)

Cu {Ko°p-]-Z-Øns‚ bYm¿∞ A¿∞w ""XI¿∂-Xns\ tN¿Øp sI´pI'' F∂m-Wv. kam-[m-\-

sØ-°p-dn®p ]pXnb \nbaw aq∂p coXn-bn¬ kwkm-cn-°p-∂p.

1. {InkvXp-hn-eqsS ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ kam-[m\w ÿm]n-°p∂p F∂ e£ym-[n-jvTn-X-ambn (H.-t\m.

sImsem. 1:20)

2. ssZh-hp-ambn \ap-°p≈ \nc∏v kw_-‘n®v hnj-bm-[n-jvTn-X-ambn (H.-t\m. tbml. 14:27; 16:33;

115

^nen. 4:7).

3. hniz-kn-°p∂ sblq-Z-s\bpw PmXn-I-sfbpw {InkvXp-hn-eqsS ssZhw Hcp ico-c-ambn sFIy-X-

s∏-SpØnbXv (H.-t\m. Fs^. 2:14˛17; sImsem. 3:15).

F {Sm≥k-te-t‰gvkv lm≥Uv_p°v Hm¨ t]mƒkv se‰¿ Sp Z tdma≥kv F∂ {KŸ-Øn¬ \yqam\pw

\nUmbpw ""kam[m\''sØ°p-dn®v anI® Hcp hni-Zo-I-cWw \¬Ip-∂p≠v (t]. 92).

""]g-b-\n-b-a-Ønepw ]pXnb \nb-a-Ønepw kam-[m\w F∂ ]Z-Øn\v hnim-e-amb A¿∞-ß-fp-≠v.

ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-ambn AXv Hcp hy‡n-bpsS Pohn-X-Øns‚ BI-am\ kpJ-sØ-bmWv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv;

A`n-hm-Z\ hm°mbn sblq-Z-∑m-cpsS CS-bn¬ AXv AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-´n-´p-t]m-ep-ap-≠v. Cu ]Z-Øn\v Bg-

amb A¿∞-ß-fp-≈-Xn-\m¬ sblq-Z-∑m¿ AXns\ ain-lm-bneqsSbp≈ c£sb kqNn-∏n-°m\pw D]-

tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. Cu Imc-W-Øm-¬, ""ssZh-hp-ambn icn-bmb _‘-Øn¬ Bbn-cn-°pI'' F∂v A¿∞-am-

°p∂ ]Z-Øns‚ ]cym-b-ambpw jmtemw D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ DZm-lc-W-ß-fp-≠v. ChnsS Cu ]Zw D]-tbm-

Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv, ssZhw a\p-jys\ Xt∂mSp \nc-∏n-®-Xns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ a\p-jy\pw ssZh-hp-ambn

ÿm]n-°-s∏´ sFIy-_-‘-Øns‚ hnh-c-W-am-bn-´m-Wv'' (t]. 92).

5:2 ""\mw \nev°p∂'' CXv ]q¿Æ I¿Øcn kqN-I-am-Wv. B£-cn-I-ambn ""\mw \nev°p-Ibpw XpS¿am-\-

ambn \nev°p-Ibpw sNøp∂'' F∂mWv CXv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. {InkvXp-hn¬ hnizm-kn-I-fpsS ssZh-im-

kv{X-]-camb \nesbbpw, ssZh-Øns‚ ]c-am-[n-Im-cw (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 15:1) a\p-jys‚ kzX{¥ C— (H.-

t\m. Fs^. 6:11,13,14) F∂o ssZh-imkv{X sshcp-[ysØ kwtbm-Pn-∏n-°p∂ hnizm-k-Øn¬ XpS-cp-hm-

\p≈ Ah-cpsS ka¿∏-W-sØbpw BWv.

{]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: \nev]v (i,sthmii,sthmii,sthmii,sthmii,sthmi)Cu km[m-cW ]Zw ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ \nc-h[n ssZh-imkv{X A¿∞-ß-fn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≠v.

1. ÿm]n-°pI

a. ]gb \nba \ymb-{]-am-Ww, tdma. 3:31

b. Hcp-hs‚ kz¥ \oXn, tdma. 10:3

c. ]pXnb DS-º-Sn, F{_m. 10:9

d. Hcp Iev]-\, 2 sImcn. 13:1

e. ssZhnI kXyw, 2 Xnsam. 2:19

2. Bfln-I-ambn FXn¿Øp \nev°pI

a. ]nim-Nn-s\, Fs^. 6:11

b. \ymb-hn[n \mfn¬, shfn. 6:17

3. Dd-®p-\n-∂p-sIm≠v FXn¿°pI

a. ssk\nI kmZr-iyw, Fs^. 6:14

b. km[m-cW ]ucs‚ kmZr-iyw,- tdm-a. 14:4

4. kXysØ kw_-‘n® \ne-]mSv, tbml. 8:44

5. Ir]-bnse Hcp \ne-]mSv

a. tdma. 5:2

b. 1 sImcn. 15:1

c. 1 ]s{Xm. 5:12

6. hnizm-k-Ønse Hcp \ne-]mSv

a. tdma. 11:20

b. 1 sImcn. 7:37

c. 1 sImcn. 15:1

d. 2 sImcn. 1:24

7. imTy-tØm-sS-bp≈ Hcp \ne-]m-Sv, 1 sImcn. 10:12

Cu ]Zw ]c-tam-∂X ssZh-Øns‚ DS-ºSn Ir]-sbbpw Icp-W-sbbpw hnizm-kn-Iƒ hnizm-k-Øm¬

AXn-t\mSp {]Xn-I-cn-°p-Ibpw B{i-bn-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠-Xns‚ Bh-iy-I-X-sbbpw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-

∂p. c≠pw thZ-]p-kvXI kXy-ß-fm-Wv. Ah Hcp-an-®v sIm-≠p-t]m-tI-≠-Xm-Wv.

""Cu Ir]-bn-te°v'' Cu ]Zw (carijcarijcarijcarijcarij) A¿∞-am-°p-∂Xv ssZh-Øns‚ ]nSn-®p-sh-°m-ØXpw hyh-ÿ-

116

Iƒ C√mØXpw A\¿l¿°p \evIp-∂-Xp-amb kvt\l-sØ-bmWv (H.-t\m. Fs^. 2:4˛9). ]m]n-I-fmb

a\p-jy-h¿§-Øn\p th≠n-bp≈ {InkvXp-hns‚ acW-Øn¬ CXp hy‡-ambn ImWm≥ Ignbpw (H.-t\m.

hm.8).

""\ap°p .... {]th-i-\hpw e`n-®n-cn-°p∂p'' CXp as‰mcp ]q¿Æ I¿Øcn kqN-I-am-Wv. `qX-Im-e-

Øn¬ ]q¿Øo-I-c-WØn-se-Øn-bXpw êw Ct∏mgpw \ne-\n-ev°p-∂-Xp-amb {]hrØnsb CXp kqNn-∏n-

°p-∂p.

""{]th-i\w'' F∂ ]Zw (prosagoghprosagoghprosagoghprosagoghprosagogh, H.-t\m. Fs^. 2:18; 3:12) Be-¶m-cn-I-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp-

∂Xv

1. cmP-k-∂n-[n-bn-te°v hy‡n-]-c-ambn {]th-in-∏n-°pI

2. Xpd-ap-J-tØ°v kpc-£n-X-ambn sIm≠p-h-cnI (H.-t\m. 1 ]s{Xm. 3:18)

Cu {]tbm-K-Øn¬ {Ko°p {]Xn-I-fn¬ hyXymkw ImWmw. Nne ]pcm-X\ Isø-gpØp {]Xn-I-fn¬

""hnizm-k-Øm¬'' (H.-t\m. IsøgpØp {]XnIƒ a*, 2, C H∏w Nne ]pcm-X\ eØo≥, hƒtK-‰v, kndn-b-Iv,

tIm]v‰nIv ]Xn-∏p-I-fn-epw) F∂p tN¿Øn-cn-°p-∂p. a‰p-≈-h-bn¬ ""hnizm-k-Øm¬'' F∂-Xn-s\m∏w Hcp

KXn IqSn tN¿Øn-cn-°p∂p (H.-t\m. a1, A H∏w Nne hƒtK-‰v ]Xn-∏p-I-ƒ). F¶nepw hen-b-£c Isø-gp-

Øp-{]-Xn-I-fmb B, D, F, G F∂nh Ah-sb√mw hn´p-I-f-™n-cn-°p-∂p. ]I¿s∏gp-Øp-Im¿ 5:1 sebpw 4:16,19,20

sebpw (2 {]mh-iyw) kam-¥-cXzw AtX-]Sn ]I¿Øp-I-bm-Imw. ""hnizm-k-Øm¬'' F∂Xv ]usem-kv

Bh¿Øn-°p∂ hnj-b-am-Wv.

""ssZh-tX-P- ns‚'' ssZh-Øns‚ Bf-Ø-]-c-amb km∂n-[ysØ kqNn-∏n-°p∂ Hcp ]gb \nba ssien-

bmWv Cu {]tbm-Kw. CXp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv, ]p\-cp-∞m\ \mfn¬ tbip \evInb hnizmk \oXn-bn¬

ssZh-ap-ºm-sI-bp≈ hnizm-kn-bpsS \nev]n-s\-bmWv (H.-t\m. 2 sImcn. 5:21). CXns\ an°-t∏mgpw ""al-Xzo-

I-cWw'' F∂ ssZh-im-kv{X ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-®mWp hnfn-°p-∂Xv (H.-t\m. hm. 9˛10; 8:30). hni-zm-kn-Iƒ

tbip-hns‚ kmZriyw ]¶p-sh-bv°p∂p (H.-t\m. 1 tbml. 3:2; 2 ]s{Xm. 1:4). 3:23 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-

jbw: tXP v ImWp-I.

""{]Xym-i-bn¬'' ]usemkv Cu ]Zw ]e-t∏mgpw hyXy-kvX-amb F∂m¬ ]c-kv]cw _‘-s∏´ A¿∞-

Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-≠v. 4:18 s‚ Ipdn∏v ImWp-I. an°-t∏mgpw CXv hnizm-kn-bpsS hnizm-k-Øns‚

]q¿Øo-I-cW-tØmSp _‘-s∏-´mWv ImWp-∂-Xv. CXns\ al-Xzw, \nXy-Po-h≥, BXy-¥nI c£,- c≠mw

hchv F∂n-ßs\ hnh-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. ]q¿Øo-I-cWw Dd-∏m-Wv, F∂m¬ AXns‚ kabw `mhn-bnep≈Xpw

kabw IrXy-ambn ]d-bm≥ Ign-bm-Ø-Xp-am-Wv. AXp an°-t∏mgpw ""hnizm-kw,'' ""kvt\lw'' F∂n-h-tbmSp

_‘-s∏-´m-Wn-cn-°p-∂-Xv (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 13:13; Kem. 5:5˛6; Fs^. 4:2˛5; 1 sX . 1:3; 5:8). ]usem-kns‚

D]-tbm-K-Øns‚ Hcp `mKnI ]ńI CXmWv:

1. c≠mw hc-hv, Kem. 5:5; Fs^. 1:18; XosØm. 2:13

2. tbip \ΩpsS {]Xym-i, 1 Xnsam. 1:1

3. hnizmkn ssZh-ap-ºmsI ImgvN-sh-bv°-s∏-Sp-∂p, sImsem. 1:22-˛23; 1 sX . 2:19

4. {]Xymi kz¿§-Øn¬ kq£n-®n-cn-°p-∂p, sImsem. 1:5

5. BXy-¥nI c£, 1 sX . 4:13

6. ssZh-a-l-Xzw,- tdm-a. 5:2; 2 sImcn. 3:12; sImsem. 1:27

7. c£-bpsS Dd-∏v, 1 sX . 5:8˛9

8. \nXy-Po-h≥, XosØm. 1:2; 3:7

9. {InkvXob ]Iz-X-bpsS êw, tdma. 5:2˛5

10. kIe krjvSn-bp-sSbpw hos≠-Sp∏v, tdma. 8:20-˛22

11. ssZh-Øn-\p≈ t]cv, tdma. 15:13

12. ]p{X-Xz-Øns‚ ]q¿Øo-I-c-Ww, tdma. 8:23˛25

13. ]gb \nb-a, ]pXnb \nba hnizmkn-Iƒ°p≈ hgn-Imń F∂ \ne-bn¬, tdma. 15:4

{]tXyI ]T\hnjbw: Dd∏vA. Xßƒ c£n°s∏´hcmsW∂p hnizmknIƒ°v Adnbm≥ Ignbptam? (H.t\m. 1 tbml. 5:13)?

1 tbml∂m\n¬ aq∂p ]cntim[\Iƒ AYhm sXfnhpIƒ D≠v.

1. D]tZi]cw (hnizmkw) (hm. 1,15,10; 2:18˛-25; 4:1˛-6,14˛-16; 5:11˛12)

2. PohnX ssien (A\pkcWw) (hm. 2˛-3; 2:3˛6; 3:1˛10; 5:18)

3. kmaq-lnIw (kvt\-lw) (hm. 2˛3; 2:7˛11; 3:11˛18; 4:7˛12,16-˛21)

B. Dd∏v Hcp k`m-hn-`mK hnj-b-am-bn-Øo¿∂n-cn-°p∂p

1. tPm¨ Im¬hn≥ Dd-∏ns\ ssZhnI Xnc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-SpØn. CXns\ kw_-

117

‘n®v Pohn-X-Im-e-sØm-cn-°epw \ap-°-dn-bm≥ Ign-I-bn-s√-∂-t±lw ]d-™p.

2. tPm¨ sh…n Dd-∏ns\ BflnI A\p-`-hØn¬ ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-SpØn. Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ ]m]-

ßƒ°-Xo-X-ambn \ap°p Pohn-°m≥ Ign-bp-sa∂v At±lw ]d-™p.

3. tdma≥ ItØm-en-°cpw N¿®v Hm^v ss{IÃpw B[n-Im-cnI k`-bmWv Dd-∏ns‚ ASnÿm\w

F∂p ]Tn-∏n-®p. Hcp-h≥ GXp k`-bn-em-sW-∂-XmWv D-d∏ns‚ Xmt°m¬.

4. an° kphn-tij hnln-Xcpw ss__n-fns‚ hmZvK-Ø-Øn-emWv Dd-∏ns\ ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-Sp-

Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Bflm-hns‚ êhpw hnizm-kn-bpsS Pohn-X-hp-ambn AXp _‘-s∏-ń-cn-

°p∂p (H.-t\m. Kem. 5:22-˛23)

C. hoWp-t]mb a\p-jy-h¿§-Øns‚ {]mY-anI Dd∏v {XntbI ssZh-Øns‚ kz`m-h-tØmSmWv _‘-

s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂p Rm≥ Nn¥n-°p-∂p.

1. ]nXmhmw ssZh-Øns‚ kvt\lw

a. tbml. 3:16; 10:28˛29

b. tdma. 8:31-˛39

c. Fs^. 2:5,8˛9

d. ^nen. 1:6

e. 1 ]s{Xm. 1:3˛5

f. tbml. 4:7˛21

2. ]p{X-\mw ssZh-Øns‚ {]hr-Øn-Iƒ

a. \ap°p ]I-c-ap≈ acWw

1) {]hr. 2:23

2) tdma. 5:6˛11

3) 2 sImcn. 5:21

4) 1 tbml. 2:2; 4:9˛10

b. alm]u-tcm-lnXy {]m¿∞\ (tbm-l. 17:12)

c. XpS-cp∂ a≤y-ÿX

1) tdma. 8:34

2) F{_m. 7:25

3) 1 tbml. 2:1

3. Bflmhmw ssZh-Øns‚ ip{iqj

a. hnfn (tbm-l. 6:44,65)

b. ap{Z-bn-S¬

1) 2 sImcn. 1:22; 5:5

2) Fs^. 1:13˛14; 4:3

c. Dd-∏p- \¬I¬

1) tdma. 8:16-˛17

2) 1 tbml. 5:7˛13

D. F∂m¬ a\p-jy¿ ssZh-Øns‚ DS-ºSn Zm\-tØmSv {]Xn-I-cn-°Ww ({]m-cw-`-ambpw XpS¿am-\-

am-bpw)

1. hnizm-kn-Iƒ ]m]-Øn¬ \n∂p Xncn-bp-Ibpw (am-\-km-¥-cw) tbip-hn-eqsS ssZh-Øn-te°p

Xncn-bp-Ibpw thWw (hn-izm-kw)

a. a¿s°m. 1:15

b. {]hr. 3:16,19; 20:21

2. hnizm-kn-Iƒ {InkvXp-hn-ep≈ ssZh-Øns‚ Zm\w kzoI-cn-°Ww

a. tbml. 1:12; 3:16

b. tdma. 5:1 (10:9˛13 se kmZriyØmepw)

c. Fs^. 2:5,8˛9

3. hnizm-kn-Iƒ hnizm-k-Øn¬ XpS-cWw

a. a¿s°m. 13:13

b. 1 sImcn. 15:2

c. Kem. 6:9

d. F{_m. 3:14

e. 2 ]s{Xm. 1:10

f. bqZm 20-˛21

118

g. shfn. 2:2˛3,7,10,17,19,25-˛26; 3:5,10,11,21

4. hnizm-kn-Iƒ 3 ]cn-tim-[-\-Iƒ t\cn-SWw

a. D]tZi]cw (hm. 1,15,10; 2:18˛-25; 4:1˛-6,14˛-16)

b. PohnX ssien (hm. 2˛-3; 2:3˛6; 3:1˛10)

c. kmaq-lnIw (hm. 2˛3; 2:7˛11; 3:11˛18; 4:7˛12,16-˛21)

E. Dd∏v {]bm-k-I-c-amWv ImcWw

1. an°-t∏mgpw hnizm-kn-Iƒ thZ-]p-kvXIw hmKvZm\w sNømØ A\p-`-h-ßƒ Bh-iy-s∏-

Sp∂p

2. an°-t∏mgpw hnizm-kn-Iƒ kphn-tijw ]q¿Æ-ambn a\- n-em-°p-∂n√

3. an°-t∏mgpw hnizm-kn-Iƒ a\-∏q¿Δ-ambn ]m]-Øn¬ XpS-cp∂p (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 3:10-˛15;

9:27; 1 Xnsam. 1:19-˛20; 2 Xnsam. 4:10; 2 ]s{Xm. 1:8˛11)

4. Nne hy‡nIƒ (A-Xm. ]q¿ÆXm hmZn-Iƒ) Hcn-°epw ssZh-Øns‚ \ncp-]m-[n-I-amb

kzoI-cWsØbpw kvt\l-sØbpw AwKoI-cn-°p-I-bn√

5. thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ hymP G‰p-]-d-®n-ens‚ DZm-l-c-W-ß-fp≠v (H.-t\m. aØm. 13:3˛23;

a¿s°m. 4:14-˛20; 2 ]s{Xm. 2:19˛20; 1 tbml. 2:18-˛19)

""{]iw-kn-°p∂p'' hymI-c-W-cq]w Cu \nebn¬ {K-ln°mw: (1) h¿Ø-am-\-Ime a[y (Un-t]m-W‚ v)

kqN-Iw, ""\mw {]iw-kn-°p∂p-, (2) h¿Ø-am-\-Ime a[y (Un-t]m-W‚ v) A\p-_-‘w, ""\ap°p {]iw-kn°mw.''

Cu hnj-b-Øn¬ thZ-]-WvUn-X-∑m¿ XΩn¬ sFIy-X-bn-√. hm. 1 se ""\ap-°p≠v'' F∂Xv kqN-I-ambn

FSp-Øm¬ ]cn-`mj B \ne-bn¬ hm. 3 hsc XpS-cpw.

""{]iw-kn-°pI'' F∂-Xns‚ aqe-]-Z-Øn\v ""Bfl-{]-iwk'' F∂ A¿∞-am-Wp-≈-Xv (NRSV, JB). 2:17se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWp-I. hnizm-kn-Iƒ Xß-fn¬ Xt∂ {]iw-kn-°msX (H.-t\m. 3:27) I¿Øm-

hv Ah¿°p th≠n {]h¿Øn-®-Xn¬ {]iw-kn-°Ww (H.-t\m. bnsc. 9:23˛24). CtX {Ko°v aqe-]Zw hm. 3

epw 11 epw Bh¿Øn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

5:3

NASB ""CXp Xt∂ A√''

NKJV ""AXp Xt∂ A√''

NRSV ""AXp Xt∂ A√''

TEV ""Hgn-hm-°n-bn-cn-°p∂p''

NJB ""AXp Xt∂ A√''

Cu ]Z kwbp‡w ]e {]mhiyw ]usemkv D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p≠v (H.-t\m. 5:3,11; 8:23; 9:10; 2 sImcn. 8:19).

""IjvSX'' Xmsg-s°m-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂ {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw ImWp-I.

{]tXyI ]T\hnjbw: IjvSX (Tribulation)Cu ]Zw (Xven-]-kn-kv˛qliyijqliyijqliyijqliyijqliyij) ]usemkpw tbml-∂m\pw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn¬ ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-

amb Hcp hyXymkw D≠v.

A. ]usem-kns‚ D]-tbmKw (tb-ip-hns‚ D]-tbm-KsØ {]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p-∂p)

1. hogvN kw`-hn® temI-Ønse {]iv\-ßƒ, IjvS-X-Iƒ, Xn∑

a. aØm. 13:21

b. tdma. 5:3

c. 1 sImcn. 7:28

d. 2 sImcn. 7:4

e. Fs^. 3:13

2. Ahn-izm-kn-I-fm¬ Df-hm-Ip∂ {]iv\-ßƒ, IjvS-X-Iƒ, Xn∑

a. tdma. 5:3; 8:35; 12:12

b. 2 sImcn. 1:4,8; 6:4; 7:4; 8:2,13

c. Fs^. 3:13

d. ^nen. 4:14

e. 1 sX . 1:6

f. 2 sX . 1:4

119

3. A¥y-Ime kw_-‘n-bmb {]iv\-ßƒ, IjvS-X-Iƒ, Xn∑

a. aØm. 24:21,29

b. a¿s°m. 13:19,24

c. 2 sX . 1:6˛9

B. tbml-∂ms‚ D]-tbmKw

1. tbml-∂m≥ shfn-∏mSp ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ Xven]vknkn\pw Hm¿Kn (qliyijqliyijqliyijqliyijqliyij, orghorghorghorghorgh) As√-

¶n¬ Xqtamkv (qumojqumojqumojqumojqumoj, tIm-]w) XΩn¬ hy‡-amb hyXymkw hbv°p-∂p-≠v. Xven]vknkv

Ahn-izm-kn-Iƒ hnizm-kn-I-tfmSp sNøp-∂Xpw Hm¿Kn As√-¶n¬ Xqtamkv ssZhw Ahn-

izm-kn-I-tfmSp sNøp-∂-Xp-am-Wv.

a. Xven]vknkv ˛ qliyijqliyijqliyijqliyijqliyij, shfn. 1:9; 2:9˛-10,22; 7;14

b. Hm¿Kn ˛ orghorghorghorghorgh, shfn. 6:16˛17; 11:18; 16:19; 19:15

c. Xqsamkv ˛ qumojqumojqumojqumojqumoj, shfn. 12:12; 14:8,10,19; 15:2,7; 16:1; 18:3

2. F√m-°m-e-Øp-ap≈ hnizm-kn-Iƒ t\cn-Sp∂ {]iv\sØ kqNn-∏n-°p-hm≥ tbml-∂m≥ Cu

]Zw kphn-ti-j-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≠v. tbml. 16:33

5:3,4 ""kln-jvWpX'' CXn-\¿∞w ""kzta-[b,'' ""{Inbm-fl-I-amb,'' ""ÿnc-X-bp≈,'' ""kl-\amb'' Bfp-I-

tfmSpw H∏w kml-N-cy-ß-tfm-Sp-ap≈ kln-jvWpXsb Cu ]Zw kqNn-∏n-°p∂p. 8:25 se {]tXyI ]T\

hnj-bw- Im-Wp-I.

NASB ""sXfn-bn-°-s∏´ kz`mhw''

NKJV, NRSV ""kz`mhw/kn≤X''

TEV ""ssZhn-Imw-Ko-Imcw''

NJB ""]cn-tim-[n-°-s∏´ kz`mhw''

Dev]. 23:16; 1 cmPm. 10:18; 1 Zn\. 28:18 s‚ sk]v‰zPn‚n¬ Cu ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv teml-ß-fpsS

]cn-ip-≤nbpw bmYm¿∞yhpw sXfn-bn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ]cn-tim-[-\sb kqNn-∏n-°m-\mWv (H.-t\m. 2 sImcn.

2:9; 8:2; 9:13; 13:3; ^nen. 2:22; 2 Xnsam. 2:15; bmt°m. 1:12). ssZh-Øns‚ ]cn-tim-[\ F√m-bvt]mgpw i‡n-

s∏-Sp-Øm-\mWv (H.-t\m. F{_m. 12:10˛11)! 2:18 se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw: ]cn-tim-[\ ImWp-I.

{]tXyI ]T\ hnjbw: {InkvXob hf¿®

tdma¿ 5:3˛4 Kem. 5:22˛23 bmt°m. 1:3˛4 2 ]s{Xm. 1:5˛7

IjvSX Df-hm-°p∂p Bflm-hns‚ ^ew ]cn-tim-[\ Df-hm-°p∂p Pm{KX Bhiyw

*kln-jvWpX *kvt\lw *kln-jvWpX *hocyw

*kn≤X *kt¥mjw *]IzX *]cn-⁄m\w

*{]Xymi (H.-t\m. hm. 2) *kam-[m\w 1. ÿncX *C{μnbPbw

*Zo¿L-£a 2. ]q¿ÆX *ÿncX

*Zb *`‡n

*]tcm-]-Imcw *ktlm-Zc {]oXn

*kuayX (^ne-U¬^n-b)

*C{μnb Pbw *kvt\lw

(A-Km-s∏)

""Adn™v'' HbnUm (oidaoidaoidaoidaoida) F∂-Xns‚ ]q¿Æ A]q¿Æ{Inb-bm-Wn-Xv. AXv cq]-Øn¬ ]q¿Æ-X-bp-≈-

Xm-sW-¶nepw h¿Ø-am-\-Im-e-ambn {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. hnizm-kn-Iƒ IjvS-X-tbmSv G‰p-ap-´p-tºm-ƒ kphn-

tij kXy-ßsf kw_-‘n® Ah-cpsS Adnhv, Pohn-XsØ kt¥m-j-tØmSpw Bfl-hn-izm-k-tØmSpw

IqsS t\cn-Sp-hm≥ Ahsc klm-bn-°p-∂p. ImcWw Ah-cpsS kt¥mjw IjvS-X-bpsS Ime-Øp-t]mepw

kml-N-cy-ß-fn-e-√ ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂Xv (H.-t\m. ^nen. 4:4; 1 sX . 5:16,18). hnizm-kn-Iƒ IjvS-X-

bn¬ BWv {]iw-kn-°p-∂-Xv, Ah D≈Xp-sIm≠v A√.

120

NASB ""\mw \ΩpsS IjvS-ß-fnepw AXy-[nIw ]pI-gp∂p''

NKJV ""\mw IjvS-ß-fnepw al-Xz-s∏-Sp∂p''

NRSV ""\mw \ΩpsS IjvS-ß-fnepw {]iw-kn-°p∂p''

TEV ""\mw \ΩpsS {]iv\-ß-fnepw {]iw-kn-°p∂p''

NJB ""\ΩpsS IjvS-X-I-fnepw \ap°p ]pIgmw''

temIw tbip-hns\ ]I-s®-¶n¬ Ahs‚ injy-∑m-scbpw AXp ]Ibv°pw (H.-t\m. aØm. 10:22; 24:9;

tbml. 15:18˛21). am\p-jn-I-ambn ]d-™m¬ tbip Xm≥ A\p-`-hn® IjvS-ß-fm¬ XnI-™-h-\m-bn-Øo¿∂p

(H.-t\m. F{_m. 5:8). IjvSX B{i-bhpw ]Iz-Xbpw Df-hm-°p-∂p. {InkvXpkmZr-iy-amWv Hmtcm hnizm-kn-

sb-°p-dn-®p-ap≈ ssZhnI ]≤Xn; IjvSX AXns‚ `mK-amWv (H.-t\m. 8:17˛19; {]hr. 14:22; bmt°m. 1:2˛4; 1

]s{Xm. 4:12˛19).

{]tXyI ]T\ hnjbw: hnizm-kn-Iƒ

IjvS-X-b-\p-`-hn-°p-∂-sX-¥p-sIm≠v?1. hy‡n-]-c-amb ]m]-Øm¬ (`u-anI \ymb-hn-[n). F√m {]iv\-ßfpw s\K-‰ohv kml-N-cy-ßfpw

]m]-Øns‚ ^e-am-sW∂v CXn-\¿∞-an√ (H.-t\m. Ctøm_v; k¶o. 73; eqs°m. 14:1˛5; s\sl.

9; {]hr. 5:1-˛11; 1 sImcn. 11:29-˛30; Kem. 6:7)

2. {InkvXp kmZriyw hf¿Øp-hm≥ (F-{_m. 5:8). am\p-jn-I-ambn ]d-™m¬ tbip-hn\pw hf¿®

{]m]n-t°-≠-Xp≠mbn-cp∂p; Aß-s\-sb-¶n¬ Ahs‚ injy-∑m¿°v AXm-h-iy-amWv (H.-t\m.

tdma. 5:3˛4; 8:28˛29; 2 sImcn. 12:7-˛10; ^nen. 3:10; F{_m. 12:5-˛12; bmt°m. 1:2-˛4; 1 ]s{Xm. 1:7)

3. i‡hpw e-I-c-hp-amb km£yw hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°p-hm≥ (H.-t\m. aØm. 5:10˛12; tbml. 15:18˛22;

1 ]s{Xm. 2:18˛21; 3:13˛17)

4. ]pXnb bpK-Øns‚ {]kh thZ-\-bpsS Hcp AS-bm-f-ambn (H.-t\m. aØm. 24:6; a¿s°m. 13:8).

5:5 ""{]Xym-ibvt°m `wKw hcp-∂n√'' CsXmcp ]t£ Hcp F{_mb ssien-bpsS kqN-\-bmImw (H.-t\m.

e÷n-°p-I, H.t\m k¶o. 25:3,20; 31:1,17; 119:116; sbi. 28:16 (tdma. 9:33 ¬ D≤-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p) ^nen. 1:20).

""ssZh-Øns‚ kvt\lw ... \ΩpsS lrZ-b-ß-fn¬ ]I¿∂n-cn-°p∂p'' CXv ]q¿Æ I¿ΩWn kqN-I-

amWv; B£-cn-I-ambn ""ssZh-Øns‚ kvt\lw ]I-cp-Ibpw XpS¿am-\-ambn ]I-c-s∏- p-sIm-≠n-cn-°bpw sNbvXn-

cn-°p-∂p.'' Cu {Inbm-]Zw ]e-t∏mgpw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-s\-°p-dn®v D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≠v (H.-t\m. {]hr. 2:17,18,33;

10:45 & XosØm. 3:6 AXv tbmth¬ 2:28˛29 s\ {]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p∂p (sb-i. 32:15).

""ssZh-Øns‚ kvt\lw'' F∂ kw_-‘nIm hn`‡n hymI-c-W-]-c-ambn kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv (1) ssZh-

tØm-Sp≈ \ΩpsS kvt\lw As√-¶n¬ (2) \tΩm-Sp≈ ssZh-Øns‚ kvt\lw (H.-t\m. tbml. 3:16; 2

sImcn. 5:14). c≠m-a-tØ-XmWv kμ¿`m-\p-k-cWw icn-bm-b-Xv.

""\ap°p \¬I-s∏´ ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-\m¬'' CsXmcp `qX-Ime I¿ΩWn A]q¿Æ {Inb-bm-Wv. ssZh-

Øns‚ a[y-h¿Øn-XzsØ kqNn-∏n-°m-\mWv an°-t∏mgpw I¿ΩWn {]tbmKw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. CXp

kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v C\n IqSp-X¬ ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ Bh-iy-an√ F∂m-Wv. Ah¿°v ]cn-

ip-≤m-flmhv D≠v As√-¶n¬ Ah¿ {InkvXym-\n-I-f√ (H.t\m. 8:9). ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns\ \¬Ip-∂Xv ]pXnb

bpK-Øn-s‚bpw (H.-t\m. tbmth. 2:28-˛29) ]pXnb \nb-a-Øn-s‚bpw (H.-t\m. bnsc. 31:31˛34; sbsl. 36:22˛32)

AS-bm-f-am-Wv.

Cu Jfin-I-bn¬ {XnXz-Ønse aq∂v Bf-Xz-ß-fpsS km∂n[yw {i≤n-°p-I.

1. ssZhw, hm. 1,2,5,8,10

2. tbip. hm. 1, 6,8,9,10

3. ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hv, hm. 5

8:11 se {]tXyI ]T\ hnjbw: {XnXzw ImWpI

tdma¿ 5:6-˛116\mw _elo\¿ Bbncn°ptºmƒ Xt∂ {InkvXp X° kabØp A`‡¿°pth≠n acn®p.

7\oXnam∂pth≠n Bsc¶nepw acn°p∂Xp Zp¿√`w; KpWhm∂pth≠n ]t£ acn∏m≥

Xp\nbpambncn°pw. 8{InkvXpthm \mw ]m]nIƒ Bbncn°ptºmƒ Xt∂ \ap°p th≠n

121

acn°bm¬ ssZhw X\n°p \tΩmSp≈ kvt\lsØ {]Z¿in∏n°p∂p. 9Ahs‚ c‡Øm¬

\oXoIcn° s∏´tijtam \mw Ah\m¬ F{X A[nIambn tIm]Øn¬\n∂p c£n°s∏Spw.10i{Xp°fmbncn°ptºmƒ Xt∂ \ap°p Ahs‚ ]p{Xs‚ acWØm¬ ssZhtØmSp \nc∏p h∂p

F¶n¬ \nc∂tijw \mw Ahs‚ Poh\m¬ F{X A[nIambn c£n°s∏Spw. 11A{Xbpa√,

\ap°p Ct∏mƒ \nc∏p e`n®Xn∂p ImcWamb \ΩpsS I¿Ømhmb tbip{InkvXpapJm¥cw

\mw ssZhØn¬ {]iwkn°bpw sNøp∂p.

5:6

NASB ""\mw \n -lm-b-cm-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ Xt∂''

NKJV ""\mw _e-an-√m-Xm-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ Xt∂''

NRSV ""\mw _e-lo-\-cm-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ Xt∂''

TEV ""\mw \n -lm-b-cm-bn-cn-°p-∂ ka-bØp Xt∂''

NJB ""\mw \n lm-b-cm-bn-cn-°ptºmƒ''

Cu {Inbm-]Zw h¿Ø-am-\-Ime A]q¿Æ-{In-bbm-Wv. a\p-jy-h¿§-Øns‚ hogvN kw`-hn® BZmay

{]Ir-Xn-sb-bm-WnXp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. a\p-jy¿ ]m]-Øn-s\-Xnsc \n -lm-b-cmWv. ""\mw'' F∂ k¿Δ-\maw

hm. 6b bnse ""A`-‡¿,'' hm. 8 se ""]m]n-Iƒ,'' hm. 10 se ""i{Xp-°ƒ'' F∂n-hsb hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw

kam-¥-c-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-cn-°p-∂p. hm. 6,8 F∂nh ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-ambpw LS-\m-]-c-ambpw

kam-¥-c-am-Wv.

kam-¥-cXzw {i≤n-°p-I.

1 2 3

hm. 6 \mw _e-lo-\¿ {InkvXp A`-‡¿°p-th≠n acn®p .....

hm. 8 \mw ]m]n-Iƒ {InkvXp \ap°p th≠n acn®p .....

hm. 9 ..... Ahs‚ c‡-Øm¬ \oXo-I-cn-°-s∏´p

hm. 10 \mw i{Xp-°ƒ Ahs‚ ]p{Xs‚ acWw \nc∏p {]m]n®p

{][m\ kXy-ßƒ {]m[m-\y-Øn-\p-th≠n Bh¿Øn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

1. \ΩpsS Bhiyw

2. {InkvXp-hns‚ Zm\w

3. \ΩpsS ]pXnb \nev]v

NASB, NRSV ""icn-bmb ka-bØv''

NKJV ""X°-k-a-bØv''

TEV ""ssZhw Xnc-s™-SpØ ka-bØv''

NJB ""Ahs‚ \nb-an-°-s∏´ \nan-j-Øn¬''

CXv Ncn-{X-]-c-ambn kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv

1. kzX-{¥ -bm{X A\p-h-Zn-®n-cp∂ tdma≥ kam-[m\w (tdm-a≥ tdmUp-Iƒ)

2. kwkvIm-cm-¥c Bi-b-hn-\n-baw A\p-h-Zn® {Ko°v `mj

3. {Ko°v, tdma≥ tZh-∑m-cpsS A¥yw {]Xo-£bpw Bflob Zml-hp-ap≈ Hcp temIsØ Df-hm-°nb

kabw (H.-t\m a¿s°m. 1:15; Kem. 4:4; Fs^. 1:10; XosØm. 1:3)

ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-ambn PU-[m-cWw ap≥Iq¿ Xøm-dm-°-s∏´ Hcp ssZhnI ]≤-Xn-bm-bn-cp∂p (H.-t\m.

eqs°m. 22:22; {]hr. 2:23; 3:18; 4:28; Fs^. 1:11).

5:6,8,10 ""A`-‡¿°p-th≠n acn®p'' CsXmcp `qX-Ime I¿Øcn kqN-I-am-Wv. AXv tbip-hns‚ Pohn-X-

sØbpw ac-W-sØbpw Hcp H‰ kw`-h-ambn ImWp-∂p. ""tbip Xm≥ ISw-s]-ń-ń-√mØ ISw sImSp-Øp-

Xo¿Øp, \mw \ap°p sImSpØp Xo¿°m≥ Ign-bmØ \ne-bn¬ ISw s]ń-cn-°p∂p'' (H.-t\m. Kem. 3:13; 1

tbml. 4:10).

{InkvXp-hns‚ acWw ]usem-kns‚ Fgp-Øp-I-fn¬ Bh¿Øn-®p-h-cp∂ hnj-b-am-Wv. tbip-hns‚

{]mb-›n-Ø -a-c-WsØ kqNn-∏n-°p-hm≥ Ah≥ \nc-h[n hyXykvX ]Z-ßfpw {]tbm-K-ßfpw D]-tbm-Kn-

°p-∂p-≠v.

1. ""c‡w'' (H.-t\m. 3:25; 5:9; 1 sImcn. 11:25,27; Fs^. 1:7; 2:13; sImsem. 1:20)

2. ""Xs∂-Øm≥ A¿∏n®p'' (H.-t\m. Fs^. 5:2,5)

122

3. ""Gev]n®p'' (H.-t\m. tdma. 4:25; 8:32)

4. ""Adp-°-s∏´p'' (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 5:7)

5. ""acn®p'' (H.-t\m. tdma. 5:6; 8:34; 14:9,15; 1 sImcn. 8:11)

6. ""{Iqiv'' (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 1:17˛18; Kem. 5:11; 6:12˛14; Fs^. 2:16; ^nen. 2:8; sImsem. 1:20; 2:14)

7. ""{Iqio-I-cWw'' (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 1:23; 2:2; 2 sImcn. 13:4; Kem. 3:1)

Cu kμ¿`-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂ lqs]¿ (u,peru,peru,peru,peru,per) F∂ KXn kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv:

1. {]mXn-\n-[yw, "\ap-°p-th≠n' As√-¶n¬

2. {]m›n-Øw, \ΩpsS ÿm\Øv'' BtWm?

km[m-c-W-bmbn lqs∏¿ s‚ ASn-ÿm\ A¿∞w ˛ kw_-‘nIm hn`-‡n-tbmSp tN¿∂v ˛ ""]I-c-ambn''

(Louw and Nida) F∂m-Wv. CXv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv hy‡n-Iƒ°p {]tbm-P-Io-`-hn-°p∂ Nne t\´-ß-sf-

bmWv (The New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology, Vol. 3, p. 1196). F∂n-cp-∂mepw

lqs]¿ -\v ""B ÿm-\Øv'' F∂¿∞w hcp∂ B‚n -(anti) F∂¿∞-hp-ap-≠v. B \nebv°v AXv ssZh-im-

kv{X-]-c-ambn {]mb-›nØ ]Icw ac-WsØ kqNn-∏n-°p∂p (H.t\m. a¿s°m. 10:45; tbml. 11:5; 18:14; 2

sImcn. 5:14; 1 Xnsam. 2:6). Fw.- sP. lmcnkv (NIDNTT, Vol. 3, p. 1197) ]d-bp-∂p. ""F¥p-sIm-≠mWv

{InkvXp acn-®Xv -B‚n- lo-tam≥ (anti h,mwnanti h,mwnanti h,mwnanti h,mwnanti h,mwn, 1 Xnsam. 2:6 ¬ AXn-t\m-S-SpØp hcp-∂p≠v ˛ B‚n-ep-

t{Sm¨ lqs]¿ ]mt‚m¨˛antilutron u,per pantwnantilutron u,per pantwnantilutron u,per pantwnantilutron u,per pantwnantilutron u,per pantwn) F∂p ]usemkv ]d-bm-ØXv? Hcp-]t£ AXv,

-B‚n F∂-Xn\p hn]-co-X-ambn lqs]¿ \v Htc kabw {]mXn-\n-[y-sØbpw ]Icw Ah-ÿ-sbbpw kqNn-

∏n-°m≥ Ignbpw F∂-Xn-\m-emImw.''

th¿Uv ÃUokv (hmeyw 2) ¬ Fw.- B¿ hn≥k‚ v ]d-bp-∂p.

""th≠n'' F∂¿∞-ap≈ lqs]¿ (u,peru,peru,peru,peru,per) ""]I-c-ambn'' F∂¿∞-ap≈ ""B‚n'' F∂-Xn\p Xpey-

amtWm F∂-Xn-s\-s®m√n hfsc X¿°-ßƒ D≠m-bn-´p-≠v. ¢mkn-°¬ Fgp-Øp-Im¿ A¿∞w ]c-

kv]cw am‰n D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≈-Xn\v DZm-l-c-W-ß-fp-≠v. F∂n-cp-∂mepw Cu thZ-`mKw DZm-l-c-W-

ambn D≤-cn-°m≥ Ign-bmØhn[w CXns‚ A¿∞w \n›-bn-°m-\m-hm-Ø-Xm-Wv. KXn°v (preposi-tion) acWw F∂-Xn-\-∏pdw Hcp {]mtZ-inI A¿∞w D≠v. Cu thZ-`m-K-ß-sfm∂pw Xs∂ Hcp

A¥n-a -Xo-cp-am\w F∂ \ne-bn¬ FSp-°m-\m-hn-√. CXn-s\-°p-dn®v ]d-bm≥ Ign-bp∂ Hcp A¥na

Xocp-am\w lqs∏¿, B‚n bpsS A¿∞-Øn\v AXn-cnSp∂p F∂mWv. ]I-c-ambn F∂Xv IqSp-X-

embpw D]-tZ-i-]-c-amb Imc-W-ß-fm-em-Wv. `qcn-`mKw thZ-`m-K-ß-fnepw A¿∞w, ..-°p-th-≠n,

ÿm\Øv F∂mWv. kXy-amb Hcp hni-Zo-I-c-Ww ChnsS N¿®m hnj-b-amb thZ-`m-K-Øn¬,

AXm-bXv {InkvXp-hns‚ ac-W-tØmSp _‘-s∏´ Cu hmIy-Ønepw Kem. 3:13; tdma. 14:15; 1

]s{Xm. 3:18 epw lqs∏¿ s‚ khn-ti-jX IqSp-X¬ A\n-›n-Xhpw s]mXp KXn-bpsS \ne-bn-ep-≈-

Xp-am-Wv ˛ {InkvXp ...th≠n acn-®p. CXc thZ-`m-K-ß-fn¬ ÿnco-I-cn-°-s∏-tS≠ ""th≠n'' F∂

A¿∞-am-WXv \¬Ip-∂Xv'' (t]. 692).

5:7 Cu hmIyw am\p-jnI kvt\l-sØbpw hm. 8 ssZh-kvt\-l-sØbpw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

NASB, NKJV, TEV ""Hcp \oXn-am-\mb a\p-jy-\p-th≠n''

NRSV ""Hcp \oXn-am-\mb hy‡n-°p-th≠n''

NJB ""Hcp \√ -a-\p-jy-\p-th≠n''

t\mlbpw Ctøm_pw \oXn-am-∑m¿ As√-¶n¬ \njvI-f¶ a\p-jy¿ Bbn-cp∂p F∂ A¿∞-Øn-emWv

Cu ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ]m]-c-ln-X- h-kvXp-X-sb-b√ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. 1:17 se {]tXyI ]T\

hnjbw ImWp-I.

5:8 ""\mw ]m]n-Iƒ Bbn-cn-°p-tºm-ƒ Xt∂'' ssZh-Øns‚ kvt\lw shfn-s∏-´Xv ""]m]n-Iƒ°mWv''

`‡nbp≈-h¿t°m Hcp {]tXyI hwi-Øn¬ ]nd-∂-h¿t°m A√ a’-cn-Iƒ°mWv F∂Xp \sΩ sR´n-

∏n-°pw. tbmKy-X-b√ Ir]-bmWv ASn-ÿm\ kXyw! ssZhw Ct∏mgpw a\p-jy-tcm-sSmØp Iq´mbva B{K-

ln-°p-∂p. Ahs‚ am‰-an-√mØ kz`m-h-amWv \ap°p kam-[m-\hpw {]Xym-ibpw \¬Ip-∂Xv (H.-t\m. ]pd.

34:6; s\sl. 9:17; k¶o. 103:8; 145:8).

""ssZhw X\n°p \tΩm-Sp≈ kvt\lsØ {]Z¿in-∏n-°p∂p'' CsXmcp h¿Ø-am\Ime I¿Øcn

kqN-I-amWv (H.-t\m. 3:5). ]nXmhp ]p{Xs\ Ab®p (H.-t\m. 8:3,32; 2 sImcn. 5:19). ssZh-Øns‚ kvt\lw

tIhew sshIm-cn-I-a-√, adn®v {]hrØn Dƒs∏-´Xpw (H.-t\m. tbml. 3:16; 1 tbml. 4:10) ÿnc-X-bp-≈-Xp-am-

Wv.

5:9 ""Ahs‚ c‡-Øm¬'' {InkvXp-hns‚ _en-a-c-W-Øns‚ kqN-\-bm-WnXv (H.-t\m. 3:5; 4:25; a¿s°m.

10:45; 2 sImcn. 5:21). Ip‰-hm-fn-bpsS ÿm\Øv \nc-]-cm-[n-bpsS Poh≥ \¬Ip∂ bmK-Øns‚ Cu Bibw

tehy. 1˛7 te°pw ]pd. 12 (s]-kl Ip™m-Sv) te°pw \sΩ \bn-°p-∂Xpw sbi. 53:4˛6 ¬ ssZh-im-kv{X-

123

]-c-ambn tbip-hn\p tbmPn-°p-∂-Xp-am-Wv. F{_m-b-te-J-\-Øn¬ AXv Hcp {InkvXpimkv{X A¿∞-Øn¬

hnI-kn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p (H.-t\m. A[ym-b-ßƒ 9˛10). F{_mb teJ\w hnhn[ hnj-b-ßsf kw_-‘n®v

]gb \nb-a-sØbpw ]pXnb \nb-a-sØbpw Xmc-X-ay-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

""\oXo-I-cn-°-s∏´ tijtam'' \oXo-I-cWw ]q¿Øn-bm-bXpw ssZh-Øm¬ \n¿h-ln-°-s∏-´-Xp-amb Hcp

{]hr-Øn-bmWv F∂v Du∂n-∏-d-bp∂ qX-Im-e -I¿ΩWn A]q¿Æ {Inb-bm-Wn-Xv. hm. 1 se kXyw ]usemkv

Bh¿Øn-°p-I-bm-Wv. ""\oXo-I-cn-°-s∏´p'' (hm. 9), ""\nc-∏n-°-s∏´p'' (hm. 10˛11) F∂o ]Z-ßƒ XΩn-ep≈

kam-¥-c-Xzhpw {i≤n-°p-I.

""F{X A[n-I-ambn'' ]usem-kns‚ CjvS {]tbm-K-ß-fn¬ H∂m-WnXv (H.-t\m. hm. 10,15,17). hnizm-kn-

Iƒ, Ah¿ ]m]n-I-fm-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ Xs∂ ssZhw Ahsc kvt\ln-®p-sh-¶n¬, Ct∏mƒ Ah¿ Ahs‚

a°-fmbn Xo¿∂-Xn-\m¬ F{X-b-[nIw Ahsc kvt\ln°pw (H.t\m 5:10; 8:22).

""\mw c£n-°-s∏Spw'' CXv `mhnIme I¿ΩWn kqN-I-amWv (H.-t\m. hm. 10). ""al-Xzo-I-cWw'' F∂p

hnfn-°-s∏-Sp∂ \ΩpsS BXy-¥nI c£-bm-WnXv (H.-t\m. hm. 2; 8:30; 1 tbml. 3:2).

]pXnb \nbaw c£sb F√m {Inbm-Im-e-ß-fnepw hnh-cn-°p-∂p-≠v.

1. ]q¿Øn-bmb {]hrØn (`q-X-Im-ew), {]hr. 15:11; tdma. 8:24; 2 Xnsam. 1:9; XosØm. 3:5

2. h¿Ø-am-\-Im-e-Øn¬ êw ImWp∂ `qX-Ime {]hrØn (]q¿Æ-Im-ew), Fs^. 2:5,8

3. ]ptcm-K-an-°p∂ {]{Inb (h¿Ø-am-\-Im-ew), 1 sImcn. 1:18; 15:2; 2 sImcn. 2:15; 1 sX . 4:14; 1 ]s{Xm.

3:21

4. `mhn-Ime ]q¿Øo-I-cWw (`m-hn-Im-ew), tdma. 5:9,10; 10:9; 10:4 se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw ImWp-I.

c£ Hcp {]mY-anI Xocp-am-\-Øn-em-Wm-cw-`n-°p-∂-sX-¶nepw (H.-t\m. 10:9˛13; tbml. 1:12; 3:16), \nanjw

tXm-dpap≈ _‘-Øn¬ apt∂dn Hcp Znhkw ]q¿Øo-I-c-W-Øn-se-Øp-∂-Xp-am-Wv. Cu Bibw ]e-t∏mgpw

aq∂p ssZh-imkv{X ]Z-ß-fm-emWv hnh-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

1. \oXo-I-c-Ww, A¿∞w, ""]m]-Øns‚ in£-bn¬ \n∂v hnSp-hn-°-s∏-SpI''

2. hnip-≤o-I-c-Ww, A¿∞w, ""]m]-Øns‚ i‡n-bn¬ \n∂p hnSp-hn-°-s∏-SpI''

3. al-Xzo-I-c-Ww, A¿∞w, ""]m]-Øns‚ km∂n-[y-Øn¬ \n∂pw hnSp-hn-°-s∏-SpI''

\oXo-I-c-Whpw hnip-≤o-I-c-Whpw {InkvXp-hn-ep≈ hnizm-k-Øm¬ hnizm-kn°p \evI-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw

ssZh-Øns‚ Ir]m-Ic {]hr-Øn-bp-am-sW∂p a\- n-em-°p∂Xp \√-Xm-Wv. F∂n-cp-∂mepw hnip-≤o-I-cWw

{InkvXp-km-Zr-iy-Øn-te°p hf-cp∂ A\p-Zn\ {]{In-b-bm-sW∂pw ]pXnb \nbaw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p. C°m-c-W-

Øm¬ ssZh-im-kv{X-⁄-∑m¿ ""ÿm\ob hnip-≤o-I-cWw'' F∂pw ""]ptcm-K-a\ hnip-≤o-I-cWw'' F∂pw

AXn-s\-°p-dn®p ]d-bm-dp-≠v. `‡n-\n¿`c Pohn-X-tØmSp _‘-s∏´ kuP\y c£-bpsS a¿Ω-am-WnXv! 6:4

se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWp-I.

""tIm]-Øn¬\n∂v'' CXns‚ kμ¿`w A¥y-Ime kw_-‘n-bm-Wv. ssZh-Øns‚ hen-bXpw tbmKy-X-

bn-√m-Ø-h¿°p \¬Ip-∂Xpw kz{]-b-Xv\-Øm¬ t\Sn-sb-Sp-°m≥ km[n-°m-Ø-Xp-amb kvt\l-sØ-°p-dn®v

ss__nƒ ]d-bp-∂p. AtXm-sSm∏w Xs∂ ]m]-tØmSpw a’-c-tØm-Sp-ap≈ Ahs‚ FXn¿∏n-s\bpw hy‡-

am-°p-∂p. ssZhw tbip-{In-kvXp-hn-eqsS c£bv°pw ]m]-£-a-bv°p-ap≈ Hcp hgn Hcp-°n, F∂m¬ Ahs\

\nc-kn-°p-∂-h¿ tIm]-Øn≥ Iogn-emWv (H.-t\m. 1:18˛3:20). CsXmcp a\p-jy-cq-]m-tcm-]-W-]-c-amb {]tbm-K-

amWv (1:18 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWp-I). F¶nepw CsXmcp bmYm¿∞ysØ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

tIm]m-Ip-e-\mb Hcp- ssZ-h-Øn-s‚ ssII-fn¬ hogp-∂Xv F{X `b-¶cw (F-{_m. 10:31).

5:10 ""Ahs‚ ]p{Xs‚ ac-W-Øm¬'' ]m]-£-a-bpsS kphn-tijw ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂Xv

1. ssZh-Øns‚ kvt\lw (H.-t\m. tbml. 3:16)

2. {InkvXp-hns‚ {]hrØn (8:32; Kem. 1:4; 2:20)

3. Bflm-hns‚ t{]cW (tbm-l. 6:44,65)

4. hy‡nbpsS hnizmk/am\-km-¥c {]Xn-I-cWw (a¿s°m. 1:15; tbml. 1:12; {]hr. 20:21)

ssZh-tØmSp \nc∏p {]m]n-°m≥ as‰mcp hgn-bp-an√ (H.-t\m. 10:1˛2,7˛8; tbml. 14:16; {]hr. 4:12; 1

Xnsam. 2:5). c£-bpsS Dd∏v ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂Xv a\p-jys‚ {]hr-Øn-bn-e-√, -{Xn-tbI ssZh-Øns‚

kz`m-h-Øn-emWv (H.-t\m. ]pd. 34:6; s\sl. 9:17; k¶o. 103:8; 145:8)! c£ {]m]n-®-Xn-\p-ti-j-ap≈ am\p-

jnI {]hr-Øn-Iƒ kuP\y c£-bpsS sXfn-hmWv F∂-XmWv sshcp[yw (H.-t\m. bmt°m-_v, 1 tbml-

∂m≥)!

""\nc∏p h∂p ... \nc-∂-tijw'' CXv `qX-Ime I¿ΩWn kqN-Ihpw `qX-Ime I¿Ω-Wn A]q¿Æ-{In-

bbpw BWv. ""\nc∏p h∂p'' F∂ {Inb-bpsS (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 7:11; 2 sImcn. 5:18,19,20; sImsem. 1:20 IqSn

ImWp-I) bYm¿∞ A¿∞w ""ssIam‰w sNøpI'' F∂m-Wv. ssZhw \ΩpsS ]m]-Øn\p ]I-c-ambn tbip-

hns‚ \oXn ssIam‰w sNbvXp (H.-t\m. sbi. 53:4˛6) kam-[m\w ]p\x-ÿm-]n®p (H.-t\m. hm. 1)!

124


th≠n-bp-≈tXm Bb H∂mwXcw tkm]m-[nI hmN-I-am-Wv. ssZh-Øns‚ AXpey krjvSn-bmb a\p-jy≥

(H.-t\m. Dev]. 1:26-˛27) i{Xp-°-fm-bn-Øo¿∂p! a\p-jy\v (H.-t\m. Dev]. 3:5) \nb-{¥n-°m-\p≈ B{K-l-ap-≠v,

ssZh-am-Im-\p≈ Hcp B{Klw!

""Ahs‚ Poh-\m¬'' Poh≥ F∂-Xn-\p≈ Cu {Ko°v ]Zw tkmb (zoazoazoazoazoa) BWv. tbml-∂ms‚ Fgp-

Øp-I-fn¬ Cu ]Zw F√m-bvt]mgpw ]p\-cp-∞m\ Poh-s\, \nXy-Po-hs\ As√-¶n¬ ssZh-cmPy Pohs\

BWp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. CtX ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-amb A¿∞-Øn¬ ]usemkpw CXp-]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≠v. Cu

kμ¿`-Øns‚ Du∂¬, ssZhw hnizm-kn-I-fpsS ]m]-tam-N-\-Øn-\p-th≠n A{Xbpw hen-sbmcp hne sImSp-

Øp-sh-¶n¬ Ah≥ Xo¿®-bmbpw AXns‚ ^e-Zm-b-IXzw XpS-cpI Xs∂ sNøpw F∂mWv.

""Poh≥'' Xmsg-°m-Wp∂ GsX-¶n-ep-sam-∂ns\ kqNn-∏n-°p∂p

1. tbip-hns‚ ]p\-cp-∞m\w (H.-t\m. 8:34; 1 sImcn. 15)

2. tbip-hns‚ a[yÿ {]hrØn (H.-t\m. 8:34; F{_m. 7:25; 1 tbml. 2:1)

3. \Ωn¬ {InkvXp-hns\ Dcp-hm-°p∂ ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhv (H.-t\m. 8:29; Kem. 4:19)

tbip-hns‚ `qan-bn-se -Po-hn-Xhpw ac-Whpw Ahs‚ ]p\-cp-∞m\ Pohn-Xhpw (kz¿§m-tcm-l-Ww, {]hr.

1) BWv \ΩpsS \nc-∏ns‚ ASn-ÿm\w F∂v ]usemkv {]kvXm-hn-°p-∂p.

""\mw c£n-°-s∏Spw'' ]pXnb \nbaw c£sb `qX, h¿Ø-am-\-, `mhn Ime-ß-fn¬ ]d-bp-∂p. ChnsS

`mhn-Im-esØ c≠mw hc-hn¬ kw`-hn-°p∂ \ΩpsS BXy-¥n-Ihpw ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏-´-Xp-amb c£-bmbn

]d-bp∂p (H.-t\m. 1 tbml. 3:2). hm. 9 s‚ Ipdn∏pw 10:13 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-j-bhpw ImWp-I.

5:11 ""A{X-bp-a√'' hm. 3 s‚ Ipdn∏p ImWp-I.

""\ap°p Ct∏mƒ \nc∏p e`n-®-Xn\v'' ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏´ {]hr-Ønsb kqNn-∏n-°p∂ qX-Ime I¿Øcn

kqN-I-am-Wn-Xv. hnizm-kn-bpsS \nc∏v (""ssI-am‰w'') hm. 10 epw 2 sImcn. 5:18˛21; Fs^. 2:16-˛22; sImsem.

1:19-˛23 epw N¿® sNø-s∏-Sp-∂p. Cu kμ¿`-Øn¬ ""\nc∏v'' F∂Xv ""\oXo-I-cWw'' F∂-Xns‚ ssZh-im-

kv{X-]-c-amb ]cym-b-am-Wv.

""\mw {]iw-kn-°bpw sNøp∂p'' 5:2 s‚ Ipdn∏p ImWp-I. Cu kμ¿`Øn¬ ""{]iw-kn-°pI'' F∂-

Xns‚ aq∂m-asØ D]-tbm-K-am-Wn-Xv.

1. {]Xym-i-bn¬ {]iw-kn-°p-∂p, hm. 2

2. IjvS-ß-fn¬ {]iw-kn-°p-∂p, hm. 4

3. \nc-∏n¬ {]iw-kn-°p-∂p, hm. 11

sX‰mb {]iwk 2:17 epw 23 epw ImWmw!

tdma¿ 5:12˛1412AXpsIm≠p GIa\pjy\m¬ ]m]hpw ]m]Øm¬ acWhpw temIØn¬ IS∂p. Cßs\

F√mhcpw ]m]w sNbvIbm¬ acWw kIea\pjycnepw ]c∂ncn°p∂p. 13]m]tam \ymb-

{]amWwhsc temIØn¬ D≠mbncp∂p; F∂m¬ \ymb{]amWw C√mXncn°ptºmƒ ]m]sØ

IW°nSp∂n√. 14F¶nepw hcphm\p≈hs‚ {]Xncq]amb BZmans‚ ewL\Øn∂p Xpeyambn

]m]w sNømØhcnepw acWw BZmwapX¬ tamsihsc hmWncp∂p.

5:12 ""AXpsIm≠v'' tdmam-te-J-\-Øn¬ \n¿Æm-bI ÿm\Øp {]Xn-jvTn-°s∏´ [mcmfw ""AXp-sIm≠v''

D≠v (H.-t\m. 5:1; 8:1; 12:1). Ah F¥n-t\mSp _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p F∂-XmWv hymJym-\-]-c-amb tNmZyw. Ah

]usem-kns‚ kºq¿Æ hmZ-K-Xnsb ]cm-a¿in-°p∂ am¿§-am-bn-cn-°m-\mWp km[y-X. ChnsS ImWp-∂Xv

Dev]-Øn-tbmSp _‘-s∏-´-Xm-I-bm¬ tdma. 1:18˛32 te°v aS-ßn-t∏m-Ip-∂-Xm-sW∂v Dd-∏n-°mw.

""GI -a-\p-jy-\m¬'' Cu s]mXp-{]-tbmKw (B-£. slt\mkv Bt{¥m-]q˛e,noj anqrwpoue,noj anqrwpoue,noj anqrwpoue,noj anqrwpoue,noj anqrwpou) BZm-an-

s\tbm (hm. 12,13,17,18,19) tbip-hn-s\tbm (hm. 15 [2 {]mhiyw], 17 [2 {]mhiyw], 18,19) {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°m≥

D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Ah¿ Ccp-hcpw Hcp kaq-lsØ AYhm Iq´sØ (G-Xm. ""At\-I¿'' H.-t\m. hm. 15

[2 {]mhiyw], 19 [2 {]mhiyw]); ""F√m-hcpw'' (H.-t\m. 12, 13, 18 [2 {]mhiyw]) {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p-∂p.

""GI -a-\p-jy-\m¬ ]m]hpw ... temI-Øn¬ IS∂p'' hm. 12 se aq∂p {Inb-Ifpw `qX-Ime {Inb-I-fm-

Wv. BZm-ans‚ hogvN acWw sIm≠p-h∂p (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 15:22). ss__nƒ aqe]m]-sØ-°p-dn®v ]d-bp-

∂n√. ZqX-a-WvU-e-Ønepw ]m]w kw`-hn-®n-´p≠v (H.-t\m. Dev]Øn 3 & shfn-∏mSv 12:7˛9). AsX-t∏m-gm-

sW∂pw FhnsS sh®m-sW∂pw \n›-b-an√ (H.-t\m. sbi. 14:12-˛27; sbsl. 28:12˛19; Ctøm. 4:18; aØm.

25:41; eqs°m. 10:18; tbml. 12:31; shfn. 12:7˛9).

125

BZm-ans‚ ]m]-Øn¬ c≠p Imcy-ßƒ AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂p (1) Hcp {]tXyI Iev]-\-tbm-Sp≈ A\p-k-

c-W-t°Sv (H.-t\m. Dev]. 2:16-˛17), (2) kzb-˛-tI-{μo-Ir-X-amb \nKfw (H.-t\m. Dev]. 3:5˛6). CXn-eqsS tdma.

1:18-˛32 ¬ Bcw-`n® Dev]. 3 s\∏-‰n-bp≈ kqN\ XpS-cp-∂p.

]m]sØ kw_-‘n® ssZh-im-kv{X-amWv ]usem-kns\ d∫n-am-cpsS Nn¥-I-fn¬ \n∂pw hy‡-ambn

th¿Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. d∫n-am¿ {i≤ tI{μo-I-cn-°p-∂Xv Dev]. 3 ¬ A√, adn®v Ah¿ {]kvXm-hn-°p-∂Xv

Hmtcm hy‡n-bnepw c≠v ""CjvS-ßƒ'' Ds≠-∂mWv (sb-‰vsk¿). Ah-cpsS {]kn-≤-amb d∫n-h-N\w, ""Hmtcm

a\p-jy-s‚bpw lrZ-b-Øn¬ Hcp IdpØ \mbpw shfpØ \mbpw D≠v. \nßƒ G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ Xo‰n-t∏m-

‰p-∂h G‰hpw hep-Xm-bn-Øo-cpw.'' ]usemkv ]m]sØ I≠Xv hnip-≤-\mb ssZh-Øn\pw Ahs‚

krjvSn°pw at[y Db¿∂p \nev°p∂ Hcp XS- -am-bn-´m-Wv. ]usemkv Hcp hyh-ÿnX ssZh-im-kv{X-⁄-

\m-bn-cp-∂n√ (H.-t\m. Pbnwkv Ãphm¿Uns‚ F am≥ C≥ ss{IÃv). Ah≥ ]m]-Øns‚ \nc-h[n Dd-hn-S-

ßƒ ]d-bp-∂p≠v (1) BZm-ans‚ hogvN, (2) kmØm\y ]co-£, (3) a\p-jys‚ XpS¿am\ a’cw (H.-t\m.

Fs^. 2:2˛3).

BZmapw tbiphpw XΩn-ep≈ ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-amb sshcp≤yßfnepw kam-¥-c-ß-fnepw km[y-amb

c≠v {]mtbm-Kn-I-X-I-fm-Wp-≈Xv:

1. BZmw Hcp bYm¿∞ Ncn-{X-]p-cp-j-\m-bn-cp∂p

2. tbip Hcp bYm¿∞ a\p-jy-\m-bn-cp∂p

Cu c≠p hkvXp-X-Ifpw Zpcp-]-tZ-i-ß-fpsS \Sp-hn¬ ss__n-fns\ ÿnco-I-cn-°p-∂p. ""GI a\p-

jy≥'' As√-¶n¬ ""GI≥'' F∂ Bh¿Øn-®p≈ D]-tbmKw {i≤n-°p-I. BZm-an-s\bpw tbip-hn-s\bpw

]cm-a¿in-°p∂ Cu c≠p am¿§-ßƒ Cu kμ¿`-Øn¬ 11 {]mhiyw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≠v.

""]m]-Øm¬ ac-Whpw'' ""aqe-]m]w'' F∂ ]Zw BZyw D]-tbm-Kn-®Xv AK-Ãn≥ BWv. Dev]Øn 3 ¬

ImWp∂ BZm-an-s‚bpw lΔm-bp-sSbpw Xnc-s™-Sp-∏ns‚ ^e-sØ-bm-WXv hnh-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Ah-cp-sS- a-dp-

X-en∏v kIe krjvSn-I-sfbpw _m[n-®p. a\p-jy¿ Xmsg-∏-d-bp-∂-h-bm¬ kzm[o-\n-°-s∏-´p.

1. hogvN kw`-hn® temI kwhn-[m\w

2. hogvN kw`-hn® {]IrXw

aqe-]m]w (hm. 12-˛14, 16a, 17) hy‡n-]-c-amb ]m]-hp-ambn (hm. 12-d, 16b) Hcp ]¶m-fnØw ÿm]n-°p-

Ibpw kIe a\p-jy-scbpw ]m]n-I-fm-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp! ]m]w ""acW''--Øn¬ Iem-in®p (H.-t\m. 1:32;

6:13,16,21,23; 7:5,9,10,11,13,24; 8:13).

sPtdmw ss__nƒ Ia‚dn (t]. 308), Ncn-{X-Øn¬ aq∂p L´-ß-fp-s≠∂ d∫n ]mc-º-cysØ ]cm-

a¿in-°p-∂p:

1. BZmw ˛ tamsi

2. tamsi ˛ ainlm

3. ainlm ˛ FkvJm-t‰m¨

]usem-kmWv Cu hn`-P-\-sØ-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-°p-∂-sX-¶n¬ AXv:

1. BZmw ˛ tamsi (aq-e-]m-]w, \ymb{]-am-W-an√ adn®v ac-Ww)

2. tamsi ˛ ainlm (hy-‡n-]-c-amb ]m]w, \ymb{]-amW ewL-\w)

3. ainlm ˛ (\ym-b-{]-am-W-Øn¬\n∂p kzmX{¥yw/Ir]-bpsS {]am-Ww)

""F√m-hcpw ]m]w sNbvI-bm¬'' BZm-an¬ kIe a\p-jycpw Iq´mbn ]m]w-sNbvXp (A-Xm-bXv ]m]-

h-ÿbpw ]m]-hm-k-\bpw ss]Xr-I-ambn e`n-®p). C°m-c-W-Øm¬ Hmtcm hy‡nbpw hy‡n-]-c-ambpw

XpS¿am-\-ambpw ]m]w sNøp-∂Xp Xnc-s™-Sp-Øp. F√m a\pjycpw Iq´mbpw hy‡n-]-c-ambpw ]m]n-I-fm-

sW∂ Imcyw ss__nƒ Du∂n-∏-d-bp∂p (H.-t\m. 1 cmPm. 8:46; 2 Zn\. 6:36; k¶o. 14:1˛2; 130:3; 143:2; kZr.

20:9; k`m. 7:20; sbi. 9:17; 53:6; tdma. 3:9˛18,23; 5:18; 11:32; Kem. 3:22; 1 tbml. 1:8˛10).

F∂n-cp-∂mepw kmμ¿`n-I-amb Du∂¬ (H.-t\m. hm. 15-˛19) Hcp {]hrØn ac-W-sØbpw (B-Zmw) Hcp

{]hrØn Poh-s\bpw (tb-ip) Df-hm-°p∂p F∂-Xn-\mWv F∂p ]dtb-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. F¶nepw am\p-jnI

ewL\w ""\jvSm-hÿ''--bp-sSbpw ""\oXo-I-cW''-Øn-s‚bpw kp{]-[m\ hi-am-sW∂v hcp-amdv ssZhw a\p-

jy-h¿§-tØm-Sp≈ Xs‚ _‘sØ {Iao-I-cn-®p. a\p-jy¿ Xß-fpsS `mhn \n›-bn-°p-∂-Xn¬ a\-∏q¿Δ-

ambn CS-s]-Sp-∂p. Ah¿ XpS¿am-\-ambn ]m]sØ Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-Itbm tbip-hns\ Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-Itbm

sNøp-∂p. Cu c≠p Xnc-s™-Sp-∏p-Isf kzm[o-\n-°m≥ Ah¿°p Ign-I-bn-√, ]t£ Ah¿ GXn¬ Dƒs∏-

´n-cn-°p∂p F∂v Ah¿°v kzta-[bm shfn-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ign-bpw.

""sNbvI-bm¬'' F∂ X¿÷a km[m-c-W-am-sW-¶nepw AXns‚ A¿∞w an°-t∏mgpw X¿°-km-[y-X-

bp-≈-Xm-Wv. ]usemkv ""BI-bm¬'' F∂ A¿∞-Øn¬ F^v' tlm (ef o,ef o,ef o,ef o,ef o,) F∂ ]Zw 2 sImcn. 5:4; ^nen.

3:12; 4:10 ¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≠v. Aß-s\-sb-¶n¬ Hmtcm a\p-jy\pw ssZh-Øn-s\-Xn-cmb ]m]-Ønepw a’-c-

Ønepw hy‡n-]-c-ambn ]¶m-fn-bm-Ip-∂Xv Xnc-s™-Sp-Øp. Nne¿ AXp sNbvXXv {]tXyI shfn-∏m-Sns\

\nc-kn-®p-sIm≠msW-¶nepw F√m-hcpw {]Ir-Xn-bnse shfn-∏m-Sns\ \nc-kn-®p-sIm-≠m-WXp sNbvXXv (H.-

126

t\m. 1:18-˛3:20).

""acWw kIe a\p-jy-cnepw ]c-∂n-cn-°p∂p'' Cu JWvUnIbpsS {][m\ Du∂¬ acWw F∂

]m]-^-e-Øns‚ km¿Δ-eu-In-I-X-bmWv (H.-t\m. hm. 16-˛19; 1 sImcn. 15:22; Kem. 1:10).

1. BflnI acWw ˛ Dev]. 2:17; 3:1˛24; sbi. 59:2; tdma. 7:10˛11; Fs^. 2:1; sImsem. 2:13; bmt°m. 1:15

2. imco-cn-I -a-cWw ˛ Dev]. 3:4˛5; 5:1˛32

3. \nXy-a-cWw ˛ shfn. 2:11; 20:6,14; 21:8

5:13-˛14 CtX kXyw tdma. 3:20; 4:15 & {]hr. 17:30 epw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. ssZhw kXy-hm-\m-Wv. a\p-jy¿

Ah¿°p e`y-am-b-Xn-\p -am{Xw IW°p t_m[n-∏n-®m¬ aXn-bm-Ipw. Cu hmIyw {]-Ir-Xn-bnse shfn-∏m-Sn-

s\-°p-dn-®√ (k-¶o. 19:1˛6; tdma. 1:18-˛23; 2:11˛16) {]tXyI shfn-∏m-Sn-s\-°p-dn®p (]-gb \nb-aw, tbip,

]pXnb \nb-aw) am{X-amWp kwkm-cn-°p-∂Xv.

NKJV bn¬ hm. 12 se Xmc-X-ayw, hm. 18-˛21 se D]-kw-lm-c-Øn¬ \n∂pw Hcp \o≠ B\p-jw-KnI (C-

Sbv°p tN¿Ø-Xv) {]kvXm-h-\-bm¬ th¿Xn-cn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn ImWmw (H.-t\m. hm. 13-˛17).

NASB ""hcp-hm-\p-≈-hs‚ {]Xn-cq-]-amb''

NKJV, NRSVTEV ""hcp-hm-\p-≈-hs‚ cq]-amb BZmw''

NJB ""hcp-hm-\p-≈-hs‚ ap≥cq]-ambncp∂p BZmw''

BZmw ˛ {InkvXp {]Xn-cq] D]-tZ-i-sØ (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 15:21-˛22, 45-˛49; ^nen. 2:6˛8) hfsc hy‡-

ambn Dd-∏n-°p∂ am¿§-am-Wn-Xv. c≠p-t]cpw Hcp hwi-Øns‚ Bcw-`-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ Hcp ]c-º-c-bnse

BZysØ hy‡n-IfmWv (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 15:45-˛49). ]pXnb \nbaw ""{]Xn-cq]w'' (""bn-{km-tb¬'' {]Xn-

cq]w F∂ \ne-bn¬, 1 sImcn. 10:6 ImWpI) F∂ \ne-bn¬ hnfn-°p∂ GI ]gb \nba hy‡n-bmWv

BZmw. 6:17 se {]tXy ]T-\-hn-jbw: cq]w (‰p-t]m-kv) ImWp-I.

""BZm-ans‚ ewL-\-Øn\p Xpey-ambn ]m]w sNøm-Ø-h-cnepw'' BZmw ssZh-Øns‚ Hcp {]Jym-

]nX Iev]-\-bmWv ewLn-®Xv (A-Xm. Cev]. 2:15-˛17). CtX hn[-Øn-e√ lΔm t]mepw ]m]w sNbvX-Xv.

ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂p t\cn-´-√, BZm-an¬ \n∂mWv Ahƒ hr£-sØ-°p-dn®v tI´-Xv. a\p-jy≥ BZmw apX¬

tamsi hsc BZmans‚ a’-c-Øm¬ _m[n-°-s∏´p! Ah≥ ssZh-Øn¬\n-∂p≈ Hcp {]tXyI Iev]\

\nc-kn-®n-√, F∂m¬ Cu ssZh-imkv{X kμ¿`-Øns‚ `mK-amb 1:18-˛32 shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv, Ah¿ {]Ir-

Xn-bn-eqsS e`n® shfn-®sØ ewLn-®-Xn-\m¬ a’-c-Øn\v/]m]-Øn\v ssZh-tØmSp IW°p t_m[n-∏n-

t°-≠-h-cm-Wv F∂ kXy-am-Wv. BZm-ans‚ {]h-WX Ahs‚ kIe a°-fn-te°pw hym]n-®p.

NASB, NKJV, NJB ""acWw hmWp''

NRSV ""acWw A[n-Imcw \SØn''

TEV ""acWw `cWw \SØn''

acWw Hcp cmPm-hn\p Xpeyw hmWp (H.-t\m. hm. 17,21). Cu ac-W-Øn\pw ]m]-Øn\pw `oIc `c-Wm-[n-

Imcn F∂ \ne-bn-ep≈ BfXzw Iev]n-°¬ Cu A[ym-b-Ønepw 6˛mw A[ym-b-Ønepw ImWmw. ac-W-

Øns‚ hniz-hym]I A\p-`-hw, a\p-jys‚ hniz-hym-]I ]m]sØ Dd-∏n-°p-∂p. hm. 17 epw 21 epw Ir]sb

Bf-Xz-]-c-am-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Ir] hmgp∂p! a\p-jy\v Xnc-s™-Sp-∏n\v Ah-k-c-ap≠v (].-\n. s‚ c≠p hgn-

Iƒ, AXm. acWw AYhm Poh≥, H.-t\m. Bh. 11:26; 30:1,19). \nß-fpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬ BcmWp hmgp-

∂Xv?

tdma¿ 5:15-˛1715F∂m¬ ewL\Øns‚ Imcyhpw Ir]mhcØns‚ Imcyhpw Hcpt]mseb√; GIs‚

ewL\Øm¬ At\I¿ acn®p F¶n¬ ssZhIr]bpw GIa\pjy\mb tbip{InkvXphns‚

Ir]bmep≈ Zm\hpw At\I¿°p th≠n G‰hpw A[nIw Ihn™ncn°p∂p. 16GI≥ ]m]w

sNbvXXns‚ ehpw Zm\Øns‚ Imcyhpw Hcpt]mseb√; GIs‚ ]m]w in£mhn[n Iev]n∏m≥

tlXphmbnØo¿∂p. Ir]mhctam At\I ewL\ßsf tamNn°p∂ \oXoIcWhn[n°p

tlXphmbnØo¿∂p. 17GIs‚ ewL\Øm¬ acWw B GI≥ \nanØw hmWp F¶n¬ Ir]bpsS-

bpw \oXnZm\Øns‚bpw kar≤n e`n°p∂h¿ tbip{InkvXp F∂ GI≥\nanØw G‰hpw

A[nIambn Poh\n¬ hmgpw.

5:15˛19 kam\ ]Z-{]-tbm-K-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn®p sIm≠p XpS-cp∂ hmZ-ap-J-am-Wn-Xv. NASB, NRSV, TEVF∂nh hm. 18 ¬ JWvUnI hn`-Pn-°p∂p. F∂n-cp-∂mepw USB4, NKJV, JB F∂nh Ahsb H‰ bqWn-

127

‰mbn ]cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. bYm¿∞ Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚ Dt±-iysØ hymJym-\n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈

Xmt°m¬, JWvUn-I-bnse {][m\ -kXyw a\- n-em-°p-I-bmWv F∂ Imcyw Hm¿Ωn-°p-I.

hm. 15, 19 se ""At\-I¿'' F∂ ]Zhpw hm. 12, 18 se ""F√m-hcpw'' F∂ ]Zhpw ]cym-b-ß-fm-Wv. sbi.

53:11-˛12, hm. 6 F∂n-h-bnepw CXp icn-bm-Wv. Cu ]Z-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Hcp ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-amb

hyXym-k-ßfpw (Im¬hns‚ Xn-cs™Sp°-s∏-´-h¿ x Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-Sm-Ø-h¿) h-cp-Øp-hm≥ ]mSn-√.

""Ir]m-hcw'' Cu kμ¿`-Øn¬ ""Ir]m-hcw'' F∂-Xn\v c≠p hyXykvX {Ko°p ]Z-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-

°p∂p ˛ Jmdn-kvam (carismacarismacarismacarismacarisma), hm. 15,16 (6:23); tUmsdbm/sUmdm-am (doreadoreadoreadoreadorea, dprama dprama dprama dprama dprama), hm. 15,16,17 (3:24

se Ipdn∏v ImWp-I). F¶nepw Ah ]cym-b-ß-fm-Wv. CXmWv bYm¿∞-Øn¬ c£sb kw-_-‘n®

kphm¿Ø. {InkvXp-hn¬ hniz-kn-°p∂ F√m-h¿°pw tbip-{In-kvXp-hn-eqsS e`n-°p∂ ssZh-Øns‚ Ir]m-

hcw (ku-P-\y-Zm-\w) BWnXv (H.-t\m. 3:24; 6:23; Fs^. 2:8,9).


th≠n-bp-≈tXm Bb H∂mwXcw tkm]m-[nI hmN-I-am-Wv. BZm-ans‚ ]m]w kI-e-a-\p-jy-cnepw acWw

sIm≠p-h-∂p. hm. 17 ¬ CXns‚ kam-¥cw ImWmw.

""A[nIw Ihn-™n-cn-°p∂p'' 15:13 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWp-I.

5:8 ""in£m-hn[n ... \oXo-I-cW hn[w'' CXp c≠pw s^md≥kn-Iv (\nb-a-]-c-am-b) ]Z-ß-fm-Wv. ]gb

\nbaw ]e-t∏mgpw {]hm-N-Is‚ ktμiw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv tImS-Xn-bnse cwK-ß-fm-bn-´m-Wv. ]usemkv

Cu cq]w D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p (H.-t\m. tdma. 8:1,31-˛34).


th≠n-bp-≈tXm Bb H∂mwXcw tkm]m-[nI hmN-I-am-Wv. BZm-ans‚ ewL\w kI-e-a-\p-jy-cpsSbpw

acWØn\p Imc-W-am-bn-Øo¿∂p.

""kar≤n e`n-°p-∂-h¿ ... G‰hpw A[n-I-ambn'' hm. 18-˛19 IrXy-ambn ssZh-imkv{X k¥p-en-Xa√.

Cu {]tbmKw tdma. 1˛8 s‚ kμ¿`-Øn¬ \n∂p am‰n km¿Δ-eu-In-I-Xz-Øn-\p≈ ({I-taW kI-ecpw

c£n-°-s∏Spw F∂ kn≤m-¥w) hmIy-sØ-fn-hmbn FSp-°p-hm≥ Ign-I-bn-√. a\p-jy¿ {InkvXp-hn-eq-sS-

bp≈ ssZhnI Zm\w kzoI-cn-°Ww (hm. 17b). c£ kI-e¿°pw e`y-am-Wv, F∂m-eXv hy‡n-]-c-ambn

kzoI-cn-°Ww (H.-t\m. tbml. 1:12; 3:16; tdma. 10:9˛13).

BZm-ans‚ Hcp a’c {]hrØn kIe a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw kºq¿Æ a’-c-Øn\p hgn-sX-fn-®p. Hcp ]m]-

I-c-amb {]hrØn hep-Xm°n ImWn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ {InkvXp-hn¬ Hcp \oXn-bm-Kw,- A-t\I hy‡n

]m]-ßfpw Iq´mb ]m]-{]-hr-Øn-Ifpw ad-bv°p-hm≥ X°-hn[w hen-∏-ap-≈-Xm-°n-Øo¿Øn-cn-°p-∂p. ""{InkvXp-

hns‚ {]hrØn G‰hpw A[n-I-ambn'' Du∂n-∏-d-™n-cn-°p∂p (H.-t\m. hm. 9,10,15,17). Ir] s]cp-Ip∂p!

""\oXn-Zm-\Øn-s‚bpw ... Poh-\n¬ hmgpw ... Poh-Im-c-W-amb \oXo-I-c-Whpw'' hoWp-t]mb a\p-jy-

h¿§-Øns‚ Bflob Bh-iy-ßƒ°p≈ ssZh-Øns‚ Zm\hpw Icp-X-ep-amWv tbip-{InkvXp (H.-t\m. 1

sImcn. 1:30). Cu kam-¥c {]tbm-K-ß-fpsS A¿∞w Xmsg-∏-d-bp-∂-h-bn¬ H∂v Bbn-cn-°mw.

1. ]m]n-I-fmb a\p-jy-h¿§-Øn\v {InkvXp-hns‚ ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏´ {]hr-Øn-bm¬ ssZh-hp-ambn \nc-

∏p-h-cn-Ibpw AXv ""`‡n-\n¿`c Pohn-X-Øn\v'' CSbm°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

2. Cu {]tbmKw ""\nXy-Po-h≥'' F∂-Xns‚ ]cym-b-am-Wv. H∂m-a-tØ-Xn-s\-bmWv kμ¿`w ]n¥p-W-

bv°p-∂-Xv. ""\oXn'' kw_-‘n® ]Z-]-T-\-Øn\v 1:17 se {]-tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWp-I.

""hmgpI'' F∂ {Inbm-]Zw Cu kμ¿`-Øn¬ A\-h[n {]mhiyw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

1. ""acWw BZmw apX¬ tamsi-hsc hmWp,'' hm. 14 (`q-X-Ime I¿Øcn kqN-Iw)

2. ""acWw B GI≥ \nanØw hmWp,'' hm. 17 (`q-X-Ime I¿Øcn kqN-Iw)

3. ""Ir]-bp-sSbpw \oXn-Zm-\-Øn-s‚bpw kar≤n e`n-°p-∂-h¿ ... G‰hpw A[n-I-ambn Poh-\n¬ hmgpw,''

hm. 17 (`mhnIme I¿Øcn kqN-Iw)

4. ""]m]w ac-W-Øm¬ hmWp,'' hm. 21 (`q-X-Ime I¿Øcn kqN-Iw)

5. ""Ir] hmtg-≠-Xn\v,'' hm. 21 (h¿Ø-am\-Ime I¿Øcn hn[n-cq]w)

6. ""]m]w ... hmg-cpXv,'' 6:12 (h¿Ø-am\-Ime I¿Øcn hn[n-cq]w)

Ir]m-Zm-\-Øn\v hn]-co-X-ambn ]usemkv ]m]-Øn\pw acW-Øn\pw BfXzw Iev]n-°p-∂Xv ssZh-

imkv{X kXyw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Hcp i‡-amb am¿§-amWv!

{]tXyI ]T\ hnjbw: ssZh-cm-Py-Øn¬ hmgpI{InkvXp-hn-t\m-Sp-IqsS hmgpI F∂ Bibw ""ssZh-cmPyw'' F∂p hnfn-°-s∏-Sp∂ hnim-e-amb

ssZh-imkv{X hIp-∏ns‚ `mK-am-Wv. bn{km-tb-ens‚ bYm¿∞ cmPmhv F∂ \ne-bn¬ ssZh-sØ-°p-dn-

128

®p≈ ]gb \nba k¶-ev]-Øn¬ \n∂p-f-hm-bn-´p≈XmWnXv (H.-t\m. 1 iaq. 8:7). Ah≥ {]Xo-Im-fl-I-

ambn sblqZm tKm{X-Ønse k¥-Xn-bn-eq-sSbpw (H.-t\m. Dev]. 49:10) bn»mbn IpSpw-_-Øn-eq-sSbpw

(H.-t\m. 2 iaq. 7) hmWp.

ainlmsb kw_‘n®p≈ ]gb \nba {]hN\Øns‚ \nhrØnbmWv tbip. Ah≥ t_Xvetl-

anse Xs‚ PU[mcWØneqsS ssZhcmPyw DZvLmS\w sNbvXp. ssZhcmPyw tbiphns‚

{]kwKØns‚ \SØq¨ BbnØo¿∂p. Ah\n¬ ssZhcmPyw ]q¿Æambn BKXambn (H.t\m. aØm.

10:7; 11:12; 12:28; a¿s°m. 1:15; eqs°m. 10:9,11; 11:20; 16:16; 17:20˛21).

F¶nepw ssZhcmPyw `mhnIme kw_‘nbpamWv (A¥yIme imkv{Xkw_‘n). AXp Ct∏mƒ

D≠v F¶nepw ]q¿ØoIcn°s∏ńń√ (H.t\m. aØm. 6:10; 8:11; 16:28; 22:1˛14; 26:29; eqs°m. 9:27; 11:2;

13:29; 14:1˛24; 22:16,18). tbip H∂masØ {]mhiyw IjvSs∏Sp∂ Zmk\mbn´pw (H.t\m. sbi. 52:13˛53:12)

Xmgvabp≈h\mbn´pw (H.t\m. skJ. 9:9) BWp h∂Xv. F∂m¬ Ah≥ C\n hcp∂Xv cmPm[ncmPm-

hmbn´mWv (H.t\m. aØm. 2:2; 21:15; 27:11˛14). ""hmgpI'' F∂ Bibw Xo¿®bmbpw Cu ""cmPy''

ssZhimkv{XØns‚ `mKamWv. ssZhw cmPyw tbiphns‚ injy∑m¿°p \evIpw.

ain-lmsb kw_-‘n-®p≈ ]gb \nba {]h-N-\-Øns‚ \nhr-Øn-bmWv tbip (eqs°m. 12:32

ImWpI).

{InkvXphnt\mSpIqsS hmgpI F∂ BibØn\v \nch[n hißfpw tNmZyßfpap≠v:

1. {InkvXphneqsS ssZhw hnizmknIƒ°v ""cmPyw'' \¬Inbncn°p∂p F∂p {]kvXmhn°p∂

thZ`mKßƒ ""hmgp∂'' ImcysØ°pdn®v kqNn∏n°p∂pt≠m (H.-t\m. aØm. 5:30; eqs°m.

12:32)?

2. H∂mw \q‰m≠nse sblqZ ]›mØeØn¬ injy∑mtcmSp≈ tbiphns‚ bYm¿∞ hm°pIƒ

kIe hnizmknIsfbpw _m[n°p∂hbmtWm (H.-t\m. aØm. 19:28; eqs°m. 22:28˛30)?

3. Cu PohnXØn¬ Ct∏mƒ hmgp∂Xns\°pdn®p≈ ]usemkns‚ Du∂¬ apIfn¬ ]d™ncn-

°p∂ thZ`mKßƒ°v hncp≤amtWm AtXm AXn\p A\ptbmPyamtWm (H.t\m. tdma. 5:17; 1

sImcn. 4:8)?

4. IjvSXbpw hmgvNbpw F{]ImcamWv _‘s∏ńcn°p∂Xv (H.t\m. tdma. 8:17; 2 Xnsam. 2:11˛12;

1 ]s{Xm. 4:13; shfn. 1:9)?

5. shfn∏mSp ]pkvXIØn¬ Bh¿Øn°p∂ hnjbamWv tXPkvIcn°s∏´ {InkvXphns‚ hmgvN-

bn¬ ]¶mfnbmIpI F∂Xv, F∂m¬ B hmgvN

a. ùanIw, 5:10

b. kl{km_vZ hmgvN, 20:5,6

c. \nXyambXv, 2:26; 3:21; 22:5; Zm\o. 7:14,18,27 F∂o \neIfnemWv.

tdma¿ 5:18˛2118Aßs\ GIewL\Øm¬ kIea\pjy¿°pw in£mhn[n h∂Xpt]mse GI\oXnbm¬

kIea\pjy¿°pw PohImcWamb \oXoIcWhpw h∂p. 19GIa\pjys‚ A\pkcWt°Sn\m¬

At\I¿ ]m]nIfmbnØo¿∂Xpt]mse GIs‚ A\pkcWØm¬ At\I¿ \oXnam∑mcmbn-

Øocpw. 20F∂m¬ ewL\w s]cptI≠Xn∂p \ymb{]amWhpw CSbn¬ tN¿∂ph∂p; F¶nepw

]m]w s]cpIntbSØp Ir] AXy¥w h¿≤n®p. 21]m]w acWØm¬ hmWXpt]mse Ir]bpw

\ΩpsS I¿Ømhmb tbip{InkvXpapJm¥cw \oXnbm¬ \nXyPoh∂mbn hmtg≠Xn∂p Xt∂.

5:18

NASB ""Aßs\ GI \oXn{]hrØn kIe a\pjy¿°pw PohnXØns‚ \oXoIcWØn\p

ImcWambn''

NKJV ""Aßs\ Hcp a\pjys‚ \oXn{]hrØnbneqsS kIea\pjy¿°pw kuP\y Zm\w e`n®p''

NRSV ""Aßs\ GI a\pjys‚ \oXn{]hrØn kIecpsSbpw \oXnbnte°pw Poh\nte°pw

\bn®p''

TEV ""AtXcoXnbn¬ Hcp \oXn{]hrØn kIe a\pjyscbpw kzX{¥cm°pIbpw Ah¿°p

Poh≥ \evIpIbpw sNbvXp''

NJB ""Aßs\ Hcp a\pjys‚ k¬{]hrØn kIe¿°pw Poh≥ \evIpIbpw Ahsc

\oXoIcn°s∏´hcm°pIbpw sNbvXp''

129

F√mhcpw c£n°s∏Spw (km¿ΔeuInIXzw) F∂p ]dbpIb√ ChnsS. tdmamteJ\Øns‚

ktμiØn¬ \n∂pw ChnSpsØ kμ¿`Øn¬\n∂pw AS¿ØnsbSpØv Cu hmIysØ hymJym\n°m≥

IgnIbn√. tbiphns‚ PohnXw/acWw/]p\cp∞m\ØneqsS kIe a\pjy¿°pw km[yamb c£sb-

bmWXp kqNn∏n°p∂Xv. a\pjy≥ am\km¥cØneqsSbpw hnizmkØneqsSbpw kphntij hmKvZm\-

tØmSp {]XnIcnt°≠Xp≠v (H.t\m. a¿s°m. 1:15; {]hr. 3:16,19; 20:21). ssZhw F√mbvt]mgpw

ap≥IsøSp°p∂p (H.t\m. tbml. 6:44,65). F∂m¬ Hmtcm hy‡nbpw hy‡n]cambn {]XnIcnt°Wsa∂pw

Ah≥ \njvI¿jn°p∂p (H.t\m. aØm. 11:28˛29; tbml. 1:12; 3:16; tdma. 10:9˛13). Ahs‚ hmKvZm\w

km¿ΔeuInIamWv (H.t\m. 1 Xnsam. 2:4,6; 2 ]s{Xm. 3:9; 1 tbml. 2:2). F¶nepw At\I¿ ""C√'' F∂p

]dbp∂XmWv A[¿ΩØns‚ a¿Ωw.

""\oXn{]hrØn'' F∂Xv H∂pIn¬,

1. ]nXmhns\ ]q¿Æambn shfns∏SpØnb tbiphns‚ kºq¿Æ A\pkcWØns‚ PohnXhpw

D]tZihpw, As√¶n¬

2. ]m]nIfmb a\pjy¿°pth≠nbp≈ Ahs‚ acWw.

Hcp a\pjys‚ PohnXw kIescbpw _m[n®Xpt]mse (sblqZ kaql]cw, H.t\m. tbmiph 7)

Hcp \njvIf¶ PohnXw kIescbpw _m[n®p (tehy. 1˛7, 16). Cu c≠p hkvXpXIƒ kam¥camWv,

]t£ Xpeya√. F√mhcpw BZmans‚ ]m]Øm¬ _m[n°s∏´p, ]t£ F√mhcpw tbiphns‚

PohnXØm¬ km[yXm]cambn am{Xta _m[n°s∏ń´p≈p. \oXoIcW Zm\w {]m]n°p∂ hnizmkn-

Iƒ°p am{Xta AXp {]m]n°phm≥ Ign™n´p≈p. tbiphns‚ {]hrØn `qX, h¿Øam\, `mhn

Imeßfnep≈ kIe am\pjnI ]m]ßsfbpw _m[n®p, ]t£ hnizkn°pIbpw kzoIcn°pIbpw

sNøp∂ hnizmknIƒ°p am{Xw!

5:18˛19 ""kIe a\pjy¿°pw in£mhn[n h∂Xpt]mse ... kIe a\pjy¿°pw PohImcWamb

\oXoIcWhpw ... At\I¿ ]m]nIfmbn ... At\I¿ \oXnam∑mcmbn'' ""At\I¿'' F∂ ]Zw ]cnanXamb

\nebne√, F√mhscbpw Dƒs°m≈p∂ \nebnemsW∂p ImWn°p∂ kam¥camb {]tbmKamWnXv.

CtX kam¥cXzw sbi. 53:6 se ""F√mhcpw'', 53:11,12 se ""]e¿,'' ""At\I¿'' F∂Xnepw ImWm≥

Ignbpw. kIe a\pjyh¿§Øn\pap≈ ssZhØns‚ c£bpsS hmKvZm\w (Im¬hns‚ Xncs™Sp-

°s∏´hcpw x Xncs™Sp°s∏SmØhcpw) ""At\I¿'' F∂ ]Zap]tbmKn®v Nne¿°p am{Xambn

]cnanXs∏SpØm\mhn√.

c≠p {InbIfpsS I¿ΩWn {]tbmKw {i≤n°pI. Ah ssZhØns‚ {]hrØnsb ]cma¿in°p∂p.

ssZhnI kz`mhtØmSp≈ _‘ØnemWv a\pjy¿ ]m]w sNøp∂Xv (Hcp \nehmcw ewLn°s∏Sp∂p).

AXpt]mse Ahs‚ kz`mhtØmSp≈ _‘ØnemWv Ah¿ \oXoIcn°s∏Sp∂Xpw (Ahs‚ Ir]bpsS

Zm\w).

5:19 ""GI a\pjys‚ A\pkcWt°Sn\m¬ ... FIs‚ A\pkcWØm¬'' ]gb \nba kaql]cw

F∂ ssZhimkv{X Bibw ]usemkv D]tbmKn°p∂p. Hcp hy‡nbpsS {]hrØn apgpkaqlsØbpw

_m[n®p (H.t\m. tbmiph 7 se BJm≥). BZmans‚bpw lΔmbpsSbpw A\pkcWt°Sv apgp

krjvSnbpsStaepw \ymbhn[n sIm≠ph∂p (H.t\m. Dev]. 3). BZmans‚ a’cØns‚ êambn kIe

krjvSnbpw im]Øn≥ Iognembn (H.t\m. 8:18˛25). `qan ]gbXpt]mse Bbn√. a\pjy¿ ]gbXpt]mse

Bbn√. acWw `qanbnse kIe Pohs‚bpw A¥yambn (H.t\m. Dev]. 5). ssZhw B{Kln® XcØnep≈

`qanb√ CXv!

Cu kaql]camb A¿∞ØnemWv tbiphns‚ A\pkcWØn≥ {]hrØnbmb Im¬hdn, (1) ]pXnb

bpKw, (2) Hcp ]pXnb P\w, (3) Hcp ]pXnb DSºSn F∂nhbv°p ImcWambn Xo¿∂Xv. Cu {]mXn\n[y

ssZhimkv{XsØ ""BZmw˛{InkvXp {]Xncq]w'' F∂p hnfn°p∂p (H.t\m. ^nen. 2:6). tbip c≠mw

BZmamWv. hoWpt]mb a\pjyIpeØns‚ ]pXnb XpS°amWh≥.

""\oXnam∑mcmbnØocpw'' 1:17 se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw ImWpI.

5:20

NASB ""ewL\w s]cptI≠Xn\v \ymb{]amWw h∂ptN¿∂p''

NKJV ""am{Xa√ ewL\w h¿≤nt°≠Xn\v \ymb{]amWw {]thin®p''

NRSV ""\ymb{]amWw hcnIbpw AXns‚ êambn AXn{Iaw h¿≤n°bpw sNbvXp''

TEV ""sX‰pIƒ h¿≤nt°≠Xn\v \ymb{]amWhpw cwK{]thiw sNbvXp''

NJB ""\ymb{]amWw h∂t∏mƒ AXv hogvNbv°p≈ Ahkcßfpw h¿≤n∏nt°≠Xn\mbncp∂p''

\ymb{]amWØns‚ Dt±iyw a\pjyh¿§sØ c£n°pI F∂Xmbncp∂n√ adn®v, kIe a\pjy-

h¿§Øns‚bpw BhiysØbpw \n lmbXsbbpw Xpd∂p ImWnt°≠Xn\pw (H.t\m. Fs^. 2:1˛3)

Aßs\ Ahsc {InkvXphnte°v sIm≠phcp∂Xn\pw th≠nbmbncp∂p (H.t\m. 3:20; 4:15; 7:5; Kem.

3:19,23-˛26). \ym{]amWw \√XpXt∂, ]t£ a\pjy≥ ]m]nbmWv (H.t\m. tdma. 7)!

130

""Ir] AXy¥w h¿≤n®p'' Cu `mKØv ]usemkns‚ {][m\ Du∂¬ CXmWv: ]m]w ITn\hpw

aen\s∏SpØp∂Xpw BsW¶nepw Ir] h¿≤n°pIbpw AXns‚ ssZ\wZn\ kzm[o\sØ°mƒ

h¿≤n°bpw sNbvXp. H∂mw \q‰m≠nse £oWn® k`sb i‡oIcn°p∂n\p≈ Hcp am¿§ambncp∂p

CXv. Ah¿ {InkvXphn¬ PbmfnIfmbncp∂p (H.t\m. 5:9˛11; 8:31˛39; 1 tbml. 5:4). F∂m¬ CXv IqSpX¬

]m]w sNøp∂Xn\p≈ ssek≥kv A√! 1:30 se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw: ]usemkns‚ lqs]¿ kwbp‡-

ßfpsS D]tbmKw, ImWpI.

5:21 ""]m]''sØbpw ""Ir]''sbbpw cmPm°∑mcmbn BfXzw Iev]n®ncn°p∂p. hnizacWØns‚ i‡nbm¬

]m]w hmWp (hm. 14,17). Ir] tbip{InkvXphns‚ ]q¿ØoIcn°s∏´ {]hrØnbmepw hnizmknbpsS

hy‡n]camb hnizmkØmepw am\km¥cØmepw kphntijtØmSp≈ {]XnIcWØmepw IW°nS-

s∏´ \oXnbpsS i‡nbm¬ hmgp∂p.

ssZhØns‚ ]pXnb P\hpw {InkvXphns‚ icochpw F∂ \nebn¬ hnizmknIƒ {InkvXphnt\mSp-

IqsS hmgpw (H.t\m. 5:17; 2 Xnsam. 2:12; shfn. 22:5). CXns\ `qanbnse As√¶n¬ kl{km_vZØnse

hmgvN Bbn ImWm≥ Ignbpw (H.t\m. shfn. 5:9˛10; 20). cmPyw hnizmknIƒ°p \evIs∏´ncn°p∂p

F∂p {]kvXmhn°p∂XneqsS CtX kXyw ss__nƒ kwkmcn°p∂p (H.t\m. aØm. 5:3,10; eqs°m.

12:32; Fs^. 2:5˛6). 5:17,18 se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw: ssZhcmPyw ImWpI.









1. ssZhØns‚ ""\oXn'' \n¿hNn°pI.

2. ""ÿm\ob hnip≤oIcWw'', ""]ptcmKa\ hnip≤oIcWw'' F∂nh XΩnep≈ ssZhimkv{X]camb

hyXymkw F¥mWv?

3. \mw c£n°s∏Sp∂Xv Ir]bmemtWm AtXm hnizmkØmemtWm (H.t\m. Fs^. 2:8,9)?

4. {InkvXob hnizmknIƒ IjvSX kln°p∂Xv F¥psIm≠v?

5. \mw c£n°s∏´pthm, AtXm c£n°s∏´psIm≠ncn°p∂pthm, AtXm c£n°s∏Sptam?

6. \mw ]m]w sNøp∂XpsIm≠v ]m]nIfmbXmtWm, AtXm ]m]nIfmbXpsIm≠v ]m]w sNøpI-

bmtWm?

7. ""\oXoIcn°s∏´p,'' ""c£n°s∏´p,'' ""\nc∏n°s∏´p'' F∂o ]Zßƒ Fßs\bmWv Cu A[ymb-

Øn¬ _‘s∏´ncn°p∂Xv?

8. Bbnc°W°n\p h¿jßƒ°p apºv Pohn®ncp∂ Hcp a\pjys‚ ]m]Øn\v F¥psIm≠mWv

ssZhw Fs∂ DØchmZnbm°p∂Xv (hm. 12˛21)?

9. BZmw apX¬ tamsi hscbp≈ ImeL´Ønse ]m]w ssZhw IW°nSp∂ns√¶n¬ ]ns∂ F¥p-

sIm≠mWv B ImeL´Ønse F√mhcpw acn®Xv (hm. 13˛14)?

10. ""F√mhcpw,'' ""At\I¿'' F∂o ]Zßƒ ]cymbßfmtWm (hm. 18˛19; sbi. 53:6,11˛12)?

131

]m]Øn\p acn®p ]m]Øn\p acn®p {InkvXphnt\mSp ]m]Øn\p acn®p kv\m\w

{InkvXphn¬ Pohn ssZhØn\p Pohn IqsS acn°pIbpw {InkvXphn¬ Pohn

°p∂p °p∂p Pohn°pIbpw °p∂p

6:1˛11 6:1˛14 6:1˛4 6:1˛4 6:1˛7

6:5˛11 6:5˛11

6:8˛11

]m]a√ hnip≤n

bmWv bPam\≥

6:12˛14 6:12˛14 6:12˛14 6:12˛14

\oXn°p Zmk∑m¿ ]m]Øns‚ Zmky c≠v ASnaØßƒ \oXn°p Zmk∑m¿ hnizmkn ]m]

Øn¬\n∂pw ssZh Øns‚ ASnaØ

Øns‚ Zmk∑m¿ Øn¬\n∂p kzX

{¥≥

6:15˛23 6:15˛23 6:15˛19 6:15˛19 6:15˛19

]m]Øns‚ iº

fhpw \oXnbpsS

{]Xnêhpw

6:20˛23 6:20˛23 6:20˛23
















4. BZnbmbh

]›m-Øe Dƒ°m-gvN-IƒA. 6:1˛8:31 hsc-bp≈ `mKw, ]m]-tØm-Sp≈ hnizm-kn-bpsS _‘-sØ-°p-dn®v {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p∂ (A-Xm.

\oXo-I-c-Ww) Hcp bqWn-‰m-Wv. CXp hfsc {][m-\-s∏´ hnj-b-am-Wv. Imc-Ww,- kp-hn-tijw {InkvXp-

hn-eq-sS-bp≈ ssZh-Øns‚ kuP\y Ir]bn¬ ASn-ÿm-\-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂-XmWv (H.-t\m. 3:21˛5:21). AXp-

sIm≠v ]m]w Fß-s\-bmWv hnizm-knsb _m[n-°p-∂Xv? 6˛mw A[ymbw c≠p tNmZy-ß-fn¬ ASn-

ÿm-\-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p, hm. 1, hm. 20. hm. 1, 5:20 t\mSp _‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-tºmƒ, hm. 15, 6:14 t\mSmWp

_‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-Xv. H∂m-a-tØXv ]m]w Hcp Pohn-X-ssien (h¿Ø-am-\-Im-ew) F∂ \ne-bn¬

_‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-tºmƒ, c≠m-a-tØXv hy‡n-]-c-amb ]m]-{]-hrØntbmSp (`q-X-Im-ew) _‘-s∏-ń-cn-

°p-∂p. hm. 1˛14,- hn-izm-kn-bpsS ]m]m-[n-]-Xy-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ hnSp-X-ens\ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-tºmƒ, hm.

132

15-˛23 hnizm-kn-Iƒ apºp ]m]sØ tkhn-®-Xp-t]mse Ct∏mƒ ssZhsØ tkhn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Ah-

cpsS kzmX-{¥ysØ ˛ ]q¿Æambpw apgp-h-\m-bpw ]q¿Æ-lr-Z-b-tØm-sSbpw ˛ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p.

B. hnip-≤o-I-cWw F∂Xv (6:4 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWp-I)

1. Hcp ÿm\w (c-£-bn¬ \oXo-I-cWw IW-°n-´-Xp-t]m-se, H.-t\m. 3:21˛5:21)

2. Hcp ]ptcm-KXn {]m]n-°p∂ {InkvXp kmZr-iyw

a. 6:1˛8:39 Cu kXyw ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-ambn shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p

b. 12:1˛15:13 AXv {]mtbm-Kn-I-ambn shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p (6:4 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWp-I)

C. hymJym-Xm-°ƒ°v ]e-t∏mgpw \oXo-I-c-Ww, ÿm\ob hnip≤oI-cWw F∂o hnj-b-ßsf Ah-

bpsS A¿∞w {Kln-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn hn`-Pn-t°-≠n-h-cm-dp-≠v. hmkvX-h-Øn¬ Ah Ir]-bpsS Htc

kabw \S-°p∂ {]hr-Øn-I-fmWv (ÿm-\o-bw, 1 sImcn. 1:30; 6:11). c≠n-s‚bpw {]h¿Ø-\-coXn

H∂p-X-s∂-bmWv ˛ tbip-hns‚ Pohn-Xw, ac-Ww, Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂ev]v/kz¿§m-tcm-lWw F∂n-h-bn-

eqsS {]Z¿in-∏n-°-s∏´ ssZh-Ir-]bpw AXp kzoI-cn-°p-∂Xpw (H.-t\m. Fs^. 2:8˛9).

D. ssZha°ƒ°v {InkvXphn¬ km[yamb ]q¿Æ hf¿®sb Cu A[ymbw ]Tn∏n°p∂p (]m]clnXm-

hÿ, H.t\m. 1 tbml. 3:6,9; 5:18). A[ymbw 7, 1 tbml. 1:8˛2:1 F∂nh hnizmknbpsS XpS¿am\amb

]m]mhÿ F∂ bmYm¿∞ysØ shfns∏SpØp∂p.

]m]£a kw_‘n® ]usemkns‚ ho£WsØ°pdn®p≈ (AXm. hnizmkw aqew Ir]bm-

ep≈ \oXoIcWw) Bib kwL´\w. ]pXnb hnizmknIƒ tamssiI \ymb{]amWw A\pkcn°p-

∂XneqsS `‡n\n¿`c PohnXw Dd∏m°Wsa∂v sblqZ∑m¿ Bhiys∏´p. Nne BfpIƒ

]usemkns‚ ho£WsØ ]m]w sNøp∂Xn\p≈ A\phmZambn I≠p F∂v kΩXnt°≠n-

bncn°p∂p (H.t\m. hm. 1, 15; 2 ]s{Xm. 3:15,16). _mly\nbaßf√, D≈n¬ hkn°p∂ BflmhmWv

{InkvXpXpey A\pbmbnIsf hm¿sØSp°p∂sX∂v ]usemkv hnizkn®p. hmkvXhØn¬ CXmWv

]gb DSºSnbpw (H.t\m. Bh. 27˛28) ]pXnb DSºSnbpw (H.t\m. bnsc. 31:31˛34; sbsl. 36:26˛27)

XΩnep≈ hyXymkw.

E. kv\m\w F∂Xv \oXoIcWw/hnip≤oIcWw F∂ BflnI bmYm¿∞yØns‚ `uXnI {]IS\w

am{XamWv. tdmamteJ\Øn¬ ÿm\ob hnip≤oIcWw (\oXoIcWw), A\p`hthZyamb hnip≤o-

IcWw ({InkvXpkmZriyw) F∂o Cc´ D]tZiw Du∂n∏d™ncn°p∂p. Aht\mSpIqsS

Ipgn®nSs∏´p (hm. 4) F∂Xv ""Aht\mSpIqsS {Iqin°s∏´p'' (hm. 6) F∂Xn\p kam¥camWv.

F. {InkvXym\nbpsS PohnXØn¬ ]co£sbbpw ]m]sØbpw Pbn°p∂Xn\p≈ Xmt°m¬

1. \nßƒ {InkvXphnemsW∂dnbpI. Ah≥ \nßƒ°pth≠n sNbvXXv F¥msW∂dnbpI.

\nßƒ ]m]Øn¬\n∂p kzmX{¥yap≈hcmWv. \nßƒ ]m]Øn\p acn®hcmWv!

2. \nßfpsS ssZ\wZn\ PohnX kmlNcyßfn¬ {InkvXphnep≈ \nßfpsS ÿm\sØ FÆpI/

IW°nSpI.

3. \nßƒ \nßƒ°p≈hc√. \mw \ΩpsS bPam\s\ tkhn°Ww/A\pkcn°Ww. BZyw \sΩ

kvt\ln®p \ap°pth≠n Gev]n®p X∂ht\mSp≈ kvt\lhpw \μnbpw \nanØw \mw tkhn°-

Ww/A\pkcn°Ww.

4. {InkvXob PohnXw F∂Xv {]IrXymXoX PohnXamWv. AXv, c£t]mse Xt∂ {InkvXphn¬

ssZhØn¬\n∂p≈ Zm\amWv. Ah≥ AXn\v Bcw`w Ipdn°pIbpw AXn\p≈ i‡n \¬IpI-

bpw sNøp∂p. \mw {]mcw`ambpw XpS¿am\ambpw am\km¥cØneqsSbpw hnizmkØneqsSbpw

{]XnIcn°Ww.

5. ]m]tØmSp Ifn°cpXv. AXns‚ t]cn\\pkcn®v AXns\ ap{ZIpØpI. AXn¬\n∂pw Hgn™p-

\nev°pI. AXns\ hn´v HmSnt∏mIpI. ]co£bpsS ÿm\ßfn¬ {]thin°cpXv.

6. hnizmknbnep≈ ]m]w XI¿°s∏tS≠ Hcp ASnaØamWv. F¶nepw AXn\v kphntij

⁄m\w, Bflmhns‚ km∂n[yw, kabw, {]bXv\w, kzta[bm Xocpam\w F∂nh BhiyamWv.

]Z ssieo ]T\w

tdma¿ 6:1˛71BIbm¬ \mw F¥p ]dtb≠p? Ir] s]cptI≠Xn∂p ]m]w sNbvXp sIm≠ncn°

Ft∂m? 2Hcp\mfpw AcpXp. ]m]kw_‘ambn acn®hcmb \mw C\n AXn¬ Pohn°p∂Xp

Fßs\? 3A√, tbip{InkvXphnt\mSp tNcphm≥ kv\m\w G‰hcmb \mw F√mhcpw Ahs‚

133

acWØn¬ ]¶mfnIfmIphm≥ kv\m\w G‰ncn°p∂p F∂p \nßƒ Adnbp∂n√tbm? 4Aßs\

\mw Ahs‚ acWØn¬ ]¶mfnIfmbnØo¿∂ kv\m\ Øm¬ Aht\mSpIqsS Ipgn®nSs∏´p;

{InkvXp acn®n´p ]nXmhns‚ alnabm¬ Pohns®gpt∂‰Xpt]mse \mapw Pohs‚ ]pXp°Øn¬

\St°≠Xn∂p Xt∂. 5Ahs‚ acWØns‚ kmZriytØmSp \mw GIo`hn®hcmsb¶n¬

]p\cp∞m\Øns‚ kmZriytØmSpw GIo`hn°pw. 6\mw C\n ]m]Øn∂p ASnas∏SmXhÆw

]m]icocØn∂p \o°w htc≠Xn∂p \ΩpsS ]gb a\pjy≥ Aht\mSp IqsS {Iqin°s∏´p

F∂p \mw Adnbp∂p. 7Aßs\ acn®h≥ ]m]Øn¬\n∂p tamN\w {]m]n®ncn°p∂p.

6:1

NASB ""Ir] h¿≤nt°≠Xn\v \mw ]m]Øn¬ XpScpI Ft∂m''

NKJV ""Ir] s]cptI≠Xn\v \mw ]m]Øn¬ XpStcWtam''

NRSV ""Ir] s]cptI≠Xn\pth≠n \mw ]m]Øn¬ XpStcWtam''

TEV ""ssZhØns‚ Ir] h¿≤nt°≠Xn\v \mw ]m]Øn¬ XpS¿∂pw Pohnt°Wsat∂m''

NJB ""Ir]bv°v hnime km[yX D≠mtI≠Xn\v \mw ]m]Øn¬ \ne\nevt°Wsa∂mtWm'

CsXmcp h¿Øam\Ime I¿Øcn {Inbm_‘amWv. {InkvXob hnizmknIƒ ]m]Øn¬ ""hkn°tbm''

]m]sØ ""BenwK\w sNbvItbm'' sNømtam F∂ tNmZyamWnhnsS D∂bn°p∂Xv. CXv 5:20 te°v

\ΩpsS {i≤sb Xncn°p∂p. Ir]bpsS km[yXbp≈ Zpcp]tbmKsØ t\cnSp∂Xn\v ]usemkv Hcp

ssk≤m¥nI {]XnhmZnsb D]tbmKn°p∂p (H.t\m. 1 tbml. 3:6,9; 5:18). ssZhØns‚ Ir]bpw IcpWbpw

adpXen∏n≥ PohnXØn\p≈ ssek≥k√.

kuP\y c£ {InkvXphneqsSbp≈ ssZhIr]bpsS Zm\w F∂ ]usemkns‚ kphntijw (H.t\m.

3:24; 5:15,17; 6:23) PohnXssieo \oXn kw_‘n®v At\I tNmZyßfpb¿Øn. Fßs\bmWv Hcp

kuP\yZm\w km∑m¿§nI \oXn Dfhm°p∂Xv? \oXoIcWhpw hnip≤oIcWhpw th¿s]SpØm\mhn√

(H.t\m. aØm. 7:24˛27; eqs°m. 8:21; 11:28; tbml. 13:17; tdma. 2:13; bmt°m. 1:22˛25; 2:14˛16).

Cu hnjbsØ kw_‘n®v t]mƒ: At∏mkn¬ Hm^v Z tl¿´v sk‰v {ô F∂ {KŸØn¬ \n∂pw

F^v. F^v. {_qkns\ Rm≥ D≤cn°s´:

""hnizmknIfpsS kv\m\w, AhcpsS ]gb ho≠pwP\\w {]m]n°mØ Ahÿbpw {InkvXp-

hnep≈ AhcpsS ]pXnb PohnXhpw XΩnep≈ AXn¿Øn \n›bn°p∂p. AXv ]gb

PohnXcoXntbmSp≈ AhcpsS acWsØ kqNn∏n°p∂Xn\m¬ kv\m\ta‰ Hcp hnizmkn ]m]-

Øn¬ XpScpI F∂Xv, kzmX{¥yw e`n® Hcp ASna Xs‚ ap≥Ime DSabv°v Iogvs∏ńcn°p-

∂Xpt]msetbm (H.t\m. tdma. 6:1˛4, 15˛23) As√¶n¬ Hcp hn[h AhfpsS acn®pt]mb

`¿Ømhns‚ \nbaØn\p Iogvs∏ńcn°p∂Xpt]msetbm BWv (t]Pv 281˛282, H.t\m. tdma.

7:1˛6).

Pknwkv Fkv. Ãphm¿´v Xs‚ F am≥ C≥ ss{IÃv F∂ {KŸØn¬ FgpXp∂p,

As∏mkvXes‚ CXp kw_‘n® Nn¥bpsS bp‡n tdma¿ 6 ¬ ImWmw. AhnsS ]usemkv,

AXnibIcamb Du¿÷kzeXtbmSpw {]bXv\tØmSpw, {InkvXphns‚ acWØn¬ Aht\mSv

tNcpI F∂p ]d™m¬ hnizmkn ]m]tØmSv ]q¿Æambpw ITn\ambpw th¿s]SpI F∂-

XmsW∂v lrZbØnepw a\ m£nbnepw BgvØnsbgpXphm≥ {ian°p∂p.'' (t]Pv 187˛188).

6:2 ""Hcp-\mfpw AcpXv'' Hcp B{Klw As√-¶n¬ {]m¿∞-\sb kqNn-∏n-°p∂ hn[n-cq]w BWn-Xv. CXv

Hcp km¶-ev]nI {]Xn-hm-Zn-tbmSp DØcw ]d-bp∂ hn[-Øn-ep≈ ]usem-kns‚ {]tXy-I-amb ssien-

bmWv (A-Xm-bXv F{_mb ssien). Ahn-izm-kn-I-fmb a\p-jy-h¿§w Ir]sb sX‰n-≤-cn-°p-Ibpw Zpcp-]-

tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xn-ep≈ ]usem-kns‚ sRépw òXnbpw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bm-Wn-hnsS (H.-

t\m. 3:4,6).

""]m]kw_-‘-ambn acn-®-h-cmb'' ""\mw a-cn®p'' F∂¿∞w hcp∂ `qX-Ime I¿Øcn kqN-I-am-Wn-

Xv. ""]m]w'' F∂ GI-h-N-\-cq]w Cu A≤ym-b-Øn-ep-S-\ofw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≠v. BZm-an¬\n∂pw e`n®

\ΩpsS ""]m] {]IrXnsb'' BWnXp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-sX∂p tXm∂p∂p (H.-t\m. tdma. 5:12-˛21; 1 sImcn. 15:21-

˛22). hnizm-kn-bpsS {InkvXp-hn-t\m-Sp≈ ]pXnb _‘sØ kqNn-∏n-°p-hm≥ ac-W-sa∂ Bi-bsØ Hcp

kmZriy-ambn ]usemkv ]e-t∏mgpw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xp ImWmw. Ah¿ C\n-ta¬ ]m]-Øns‚ ta[mhn-Xz-

Øn\v ASn-a-I-f-√.

""C\n AXn¬ Pohn°p∂Xv'' CXv B£-cn-I-ambn ""\S-°pI'' F∂m-Wv. Cu kmZriyw H∂p-In¬

\ΩpsS Pohn-X-ssieo hnizm-ksØ (H.-t\m. Fs^. 4:1; 5:2,15) As√-¶n¬ Pohn-X-ssieo ]m]sØ (H.-

t\m. hm. 4; Fs^. 4:17) Du∂n-∏-d-bp-hm≥ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v ]m]-Øn¬ kt¥m-jn-°p-hm≥

Ign-I-bn-√.

134

6:3˛4 ""kv\m\w G‰-h-cmb \mw ... Ipgn-®n-S-s∏´p'' Hcp CXp c≠pw `qX-Ime I¿ΩWn kqN-Ißfm-Wv.

Cu hymI-cW cq]w an°-t∏mgpw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv Hcp _mly-a-[y-ÿ-\m¬ \n¿h-ln-°-s∏´ ]q¿Øn-

bmb {]hr-Ønsb kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xn\mWv. Chn-sS-bXv ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hmWv. Cu kμ¿`-Øn¬ CXp c≠pw

kam-¥-c-am-Wv.

{]tXyI ]T\ hnjbw: kv\m\wI¿ńkv thmK≥ {]hr-Øn-Iƒ t]Pv 28 ¬ Xmev-]-cy-P-\-I-amb Hcp ^p´vt\m´v sImSp-Øn-´p-≠v.

""kv\m\w' F∂-Xn-\p≈ {Ko°p ]Zw Hcp {]Ya ]pcpj hn[n-cq-]-amWv; "am\-km-¥-c-s∏-SpI' F∂

]Zw Hcp a[ya ]pcpj hn[n-cq-]-hp-am-Wv. IqSp-X¬ t\cn-´p≈ a[y-]pcpj Iev]-\-bn¬\n∂pw "kv\m\'-

sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Ipd™ t\cn-´p≈ {]Ya-]pcpj Iev]-\-bnte°p≈ Cu am‰w kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv ]s{Xm-

kns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb H∂m-asØ Iev]\ am\-km-¥-c-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bm-bn-cp∂p F∂m-Wv.

CXv tbml-∂m≥ kv\m]-Is‚bpw (H.-t\m. aØm. 3:2) tbip-hn-s‚bpw (H.-t\m. aØm. 4:17) {]kwK

Du∂-en-s\-bmWv ]n¥p-S-cp-∂Xv. am\-km-¥-cw- Hcp BflnI Xmt°mepw, kv\m\w Cu BflnI cq]m-

¥-c-Øns‚ _mly-{]-I-S-\-hp-am-Wv. ]pXnb \nb-a-Øn\v kv\m\-s∏-SmØ hnizm-kn-I-sf-°p-dn®v Adn-hp-

≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. BZna {InkvXym-\nsb kw_-‘n®v kv\m\-sa-∂Xv hnizm-k-Øns‚ ]c-ky-amb G‰p-]-d-

®n-em-bn-cp-∂p. AXv c£-bv°p≈ bm{¥n-I-amb {]hr-Øn-b-√, {InkvXp-hn-ep≈ hnizm-ksØ ]c-ky-

ambn {]Jym-]n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Ah-k-cambn-cp-∂p. ]s{Xm-kns‚ c≠m-asØ {]kw-K-Øn¬ am\-km-

¥cw ]cm-a¿in-°-s∏ńcp∂p F¶nepw kv\m\w ]cm-a¿in-°s∏-ń√ F∂ Imcyw Hm¿t°≠-XmWv (H.-

t\m. 3:19; eqs°m. 24:17). tbip ImWn-®p-X∂ amXr-I-bm-bn-cp∂p kv\m\w (H.-t\m. aØm. 3:13-˛18).

kv\m\w tbip-hns‚ Iev]-\-bm-bn-cp∂p (H.-t\m. aØm. 28:19). c£bv°v kv\m\w Bh-iy-amtWm

F∂ B[p-\nI tNmZyØn\v ]pXnb \nb-a-Øn¬ hni-Zo-I-c-Wan-√; F√m hnizm-kn-Ifpw kv\m\-s∏-S-

W-sa∂v {]Xo-£n-°-s∏-ń-cp-∂p. F∂n-cp-∂m-epw, Hcp-h≥ IqZm-im-]-c-amb NS-ßn-s\-Xnsc Pm{KX ]men-

°Ww! c£ Hcp hnizmk hnj-b-am-Wv, A√msX Hcp icn-bmb ÿew, icn-bmb hm°p-Iƒ, icn-bmb

NSßv \S-Ø¬ F∂n-h-bn-semXpßp∂-X√!

""tbip{InkvXphnt\mSp tNcphm≥'' Fbvkv (eijeijeijeijeij, Hm-Sv) F∂ KXn-bpsS D]-tbmKw aØm. 28:19 se

t{ijvT \ntbm-K-Øn\p kam-¥-c-am-Wv. AhnsS ]pXnb hnizmkn ]nXm-hn-s‚bpw ]p{X-s‚bpw ]cn-ip-≤m-

flm-hn-s‚bpw \ma-tØmSv (Fbvkv ˛ Hm-Sv) kv\m\-s∏-S-Ww. 1 sImcn. 12:13 ¬ hnizm-kn-Iƒ ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-

\m¬ {InkvXp-hns‚ ico-c-tØmSv kv\m\-Øm¬ tN¿°p-∂-Xn\pw CtX KXn D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Fbvkv

(eijeijeijeijeij) Cu kμ¿`-Øn¬, hm. 11se F≥ (enenenenen, ¬) \v kam-¥-c-am-Wv. AXv hnizm-kn-Isf kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-

\p≈ ]usem-kns‚ CjvS {]tbm-K-am-Wv. AXv ÿm\sØ kqNn-∏n-°p∂ {]tbm-K-am-Wv. hnizm-kn-Iƒ

{InkvXp-hn¬ Pohn-°p-Ibpw Ncn-°p-Ibpw Ah-cpsS BkvXnIyw Dd-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Cu KXn-Iƒ

B Bflm¿∞ GIo`m-h-sØbpw, Iq´m-bva-bpsS ]cn-hr-Øn-sbbpw, Cu ap¥n-cn-h≈n˛sImºv _‘-sØbpw

kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. hnizm-kn-Iƒ {InkvXp-hns‚ acW-tØmSv GIo-`-hn-°p-Ibpw Ahs‚ ac-W-Ønepw (H.-

t\m. hm. 6; 8:17) ]p\-cp-∞m-\-Ønepw (H.-t\m. hm. 5), ssZh-tØmSpw Ahs‚ cmPy-tØm-Sp-ap≈ Ahs‚

A\p-k-c-W-tØm-sS-bp≈ tkh-\-Ønepw ]¶m-fn-I-fm-Ip-Ibpw sNøp∂p!

""Ahs‚ acWØn¬ ... Aht\mSpIqsS Ipgn®nSs∏´p'' sh≈-Øn¬ apßn-bp≈ kv\m\w ac-W-

sØbpw AS°-sØbpw Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p∂p (H.-t\m. hm. 5 & sImsem. 2:12). tbip Xs‚ acWØns‚ kmZr-

iy-ambn kv\m\sØ Nn{Xo-I-cn®p (H.-t\m. a¿s°m. 10:38-˛39; eqs°m. 12:50). Chn-SsØ Du∂¬ kv\m\-

Øns‚ D]-tZ-i-Øn-\-√, adn®v {InkvXp-hns‚ acW-tØmSpw AS-°-tØm-Sp-ap≈ hnizm-kn-bpsS ]pXn-bXpw

Bg-ta-dn-b-Xp-amb _‘sØ-°p-dn-®m-Wv. hnizm-kn-Iƒ {InkvXp-hns‚ kv\m\-tØmSpw Ahs‚ kz`m-h-

tØm-Spw, Ahs‚ bmK-tØm-Spw, Ahs‚ ZuXy-tØmSpw GIo-`-hn°p∂p. ]m]-Øn\v hnizm-kn-bp-sS-ta¬

Hcp A[n-Im-c-hp-an-√.

6:4 ""Ahs‚ acWØn¬ ]¶mfnIfmbnØo¿∂ kv\m\Øm¬ Aht\mSpIqsS Ipgn®nSs∏´p'' Cu

A[ym-b-Øn¬, ]usem-kns‚ as‰√m Fgp-Øp-Ifnepw ImWp-∂-Xp-t]mse, kp≥ (sunsunsunsunsun, IqsS) D]-tbm-Kn-

®p≈ kwbp-‡-]-Z-ßƒ [mcmfw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≠v (D-Zm. Fs^. 2:5˛6 ¬ aqs∂-Æw).

1. kp≥ + Xm]vt‰m (sunsunsunsunsun+qaptwqaptwqaptwqaptwqaptw) = Hcp-an®v AS-°-s∏-´p, hm. 4; sImsem. 2:12; hm. 8 s‚ Ipdn∏v

ImWpI.

2. kp≥ + ^pHm (sunsunsunsunsun+fuwfuwfuwfuwfuw) = Hcp-an®v \S-s∏-´p, hm. 5.

3. kp≥ + ÃmhptdmHm (sunsunsunsunsun+staurowstaurowstaurowstaurowstaurow) = Hcp-an®v {Iqin-°-s∏-´p, hm. 6; Kem. 2:20.

4. kp≥ + UvkmHm (sunsunsunsunsun+zawzawzawzawzaw) = Hcp-an®v \ne-\n-ev°pI, hm. 8; 2 Xnsam. 2:11 (H-cp-an®p acn-®p, Hcp-an®p

hmgpI F∂-Xpw)

135

""\mapw Pohs‚ ]pXp°Øn¬ \St°≠Xn∂p Xt∂'' CsXmcp `qX-Ime I¿Øcn {Inbm-_-‘-am-

Wv. c£-bpsS {]Xo-£n-°p∂ êw hnip-≤o-I-c-W-am-Wv. hnizm-kn-Iƒ {InkvXp-hn-eqsS ssZh-Øns‚

Ir] {]m]n-®-Xp-sIm≠pw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-\m¬ hmkw sNø-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-sIm≠pw Ah-cpsS PohnXw hyXy-

kvX-am-bn-cn-°-Ww. \ΩpsS ]pXnb PohnXw (Uvtkm-bn, zohzohzohzohzoh) \ap°p c£ \¬Ip-I-bn-√, adn®v AXv c£-

bpsS ê-amWv (H.-t\m. hm. 16,19; 8:4; 13:13; 14:15; Fs^. 1:4; 2:8˛9,10; bmt°m. 2:14-˛26). CXv thtWm

th≠tbm, hnizm-ktam {]hrØntbm F∂ -tNm-Zya√, -a-dn®v ]n¥p-S-cp∂ Hcp {Ia-am-Wv.

{]tXyI ]T\-hn-jbw: hnip-≤o-I-c-Ww]m]n-Iƒ A\p-Xm-]-tØmSpw hnizm-k-tØmSpw tbip-hn-¶-te°p Xncn-bp-tºmƒ X¬£Ww Xs∂

Ah¿ \oXo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw hnip-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp∂p F∂mWv ]pXn-b-\n-baw {]Jym-]n-

°p-∂Xv. CXmWv {InkvXp-hn-ep≈ Ah-cpsS ]pXnb \ne. Ahs‚ \oXn Ah-cpsS ta¬ Npa-Ø-s∏-ń-cn-

°p-I-bmWv (tdm-a¿ 4). Ah¿ icn-bmb _‘-Øn-emsb∂pw hnip-≤-∑m-sc∂pw {]Jym-]n-°-s∏-Sp∂p

(ssZ-h-Øns‚ Hcp \oXo-I-cW {]hr-Øn).

F∂m¬ hnip-≤n-bnepw hnip-≤o-I-c-W-Øn-epw XpS-cp-hm\pw ]pXn-b-\n-b-aw hnizm-kn-Isf D’m-ln-

∏n-°p-∂p. CXv tbip-{InkvXphns‚ ]q¿Øn-bmb {]hrØnbnt∑-ep≈ Hcp ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-amb \nebpw

ssZ\w-Zn\ Pohn-X-Øn¬ {InkvXp-hn-s\-t∏m-se-bp≈ at\m- m-hhpw {]hr-Øn-bpw D≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈

Hcp Blzm-\hpam-Wv. c£ kuP-\y-Zm-\hpw hnesImSp-t°≠ Pohn-X-ssi-en-bp-ambncn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse

Xs∂-bmWv hnip-≤o-I-c-Whpw.

{]mY-anI {]Xn-I-cWw ]ptcm-K-a-t\m-flp-J-amb {InkvXp-kmZriyw

{]hr. 20:23; 26:18 tdma¿ 6:19

tdma¿ 15:16 2 sImcn-. 7:1

1 sImcn-. 1:2˛3; 6:11 Fs^-. 1:14; 2:10

2 sX -. 2:13 1 sX . 3:13; 4:3˛4,7; 5:23

F{_m-. 2:11; 10:10,14; 13:12 1 Xnsam. 2:15

1 ]s{Xm. 1:12 2 Xnsam. 2:21

F{_m. 12:14

1 ]s{Xm. 11:15-˛16

""]nXm-hns‚ aln-a-bm¬'' ""alXzw'' F∂-Xn\v 3:23 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWp-I. ""]nXmhv''

F∂-Xn\v 1:7 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWp-I.

""Pohns®gpt∂‰Xpt]mse'' Cu kμ¿`-Øn¬ ]p{Xs‚ hm°p-Iƒ°pw {]hr-Øn-Iƒ°p-ap≈ ]nXm-

hns‚ AwKo-Imcw c≠v henb kw`-h-ß-fn¬ \¬I-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p.

1. acn-®-h-cn¬\n-∂p-ap≈ tbip-hns‚ Dbn¿∏v

2. ]nXm-hns‚ he-Xp-`m-K-tØ-°p≈ tbip-hns‚ Btcm-lWw

{XnXz-Ønse aq∂v Bf-Xz-ßfpw tbip-hns\ acn-®-h-cn¬\n-∂pw -D-bn¿sØ-gp-t∂-ev]n-°p∂ ]≤-Xn-bn¬

]¶m-fn-I-fm-bn. hm. 9 sebpw 8:11 sebpw ]T-\-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ ImWp-I.

""Pohs‚ ]pXp°Øn¬'' CXv Af-hn-emWv A√msX ka-b-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\-Øn-e√ ""]pXn-b-Xv.''

ainlm sIm≠p-h-cp∂ kaqe ]cn-h¿Ø-\sØ°pdn®v CXp ]pXnb \b-a-Øn¬ hyXykvX \ne-I-fn¬

kwkm-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. CXv ]pXnb bpK-am-Wv, H.-t\m. sbi-ømhv 40-˛66.

1. ]pXnb DS-º-Sn, eqs°m. 22:20; 1 sImcn. 11:25; 2 sImcn. 3:6; F{_m. 8:8,13; 9:15

2. ]pXnb Iev]-\, tbml. 13:34; 1 tbml. 2:7,8; 2 tbml.- hm. 5

3. ]pXnb krjvSn, 2 sImcn. 5:17; Kem. 6:15

4. Pohs‚ ]pXp-°w, tdma. 6:4

5. Bflm-hns‚ ]pXp-°w, tdma. 7:6

6. ]pXnb a\p-jy-≥, Fs^. 2:15; 4:24

7. ]pXnb BIm-ihpw ]pXnb `qan-bpw, 2 ]s{Xm. 3:13; shfn. 21:1 (H.-t\m. sbi. 66:22)

8. ]pXnb \maw, shfn. 2:17; 3:12; 21:2

9. ]pXnb sbcq-i-tew, shfn. 3:12; 21:2

10. ]pXnb ]m´v, shfn. 5:9; 14:3 (H.-t\m. sbi. 42:10)

6:5 ""F¶n¬'' Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚ ho£-W-Øn¬ kXy-am-btXm As√-¶n¬ Ahs‚ cN-t\m-t±-iy-Øn\p

136

th≠n-bp-≈tXm Bb H∂mwXcw tkm]m-[nI hmN-I-am-WnXv. Xs‚ hmb-\-°m¿ hnizm-kn-I-fm-sW∂

k¶ev]-Øn-emWv ]usemkv Fgp-Xp-∂-Xv.

""\mw GIo`hn®hcmsb¶n¬'' CXv ""\mw Aht\mSv GIo`hn®p GIo`hn°s∏´psIm≠ncn°bpw''

Ft∂m ""IqsS \Ss∏´p, \Ss∏´psIm≠ncn°bpw'' Ft∂m A¿∞w hcp∂ ]q¿Æ I¿Øcn kqNIamWv.

Cu kXyw ssZhimkv{X]cambn tbml∂m≥ 15 t\mSv kam¥camWv. hnizmknIƒ tbiphns‚ acW-

tØmSv GIo`hn®hcmsb¶n¬ (H.t\m. Kem. 2:19˛20; sImsem. 2:20; 3:3˛5) ssZhimkv{X]cambn Ah¿

Ahs‚ ]p\cp∞m\ Poht\mSpw GIo`hn°pw (H.t\m. hm. 10).

kv\m\w acWsa∂ \nebnep≈ Cu kmZriyw kqNn∏n°m\pt±in°p∂Xv

1. \mw ]gb PohnXtØmSpw DSºSntbmSpw acn®ncn°p∂p

2. \mw Bflmhn\v ]pXnb DSºSn°v Pohn®ncn°p∂p F∂p ImWn°m\mWv.

AXpsIm≠v {InkvXob kv\m\w, Ahkm\ ]gb \nba {]hmNI\mbncp∂ tbml∂m≥ kv\m]Is‚

kv\m\Øn\p Xpeya√. kv\m\w F∂Xv ]pXnb hnizmknbpsS {InkvXob hnizmkw ]ckyambn {]Jym]n-

°phm≥ BZna k`bv°p e`n® Ahkcambncp∂p. kv\m\m¿∞n G‰p]d™ncp∂ BZna kv\m\ hnizmk

{]Jym]\w ""tbiphns\ I¿Ømsh∂p Rm≥ hnizkn°p∂p'' F∂Xmbncp∂p (H.t\m. tdma. 10:9˛13).

Cu ]cky {]Jym]\w apºv A\p`hØn¬ Bb ImcysØ Hu]NmcnI, NSßv B°n am‰p∂ {Inbbmbn-

cp∂p. kv\m\w F∂Xv ]m]£abvt°m, c£bvt°m As√¶n¬ ]cnip≤mflmhns‚ hchnt\m th≠nbp≈

bm{¥nI {]hrØnb√, adn®v AhcpsS ]cky G‰p]d®nen\pw {]Jym]\Øn\pap≈ Ahkcw Bbncp∂p

(H.t\m. {]hr. 2:38). F∂ncp∂mepw AXv Bhiysa¶n¬ aXn F∂ \nebne√mbncp∂p. tbip AXv

Iev]n°pIbpw (H.t\m. aØm. 28:19˛20), amXrI ImWn°pIbpw (H.t\m. aØm. 3; a¿s°m. 1; eqs°m. 3)

AXv As∏mkvXenI {]kwKØns‚bpw \S]SnIfpsSbpw `mKamIpIbpw sNbvXncp∂p.

6:6

NASB ""\ΩpsS ]gb kzXzw Aht\mSp IqsS {Iqin°s∏´p F∂p \mw Adnbp∂p''

NKJV ""\ΩpsS ]gb a\pjy≥ Aht\mSp IqsS {Iqin°s∏´p F∂p \mw Adnbp∂p''

NRSV ""\ΩpsS ]gb kzXzw Aht\mSp IqsS {Iqin°s∏´p F∂p \mw Adnbp∂p''

TEV ""\mw CXv Adnbp∂p: \ΩpsS ]gb a\pjys\ {InkvXphnt\mSpIqsS Ahs‚ {Iqin¬

acWØnt\ev]n®p''

NJB ""\ΩpsS ]gb kzXzßsf Aht\mSp IqsS {Iqin®p F∂p \mw a\ nem°Ww''

""\ΩpsS ]gb a\pjy≥ Hcn°¬ Ft∂°pambn Bflmhn\m¬ {Iqin°s∏´p'' F∂¿∞w hcp∂

`qXIme I¿ΩWn kqNIamWnXv. I¿ΩWn {]tbmKw Hcp ssZhnI a≤yh¿Ønsb Bhiys∏Sp∂p.

Cu kXyw hnPbIcamb {InkvXob PohnXØn¬ \n¿ÆmbIamWv. hnizmknIƒ ]m]tØmSp≈ AhcpsS

]pXnb _‘sØ°pdn®v \∂mbn a\ nem°nbncn°Ww (H.t\m. Kem. 2:20; 6:14). a\pjyh¿§Øns‚

hogvN kw`hn® ]gb {]IrXn (BZmay {]IrXn) {InkvXphnt\mSpIqSn acn®p (H.t\m. hm. 7; Fs^. 4:22;

sImsem. 3:9). hnizmknIƒ F∂ \nebn¬ \ap°n∂v BZnbn¬ BZman\p≠mbncp∂ sXcs™Sp∏n\p≈

AhImiw D≠v.

NASB, NKJV ""]m]icocØn∂p \o°w htc≠Xn∂p''

NRSV ""]m]icocw \in∏n°s∏tS≠Xn∂p''

TEV ""]m]icocØns‚ i‡n C√mXmtI≠Xn\v''

NJB ""]m]icocsØ \in∏nt°≠Xn\v''

""icocw'' (tkmam˛somasomasomasomasoma) F∂ ]Zw ]usemkv At\I kw_‘nIm hn`‡ntbmsSm∏w D]tbmKn-

°p∂p≠v.

1. ]m] icocw, tdma. 6:6

2. Cu acWØn\[o\amb icocw, tdma. 7:24

3. PUicocw, sImsem. 2:11

Cu ]m]Øns‚bpw a’cØns‚bpw ImeL´Ønse ùXnI PohnXsØ°pdn®mWv ]usemkv

]dbp∂Xv. tbiphns‚ ]pXnb ]p\cp∞m\ icocamWv \oXnbpsS ]pXnb bpKØnse icocw (H.t\m. 2

sImcn. 5:17). ùXnI icoca√ {]iv\w ({Ko°v XXzNn¥) adn®v ]m]hpw a’chpamWv. icocw Xn∑b√.

\nXyXbnse uXnI icocw D≈Xmbn {InkvXym\nXzw Du∂n∏dbp∂p (H.t\m. 1 sImcn. 15). F∂ncp∂mepw,

ùXnI icocw ]co£, ]m]w, kzbw F\nhbpsS bp≤°famWv.

CXv `qXIme I¿ΩWn A\p_‘amWv. ""\o°w hcnI'' F∂ {]tbmKw ""{]h¿Ø\£aw A√mXm-

°n,'' ""i‡nbn√mXm°n,'' As√¶n¬ ""{]Xyev]mZ\ £aa√mXm°n'' F∂mWv. A√msX ""\in∏n®p''

F∂v A√. 25 {]mhiyw D]tbmKn®ncn°p∂ Cu ]Zw ]usemkns‚ CjvS {]tbmKamWv. 3:3 se {]tXyI

]T\hnjbw: \o°w hcn-I, Akm-[p-hm-IpI (I-‰m¿sK-H) ImWpI. \ΩpsS uXnI icocw km∑m¿§nIambn

137

\njv]£amWv, F¶nepw AXv XpS¿∂pt]mIp∂ BflnI bp≤Øns‚ bp≤`qanbmWv (H.t\m. hm. 12˛13;

5:12˛21; 12:1˛2).

6:7 ""acn®h≥ ]m]Øn¬\n∂p tamN\w {]m]n®ncn°p∂p'' CsXmcp qXIme I¿Øcn A]q¿Æ{Inbbpw

]q¿Æ I¿ΩWn kqNIhpamWv. A¿∞w, ""acn®h≥ ]m]Øn¬\n∂pw tamN\w {]m]n®p, {]m]n®psIm-

t≠bncn°p∂p'' F∂mWv. hnizmknIƒ {InkvXphn¬ ]pXnb krjvSnIƒ Bbncn°p∂Xn\m¬ Ah¿

]m]Øns‚ ASnaØØn¬\n∂pw- hogvNbneqsS BZman\p e`n® {]IrXØns‚ kzm[o\Øn¬ \n∂pw

tamN\w {]m]n®p, {]m]n®psImt≠bncn°p∂p (H.t\m. 7:1˛6).

ChnsS ""tamN\w {]m]n®p'' F∂p X¿÷a sNbvXncn°p∂ {Ko°p ]Zw, {]mcw` A[ymbßfn¬

F√mbnSØpw ""\oXoIcn°s∏´p'' (KJV) F∂mWv X¿÷a sNbvXncn°p∂Xv. Cu kμ¿`Øn¬ ""tamN\w

{]m]n®p'' (NKJV, NRSV) F∂Xv IqSpX¬ A¿∞hØmWv ({]hr. 13:39 se AXns‚ D]tbmKØn\p

Xpeyambn). Hm¿°pI, \nL≠pthm, ÿncs∏SpØs∏´ kmt¶XnI \n¿hN\ßtfm A√ kμ¿àmWv

A¿∞w \n›bn°p∂Xv. hm°pIƒ°v hmNIßtfmSp≈ _‘Øn¬ am{Xta A¿∞ap≈p, AXpt]mse

hmNIßƒ°v JWvUnItbmSp≈ _‘Ønepw.

tdma¿ 6:8˛118\mw {InkvXphnt\mSpIqsS acn®p F¶n¬ Aht\mSp IqsS Pohn°pw F∂p hnizkn°p∂p.

9{InkvXp acn®n´p Dbn¿sØgpt∂‰ncn°bm¬ C\n acn°bn√; acWØn∂p Ahs‚ ta¬ C\n

I¿ØrXzan√ F∂p \mw Adnbp∂pht√m. 10Ah≥ acn®Xp ]m]kw_‘ambn Hcn°embn´p

acn®p; Ah≥ Pohn°p∂tXm ssZhØn∂p Pohn°p∂p. 11AΔÆw \nßfpw ]m]kw_‘ambn

acn®h¿ F∂pw {InkvXptbiphn¬ ssZhØn∂p Pohn°p∂h¿ F∂pw \nßsfØt∂ FÆphn≥.

6:8 ""F¶n¬'' Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚ ho£-W-Øn¬ kXy-am-btXm As√-¶n¬ Ahs‚ cN-t\m-t±-iy-Øn\p

th≠n-bp-≈tXm Bb H∂mwXcw tkm]m-[nI hmN-I-am-WnXv. hnizmknIfpsS kv\m\w Hcphs‚ {InkvXp-

hnt\msSmØp≈ acWsØ Nn{XoIcn°p∂p.

""acn®n´p Dbn¿sØgpt∂‰ncn°bm¬'' CXv `qXIme I¿ΩWn A]q¿Æ{InbbmWv (6:4 ImWpI,

`qXIme I¿ΩWn kqNIw).

{XnXzØnse aq∂v BfXzßfpw tbiphns‚ Dbn¿sØgpt∂ev]n¬ {]h¿Øn®ncp∂Xmbn ]pXnb

\nbaw ÿncoIcn°p∂p.

1. Bflmhv (H.t\m. tdma. 8:11)

2. ]p{X≥ (H.t\m. tbml. 2:19˛22; 10:17˛18)

3. ]nXmhv (H.t\m. {]hr. 2:24,32; 3:15,26; 4:10; 5:30; 10:40; 13:30,33,34,37; 17:31; tdma. 6:4,9).

]nXmhns‚ {]hrØnIƒ, Ah≥ tbiphns‚ PohnXw, acWw, D]tZißƒ F∂nhsb AwKoIcn®p

F∂Xns‚ sXfnhmWv. CXv As∏mkvXe∑mcpsS {]mcw` ]Tn∏n°epIfnse Hcp apJy hnjbambncp∂p.

1:2 se {]tXyI]T\hnjbw: sIdn‹m ImWpI.

""Aht\mSp IqsS Pohn°pw'' kμ¿`w Bhiys∏Sp∂Xv ""ChnsS Ct∏mƒ'' F∂mWv (H.t\m. 1 tbml.

1:7), A√msX `mhnbne√. hm. 5 \ΩpsS {InkvXphns‚ acWØnse ]¶mfnØsØ kqNn∏n°p∂p, hm. 8

Ahs‚ PohnXØns‚ ]¶mfnØsØbpw kqNn∏n°p∂p. ssZhcmPysØ kw_‘n®v thZ]pkvXI

BibØn¬ ImWp∂ AtX kwL¿jamWnXv. AXv Ct∏mƒ ChnsS, AtXmsSm∏w `mhnIme kw_-

‘nbp-amWv. kuP\y Ir] kzb˛\nb{¥Ww Dfhm°Ww, A√msX ssek≥k√.

NASB, ""acWw C\nta¬ Ahs‚ I¿Ømh√''

NKJV, NRSV ""acWØn∂p Ahs‚ ta¬ C\n I¿ØrXzan√''

TEV ""acWw C\nta¬ Ahs‚ta¬ `cWw \SØpIbn√''

NJB ""acWØn∂p Ahs‚ ta¬ Hcp A[nImchpan√''

IqdnsbbpHm (kurieuwkurieuwkurieuwkurieuwkurieuw) F∂ ]Zw Iqdntbmkv (I¿Ømhv) F∂ ]ZØn¬\n∂pw h∂XmWv.

AXn\¿∞w ""bPam\≥,'' ""DSaÿ≥,'' ""`¿Ømhv'' As√¶n¬ ""I¿Ømhv'' F∂mWv. tbip Ct∏mƒ

acWØns‚ta¬ I¿ØmhmWv (H.t\m. shfn. 1:18). tbip ]p\cp∞m\Øn¬ BZyêamWv. Nne BfpIƒ

1. Poht\msS kz¿§Ønte°v FSp°s∏´p (AXm. lmt\m°v, Geobmhv)

2. ùXnI PohnXØnte°p XncnsI h∂p (AXm. ]p\¿÷ohn∏n°s∏´p)

]pXnb bpK icoctØmsS Dbn¿sØgpt∂‰Xv tbip am{XamWv. BZyambn acWØns‚ i‡nsb

XI¿ØXv tbip am{XamWv (H.t\m. 1 sImcn¥y¿ 15)!

6:10 ""Ah≥ acn®Xp ]m]kw_‘ambn Hcn°embn´p acn®p'' tbip ]m]temIØn¬ Pohn®p, Ah≥

138

Hcn°epw ]m]w sNbvXn√ F¶nepw ]m]temIw Ahs\ {Iqin®p (H.t\m. F{_m. 10:10). a\pjyh¿§-

Øn\pth≠nbp≈ tbiphns‚ ]m]]cnlmc acWw, \ymb{]amWØns‚ Bhiyßsfbpw AhcpsS

taep≈ ]cnWnX ^eßsfbpw Akm[phm°n (H.t\m. Kem. 3:13; sImsem. 2:13˛14).

""Hcn°embn´p'' Cu kμ¿`Øn¬ ]usemkv tbiphns‚ {IqioIcWsØbmWv kqNn∏n°p∂Xv.

]m]Øn\pth≠n Ahs‚ Hcn°embp≈ acWw Ahs‚ A\pbmbnIfpsS ]m]tØmSp≈ acWsØ

kzm[o\n®p.

F{_mbteJ\w tbiphns‚ Hcn°embp≈ BXy¥nI ]m]]cnlmc acWsØ Du∂n∏dbp∂p.

Cu Hcn°¬ \nh¿Øn® c£bpw ]m]tamN\hpw Fs∂t∂bv°pambn ]q¿ØoIcn®ncn°p∂p (H.t\m.

""Hcn°¬'' [efapaxefapaxefapaxefapaxefapax], 7:27; 9:12; 10:10, ""Hcn°embn'' [a,paxa,paxa,paxa,paxa,pax], 6:4; 9:7,26,27,28; 10:2; 12:26,27). CXv

Bh¿Øn®phcp∂ ]q¿ØoIcn°s∏´, bmKØns‚ ÿncoIcWamWv.

""Ah≥ Pohn°p∂tXm ssZhØn∂p Pohn°p∂p'' hm. 10a bnse c≠v `qXImew hm. 10b bnse c≠v

h¿Øam\Ime I¿Øcn kqNIßƒ°v hncp≤ambXmWv. hnizmkIƒ {InkvXphnt\mSpIqsS acn®p;

hnizmknIƒ {InkvXphneqsS ssZhØn\pth≠n Pohn°p∂p (H.t\m. Kem. 2:19˛20). kphntijØns‚

e£yw ]m]£a (\oXoIcWw) am{Xa√, ssZhnI ip{iqjbpw (hnip≤oIcWw) IqSnbmWv. hnizmknIƒ

tkhn°phm≥ c£n°s∏´hcmWv!

6:11 ""]m]kw_‘ambn acn®h¿ F∂pw ... \nßsfØt∂ FÆphn≥'' CsXmcp h¿Øam\Ime a[y

(Unt∏mW‚ v) hn[ncq]amWv. CXv hnizmknIƒ°p≈ XpScp∂Xpw ioeambXpamb Iev]\bmWv.

Xßƒ°pth≠nbp≈ {InkvXphns‚ {]hrØnsb°pdn®p≈ hnizmknbpsS ⁄m\w ssZ\wZn\

PohnXØn¬ \n¿ÆmbIamWv. ""FÆpI'' F∂ ]Zw (H.t\m. 4:4,9) ""{i≤m]q¿Δw Iq´pI'' bpw

AXn\\pkcn®v {]h¿Øn°pIbpw sNøpI F∂ A¿∞w hcp∂ A°u≠nwKv ]ZamWv. hm. 1˛11 Hcphs‚

{InkvXphnep≈ ÿm\sØ AwKoIcn°ptºmƒ (ÿm\ob hnip≤oIcWw), hm. 12˛13 Ah\nep≈

\S∏ns\ Du∂n∏dbp∂p (]ptcmKa\ hnip≤oIcWw). hm. 4 se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw ImWpI.

NASB, NRSV,TEV, NJB ""{InkvXptbip''

NKJV ""\ΩpsS I¿Ømhmb {InkvXptbip''

lrkzamb {]tbmKw IsøgpØp {]XnIƒ P46, A, B, D, F, G F∂nhbn¬ ImWmw. CXn\v UBS4

“A”td‰nwKv (Dd-∏p-≈-Xv) \¬Ip∂p. Zo¿Lamb {]tbmKw Ipsd°qSn {]mNo\amWv (IsøgpØp {]XnIƒ

P94, a, C) AsXmcp ]t£ hm. 23 ¬ \n∂pw ]I¿s∏gpØpImc≥ tN¿ØXmImw. an° ]mT hyXnbm\ßƒ

t]mse, CXpw ]mT`mKØnt∑¬ Imcyamb am‰w hcpØp∂n√.

tdma¿ 6:12˛1412BIbm¬ ]m]w \nßfpsS a¿XyicocØn¬ AXns‚ tamlßsf A\pkcn°pamdp C\n

hmgcpXp, 13\nßfpsS Ahbhßsf A\oXnbpsS Bbp[ßfmbn ]m]Øn∂p ka¿∏n°bpw

AcpXp. \nßsfØt∂ acn®n´p Pohn°p∂hcmbpw \nßfpsS Ahbhßsf \oXnbpsS Bbp[-

ßfmbpw ssZhØn∂p ka¿∏n®psImƒhn≥. 14\nßƒ \ymb{]amWØn∂√, Irs]°t{X A[o\-

cmIbm¬ ]m]w \nßfn¬ I¿ØrXzw \SØpIbn√t√m.

6:12 ""BIbm¬ ]m]w \nßfpsS a¿XyicocØn¬ ... C\n hmgcpXp'' CXv \ntj[mflI LSIw

tN¿∂ h¿Øam\Ime I¿Øcn hn[ncq]amWv. \S∂psIm≠ncn°p∂ Hcp {]{Inb Ahkm\n∏n°pI

F∂mWnXn\¿∞w. ""hmgpI'' F∂ ]Zw 5:17˛21; 6:23 t\mSp _‘s∏´XmWv. At\I ssZhimkv{X

Bibßsf ]usemkv BfØ]cam°nbn´p≠v.

1. acWw cmPmhmbn hmgp∂p (H.t\m. 5:14,17; 6:23)

2. Ir] cmPmhmbn hmgp∂p (H.t\m. 5:21)

3. ]m]w cmPmhmbn hmgp∂p (H.t\m. 6:12,14)

\nßfpsS PohnXØn¬ BcmWv hmgp∂sX∂p≈XmWv bYm¿∞ tNmZyw. hnizmkn°v Xncs™Sp°phm-

\p≈ A[nImcw {InkvXphneqsS e`yambncn°p∂p. hy‡nIsfbpw {]mtZinI k`sbbpw ssZhcmPy-

sØbpw kw_‘n®p≈ Zpc¥w F∂p ]dbp∂Xv, hnizmknIƒ Ir] AhImis∏Sptºmƒ Xs∂ kzb-

sØbpw ]m]sØbpw Xncs™Sp°p∂p F∂XmWv!

5:17 se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw: ssZhcmPyØn¬ hmgpI, ImWpI.

6:13 ""\nßfpsS Ahbhßsf A\oXnbpsS Bbp[ßfmbn ]m]Øn∂p ka¿∏n°bpw AcpXp''

CXv \ntj[mflI LSIw tN¿∂ h¿Øam\Ime I¿Øcn hn[ncq]amWv. \S∂psIm≠ncn°p∂ Hcp

139

{]{Inb Ahkm\n∏n°pI F∂mWnXn\¿∞w. hnizmknIfpsS PohnXØn¬ ]m]Øn¬ XpScphm\p≈

Ignhns\ CXp Nq≠n°mWn°p∂p (H.t\m. 7:1 apX¬; 1 tbml. 1:8˛2:1). F∂m¬ ]m]Øns‚ A\nhmcyX

{InkvXphpambp≈ ]pXnb _‘ØneqsS hnizmknbn¬ \n∂pw \o°nbncn°p∂p, hm. 1˛11.

""Bbp[ßfmbn'' Cu ]Zw (o,plono,plono,plono,plono,plon) kqNn∏n°p∂Xv ""Hcp ]SbmfnbpsS Bbp[w'' (H.t\m. 13:12;

tbml. 18:3; 2 sImcn. 6:7; 10:4). \ΩpsS `uXnI icocw ]co£bpsS bp≤`qanbmWv (H.t\m. hm. 12˛13;12:1˛2;

1 sImcn. 6:20; ^nen. 1:20). \ΩpsS PohnXßƒ kphntijsØ ]ckyambn shfns∏SpØp∂p.

""ssZhØn∂p ka¿∏n®psImƒhn≥'' a\∏q¿Δamb {]hrØn°v Blzm\w sNøp∂ qXIme I¿Øcn

hn[ncq]amWnXv (H.t\m. 12:1). hnizmknIƒ CXv hnizmkØmep≈ c£bn¬ sNøp∂XmWv F¶nepw

Ah¿ XßfpsS PohnXImew apgph\pw CXp sNtø≠XmWv.

Cu hmIyØnse kam¥cXzw {i≤n°pI.

1. Htc {Inb, c≠pw hn[ncq]ßƒ

2. bp≤ kmZriyßƒ

a. A\oXnbpsS Bbp[ßƒ

b. \oXnbpsS Bbp[ßƒ

3. hnizmknIƒ°v XßfpsS icocßsf ]m]Ønt\m As√¶n¬ XßsfØt∂ ssZhØnt\m ka¿∏n-

°m≥ Ignbpw.

Hm¿°pI, Cu hmIyw hnizmknItfmSp≈XmWv ˛ Xncs™Sp∏v XpScpIbmWv; bp≤w XpScpIbmWv

(H.t\m. 6:12,19; 1 sImcn. 6:18˛19; Fs^. 6:10˛18)!

6:14 ""]m]w \nßfn¬ I¿ØrXzw \SØpIbn√t√m'' CXv hn[ncq]ambn {]h¿Øn°p∂ `mhnIme

I¿Øcn kqNIamWv (H.t\m. k¶o. 19:13). ""]m]w \nßfn¬ I¿ØrXzw \SØpIbn√.'' ]m]w hnizmknbpsS-

ta¬ bPam\\√, ImcWw AXv tbiphns‚ ta¬ bPam\\√ (H.t\m. hm. 9; tbml. 16:33).

tdma¿ 6:15˛1915F∂m¬ F¥p? \ymb{]amWØn∂√ Irs]°t{X A[o\cmIbm¬ \mw ]m]w sNbvI

Ft∂m? Hcp\mfpw AcpXp. 16\nßƒ Zmk∑mcmbn A\pkcn∏m≥ \nßsfØt∂ ka¿∏n°bpw

\nßƒ A\pkcn®pt]mcnIbpw sNøp∂h∂p Zmk∑m¿ BIp∂p F∂p Adnbp∂n√tbm? H∂p-

In¬ acWØn∂mbn ]m]Øns‚ Zmk∑m¿, As√¶n¬ \oXn°mbn A\pkcWØns‚ Zmk∑m¿

Xt∂. 17F∂m¬ \nßƒ ]m]Øns‚ Zmk∑m¿ Bbncp∂psh¶nepw \nßsf ]Tn∏n® D]tZi-

cq]sØ lrZb]q¿Δw A\pkcn®p 18]m]Øn¬\n∂p kzmX{¥yw e`n®p \oXn°p Zmk∑mcmbn-

Øo¿∂XpsIm≠p ssZhØn∂p kvtXm{Xw. 19\nßfpsS PUØns‚ _elo\X\nanØw Rm≥

am\pjcoXnbn¬ ]dbp∂p. \nßfpsS Ahbhßsf A[¿ΩØn∂mbn Aip≤n°pw A[¿ΩØn-

∂pw ASnaIfm°n ka¿∏n®Xpt]mse Ct∏mƒ \nßfpsS Ahbhßsf hnip≤oIcWØn∂mbn

\oXn°p ASnaIfm°n ka¿∏n∏n≥.

6:15 Cu c≠masØ A\pam\ tNmZyw (Ubmss{S_v) 6:1 \p XpeyamWv. c≠pw {InkvXphn\p ]m]tØmSp≈

_‘sØ°pdn®p≈ hyXykvX tNmZyßƒ°v DØcw \evIp∂p. hm. 1, Ir] ]m]Øn\p≈ A\phmZambn

D]tbmKn°cpXv F∂ hnjbsØ {]Xn]mZn°ptºmƒ, hm. 15 ]m]Øns‚ hy‡n]camb {]hrØntbmSv

hnizmkn t]mcmSpItbm FXn¿Øp\nev°pItbm sNøp∂Xns\ {]Xn]mZn°p∂p. AtXkabw hnizmkn

apºv ]m]sØ tkhn® AtX D’mltØmsS ssZhsØ tkhnt°≠XmWv (H.t\m. 6:14).

NASBNKJV, TEV ""\mw ]m]w sNbvI Ft∂m''

NRSV ""\mw ]m]w sNøWtam''

NJB ""\mw ]m]w sNøm≥ kzmX{¥yap≈hsct∂m''

hneywkns‚bpw ^nen]vkns‚bpw ]cn`mjIƒ Cu `qXIme I¿Øcn A\p_‘sØ hm. 1 set∏m-

se h¿Øam\Ime I¿Øcn A\p_‘ambn ]cn`mjs∏SpØp∂p. CXp icnbmb {i≤bq∂e√. ]Icw

]cn`mjIƒ ImWpI.

1. KJV, ASV, NIV - ""\mw ]m]w sNøWtam?''

2. Z sk‚n\dn {Sm≥kvtej≥ ˛ ""\mw Hcp ]m]{]hrØn sNøWtam?''

3. RSV - ""\mw ]m]w sNøm\p≈htcm?''

Cu tNmZyw {Ko°n¬ i‡hpw ""AtX'' F∂ DØcw {]Xo£n°p∂XpamWv. CXv kXyw hn\nabw

140

sNøp∂Xn\v ]usemkv D]tbmKn°p∂ Ubmss{S_v coXnbmWv. Cu hmIyw sX‰mb ssZhimkv{XsØ

shfns∏SpØp∂p. ]usemkv CXn\v Xs‚ {]tXyIamb ""Hcp\mfpw AcpXv'' F∂ ssienbneqsS DØcw

]dbp∂p. ]usemkv {]kwKn°p∂ ssZhØns‚ kuP\y Ir]bpsS kphntijw, At\I Zpcp]tZjvSm-

°ƒ sX‰n≤cn°pIbpw Zpcp]tbmKs∏SpØpIbpw sNbvXp.

6:16 Cu tNmZyw ""AtX'' F∂ DØcw {]Xo-£n-°p-∂p. a\p-jy¿ H∂ns\ As√-¶n¬ Hcp-hs\ tkhn°p-

∂p. BcmWv \nß-fpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬ hmgp-∂-Xv, ]m]tam ssZhtam? a\p-jy¿ Bsc A\p-k-cn-°p∂p

F∂Xv Bsc tkhn-°p∂p F∂p shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p (H.-t\m. Kem. 6:7˛8).

6:17 ""\nßsf ]Tn∏n® D]tZicq]sØ lrZb]q¿Δw A\pkcn®p'' Cu kμ¿`-Øn¬ CXp kqNn-∏n-

°p-∂Xv hnizmkw aqew Ir]-bm-ep≈ c£sbbmWv. AXv ssZ\w-Zn\ {InkvXp-km-Zr-iy-Øn-te°p \bn-°-

Ww.

""D]-tZ-i-cq]w'' F∂ ]Zw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv As∏m-kvX-enI D]-tZ-i-sØtbm kphn-ti-j-sØtbm BWv.

""Bbncp∂psh¶nepw .... BbnØo¿∂XpsIm≠p'' CXv ""BIpI'' F∂ {Inb-bpsS A]q¿Æ-Im-e-

am-Wv. AXv Ah-cpsS `qX-Ime Ah-ÿ-sbbpw (]m-]-Øns‚ Zmk-∑m¿) XpS¿∂v Ah-cpsS a’c Ahÿ

Ah-km-\n-®-Xns\bpw kqNn-∏n-°p∂ `qX-Ime {Inb-bm-Wv.

NASB ""\nßsf `c-ta-ev]n® D]tZicq]sØ''

NKJV ""\nßƒ°p ssIam-dnb D]tZicq]sØ''

NRSV, NIV ""\nßsf `c-ta-ev]n® D]tZicq]sØ''

TEV ""\nßƒ kzoI-cn® D]-tZ-i-Øn¬ Is≠-Ønb kXyw''

NJB ""\nßƒ°p ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Ønb D]-tZ-i-am-XrI''

Cu Nn¥ 1 sImcn. 15:1 \p kam-¥-chpw Cu hnizm-kn-Iƒ tIƒ°p-Ibpw kzoI-cn°pIbpw sNbvX

kphn-tij kXy-ßsf kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xpw BIp-∂p. kphn-tijw F∂Xv

1. kzmKXw sNtø≠ Hcp hy‡n

2. hniz-kn-t°≠ Hcp hy‡nsb kw_-‘n® kXyw

3. B hy‡n-bp-tS-Xp-t]mse Pohn-t°≠ Hcp PohnXw!

""ssZh-Øn\p kvtXm{Xw'' ]usemkv ]e-t∏mgpw ssZh-kvXp-Xn-bn-te°v hgpXnt∏m-Im-dp-≠v. Ahs‚

Fgp-Øp-Iƒ Ahs‚ {]m¿∞-\-bn¬\n∂pw Hgp-Ip-Ibpw Ahs‚ {]m¿∞\ Ahs‚ kphn-tij ⁄m\-

Øn¬\n∂pw Hgp-Ip-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. 7:25 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ ]usem-kns‚ {]m¿∞-

\, kvXpXn, \μn-I-tc-‰¬ ImWp-I.

""cq]w'' Xmsg-s°m-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-∂ -{]-tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWp-I.

{]tXyI ]T\hnjbw: ap{Z (tupojtupojtupojtupojtupoj)sshhn[yßfmb D]tbmKßfp≈ tupojtupojtupojtupojtupoj F∂ ]ZamWv ChnSpsØ {]iv\w.

1. tamƒ´¨, an√nK¨; Z shm°m_pedn Hm^v Z {Ko°v \yq sSÃsa‚ v, t]Pv. 645

a. amXrI

b. ]≤Xn

c. FgpØns‚ coXn As√¶n¬ cq]w

d. Xo¿∏v As√¶n¬ tcJ

e. hmNIw As√¶n¬ Xocpam\w

f. kuJyam°p∂ ssZhØn\p≈ \nthZyambn sImSp°p∂ a\pjyicocØns‚ amXrI

g. \nbaØns‚ {]amWßƒ \S∏nem°pI F∂ A¿∞Øn¬ D]tbmKn®n´p≈ {Inb

2. eqhv, \nU, {Ko°v ˛ Cw•ojv seIvkn°¨ hmeyw 2, t]Pv 249

a. BWn∏gpXv (H.t\m. tbml. 20:29)

b. kzcq]w (H.t\m. As∏m. 7:43)

c. amXrI (H.t\m. F{_m. 8:5)

d. A\pIcn°pI (H.t\m. 1 sImcn. 10:6; ^nen. 3:17).

e. {]Xncq]w (H.t\m. tdma. 5:14)

f. hn[Øn¬ (H.t\m. 23:25)

g. Xmsg ]d-bp∂ (D-≈-S-°w) (H.t\m. 23:25)

3. ltcmƒUv sI. tamƒ´¨, Z A\e‰n¬ {Ko°v seIvkn°¨ dnsshkvUv, t]Pv 411

a. Hcp A®v, Hcp ap{Z, Hcp ASbmfw (H.t\m. tbml. 20:25)

141

b. BteJyw

c. Hcp kzcq]w (H.t\m. As∏m. 7:43)

d. Hcp D]tZi cq]w, hyhÿ (H.t\m. tdma. 6:17)

e. Hcp hn[w, s]mcpƒ (H.t\m. As∏m. 23:25)

g. Hcp cq]w Hcp {]Xncq]w (H.t\m. tdma. 5:14; 1 sImcn. 10:11).

h. Hcp A\pIcWob amXrI (H.t\m. As∏m. 7:44; F{_m. 8:5)

i. Hcp [m¿ΩnI amXrI (H.t\m. ^nen. 3:17; 1 sX . 1:7; 2 sX . 3:9; 1 Xnsam. 4:12; 1 ]s{Xm.

5:3).

Cu ]›mØeØn¬ apIfnesØ #1 A\ptbmPysa∂v tXm∂p∂p. kphntijØn¬ {]amWhpw

PohnXssieo hnh£Ifpw D≠v. {InkvXphnep≈ kuP\y c£mZm\w {InkvXym\pcq]amb Hcp

PohnXhpw Bhiys∏Sp∂p.

6:18 ""]m]Øn¬\n∂p kzmX{¥yw e`n®p'' CXv `qX-Ime I¿ΩWn A]q¿Æ-{In-b-bm-Wv. kphntijw

hnizm-kn-Isf {InkvXp-hns‚ {]hr-Øn-bn-eqsS ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ klm-b-Øm¬ hnSp-hn®p. hnizm-kn-

Iƒ ]m]-Øns‚ in£-bn¬\n∂pw (\o-Xo-I-c-Ww) ]m]-Øns‚ `oI-c-hm-gvN-bn¬\n∂pw (hn-ip-≤o-I-c-Ww,

H.-t\m. hm. 7, 22) hnSp-hn-°-s∏-´p. Hcp Znhkw Ah¿ ]m]-Øns‚ km∂n-≤y-Øn¬ \n∂pw hnSp-hn-°-s∏Spw

(a-l-Xzo-I-c-Ww, H.-t\m. 8:29-˛30).

""\oXn°p Zmk∑mcmbnØo¿∂XpsIm≠p'' CXv `qX-Ime I¿ΩWn kqN-I-amb ""\nßƒ \oXn°v

ASn-a-I-fm-bn-Øo¿∂p'' F∂mWv. 1:17 se {]-tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWp-I. hnizm-kn-Iƒ ssZhsØ tkhn-

°p-∂-Xn-\mbn ]m]-Øn¬\n∂pw kzX{¥-cm-bn (H.-t\m. hm. 14,19,22; 7:4; 8:2)! kuP\y c£-bpsS e£yw

`‡n-\n¿`c Pohn-X-am-Wv. \oXo-I-cWw Hcp \nb-a-]-c-amb {]Jym-]-\hpw hy‡n-]-c-amb \oXn-bpsS IW°n-

S-ep-am-Wv. \mw a‰p-≈-h-scbpw t\Sp-∂-Xn-\mbn \sΩ c£n-°p-hm\pw cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm\pw ssZhw B{K-

ln-°p-∂p. hy‡n-I-fmb hnizm-kn-I-fpsS c£-sIm≠v ssZhw Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p-∂n√ (H.-t\m. aØm. 28:18-

˛20; eqs°m. 24:47; {]hr. 1:8).

6:18 ""\nß-fpsS PU-Øns‚ _lo-\X \nanØw Rm≥ am\p-j-co-Xn-bn¬ ]d-bp-∂p'' tdmanse hnizm-kn-

I-sf-bmWv ]usemkv A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNøp-∂-Xv. Xm≥ tI´ Hcp {]mtZ-inI {]iv\sØ Ah≥ ssIImcyw

sNøp-I-bmtWm (sb-lqZ hnizm-k-Iƒ°pw PmXob hnizm-kn-Iƒ°pw CS-bn-ep≈ Akq-b) AtXm kIe

hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw _m[n-°p∂ Hcp kXyw ]dbpI-bmtWm? ]usemkv CtX {]tbmKw Kem. 3:15 set∏mse

Bcw-`-Øn¬ tdma. 3:5 epw ]d-bp-∂p-≠v.

hm. 19, hm. 16 \p kam-¥-c-am-Wv. ]usemkv Du∂-en-\p-th≠n Xs‚ ssZh-imkv{X hmZ-apJw Bh¿Øn-

°p-∂p.

Nne¿ ]d-bp-∂Xv Cu {]tbm-K-Øn-\¿∞w Hcp ASna kmZriyw D]-tbm-Kn-®-Xn\v ]usemkv £am-

]Ww \S-Øp-I-bm-sW-∂m-Wv. F¶nepw ""PU-Øns‚ _e-lo-\X \nanØw'' F∂ {]tbmKw Cu hyJym-

\-Øn\p tbmPn-°p-∂-X-√.- H∂mw \q‰m-≠nse kaq-l-Øn¬, {]tXy-In®pw tdman¬ ASn-aXzw Hcp Xn∑-

bmbn IW-°m-°n-bn-cp-∂n-√. AXv A∂sØ kwkvIm-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. tdmam km{am-Py-Ønse aq∂n¬ c≠p-

`mKw P\-ßfpw ASn-a-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p.

""PUw'' 1:3 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWp-I.

""hnip≤oIcWØn∂mbn'' CXmWv \oXo-I-c-W-Øns‚ e£yw (H.-t\m. hm. 22). ]pXnb \nbaw Cu

]Zw c£-tbmSp _‘-s∏´ c≠v ssZh-im-kv{X A¿∞-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

1. ÿm\ob hnip-≤o-I-c-Ww, AXp {InkvXp-hn-ep≈ hnizm-k-Øm¬ e`n-°p∂ \oXo-I-c-W-tØm-sSm∏w

c£-bpsS ka-bØp e`n-°p∂ ssZh-Øns‚ Zm\-amWv (e-£ym[n-jvTnXw, H.-t\m. {]hr. 26:28; 1

sImcn. 1:2; 6:11; Fs^. 5:26-˛27; 1 sX . 5:23; 2 sX . 2:13; F{_m. 10:10; 13:12; 1 ]s{Xm. 1:2)

2. ]ptcm-K-a\ hnip-≤o-I-c-Ww, AXpw hnizm-kn-bpsS PohnXw {InkvXp-hns‚ kzcq-]Ønte°pw ]Iz-

X-bn-te°pw cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\mbn ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhp aptJ-\-bp≈ ssZh-Øns‚ {]hr-Øn-bmWv

(hn-j-bm[n-jvTn-Xw, H.-t\m. 2 sImcn. 7:1; 1 sX . 4:3,7; 1 Xnsam. 2:15; 2 Xnsam. 2:21; F{_m. 12:10,14)

6:4 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: hnip-≤o-I-cWw ImWp-I.

hnip-≤o-I-cWw Htc-k-abw Hcp Zm\hpw Hcp Iev]-\-bp-am-Wv. AsXmcp ÿm\hpw (\n-ev]v) Hcp {]hr-

Øn-bp-amWv (Po-hn-X-ssi-en)! AsXmcp kqN-Ihpw (Hcp {]kvXm-h-\) Hcp hn[n-cq-]-hp-amWv (Hcp Iev]-\).

AXv Bcw-`-Øn¬ hcp∂p F¶nepw Ah-km\w hcmsX ]q¿Æ-am-Ip-∂n√ (H.-t\m. ^nen. 1:6; 2:12-˛13).

142

tdma¿ 6:20-˛2320\nßƒ ]m]Øn∂p Zmk∑mcmbncp∂t∏mƒ \oXnsb kw_‘n®p kzX{¥cmbncp∂pht√m.

21\nßƒ°p A∂p Fs¥mcp êw D≠mbncp∂p? Ct∏mƒ \nßƒ°p e÷ tXm∂p∂Xp Xt∂.

AXns‚ Ahkm\w acWat√m. 22F∂m¬ Ct∏mƒ ]m]Øn¬\n∂p kzmX{¥yw {]m]n®p

ssZhØn∂p Zmk∑mcmbncn°bm¬ \nßƒ°p e`n°p∂ ew hnip≤oIcWhpw AXns‚ A¥w

\nXyPoh\pw BIp∂p. 23]m]Øns‚ iºfw acWat{X; ssZhØns‚ Ir]mhctam \ΩpsS

I¿Ømhmb tbip{InkvXphn¬ \nXyPoh≥ Xt∂.

6:20-˛21 CXv hm. 18 s‚bpw 19 s‚bpw FXn-cm-bn-´p-≈Xv ]d-bp-I-bm-Wv. hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v Hcp bP-am-\s\

am{Xta tkhn-°m≥ Ign-I-bp≈p (H.-t\m. eqs°m. 16:13).

6:22-˛23 Hcp-h≥ tkhn-°p∂ hy‡n-bn¬\n∂pw e`n-°p∂ iº-f-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ bp‡n-]-c-amb apt∂-‰-

sØ-bmWv Cu hmIy-ßƒ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Cu ]m]-Øns‚ N¿®-bn¬ hnizmkn Ah-km-\n-°p-∂Xv Ir]-

bpsS Du∂-en¬ BsW-∂-Xn¬ ssZh-Øn\p kvtXm{Xw. H∂m-a-tØXv \ΩpsS kl-I-c-W-Øn-eq-sS-bp≈

c£m-Zm-\hpw XpS¿∂v \ΩpsS kl-I-c-W-Øn-eq-sS- Xs∂bp≈ {InkvXob PohnXw F∂ Zm\-hpw. c≠pw

hnizm-k-Ømepw am\-km-¥-c-Ømepw e`n-°p∂ Zm\-ß-fm-Wv.

6:22- ""\nßƒ°p e`n°p∂ êw hnip≤oIcWhpw AXns‚ A¥w \nXyPoh\pw BIp∂p'' êw

F∂Xv hm. 21¬ ]m]Øns‚ ]cnWnXêsØ kqNn∏n°m≥ D]tbmKn®n´p≠v, F¶nepw hm. 22 ¬ AXv

ssZhsØ tkhn°p∂Xns‚ êsØ kqNn∏n°m≥ D]tbmKn®ncn°p∂p. kXzc êw hnizmknbpsS

{InkvXpkmZriyamWv. BXy¥nI êw Aht\mSpIqsS Ccn°p∂Xpw \nXyambn Ahs\t∏mse-

bmIp∂XpamWv (H.t\m. 1 tbml. 3:2). kXzc êw C√msb¶n¬ (cq]m¥cs∏´ PohnXw, H.t\m. bmt°m.

2) BXy¥nI êw (\nXyPoh≥, H.t\m. aØm. 7) kzm`mhnIambpw tNmZyw sNøs∏Spw. ""êans√¶n¬

thcn√.''

6:23 apgp A[ymbØns‚bpw kw£n]vXamWnXv. ]usemkv Xncs™Sp∏ns\ Idp∏pw sh≈bpambn

Nn{XoIcn°p∂p. Xncs™Sp∏v \ΩptSXmWv ]m]hpw acWhpw As√¶n¬ {InkvXphneqsSbp≈ kuP\y

c£bpw \nXyPoh\pw. CXv ]gb \nba ⁄m\ kmlnXyØnse ""c≠p hgnIƒ'' F∂Xn\p XpeyamWv

(Bh. 30:1,17; k¶o. 1; kZr. 4:10˛19; aØm. 7:13˛14).

""]m]Øns‚ iºfw'' ]m]Øn\v (1) ASnabpsS DSa, As√¶n¬ (2) ]´mf ta[mhn, As√¶n¬ (3)

Iqen sImSp°p∂ cmPmhv F∂o \nebn¬ BfØw Iev]n®ncn°p∂p (H.t\m. 3:9; 5:21; 6:9,14,17).

""ssZhØns‚ Ir]mhctam ... \nXyPoh≥ Xt∂'' ""Ir]mhcw'' F∂p X¿÷a sNbvXncn°p∂ Cu

]Zw (Jmdnkvam˛carismacarismacarismacarismacarisma) Ir] F∂Xn\p≈ aqe]ZØn¬\n∂pw h∂XmWv (Jmdnkv, H.t\m. 3:24; 5:15,16,17;

Fs^. 2:8˛9). 3:24 s‚ Ipdn∏v ImWpI.









1. k¬{]hrØnIƒ Fßs\bmWv c£tbmSp _‘s∏ńcn°p∂Xv (H.t\m. Fs^. 2:8˛9,10)?

2. hnizmknbpsS PohnXØnse XpS¿am\amb ]m]w Fßs\bmWv c£tbmSp _‘s∏ńcn°p∂Xv

(H.t\m. 1 tbml. 3:6,9)?

3. Cu A[ymbw ""]m]clnX ]q¿ÆX'' ]Tn∏n°p∂pt≠m?

4. A[ymbw 6, Fßs\bmWv 5, 7 A[ymbßtfmSp _‘s∏ńcn°p∂Xv?

5. F¥psIm≠mWv ChnsS kv\m\w N¿®sNøs∏ńcn°p∂Xv?

6. hnizmknIƒ°v XßfpsS ]gb {]IrXn \ne\n¿Ømtam? F¥psIm≠v?

7. hm. 1˛14 ¬ h¿Øam\Ime {InbIƒ°pw hm. 15˛23 ¬ `qXIme {InbIƒ°pw ap≥Xq°w ImWp∂-

Xns‚ {]m[m\ysa¥mWv?

143

Hcp hnhml \ymb{]amWØn¬ Hcp hnhml hnhmlØn¬ hnizmkn \ymb

kmZriyw \n∂p kzmX{¥yw kmZriyw \n∂p≈ {]amWØns‚

{]m]n®p Nn{XoIcWw ASnaXzØn¬ \n

∂p kzX{¥\mbn

7:1˛6 7:1˛6 7:1˛3 7:1˛6 7:1˛6

7:4˛6

D≈n¬ hkn°p∂ \ymb{]amWØn¬ \ymb{]amWhpw {]amWhpw ]m]hpw \ymb{]amW

]m] {]iv\w ]m]Øns‚ km[yX]m]hpw {]amWØns‚

{]h¿Ø\w

7:7˛12 7:7˛12 7:7˛12 7:7˛8 7:7˛8

7:9˛11

\ymb{]amWØn\v

]m]Øn¬\n∂pw

c£n°m≥ IgnIbn√ 7:12˛13 7:12˛13

7:13˛25 7:13˛25 7:13

B¥cnI a\pjy\nse B¥cnI

kwL¿jw kwL¿jw t]mcm´w

7:14˛20 7:14˛20 7:14˛20

7:21˛25a 7:21˛25a 7:21˛23

7:24˛25a7:25b 7:25b 7:25b
















4. BZnbmbh

144

hm. 1˛6 s‚ ]›m-Øe Dƒ°m-gvN-IƒA. A[ymbw 7 hymJym\n°s∏tS≠Xv

1. hm. 6 s‚ shfn®Øn¬, hntijm¬ hm. 12˛14 s‚ ASnÿm\Ønembncn°Ww (3:20, 21˛31;

4:13˛16; 5:20 s‚bpw ASnÿm\Øn¬)

2. A[ymbw 9˛11 ¬ ImWp∂ tdmamk`mbnse hnizkn°p∂ sblqZ∑mcpw hnizkn°p∂ PmXnIfpw

XΩn¬ \ne\n∂ kwL¿jtØmSpw AXns\ _‘n∏nt°≠XmWv.

{]iv\Øns‚ bYm¿∞ Ahÿ A⁄mXamWv; AXv

a. tamssiI \ym{]amWØns‚ ASnÿm\Ønep≈ \nbahmZamImw

b. sblqZ aXhmZnIƒ tamsibv°v H∂mw ÿm\hpw {InkvXphn\p c≠mw ÿm\hpw sImSp-

ØXmImw

c. kphntijw sblqZ∑m¿°v Fßs\ _m[Iambncn°p∂p F∂Xns\°pdn®p≈ sX‰n≤mc-

WbmImw

d. ]gbXpw ]pXnbXpamb DSºSnIƒ XΩnep≈ _‘sØ°pdn®p≈ sX‰n≤mcWbmImw

e. N{Ih¿ØnbpsS DØchns\ØpS¿∂v sblqZ∑m¿ tdmam\Kcw hn´pt]mbt∏mƒ Ah¿°p

]Icw PmXob hnizmknIƒ k`m t\XrXzØn¬ h∂p. Ah¿ ]n∂oSv XncnsI h∂t∏mƒ

Ccp t\XrXzhpw XΩn¬ `n∂X DSseSpØp. CsXmcp ImcWamImw.

B. tdma¿ 7:1˛6 ¬, ]gb PohnXtØmSp≈ hnizmknbpsS _‘sØ°pdn®v A[ymbw 6 ¬ ImWp∂

Be¶mcnI h¿Æ\ XpScp∂p. D]tbmKn®ncn°p∂ kmZriyßƒ

1. ASnaØØn¬ \n∂v acWtØmsS hnSphn°s∏´v as‰mcp bPam\\v BbnØocp∂p (A. 6)

2. hnhml _m[yXIfn¬\n∂v acWtØmsSbp≈ kzmX{¥yw (A. 7)

C. 6, 7 A[ymbßƒ kmlnXy]cambn kam¥camWv; A. 6 hnizmkn°v ""]m]''tØmSp≈ _‘sØ

N¿® sNøptºmƒ, A. 7 hnizmkn°v ""\ymb{]amW''tØmSp≈ _‘sØ N¿® sNøp∂p. acWw

Hcp ASnasb kzX{¥\m°p∂ kmZriyw (6:12˛23), acWw Hcp hnhml DSºSnsb Akm[phm°p∂

kmZriyØn\v (7:1˛6) kam¥camWv.

A[ymbw 6 A[ymbw 7

6:1 ""]m]w'' 7:1 ""\ymb{]amWw''

6:2 ""]m]Øn\p acn®p'' 7:4 ""\ymb{]amWØn\p acn®p''

6:4 ""\mw Pohs‚ ]pXp°Øn¬ \St°≠Xn\v'' 7:6 ""\mw Bflmhns‚ ]pXp°Øn¬

tkhnt°≠Xn\v''

6:7 ""acn®h≥ ]m]Øn¬\n∂p tamN\w 7:6 ""\sΩ ]nSn®S°nbncp∂ \ymb{]amWw

{]m]n®ncn°p∂p'' kw_‘n®v acn®ncn°sIm≠v''

6:18 ""]m]Øn¬\n∂p kzmX{¥yw e`n®p'' 7:3 ""\ymb{]amWØn¬\n∂p

kzX{¥bmbncn°p∂p''

Taken from Anders Nygren’s Commentary on Romans, translated by Carl C. Rassmussen, p. 268).

D. \ymb{]amWw AXns‚ Xo¿t∏mSpIqSnb acWhn[nbmWv. F√m a\pjycpw \ymb{]amWØn≥-

Iogn¬ in£mtbmKycmWv (H.t\m. tdma. 6:14; 7:4; Kem. 3:13; Fs^. 2:15; sImsem. 2:14). tamssiI

\ymb{]amWw Hcp im]ambnØo¿∂p!

E. A[ymbw 7 Fßs\ hymJym\n°Wsa∂Xp kw_‘n®v {][m\ambpw \mepw kn≤m¥ßfp≠v.

1. ]usemkv Xs∂°pdn®p kwkmcn°p∂p (BflIYm]cw)

2. ]usemkv kIe a\pjycpsSbpw {]Xn\n[n F∂ \nebn¬ kwkmcn°p∂p ({]mXn\n[yw,

{IntkmÃw)

3. ]usemkv BZmans‚ A\p`hsØ°pdn®p kwkmcn°p∂p (sam]vkyqjybnse XntbmU¿)

3. ]usemkv bn{kmtbens‚ A\p`hsØ°pdn®p kwkmcn°p∂p

F. At\I \neIfn¬ A[ymbw 7, Dev]Øn 3 \p Xpeyambn {]h¿Øn°p∂p. adpXen∏v a\pjys\

Xmtg°v hen°p∂Xns\ ssZhsØ Adn™hsct∏mepw AXp ImWn°p∂p. Adnhv hoWpt]mb

a\pjyh¿§sØ hnSphn°pIbn√.; ssZhIr]bv°v, Hcp ]pXnb lrZbØn\v, Hcp ]pXnb a\ n\v,

145

Hcp ]pXnb Bflmhn\p am{Xta AXp sNøm\mIq (]pXnb DSºSn, H.t\m. bnsc. 31:31˛34; sbsl.

36:26˛27). At∏mƒ t]mepw AXp XpScp∂ Hcp t]mcmámWv (H.t\m. 6:12˛19; 1 sImcn. 6:10˛19; Fs^.

6:10˛18)!

]Z, ssieo ]T\w

tdma¿ 7:1˛31ktlmZc∑mtc, \ymb{]amWw Adnbp∂htcmSt√m Rm≥ kwkmcn°p∂Xp: a\pjy≥

Poht\mSncn°pwImesØms°bpw \ymb{]amWØn∂p Ahs‚ ta¬ A[nImcw D≠p F∂p

\nßƒ Adnbp∂n√tbm? 2`¿Ømhp≈ kv{Xo Pohn®ncn°p∂ `¿Ømhnt\mSp \ymb{]amW-

Øm¬ _‘n°s∏ńcn°p∂p. `¿Ømhp acn®m¬ Ahƒ `¿Ør\ymb{]amWØn¬\n∂p Hgnhp-

≈hfmbn. 3`¿Ømhp Pohn®ncn°ptºmƒ Ahƒ thsd ]pcpj∂p Bbm¬ hy`nNmcnWn F∂p

t]¿ hcpw; `¿Ømhp acn®p F¶ntem Ahƒ thsd]pcpj∂p Bbm¬ hy`nNmcnWn F∂p

hcmXhÆw \ymb{]amWØn¬\n∂p kzX{¥bmIp∂p.

7:1 ""\ymb{]amWw Adnbp∂htcmSt√m Rm≥ kwkmcn°p∂Xp'' CXp kqNn∏n°p∂Xv

1. hnizkn°p∂ sblqZ∑msc am{Xw

2. tdmam k`nse hnizkn°p∂ sblqZ∑mcpw hnizkn°p∂ PmXnIfpw XΩnep≈ kwL¿jsØ

3. a\pjyt\mSp _‘s∏´ \nebn¬ \ymb{]amWsØ°pdn®p s]mXphmbn (H.t\m. 2:14˛15)

4. ]gb \nbaØn¬\n∂pw XßfpsS ]pXnb hnizmksØ°pdn®v ]Tn®psIm≠ncn°p∂ (Im‰°nkw,

6:17) ]pXnb hnizmknIsf°pdn®v

""\ymb{]amWw'' Cu A[ymbØns‚ {][m\ Du∂¬ CXmWv (H.t\m. hm. 1,2,4,5,6 BZn.). F¶nepw

]usemkv Cu ]Zw hyXykvX A¿∞ßfn¬ D]tbmKn°p∂p≠v ({]IrXn \nbaw, tamssiI \ymb{]am-

Ww, kmaqlnI \nbaßƒ). ]usemkns‚ hmZßƒ°v t{]cW 6:14 BsW∂p tXm∂p∂p. Ahs‚

AhXc-Ww A[ymbw 6 s‚ LS\bv°p kam¥camWv. ]›mØe Dƒ°mgvNIƒ C ImWpI. tamssiI

\ymb{]amWhpw {InkvXphnep≈ ]pXnb \nbatØmSp≈ AXns‚ _‘hpw 3:21˛31 epw 4:13˛16 epw

N¿® sNøp∂p≠v.

NASB ""a\pjy≥ Poht\mSncn°pwImesØms°bpw \ymb{]amWØn∂p Ahs‚ta¬

A[nImc]cn[n D≠p''

NKJV ""a\pjy≥ Poht\mSncn°pwImesØms°bpw \ymb{]amWØn∂p Ahs‚ta¬

A[nImcw D≠p''

NRSV ""a\pjys‚ PohnXImeØp am{Xta \ymb{]amWw _m[IamIp∂p≈p''

TEV ""a\pjy≥ Poht\mSncn°pwImeØp am{Xta \ymb{]amWw Ahs\ `cn°p∂p≈p''

NJB ""hy‡nbpsS PohnXImeØp am{Xta \ymb{]amWw Ahs\ _m[n°p∂p≈p''

CXv B£cnIambn ""I¿ØrXzw \SØpI'' (IqdnsbbpHm˛kurieuwkurieuwkurieuwkurieuwkurieuw, H.t\m. 6:9,14) F∂mWv. tamssiI

\ymb{]amWw Hcp henb A\p{Klhpw (H.t\m. k¶o. 19; 119) Hcp òIc im]hpamWv (H.t\m. Kem. 3:13;

Fs^. 2:15; sImsem. 2:14). imcocnI acWtØmsS \ymb{]amWtØmSp≈ _m[yX Ahkm\n°p∂p.

CtX kmZriyamWv A[ymbw 6 ¬ hnizmkn ]m]Øn\p acn°p∂Xp kw_‘n®v D]tbmKn®ncn°p∂Xv.

7:2 ""`¿Ømhp≈ kv{Xo'' hm. 1˛6 ¬ ]usemkns‚ apJy DZmlcWamWnXv. A[ymbw 6 ¬ acWtØmsS

Hcp a\pjys‚ ASnasb∂ \nebnep≈ _m[yX Ahkm\n°p∂Xmbn Ah≥ ]dbp∂p. DZmlcWw

ChnsS t\sc Xncn°p∂p, ImcWw kv{Xo°v ]p\¿hnhmlØn\p km[yXbp≠mIp∂Xn\v ]pcpj≥ acn°p-

∂p. AtXkabw ]usemkns‚ D]abn¬ hnizmkn acn°pIbpw ssZhØn\p Pohn°pIbpw sNøp∂p.

""Hgnhp-≈hfmbn'' 6:6 se AtX {InbbmWnXv. A¿∞w ""\o°w h∂p,'' ""\njvêambn,'' AYhm

""Akm[phmbn.'' 6:6 ¬ AXv qXIme I¿ΩWn {]tbmKamsW¶n¬, ChnsS ]q¿Æ I¿ΩWn {]tbmKamWv,

A¿∞w ""Hgnhp≈hfmbn, Hgnhp≈hfmbn XpScpIbpw sNøp∂p.'' 3:3 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWpI.

7:3 ""hy`nNmcnWn F∂p t]¿ hcpw'' Cu A`n{]mbw, Bh. 24:1˛4 Bkv]Zam°n {]tXyIn®v ""ZqjyambXv''

F∂Xns\s®m√n ˛ sblqZ kvIqfpIfmb jΩmbnbpw lnt√epw XΩnep≈ hmZtØmSp _‘s∏´XmWv.

lnt√¬ kvIqƒ GXp ImcWw sNm√nbpw hnhmltamN\w A\phZn°mw F∂p hmZn® DXv]XnjvWp

at\m`mh°mcmbncp∂p. jΩmbn kvIqfmIs´, hy`nNmctam a‰v ssewKnI acymZtISpItfm aqew am{Xta

146

hnhmltamN\w ]mSp≈p F∂p hmZn®ncp∂ bmYmÿnXnIcmbncp∂p (H.t\m. aØm. 5:32; 19:9).

tdma¿ 7:4˛64AXpsIm≠p ktlmZc∑mtc, \mw ssZhØn∂p ew Imbv°pamdp acn®n´p Dbn¿sØgpt∂‰-

h\mb thsdmcph∂p BtI≠Xn∂p \nßfpw {InkvXphns‚ icocw apJm¥cw \ymb{]amW-

kw_‘ambn acn®ncn°p∂p. 5\mw PUØnembncp∂t∏mƒ \ymb{]amWØm¬ Dfhmb ]m]-

cmK-ßƒ, acWØn∂p êw Imbv°Ø°hÆw \ΩpsS Ahbhßfn¬ hym]cn®p t]m∂p.6Ct∏mtgm, \sΩ ]nSn®S°nbncp∂ \ymb{]amWw kw_‘n®p acn®ncn°sIm≠p, A£cØn-

s‚ ]g°Øne√ Bflmhns‚ ]pXp°Øn¬ Xs∂ tkhnt°≠Xn∂p \mw \ymb{]amWØn¬-

\n∂p Hgnhp≈hcmbncn°p∂p.

7:4 ""\mw ssZhØn∂p êw Imbv°pamdp'' CXpw A[ymbw 6 \v, {]tXyIm¬ 6:22 \p kam¥camWv.

hnizm-knIƒ Ct∏mƒ {InkvXphnt\mSp _‘n°s∏Sphm≥ X°hÆw {InkvXphn¬ kzX{¥cmbncn°p∂p.

CXmWv XpScp∂ hnhml kmZriyw. {InkvXp hnizmknIƒ°pth≠n acn®Xpt]mse Ahcpw Ct∏mƒ

acnt°Ww (H.t\m. 2 sImcn. 5:13˛14; Kem. 2:20). {InkvXp Dbn¿sØgpt∂‰Xpt]mse, Ahcpw ssZhsØbpw

(H.t\m. tdma. 6:22; Fs^. 2:5˛6) ]ckv]chpw (H.t\m. 1 tbml. 3:16) tkhn°p∂Xn\p≈ ]pXnb Bflob

Poh\nte°v Dbn¿sØgpt∂‰ncn°p∂p

""{InkvXphns‚ icocw apJm¥cw'' CXv k` {InkvXphns‚ icocw F∂ ssZhimkv{X BibsØ-

°pdn®√ (H.t\m. 1 sImcn. 12:12,27), adn®v {InkvXp acn®t∏mƒ hnizmknIfpw kv\m\ØneqsS Aht\msSm∏w

acn®p F∂p ]dbp∂ 6:3˛11 set∏mse, ùXnI icocsØ°pdn®mWv. Ahs‚ acWw AhcpsS acWam-

bncp∂p (H.t\m. 2 sImcn. 5:14˛15; Kem. 2:20). Ahs‚ ]p\cp∞m\ Poh≥ Ahsc ssZhsØbpw

a‰p≈hscbpw tkhn°p∂Xn\p X°hÆw kzX{¥cm°n.

""\nßfpw ... acn®ncn°p∂p'' CXmWv Cu JWvUnIbpsS {][m\ Du∂¬ (A[ymbw 6 s‚bpw).

hnizmkn {InkvXphnt\mSpIqsS (H.t\m. 2 sImcn. 5:14˛15; Kem. 2:20) ""Ipgn®nSs∏SpIbpw'' (6:4) ""{Iqin-

°s∏SpIbpw'' (6:6) sNbvXXp \nanØw ]m]Øn\p acn®ncn°p∂p F∂ A[ymbw 6 se kmZriytØmSp

_‘s∏´XmWnXpw. Bflmhns‚ Cu ]pXnb bpKØn¬ (H.t\m. 2 sImcn. 5:17) hnizmknIƒ {InkvXphn¬

]pXnb krjvSnIfmIp∂p (6:4 s‚ ]q¿Æ Ipdn∏pIƒ ImWpI). kv\m\w ]gb bpKw, ]gb a\pjy≥

F∂nhbpw ]pXnb bpKw, ]pXnb a\pjy≥ F∂nhbpw XΩnep≈ AXn¿Øn \n›bn°p∂p.

7:5

NASB ""\mw PUØnembncp∂t∏mƒ''

NKJV ""\mw PUØnembncp∂t∏mƒ''

NRSV ""\mw PUØn¬ Pohn®ncp∂t∏mƒ''

TEV ""\mw am\pjnI {]IrXn°\pkcn®v Pohn®ncp∂t∏mƒ''

NJB ""\ΩpsS am\km¥cØn\p apºv''

Cu hmIyw hm. 4 \p hn]coXamWv. hm. 4, hm. 6 s\t∏mse Hcp hnizmknbpsS A\p`htØmSp

_‘s∏´XmWv. hm. 5, ssZhnI i‡nIqSmsXbp≈ (H.t\m. Kem. 5:18˛24) PohnXØns‚ ""ê''sØ

hnhcn°p∂p. \ymb{]amWw hnizmknIƒ°v AhcpsS ]m]sØ shfns∏SpØp∂p (\m. 7˛9; Kem. 3:23˛25)

F¶nepw AXns\ Pbn°m\p≈ i‡n \¬Im\p≈ Ignhn√.

kμ¿`Øn\\pkcn®v, Cu {]tbmKw hnizmknIfpsS BZman¬\n∂pw hoWpt]mb {]IrXsØ

kqNn∏n°p∂p (H.t\m. 6:19). ]usemkv km¿Ivkv (sarxsarxsarxsarxsarx) F∂ ]Zw c≠p hyXykvX coXnbn¬ D]tbmKn-

°p∂p, (1) ]m] {]IrXn (]gb a\pjy≥), (2) ùXnI icocw (H.t\m. 1:3; 4:1; 9:3,5). ChnsS CXv \ntj[m-

flIw BWv, F¶nepw tdma. 1:3; 4:1; 9:3,5; Kem. 2:20 ImWpI. PUw/icocw (sarxsarxsarxsarxsarx/somasomasomasomasoma) AXn¬ Xs∂

Xn∑b√, F¶nepw a\ nset∏mse (noujnoujnoujnoujnouj) AXpw Cu bpKØnse Xn∑bpsS i‡nbpw ]cnip≤mflmhpw

XΩnep≈ G‰papéns‚ bp≤`qanbmWv. ]usemkv Cu ]Zw Hcp hn[Øn¬, {Ko°n\p kam\ambn´√,

adn®v sk]v‰zPn‚n\p kam\ambn´mWv D]tbmKn°p∂Xv. 1:3 se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw: PUw (km¿Ivkv-

˛ sarx) ImWpI.

""\ymb{]amWØm¬ Dfhmb'' adpXen°p∂ ˛ GsXmcp hne°pIsfbpw CjvSs∏SmØ ˛ am\pjnI

{]IrXnsb kw_‘n® Cu hnjbw Dev]Øn 3 epw kIe a\pjycnepw hy‡ambn ImWmhp∂XmWv.

\ymb{]amWw AXncpIƒ \n›bn°p∂p (H.t\m. hm. 7˛8). Cu AXncpIƒ a\pjyh¿§Øns‚ kwc£-

WØn\pth≠nbmWv, F¶nepw a\pjy¿ Ahsb NßeIfmbpw ]cnanXnIfmbpamWv ImWp∂Xv. ]m]-

]¶nehpw kzX{¥hpamb Bflmhv ssZhnI {]amWØm¬ DtØPnXamIp∂p. ]cnanXnIf√ {]iv\w

(\ymb{]amWw, H.t\m. hm. 12˛13) adn®v a\pjys‚ A[oiXzhpw kzb˛C—bpamWv.

147

""acWØn∂p êw Imbv°Ø°hÆw''

1. hm. 5 ˛ ssZhØn\p êw Imbn°pI

2. hm. 6 ˛ acWØn\p êw Imbn°pI

F∂nh XΩnep≈ sshcp≤yw F{X henbXmWv.

hnizmknIƒ acWØn\pw ]m]Øn\pw \ymb{]amWØn\pw acn°pIbpw Ct∏mƒ ssZhcmPyØn\p

êw Imbv°pamdv Pohn°pIbpw sNøp∂p. ]usemkv Idp∏pw sh≈bpambn hc®pIm´p∂p (As√¶n¬

anI® sshcp≤y hn`mKßfmbn, 8:2 s‚ Ipdn∏v ImWpI). Hcp hy‡n c≠n¬ Hcp hn`mKØnembncn°pw ˛

BZmw As√¶n¬ tbip (H.t\m. 5:12˛21). tbiphnep≈h¿ kzX{¥cpw _‘\an√mØhcpw ]pXp°w

{]m]n®hcpamWv (H.t\m. Kem. 2:19˛20)! AXn¬ \S°pI! AXn¬ BÀmZn°pI!

7:6 ""Ct∏mtgm'' F {Sm≥kvtet‰gvkv lm≥Uv_p°v Hm¨ t]mƒkv se‰¿ Sp Z tdma≥kv F∂ {KŸØn¬

\yqam\pw \nUmbpw ckIcamb Hcp Ia‚ v \¬Ip∂p≠v.

hm. 5 Dw 6 Dw XΩnep≈ kam¥cXzhpw AtXmsSm∏w AXn\v XpS¿∂phcp∂ hmIyßtfmSp≈

_‘hpw {i≤n°p∂Xv Xmev]cyP\IamWv. hm. 5, hnizmknbmIp∂Xn\p apºp≈ A\p`hw, AXn\v

7:˛25 ¬ kam¥cw ImWp∂p≠v; hm. 6, ssZhØns‚ Bflmhns‚ Iogn¬ Ct∏mgp≈ hnizmk

PohnXsØ hnhcn°p∂p, AXn\p kam¥c `mKamWv 8:1˛11'' (t]Pv 130).

""\sΩ ]nSn®S°nbncp∂ \ymb{]amWw kw_‘n®p acn®ncn°sIm≠p'' CXv `qXIme I¿Øcn

A]q¿Æ{Inbbpw AXns\ØpS¿∂p hcp∂ A]q¿Æ I¿ΩWn kqNIhpamWv. ssZhw hnizmknIsf

{InkvXphns‚ acWw apJm¥cw

1. \ymb{]amWØns‚ im]Øn¬\n∂pw

2. AhcpsS B¥cnI ]m] {]IrXnbn¬\n∂pw

hnSphn®ncn°p∂p. ssZhØns‚ shfns∏SpØs∏´ lnXtØmSp≈ a’cw, hoWpt]mb {]IrXn, hy‡n]c-

amb ]m]w, {]IrXymXoXamb ]co£ F∂nhbneqsS Ah¿ XpS¿am\ambn _‘n°s∏ńcn°p∂p (H.t\m.

Fs^. 2:2˛3)!

""]g°Øne√ .... ]pXp°Øn¬'' Cu ]pXnb Bflob hgn ]pXnb \nbasØ kqNn∏n°p∂Xmbn

tXm∂p∂p (H.t\m. bnsc. 31:31˛34; sbsl. 36:22˛32). ""]pXnbXv'' F∂Xn\p≈ {Ko°v ]Zw (kainojkainojkainojkainojkainoj,kainothjkainothjkainothjkainothjkainothj) ]usemkv D]tbmKn°p∂Xv

1. Pohs‚ ]pXp°w, tdma. 6:4 (6:4 s‚ Ipdn∏v ImWpI)

2. Bflmhns‚ ]pXp°w, tdma. 7:6

3. ]pXnb \nbaw, 1 sImcn. 11:2; 2 sImcn. 3:6

4. ]pXnb krjvSn, 2 sImcn. 5:17; Kem. 6:15

5. ]pXnb a\pjy≥, Fs^. 2:15; 4:24

F∂nhsb kqNn∏n°phm\mWv.

""]gb'' F∂ ]Zw tamssiI \ymb{]amWØn\v D]tbmKn°p∂Xpw ""]q¿Æambn \oßnt∏mbXv'' F∂p

kqNn∏n°p∂XpamWv. ]usemkv F{_mb teJ\Imcs\t∏mse ]gb \nbasØ ]pXnbXpambn XmcX-

ays∏SpØp∂p (H.t\m. F{_m. 8:7, 13).

NASB, NKJV ""Bflmhns‚ ]pXp°Øn¬ tkhnt°≠Xn∂p''

NRSV ""\mw ]gb FgpXs∏´ {]amWØn≥Iog√ Bflmhns‚ ]pXpPohnXØn¬ Zmk∑m-

cm-bncnt°-≠Xn\v''

TEV ""Bflmhns‚ ]pXp hgnbn¬ Bbncnt°≠Xn∂p''

NJB ""]pXnb Bflob hgnbn¬ tkhn°phm≥ kzX{¥cmtI≠Xn∂v''

CXv B£cnIambn ""Bflmhns‚ ]pXp°w'' BWv. CXv ]pXp°w {]m]n® a\pjymflmhns\bmtWm

AtXm ]cnip≤mflmhns\bmtWm ˛ Ahs\°pdn®v tdma¿ 8¬ Zp¿{Klamb coXnbn¬ kqNn∏n®ncn°p∂p

(15 {]mhiyw) ˛ kqNn∏n°p∂sX∂p \n›ban√. ""Bflmhv'' F∂ ]Zw tdma. 1:4,9; 2:29; 7:6; 8:15; 11:8; 12:11;

1 sImcn. 2:11; 4:21; 5:3,4,5; 7:34; 14:15,16,32; 16:18 ¬ kphntijØmepw Bflmhn\mepw ]pXp°s∏SpIbpw

Du¿÷kzeam°s∏SpIbpw sNbvX a\pjymflmhns\ kqNn∏n°p∂p.

]usemkns‚ FgpØpIfn¬, ""PUw'' ""Bflmhv'' F∂nh ]et∏mgpw c≠phn[Ønep≈ Nn¥m-

KXnIfpw PohnX coXnbpw F∂ \nebn¬ sshcp[ymflIambn Nn{XoIcn®n´p≠v (H.t\m. 7:14; 8:4; Kem.

3:3; 5:16,17,25; 6:8). ssZhsØ°qSmsXbp≈ ùXnI PohnXw ""PUw'' BWv (1:3 se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw

ImWpI), F∂m¬ ssZhtØmsSm∏ap≈ PohnXw ""Bflmhv'' BIp∂p. A[nhkn°p∂ ]cnip≤mflmhv

(H.t\m. 8:9,11) hnizmknsb {InkvXphn¬ ]pXnb krjvSnbmbn cq]m¥cs∏SpØp∂p (ÿm\obambpw

A\p`h]cambpw).

148

""Hgnhp≈hcmbncn°p∂p'' CXv `qXIme I¿ΩWn kqNIamWv. CXv hm. 5 se A]q¿Æ a[y

kqNIØn\p hn]coXamWv. hnizmknIƒ \ymb{]amWØn¬ shfns∏SpØs∏´ ]m]Øm¬ \nc¥cambn

_‘nXcmbncp∂p, F∂m¬ Ah¿ Ct∏mƒ kphntijØneqsS ]cnip≤mflmhn\m¬ kzX{¥cm°-

s∏ńcn°p∂p. CtX ]Zw hm. 2¬ `¿Ømhp acn® kv{Xosb°pdn®pw ]d™ncn°p∂p.

tdma¿ 7:7˛25 s‚ ]›m-Øe Dƒ°m-gvN-IƒA. tdma¿ 7:7˛25 Hcp am\pjnI bmYm¿∞ysØ shfns∏SpØp∂p. kIe a\pjycpw, c£n°s∏´hcpw

A√mØhcpw XßfpsS temIØnepw kz¥w lrZbßfnepw a\ pIfnepw \∑bpw Xn∑bpw

XΩnep≈ kwL¿jw A\p`hn°p∂p. hymJym\]camb tNmZyw, ""Cu thZ`mKw \mw Fßs\

a\ nem°Wsa∂mWv ]usemkv B{Kln®Xv?'' CXv 1:18˛6:23; 8:1˛39 `mKßfpambn ]›mØe-

]cambn _‘s∏ńcn°p∂p≠mImw. Nne¿ CXns\ ImWp∂Xv kIe a\pjytcmSpw _‘s∏ńcn-

°p∂ \nebnepw AXn\m¬, ]usemkns‚ A\p`hsØ Hcp amXrIbmbn´pamWv. Cu hymJym\sØ

""BflIYm]camb kn≤m¥w'' F∂p hnfn°p∂p.

]usemkv ""Rm≥'' F∂ ]Zw hy‡n]ca√mØ \nebn¬ 1 sImcn. 13:1˛3 ¬ D]tbmKn®n´p≠v.

hy‡n]ca√mØ \nebnep≈ ""Rm≥'' F∂ ]ZØns‚ D]tbmKw sblqZ d∫namcpsS FgpØpI-

fnepw ImWmw. ChnsS CXmWv bmYm¿∞ysa¶n¬, Cu thZ`mKw a\pjyh¿§Øns‚ \njv]m]mh-

ÿbn¬\n∂pw ]m]t_m[Ønte°pw XpS¿∂v c£bnte°pap≈ am‰sØbmWv Nn{XoIcn°p∂Xv

(A[ymbw 8). CXns\ ""{]mXn\n[y kn≤m¥w'' F∂p hnfn°p∂p (sPtdmw _nªn°¬ Ia‚dn,

t]Pv 312).

F∂ncp∂mepw, a‰p≈h¿ Cu hmIyßsf, hnizmkn°v hogvN kw`hn® a\pjy{]IrXntbmSp≈

XpS¿am\amb t]mcm´tØmSv _‘s∏´Xmbn´mWv ImWp∂Xv (AXm. AKÃn≥, tXmakv AIzn\mkv,

am¿ń≥ eqY¿, Im¬hn≥, Imƒ _m¿Øv). hm. 24 se lrZbt`ZIamb \nehnfn Cu B¥cnI

kwL¿jsØ shfns∏SpØp∂p. hm. 7˛13 ¬ A[nIambn `qXIme {InbIfpw A]q¿Æ {InbIfpw

ImWptºmƒ, hm. 14˛25 ¬ h¿Øam\ Ime {InbIfpw ]q¿Æ {InbIfpamWv ImWp∂Xv. CXv

]usemkv \njv]m]mhÿbn¬\n∂pw ]m]t_m[Ønte°pw XpS¿∂v c£bnte°pap≈ Xs‚

am‰Øns‚bpw XpS¿∂v kwL¿j`cnXamb ]ptcmKa\ hnip≤oIcWØns‚bpw A\p`hw ]¶p-

shbv°p∂ ""BflIYm]camb kn≤m¥'' Øn\p≈ km[yX h¿≤n∏n°p∂p (H.t\m. Hmt´mkv

FtKm, ""Rm≥ Xt∂'', hm. 25).

c≠p kn≤m¥ßfpw icnbmbncn°m\p≈ km≤Xbpw ImWp∂p≠v. hm. 1˛13 epw 25b bnepw

]usemkv BflIYm]cambn kwkmcn°ptºmƒ, hm. 14˛25a bn¬ Ah≥ hos≠Sp°s∏´ kIe

a\pjyh¿§Øns‚bpw {]Xn\n[nbmbn ]m]tØmSp≈ Xs‚ B¥cnI kwL¿jsØ°pdn®mWv

{]kvXmhn°p∂Xv. F¶nepw Cu apgph≥ thZ`mKhpw, am\km¥cØn\p apºv Hcp ka¿∏nX sblqZ

aXhmZn F∂ \nebn¬ ]usemkns‚ ]cmPbØns\Xncmbn´pthWw ImWphm≥. ]usemkns‚

A\p`hw Ahs‚ am{Xw {]tXyI A\p`hamWv.

B. \ymb{]amWw \√XmWv. AXp ssZhØn¬\n∂p≈XmWv. AXv ssZhnI Dt±iyßsf \nh¿Øn®p,

\nh¿Øn®psIm≠ncn°pIbpw sNøp∂p (H.t\m. 7:7,12,14,22,25; aØm. 5:17˛19). AXn\v kam[m\tam

c£tbm hcpØphm≥ IgnIbn√ (H.t\m. KemXy¿ 3). sPbnwkv Ãphm¿´v Xs‚ F am≥ C≥

ss{IÃv F∂ {KŸØn¬ ]usemkns‚ sshcn≤ymflI Nn¥Isfbpw FgpØpIsfbpw Ipdn®v

]cma¿in°p∂p:

""Hcp Nn¥mkc-Wnbpw D]-tZ-ihpw sIń∏Sp°m≥ Xs∂Øm≥ Hcp°p∂ Hcp hy‡nsb∏‰n

\nßƒ km[mcWamb {]Xo£n°p∂Xv Xm≥ D]tbmKn°p∂ ]Z{]tbmKßfpsS A¿∞ßƒ

Ignbp∂nStØmfw ÿncs∏SpØpI F∂XmWv. Xs‚ {][m\ BibßfpsS hmNIssienbpsS

IrXyXbn¬ Xm≥ e£yw hbv°Wsa∂v \nßƒ {]Xo£n°pw. Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥ Hcp {]tXyI

A¿∞Øn¬ Hcn-°¬ D]tbmKn® Hcp hm°v B {KŸØnepS\ofw B A¿∞w Xs∂ hln°W-

sa∂v \nßƒ Bhiys∏Spw. F∂m¬ ]usemkn¬ \n∂pw CXv {]Xo£n°p∂h¿ \ncmis∏Spw.

Xs‚ hmNIssien an°hmdpw Ab™Xpw ZrVXbn√mØXpamWv ... ""Iev]\ hnip≤amWv''

Xm≥ FgpXp∂p, ""D≈wsIm≠p Rm≥ ssZhØns‚ \ymb{]amWØn¬ ckn°p∂p'' (H. t\m.

tdma. 7:12, 22). F∂m¬ CXv hy‡ambpw ""{InkvXp \sΩ \ymb{]amWØns‚ im]Øn¬

\n∂pw hnse°p hmßn'' F∂v as‰mcnSØv Xs∂s°m≠p ]dbn∏n°p∂ t\mtamkv s‚ as‰mcp

hiamWv (H. t\m. Kem. 3:13)'' (t]Pv 26).

C. ""]usemkv hm. 14˛25 ¬ c£n°s∏´ hy‡nsbbmtWm c£n°s∏SmØ hy‡nsbbmtWm

149

]cma¿in°p∂Xv?'' F∂ tNmZyØn\pØcw \evIp∂ thZ]pkvXI sXfnhpIƒ Xmsg∏dbp∂p.

1. c£n°s∏SmØ hy‡n

a. BZna {Ko°v k`m]nXm°∑mcpsS hymJym\w Cßs\bmbncp∂p

b. Xmsg∏dbp∂ {]tbmKßƒ Cu ho£WsØ ]n¥pWbv°p∂p

(1) ""Rmt\m PUab≥,'' hm. 14

(2) ""]m]Øn\p Zmk\mbn hnev°s∏´h≥,'' hm. 14

(3) ""F∂n¬ \∑ hkn°p∂n√,'' hm. 18

(4) ""Fs‚ Ahbhßfnep≈ ]m]{]amWØn\v Fs∂ _≤\m°n°fbp∂p,'' hm. 23

(5) ""Rm≥ AcnjvSa\pjy≥! Cu acWØn\p A[o\amb icocØn¬\n∂v Fs∂ B¿

hnSphn°pw?'' hm. 24

c. A[ymbw 6 s‚ kXzc kμ¿`w, \mw ]m]Øns‚ A[o\Øn¬\n∂pw kzX{¥cmWv F∂Xm-

Wv. A[ymbw 8 s‚ kμ¿`w Bcw`n°p∂Xv ""AXpsIm≠v'' F∂XmWv.

d. Cu kμ¿`Øns‚ Ahkm\w hsc ]cnip≤mflmhns\°pdnt®m {InkvXphns\°pdnt®m D≈

]cma¿iØns‚ A`mhw (hm. 25).

2. c£n°s∏´ hy‡n

a. AKÃn≥, Im¬hn≥, \hoIcW ]mcºcyw F∂nhbpsS hymJym\w Cßs\bmbncp∂p

b. Xmsg∏dbp∂ {]tbmKßƒ Cu ho£WsØ ]n¥pWbv°p∂p

(1) ""\ymb{]amWw BflnIw F∂p \mw Adnbp∂pht√m,'' hm. 14

(2) ""\ymb{]amWw \√Xp F∂p Rm≥ kΩXn°p∂p,'' hm. 16

(3) ""Rm≥ sNbvhm≥ C—n°p∂ \∑ sNøp∂n√t√m,'' hm. 19

(4) ""D≈wsIm≠p Rm≥ ssZhØns‚ \ymb{]amWØn¬ ckn°p∂p,'' hm. 22

c. tdmamteJ\Øns‚ hnime kμ¿`w, 7˛mw A[ymbsØ hnip≤oIcWtØmSp _‘s∏´

`mKØv \n¿Øp∂p.

d. hm. 7˛13 ¬ ImWp∂ `qXIme {InbIfn¬\n∂pw A]q¿Æ {InbIfn¬\n∂pw hm. 14˛25 se

h¿Øam\ Ime {InbIfnte°pw ]q¿Æ {InbIfnte°pap≈ am‰w, ]usemkns‚ PohnX-

Ønse Hcp hyXykvXhpw ]pXnbXpamb mKw Bcw`n°p∂p F∂p hy‡am°p∂p (AXmbXv

am\km¥cw).

D. Hcp hnizmkn F{Xb[nIw {InkvXp kmZriyØnte°p apt∂dptam A{Xbpa[nIw Ah≥ Xs‚

]m]mhÿsb°pdn®v t_m[yap≈h\mIpw. Cu sshcp≤yw Cu kμ¿`tØmSpw ]usemkns‚

hy‡nXztØmSpw tbmPn®p t]mIp∂p (B hnjbØn¬ an° hnizmknIfpw Aßs\ Xt∂;

hn]coXamb ho£WØn\v tKm¿U≥ ô FgpXnb, t]mƒ, Z kv]ncn‰v B≥Uv Z ]o∏nƒ Hm^v

tKmUv ImWpI).

eqYd≥ Km\kamlmcØn¬ \n∂pw sl‚n s‰z¬kv FgpXnb hcnIƒ:

""B¿°pw I¿Ømth ]q¿Æ hn{im¥nbn√

Bcpw ]q¿Æambn ]m]Øn¬\n∂pw tamNnXc√;

£oWnX¿ \ns∂ \∂mbn tkhn°pw

D≈nse sX‰ns\ \∂mbn {Kln°pw.''

]usemkv X\n°v ""\ymb{]amWw,'' '']m]w/acWw'' F∂nhsb \∂mbn AhXcn∏n°p∂Xn\p≈

LS\ \evInb ]coiaXØns‚ ap≥Ime A\p`htØmSv t]mcmSpIbmsW∂mWv Rm≥ Nn¥n°p∂-

Xv. F¶nepw c£bv°ptijw ]m]tØmSpw ]co£tbmSpap≈ Fs‚ Xs∂ t]mcm´w Fs∂ h√msX

kzm[o\n°p∂p≠v. AsXs‚ hymJym\Øn\v \ndw ]Icp∂p. tKm¿U≥ ô, t]mƒ, Z kv]ncn‰v

B≥Uv Z ]o∏nƒ Hm v tKmUv F∂ {KŸØn¬ as‰mcp hnes∏´ {InkvXob A\p`hhpw ImgvN∏mSpw

AhXcn∏n°p∂p≠v. F\n°dnbmhp∂ Hcp Imcyw,

1. ]gb bpKw ˛ ]pXnb bpKw

2. ]gb a\pjy≥ ˛ ]pXnb a\pjy≥

3. \ymb{]amWw ˛ Bflmhv

F∂nh XΩnep≈ kwL¿jw AYhm `n∂X {InkvXphn¬ ]cnlcn°s∏ńcn°p∂p! hnPbw

\ΩptSXmWv! 6, 8 A[ymbßƒ ImWmsX A[ymbw 7 ¬ {i≤ tI{μoIcn°cpXv. Ah\n¬ \ap°p

hnPbap≠v.

E. A[ymbw 8 ¬ kp≥ (sunsunsunsunsun, 8:32 se KXn) KXnbpsS kwbp‡ßƒ ImWmw.

1. hm. 16 ˛ kp≥ + km£yw ]dbp∂p

2. hm. 17 ˛ kp≥ + AhIminIƒ

3. hm. 17 ˛ kp≥ + IjvSa\p`hn°pI

4. hm. 17 ˛ kp≥ + tXPkvIcn°s∏SpI

5. hm. 22 ˛ kp≥ + RcßpI

150

6. hm. 22 ˛ kp≥ + Cu‰pt\mthmSncn°pI

7. hm. 26 ˛ kp≥ + XpW\nev°pI

8. hm. 28 ˛ kp≥ + IqSn hym]cn°pI

9. hm. 29 ˛ kp≥ + A\pcq]cmIpI

Cu kwbp‡ßƒ ""]¶mfnIfmIpI'' As√¶n¬ ""klIcn°pI'' F∂Xns\ kqNn∏n°p∂p.

tdma¿ 7:7˛127BIbm¬ \mw F¥p ]dtb≠p? \ymb{]amWw ]m]w Ft∂m? Hcp\mfpw AcpXp. F¶nepw

\ymb{]amWØm¬ A√msX Rm≥ ]m]sØ Adn™n√; tamln°cpXp F∂p \ymb{]amWw

]dbmXncps∂¶n¬ Rm≥ tamlsØ Adn Ibn√mbncp∂p. 8]m]tam Ahkcw e`n®n´p Iev]\-

bm¬ F∂n¬ kIehn[ tamlsØbpw P\n∏n®p; \ymb{]amWw IqSmsX ]m]w \n¿÷o-

hamIp∂p. 9Rm≥ Hcp ImeØp \ymb{]amWw IqSmsX Pohn®ncp∂p; F∂m¬ Iev]\ h∂t∏mƒ

]m]w ho≠pw Pohn°bpw Rm≥ acn°bpw sNbvXp. 10Cßs\ Poh\mbn e`n®ncp∂ Iev]\

F\n°p acWtlXphmbnØo¿∂p F∂p Rm≥ I≠p. 11]m]w Ahkcw e`n®n´p Iev]\bm¬

Fs∂ NXn°bpw sIm√pIbpw sNbvXp. 12BIbm¬ \ymb{]amWw hnip≤w; Iev]\ hnip≤hpw

\ymbhpw \√Xpw Xt∂.

7:7 ""BIbm¬ \mw F¥p ]dtb≠p'' ]usemkv Xs‚ Ubmss{S_ns‚ D]tbmKsØ ]cma¿in°p∂p

(H.t\m. 6:1,15; 7:1,13).

""\ymb{]amWw ]m]w Ft∂m'' shfn∏mSns‚ sshcp≤yßfnsem∂v ssZhw \ymb{]amWØns‚

hnip≤nsbbpw \∑sbbpw ]m]sØ shfns∏SpØp∂Xn\p≈ Hcp IÆmSnbmbn D]tbmKn®p F∂XmWv.

Aßs\ hoWpt]mb a\pjyh¿§sØ am\km¥cØns‚bpw hnizmkØns‚bpw ÿm\tØ°p

sIm≠ph∂p (H.t\m. hm. 12˛13; KemXy¿ 3). \ymb{]amWw \oXoIcWØne√, hnip≤oIcWØn¬

XpS¿∂pw {]h¿Øn®psIm≠ncn°p∂p F∂Xv AXnibIcamWv! (13:9 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw:

tamsibpsS \ymb{]amWw kw_-‘n®v ]usemkns‚ ImgvN∏mSv, ImWp-I).

""Hcp\mfpw AcpXp'' sX‰mb ImcysØ \nckn°p∂Xn\p≈ ]usemkns‚ khntij {]tbmKw (H.t\m.

hm. 13; 3:4,6,31; 6:12,15; 9:14; 11:1,11; Kem. 2:17; 3:21).

""F¶nepw/t\sc adn®v'' tdmamteJ\Ønse ]usemkns‚ cN\mssienbn¬ Xs‚ Bibw hy‡-

am°m≥ i‡amb sshcp≤yßƒ AhXcn∏n°p∂p (H.t\m. 3:4,6,31; 6:2,15; 7:13; 9:14; 11:1,11)

""Rm≥'' hm. 7˛25 ¬ hy‡n]camb ""Rm≥,'' ""F\n°v,'' ""Fs∂'' F∂o {]tbmKßƒ F{X{]mhiyw

hcp∂p F∂v \nßfpsS ss__nfn¬ ASbmfs∏SpØpI. AXp \nßsf A¤pXs∏SpØpw. 40˛e-[nIw

{]mhiyw AXp ImWmw.

""\ymb{]amWØm¬ A√msX Rm≥ ]m]sØ Adn™n√'' tamssiI \ymb{]amWw hy‡n]camb

]m]sØ shfns∏SpØp∂ Hcp IÆmSn t]mse {]h¿Øn°p∂p F∂ BibsØ shfns∏SpØp∂

Xmt°m¬ hmIyßfn¬ H∂mWnXv (H.t\m. 3:20; 4:65; 5:20; Kem. 3:14˛29 {]tXyIn®v hm. 24). Hcp {]mhiyw

\ymb{]amWw ewLn°p∂Xv DSºSn ewLn°p∂Xn\p Xpeyhpw AXn\m¬ AXns‚ ]cnWnX ^ew

A\p`hnt°≠XpamWv (H.t\m. hm. 10; bmt°m_v 2:10)!

""\ymb{]amWØm¬ A√msX'' ""hkvXpXm hncp≤w'' F∂p hnfn°p∂ c≠mw Xcw tkm]m[nI

hmNIamWnXv. ]usemkn\v ]m]t_m[ap≠mbn. tdmamteJ\Øn¬ Cu hymIcW cq]Øns‚ GI

D]tbmKamWnXv. ]usemkv CXv Kem. 1:10; 3:21 epw 1 sImcn. 2:8; 5:10; 11:31; 2 sImcn. 12:11 epw

D]tbmKn°p∂p≠v.

""tamln°cpXv'' ]Øp Iev]\Ifnse Ahkm\ Iev]\bmWnXv (H.t\m. ]pd. 20:17; Bh. 5:21). Cu

Ahkm\ Iev]\ icnbmb at\m`mhØn¬ {i≤ tI{μoIcn°p∂Xn\m¬ AhbpsS F√m‰ns‚bpw

BsIØpIbmWv (H.t\m. aØmbn 5˛7). \ymb{]amWsØ ]et∏mgpw ""Iev]\'' F∂p hntijn∏n®n´p≠v

(H.t\m. hm. 8,9,11,12,13).

""tamln°pI'' F∂ ]ZØn\¿∞w ""Hcphs‚ lrZbw ]Xn∏n°pI'' As√¶n¬ ""i‡ambn B{Kln-

°pI'' F∂mWv. ssZhw krjvSn∏neqsS a\pjy\v (\jvSs∏´h¿°pw c£n°s∏´h¿°pw) At\I \√

Imcyßƒ \evInbn´ps≠¶nepw a\pjy\v ssZhZØamb AXncpIƒ°∏pdØp\n∂pw ssZhnI Zm\ßƒ

Ih¿s∂Sp°phm\p≈ t{]cWbmWp≈Xv. ""F¥phne sImSpØpw F\n°v IqSpX¬˛IqSpX¬'' F∂XmWv

ap{ZmhmIyw. kzbw F∂Xv `oIc\mb GIm[n]XnbmWv. 13:8˛9 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: ]pd∏mSv 20:17

s\°pdn®p≈ Ipdn∏pIƒ, ImWp-I.

151

7:8

NASB, NKJV ""Ahkcw e`n®n´p ''

NRSV ""Ahkcw Ih¿s∂SpØv''

TEV ""AXns‚ Ahkcw Is≠Øn''

NJB ""apXseSpØvv''

{]h¿Ø\ tI{μsØ kqNn∏n°p∂Xn\p≈ Hcp ssk\nI ]ZamWnXv (H.t\m. hm. 8,11). CXnhnsS

BfØ]cam°nbncn°p∂p (H.t\m. hm. 9,11). Hcp ssk\nI t\Xmhn\m¬ \bn°s∏Sp∂ (H.t\m. hm.

11,17; 6:12,14,16) ssk\nI \o°tØmSmWv ]m]sØ D]an®ncn°p∂Xv (H.t\m. hm. 11).

""\ymb{]amWw IqSmsX ]m]w \n¿÷o-hamIp∂p'' ssZhlnXØns\Xncmb a’camWv ]m]w

(H.t\m. tdma. 4:15; 5:13; 1 sImcn. 15:56). Cu {]tbmKØn¬ {Inb C√; HscÆw \¬tI≠Xp≠v. Hcph≥

h¿Øam\Imew \¬Inbm¬, CsXmcp km¿ΔeuInI XXzamsW∂p hcpw. `qXImew \¬Inbm¬ CXv

]usemkns‚ PohnXsØ am{Xw _m[n°p∂XmsW∂p hcpw.

7:9 ""Rm≥ ... Pohn®ncp∂p'' CXp kqNn∏n°p∂Xv ]usemkv (1) \njv]m] ImeØn¬ (AXmbXv

_¿˛an‰vkzmlv) Hcp iniphmbncp∂p As√¶n¬ (2) kphntijw Ahs‚ lrZbØn¬ {]thin°pwapºv

Hcp ka¿∏nX ]coi\mbncp∂p (H.t\m. {]hr. 23:1; ^nen. 3:6; 2 Xnsam. 1:3). H∂matØXv {]Xn\n[o-

Icn°p∂Xv A[ymbw 7 s‚ ""BflIYm]camb kn≤m¥''sØbpw c≠matØXv A[ymbw 7 s‚

""{]mXn\n[y kn≤m¥sØ''bpamWv.

""Iev]\ h∂t∏mƒ ]m]w ho≠pw Pohn°bpw Rm≥ acn°bpw sNbvXp'' a\pjyh¿§Øns‚

a’c Bflmhv hne°pIfm¬ Du¿÷kzeambn. ssZhnI {]amWØns‚ ""AcpXp''Iƒ hoWpt]mb

a\pjys‚ kzb˛tI{μoIrX K¿ΔsØ i‡ns∏SpØp (H.t\m. Dev]. 2:16˛17; 3:1˛6). 5:21 sebpw 7:8,11,17,20

sebpw t]mse ]m]sØ XpS¿∂pw BfØ]cam°nbncn°p∂Xv {i≤n°pI.

7:10 ""Poh\mbn e`n®ncp∂ Iev]\ F\n°p acWtlXphmbnØo¿∂p F∂p Rm≥ I≠p'' CXp

tehy. 18:5; Bh. 4:1 As√¶n¬ tdma. 2:13 se hmKvZØsØ°pdn®p≈ ]cma¿iambncn°mw. \ymb{]amWw

AXn\p \nh¿Øn°m≥ km[n°mØ hmKvZØamWp \evInbXv; AXv \ymb{]amWw ]m]]¶neambXp-

sIm≠√, adn®v a\pjy≥ _elo\\pw a’cnbpw BbXpsIm≠mWv. \ymb{]amWw acWhn[n Bbn-

Øo¿∂p (H.t\m. Kem. 3:13; Fs^. 2:15; sImsem. 2:14).

7:10 ""Fs∂ NXn°bpw sIm√pIbpw sNbvXp'' CXp c≠pw `qXIme I¿Øcn kqNI {InbIfmWv.

""NXn°pI'' F∂ Cu ]Zw sk]v‰zPn‚n¬ Dev]. 3:13 ¬ k¿∏w lΔmsb NXn®Xn\v D]tbmKn®ncn°p∂p.

]usemkv Cu {Inbm]Zw \nch[n {]mhiyw D]tbmKn®n´p≠v (H.t\m. tdma. 16:18; 1 sImcn. 3:18; 2 sImcn.

11:3; 2 sX . 2:3; 1 Xnsam. 2:14). BZmapw lΔmbpw ssZhnI Iev]\tbmSv (Ct∏mƒ \ymb{]amWØn¬

shfns∏SpØs∏´, H.t\m. 1 sImcn. 15:56) A\pkcWt°Sv ImWn®Xn\m¬ BflnIambn acn®p. AXpt]mse

]usemkpw kIe a\pjycpw (1:18˛3:20).

7:12 \ymb{]amWw \√XmsW∂p≈ ]usemkns‚ ÿncoIcWamWnXv. AX√ {]iv\w. F∂ncp∂mepw

A[ymbw 6¬ ""]m]w'', A[ymbw 7 ¬ ""\ymb{]amWw'' F∂nßs\ D]tbmKn®ncn°p∂ ]usemkns‚

kam¥c LS\, aXhmZnIfmb tdmam k`bnse sblqZ hnizmknIsf (14:1˛15:13 se _elo\ hnizmkn-

Iƒ) sR´n®ncn°mw.

tdma¿ 7:1313F∂m¬ \∑bmbp≈Xp F\n°p acWImcWambnØo¿∂p Ft∂m? Hcp\mfpw AcpXp,

]m]at{X acWambnØo¿∂Xp; AXp \∑bmbp≈Xns\s°m≠p F\n°p acWw Dfhm°p∂-

Xn\m¬ ]m]w F∂p sXfntb≠Xn∂pw Iev]\bm¬ AXy¥w ]m]ambnØotc≠Xn∂pw Xt∂.

7:13

NASB ""AXp ... ]m]w F∂p sXfntb≠Xn∂pw ... AXy¥w ]m]ambnØotc≠Xn∂pw Xt∂''

NKJV ""AXp ... ]m]w F∂p shfns∏tS≠Xn∂pw ... AXy¥w ]m]ambnØotc≠Xn∂pw Xt∂''

NRSV ""AXp ... ]m]w F∂p ImWnt°≠Xn∂pw ... Afhn√mØhn[w ]m]amtI≠Xn∂pw Xt∂''

TEV ""]m]w F∂ \nebnep≈ AXns‚ bYm¿∞ kz`mhw shfns∏tS≠Xn∂v''

NJB ""]m]w AXns‚ icnbmb \ndw ImWnt°≠Xn\pw ... AXns‚ apgph≥ ]m]i‡nbpw

{]ISn∏nt°≠Xn∂pw''

]m]Øns‚ ZpjvS kz`mhw shfns∏Sp∂Xv, AXv \√Xpw ]q¿Æhpw ssZhnIhpamb \ymb{]amWw

t]msebp≈ H∂ns\ (H.t\m. k¶o. 19, 119) FSpØv AXns\ \ymbhn[nbpsSbpw acWØns‚bpw

152

D]IcWam°n hfs®mSn°p∂p (Fs^. 2:15; sImsem. 2:14) F∂ hkvXpXbnemWv. hoWpt]mb

a\pjyh¿§w ssZhw \evInb kIe Zm\ßsfbpw AXns‚ ssZh\nbp‡ AXncpIƒ°∏pdtØ°v

FSpØp!

""AXn∂pw'' ""th≠n'' F∂p X¿÷a sNømhp∂ c≠v ln\m (Dt±iyw) {Inbm_‘ßƒ ImWpI.

KXnIƒ FgpØpImcs‚ Dt±iysØ \nh¿Øn°p∂p.

""AXy¥w ]m]ambnØotc≠Xn∂pw'' 1:30 se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw: ""lqs]¿'' kwbp-‡-Øns‚

D]-tbmKw ]usem-kns‚ cN-\-I-fn¬, ImWpI. 16:20 se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw: BfØ]camb ZpjvSX,

ImWpI.

tdma¿ 7:14˛2014\ymb{]amWw BflnIw F∂p \mw Adnbp∂pht√m; Rmt\m PUab≥, ]m]Øn∂p Zmk-

\mbn hnev°s∏´h≥ Xt∂. 15Rm≥ {]h¿Øn°p∂Xp Rm≥ Adnbp∂n√; Rm≥ C—n°p∂-

Xns\b√, ]sI°p∂Xns\ At{X sNøp∂Xp. 16Rm≥ C—n°mØXns\ sNøp∂p F¶ntem

\ymb{]amWw \√Xp F∂p Rm≥ kΩXn°p∂p. 17BIbm¬ AXns\ {]h¿Øn°p∂Xp Rm\√

F∂n¬ hkn°p∂ ]m]at{X. 18F∂n¬ F∂psh®m¬ Fs‚ PUØn¬ \∑ hkn°p∂n√ F∂p

Rm≥ Adnbp∂p; \∑ sNbvhm\p≈ Xmev]cyw F\n°p≠p; {]h¿Øn°p∂tXm C√. 19Rm≥

sNbvhm≥ C—n°p∂ \∑ sNøp∂n√t√m; C—n°mØ Xn∑bt{X {]h¿Øn°p∂Xp. 20Rm≥

C—n°mØXns\ sNøp∂p F¶ntem AXns\ {]h¿Øn°p∂Xp Rm\√ F∂n¬ hkn°p∂

]m]at{X.

7:14 ""\ymb{]amWw BflnIw'' ssZh-Øns‚ {]amWw \√XmWv. AX√ {]iv\w (H.t\m. hm. 12& 15a).

""Rmt\m PUab≥'' ]usemkv Cu ]Zw D]tbmKn°p∂Xv, (1) ùXnI icocw F∂ A¿∞Øn¬

\njv]£ambn (H.t\m. 1:3; 2:28; 4:1; 9:3,5); (2) a\pjyh¿§Øn\v BZmaneqsS e`n® hoWpt]mb

{]IrXnsb°pdn®p≈ s\K‰ohv kqN\ (H.t\m. hm. 5). ChnsS GXmWv kqNn∏n°p∂Xv F∂p \n›ban√.

""]m]Øn∂p Zmk-\mbn hnev°s∏´h≥'' CXv ""Rm≥ ]m]Øn\p Zmk\mbn hnev°s∏SpIbpw XpS¿-

am\ambn hnev°s∏´psIm≠ncn°bpw sNøp∂p'' F∂¿∞w hcp∂ ]q¿Æ I¿ΩWn A]q¿Æ{InbbmWv.

ChnsS ]m]Øn\v ho≠pw ASnabpsS bPam\≥ F∂ \nebn¬ BfXzw Iev]n®ncn°p∂p. I¿ΩWn

{]tbmKØns‚ a[yh¿Øn Bsc∂v \n›ban√. AXv kmØmt\m ]m]tam ]usemtkm ssZhtam BImw.

]gb\nbaØn¬ ssZhw a\pjys\ X¶te°v ASp∏n°p∂p F∂Xn\p≈ apJy {]tbmKw ""hos≠Sp-

°pI'' (AXns‚ ]cymbßfpw) BWv. AXns‚ bYm¿∞ A¿∞w ""aS°n hmßpI'' F∂mWv (AXns‚

]cymbßfpw, 3:24 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWp-I.). ChnsS D]tbmKn®ncn°p∂ {]tbmKw hn]coX

BibamWv ""...Iønte°v hnev°s∏ńcn°p∂p'' (H.t\m. \ymbm. 4:2; 10:7; 1 iaq. 12:9).

7:15˛24 ssZhss]Xen\v ssZhnI kz`mhhpw (H.t\m. 2 ]s{Xm. 1:4) hogvN kw`hn® kz`mhhpap≠v (H.t\m.

Kem. 5:17). km[yXm]cambn ]m]w \njv{Inbam°s∏ńcn°p∂p (H.t\m. tdma. 6:6), F¶nepw a\pjys‚

A\p`hw A[ymbw 7 ¬ ImWp∂XmWv. kIe a\pjycpsSbpw D≈n¬ Hcp IdpØ \mbpw shfpØ

\mbpw Ds≠∂v sblqZ∑m¿ ]dbp∂p. \mw GXn\v IqSpX¬ Xo‰ sImSp°p∂pthm AXv hepXmbnØocpw.

Rm≥ Cu `mKw hmbn°ptºmƒ Rm≥ Fs‚ hy‡n]camb A\p`hØn¬, ]usemkv hnhcn°p∂

c≠p hyXykvX kz`mhØns‚ kwL¿jw Dfhm°p∂ thZ\ A\p`hn°mdp≠v. hnizmknIƒ XßfpsS

hogvN kw`hn® {]IrXØn¬\n∂pw hnSphn°s∏´p, F¶nepw \mw AXns‚ BI¿jWØn\v XpS¿am\ambn

hnt[bs∏´pt]mIp∂p. i‡amb BflnI t]mcm´w Bcw`n°p∂Xv c£n°s∏´Xn\p-tijamWv F∂Xv

AXnibIcamwhn[w kXyamWv. ]IzX F∂Xv {XntbI ssZhhpambp≈ kwL¿j`cnXamb ssZ\wZn\

Iq´mbvabpw ZpjvSXbpambp≈ ssZ\wZn\ t]mcm´hpamWv (H.t\m. 8:12˛25,25; Kem. 5:16˛18; Fs^. 6:10˛18;

sImsem. 3:5˛10; sP. Un. U¨ FgpXnb Pokkv B≥Uv Z kv]ncn‰v ImWpI).

7:16,20 ""F¶ntem'' CXv Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚ ho£-W-Øn¬ kXy-am-btXm As√-¶n¬ Ahs‚ cN-t\m-t±-iy-

Øn\p th≠n-bp-≈tXm Bb H∂mwXcw tkm]m-[nI hmN-I-am-Wv.

7:18 ""F∂n¬ F∂psh®m¬ Fs‚ PUØn¬ \∑ hkn°p∂n√ F∂p Rm≥ Adnbp∂p'' ùXnI

icocw Xn∑bmsW∂√ ]usemkv ]dbp∂Xv, adn®v hoWpt]mb {]IrXhpw ssZhmflmhpw XΩnep≈

t]mcm´Øns‚ thZnbmWXv F∂mWv. icocw, a‰p kIe hkvXp°tfmSpsam∏w Xn∑bmsW∂v {Ko°pIm¿

hnizkn®p. CXv ⁄m\hmZw F∂ ssZzX Zpcp]tZiØnte°p \bn®p (H.t\m. Fs^ky¿, sImsemky¿,

1 tbml∂m≥). Bflob {]iv\ßƒ°v {Ko°pIm¿ ""ùXnI''sØ ]gn Nmcn. ]usemkv BflnI kwL¿-

jsØ Cu \nebn¬ A√ ImWp∂Xv. Ah≥ ]m]sØ BfXz]cam°pIbpw ssZhnI \ymb{]amW-

153

Øns\Xncmb a\pjys‚ a’csØ D]tbmKn°pIbpw sNbvXv a\pjy{]IrXnbnte°p≈ ZpjvSXbpsS

IS∂pIb‰sØ°pdn®v hnhcn°m\mWv. ]usemkns‚ FgpØpIfn¬ ""PUw'' F∂Xv A¿∞am°p∂Xv

(1) km[mcWbmbn \njv]£amb ùXnI icocw (H.t\m. 1:3; 2:28; 4:1; 9:3,5), (2) BZman¬\n∂pw e`n®

hoWpt]mb a\pjy{]IrXn (H.t\m. hm. 5). 1:5 se {]tXI ]T\hnjbw: PUw (km¿Ivkv- ˛ sarx),ImWpI.

5:8 ""F∂n¬ hkn°p∂ ]m]at{X'' tdmamteJ\w a\pjyh¿§Øns‚ ]m]{]IrXnsb hy‡ambn

shfns∏SpØp∂p F¶nepw 16:20 hsc kmØms\°pdn®v ]cma¿ian√ F∂Xv Xmev]cyP\IamWv.

a\pjys\ XßfpsS ]m] {]iv\Øn\v kmØms\ ]gnNmcm\mhn√. \ap°p Xncs™Sp∏n\v Ahkcap≠v.

]m]sØ Hcp cmPmhpw òIc bPam\\pw ASnabpsS DSaÿ\pambn BfXzw Iev]n®ncn°p∂p. AXv

F¥p hnesImSpØpw ssZhØn¬ \n∂pw kzmX{¥yw {]m]n°m≥ \sΩ ]co£n°pIbpw t{]cn∏n°pI-

bpw sNøp∂p. ]usemkv ]m]Øn\v BfXzw Iev]n®ncn°p∂Xv Dev]. 4:7 se a\pjys‚ Xncs™Sp∏pambn

_‘n∏n®ncn°p∂p.

""hkn°pI'' F∂ ]Zw ]usemkv ]e{]mhiyw Cu A[ymbØn¬ D]tbmKn®n´p≠v (H.t\m. hm.

17,18,20). c£bn¬ ]m]{]IrXn \in∏n°s∏SpItbm \o°w sNøs∏SpItbm sNøp∂n√, adn®v km[yXm-

]cambn \njv{Inbam°s∏SpIbmWv. AXns‚ XpS¿am\amb i‡nlo\X km[yamIp∂Xv A[nhkn°p∂

]cnip≤mflmhpambp≈ \ΩpsS klIcWØns‚ ASnÿm\Ønembncn°pw (H.t\m. 8:9,11). BfØ]c-

ambXpw (B£cnIw) hy‡nbpamb (kmØm\pw ss]imNnI i‡nIfpw) ZpjvSXtbmSv t]mcmSphm≥

BhiyambsX√mw ssZhw hnizmknIƒ°p \evInbn´p≠v. AXv ]cnip≤mflmhns‚ km∂n[yhpw

i‡nbpamWv. \mw ssZhØns‚ kuP\y Zm\amb c£ kzoIcn°ptºmƒ, \mw ssZhØns‚ kuP\y

Zm\amb ]cnip≤mflmhns‚ i‡nbpw kzoIcn°pIbmWv sNøp∂Xv. c£bpw {InkvXob PohnXhpw

hnizmknbpsS ssZ\wZn\ Xocpam\ßfpsS ASnÿm\Øn¬ Bcw`n°pIbpw Ahkm\n°pIbpw sNøp∂

ssZ\wZn\ {]{InbbmWv. \ap°mhiyambsX√mw ssZhw {]Zm\w sNbvXn´p≠v ˛ Bflmhv (tdma¿ 8),

BflnI Bbp[h¿§w (Fs^. 6:11), shfn∏mSv (Fs^. 6:17), {]m¿∞\ (Fs^. 6:18).

bp≤w ITn\amWv (tdma¿ 7) F¶nepw bp≤w Pbn®pIgn™p (tdma¿ 8).

tdma¿ 7:21˛2521Aßs\ \∑ sNbvhm≥ C—n°p∂ Rm≥ Xn∑ Fs‚ ]°¬ D≠p Fs∂mcp {]amWw

ImWp∂p. 22D≈w sIm≠p Rm≥ ssZhØns‚ \ymb{]amWØn¬ ckn°p∂p. 23F¶nepw Fs‚

_p≤nbpsS {]amWtØmSp t]mcmSp∂ thsdmcp {]amWw Rm≥ Fs‚ Ahbhßfn¬ ImWp∂p;

AXp Fs‚ Ahbhßfnep≈ ]m]{]amWØn∂p Fs∂ _≤\m°n°fbp∂p. 24Atøm, Rm≥

Acn„a\pjy≥! Cu acWØn∂p A[o\amb icocØn¬\n∂p Fs∂ B¿ hnSphn°pw? 25\ΩpsS

I¿Ømhmb tbip {InkvXp apJm¥cw Rm≥ ssZhØn∂p kvtXm{Xw sNøp∂p. Cßs\ Rm≥

Xt∂ _p≤nsIm≠p ssZhØns‚ {]amWsØbpw PUwsIm≠p ]m]Øns‚ {]amWsØbpw

tkhn°p∂p.

7:22 ""ssZhØns‚ \ymb{]amWØn¬'' sblqZs\ kw_‘n®v CXp tamsibpsS \ymb{]amWamWv.

sblqZc√mØh¿°v CXv

1. {]IrXnbpsS km£yw (H.t\m. tdma. 1:19˛20; k¶o. 19:1˛6)

2. B¥cnI [m¿ΩnI a\ m£n (H.t\m. tdma. 2:14˛15)

3. kmaqlnI \nbaßƒ, N´ßƒ

NASB ""B¥cnI a\pjy≥''

NKJV ""B¥cnI a\pjy\\pkcn®v''

NRSV, NJB ""Fs‚ AIsØ a\pjy≥''

TEV ""Fs‚ D≈w''

2 sImcn. 4:16 ¬ ]usemkv _mlya\pjys\bpw (ùXnIw) B¥cnI a\pjys\bpw (BflnIw)

XmcXays∏SpØp∂p. Cu kμ¿`Øn¬ CXv ]usemkns‚ Hcp `mKsØtbm As√¶n¬ ssZhnI lnX-

sØbpw {]amWsØbpw AwKoIcn°p∂ c£n°s∏´ a\pjyh¿§sØtbm kqNn∏n°p∂p.

1. ""\ymb{]amWw BflnIw,'' 7:14

2. ""Rm≥ C—n°p∂Xns\ A√,'' 7:15

3. ""\ymb{]amWw \√Xv F∂p Rm≥ kΩXn°p∂p,'' 7:16

4. ""\∑ sNbvhm\p≈ Xmev]cyw F\n°p≠v,'' 7:18

5. ""C—n°p∂ \∑,'' 7:19

154

6. ""C—n°mØ Xn∑bt{X {]h¿Øn°p∂Xv,'' 7:19

7. ""C—n°mØXns\ sNøp∂p F¶ntem,'' 7:20

8. ""\∑ sNbvhm≥ C—n°p∂,'' 7:21

9. ""Rm≥ ssZhØns‚ \ymb{]amWØn¬ ckn°p∂p,'' 7:22

10. ""Fs‚ _p≤nbpsS {]amWw,'' 7:23

11. ""_p≤nsIm≠v ssZhØns‚ {]amWsØ .. tkhn°p∂p,'' 7:25

ssZhsØ°pdn®pw Ahs‚ hN\sØ°pdn®pap≈ Adnhp am{Xw aXnbmIbn√ F∂v A[ymbw 7

shfns∏SpØp∂p. hnizmknIƒ°v Bflmhv thWw (A[ymbw 8)!

7:23 6:2; 8:2 Dw 7:23 fpw XΩn¬ IrXyamb sshcp[yap≠v. Cu hmIyw hy‡ambn kqNn∏n°p∂Xv {]amWw

(t\mtamkv) F∂ ]ZsØ ]usemkv D]tbmKn°p∂Xv (1) ]m]Øns‚ {]amWw (H.t\m. hm. 21,25), (2)

ssZhØns‚ {]amWw (H.t\m. hm. 22,25) F∂nhsb kqNn∏n°p∂Xn\mWv. apºv hm. 4,5,6,7,9,12 ¬ ]usemkv

Cu ]Zw ]gb\nbasØ kqNn∏n°phm≥ D]tbmKn®p. ]usemkv hyhÿnX ssZhimkv{X⁄\√.

Ah≥ ""\ymb{]amWw'' F∂ BibØn¬ t]mcmSpIbmWv. Hc¿∞Øn¬ AXp ssZhØns‚ shfn∏mSpw

a\pjyh¿§Øn∂p≈ AXnibIcamb Zm\hpamWv, F¶nepw as‰mc¿∞Øn¬ AXv ]m]sØ \n¿hNn°p-

∂-Xpw hoWpt]mb a\pjyh¿§Øn\v ]men°m≥ IgnbmØ hne°pIƒ shbv°p∂XpamWv. Cu AXncp-

Iƒ ]gb \nba shfn∏mSpIfpw (H.t\m. k¶o. 19:7˛14; 119) kIe [m¿ΩnI \nbaßfpw, {]IrXnbnse

shfn∏mSpw (H.t\m. k¶o. 19:1˛6; tdma. 1:18˛3:31) kmaqlnI \nbaßfpw BWv. kz¥ PohnXßƒ°p

\nb{¥Wamhiyap≈ a’cnIfmWv a\pjy¿.

7:24 CXv c£n°s∏´ Hcp hy‡nbn¬ \n∂p≈ {]kvXmh\ Bbncn°m≥ Ignbptam? Nne¿ ]dbpw A√

F∂v. AXn\m¬ Cu A[ymbw hos≠Sp°s∏SmØXpw F∂m¬ [m¿ΩnIhpw aX]chpamb A\p`mhap≈

a\pjys\°pdn®p≈XmsW∂mWv. a‰p≈h¿ AtX F∂p ]dbpIbpw CXv hnizmknIfpsS PohnXØn¬

ImWp∂ ""h∂pIgn™p ]t£ Bbnń√'' F∂ kphntijØns‚ kwL¿jsØ kqNn∏n°p∂psh∂pw

]dbp∂p. A¥yIme \nhrØn C\nbpw Bbnń√. ]IzX {]m]n® hnizmknIƒ Cu hnShv hy‡ambn

a\ nem°p∂p.

NASB ""Cu acWØns‚ Cu icocw''

NKJV, NRSV ""acWØns‚ Cu icocw''

TEV ""Fs∂ acWØnte°p \bn°p∂ Cu icocw''

NJB ""acWØn\p A[o\amb Cu icocw''

ùXnI icochpw a\ pw AXn¬Xs∂ Xn∑b√. Cu `qanbn¬ Pohn°phm\pw Aht\mSp Iq´mbva

BNcn°phm\pwth≠n ssZhØm¬ krjvSn°s∏´XmWXv. Ah ""F{Xbpw \√Xv'' Bbn krjvSn°s∏´-

XmWv (H.t\m. Dev]. 1:31). F∂m¬ Dev]Øn 3 a\p-jy-Ip-e-sØbpw Cu {Kl-sØbpw am‰n-a-dn-®p. CX√

ssZhw B{K-ln® temIhpw a\p-jy≥ F{]-Im-c-am-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂v ssZhw B{K-ln-®pthm A{]-Im-c-a-√ -

a\p-jycpw. ]m]w \√-Xns\ FSpØv AXns\ hf-s®m-Sn®v kzb- -tI-{μo-IrX ZpjvS-X-bm-°n. ico-chpw a\ pw

]co£bp-sSbpw ]m]-Øn-s‚bpw bp≤-`q-an-bmbn amdn. ]usemkv bp≤w IrXy-ambn A\p-`-hn-®-dn-™p.

Ah≥ ]pXnb bpK-Øn\pw ]pXnb ico-c-Øn\pw ssZh-hp-ambn Iq´m-bvabv°pw th≠n B{K-ln®p (H.-t\m.

8:23).

7:25 CXv Hcp kw{K-lhpw tdma¿ 8 se D∂X ÿm\-tØ-°p≈ am‰-hp-am-Wv. F¶nepw A[ymbw 8 ¬t]mepw

hm. 5-˛11 ¬ Ipd®p kwL¿jw ImWmw.

hymJym-Xm-°-fpsS tNmZyw Bsc-°p-dn-®mWv ]usemkv kwkm-cn-°p-∂Xv F-∂-Xn-\p- Np‰pw Id-ßn-

s°m-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.

1. Xs∂-°p-dn®pw sblq-Z-a-X-Ønse Xs‚ A\p-`-h-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw

2. kIe hnizm-kn-I-sf-bpw-Ip-dn®v

3. a\p-jy-h¿§-Øns‚ amXr-I-bmb BZm-an-s\-°p-dn®v

4. bn{km-tbepw \ymb{]-am-W-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Ah-fpsS Adnhpw F∂m¬ AXv A\p-k-cn-°p-∂-Xn-

\p≈ ]cm-P-bhpw

hy‡n-]-c-ambn Rm≥ #1 s\bpw (H.-t\m. hm. 7˛13, 25b) #2 s\bpw (hm. 14-˛25a) Hcp-an®p tN¿°p∂p. tdma.

7:7˛25 s‚ ]›m-Øe Dƒ°m-gvN-Iƒ ImWp-I. A[ymbw 7 s‚ thZ-\bpw Xo{h-amb Rc-°hpw A[ymbw

8 \m¬ k¥p-en-X-am-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw -A-Xn-Po-hn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp∂p!

""ssZhØn∂p kvtXm{Xw sNøp∂p'' Xmsg-s°m-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂ {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWp-I.

155

{]tXyI ]T\-hn-jbw: ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ ]usem-kns‚

kvXpXn, {]m¿∞-\, \μn-I-tc-‰¬]usemkv kvXpXn-bpsS a\p-jy-\m-bn-cp-∂p. Ah\v ]g-b-\n-baw Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-∂p. k¶o¿Ø-\-

Øns‚ \mep ]pkvX-I-ß-fp-sSbpw Ah-km\ `mKw al-Xzo-I-c-a-tØm-sS-bmWv Ah-km-\n-®n-cp-∂Xv (H.-

t\m. k¶o. 41:13; 72;19; 89:52; 106:48). Ah≥ ssZhsØ hyXykvX \ne-I-fn¬ kvXpXn-°p-Ibpw al-Xz-

s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

1. Ahs‚ teJ-\-ßfpsS {]mcw` JWvUn-I-Iƒ

a. {]mcw` Bin¿hmZw As√-¶n¬ A`n-hm-Z\w (H.-t\m. tdma. 1:7; 1 sImcn. 1:3; 2 sImcn. 1:2)

b. {]mcw` A\p-{Klw (bqtem-sK-t‰m-kv ˛eulogetojeulogetojeulogetojeulogetojeulogetoj, H.-t\m. 2 sImcn. 1:3˛4; Fs^. 1:3˛14)

2. {lkz kvXpXn Itc-‰¬

a. tdma. 1:25; 9:5

b. 2 sImcn. 11:31

3. al-Xzo-I-cWw ([1] tUmIvkm˛doxadoxadoxadoxadoxa {AXm-bXv alXzw} [2] ""Fs∂-t∂°pw'' F∂o ]Z-ß-

fpsS khn-tij D]-tbm-Kw)

a. tdma. 11:36; 16:25-˛27

b. Fs^. 3:20-˛21

c. ^nen. 4:20

d. 1 Xnsam. 1:17

e. 2 Xnsam. 4:18

4. \μnItc-‰¬ (A-Xm. bp°m-dn-sÃ-tbm˛eucaristeweucaristeweucaristeweucaristeweucaristew)

a. teJ-\m-cw`w (H.-t\m. tdma. 1:8; 1 sImcn. 1:4; 2 sImcn. 1:11; Fs^. 1:16; ^nen. 1:3; sImsem.

1:3,12; 1 sX . 1:2; 2 sX . 1:3; ^ntesam≥ hm. 5; 1 Xnsam. 1:12; 2 Xnsam. 1:3)

b. \μn-I-tc-‰m-\p≈ Blzm-\w (Fs^. 5:4,20; ^nen. 4:6; sImsem. 3:15,17; 4:2; 1 sX . 5:18)

5. \μn-I-tc-‰-ens‚ sNdnb s]m´n-sØ-dn-Iƒ

a. tdma. 6:17; 7:25

b. 1 sImcn. 15:57

c. 2 sImcn. 2:14; 8:16; 9:15

d. 1 sX . 2:13

e. 2 sX . 2:13

6. D]-kw-lmc Biw-k-Iƒ

a. tdma. 16:20,24(?)

b. 1 sImcn. 16:23-˛24

c. 2 sImcn. 13:14

d. Kem. 6:18

e. Fs^. 6:24

]usemkv {XntbI ssZhsØ ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-ambpw A\p-`-h-Øn-eq-sSbpw Adn-™n-cp-∂p. Xs‚

Fgp-Øp-Iƒ Ah≥ {]m¿∞-\tbmsSbpw kvXpXn-tbm-sSbpw Bcw-`n-®ncp-∂p. Xs‚ Ah-X-c-W-Øns‚

a[y-Øn¬ Ah≥ kvXpXnbnte°pw \μn-I-tc-‰-en-te°pw hgn-am-dn. Xs‚ teJ-\-ß-fpsS D]-kw-lm-c-

Øn¬ Ah≥ F√m-bvt]mgpw {]m¿∞n-°p-hm\pw kvXpXn-°p-hm\pw ssZh-Øn\p \μnI-tc-‰p-hm\pw Hm¿Ωn-

®n-cp-∂p. ]usem-kns‚ teJ-\-ßƒ {]m¿∞-\bpw kvXpXnbpw \μn-I-tc-‰epw \niz-kn-®n-cp-∂p. Ah≥

ssZhsØ Adn-™n-cp-∂p, Ah≥ Xs∂ Adn-™n-cp-∂p, Ah≥ kphn-tijsØ Adn-™n-cp∂p.






156




1. A[ymbw 6 Fßs\bmWv A[ymbw 7 t\mSp _‘s∏´ncn°p∂Xv?

2. ]gb \nba \ymb-{]-am-W-Øn\v ]pXnb\nba hnizm-kn-I-tfm-Sp≈ _‘w F¥mWv (H.-t\m. 2 sImcn.

3:1˛11)?

3. \ap°v \ΩpsS ]gb a\p-jy-t\m-Sp≈ _‘w kqNn-∏n-°p-hm≥ ]usemkv 6, 7 A[ym-b-ß-fn¬ D]-

tbm-Kn-°p∂ c≠v kmZr-iy-ßƒ GsX√mw?

4. hnizmkn Fß-s\-bmWv tamssiI \ymb-{]-am-WtØmSv _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂Xv?

5. tdma¿ 7:7˛25 hymJym-\n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Bfl-I-Ym-]-camb kn≤m-¥hpw {]mXn-\n-[y-]-camb kn≤m-

¥hpw XΩn-ep≈ hyXymkw \nß-fpsS hm°p-I-fn¬ hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-I.

6. A[ymbw 7 \jvS-s∏´ Hcp a\p-jys\°p-dn-®p≈ hnh-c-W-amtWm, A]-Iz-X-bp≈ Hcp hnizm-kn-sb-

°p-dn-®p≈ hnh-c-W-am-tWm, AtXm kIe hnizm-kn-I-sf-°p-dn-®p-ap≈ hnh-c-W-amtWm?

157

Bflm-hn-ep≈ B¥-cnI ]m] ssZh-Øns‚ c£m Bflm-hn-ep≈ Bflm-hns‚

PohnXw Øn¬ \n∂p≈ Ic {]hrØn PohnXw PohnXw

hnSp-X¬

8:1˛11 8:1˛11 8:1˛4 8:1˛8 8:1˛11

PU-Øn-sebpw

Bflm-hn-sebpw

PohnXw

8:5˛8

8:9˛11 8:9˛11

Bflmhpw ZsØ

Sp°epw

8:12-˛17 8:12-˛17 8:12-˛17 8:12-˛17 8:12-˛13

ssZh-a-°ƒ

8:14-˛17

hcphm-\p≈ IjvS-X-bn¬ \n∂p ]q¿Øo-I-c-W `mhn alXzw \ΩpsS A¥y

alXzw al-Xz-Øn-te°v Øns‚ {]Xymi amb alXzw

8:18˛25 8:18˛30 8:18˛25 8:18˛25 8:18˛25

am\p-jnI _elo

\X \ne-\n-ev°p∂p

8:26-˛30 8:26-˛27 8:26-˛27 8:26-˛27

ssZhw Xs‚

]¶n-Sp-hm≥ \sΩ

hnfn-®n-cn-°p∂p

8:28-˛30 8:28-˛30 8:28-˛30

ssZh-Øns‚ ssZh-Øns‚ ssZh-kvt\-lØn {InkvXp-tb-iphn ssZh-kvt\-lØn

kvt\lw \nXy-kvt\lw ep≈ \ΩpsS Dd∏v ep≈ ssZh-kvt\lw s‚ ]m´v

8:31-˛39 8:31-˛39 8:31-˛39 8:31-˛39 8:31-˛39
















4. BZnbmbh

158

]›m-Øe Dƒ°m-gvN-IƒA. Cu A[ymbw, 1:18 ¬ Bcw-`n® ]usem-kns‚ hmZ-Øns‚ aq¿≤-\y-am-Wv. CXv ""in£m-hn-[n-bn√''

(\n-b-a-]-c-amb \nev]v) F∂Xn¬ Bcw-`n®v ""th¿]n-cn-°m-\m-hn√'' (hy-‡n-]-c-amb Iq´m-bva) F∂-

Xn¬ Ah-km-\n-°p-∂p. ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-am-bn, AXv \oXo-I-c-W-Øn-em-cw-`n®v hnip-≤o-I-c-W-Øn-

eqsS alXzoI-c-W-Øn-se-Øp∂p (H.-t\m. hm. 29-˛30).

B. ssZhw Xs‚ Bflm-hns\ hnizm-kn-Iƒ°p \evIn-b-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ ]usem-kns‚ ssZh-im-kv{X-

]-c-amb hni-Zo-I-c-W-am-WnXv (H.-t\m. tbml. 14:12-˛31; 16:7˛16 ¬ tbml-∂ms‚ Ah-X-c-Ww). hoWp-

t]mb a\p-jy-h¿§-Øns‚ Pohn-X-Øn¬ kphn-tijw kPo-h-ambn {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xn-t\mSp _‘-

s∏´ hm. 14 se I¿ΩWn {]tbm-K-Ønse a[y-h¿Øn Bflm-hmWv. Bflmhv Ah-tcmSp IqsS hkn-

°p-Ibpw Ah-cn¬ hkn-°p-Ibpw Ah-cn¬ {InkvXp-hns‚ kmZr-iyw -D-f-hm-°p-hm≥ Bcw-`n-°p-Ibpw

sNøp-∂p.

C. Pohn-X-Øn¬ a\p-jy\p ]n¥p-S-cp-hm≥ c≠v ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Ifpw (hy-‡n-]-c-amb temI-ho-£-Ww), c≠p

Pohn-X-ssi-en-I-fpw, c≠p ap≥K-W-\-I-fpw, c≠p hgn-Ifpw (hn-ime hgnbpw CSp-ßnb hgn-bpw)

D≠v; ChnsS PUhpw Bflm-hpw. H∂p ac-W-Øn-te°p \bn-°p∂p; at‰Xp Poh-\n-te-°pw. CXns\

]c-º-cm-K-X-ambn ]g-b-\n-ba ⁄m\-km-ln-Xy-Øn¬ ""c≠p hgn-Iƒ'' F∂p hnfn-°p∂p (H.-t\m.

k¶o. 1; kZr. 4:10-˛19). \nXy-Po-h-\v, BflnI Poh\v Z¿in-°m-hp∂ khn-ti-j-X-I-fp≠v (A-Xm.

PUsØ A\p-k-cn®v x Bflm-hns\ A\p-k-cn-®v).

Cu kºq¿Æ ssZh-imkv{X kμ¿`-Øn¬ (H.-t\m. tdma¿ 1˛8) kmØms\ ]q¿Æmbn Hgn-hm-

°n-bn-cn-°p-∂Xp {i≤n-°p-I. tdmamte-J-\-Øn¬ hm. 16:20 hsc Ahs\ ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂-tX-bn-√.

a\p-jy-h¿§-Øns‚ hogvN kw -hn® {]Ir-Xn-bmWv {i≤m-tI-{μw. ssZh-Øn-s\-Xn-cmb am\-h-cm-inbpsS

a’-c-Øn\v {]Ir-Xym-XoX ]co-£sb ]gn-Nm-cp-∂-Xn-s\ (A-Xm-bXv ""]nimNv Fs∂-s°m≠v AXp

sNøn®p''-) \o°w sNøp-∂-Xn-\p≈ ]usem-kns‚ hgn-bm-WnXv. a\p-jy-h¿§-amWv DØ-c-hm-Zn-Iƒ.

D. Cu A[ym-b-Øn\v cq]-tcJ Xøm-dm-°pI hfsc {ia-I-c-am-Wv, ImcWw kmμ¿`nI LS-I-ßƒ

IqSm-sX Bh¿Øn-®p-h-cp∂ ]mt‰-Wp-I-fp≈ Nn¥-I-fpsS hyXykvX \qep-Iƒ tIm¿Øn-W-°n-bmWv

CXp s\bvXn-´p-≈-Xv.

E. hm. 12-˛17, \n›b-ap≈ hnizmk Dd-∏n-s\-°p-dn®v hnizm-kn°v Adnhp \evIp-∂p.

1. BZy-tØXv, Bflm-hn\m¬ \nh¿Øn-°-s∏´ cq]m-¥-c-s∏´ temI-ho-£-Whpw Pohn-X-ssi-en-bp-

am-Wv.

2. c≠m-a-tØXv, ssZh-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ \ΩpsS `b-Øns‚ ÿm\Øv Bflm-hn-\m¬ Hcp IpSpw-_-

kvt\lw ssIh-∂p.

3. aq∂ma-tØXv, D≈n¬ hkn-°p∂ Bflm-hn-\m¬ \ΩpsS ]p{X-Xz-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ B¥-cnI Dd∏p

e`n-®p.

4. \mem-a-tØXv, Cu ÿnco-I-c-Ww, hoWp-t]mb temI-Øns‚ {]iv\-ßƒ°pw t]mcm-´-ßƒ°pw

\Sp-hnepw Dd-∏p-≈-Xm-Wv.

F. hm. 31-˛39 Hcp tImSXn Zriy-am-Wv, AXv ]gb \nba {]hm-N-I-∑m-cpsS s]mXp-hmb cN\m kt¶-X-am-

bn-cp-∂p. ssZh-amWv \ymbm[n-]Xn; kmØm-\mWv {]Xn-tbmKn; tbip {]Xn-`mKw h°o¬ (Imcy-

ÿ≥); amem-J-am-cmWv ImgvN-°m¿; hniz-kn-°p∂ a\p-jy-h¿§w kmØm\y Btcm-]-W-ßƒ°p

hnt[-b-cmWv (A-Xm. Ctøm_v 1˛2; skJ-cymhv 3).

1. \nba ]Z-ßƒ

a. \ap-s°-Xn-cmbn (hm. 31)

b. Ip‰w hn[n-°pI (hm. 33)

c. \oXo-I-cn-°pI (hm. 33)

d. in£ hn[n-°pI (hm. 34)

e. a[y-ÿX sNøpI (hm. 34)

2. t{]mkn-Iyq-j≥, ""Bcv'' (hm. 31, 33, 34[2 {]mhiyw], 35)3. {InkvXp-hn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ Zm\w (hm. 32, 34b)

4. ssZh-Øn¬\n∂pw th¿]m-Sn√

a. `uanI kml-N-cy-ßƒ (hm. 35)

b. k¶o. 44:22 ¬\n∂p≈ ]g-b-\n-ba D≤-cWn (hm. 36)

c. hnPbw (hm. 37,39)

d. {]-Ir-Xym-XoX kml-N-cy-ßƒ AYhm a[y-h¿Øn-Iƒ (hm. 37-˛39)

159

]Z, ssieo ]T\w

tdma¿ 8:1˛81AXpsIm≠p Ct∏mƒ {InkvXptbiphnep≈h¿°p Hcp in£mhn[nbpw C√. 2Pohs‚

Bflmhns‚ {]amWw F\n°p ]m]Øns‚bpw acWØns‚bpw {]amWØn¬\n∂p

{InkvXptbiphn¬ kzmX{¥yw hcpØnbncn°p∂p. 3PUØmep≈ _elo\X\nanØw \ymb-

{]amWØn∂p Ignbm™Xns\ (km[n∏m≥) ssZhw Xs‚ ]p{Xs\ ]m]PUØns‚ kmZriy-

Ønepw ]m]w\nanØhpw Ab®p, ]m]Øn∂p PUØn¬ in£ hn[n®p. 4PUsØb√ Bflm-

hns\ At{X A\pkcn®p \S°p∂ \Ωn¬ \ymb{]amWØns‚ \oXn \nhrØn-bmtI≠Xn∂p

Xt∂. 5PUkz`mhap≈h¿ PUØn∂p≈Xpw Bflkz`mhap≈h¿ Bflm-hn∂p≈Xpw Nn¥n-

°p∂p. 6PUØns‚ Nn¥ acWw; Bflmhns‚ Nn¥tbm Poh\pw kam[m\hpw Xt∂. 7PUØns‚

Nn¥ ssZhtØmSp i{XpXzw BIp∂p; AXp ssZhØns‚ \ymb{]amWØn∂p Iogvs∏Sp∂n√,

Iogvs∏Sphm≥ Ignbp∂Xpa√. 8PUkz`mhap≈h¿°p ssZhsØ {]kmZn∏n∏m≥ Ignhn√.

8:1

NASB ""AXpsIm≠p Ct∏mƒ''

NKJV, NRSV ""Ct∏mƒ AXp-sIm≠v''

TEV ""Ct∏mƒ''

NJB ""Imc-W-Øm¬ AXp-sIm≠v''

CXv ap≥th-Z-`m-K-tØmSp _‘n-∏n-°p-∂p. Nne¿ CXns\ 7:24-˛25 t\mSp _‘n-∏n-°p-∂-Xmbn ImWp-

∂p, F¶nepw CXv 3:21˛7:25 t\mSmWv \∂mbn _‘n-∏n-°m\mhp∂Xv.

""C√'' ""C√'' F∂-XmWv {Ko°nse BZy hm°v. AXv Du∂¬ \evIp-∂-Xm-Wv, {InkvXp-hn-ep-≈-h¿°v,

Bflm-hns\ A\p-k-cn®v \S-°p-∂-h¿°v ""in£m-hn-[n-bn√'' (H.-t\m. hm. 1˛3). ]pXnb DS-º-Sn-bpsS c≠p-h-

i-ßfpw ChnsS ImWmw.

1. AXv {InkvXp-hn¬ kuP\y Zm\-amWv

2. Hcp Pohn-X-ssi-en, DS-ºSn {]Xn-I-cWw Bh-iy-amWv

\oXo-I-cWw (H.-t\m. 5:1˛11) e£ym-[n-jvTn-Xhpw (kq-N-Iw) hnj-bm-[n-jvTn-X-hp-amWv (hn-[n-cq-]w). AXv Htc-

k-abw Ah-ÿbpw Pohn-X-ssi-en-bp-am-Wv.

""Hcp in£m-hn-[nbpw'' I‰m-{Inam (katakrimakatakrimakatakrimakatakrimakatakrima) F∂ ]Zw sk]v‰z-Pn‚n¬ A[n-I-ambn D]-tbm-Kn®p

ImWp-∂n-√. F¶nepw AXv Bh. 27:26 se A\p-k-c-W-t°-Sns‚ im]sØ {]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p∂p (H.-t\m.

Kem. 3:10 ¬ Bh. 27:26 ""im]w'' F∂-Xn\p Xpey-ambn D≤-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p). CXn-\¿∞w ""\ymbm-[n-]s‚

in£m-hn-[nsbØpS¿∂p≈ in£'' F∂m-Wv. CXv \oXo-I-c-W-Øn\p hn]-co-X-ambn \nb-a-]-c-am-b-Xm-Wv.

]usem-kns‚ Fgp-Øp-I-fn¬ CXv A]q¿Δ ]Zhpw (H.-t\m. 5:16,18) ]pXnb \nb-a-Øn¬ as‰m-cn-SØpw D]-

tbm-Kn-°m-Ø-Xp-am-Wv.

in£m-hn-[n-bpsS Bibw BZy-ambn ImWp-∂Xv kmØm≥ ssZh-P-\sØbpw ]n∂oSv Ctøm-_n-s\-

t∏mse bn{km-tb-ey-c-√mØhscbpw (H.-t\m. Ctøm_v 1˛2) \ymb{]-am-W-ew-L-\-Øns‚ t]cn¬ Ip‰w

Npa-Øp-∂n-S-ØmWv. F∂m¬ Ct∏mƒ hnizm-kn-Iƒ {InkvXp-hn-t\m-Sp-IqsS \ymb{]-am-W-Øn\p acn-®n-cn-

°-bm¬ (H.-t\m. tdma¿ 6) \ymb{]-am-W-Ønt\m kmØmt\m Btcm-]Wap-∂-bn-°m≥ ASn-ÿm-\-an-√.

InwKv sPbnwkv ss__nƒ hm. 1 t\mSp-IqsS ""PUsØ A\p-k-cn®p \S-°msX Bflm-hns\ A\p-k-

cn®p \S-°p-∂h¿°v'' F∂p-IqsS tN¿Øn-cn-°p-∂p. Cu {]tbmKw ]e ]pcm-X\ {Ko°v Isø-gpØp {]Xn-

I-fnepw ImWp-∂n√. CXns‚ Hgn-hm-°-en\v UBS4 “A”td‰nwKv (Dd-∏p-≈-Xv) \evIp-∂p. hm. 4 ¬ CXp

ImWp-∂p≠v. hm. 1¬ CXp hcp-∂Xv ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-ambn XnI®pw A\p-Nn-X-am-Wv. F∂m¬ hm. 4 ¬

CXv IrXy-ambpw tbmPn-°p-∂p-ap-≠v. hm. 1˛3 ÿm\ob hnip-≤o-I-c-W-sØ-bmWv (kq-N-Iw) {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-

∂-Xv. AtX-k-abw hm. 4˛11 A\p-`h hnip-≤o-I-c-W-sØ- (6:4 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWp-I) As√-

¶n¬ {InkvXp-km-Zr-iy-sØ-bmWv (hn-[n-cq-]w, 8:29 se Ipdn∏p ImWp-I) hnh-cn-°p-∂-Xv. hneyw B¿. s\sh-

√ns‚ tdma≥kv thgvkv ss_ thgvkv t]Pv 289 se ^p´vt\m´v {i≤n-°p-I.

dnsshkvUv th¿j≥ ""PUsØ A\p-k-cn®p \S-°msX Bflm-hns\ A\p-k-cn®p \S-°p-

∂h¿°v'' F∂Xv icn-bmb coXn-bn¬ Hgn-hm°n. 300 h¿j-ßƒ°p apºv {]kn-≤o-I-cn® InwKv sP-

bnwkv th¿j\ptijw anI-®Xpw IqSp-X¬ IrXy-X-bp-≈Xpw Bb At\Iw Isø-gpØp {]XnIƒ

Is≠-Sp-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn; IqSmsX Xo£vW-X-bp≈ ssZh-`-‡-cmb Bfp-Iƒ ]I¿Øn-sb-gp-Øn¬

IS-∂p-Iq-Snb sX‰p-Iƒ Xncp-Øp∂ ITn-\hpw F∂m¬ ^e-{]-Z-hp-amb the Gs‰-Sp-°p-I-bp-ap≠m-

bn. \msa√mw Adn-bp-∂-Xp-t]mse \ap°v Xncp-sh-gp-Øns‚ aqe-Ir-Xn-Iƒ e`y-a-√; ssZhØns‚

160

]p-{X-∑m-sc-t∏mse hn{K-lm-cm-[-\bv°v hiw-h-Z-cm-Im≥ km[yXbp≈ krjvSn-I-fn¬\n∂pw CXv

ad-®p-sh-bv°p-hm≥ ssZh-Øn\p Xncp-ln-X-ambn

\mw \mep Imc-Wß-fm¬ hm. 1 ""{InkvXp-tb-ip-hn¬'' F∂-Xp-sIm≠v Ah-km-\n-∏n-°Ww:

(1) hm. 4 ¬ ""PUsØ A\p-k-cn®p \S-°msX Bflm-hns\ A\p-k-cn®p \S-°p-∂h¿°v'' F∂

hmNIw Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ sXfn-hp-Iƒ [mcmfw D≈-Xp-t]m-se-Xs∂ hm. 1 ¬ \n∂pw AXv

Hgn-hm-°p-∂-Xn\v Dt]m-Zv_-e-I-amb {Ko°p Isø-gp-Øp-{]Xn-I-fpsS sXfn-hp-Iƒ hf-sc-b-[n-I-amWv.

(2) BflnI hnth-N-\Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ t\m°n-bm-epw, Cu `mKw hm. 1 ¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-

∂Xv \ΩpsS kpc-£n-XXzw ssZhm-flm-hn¬ B{i-bn-°p-∂-Xn-√, \ΩpsS \S-∏ns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-

em-sW∂p kΩ-Xn-°p-∂-Xn\p Xpey-am-Ipw. F∂m¬ teJ-\-ß-fn-ep-S-\ofw ]Tn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse

{InkvXp-tb-ip-hn-ep≈ F√m-hcpw in£m-hn-[n-bn¬\n∂pw kpc-£n-X-cm-Wv. As√-¶n¬ \ΩpsS

kpc-£n-XXzw {InkvXp-hn-ep≈ \ΩpsS ÿm\-Øn-e-√, \ΩpsS \S-∏n¬ BsW-∂p-hcpw. (3) Cu

hmIy-`m-Kw in£m-hn-[n-bn¬\n-∂p≈ kpc-£n-X-Xz-a-√, hnizm-kn-bpsS \S-∏v hnh-cn-°p∂ -hm. 4

s‚ A¥y-Øn¬ hcp-∂Xv IrXy-amb ÿm\-ØmWv. (4) InwKv sPbnwkv ss__nƒ Cu hmIy-`m-

KsØ hm. 1 ¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv Hcp t•m v (Nne ]I¿s∏-gp-Øp-Im¿ tN¿°p∂ am¿Pn-

\¬ t\m´v) Bbn´mWv; Nne {][m\ hen-b-£c Isø-gp-Øp-{]-Xn-I-fmb a, A, B, C, D, F, GF∂nhbpw Nne Ncns®gpØp Isø-gp-Øp-{]-Xn-Ifpw ]pcm-X\ ]cn-`m-j-Ifpw AXv Hgn-hm-°n-bn-

´p≠v (C-Xp kw_-‘n® IqSp-X¬ N¿®-Iƒ°v Hƒjm-hp≥, sab¿, B¬t^m¿Uv, Um¿_n Xs‚

knt\m-]vkn-kn¬ \S-Øp∂ anI® N¿® F∂nh ImWp-I).

ssZhw Xs‚ hN-\sØ ]cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw Ahbv°v XpS¿∂pw B[n-Im-cn-IX \evIm\pw

A\p-h-Zn®p F∂Xv ]gb \nb-a-Øns‚ {Ko°v ]cn-`m-j-bmb sk]v‰z-Pn‚n¬\n∂pw \ap°p a\-

n-em-°mw.

ssZhw \ap°p \evInb Isø-gp-Øp-{]Xn-I-fpsS ]T-\-Øn-\mbn Xß-fpsS Pohn-X-Imew apgp-

h\pw th¿Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw anI® ]cn-`m-j-Iƒ \ap°p \evIp-Ibpw sNbvX `‡-cmb ]WvUn-X-

∑msc Hm¿Øp ssZhsØ kvXpXn-°p-∂p. AØcw ]WvUn-X-∑msc \mw, ssZhw F¥mWv ]d-

™-sX-∂-dn-bm≥ Xmgva-tbmsS At\z-jn-°p-∂-Xn\p ]Icw ss__n-fn¬ ssZhw F¥mWv ]d-

™n-cn-°m≥ km[y-X F∂p \tΩmSp ]d-bp∂ C∂sØ Al-¶m-cn-I-fmb ""B[p-\n-I-∑m-cn¬''

\n∂pw (A-s√-¶n¬ ap≥Ime ""lb¿ {InńIvkv'') th¿Xn-cn®p ImWWw'' (t]Pv 289).

""{InkvXptbiphnep≈h¿°p'' Cu khn-tij {]tbmKw (A-Xm-bXv ÿm\ob B[n-Im-cnI {]tbm-

Kw) B[p-\nI ""hy‡n-]-c-amb _‘w'' F∂- {]tbm-KØn\p Xpey-am-Wv. ]usemkv tbip-hns\ Adn-bp-

Ibpw kvt\ln-°p-Ibpw tkhn-°p-Ibpw Ah-\n¬ kt¥m-jn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. kphn-tijw Htc-k-abw

hniz-kn-t°≠ Hcp ktμ-ihpw kzoI-cn-t°≠ Hcp hy‡n-bp-am-Wv. Za-kvs°m-kn-te-°p≈ hgn-bn¬ sh®p

Xm≥ I≠p-ap-ńb Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂‰ I¿Øm-hp-am-bp≈ hy‡n-]-c-amb _‘-Øn-eqsSbmWv Ah\p Pohn-

°m-\p≈ i‡n e`n-°p∂Xv (H.-t\m. {]hr. 9). tbip-hp-am-bp≈ Ahs‚ A\p-`-h-Øn¬\n-∂p-amWv Ahs‚

ssZh-imkv{Xw cq]w-sIm-≠-Xv. Ahs‚ A\p-`hw Ahs\ AS-®p-sI-ńb k\ym-k-Øn-te-°√ Xo£vW-

amb anj-\dn {]h¿Ø-\-Øn-te-°mWp \bn-®Xv (H.-t\m. aØm. 28:18-˛20; eqs°m. 24:47; {]hr. 1:8). Ahs\

Adn-bp-∂Xv Ahs\ tkhn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. ]IzX {]m]n® {InkvXym-\nXzw Hcp ktμ-ihpw Hcp hy‡nbpw

Hcp Pohn-X-ssi-en-bp-amWv! (1:5 s‚ Ipdn∏v ImWp-I).

8:2 ""Pohs‚ Bflmhns‚ {]amWw ... ]m]Øns‚bpw acWØns‚bpw {]amWw'' CXp kqNn-∏n-°p-

∂Xv

1. ]m]-Øns‚ {]am-Whpw (H.-t\m. tdma. 7:10,23,25) ssZh-Øns‚ ]pXnb {]am-Whpw (H.-t\m. tdma.

7:6,22,25) XΩn-ep≈ hyXymkw

2. ""kvt\l-Øns‚ {]am-Whpw'' (H.-t\m. bmt°m. 1:25; 2:8,12) x ""tamssiI \ymb-{]-am-Whpw'' (H.-t\m.

7:6˛12)

3. ]gb bpKw x ]pXnb bpKw

4. ]gb \nbaw x ]pXnb \nbaw (H.-t\m. bnsc. 31:31-˛34; F{_mb teJ-\w)

Cu sshcp[y ssien ImWp-∂Xv

1. hm. 2 ¬ ImWp∂ {InkvXp-hnep≈ Pohs‚ Bflm-hns‚ {]amWw x ]m]-Øn-s‚bpw ac-W-Øn-

s‚bpw {]amWw

2. hm. 4,5 se PUsØ A\p-k-cn®v x Bflm-hns\ A\p-k-cn®v

3. hm. 5 se PUØn\p≈Xv x Bflm-hn\p≈Xv

4. hm. 5 se PUØns‚ Nn¥ x Bflm-hns‚ Nn¥

5. hm. 6 se PUØns‚ Nn¥ x Bflm-hns‚ Nn¥

6. hm. 9 se PUØn¬ x Bflm-hn¬

7. hm. 10 se icocw acn-t°-≠Xv x Bflm-hp Pohn-t°-≠Xv

161

8. hm. 13 se \nßƒ acn°pw x \nßƒ Pohn°pw

9. hm. 15 se Zmky-Xz-Øns‚ Bflmhv x ]p{X-Xz-Øns‚ Bflmhv

NASB ÃUn ss__n-fn¬ (t]Pv 1645) tdmam-te-J-\-Øn¬ ""\ymb-{]-amWw'' F∂ ]ZsØ ]usemkv D]-

tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xp kw_-‘n-®v Xm-ev]-cy-P-\-I-amb Hcp ]´nI \evIn-bn-´p-≠v.

1. Hcp \nb-{¥n-°p∂ i‡n, 8:2

2. ssZhnI \ymb{]-am-Ww, 2:17-˛20; 9:31; 10:3˛5

3. ]©-{K-Ÿw, 3:21b4. ]gb \nbaw apgp-h-\pw, 3:19

5. Hcp {]am-Ww, 3:27

NASB, NRSV,NJB ""Ah≥ \nßsf kzX{¥cm°nbncn°p∂p''

NKJV, TEV ""Ah≥ Fs∂ kzX{¥\m°n''

hm. 2˛3, A[ymbw 6 s‚ ssZh-imkv{X ktμ-i-am-Wv. ]pcm-X\ {Ko°v Isø-gpØp {]Xn-I-fn¬ ImWp∂

At\I hyXykvX k¿Δ\m-a-ß-fp≠v.

1. ""Fs∂'' ˛ IsøgpØp {]XnIƒ A, D, K, P.2. ""\nßsf'' ˛ IsøgpØp {]XnIƒ a, B, F, G.3. ""Rßsf'' ˛ hen-b-£c IsøgpØp {]Xn YYYYY

""\nßsf'' (GI-h-N-\w) F∂-Xn\v UBS4 “B”td‰nwKv (G-Xm≠v Dd-∏p-≈-Xv) \¬Ip-∂p. UBS3 AXn\v

“D”td‰nwKv (hfsc {]bm-k-ap-≈Xv) \¬Ip-∂p. ""Rßsf,'' ""\nßsf,'' ""Fs∂/\Ωsf'' F∂n-ßs\ k¿Δ-

\m-a-ßfpambn _‘-s∏´ hyXym-k-ßƒ ]usem-kns‚ cN-\-I-fn¬ [mcmfw ImWmw.

8:3 ""PUØmep≈ _elo\X\nanØw'' CXv A[ymbw 7 se ]usem-kns‚ ASn-ÿm\ hmZ-am-Wv.

\ymb-{]-amWw \√Xpw hnip-≤hpw BWv F¶nepw ]m]nbpw hogvN kw`-hn-®-h\pw a’-cnbp-amb a\p-

jy\v AXns‚ hyhÿIƒ ]men-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂n-√. d∫n-am-cn¬\n∂p hyXy-kvX-ambn ]usemkv Dev]Øn

3 s‚ ]cn-WnX ^e-Øn\v Du∂¬ \evIp-∂p. an° d∫n-amcpw ZpjvSX temI-Øn¬ {]th-in-®Xv Dev]Øn

6 ¬ F∂mWv ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

""\ymb{]amWØn∂p Ignbm™Xns\'' tamssiI \ymb-{]-amWw \√Xpw hnip-≤hpw BWv,

F¶nepw a\p-jy≥ _e-lo-\\pw ]m]n-bp-amWv (H.-t\m. 7:12,16). ChnsS ImWp∂ {Inb ""Akm≤yambXv''

F∂¿∞w hcp∂ \ma-hn-ti-j-W-amb AUp-\m-t‰m≥ (adunatonadunatonadunatonadunatonadunaton) BWv (H.-t\m. aØmbn 19:26; F{_m.

6:4,18; 10:4; 11:6). F¶nepw AXn\v ""i‡n-lo-\-am-bXv'' F∂ A¿∞-hp-ap≠v (H.-t\m. {]hr. 14:8; tdma. 15:1).

\ymb-{]-amWw hnSp-X¬ \¬Ip-hm≥ i‡n-bn-√m-Ø-XmWv (H.-t\m. Kem. 3:21). t\sc adn-®v, AXv in£m-

hn[nbpw ac-Whpw im]hpw am{Xw {]Zm\w sNøp∂p (H.-t\m. Kem-Xy¿ 3)!

""(km[n-∏m≥) ssZhw Xs‚ ]p{Xs\ ... Ab®p,'' ]gb DS-º-Sn°p Iogn¬, hoWp-t]mb a\p-jy\p

km[n-°m-™Xv ]pXnb DS-º-Sn-bpsS Iogn¬ (H.-t\m. bnsc. 31:31-˛34; sbsl. 36:22-˛36) ssZhw tbip-{InkvXp-

hn-eqsS \nh¿Øn®p (H.-t\m. sbi. 53; tbml. 3:16). _mly-amb hyh-ÿIƒ°p ]I-c-ambn ssZhw Hcp

B¥-cnI Bflm-hn-s\bpw ]pXnb lrZ-b-sØbpw ]pXnb a\- n-s\bpw Zm\w sNbvXp. Cu ]pXnb DS-

ºSn a\p-jys‚ {]hr-Øn-bn-e-√, {InkvXp-hns‚ ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏´ {]hr-Øn-bn-ep≈ hnizm-k-Ønepw am\-

km-¥-c-Ønepw ASn-ÿm\-s∏-´-XmWv (H.-t\m. Fs^. 2:8˛9). F¶nepw c≠v DS-º-Sn-Ifpw `‡n-\n¿`-c-amb

]pXnb PohnX ssien Bh-iy-s∏-Sp∂p (H.-t\m. Fs^. 1:4; 2:10).

""]m]PUØns‚ kmZriyØnepw ]m]w\nanØhpw'' CtX kXyw ^nen. 2:7˛8 ¬ hnh-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

tbip-hn\v bYm¿∞ a\p-jy-i-cocw D≠m-bn-cp∂p (F-¶nepw ]m]{]Ir-Xn-bn-√m-bn-cp-∂p, H.-t\m. ^nen. 2:7˛8;

F{_m. 7:26). Ah≥ bYm¿∞-ambn \ap°p Xpey-\m-bn-cp-∂p. \ap°p Xpey-ambn kI-e-hn-[-Ønepw Ah≥

]co-£n-°-s∏´p, F¶nepw ]m]w sNbvXn√ (H.-t\m. F{_m. 4:15). Ah≥ \sΩ a\- n-em-°p-∂p. Ah≥

\ap-°p-th≠n ]£-hmZw sNøp∂p (H.-t\m. 8:34; F{_m. 7:25; 9:24).

""]m]w \nanØhpw'' CtX Bibw 2 sImcn. 5:21 epw 1 ]s{Xm. 2:24; epw ImWmw. tbip acn-°p-∂-Xn-

\m-bn´p h∂p (H.-t\m. sbi. 53:4˛6,10-˛12; a¿s°m. 10:45). tbip-hns‚ \njvI-f-¶ PohnXw (Du-\-an-√m-bva)

kI-e-a-\p-jy¿°pw th≠n-bp≈ (H.-t\m. F{_m. 10:6,8; 13:11) ]m]-bm-K-am-bn-Øo¿∂p (H.-t\m. tbml. 1:29).

""]m]Øn∂p PUØn¬ in£ hn[n®p'' tbip-hns‚ imco-cnI acWw hy‡n-]-c-amb ]m]-{]hr-Øn-

Iƒ°p am{X-a√ (tam-ssiI \ymb-{]-amWw sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xp-t]m-se) adn®v apgpa\p-jy-h¿§-Øns‚bpw ]m]-

kz-`m-hsØ sXfn-bn®p ImWn-°p-Ibpw ]cn-lmcw hcp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ahs‚ Pohn-Xhpw ac-Whpw

Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂ev]pw kz¿§m-tcm-l-Whpw BWv ssZh-Øns‚ \nXy-amb hos≠-Sp-∏n≥ ]≤Xn ]q¿Øo-I-

cn-®Xv (H.-t\m. {]hr. 2:23; 3:18; 4:28; 13:29). a\p-jy\v Fßs\ Bbn-cn-°m≥ Ign-bp-sa∂pw Fßs\ Bbn-

162

cn°Wsa∂pw Ah≥ \ap°p ImWn-®p-X∂p (H.-t\m. tbml. 13:15; 1 ]s{Xm. 2:21).

8:4 Cu hmIyw ]pXnb DS-º-Snsb Bbn-cn°mw ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂Xv (H.-t\m. bnsc. 31:31-˛34; sbsl. 36:22-˛36).

AXv \ΩpsS c£-bpsS c≠p hi-ßsf ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂p.

1. tbip ]g-b DS-º-Sn-bpsS hyh-ÿ-Isf ]men-°p-Ibpw Ah-\n-ep≈ hnizm-k-Øm¬ Cu \oXn hnizm-

kn-I-fp-sS-ta¬ {]hr-Øn-bm-e-√, kuP\y Zm\-ambn ]I-c-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. \man-Xns\ \oXo-I-

cWw AYhm ÿm\ob hnip-≤o-I-cWw F∂p hnfn-°p-∂p.

2. ssZhw hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v Hcp ]pXnb lrZ-bhpw ]pXnb a\ pw ]pXnb Bflmhpw \¬Ip-∂p. \man-

t∏mƒ PU-Øn-e-√, Bflm-hnemWv \S-°p-∂Xv. CXns\ ]ptcm-K-a\ hnip-≤o-I-cWw F∂p hnfn-

°p∂p.

{InkvXym-\nXzw Ah-Im-i-ßfpw (c-£-bpsS Zm\w) At∏mƒXs∂ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ßfpw ({In-kvXp-km-Zr-iyw,

H.-t\m. 6:13) D≈ Hcp ]pXnb DS-º-Sn-bm-Wv.

sPtdmw ss__nƒ Ia‚dn (t]Pv 315), ck-I-c-amb Hcp A`n-{]mbw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv, h¿Ø-am-\-

Ime A]q¿Æ-{In-bbpw an A]q¿Æ-{In-bbpw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂X,v ê{]-Z-amb {InkvXob PohnXw kv\m\-

Øn¬\n∂pw bm{¥n-I-ambn Hgp-Ip-∂-X√ F∂ tkm]m-[nI hmN-IsØbmWv F∂m-Wv. a\p-jy-sc∂ \ne-

bn¬ \ap°v c£bpsS Hcp Xnc-s™-Sp∏pw {InkvXp-km-Zr-iy-Øns‚ Hcp Xnc-s™-Sp∏pw D≠v. Bflmhv

\bn-°p-Ibpw t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-sa-¶nepw _ew-{]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂n-√.

""PUsØb√ Bflmhns\ At{X A\pkcn®p \S°p∂ \Ωn¬'' CtX sshcp[yw Kem. 5:16˛25 ¬

ImWmw. \nb-a-]-c-amb \oXnsb XpS¿∂v Pohn-X-ssieo]camb \oXn D≠m-I-Ww. ]pXnb DS-º-Sn-bpsS

]pXnb lrZ-bhpw a\ pw \ΩpsS c£-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\a√, -a-dn®v AXns‚ ê-am-Wv. \nXy-Po-h\v Zriy-

amb khn-ti-j-X-I-fp≠v (a-Ømbn 7)!

8:5 ]usemkv hm. 5˛8 ¬ ""PU-Ønse'' Pohn-Xhpw ""Bflm-hnse'' Pohn-Xhpw XΩn¬ Xmc-X-ay-s∏-SpØp∂p

(Kem. 5:19-˛21 se ""PU-Øns‚ {]hr-Øn-Isf'' 5:22-˛25 se ""Bflm-hns‚ êhpambn'' HØp t\m-°pI).

8:2 se Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ ImWp-I.

""Nn¥'' IÆp-Ifpw ImXp-I-fp-amWv tZln-bpsS hmXm-b-\-ßƒ F∂v sblq-Z-∑m¿ a\- n-em-°n-bn-cp-∂p.

]m]w Bcw-`n-°p-∂Xv Nn¥-bn-em-Wv. \mw F¥n¬ a\- p-shbv°pt∂m AXmWp \mw (H.-t\m. tdma. 12:1˛2;

^nen. 4:8).

a\p-jy-\nse c≠v ""C—-Iƒ'' (sb-‰vsk¿) F∂ ]c-º-cm-KX d∫n D]-tZ-isØ ]usemkv A∏msS

hniz-kn-°p-∂n-√. ]usem-kn-s\ kw_-‘n®v \√ C— hogvN kw`-hn® a\p-jy-\n¬ ImWp-∂n-√, adn®v am\-

km-¥-c-Øn-em-WXp kw`-hn-°p-∂-Xv. ]usem-kn-s\ kw_-‘n®v A[n-h-kn-°p∂ ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hmWv B¥-

cnI BflnI kwL¿jw Bcw-`n-°p-∂Xv (H.-t\m. tbml. 16:7˛14).

""Poh≥'' CXv \nXy-Po-hs\, ]pXnb bpK Pohn-XsØ (tkm-bn- zohzohzohzohzoh) ]cm-a¿in-°p∂p.

""kam-[m\w'' Cu ]Z-Øns‚ aqe A¿∞w ""XI¿∂-Xns\ Hcp-an®v sI´pI'' F∂mWv (H.-t\m. tbml.

14:27; 16:33; ^nen. 4:7). 5:1 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: kam[m\w ImWp-I. aq∂p hn[-Øn¬ ]pXnb \nbaw

kam-[m-\-sØ-°p-dn®p kwkm-cn-°p-∂p-≠v.

1. {InkvXp-hn-eqsS \ap°p ssZh-hp-am-bp≈ kam-[m\sØ kqNn-∏n-°p∂ e£ym-[n-jvTnX kXyw (H.-

t\m. sImsem. 1:20)

2. ssZh-hp-ambn \nc-∏m-b-Xn-s\-°p-dn®v \ap-°p≈ hnj-bm-[n-jvTnX hnImcw (H.-t\m. tbml. 14:27; 16:33;

^nen. 4:7).

3. ssZhw {InkvXp-hn-eqsS sblq-Z-s\bpw PmXn-sbbpw Hcp ico-c-ambn H∂n®p tN¿Øp (H.-t\m. Fs^.

2:14˛17; sImsem. 3:15)

8:7˛11 ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂pw AI∂ a\p-jy-h¿§sØ ]usemkv hnhn[ \ne--I-fn¬ hnh-cn-°p∂p

1. ssZh-tØmSp i{Xp-Xzw, hm. 7

2. ssZh-Øn\p Iog-S-ßp-∂n-√, hm. 7

3. ssZhsØ {]km-Zn-∏n-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂-X-√, hm. 8

4. Bflo-b-ambn acn-®Xpw AXns‚ A¥yw \nXy-a-c-W-hpw, hm. 10-˛11

kam-¥c {]tbm-K-ßƒ tdma. 5:6,8,10 epw ImWp-I.

8:7

NASB, NRSV ""PUØns‚ Nn¥ ssZhtØmSp i{XpXzw BIp∂p''

NKJV ""PUnI a\ v ssZh-Øns‚ i{Xp-hm-Ip∂p''

TEV ""Bfp-Iƒ ssZh-Øns‚ i{Xp-°ƒ Bbn amdn''

NJB ""{Iaw-sI´ a\p-jy{]IrXnbpsS ImgvN-∏mSv ssZh-Øn\v FXn-cmWv''

163

Cu {]tbmKw hm. 6 se ""PU-Øns‚ Nn¥ acWw'' hm. 4 se ""PUsØ A\p-k-cn®p \S-°p-∂-h¿''

F∂n-hbv°p kam-¥-c-am-Wv. hoWp-t]mb a\p-jys‚ {]IrXn Hcp Nn¥m-KXnbpw (tem-I-ho-£-Ww) Hcp

Pohn-X-ssi-en-bp-amWv (H.-t\m. 7:5). 1:3 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: PUw (km¿Ivkv- ˛ sarx) ImWp-I.

""Iogvs∏Sphm≥ Ignbp∂Xpa√'' hoWp-t]mb a\p-jy-h¿§w ssZhsØ A\p-k-cn-°p-∂Xv Xnc-s™-Sp-

°p-∂n-s√∂p am{X-a-√, ssZhsØ A\p-k-cn-°p-hm≥ Ah¿°p Ign-bp-∂-Xp-a-√. hoWp-t]mb a\p-jy-h¿§-

Øn\v ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ klm-b-an-√msX Bflob Imcy-ß-tfmSp {]Xn-I-cn-°m≥ Ign-I-bn√ (H.-t\m.

sbi. 53:6; 1 ]s{Xm. 2:24-˛25). ssZhw F√m-bvt]mgpw ap≥ssI-sb-Sp-t°≠n-bn-cn-°p∂p (H.-t\m. tbml.

6:44,65). CXv DS-ºSn Xnc-s™-Sp-∏ns\ C√m-Xm-°p-∂n-√, adn®v a\p-jy¿ {]Xn-I-cn-°p-∂-h-cmWv A√msX

ap≥ssI-sb-Sp-°p-∂-h-c√ F∂p Dd-∏n-°p-I-bmWp sNøp-∂-Xv.

8:8 ""PUkz`mhap≈h¿°v'' ]usemkv Cu {]tbmKw c≠p hn[-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

1. `uXnI icocw (H.-t\m. tdma. 1:3; 2:28; 4:1; 9:3,5)

2. ssZh-sØ-°q-Sm-sX-bp≈ a\pjy {]b-Xv\-ßƒ (H.-t\m. tdma. 7:5; 8:4˛5)

ChnsS #2 BWp icn. AXv a’-cn-Ifpw Ahn-izm-kn-I-fp-amb a\p-jy-h¿§sØ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. 1:3 se

{]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: PUw (km¿Ivkv- ˛ sarx) ImWp-I.

tdma¿ 8:9˛119\nßtfm, ssZhØns‚ Bflmhp \nßfn¬ hkn°p∂p F∂phcnIn¬ PUkz`mhap≈hc√

Bflkz`mhap≈hct{X. {InkvXphns‚ Bflmhn√mØh≥ Ah∂p≈h\√. 10{InkvXp \nßfn¬

Ds≠¶ntem icocw ]m]w\nanØw acnt°≠sX¶nepw Bflmhp \oXn\nanØw Poh\mIp∂p.11tbiphns\ acn®hcn¬\n∂p Dbn¿∏n®hs‚ Bflmhp \nßfn¬ hkn°p∂p F¶n¬ {InkvXp-

tbiphns\ acWØn¬ \n∂p Dbn¿∏n®h≥ \nßfn¬ hkn°p∂ Xs‚ Bflmhns\s°m≠p

\nßfpsS a¿Xyicocßsfbpw Pohn∏n°pw.

8:9 ""F∂p-h-cn-In¬'' hm. 9,10,11,13[2 {]mhiyw],17[2 {]mhiyw] F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ tkm]m-[nI hmN-I-ß-

fpsS Hcp ]c-ºc ImWmw. Ah-sb√mw Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚ ho£-W-Øn¬ kXy-am-btXm As√-¶n¬ Ahs‚

cN-t\m-t±-iy-Øn\p th≠n-bp-≈tXm Bb H∂mwXcw tkm]m-[nI hmN-Ißfm-Wv. tdmam k`-bnse Xs‚

hmb-\-°m¿ F√m-hcpw hnizm-kn-I-fm-sW∂v ]usemkv A\p-am-\n-°p-∂p. (H.-t\m. hm. 9a).

"" {InkvXphns‚ Bflmhv'' Bflmhv D≈ hy‡n-Iƒ hnizm-kn-Ifpw Bflmhv C√m-Ø-h¿ Bfln-I-

ambn \jvS-s∏-´-hcpw BWv. \mw c£m-\n¿Æb ka-bØv Bflmhns\ {]m]n-®p.

9a bnse ""ssZh-Øns‚ Bflmhv-'' 9b bnse ""{InkvXp-hns‚ Bflmhv'' F∂n-h-sb√mw ]cym-b-ß-fm-Wv.

{]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: tbiphpw Bflmhpw

Bflm-hns‚ {]h¿Ø-\hpw ]p{Xs‚ {]h¿Ø-\hpw XΩn¬ th¿Xn-cn-°m-\m-hmØ Hc-h-ÿ-bp-

≠v. Bflm-hn-\p≈ G‰hpw \√ t]cv ""as‰ tbip'' F∂m-sW∂v Pn. Imw]vs_¬ tam¿K≥ ]d™n´p≠v

(F-¶nepw Ah¿ hyXy-kvX-cmb \nXy hy‡n-I-fm-Wv). Xmsg-°m-Wp-∂Xv ]p{X-s‚bpw Bflm-hn-s‚bpw

{]h¿Ø-\-Øn-s‚bpw t]cp-I-fp-sSbpw cq]-tcJm Xmc-X-ay-am-Wv.

1. Bflmhv ""tbip-hns‚ Bflmhv'' As√-¶n¬ kam-\-amb t]cp-I-fm¬ hnfn-°-s∏-Sp∂p (H.-t\m.

tdma. 8:9; 2 sImcn. 3:17; Kem. 4:6; 1 ]s{Xm. 1:11)

2. Ccp-hcpw Htc ]Z-ß-fm¬ hnfn-°-s∏-Sp∂p

a. ""kXyw''

1) tbip (tbm-l. 14:6)

2) Bflmhv (tbm-l. 14:17; 16:13)

b. ""Imcy-ÿ≥''

1) tbip (1 tbml. 2:1)

2) Bflmhv (tbm-l. 14:16,26; 15:26; 16:7)

c. ""]cn-ip-≤''

1) tbip (eq-s°m. 1:35; 14:26)

2) Bflm-hv (-eq-s°m. 1:35; 4:34)

3. Ccp-hcpw hnizm-kn-bn¬ hkn-°p-∂p

a. tbip (a-Øm. 28:20; tbml. 14:20,23; 15:4˛5; tdma. 8:10; 2 sImcn. 13:5; Kem. 2:20; Fs^. 3:17;

164

sImsem. 1:27).

b. Bflmhv (tbm-l. 14:16˛17; tdma. 8:9,11; 1 sImcn. 3:16; 6:19; 2 Xnsam. 1:14)

c. ]nXmhv (tbml 14:23; 2 sImcn. 6:16)

8:10 ""{InkvXp \nß-fn¬'' ""\nßƒ'' _lp-h-N-\-am-Wv. ""{InkvXp'' F∂ ]Zw A[n-h-kn-°p∂ ]p{Xs\/

Bflm-hns\ kqNn-∏n-°p∂p (H.-t\m. tbml. 14:16-˛17; sImsem. 1:27). Bfp-Iƒ°v ]p{X≥/Bflmhv D≠v

As√-¶n¬ Ah¿ hnizm-kn-I-f√ (H.-t\m. 1 tbml. 5:12). ]usem-kns\ kw_-‘n®v ""{InkvXp-hn¬'' F∂Xv

ssZh-imkv{X-]-c-ambn ""Bflm-hn¬'' F∂-Xn\p Xpey-am-Wv.

""Ds≠-¶ntem'' CsXmcp H∂mw-Xcw tkm]m-[nI hmN-I-amWv (Fbv HmsSm∏w ""Bbn-cn-°pI'' F∂

kqNI {Inb-bpsS A\p-am-\w). Xs‚ hmb-\-°m¿ (AXm-bXv tdmam k`-bn-se hnizmknIƒ)

1. {InkvXp hkn-°p-∂-h¿

2. {InkvXp Ah-cpsS a[y-Øn-ep-≈-h¿

BsW∂v ]usemkv A\p-am-\n-°p-∂p.

""icocw ]m]w\nanØw acnt°≠sX¶nepw'' hnizm-kn-Iƒ BZm-ans‚ ]m]-hpw, temI-Øns‚ hogvNbpw

hy‡n-]-c-amb ]m]hpw \nanØw imco-cn-I-ambn acn°pw (H.-t\m. 5:12-˛21). ]m]w Ft∏mgpw AXns‚ e£yw

]q¿Øn-bm-°p-∂p. BflnI acWw (H.-t\m. Dev]Øn 3; Fs^. 2:1) imco-cnI ac-W-Øn¬ Iem-in-°p∂p

(H.-t\m. Dev]Øn 5; F{_m. 9:27; 8:13 s‚ Ipdn∏v ImWp-I). hnizm-kn-Iƒ Htc-k-abw Bflm-hns‚ ]pXnb

bpK-Ønepw (H.-t\m. tbmth¬ 2:28-˛29; {]hr. 2:16) ]m]-Øn-s‚bpw a’-c-Øn-s‚bpw ]g-b-bp-K-Ønepw (H.-

t\m. hm. 21,35) BWp Pohn-°p-∂-Xv.

""Bflmhp \oXn\nanØw Poh\mIp∂p'' ""Bflmhv'' kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv a\p-jym-flm-hn-s\-bmtWm (H.-

t\m. NASB, ASV, NIV, Williams, Jerusalem Bible) AtXm ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-s\-bmtWm (H.-t\m. KJV, TEV,REB, Karl Barth, C. K. Barrett, John Murray, and Everett Harrison) F∂Xp kw_-‘n®v ]cn-`m-j-Ifpw

hymJym-Xm-°fpw XΩn¬ A`n-{]mb sFIy-an-√.

hnime kμ¿`w B {lkz {]tbmKw kw_-‘n® \ΩpsS {KmlysØ hn]p-e-am-°p-∂p. {InkvXp-hn¬

B{i-bn-®-h¿ t]mepw Ah¿ hoWp-t]mb temI-Øn¬ Pohn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ acn-°p-∂p. F¶n-epw, tb-ip-hn-

ep≈ hnizm-k-Øm¬ e`y-amb \oXn \nanØw Ah¿°v \nXy-Po-h≥ e`n-®p-I-gn™p (H.-t\m. Fs^. 2:4˛6).

CXv ""e`n-®p-I-gn™p F∂m¬ Bbn-´n√'' F∂ ssZh-cm-Py-Øns‚ kwL¿j-am-Wv. ]gb bpKhpw ]pXnb

bpKhpw ka-b-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ At\ym\yw Ihn-™p-In-S-°p-∂p.

""\oXn'' Cu kμ¿`Øn¬ CXp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv

1. {InkvXp-hnse hnizm-k-Øm¬ (H.-t\m. tdma¿ 4) e`n-°p∂ IW-°n-S-s∏´ \oXn (\o-Xo-I-c-Whpw

ÿm\ob hnip-≤o-I-c-W-hpw)

2. hos≠-Sp∏p {]m]n® Pohn-XØns‚ sXfn-hmb Bflm-hn-ep≈ ]pXnb PohnXw (]p-tcm-K-a\ hnip-

≤o-I-c-Ww). 1:17 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWp-I.

8:11 ""F¶n¬'' hm. 9 s‚ Ipdn-∏p- Im-Wp-I.

""tbiphns\ acn®hcn¬\n∂p Dbn¿∏n®hs‚ Bflmhp \nßfn¬ hkn°p∂p F¶n¬'' {XnXz-

Ønse GXp hy‡n-bmWv hnizm-kn-I-fn¬ hkn-°p-∂Xv? an° {InkvXym-\n-Ifpw ""Bflmhv'' F∂p-Øcw

]d-bpw. CXv Xo¿®-bmbpw icn-bm-Wv, F¶nepw bYm¿∞-Øn¬ {XnXz-Ønse aq∂v Bf-Xz-ßfpw hnizm-kn-

I-fn¬ hkn-°p-∂p.

1. Bflm-hv, tbml. 14:16-˛17; tdma. 8:11; 1 sImcn. 3:16; 6:19; 2 Xnsam. 1:14

2. ]p{X≥, aØm. 28:20; tbml. 14:20,23; 15:4˛5; tdma. 8:10; 2 sImcn. 13:5; 6:19; Kem. 2:20; Fs^. 3:17;

sImsem. 1:27

3. ]nXm-hv, tbml. 14:23; 2 sImcn. 6:16

]pXnb \nbaw ho≠-Sp-∏n≥ {]hr-ØnbpsS DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw {XnXz-Ønse aq∂v Bf-Xz-ßƒ°pw \¬Ip∂p

F∂Xp sXfn-bn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ anI® DZm-l-c-W-amWv Cu {]tbm-Kw.

1. ]nXmhmw ssZhw tbip-hns\ Dbn¿∏n®p (H.-t\m. {]hr. 2:24; 3:15; 4:10; 5:30; 10:40; 13:30,33,34,37; 17:31;

tdma. 6:4,9; 10:9; 1 sImcn. 6:14; 2 sImcn. 4:14; Kem. 1:1; Fs^. 1:20; sImsem. 2:12; 1 sX . 1:10)

2. ]p{X\mw ssZhw Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂‰p (H.-t\m. tbml. 2:19-˛22; 10:17-˛18)

3. Bflmhmw ssZhw tbip-hns\ Dbn¿∏n®p (H.-t\m. tdma. 8:11)

CtX {XnXz Du∂¬ hm. 9˛11 epw ImWm≥ Ign-bpw.

165

{]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: {XnXzw

{XnXz-Ønse aq∂v Bf-Xz-ßfpw Htc kμ¿ -Øn¬ {]h¿Ø\\nc-X-cm-Ip-∂Xp {i≤n-°p-I. ""{XnXzw''

F∂ ]Zw sX¿Øp-ey≥ BWv BZyw D]-tbm-Kn-®-Xv, F¶nepw CsXmcp thZ-]p-kvXI hm°-√, Bibw

sX‰mbn D]-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sm-dp-ap-≠v.

A. kphn-ti-jßƒ

1. aØm. 3:16-˛17; 28:19 (k-am-¥c `mK-ß-fpw)

2. tbml. 14:26

B. As∏m-kvXe {]hr-Øn-Iƒ ˛ 2:32˛33, 38-˛39

C. ]usemkv

1. tdma. 1:4˛5; 5:1,5; 8:1˛4, 8˛-10

2. 1 sImcn. 2:8˛10; 12:4˛6

3. 2 sImcn. 1:21; 13:14

4. Kem. 4:4˛6

5. Fs^. 1:3˛14,17; 2:18; 3:14˛17; 4:4˛6

6. 1 sX . 1:2˛5

7. 2 sX . 2:13

8. XosØm. 3:4˛6

D. ]s{Xmkv - 1 ]s{Xm. 1:2

E. bqZm - hm. 20-˛21

]gb \nb-a-Øn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ _lpXzw kqNn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

A. ssZh-Øn-\p≈ _lp-h-N-\-ßƒ

1. Ftemlnw F∂ t]cv _lp-h-N-\-amWv, F¶nepw ssZh-Øn-\p-]-tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒ Ft∏mgpw

GI-h-N\ {Inb-bmWp tN¿°p-∂Xv

2. Dev]. 1:26-˛27; 3:22; 11:7 ¬ ""\mw''

B. btlmh-bpsS ZqX≥ ssZh-Øns‚ Zriy {]Xn-\n-[n-bmWv

1. Dev]. 16:7˛13; 22:11-˛15; 31:11,13; 48:15˛16

2. ]pd. 3:2,4; 13:21; 14:19

3. \ymbm. 2:1; 6:22˛23; 13:3˛22

4. skJ. 3:1˛2-

C. ssZhhpw Ahs‚ Bflmhpw shtΔ-sd- hy‡n-I-fmWv, Dev]. 1:1˛2; k¶o. 104:30; sbi. 63:9˛11;

sbsl. 37:13-˛14

D. ssZhhpw (b-tlm-h) ain-lbpw (A-tUm¨) shtΔsd hy‡n-IfmWv, k¶o. 45:6˛7; 110:1; skJ.

2:8˛11; 10:9˛12

E. ain-lmbpw Bflmhpw shtΔ-sd hy‡n-IfmWv, skJ. 12:10

F. aq∂pt]-scbpw sbi. 48:16; 61:1 ¬ ]cm-a¿in-®n-cn-°p∂p

tbip-hns‚ ssZh-Xzhpw Bflm-hns‚ Bf-Xzhpw I¿i GI-ssZ-h-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb BZna {InkvXob

hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v {]iv\-ßƒ krjvSn-®n-cp-∂p.

1. sX¿Øp-ey≥ ˛ ]nXm-hn\p Xmsg-bm-bn-cn-°p∂ ]p{X≥

2. Hdn-K≥ ˛ ]p{X-s‚bpw Bflm-hns‚bpw ssZhn-Imw-i-ßƒ ssZh-Øn\p Xmsg-bm-Wv

3. Adn-bqkv ˛ ]p{X\pw Bflm-hn\pw ssZhXzw \ntj-[n®p

4. samWm¿°n-b\nkw ˛ Hcp ssZhw Xs∂ ]nXm-hv, ]p{X≥, XpS¿∂v Bflmhv F∂n-ßs\ shfn-

s∏-´-Xmbn hniz-kn-®p

{XnXzw F∂Xv thZ-]p-kvX-I hnh-c-Wß-fn¬ \n∂pw Ncn{X-]-c-ambn hnImkw {]m]n-®-Xm-Wv.

1. ]nXm-hn\p ka-\mb tbip-hns‚ ]q¿Æ ssZhXzw F.-Un. 325 se \nJym -kp-∂-l-tZmkv AwKo-

I-cn®p

2. ]nXm-hn\pw ]p{X\pw ka-\mbn ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ ]q¿Æ Bf-Xzhpw ssZhXzhpw F.-Un. 381

se tIm¨Ãm‚n-t\m-∏nƒ kp∂l-tZmkv AwKo-I-cn-®p.

3. {XnXz D]-tZiw ]q¿Æ cq]-Øn¬ -A-K-Ãns‚ De Trinitate F∂ {KŸ-Øn¬ hnh-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p

CXv bYm¿∞-ambpw a¿Ω-am-Wv. F∂n-cp-∂mepw ]pXn-b-\n-baw aq∂p \nXy-hy-‡nXz shfn-∏m-Sn-ep≈

GI ssZhnI kmcmw-isØ Du∂n-∏-d-bp-∂p-≠v.

166

NASB, NKJV, NRSV,NJB, REB, NET ""Ahs‚ Bflmhns\s°m≠p''

NRSV Footnote ""Ahs‚ Bflmhp\n-anØw''

TEV ""Ahs‚ Bflmhns‚ km∂n-[y-Øm¬''

Cu {]tbm-K-Øns‚ hymI-c-W-cq-]-tØm-S-\p-_-‘n®v Isø-gp-Øp-{]-Xn-I-fn¬ hyXym-k-ap-≠v.

1. kw_-‘n-I, IsøgpØp {]XnIƒ a, A, C, Pc F∂nh

2. I¿Ωm-[n-jvTnXw, IsøgpØp {]XnIƒ B, D, F, G F∂nh

UBS4 kw_-‘n-Ibv°v “B”td‰nwKv (G-Xm≠v Dd-∏p-≈-Xv) \¬Ip-∂p.

""\nßfpsS a¿Xyicocßsfbpw Pohn∏n°pw'' Chn-SsØ {Inb ]p\-cp-∞m\ Znh-ksØ kqNn-∏n-°p∂

`mhn-Ime I¿Øcn kqN-I-am-Wv. tbip-hn-s‚bpw Ahs‚ A\p-bm-bn-I-fp-sSbpw ]p\-cp-∞m\w Hcp \n¿Æm-

bI D]-tZ-i-amWv (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 15:1 apX¬; 2 sImcn. 4:14). hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v \nXy-X-bn¬ imco-cn-I-amb

\ne-\n-ev]p-s≠∂v {InkvXym\nXzw Du∂n-∏-d-bp∂p (H.-t\m. 1 tbml. 3:2). {InkvXp Bflm-hn-\m¬ Dbn¿∏n-

°-s∏-s´-¶n¬ (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 15:12-˛21) Ahs‚ A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw Dbn¿∏n-°-s∏Spw (H.-t\m. hm. 23).

tdma¿ 8:12-˛1712BIbm¬ ktlmZc∑mtc, \mw PUsØ A\pkcn®p Pohnt°≠Xn∂p PUØn∂√ IS°m-

cmIp∂Xp. 13\nßƒ PUsØ A\pkcn®p Pohn°p∂p F¶n¬ acn°pw \n›bw; Bflmhn\m¬

icocØns‚ {]hrØnIsf acn∏n°p∂p F¶ntem \nßƒ Pohn°pw. 14ssZhmflmhp \SØp∂h¿

Ghcpw ssZhØns‚ a°ƒ BIp∂p. 15\nßƒ ]ns∂bpw `bs∏tS≠Xn∂p ZmkyØns‚ Bflm-

hns\ A√; \mw A∫m ]nXmth, F∂p hnfn°p∂ ]p{XXzØn≥ Bflmhns\ At{X {]m]n®Xp.16\mw ssZhØns‚ a°ƒ F∂p BflmhpXm\pw \ΩpsS BflmthmSpIqsS km£yw ]dbp∂p.17\mw a°ƒ F¶ntem AhIminIfpw BIp∂p; ssZhØns‚ AhIminIfpw {InkvXphns‚

Iq´hIminIfpw Xt∂; \mw Aht\mSpIqsS tXPkvIcn°s∏tS≠Xn∂p Aht\mSpIqsS

I„a\p`hn®met{X.

8:12 ""BIbm¬'' hm. 1˛11 se Xs‚ AhXcWØns‚ {]k‡nsb°pdn®v ]usemkv hn≠pw ]dbpIbmWv.

""IS°m-cmIp∂Xv'' {InkvXob kzmX{¥yØns‚ adphiamWnXv (H.t\m. 14:1˛15:13). hm. 1˛11 se

hnip≤oIcWsØ kw_‘n® (ÿm\obhpw [kqNIw] ]ptcmKa\]chpamb [hn[ncq]w, 6:4 se {]tXyI

]T\hnjbw ImWpI]) N¿®bn¬\n∂pw DcpØncn™ \nKa\amWnhnsS tcJs∏SpØp∂Xv. kIe hnizm-

kn-Ifpw Ct∏mgpw XßfpsS ]gb a\pjy\pambn t]mcmtS≠Xp≠v F∂Xv hy‡ambn ImWn°p∂p

(AXm. 6:12,19; 7:7˛24; 1 sImcn. 6:18˛19; Fs^. 6:10˛19). Hcp Xncs™Sp∏p \StØ≠Xpw ({]mcw` hnizmkw)

XpS¿am\ambn Xncs™Sp∏p \SØns°m≠ncnt°≠Xpw (PohnXssien hnizmkw) BWv!

8:13 ""F¶n¬'' hm. 9,10,11,13[2 {]mhiyw],17[2 {]mhiyw] F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ tkm]m-[nI hmN-I-ß-fpsS Hcp

]c-ºc ImWmw. Ah-sb√mw Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚ ho£-W-Øn¬ kXy-am-btXm As√-¶n¬ Ahs‚ cN-t\m-

t±-iy-Øn\p th≠n-bp-≈tXm Bb H∂mwXcw tkm]m-[nI hmN-Ißfm-Wv. tdmam k`-bnse Xs‚ hmb-\-

°m¿ F√m-hcpw Bflmhn\m¬ Pohn°p∂ hnizm-kn-I-fm-sW∂v ]usemkv A\p-am-\n-°p-∂p. F¶nepw

AXn¬ \ne\nevt°≠ Bhiyap≠v (AXm. am\pjnI klIcWw).

""\nßƒ PUsØ A\pkcn®p Pohn°p∂p F¶n¬ acn°pw \n›bw'' hm. 13 se c≠v {InbIfpw

h¿Øam\ ImeØnemWv, AXv XpS¿am\ {]{Inbsb ImWn°p∂p. aq∂p L´ßfnep≈ acWsØ°pdn®v

thZ]pkvXIw {]Xn]mZn°p∂p.

1. BflnI acWw (H.t\m. Dev]. 2:17; 3:1˛7; Fs^. 2:1)

2. imcocnI acWw (H.t\m. Dev]. 5)

3. \nXyacWw (H.t\m. shfn. 2:11; 20:6,14; 21:8)

Cu thZ`mKØp ]dbp∂ acWw am\hcminbpsS imcocnI acWØn¬ (H.t\m. Dev]. 3:14˛19) Iemin®

BZmans‚ BflnI acWamWv (H.t\m. tdma¿ 6).

BZmans‚ ]m]w a\pjy\n¬ acWw sIm≠ph∂p (H.t\m. 5:12˛21). \mtamtcmcpØcpw ]m]Øn¬

]¶mfnIfmIp∂Xv Xncs™SpØp. \mw AXn¬ XpScp∂Xp Xncs™SpØm¬ AXp \sΩ ""\nXyambn''

sIm√pw (H.t\m. shfn. 20:6,14, ""c≠mw acWw''). {InkvXym\nIƒ F∂ \nebn¬ {InkvXphnt\mSv A\pcq]-

s∏´v ]m]Øn\pw kzbØn\pw acn°pIbpw ssZhØn\p Pohn°pIbpw thWw (H.t\m. tdma¿ 6).

""Bflmhn\m¬ icocØns‚ {]hrØnIsf acn∏n°p∂p F¶ntem \nßƒ Pohn°pw'' hnizmkn-

167

IfpsS c£bpsS Dd∏v {InkvXob PohnXssienbm¬ sXfnbn°s∏SpIbpw hnebncpØs∏SpIbpw thWw

(H.t\m. bmt°m_v, 1 tbml∂m≥). hnizmknIƒ Cu ]pXnb PohnXw kz¥ {]bXv\Øm¬ A√ Pohnt°-

≠Xv, adn®v ]cnip≤mflmhns‚ klmbØmembncn°Ww (H.t\m. hm. 14). F¶nepw Ah¿ Zn\wtXmdpw

XßsfØs∂ Ahs‚ \nb{¥WØn\p Iogvs∏SpØns°mSp°Ww (H.t\m. Fs^. 5:17˛18; 6:10˛18).

Cu kμ¿`Øn¬ ""PUØns‚ {]hrØnIƒ'' ]m]bpKØns‚ PohnXambn´mWv ImWp∂Xv (H.t\m.

Kem. 5:19-˛21). \nXyamb imcocnI \ne\nev]ns‚ \ncmIcWw A√ CXv (H.t\m. 8:23), adn®v A[nhkn°p∂

Bflmhpw (]pXnb bpKw) ]m]tØmSp≈ (]gb bpKw) \nc¥camb BflnI t]mcm´hpw XΩnep≈

XmcXays∏SpØemWv.

8:14 ""ssZhmflmhp \SØp∂h¿ Ghcpw ssZhØns‚ a°ƒ BIp∂p'' ]cnip≤mflmhns‚ \nc¥c

\SØn∏ns\ kqNn∏n°p∂ h¿Øam\Ime I¿ΩWn A]q¿Æ{InbbmWnXv. Bflmhv \sΩ {InkvXphn¶-

te°p \SØp∂p (H.t\m. tbml. 6:44,65) F∂n´v \Ωn¬ {InkvXphns\ Dcphm°p∂p (H.t\m. hm. 29,30).

{InkvXym\nXzw F∂Xv Hcp Xocpam\Ønepw A∏pdambXmWv. AXv bYm¿∞Øn¬ Hcp Xocpam\Øn¬

Bcw`n°p∂ (H.t\m. 10:9˛13; tbml. 1:12; 3:16) XpS¿am\amb injyXzamWv (H.t\m. aØm. 28:19). CXv

{]tXyI kw`hßƒ, kabßƒ, ip{iqjIƒ F∂nhsb A√ kqNn∏n°p∂Xv adn®v ssZ\wZn\ {]hrØnI-

sfbmWv.

""ssZhØns‚ a°ƒ'' _lphN\ cq]w ]gb \nbaØn¬ ZqX∑msc kqNn∏n°phm\pw A]q¿Δambn

a\pjysc kqNn∏n°phm\pw D]tbmKn®n´p≠v ({]tXyI ]T\hnjbw Hm¨sse\n¬ ImWpI:

www.freebiblecommentary.org). GIhN\w BZmw, bn{kmtb¬, AhfpsS cmPmhv, ainlm F∂nh¿°v

D]tbmKn®n´p≠v. ChnsSbnXv F√m hnizmknIsfbpamWv kqNn∏n°p∂Xv (H.t\m. Kem. 4:6˛7). hm. 14 ¬

{Ko°n¬ lqbntbmbn (u,ioiu,ioiu,ioiu,ioiu,ioi˛]p{X∑m¿) F∂ ]Zhpw hm. 16 ¬ sSIv\m (tecnatecnatecnatecnatecna˛a°ƒ) F∂ ]Zhpw

D]tbmKn®ncn°p∂p. Cu kμ¿`Øn¬ Ah ]cymbßfmbn´mWv D]tbmKn®ncn°p∂Xv. hnizmknIƒ

C\nta¬ ASnaIf√ adn®v IpSpw_mwKßfmWv (H.t\m. hm. 15˛17; Kem. 4:7).

8:15 ""Bflmhns\'' hm. 10 s\t∏mse CXpw Zp¿{KlamWv. CXv hos≠Sp°s∏´ a\pjycpsS {InkvXp-

hnep≈ ]pXnb Bflmhns\ As√¶n¬ ]cnip≤mflmhns\ kqNn∏n°p∂p. c≠pw hm. 16 ¬ ImWmw.

]usemkns‚ FgpØpIfn¬ ]e ÿeØpw ]cnip≤mflmhv hnizmknbn¬ Dfhm°p∂ ImcysØ

hnhcn°p∂Xn\v Cu hymIcW LS\ D]tbmKn°p∂Xp ImWmw.

1. ChnsS ""ZmkyØns‚ Bflmhns\ A√'' ""]p{XXzØns‚ Bflmhns\,'' hm. 15

2. ""kuaymflmhv,'' 1 sImcn. 4:21

3. ""hnizmkØns‚ Bflmhv,'' 2 sImcn. 4:13

4. ""⁄m\Øns‚bpw shfn∏mSns‚bpw Bflmhv,'' Fs^. 1:17

5. ""òcpXzØns‚ Bflmhns\ A√,'' 2 Xnsam. 1:7

At\I CSßfn¬, {]tXyIn®v 1 sImcn¥ycn¬ ]usemkv Xs∂Øs∂ kqNn∏n°phm≥ ]v\yqam

(pneumapneumapneumapneumapneuma) F∂ ]Zw D]tbmKn°p∂p≠v (H.t\m. 1 sImcn. 2:11; 5:3,14; 7:34; 16:8; sImsem. 2:5). Cu kμ¿`Øn¬

Xo¿®bmbpw hm. 10, 15 Cu hn`mKØn¬ s]Spw.

""]ns∂bpw `bs∏tS≠Xn∂p ZmkyØns‚'' ]gb {]IrXnbpsS {]tXyIX `bamWv (H,t\m. F{_m.

2:15). ]pXnb {]IrXnbpsS khntijX hm. 14˛17 ¬ hnhcn®ncn°p∂p.

""A∫m'' IpńIƒ AhcpsS ]nXmhns\ hoń¬ hnfn°p∂ Acmay ]ZamWv CXv (""UmUn,'' ""]∏m'').

tbiphpw As∏mkvXe∑mcpw AcmaybmWv kwkmcn®ncp∂Xv (H.t\m. a¿s°m. 5:41; 14:36; 1 sImcn. 16:22).

hnizmknIƒ°v Ct∏mƒ, tbiphns‚ c‡Ømepw D≈n¬ A[nhkn°p∂ ]cnip≤mflmhns‚ klmbØm-

epw Dd® hnizmktØmsSbpw IpSpw__‘Øns‚ BflhnizmktØmsSbpw hnip≤\mb ssZhØns‚

ASptØ°p hcm≥ Ignbpw (H.t\m. a¿s°m. 14:36; Kem. 4:6). hoWpt]mb a\pjyh¿§Øn\v ssZhsØ

]nXmth F∂p hnfn°m≥ Ignbp∂Xv F{X AXnibIcamWv, \nXy\mb ]cnip≤≥ AXv B{Kln°pIbpw

sNøp∂p. 1:7 se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw: ]nXmhv ImWpI.

""]p{XXzØn≥ Bflmhns\'' tdma≥ \nba{]Imcw ZsØSp°p∂Xv hfsc {]bmkIcambncp∂p,

F¶nepw Hcn°¬ FSpØpIgn™m¬ AXv ÿncambncp∂p (H.t\m. Kem. 4:4˛6). Cu kmZriyw hnizmkn-

bpsS c£m`{ZX F∂ ssZhimkv{X kXysØ ]n¥pWbv°p∂p (5: se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw ImWpI).

Hcp kzm`mhnI aI\v AhImiw \¬ImXncn°pItbm Ahs\ sIm√pItbm sNømw, ]t£ ZsØSpØ-

hs\ ]mSn√. CXmWv c£sb hnhcn°p∂Xn\p≈ ]usemkns‚ CjvS kmZriyambn CXp Xocm\p≈

ImcWw (H.t\m. hm. 15,23). tbml∂m\pw ]s{Xmkpw ""ho≠pwP\n°pI'' F∂ as‰mcp IpSpw_kw_‘

kmZriyw D]tbmKn°p∂p (H.t\m. tbml. 3:3; 1 ]s{Xm. 1:3,23). ]q¿Æ hniZoIcWØn\v KemXy¿ 4:5

s‚ Ipdn∏v Hm¨sse\n¬ ImWpI: www.freebiblecommentary.org.

""Bflmhns\'' Bflmhv F∂Xn\p≈ {Ko°p]Zw \]pwkIamWv, AXn\m¬ KJV CXns\ “the Spirit,

168

itself” F∂p X¿÷a sNbvXp. F∂m¬ Bflmhv hy‡nbmWv; Ahs\ ZpxJn∏n°phm≥ Ignbpw (H.t\m.

Fs^. 4:30; 1 sX . 5:19), AXn\m¬ “the Spirit, himself” F∂XmWv icn X¿÷a. 8:27 se {]tXyI

]T\hnjbw: Bflmhns‚ BfXzw ImWpI.

""\mw ssZhØns‚ a°ƒ F∂p BflmhpXm\pw \ΩpsS BflmthmSpIqsS km£yw ]dbp∂p''

hm. 13 ¬ {i≤n®Xpt]mse, hnizmk Dd∏ns‚ Hcp hiw hnizmknIfpsS cq]m¥cs∏´Xpw cq]m¥cs∏´psIm-

≠ncn°p∂Xpamb PohnXamWv (H.t\m. bmt°m_v, 1 tbml∂m≥). Dd∏ns‚ as‰ hiw \Ωn¬ hkn°p∂

Bflmhv ssZhsØ°pdn®p≈ `bw am‰n ]Icw IpSpw_ kvt\lw \¬In F∂XmWv (H.t\m. 1 tbml.

4:17˛18).

RSV, NRSV F∂nh Cu hmNIsØ X¿÷a sNbvXncn°p∂Xp {i≤n°pI: ""\mw A∫m, ]nXmth

F∂p hnfn°ptºmƒ! \mw ssZhØns‚ a°ƒ F∂v Bflmhv Xm\pw \ΩpsS BflmthmSp IqsS km£yw

]dbp∂p'' (H.t\m. Kem. 4:6). hnizmknIƒ°v Bflmhn\m¬ ssZhsØ ]nXmth F∂p hnfn°m≥

IgnbptºmgmWv Dd∏p e`n°p∂Xv F∂mWnXp kqNn∏n°p∂Xv.

Bflmhns‚ B¥cnI km£yw tIƒ°mhp∂X√, adn®v {]mtbmKnIamWv.

1. ]m]sØ°pdn®p≈ Ip‰t_m[w

2. {InkvXphns\t∏msebmIm\p≈ B{Klw

3. ssZh`h\°mtcmSpIqsS Bbncn°m\p≈ B{Klw

4. ssZhhN\Øn\mbp≈ hni∏v

5. kphntijoIcWØns‚ Bhiyw a\ nem°¬

6. XymK]camb {InkvXob Zm\w sNøens‚ Bhiyw Xncn®dnb¬

CØcØnep≈ B¥cnI B{KlßfmWv am\km¥cØns‚ hnizmk sXfnhpIƒ \¬Ip∂Xv.

c£bpsS Dd∏v Hcp k`mhn`mK hnjbambn amdnbn´p≠v.

1. tdma≥ ItØmen°m k` CltemI PohnXØn¬ CØcw Dd∏p e`n°p∂Xn\p≈ km[yX

X≈n°fbp∂p, adn®v Hcph≥ ""kXy'' k`bpsS AwKambncn°p∂XmWv Dd∏ns‚ ASnÿm\w.

2. tPm¨ Im¬hn≥ (\hoIcW ]mcºcyw) Dd∏v Xncs™Sp∏ns‚ (ap≥\n¿Æbw) ASnÿm\Ønem-

sW∂p hmZn®p, F¶nepw Cu PohnXw Ign™v \ymbhn[n Zn\w hsc Hcph\v AXns\°pdn®v

Dd∏m°m≥ IgnIbns√∂p At±lw hnizkn®p.

3. tPm¨ sh…n (saXUnÃv ]mcºcyw) Dd∏ns\ kºq¿Æ kvt\lØn¬ ASnÿm\s∏SpØn

(Adnbs∏Sp∂ ]m]Øn\v AXoXambn Pohn°pI).

4. an° _m]v‰nÃpIfpw Dd∏ns\ kuP\y Ir]sb°pdn®p≈ thZ]pkvXI hmKvZØßfn¬ Dd∏n°m≥

{ian°p∂p (F¶nepw kIe ap∂dnbn∏pIsfbpw Blzm\ßsfbpw AhKWn°p∂p).

{InkvXob Dd∏ns\°pdn®p≈ ]pXnb \nbaØns‚ sshcp≤y AhXcWØn\v c≠v A]ISßfmWp≈Xv.

1. ""Hcn°¬ c£n°s∏´m¬ Fs∂t∂°pw c£n°s∏´p'' F∂ AanX Du∂¬

2. c£ \ne\n¿Øp∂Xn\v am\pjnI {]IS\Øn\p \¬Ip∂ AanX Du∂¬

F{_m. 6 hy‡ambn ]Tn∏n°p∂Xv ""Hcn°¬ ]pdØmbm¬ Fs∂t∂bv°pw ]pdØmWv'' F∂mWv.

am\pjnI {]bXv\w (k¬{]hrØnIƒ) hnizmknIsf c£bn¬ \ne\n¿ØpIbn√ (H.t\m. Kem. 3:1˛4).

F∂m¬ k¬{]hrØnIƒ {InkvXob PohnXØns‚ e£yamWv (H.t\m. Fs^. 2:10). ssZhsØ I≠p-

ap´pIbpw Bflmhv D≈n¬ hkn°pIbpw sNøp∂Xns‚ kzm`mhnI ^eamWv Ah. Hcphs‚ bYm¿∞

am\km¥cØns‚ sXfnhmWv Ah.

`{ZX F∂Xv hnip≤n°pth≠nbp≈ thZ]pkvXI Blzm\sØ AXnPohn°m\p≈X√. ssZhimkv{X-

]cambn ]d™m¬, `{ZX F∂Xv {XntbI ssZhØns‚ kz`mhØnepw {]hrØnIfnepw ASnÿm\-

s∏´XmWv.

1. ]nXmhns‚ kvt\lhpw IcpWbpw

2. ]p{Xs‚ ]q¿ØoIcn°s∏´ bmK {]hrØn

3. Bflmhv {InkvXphn¶te°p \bn°p∂Xpw XpS¿∂v lrZbØn¬ {InkvXphns\ Dcphm°p∂Xpw

Cu c£bpsS sXfnhv F∂p ]dbp∂Xv cq]m¥cw kw`hn® temIho£Ww, cq]m¥cs∏´ lrZbw,

cq]m¥cs∏´ PohnXssien, cq]m¥s∏´ {]Xymi F∂nhbmWv (AXm. ^ew, H.t\m. aØm. 7:15˛23;

13 20˛23; tbml. 15). c£sbt∏msebpw {InkvXob PohnXsØt∏msebpw `{ZXbpw ssZhØns‚ IcpW-

tbmSp≈ Hcp {]XnIcWØn¬ Bcw`n°pIbpw B {]XnIcWw BPoh\m¥w XpS¿∂psIm-≠ncn°bpw

sNøp∂p. AXv cq]m¥cw kw`hn®Xpw cq]m¥cs∏´psIm≠ncn°p∂Xpamb hnizmk PohnXamWv.

""km£yw ]dbp∂p'' CXv as‰mcp kp≥ kwbp‡amWv. Bflmhv hnizmknbpsS BflmthmSp tN¿∂v

kl˛km£yw hln°p∂p. ]usemkv Cu ]Zw 2:15; 8:16; 9:1 epw D]tbmKn°p∂p.

8:17 ""F¶ntem'' hm. 9,10,11,13[2 {]mhiyw],17[2 {]mhiyw] F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ tkm]m-[nI hmN-I-ß-fpsS Hcp

]c-ºc ImWmw. Ah-sb√mw Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚ ho£-W-Øn¬ kXy-am-btXm As√-¶n¬ Ahs‚ cN-t\m-

t±-iy-Øn\p th≠n-bp-≈tXm Bb H∂mwXcw tkm]m-[nI hmN-Ißfm-Wv. tdmam k`-bnse Xs‚ hmb-\-

169

°m¿ F√m-hcpw hnizm-kn-I-fm-sW∂v ]usemkv A\p-am-\n-°p-∂p.

Cu hmIyØn¬ kp≥ D]tbmKn°p∂ kwbp‡]Zßfp≠v. AXn\¿∞w, ""kl ]¶mfnØw'' F∂mWv.

1. hnizmknIƒ {InkvXphpambn AhImiw ]¶nSp∂p

2. hnizmknIƒ {InkvXphpambn IjvSX ]¶nSp∂p

3. hnizmknIƒ {InkvXphpambn tXP v ]¶nSp∂p

hm. 22 [2 {]mhiyw], 26, 28¬ IqSpX¬ kp≥ kwbp‡ßfp≠v. Fs^. 2:5˛6 ¬ {InkvXphn¬ hnizmknbpsS

PohnXsØ kqNn∏n°p∂ aq∂v kp≥ kwbp‡ßfp≠v.

""AhIminIƒ'' hnizmknIsf hnhcn°p∂ as‰mcp IpSpw_ kmZriyamWnXv (H.t\m. 4:13˛14; 9:8;

Kem. 3:29). Xmsgs°mSpØncn°p∂ {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw ImWpI.

{]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: hnizmknIfpsS AhImiw

hnizmknIƒ°v kIeØns‚bpw AhIminbmb (H.t\m. F{_m. 1:2) tbiphpambp≈ IpSpw__‘w

\nanØw Iq´hImiambn In´nb At\I AhImißsf°pdn®v thZ]pkvXIw ]dbp∂p≠v (H.t\m.

{]hr. 20:32; 26:18; Fs^. 1:4; sImsem. 1:12; 3:24). Ah¿ Xmsg∏dbp∂hbv°p Iq´hIminIfmWv

(H.t\m. tdma. 8:17; Kem. 4:7)

1. cmPyØn\v (H.t\m. aØm. 25:34; 1 sImcn. 6:9˛10; 15:50; Fs^. 5:5)

2. \nXyPoh\v (H.t\m. aØm. 19:29; F{_m. 9:15)

3. ssZhnI hmKvZØßƒ°v (H.t\m. F{_m. 6:12)

4. ssZhnI hmKvZØßsf Ah≥ ImØpsIm≈p∂Xp kw_‘n®v (H.t\m. 1 ]s{Xm. 1:4˛5)

""Iq´hIminIƒ'' CXv as‰mcp kp≥ kwbp‡amWv. {InkvXphns‚bpw hnizmkIfpsSbpw ]¶nSs∏´

acWsØbpw Pohs\bpw {]Xn]mZn°phm≥ A[ymbw 8 ¬ ]usemkv At\I ]pXnb ]Zßƒ \n¿Ωn°p-

∂p≠v.

1. Iq´hIminIƒ, hm. 17

2. IqsS IjvSa\p`hn°pI, hm. 17

3. IqsS tXP v {]m]n°pI, \m. 17

""Aht\mSpIqsS tXPkvIcn°s∏tS≠Xn∂p'' tbml∂ms‚ kphntijØn¬ tbip Ft∏msgms°

Xs‚ acWsØ°pdn®p kwkmcn°p∂pt≠m At∏msgms° Ah≥ AXns\ ""tXPkvIcns∏SpI'' F∂m-

Wv hnfn°p∂Xv. tbip Xs‚ IjvSm\p`hßfneqsS tXPkvIcn°s∏´p. hnizmknIƒ ÿm\obambpw

an°t∏mgpw A\p`h]cambpw tbiphns‚ PohnXm\p`hßsf ]¶nSp∂p (H.t\m. tdma¿ 6). 5:17˛18 se

{]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: ssZh-cm-Py-Øn¬ hmgpI, ImWp-I.

NASB, NKJV ""Aht\mSpIqsS I„a\p`hn®met{X''

NRSV ""hmkvXhambn \mw Aht\mSpIqsS I„a\p`hn®m¬''

TEV ""\mw {InkvXphns‚ IjvSßƒ ]¶sh®m¬''

NJB ""Ahs‚ IjvSßƒ ]¶pshbv°p∂XneqsS''

hoWpt]mb temIØn¬ hnizknIƒ°p≈XmWv IjvSX (H.t\m. aØm. 5:10˛12; tbml. 15:18˛21;

16:1˛2; 17:14; {]hr. 14:22; tdma. 5:3˛4; 8:17; 2 sImcn. 4:16˛18; ^nen. 1:29; 1 sX . 3:3; 2 Xnsam. 3:12; bmt°m.

1:2˛4; 1 ]s{Xm. 4:12˛19). tbip amXrI ImWn®p (H.t\m. F{_m. 5:8). Cu A[ymbØns‚ XpS¿∂p≈

`mKw Cu BibsØ hn]peoIcn°p∂p. 5:3 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: hnizm-kn-Iƒ IjvS-X-b-\p-`-hn-

°p-∂-sX-¥p-sIm≠v?, ImWp-I.

tdma¿ 8:18˛2518\Ωn¬ shfns∏Sphm\p≈ tXP p hnNmcn®m¬ Cu ImeØnse I„ßƒ kmcan√ F∂p

Rm≥ FÆp∂p. 19kr„n ssZh]p{X∑mcpsS shfn∏mSns\ BImw£tbmsS ImØncn°p∂p.20kr„n {ZhXzØns‚ ZmkyØn¬\n∂p hnSpXepw ssZha°fpsS tXP mIp∂ kzmX{¥yhpw

{]m]n°pw F∂p≈ BitbmsS amsb°p Iogvs]´ncn°p∂p. 21a\x]q¿Δambn´√, AXns\ Iogvs]-

SpØnbhs‚ Iev]\ \nanØat{X. 22k¿Δkr„nbpw C∂phsc Hcpt]mse Rcßn Cu‰p-

t\mthmSncn°p∂p F∂p \mw Adnbp∂pht√m. 23Bflmsh∂ BZyZm\w e`n®ncn°p∂ \mapw

170

\ΩpsS icocØns‚ hos≠Sp∏mb ]p{XXzØn∂p ImØpsIm≠p D≈n¬ Rcßp∂p. 24{]Xymi-

bmet√m \mw c£n°s∏ńcn°p∂Xp. ImWp∂ {]Xymitbm {]Xymib√; HcpØ≥ ImWp∂Xn-

∂mbn C\n {]Xymin°p∂Xp F¥n∂p? 25\mw ImWmØXn∂mbn {]Xymin°p∂p F¶ntem

AXn∂mbn £atbmsS ImØncn°p∂p.

8:18 ""\Ωn¬ shfns∏Sphm\p≈'' Cu I¿ΩWn {]tbmKw (Un-t∏m-W‚ v) ssZh-Øns‚ As√-¶n¬ ]cn-

ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ a[y-ÿ-Xsb kqNn-∏n-°p∂p (H.-t\m. hm. 20). hnizm-kn-Iƒ Cu Ime-Øn¬ ImgvN-bm-e√

hnizm-k-Øm-emWv Pohn-°p-∂Xv (H.-t\m. hm. 14; 1 sImcn. 2:9; 13:12; 2 sImcn. 5:7; F{_m. 11:1)

Cu ]Zw tdmam-te-J-\-Øn¬ ]e {]mhiyw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xpw B kXyw a\p-jy-cn¬\n∂pw D≈-

X√ ssZh-Øn¬\n∂pw D≈XmsW∂p kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-am-Wv.

1. {Inb

a. 1:17 ˛ ssZh-Øns‚ \oXn shfn-s∏-Sp∂p (h¿Ø-am-\-Ime I¿ΩWn kqN-Iw)

b. 1:18 ˛ ssZh-Øns‚ tIm]w shfn-s∏-Sp∂p (h¿Ø-am-\-Ime I¿ΩWn kqN-Iw)

c. 8:18 ˛ \Ωn¬ shfn-s∏-Sphm\p≈ tXP v (`qX-Ime I¿ΩWn tIh-e-{Inb)

2. \maw

a. 2:5 ˛ ssZh-Øns‚ \oXnbp≈ \ymbhn[n shfn-s∏-Sp∂ tIm]-Zn-hkw

b. 8:19 ˛ kr„n ssZh]p{X∑mcpsS shfn∏mSns\ BImw£tbmsS ImØncn°p∂p

c. 16:25 ˛ a¿Ω-Øns‚ shfn-∏m-Sn\v A\p-k-c-W-am-bp≈

""tXP p ... kmc-an√'' Cu c≠p ]Z-ßfpw Xq°sØ kqNn-∏n-°p∂ ]g-b-\n-ba Bi-b-tØmSp _‘-

s∏-´-XmWv ˛ `mc-ap-≈Xv hne-bp-≈-Xm-Wv. ""D≈n-S-tØmfw Xq°-ap≈'' F∂¿∞w hcp∂ hmWnPy ]Z-am-

Wv ""kmc-ap-≈-Xv.'' ""tXP v'' F∂ F{_m-b-]-Zhpw ""I\-ap-≈Xv'' F∂ aqe-]-Z-Øn¬\n∂pw h∂n-´p-≈-Xm-

Wv. kz¿Æw-t]mse aqey-ap-≈Xv F∂ Bi-b-am-Wn-Xn-\p-≈-Xv. 3:23 se ]q¿Æ hni-Zo-I-cWw ImWp-I.

]usem-kns‚ Fgp-Øp-I-fn¬ ""tXP v'' F∂p≈-Xn\v Hcp A¥y-Im-e-imkv{X kw_-‘n-bmb A¿∞-

ap≠v (H.-t\m. 2 sImcn. 4:16-˛18). tXP-kvI-cn-°-s∏-´, Db¿Ø-s∏´ {InkvXp-hns‚ hc-hns‚ {]uVnsbbpw

i‡n-sbbpamWXv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv (H.-t\m. sImsem. 3:4). 3:23 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: tXP v, ImWpI.

""Cu ImeØnse'' temI-Øns‚ Ncn-{XsØ c≠mbn hn`-Pn-®n-´p-≈-Xmbn sblq-Z-∑m¿ hniz-kn-®n-cp-

∂p. Ct∏m-gsØ ZpjvS bpKhpw hcm-\n-cn-°p∂ \oXn-bpsS ]pXnb bpKhpw (H.-t\m. aØm. 12:32; a¿s°m.

10:30). \oXn-bpsS ]pXnb bpKsØ ÿm]n-°p-hm≥ ainlm hcp-∂Xv ]gb \nbaw {]Xo-£n-®p. F¶nepw

H∂m-aXv \ΩpsS c£-I-\mbpw (P-U-[m-c-Ww) c≠m-aXv \ΩpsS I¿Øm-hmbpw (c≠mw hc-hv) D≈ {InkvXp-

hns‚ c≠p hc-hp-Iƒ, Cu c≠p bpK-ßƒ ]c-kv]cw Ihn-™p-In-S-°p-∂-Xn\p Imc-W-am-bn. hnizm-kn-Iƒ

ssZh-cm-Py-Øns‚ ""h∂p-I-gn™p'' ""F∂m¬ Bbn-ń√'' F∂nh XΩn-ep≈ kwL¿j-Øn-emWv Pohn-°p-

∂-Xv. 12:2 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: Cu bpKhpw hcm-\p≈ bpKhpw ImWp-I.

""IjvS-ßƒ'' {InkvXp-hns\ tkhn-°p-∂-Xn-t\m-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬ \ap-°p-≠m-Ip∂ IjvS-ß-fpsS Nne

kqN-\-Iƒ Cu hmIy-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw \ap°p e`n-°p∂p: 1 sImcn. 4:9˛12; 1 sImcn. 4:7˛12; 6:4˛10; 11:24˛27;

F{_m. 11:35-˛38.

""FÆp∂p'' CXv B£cnIambn ""IW°pIq´pI'' F∂mWv. CsXmcp h¿Øam\Ime a[y kqNIamWv.

{InkvXob IjvS-X-bpsS {]mtbm-Kn-I-X-I-sf-°p-dn®v ]usemkv ]ns∂bpw {]kvXm-hn-°p-I-bm-Wv. Hcp \nK-

a-\-Øn¬ {i≤m-]q¿Δw FØn-t®cp∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn®p ]d-bp∂ A°u≠nwKv ]Z-am-Wn-Xv. tdmam-te-J-\-Øn¬

Bh¿Øn®p hcp∂ hnj-b-am-WnXv (2:3 se Ipdn∏p ImWp-I). hnizm-kn-Iƒ Ah¿ {Kln® BflnI kXy-

ßƒ°-\p-k-cn®p Pohn-°-Ww.

8:18 ""kr„n ... BImw£tbmsS ImØncn°p∂p'' ùXnI krjvSnsb Xe Db¿Øn N{I-hm-f-Øn-te°v

BImw-£-tbmsS t\m°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂ -Hcp hy‡n-bmbn Nn{Xo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p∂p. BZmapw lΔmbpw a’-

cn-Ifm-b-t∏mƒ krjvSn sX‰mb \ne-bn¬ kzm[o-\-°-s∏´p (H.-t\m. Dev]. 3:17-˛19). kIe krjvSnbpw BXy-

¥n-I-ambn hos≠-Sp-°-s∏Spw (a-’-cn-I-fmb ZqX-∑mcpw, Ahn-izm-kn-I-fmb a\p-jycpw, Ah-¿°pth≠n Hcp-

°n-bn-´p≈ ÿehpw Hgn-sI, H.-t\m. {_qkv tIm¿en & I¿ńkv thmK≥, tdma≥kv, t]Pv 95, ^p´vt\m´v 46).

""BImw£tbmsS ImØncn°p∂p'' F∂ {Inb (h¿Ø-am-\-Ime a[y [Un-t∏m-W‚ v] kqN-Iw) Cu

kμ¿`-Øn¬ aq∂p {]mhiyw hcp-∂p-≠v.

1. \m. 19 ˛ krjvSn ]pXnb bpK-Øn-\mbn BImw-£-tbmsS ImØn-cn-°p∂p

2. hm. 23 ˛ hnizm-kn-Iƒ ]pXnb ico-c-Øn-\mbn BImw-£-tbmsS ImØn-cn-°p∂p

3. hm. 25 ˛ hnizm-kn-Iƒ ]pXnb bpK-Øns‚ {]Xym-i-bn¬ BImw-£-tbmsS ImØn-cn-°p∂p

]usemkv CtX {Inb CtX A¿∞-Øn¬ 1 sImcn. 1:7; Kem. 5:5; ^nen. 3:20 epw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-≠v.

c≠mw-h-chv hnizm-kn-Isf kw_-‘n®v Hcp `bm-\I kw`-h-a-√, adn®v Hcp IpSpw_ kwK-a-amWv!

171

{]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: {]IrXn hn`-h-ßƒ

I. apJ-hpc

A. kIe krjvSnbpw a\p-jy-\p-am-bp≈ ssZh-Øns‚ kvt\l-_-‘-Øn-\p≈ ]›m-Øew As√-

¶n¬ thZn-bmWv

B. AXp hogvN ]¶n´p (H.-t\m. Dev]. 3:17; 6:1 apX¬; sbi. 24:3˛8; tdma. 8:18˛20). H∏w AXv A¥y-

Ime hos≠-Sp∏pw ]¶nSpw (sbi. 11:6˛9; tdma. 8:20-˛22; shfn. 21-˛22)

C. ]m]nbpw hogvN kw`-hn-®-Xp-amb a\p-jy-h¿§w kzm¿∞ emt°msS {]Ir-Xnsb _em-ev°mcw

sNbvXp. FtUz¿Uv Im¿s∏‚-dns‚ Z Imt\m≥ Hm^v shÃvan≥Ã-dn¬ \n∂p≈ D≤-c-Wn-bm-

Wn-Xv.

""a\p-jys‚ \nc-¶p-i-amb AXn-{I-aw, BtKm-f-X-e-Øn¬, Ah\p Np‰p-ap≈ {]]-©-Øn-

emWv Ac-tß-dp-∂-Xv ˛ Ah≥ aen-\-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ A¥-co-£-Øn-t∑-ep≈ B{I-aWw, Ah≥

NoØ-bm-°p∂ {]IrXn-bpsS Pe-t{km-X nt∑-ep≈, Ah≥ hnj-en-]vX-am°p∂ aÆn-t∑-ep≈,

Ah≥ Acn-™p-ho-gvØp∂ h\-Øn-t∑-ep≈ B{I-aWw Zqc-hym-]I \mi-Øn\p Imc-W-am-Ip-

∂p. Cu B{IaWw mKw`mKambpw AkwLSnXambpw BWv kw`hn°p∂Xv. Ahtijn°p∂

{]IrXn°v Bcpw {i≤ sImSp°mØXn\m¬ Hcp Xeapd ASpØ XeapdbpsS DØchmZnXz-

ßƒ Gs‰Sp°msX t]mIp∂p.''

D. \ΩpsS {KlØnt∑ep≈ \ΩpsS NqjWØns‚bpw aen\oIcWØns‚bpw Zpc¥êßƒ

\mw sImøp∂psh∂p am{Xa√ \ΩpsS hcpwXeapdIƒ IqSpX¬ ITn\amb Zpc¥êßƒ

A\p`hn°m≥ CShcnIbpw sNøp∂p.

II. thZ]pkvXIw F¥p]dbp∂p

A. ]gb \nbaw

1. Dev]Øn 1˛3

a. a\pjy\pambn Iq´mbva BNcn°p∂Xn\mbn ssZhw krjvSn® {]tXyI ÿeamWv

krjvSn (H.t\m. Dev]. 1:1˛25).

b. krjvSn \√XmWv (H.t\m. Dev]. 1:4,10,12,18,21,25), F{Xbpw \√XmWv (H.t\m. Dev].

1:31). AXv ssZhØns‚ km£nbmbncn°m≥ krjvSn°s∏´XmWv (H.t\m. k¶o.

19:1˛16).

c. krjvSnbpsS aIpSamWv a\pjy≥ (H.t\m. Dev]. 1:26˛27).

d. a\pjy≥ ssZhØns‚ ImcyhnNmcI\mbn (H.t\m. Dev]. 2:28˛30; k¶o. 8:3˛8; F{_m.

2:6˛8) hmgphm≥ (F{_mb ""Nhn´pI'') Dt±in°s∏ń´p≈h\mWv. ssZhw krjvSnbpsS

{kjvSmhv/]cn]meI≥/hos≠Sp∏pImc≥/I¿Ømhv BWv F∂pw Bbncn°pIbpw

sNøpw (H.t\m. ]pd. 19:5; Ctøm. 37˛41; k¶o. 24:1˛2; 95:3˛5; 102:25; 115:15; 121:2; 124:8;

134:3; 146:6; sbi. 37:16).

d. krjvSnbpsS taep≈ a\pjys‚ ImcyhnNmcIXzw Dev]. 2:15 ¬ ImWmw, ""thesNbv

hm\pw AXns\ Im∏m\pw'' (H.t\m. tehy. 25:13; 1 Zn\. 29:14).

2. ssZhw krjvSnsb kvt\ln°p∂p, {]tXyIm¬ arKßsf.

a. icnbmb arKkwc£WØn\p≈ tamssiI \nbaßƒ

b. btlmh enhymYmt\msSmØv Ifn°p∂p (H.t\m. k¶o. 104:26)

c. ssZhw arKßƒ°pth≠n IcpXp∂p (H.t\m. tbm\m 4:11)

d. {]IrXnbpsS A¥yIme km∂n[yw (H.t\m. sbi. 11:6˛9; shfn∏mSv 21˛22).

3. {]IrXn Hcp ]cn[nhsc ssZhsØ alXzs∏SpØp∂p

a. k¶o. 19:1˛6

b. k¶o. 29:1˛9

c. Ctøm_v 37˛41

4. ssZhw DSºSntbmSp≈ Xs‚ kvt\lhpw hnizkvXXbpw shfns∏SpØp∂ Hcp am¿§amWv

{]IrXn

a. Bh. 27˛28; 1 cmPm. 17

b. {]hN\ßfnepS\ofw

A. ]pXnb \nbaw

1. ssZhsØ {kjvSmhmbn ImWp∂p. Hcp {kjvSmth D≈p, {XntbI ssZhw (Ftemlnw,

Dev]. 1:1; Bflmhv, Dev]. 1:2; tbip, ]pXnb\nbaw). _m°nsb√mw krjvSn°s∏´hbmWv.

172

a. {]hrØn 17:24

b. F{_mb¿ 11:3

c. shfn∏mSv 4:11

2. tbip krjvSnbpsS a[yÿ\mWv

a. tbml. 1:3,10

b. 1 sImcn. 8:6

c. sImsem. 1:16

d. F{_m. 1:2

3. tbip Xs‚ {]`mjWßfn¬ t\cn´v {]IrXntbmSp≈ ssZhnI IcpXens\°pdn®v

kwkmcn®p

a. aØm. 6:26,28˛30, BImiØnse ]dhIfpw hbense Xmacbpw

b. aØm. 10:29, IpcnIn¬

c. sImsem. 1:16

4. kIe a\pjy¿°pw krjvSnbneqsS ssZhsØ Adnbm\p≈ DØchmZnXzaps≠∂v

]usemkv {]kvXmhn®p, (H.t\m. tdma. 1:19˛20; shfn. 21˛22)

III. D]kwlmcw

A. \mw Cu {]IrXnbpsS {IatØmSp _‘n°s∏´ncn°p∂p!

B. ]m]nbmb a\pjy≥ ssZhØns‚ F√m \√ Zm\ßtfmSpw sNbvXXpt]mse ssZhØns‚

Zm\amb {]IrXnsbbpw If¶s∏SpØn.

C. Cu {]IrXnbpsS {Iaw Xmev°menIamWv. CXp \oßnt∏mIm\p≈XmWv (2 ]s{Xm. 3:7).

ssZhw \ΩpsS temIØns‚ Ncn{XØns‚ Nßebnte°p ]n¥≈pw. ]m]w AXns‚ apt∂‰w

XpScpsa¶nepw ssZhw AXns‚ AXncpIsf \n›bn®n´p≠v. krjvSn hos≠Sp°s∏Spw (H.t\m.

tdma. 8:18˛25).

""ssZh]p{X∑mcpsS'' hnizmknIsf kqNn∏n°phm≥ D]tbmKn®ncn°p∂ km[mcW IpSpw_ kw_‘n-

bmb kmZriyamWnXv (H.t\m. 8:14,16). ssZhw ]nXmhmbpw tbip AXpey\mb ]p{X\mbpw CXp Nn{Xo-

Icn°p∂p (H.t\m. tbml. 1:18; 3:16,18; F{_m. 1:2; 3:6; 5:8; 7:28; 1 tbml. 4:9).

]gb \nbaØn¬ bn{kmtb¬ ssZhØns‚ ]p{X\mWv (H.t\m. tlmti. 11:1), AXpt]mse cmPmhpw

ssZh]p{X\mWv (H.t\m. 2 iaq. 7). Cu Bibw ]pXnb\nbaØn¬ BZyw ImWp∂Xv aØm. 5:9 emWv

(IqSmsX tbml. 1:12; 2 sImcn. 6:18; Kem. 3:26; 1 tbml. 3:1,10; shfn. 21:7).

""shfn∏mSns\'' Cu ]ZØn\¿∞w shfns∏SpØphmt\m hnhcw Bdnbn°phmt\m ""ad\o°pI''

F∂mWv. ]pXnb \nbaØnse Ahkm\ ]pkvXIØns‚ t]cpw CXmWv. c≠mw hchns\ ]et∏mgpw

shfn∏mSv As√¶n¬ hchv F∂p ]dbmdp≠v (H.t\m. 1 sImcn. 1:7˛8; 1 ]s{Xm. 17,23).

8:20 ""kr„n {ZhXzØns‚ ZmkyØn¬\n∂p hnSpXepw'' {]IrXn \nXyXbpsS `mKambnØocpw (H.t\m.

sbi. 11:6˛10). kz¿§w ]p\xkrjvSn°s∏´ `qanbnte°v aSßnhcpw (H.t\m. aØm. 5:18; 24:35; 2 ]s{Xm. 3:10;

shfn. 21:1). `mhn Xo¿®bmbpw GsZs‚ kt¥mjØns‚ bYmÿm]\ambncn°pw; a\pjy\pw ssZhhp-

ambpw a\pjy\pw a\pjy\pambpw a\pjy\pw arKßfpambpw a\pjy\pw qanbpambpw D≈ Iq´mbvabmWXv.

thZ]pkvXIw Bcw`n°p∂Xv ssZhhpw a\pjy\pw arKßfpw GsZs‚ ]›mØeØn¬ Iq´mbvabnepw

sFIyXbnepw Ignbp∂Xmbn´mWv (H.t\m. Dev]. 1˛2), ss__nƒ Ahkm\n°p∂Xpw AtX coXnbnemWv

(H.t\m. shfn∏mSv 21˛22).

""{ZhXzw'' 1:23 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWp-I.

""ssZha°fpsS tXP mIp∂ kzmX{¥yhpw {]m]n°pw'' hm. 14 ¬ hnizmknIsf ""ssZha°ƒ''

(ssZhØns‚ ]p{X∑m¿) F∂p hnfn®ncn°p∂p. hm. 16 ¬ ""ssZhØns‚ a°ƒ'' F∂pw hm. 17¬ ""ssZh-

Øns‚ AhIminIƒ'' F∂pw hnfn®ncn°p∂p. hm. 19 ¬ krjvSn ssZh]p{X∑mcpsS shfn∏mSns\ BImw£-

tbmsS ImØncn°p∂p F∂p ImWp∂p. ImcWw AXv AhcpsS A¥yIme tXP v ]¶nSphm\p≈XmWv

(H.t\m. hm. 21). krjvSnbpsS Cu bYmÿm]\w, {]tXyIn® a\pjycpsS, krjvSnbpsS bYm¿∞ Dt±iyw

km£mXvIcn°phm≥ klmbn°pw AXmbXv ssZhhpw (Ahs‚ kzcq]Øn¬ \n¿Ωn°s∏´) a\pjy\pw

XΩn¬ Bgamb Iq´mbvabn¬ hkn°pI F∂ e£yw.

173

NASB, NKJV,

NRSV ""krjvSn amsb°p Iogvs]ńcn°p∂p''

TEV ""krjvSn {]tbmP\clnXambncn°m≥ in£hn[n°s∏ńcn°p∂p''

NJB ""krjvSnbpsS `mKsØ hogvNsIm≠√ AXn\v AXns‚ e£yw ssIhcn°m≥

IgnbmXncn°p∂Xv''

CXns\ amb F∂p X¿÷a sNøm≥ Ignbpw. sk]v‰zPn‚n¬ CXv hnhn[ A¿∞ßfn¬ X¿÷a

sNbvXn´p≠v ˛ A¿∞iq\yw, hnebn√mØXv, D]tbmKiq\yw, hymPssZhßƒ (hn{Klßƒ), iq\yX.

kIe krjvSnbpw ssZhØns‚ Dt±iyØn¬ D]tbmKiq\yambn (H.t\m. Dev]. 3:17˛19; sbi. 24:3˛8),

F¶nepw Hcp\mƒ ssZhw hogvNbpsS im]w am‰pw (H.t\m. shfn. 22:3). CX√ ssZhØns‚ a\ n¬

D≠mbncp∂ temIw!

8:21 ""a\x]q¿Δambn´√, AXns\ Iogvs]SpØnbhs‚ Iev]\ \nanØat{X'' Cu {Inb `qXIme I¿Ω-

Wn {]tbmKhpw ssZhsØ ]cma¿in°p∂XpamWv (H.t\m. NASB, NKJV, TEV). Ah≥ uXnI krjvSnsb

ambbv°p Iogvs]SpØnbncn°p∂p

1. a\pjys‚ a’cw \nanØw

2. a\pjys\ X∂nte°p Xncn°m\p≈ Hcp {iasa∂ \nebn¬ (H.t\m. Bh¿Ø\w 27˛29)

Cu a\∏q¿Δamb \njv{]tbmP\w Hcp kabtØ°p am{XamWv (H.t\m. tdma. 11:11˛32). hos≠Sp°s∏´

a\pjy\v ùXnI `mhn hmKvZm\w sNøs∏ńcn°p∂p (icochpw temIhpw).

BZmans‚ a’cw ssZhw ap∂dn™ncp∂p. Ah≥ AXp kw`hn°phm≥ A\phZn°pIbpw hogvN

kw`hn® temIØn¬ hogvN kw`hn® a\pjyt\msSm∏w {]h¿Øn°p∂Xp Xncs™Sp°pIbpw sNbvXp.

Cu temIambncn°pIbn√ C\n Hcp \mƒ ImWm≥ t]mIp∂Xv (H.t\m. 2 ]s{Xm. 3:10; shfn. 21:1˛3). 5:2 ¬

""{]Xymi'' sb°pdn®p≈ Ipdn∏pIƒ ImWpI.

8:22 ""k¿Δkr„nbpw C∂phsc Hcpt]mse Rcßn'' CXv ]usemkns‚ as‰mcp kp≥ kwbp‡amWv,

""Hcpan®p Rcßn.'' Ah≥ bnscaymhv 12:4,11 (H.t\m. Bh. 27˛29) D≤cn°pIbmbncn°mw ˛ AhnsS

a\pjys‚ ]m]w \nanØw kw`hn® \miw \nanØw bn{kmtb¬ hne]n°p∂Xp ImWmw.

Cu kμ¿`Øn¬ ""RcßpI'' F∂Xv aq∂p {]mhiyw D]tbmKn®ncn°p∂Xp {i≤n°pI.

1. krjvSn ]pXnb bpKØns‚ hchn\mbn Rcßp∂p (h¿Øam\Ime I¿Øcn kqNIw), hm. 22

(H.t\m. hm. 19˛21)

2. hnizmknIƒ AhcpsS ]q¿Æamb c£bv°pth≠n Rcßp∂p (AXmbXv ]pXnb icocw, H.t\m.

2 sImcn. 5:2,4), hm. 23

3. ]pXnb bpKØns‚ BZyZm\ambn \evIs∏´ ]cnip≤mflmhpw Rcßp∂p (hnizmknIƒ°pth≠n

{]m¿∞n°p∂p (h¿Øam\Ime I¿Øcn kqNIw), hm. 26

""Cu‰pt\mthmSncn°p∂p'' sblqZ ]›mØeØn¬ Cu BibsØ ]et∏mgpw ""]pXnb bpKØns‚

{]khthZ\'' F∂mWp hnfn®ncp∂Xv (H.t\m. a¿s°m. 13:8). \oXnbpsS ]pXnb bpKØns‚ DZbw {]iv\-

ßƒ IqSmsXbp≈X√. Cu hogvN kw`hn® {KlØns‚ [m¿ΩnIhpw BflnIhpamb AhÿIƒ

IqSpX¬ IqSpX¬ tamiambns°m≠ncn°pw (H.t\m. aØmbn 24; a¿s°mkv 13; eqs°mkv 21; 2 sX .

2:1˛2; shfn∏mSv 5˛18 se Ggp ap{ZIƒ, Ggp Imlfßƒ, Ggp Ieißƒ). F¶nepw {]kh thZ\, hcm≥

t]mIp∂ P\\sØ°pdn®p≈ {]XymibpsSbpw kt¥mjØns‚bpw thZ\ Bbncn°p∂Xpt]msebmWv

]pXnb bpKØn\pth≠nbp≈ thZ\bpw!

8:23 ""Bflmsh∂ BZyZm\w'' Cu ]Zw (A∏m¿Jo˛aparchaparchaparchaparchaparch) 2 sImcn. 1:22 se ""Bflmhns‚ ap{Z'' 2

sImcn. 5:5; Fs^. 1:14 se ""Bflmhns‚ A®mcw'' F∂nhbpsS ssZhimkv{X]camb ]cymbamWv.

]gb \nbaØnse BZyêw hcm\ncn°p∂ sImbvØns‚ hmKvZØambncp∂p. ssZhw kIe sImbvØn-

s‚bpw DSaÿ\msW∂Xns‚ {]XoIambncp∂p AXv (Ht\m. Bh. 26:1˛11). tbip ]p\cp∞m\Øns‚

BZyêambncn°p∂Xpt]mse (H.t\m. 1 sImcn. 15:20) Bflmhv ]pXnb bpKØns‚ BZyêamWv.

hnizmknIƒ ssZhØns‚ a°ƒ F∂ \nebn¬ Ahcn¬ hkn°p∂ ]cnip≤mflmhneqsS kz¿§Ønse

kt¥mjØns‚ Hcp `mKw A\p`hn°p∂p. CXv sblqZ bpKßfpsS ]ckv]cw Ihn™pInS°p∂Xpw

""h∂pIgn™p'' F∂m¬ ""Bbnń√'' F∂Xpamb kwL¿jamWv.

""\mapw ... D≈n¬ Rcßp∂p'' CXv sblqZ bpKßfpsS ]ckv]cw Ihn™pInS°p∂Xpw ""h∂pIgn-

™p'' F∂m¬ ""Bbnń√'' F∂Xpamb ZzμkwL¿jsØ kqNn∏n°p∂XmImw (See Gordon Fee andDouglas Stuart, How to Read the Bible For All Its Worth, pp. 145-148). ssZhcmPyw Ct∏mƒ ChnsSbp≠v

F∂m¬ ]q¿Æambpw h∂nń√. hnizmknIƒ°v Dbn¿∏n≥ Poh\p≠v, F¶nepw Ah¿ Ct∏mgpw imcocnIambn

acn°p∂p (H.t\m. 2 sImcn. 5:2˛4). \mw ]m]Øn¬\n∂pw c£n°s∏´p F¶nepw Ct∏mgpw ]m]tØmSp

174

t]mcmSns°m≠ncn°p∂p (H.t\m. tdma¿ 7; Fs^. 6:10˛18).

""\ΩpsS icocØns‚ hos≠Sp∏mb'' Cu ]ZØn\¿∞w ""XncnsI hmßpI'' F∂mWv. ]gb \nba-

Øn¬ Cu ]Zw D]tbmKn®ncn°p∂Xv Hcphs‚ Nm¿®°m¿ (tKm'F¬) Ahs\ ASnaØØn¬ \n∂pw

aS°nhmßp∂Xns\bmWv (hos≠Sp°pI). CXv ssZhw hoWpt]mb a\pjys\ ]m]Øns‚ ASnaØ-

Øn¬\n∂pw hnSphn°p∂Xn\v Be¶mcnIambn ]d™ph∂p. AXn\p sImSpØ hne PUsaSpØ ]p{Xs‚

]m]an√mØ Poh\mbncp∂p.

""]p{XXzØn∂p ImØpsIm≠p'' ]p{XXzw (ZsØSp∏v) F∂Xv c£sb kqNn∏n°m\p≈ ]usemkns‚

CjvS IpSpw_ kmZriyamWv (H.t\m. hm.15). hnizmknIfpsS c£ F∂Xv am\km¥ctØmSpw hnizmk-

tØmSpw IqSnb Hcp {]mcw` Xocpam\Øn¬ Bcw`n®v h¿≤n°p∂ {InkvXpkmZriyØnte°v hnIkn°p∂

Hcp {]{InbbmWv. ]p\cp∞m\ Zn\w hsc hnizmknIƒ ]q¿Æ-ambn c£n°s∏SpIbn√ (H.t\m. hm. 30; 1

tbml. 3:2).

""ZsØSp∏v (]p{XXzw)'' F∂ ]Zw Nne {Ko°p IsøgpØp{]XnIfn¬ Hgnhm°nbn´p≠v (IsøgpØp

{]XnIƒ P46, D, F, G F∂nhbpw Nne ]pcmX\ eØo≥ ]I¿∏pIfpw). F¶nepw AXv IsøgpØp {]XnIƒ

a, A, B, C, Nne ]pcmX\ eØo≥, hƒtK‰v, kndnbIv, tIm]v‰nIv, A¿Ωo\nb≥ ]cn`mjIfn¬ ImWmw.

AXv Dƒs∏SpØnbncn°p∂Xn\v UBS4 “A”td‰nwKv (Dd-∏p-≈-Xv) \¬Ip∂p. 3:24 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw

ImWp-I.

sblqZ aXwt]mse (H.t\m. Ctøm. 14:14˛15; 19:25˛26; Zm\o. 12:2) {InkvXym\nXzhpw hnizmknIƒ°v

\nXyXbn¬ ùXnI icocaps≠∂p ]Tn∏n°p∂p (F¶nepw AXv a\pjyicocw t]msebmIWsa∂n√,

H.t\m. 1 sImcn. 15:35˛49). hnizmknIfpsS BflnI icocßƒ ]pXnb bpKØnse PohnXØn\pw ssZh-

hpambn ASpØ _‘w ]pe¿Øp∂Xn\pw A\ptbmPyambh Bbncn°pw.

8:24 ""{]Xymibmet√m \mw c£n°s∏ńcn°p∂Xp'' CsXmcp `qXIme I¿ΩWn kqNIamWv. hm. 23

\ΩpsS `mhn c£sb kqNn∏n°ptºmƒ, hm. 24 Bflmhns‚ {]hrØnbneqsSbp≈ \ΩpsS `qXIme

c£sb kqNn∏n°p∂p. ]pXnb \nbaØn¬ c£sb kqNn∏n°m≥ \nch[n {InbmImeßƒ D]tbmKn-

®n´p≠v.

1. `q-X-Im-ew, {]hr. 15:11 (tdma. 8:24; 2 Xnsam. 1:9; XosØm. 3:5; tdma. 13:11 ¬ `qXImew `mhnIme

A¿∞Øn¬ D]tbmKn°p∂p)

2. ]q¿Æ-Im-ew, Fs^. 2:5,8

3. h¿Ø-am-\-Im-ew, 1 sImcn. 1:18; 15:2; 2 sImcn. 2:15; 1 ]s{Xm. 3:21; 4:18

4. `m-hn-Im-ew ({InbmImeØn¬ As√¶n¬ kqN\bn¬), tdma. 5:9,10; 10:9; 1 sImcn. 3:15; ^nen. 1:28; 1

sX . 5:8˛9; F{_m. 1:14; 928.

c£ Hcp {]mY-anI Xocp-am-\-Øn-em-Wm-cw-`n-°p-∂-sX-¶nepw, \nanjw tXm-dpap≈ _‘-Øn¬ apt∂dn

Hcp Znhkw ]q¿Øo-I-c-W-Øn-se-Øp-∂-Xm-Wv (1 tbml. 3:2)

8:25 ""{]Xymi'' Xmsgs°mSpØncn°p∂ {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw ImWpI.

{]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: {]Xymi]usemkv Cu ]Zw ]et∏mgpw hyXykvXhpw F∂ ]ckv]c _‘nXhpamb B¿∞Øn¬ D]tbmKn-

°p∂p≠v. ]et∏mgpw CXv hnizmknbpsS hnizmkØns‚ ]q¿ØoIcWtØmSp _‘s∏´mWv

D]tbmKn°p∂Xv (H.t\m. 1 Xnsam. 1:1). CXns\ tXP v, \nXyPoh≥, BXy¥nI c£, c≠mw hchv

F∂nßs\ hnhcn°mw. ]q¿ØoIcWw Dd∏p≈XmWv, kabw `mhnImeamsW¶nepw A\n›nXamWv.

AXv ]et∏mgpw hnizmkhpw kvt\lhpambn tN¿Øp ]d™ncn°p∂p (H.t\m. 1 sImcn. 13:13; 1 sX .

1:3; 2 sX . 2:16). ]usemkns‚ D]tbmKØns‚ Hcp `mKnI ]ńI ChnsS sImSp°p∂p.

1. c≠mwhchv, Kem. 5:5; Fs^. 1:18; 4:4; XosØm. 2:23

2. tbip \ΩpsS {]Xymi, 1 Xnsam. 1:1

3. hnizmknsb ssZhapºmsI \n¿Øpw, sImsem. 1:22˛23; 1 sX . 2:19

4. {]Xymi kz¿§Øn¬ kq£n®ncn°p∂p, sImsem. 1:5

5. kphntijØn¬ B{ibn°pI, sImsem. 1:23; 1 sX . 2:19

6. BXy¥nI c£, sImsem. 1:5; 1 sX . 4:13; 5:8

7. ssZhØns‚ tXP v, tdma. 5:2; 2 sImcn. 3:12; sImsem. 1:27

8. {InkvXphn\m¬ PmXnIfpsS c£, sImsem. 1:27

9. c£bpsS Dd∏v, 1 sX . 5:8

175

10. \nXyPoh≥, XosØm. 1:2,7

11. {InkvXob hf¿®bpsS êw, tdma. 5:2˛5

12. kIe krjvSnbpsSbpw hos≠Sp∏v, tdma. 8:20˛22

13. ]p{XXzØns‚ ]q¿ØoIcWw, tdma. 8:23˛25

14. ssZhØns‚ \maw, tdma. 15:13

15. hnizknIsf°pdn®p≈ ]usemkns‚ B{Klw, 2 sImcn. 1:7

16. ]pXnb \nba hnizmknIƒ°v ]gb\nbaw Hcp hgnImńsb∂ \nebn¬, tdma. 15:4

""£atbmsS'' lps]mtamWn (u,pomonhu,pomonhu,pomonhu,pomonhu,pomonh) F∂ Cu ]Zw 5:3 epw 15:4˛5 epw D]tbmKn®n´p≠v. hnizmkn-

bpsS c£ ]IzXbnte°p hfcp∂ {]{Inbbpw Hcp\mƒ ]q¿ÆXbnseØp∂XpamWv. klnjvWpX

(H.t\m. shfn. 2:8,11,17,26; 3:5,12,21; 21:7) F∂Xv ""{]mcw` c£'' F∂Xn\p \¬Ip∂ AanX {]m[m\yw

Hgnhm°m\p≈ thZ]pkvXI k¥pe\amWv. an° thZ]pkvXI kXyßfpw (AXm. ]uckvXy kmlnXyw,

3:27 se ]T\hnjbw ImWpI) Zzμzßfmbn, kwL¿j`cnXamb tPmUnIfmbn´mWv AhXcn∏n®n´p≈Xv.

{]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: ÿntcm-’m-l-Øns‚

Bh-iy-IX{InkvXob Pohn-X-tØmSp _‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂ thZ-]p-kvXI D]-tZ-i-ßƒ hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-hm≥ {]bm-

kamWv, ImcWw Ah Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv ]uckvXy \mSp-I-fnse tZi-`m-jm-]-c-amb Zzμ-Øns‚ h¿§-

ß-fm-bn- m-Wv. Cu Zzμ-ßƒ hncp-≤-am-bn -tXm-∂m-sa-¶n-epw, Ah c≠pw thZm-\p-km-c-am-Wv. Hcp kXysØ

Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-Ibpw hn]-co-X-amb kXysØ Ah-K-Wn-°p-Ibpw As√-¶n¬ A]-e-]n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-

∂-Xn-\mWv ]m›mXy {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS {]h-WX. Rm≥ hni-Zo-Icn°mw.

A. c£, {InkvXp-hn¬ B{i-bn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Hcp {]mcw-` Xocp-am\-amtWm AtXm injy-Xz-Øn-

\p≈ Hcp BPoh-\m¥ ka¿∏-W-amtWm?

B. c-£, ]cm-[n-Im-c-ap≈ Hcp ssZh-Øns‚ Ir]-{]-Im-c-ap≈ Xnc-s™-Sp-∏m-tWm AtXm ssZhnI

Zm\-tØm-Sp≈ a\p-jy-Ip-e-Øns‚ ]›m-Øm-]-]-chpw hnizm-k-]-c-hp-amb {]Xn-I-cWw BtWm?

C. c£, Hcn-°¬ e`n-®-tijw \jvS-s∏-Sm≥ Akm-[y-am-bXmtWm AtXm \jvS-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°m≥

\nc-¥cw Pm{KX Bh-iy-ap-≈-XmtWm?

k`m Ncn-{X-Øn¬ XpS¿am-\-ambn ÿntcm-’mlw F∂ hnjbw hnhm-Z-]-c-am-Wv. ]pXnb \nb-a-

Ønse s]mcp-Ø-s∏-SmØ thZ-`m-K-ß-fn-emWv Cu {]iv\w {]Xy-£-Øn¬ Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xv.

A. Dd∏v \¬Ip∂ thZ-`m-K-ßƒ

1. tbip-hns‚ {]kvXm-h-\-Iƒ (tbm-l. 6:37; 10:28˛29).

2. ]usem-kns‚ {]kvXm-h-\-Iƒ (tdm-a. 8:35˛39; Fs^. 1:13; 2:5,8-˛9; ^nen. 1:6; 2:13; 2 sX .

3:3; 2 Xnsam. 1:12; 4:18).

3. ]s{Xm-kns‚ {]kvXm-h-\-Iƒ (1 ]s{Xm. 1:4˛5).

B. ÿntcm-’m-l-Øns‚ Bh-iy-I-X-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ thZ-`m-K-ßƒ

1. tbip-hns‚ {]kvXm-h-\-Iƒ (a-Øm. 10:22; 13:1˛9,24-˛30; 24˛13; a¿s°m. 13:13; tbml. 8:31; 15:4-

˛10; shfn. 2:7,17,20; 3:5,12,21).

2. ]usem-kns‚ {]kvXm-h-\-Iƒ (tdma. 11:22; 1 sImcn. 15:2; 2 sImcn. 13:5; Kem. 1:6; 3:4; 5:4; 6:9;

^nen. 2:1˛12; 3:18-˛20; 2:12, 3:18˛20; sImsem. 1:23).

3. F{_mb teJ\Im-cs‚ {]kvXm-h-\-Iƒ (2:1; 3:6,14; 4:14; 6:11)

4. tbml-∂ms‚ {]kvXm-h-\-Iƒ (1 tbml. 2:6; 2 tbml. 9)

5. ]nXm-hns‚ {]kvXm-h\ (sh-fn. 21:7)

]c-am-[n-Imc ssZhnI {XnXz-Øns‚ Ir], Zb, kvt\lw F∂n-h-bn¬ \n∂mWv ss__n-fnse

c£ km[yam-Ip-∂-Xv. ]cnip-≤m-flm-hns‚ ap≥ssI F-Sp-°¬ C√msX Hcp a\p-jy\pw c£n-°-s∏-Sp-

hm≥ km[y-a-√ (H.-t\m. tbml. 6:44,65). ssZhw BZyw hcn-Ibpw Imcy-]-cn-]mSn ÿm]n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-

∂p, ]t£ a\pjy¿ hnizm-k-tØmSpw ]›m-Øm-]-tØmSpw IqsS, {]mcw-`-am-bn´pw \nc-¥-c-am-bn´pw

{]Xn-I-cn-°-W-sa∂v Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Hcp DS-ºSn {]Im-c-ap≈ _‘-Øn-eq-sS-bmWv ssZhw

a\p-jy-t\mSv IqsS {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xv. AXn¬ A\p-{K-l-ßfpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ßfpw D≠v.

176

F√m a\p-jy¿°pw c£ hmKvZm\w sNø-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p. hoWp-t]mb krjvSn-bpsS ]m]-Øns‚

{]iv\-ß-sf-bmWv tbip-hns‚ acWw ssIImcyw sNøp-∂Xv. ssZhw Hcp hgn \¬Ip-Ibpw Xs‚

kzcq-]-Øn¬ krjvSn-°-s∏-´ F√m-hcpw Ahs‚ kvt\l-tØmSpw {InkvXp-hn-eq-sS e`n-°p∂ A\p-{K-

l-tØmSpw {]Xn-I-cn-°-W-sa∂v B{K-ln-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

Im¬h-\n-Ãn°v ImgvN-∏m-Sn-¬ \n∂p hyXy-kvX-ambn Cu hnjb-sØ-°p-dn®v \nßƒ IqSp-X¬ hmbn-

®-dn-bp-hm≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ ImWpI:

1. sUbv¬ aqUn, Z th¿Uv Hm^v {SqØv, F¿Uvam≥kv, 1981 (t]-Pp-Iƒ 348˛365)

2. tlmhm¿Uv am¿j¬, sI]v‰v ss_ Z ]Δ¿ Hm^v tKmUv, _Y\n s^tem-jn∏v, 1969

3. tdm_¿´v jm¶v, sse^v C≥ Z k¨, shÃvtIm-´v, 1961

Cu `mKØv c≠v {][m\ {]iv\-ßsf°p-dn®mWv ss__nƒ kwkm-cn-°p-∂Xv: (1) ê-{]-Z-a-√mØXpw

kzm¿∞-X-bp-≈-Xp-amb PohnXw \bn-°p-hm≥ D≈ Hcp A\p-a-Xn-bmbn Dd-∏ns\ FSpØp]tbm-Kn-°p-

∂p. (2) hy‡n-]-c-amb ]m]-Øm-epw ip{iq-j-bnepw {]iv\-ßƒ D≈h¿°v CXv {]tNm-Z-\-ambn amdp-

∂p. sX‰mb kwL-ßƒ sX‰mb ktμ-i-ßƒ FSpØv ]cn-an-X-s∏-SpØnb ss__nƒ thZ-`m-K-ß-fn¬

\n∂v ssZh-imkv{X k{º-Zm-b-ßƒ D≠m-°p-∂p F∂XmWv {]iv\-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Nne {InkvXym-\n-

Iƒ°v Dd-∏ns‚ ktμiw ASn-b-¥n-cm-h-iy-am-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ a‰p Nne¿°v Bh-iy-am-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv hn´p-

ho-gvN-bn-√mØ ap∂-dn-bn-∏p-I-fmWv! \nßƒ GXv Iq´-ØnemWv?

tdma¿ 8:26-˛2726AΔÆw Xt∂ Bflmhp \ΩpsS _elo\sX°p XpW\nev°p∂p. th≠pwt]mse

{]m¿∞nt°≠Xp Fs¥∂p \mw Adnbp∂n√t√m. Bflmhp Xt∂ D®cn®pIqSmØ Rc°ßfm¬

\ap°pth≠n ]£hmZw sNøp∂p. 27F∂m¬ Bflmhp hnip≤¿°pth≠n ssZhlnX{]Imcw

]£hmZw sNøp∂Xp sIm≠p Bflmhns‚ Nn¥ C∂sX∂p lrZbßsf ]cntim[n°p∂h≥

Adnbp∂p.

8:26 ""AΔÆw Xt∂'' CXv hm. 18-˛25 ¬ ]d-bp∂ ""Rc-ßn-s°m≠pw {]Xym-in-®p-sIm≠pw'' Bflm-hp

sNøp∂ a[yÿ ip{iq-j-tbmSv CXv _‘n-∏n-°p-∂p.

""Bflmhp ... XpW\nev°p∂p'' CXv h¿Ø-am-\-Ime a[y (Un-t∏m-W‚ v) kqN-I-am-Wv. {Inbbv°v

kp≥ (H.-t\m. hm. 28), B‚n F∂nh tN¿∂ Cc´ kwbp-‡-am-Wp-≈-Xv. ""Fs‰-Sp-°p∂p'' F∂mWv icnbmb

X¿÷-a. Cu ]Zw Chn-sSbpw eqs°m. 10:40 epw am{Xta ImWp-∂p-≈p. {XntbI ssZhw apgp-h\mbpw

hnizmkn-I-fpsS ]£-Øm-Wv. a\p-jy-h¿§-Øn\p ]Icw acn-°p-hm≥ ]nXmhp ]p{Xs\ Ab®p (H.-t\m.

tbml. 3:16). Ah≥ Ct∏mƒ \ap-°p-th≠n ]£-hmZw sNøp∂p (H.-t\m. hm. 34; F{_m. 7:25; 9:24; 1

tbml. 2:1). ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhv hoWp-t]mb a\p-jy-h¿§sØ {InkvXp-hn-¶-te°p sIm≠p-h-cn-Ibpw Ahcn¬

{InkvXp-hns\ Dcp-hm-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p (H-.t\m. tbml. 16:8˛15). F¶nepw ""XpW\n-ev°p∂p'' F∂ {Inbbv°v

""Hcpht\mSp-IqsS Gs‰-Sp-°p∂p'' F∂pw A¿∞w D≈-Xn-\m¬ hnizm-kn-Iƒ°pw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ {]hr-

ØntbmSv (a-[y-ÿ-X) kl-I-cn-°p-hm-\p≈ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ap-≠v F∂p kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.

""_elo\sX°p'' Cu \ma-cq]w ]usemkv hnhn[ A¿∞-ß-fn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p≠v (BAGD, t]Pv

115).

1. imco-cnI _e-lo-\X AYhm tcmKw, 2 sImcn. 11:30; 12:5,9,10; Kem. 4:13; 1 Xnsam. 5:23

2. am\p-jnI kml-N-cyw, 1 sImcn. 15:43; 2 sImcn. 13:4

3. kmZriyw

a. `bw, 1 sImcn. 2:3

b. \ymb-hn-[n, tdma. 6:19

c. BflnI ImgvN-∏mSv C√mØ Ah-ÿ, tdma. 8:26

{Inbm-cq-]hpw kam\ coXn-bn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p≠v

1. imco-cnI _e-lo-\X AYhm tcmKw, ^nen. 2:26; 2 Xnsam. 4:20

2. am\p-jnI kml-N-cyw, tdma. 8:3; 2 sImcn. 11:21 (aØm. 8:17; sbip. 53:4 D≤cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p)

3. kmZriyw

a. Bfln-Ihpw [m¿Ωn-I-hp-amb _e-lo-\X, tdma. 14:2; 1 sImcn. 8:11-˛12

b. hnizm-k-Øn¬ _e-lo-\X, tdma. 4:19; 14:1

c. £oW-lr-Zbw As√-¶n¬ `bw, 2 sImcn. 11:9

Hm¿°p-I, kμ¿`-amWv A¿∞w \n›-bn-°p-∂-Xv, \nJ≠p km[y-amb A¿∞-X-e-ß-fpsS ]ńI \¬IpI

am{X-amWp sNøp-∂-Xv.

177

""Bflmhp Xt∂ D®cn®pIqSmØ Rc°ßfm¬ \ap°pth≠n ]£hmZw sNøp∂p'' hnizm-kn-

Iƒ Xß-fpsS XmgvN kw`-hn® Ah-ÿ-bn¬ Rc-ßp-Ibpw Bflmhv Rc-°-Øn-eqsS Ah¿°p-th≠n

]£-hmZw sNøp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. hos≠-Sp-°-s∏-´-h-cpsS D≈n-ep≈ Bflmhv Ah¿°p-th≠n {]m¿∞n-

°p-∂p, H∏w ]nXm-hns‚ he-Xp-`m-K-Øp≈ tbiphpw Ah¿°p-th≠n {]m¿∞n-°p∂p (H.-t\m. hm. 27,34;

F{_m. 7:25; 9:24; 1 tbml. 2:1). Cu a[y-ÿX {]m¿∞n-°m≥ hnizmknsb i‡o-I-cn-°p∂p (H.-t\m. hm.

15; Kem. 4:6). Cu hmIyw A\y-`m-j-bn¬ {]m¿∞n-°p-∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®√ ]d-bp-∂-Xv, adn®v hnizm-kn-Iƒ°p-

th≠n ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhv ]nXm-hn-t\mSp a[y-ÿX sNøp-∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®m-Wv.

NASB, NRSV ""hm°p-Iƒ°p Ign-bm-Ø{X Bg-ambn''

NKJV ""D®cn®pIqSmØ''

TEV ""B hm°p-Iƒ D®-cn-°m-\m-hm-Ø-XmWv''

NJB ""Ah hm°p-I-fn¬ ]d-bm≥ Ign-bm-Ø-h-bmWv''

CXv ""kwkm-cn-°p-I,'' ""`mj'' (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 13:1) F∂n-h-bv°p≈ km[m-cW hm°nt\mSp \ntj-[m-

flI A¿∞w kqNn-∏n-°p-hm≥ B¬^m (aaaaa) tN¿Øn´p-≈-Xv. ]pXnb \nb-a-Øn¬ ChnsS am{Xta CXp

ImWp-∂p-≈p. CXns‚ as‰mcp cq]w a¿s°m-kns‚ kphn-ti-j-Øn¬ _[n-c-cmb/aqI-cmb Bfp-Isf kqNn-

∏n-°p-hm≥ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p≠v (H.-t\m. 7:37; 9:17,25).

""]£hmZw (a[y-ÿ-X)'' 1:30 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: ""lqs]¿'' kwbp-‡-Øns‚ D]-tbmKw

]usem-kns‚ Fgp-Øp-I-fn¬ ImWp-I.

8:27 ""hnip≤¿°pth≠n ... ]£hmZw sNøp∂XpsIm≠p'' Bflm-hns‚ ZuXy-sØ-°p-dn®v tbml.

16:2˛15 ¬ hy‡-ambn ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p. Ah-bn-sem∂v ]£-hm-Z-am-Wv.

""hnip-≤¿'' F∂ ]Zw, ^nen. 4:21 ¬ HgnsI F√m-bn-SØpw _lp-h-N-\-am-Wv, Ahn-sSbpw AXv hnizm-kn-I-

sf-bmWv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. hnizm-kn-Iƒ {InkvXp-hns‚ ico-c-amb, hy‡n-KX hnizm-kn-I-fm¬ ]Wn-b-

s∏´ ]pXnb aμn-camb, ssZh-Ip-Spw-_-Ønse AwK-ß-fmWv. ]m›mXy (A-ta-cn-°≥) hy‡n-hm-ZsØ k¥p-

e-\-s∏-Sp-tØ≠ A\n-hm-cy-amb ssZh-imkv{X kXy-am-WnXv. 1:3 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: hnip-≤-∑m¿

ImWp-I.

""lrZbßsf ]cntim[n°p∂h≥'' ]gb \nb-a-Øn¬ Bh¿Øn-®p-h-cp∂ hnj-b-am-WnXv (H.-t\m. 1

iaq. 2:7; 16:7; 1 cmPm. 8:39; 1 Zn\. 28:9; 2 Zn\. 6:30; k¶o. 7:9; 44:21; kZr. 15:11; 20:27; 21:2; bnsc. 11:20; 17:9˛01;

20:12; eqs°m. 16:15; {]hr. 1:24; 15:8). ssZhw \sΩ bYm¿∞-ambn Adn-bp-Ibpw \sΩ kvt\ln-°p-Ibpw

sNøp∂p (H.-t\m. k¶o. 139).

{]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: Bflm-hns‚ BfXzw]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ ""btlm-h-bpsS Bflmhv'' (dp-hm-lv) btlm-h-bpsS Dt±iy-ßƒ \S-∏n¬ hcp-

Øp∂ Hcp i‡n-bm-bn-cp-∂p, F¶nepw AsXmcp hy‡n-bm-sW∂ kqN\ (A-Xm. ]gb\nba GIssZh-

hn-izmkw) Fßp-an-√m-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ ]pXnb \nb-a-Øn¬ Bflm-hns‚ ]q¿Æ Bf-Xzhpw hy‡n-

Xzhpw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

1. Ah-s\-Xnsc ZqjWw ]d-bm-\mhpw (H.-t\m. aØm. 12:31; a¿s°m. 3:29)

2. Ah≥ D]-tZ-in-°p∂p (H.-t\m. eqs°m. 12:12; tbml. 14:26)

3. Ah≥ km£yw hln-°p∂p (H.-t\m. tbml. 15:26)

4. Ah≥ t_m[w hcp-Øp-∂p, \S-Øp∂p (H.-t\m. tbml. 16:7˛15)

5. ""Ah≥'' F∂p hnfn-°-s∏-Sp∂p (A-Xm. tlmkv, H.-t\m. Fs^. 1:14)

6. Ah\p ZpxJn-°m≥ Ignbpw (H.-t\m. Fs^. 4:30)

7. Ahs\ sISp-Øp-hm≥ Ignbpw (H.-t\m. 1 sX . 5:19)

{XnXz-`m-K-ßƒ aq∂p Bf-Xz-ß-sf-°p-dn®p ]d-bp∂p.

1. aØm. 28:19

2. 2 sImcn. 13:14

3. 1 ]s{Xm. 1:2

Bflmhv am\p-jnI {]hr-Øn-I-tfmSp _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p.

1. {]hr. 15:28

2. tdma. 8:26

3. 1 sImcn. 12:11

178

4. Fs^. 4:30

As∏m-kvXe {]hr-Øn-I-fpsS Bcw-`-Øn¬ Xs∂ Bflm-hns‚ ]¶v FSp-Øp -Im-Wn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

s]s¥-t°mkvXv Bflm-hn-s‚ {]h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ Bcw-`-a-√, adn®v ]pXn-sbmcp A≤ym-b-am-Wv. tbip-

hn\v Ft∏mgpw Bflm-hp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ahs‚ kv\m\w Bflm-hns‚ {]hr-Øn-bpsS Bcw-`-a-√, adn®v

]pXn-sbmcp A[ym-b-am-Wv. eqs°mkv k`sb ^e-I-c-amb kphn-ti-j-Øns‚ ]pXn-sbmcp A≤ym-b-

Øn-\p-th≠n Hcp-°p-∂p. tbip-hmWv Ct∏mgpw {i≤m-tI-{μw. Bflm-hmWv Ct∏mgpw e-I-c-amb am¿§w.

Xs‚ kzcq-]-Øn¬ krjvSn-°-s∏´ kIe a\p-jy-tcm-Sp-ap≈ ]nXm-hns‚ kvt\lw, ]m]-£-a, bYm-

ÿm-]-\w F∂n-hbmWv e£yw.

tdma¿ 8:28˛3028F∂m¬ ssZhsØ kvt\ln°p∂h¿°p, \n¿Æb{]Imcw hnfn°s∏´h¿°p Xt∂,

kIehpw \s∑°mbn IqSn hym]cn°p∂p F∂p \mw Adnbp∂p. 29Ah≥ ap∂dn™hsc Xs‚

]p{X≥ At\Iw ktlmZc∑mcn¬ BZyPmX≥ BtI≠Xn∂p Ahs‚ kzcq]tØmSp A\pcq]-

cmIphm≥ ap∂nban®pancn°p∂p. 30ap∂nban®hsc hnfn®pw hnfn®hsc \oXoIcn®pw \oXoIcn®-

hsc tXPkvIcn®pancn°p∂p.

8:28 ""ssZhsØ kvt\ln°p∂h¿°p, \n¿Æb{]Imcw hnfn°s∏´h¿°p'' CXv c≠v h¿Ø-am-\-Ime

I¿Øcn A]q¿Æ-{In-b-I-fm-Wv. kml-N-cy-ßsf t\m°msX Xs∂ Pohn-X-sØ -km-[-Im-fl-I-ambn ImWp-

∂-Xn\v hnizm-kn-Isf A\p-h-Zn-°p∂ c≠v hyh-ÿ-I-fm-Wn-hnsS ImWp-∂Xv (H.-t\m. hm. 15). ho≠pw a\p-

jys‚ kzmX-{¥y-Øn-s‚bpw (""kvt\-lw'') ssZh-Øns‚ ]c-am-[n-Im-c-Øn-s‚bpw (""hn-fn-°-s∏-´'') c≠v DS

ºSn hi-ßfpw ImWp-I.

ssZh-Øns‚ \nXy-]-≤-Xn-tbmSp _‘-s∏-´p≈ ""\n¿Æ-b-{]-Imcw'' (D-t±-iy-tØm-sS) F∂ ]Zw tdma.

9:11; Fs^. 1:11; 3:11; 2 Xnsam. 1:9 epw ImWmw. hoWp-t]mb a\p-jy-h¿§-sØ-°p-dn®v ssZh-Øn\v \nXy-amb

hos≠-Sp-∏n≥ ]≤-Xn-bp-≠v. 1:5 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: t_m_ns‚ kphntijhnlnX ap≥hn[nIƒ

ImWp-I.

NASB, TCNT ""ssZhw kI-ehpw .. hym]-cn-∏n-°p∂p''

NKJV, NRSV,NET ""kI-ehpw''

TEV, NIV ""kI-e-Ønepw ssZhw {]h¿Øn-°p∂p''

Cu hmIy-Øn¬ F{X -{]m-hiyw ""Xntbmkv'' (A-s√-¶n¬ ""Xntbm≥'') F∂ ]Zw hcp-∂p≠v F∂mWv

]mT-\n-cq-]-Is‚ tNmZyw.

""ssZhsØ kvt\ln-°p-∂-h¿°v'' F∂Xp kw_-‘n®v Isø-gp-Øp-{]-Xn-I-fn¬ hyXym-k-an-√, F∂m¬

""kI-ehpw \∑-bv°mbn IqSn-hym-]-cn-°p∂p'' F∂-Xn\v Isø-gp-Øp-{]-Xn-I-fn¬ hyXym-kw ImWmw.

1. Nne Isø-gp-Øp -{]-Xn-Iƒ {Inb-bv°p-tijw ""tlm Xntbmkv'' F∂p tN¿°p∂p ˛ P46, A, B, 81F∂nhbpw, Nne tIm]v‰n-Iv, FtXym-]y≥ ]cn-`m-j-Ifpw.

2. an° Isø-gp-Øp -{]-Xn-Ifpw AXv Hgn-hm°p∂p ˛ a, C, D, F, G F∂nhbpw, hƒtK-‰v, s]jn-Øm,

A¿Ωo-\n-b≥ ]Xn-∏p-Iƒ. UBS4 CXn\v- “B”td‰nwKv (G-Xm≠v Dd-∏p-≈-Xv) \¬Ip-∂p.

NASB ssZhnI {]hrØn°v Du∂¬ \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\mbn CXv Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. kμ¿ -Øn¬\n∂pw

Bflm-hns‚ a[y-ÿXbmWv kqNn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂p hy‡-am-Wv (H.-t\m. hm. 27; NEB, REB).

""\s∑°mbn IqSn hym]cn°p∂p'' CXp h¿Øam\Ime I¿Øcn kqNIamWv. CXv as‰mcp kp≥

kwbp-‡-am-Wv (H.-t\m. hm. 26). AXn-\m¬ CXns‚ B£-cn-Im¿∞w ""kI-ehpw \∑-bv°mbn At\ym\yw

kl-I-cn®v {]h¿Øn-®p-sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°p-∂p'' F∂m-Wv. Xn∑-bp-sSbpw IjvS-X-bp-sSbpw temI-Øn¬ CXv

a\- n-em-°m≥ {]bm-k-ap≈ Bi-b-amWv (Cu hnj-b-Øn¬ klm-b-I-c-amb c≠p {KŸ-ß-fm-Wv, TheGoodness of God by Wenham and The Christian’s Secret of a Happy Life by Hannah Whithall Smith).ChnsS ImWp∂ \∑, hm. 29 ¬ ""Ahs‚ kzcq]tØmSp A\pcq]cmIphm≥'' F∂p hymJym-\n-®n-cn-°p-

∂p. `uXnI Db¿®-tbm, {]i-kvXntbm Btcm-Kytam A√ {InkvXp-hn-t\mSv A\p-cq-]-cm-Ip-∂-XmWv Hmtcm

hnizm-kn-sb-°p-dn-®p-ap≈ ssZh-Øns‚ BXy-¥nI Dt±-iyw.

""F∂p \mw Adnbp∂p'' Cu {Inb (oidaoidaoidaoidaoida) Cu kμ¿`-Øn¬ \mep {]mhiyw hcp-∂p-≠v.

1. kIe krjvSnbpw Rc-ßp-∂p-sh∂v hnizm-kn-Iƒ Adn-bp∂p (hm. 22)

179

2. {]m¿∞n-t°-≠-sX-ß-s\-sb∂v hnizm-kn-Iƒ Adn-bp-∂n√ (hm. 26)

3. ]nXmhv a\p-jy-cpsS lrZ-b-ßfpw Bflm-hns‚ a\ pw Adn-bp∂p (hm. 27)

4. kIehpw \∑-bv°mbn IqSn-hym-]-cn°p∂p-sh∂v hnizm-kn-Iƒ Adn-bp∂p (hm. 28)

8:29-˛30 Cu hmIy-ß-fnse {Inbm-]-Z-ß-sf√mw Xs∂ `qXIme I¿Øcn kqNIßfm-Wv. Ah A\mZnIm-

ew apX¬ A\¥ \nXy-X-hsc FØn-\nev°p∂ Hcp Nße Xo¿°p-∂p. ssZhw \sΩ Adn-bp-Ibpw Ct∏mgpw

\ap-°p-th≠n \nev°p-Ibpw \mw Ah-t\m-sSm-∏-am-bn-cn-°m≥ B{K-ln-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. CXv hy‡n-]-c-a-

√, kaq-l-]-c-amb kμ¿`-am-Wv. al-Xzo-I-c-W-Øns‚ A¥y-{]-hrØn C\nbpw `mhn-bn¬ kw`-hn-t°-≠-

Xm-Wv, F¶nepw Cu kμ¿`-Øn¬ AXv ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏´ kw`-h-ambn {]kvXm-hn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

8:29 ""ap∂dn™hsc'' ]usemkv Cu ]Zw c≠p {]mhiyw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≠v, Chn-sSbpw 11:2 epw. 11:2 ¬

AXp ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂Xv A\m-Zn-Imew apX¬ ssZh-Øn\v bn{km-tb-en-t\m-Sp≈ DS-ºSn kvt\l-sØ-bmWv.

F{_m-b-bn¬ ""Adn-bpI'' F∂ ]Zw Hcp-h-s\-°p-dn-®p-≈ hnh-c-ßƒ Adn-bp-∂-X√ Bg-ambXpw hy‡n-

]c-am-bXp-amb _‘sØ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-sW∂v Hm¿°p-I (H.-t\m. Dev]. 4:1; bnsc. 1:5). ChnsS CXn¬

kw`-h-ß-fpsS Hcp irwJe Xs∂- Dƒs∏-ń-cn-°p∂p (H.-t\m. hm. 29-˛30). Cu ]Zw ap≥\n-b-a-\-tØmSp

_‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p. F∂n-cp-∂mepw ssZh-Øns‚ ap∂-dnhv Xnc-s™-Sp-∏ns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-a√ F∂p ]d-tb-

≠n-bncn-°p∂p, ImcWw Aß-s\-bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Xnc-s™-Sp∏v hogvN kw`-hn® a\p-jy-h¿§-Øns‚

`mhn {]XnI-cWØns‚, AXm-bXv am\p-jnI {]I-S-\-Øn-s‚, ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-Ip-am-bn-cp∂p. Cu ]Zw

{]hr. 26:5; 1 ]s{Xm. 1:2,20; 2 ]s{Xm. 3:17 F∂n-hn-S-ß-fnepw ImWmw.

""Xs‚ ]p{X≥ At\Iw ktlmZc∑mcn¬ BZyPmX≥ BtI≠Xn∂p'' k¶o. 89:27 ¬ ""BZy-Pm-

X≥'' F∂ ]Zw ain-lm-bpsS t]cm-Wv. ]gb \nb-a-Øn¬ BZy-Pm-X-∑m¿°v {]Ya ]cnK-W-\bpw ]Z-hn-

Ifpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Cu ]Zw sImsem. 1:15 ¬, krjvSn-∏n¬ {InkvXp-hns‚ {]Y-a-ÿm-\sØ kqNn-∏n-°p-

hm\pw sImsem. 1:18 epw shfn. 1:5 epw ]p\-cp-∞m-\-Øn¬ tbip-hns‚ {]Y-a-ÿm-\sØ kqNn-∏n-°p-

hm\pw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Cu thZ- m-K-Øv, hnizm-kn-Iƒ Ah-\n-eqsS {]Y-a-ÿm-\-tØ°p h∂n-cn-°p∂p!

Cu ]Zw -tb-ip-hns‚ PU-[m-c-WsØb√, adn®v tbip-hns\ Hcp ]pXnb hwi-Øns‚ Xe-h\m-bn´pw

Hcp ]c-º-c-bnse BZy-hy-‡n, \ΩpsS hnizm-k-Øns‚ \mb-I≥, hnizmk IpSpw_-Øn\v ]nXm-hns‚

A\p-{K-l-ßƒ sIm≠p-h-cp∂ hgn F∂o \ne-I-fn¬ BWp Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p∂Xv (H.-t\m. 5:12-˛21).

{]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: BZy-Pm-X≥""BZy-Pm-X≥'' (t{]mt´mtSm-t°mkv˛prototokojprototokojprototokojprototokojprototokoj) F∂ ]Zw ss__n-fn¬ hnhn[ A¿∞-ß-fn¬ D]-

tbm-Kn-®n- p-≠v.

1. AXns‚ ]gb \nba ]›m-Øew kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv IpSpw-_-Ønse BZy-Pm-Xs‚ ap≥ÿm-\sØ

kqNn-∏n-°p∂p (H.-t\m. k¶o. 89:27; eqs°m. 2:7; tdma. 8:29; F{_m. 11:28)

2. sImsem. 1:15 se D]-tbmKw tbip-hns\ krjvSn-bpsS BZy-hy-‡n-sb∂ \ne-bn¬ ˛ kZr. 8:22-˛31

se kqN\ As√-¶n¬ krjvSn-bpsS am[y-a-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ (H.-t\m. tbml. 1:3; 1 sImcn. 8:6; sImsem.

1:15-˛16; F{_m. 1:2)

3. sImsem. 1:18; 1 sImcn. 15:20 epw (C-hn-sS-bpw) kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv tbip acn-®-h-cn¬\n-∂p≈ BZy-Pm-

X-\m-sW-∂mWv

4. ain-lm-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ ]gb \nba \maw (H.-t\m. k¶o. 89:27; F{_m. 1:6; 12:23). tbip-hns‚ {]Ya

ÿm\Øns‚bpw tI{μ-ÿm-\Øns‚bpw \nc-h[n hi-ßƒ H∂n-∏n-°p∂ t]cm-W-Xv. Cu kμ¿`-

Øn¬ #3 BWv As√-¶n¬ #4 BWv G‰hpw A\p-tbm-Pyw.

""ap∂nban®pancn°p∂p'' ""ap∂dnbpI'' (t{]mKnt\mkvtIm˛proginoskwproginoskwproginoskwproginoskwproginoskw), ""ap≥\nban°pI''

(proorizwproorizwproorizwproorizwproorizw˛{]qdnUvtkm) F∂o ]Zßƒ ""ap≥'' F∂ KXn tN¿Øp≈ kakvX ]ZßfmWv. AXn\mehsb

""apsº AdnbpI,'' ""apsº ASbmfs∏SpØn hbv°pI'' F∂nßs\ ]cn`mjs∏SpØmhp∂XmWv.

ap≥\nba\w kw_‘n®v ]pXnb \nbaØnep≈ hy‡amb `mKßƒ tdma. 8:28˛30; Fs^. 1:40; 13:14;

tdma. 9 F∂nhbmWv. Cu `mKßƒ ssZhw, a\p-jy-\pƒs∏sS kI-e-Øn-s‚bpw ]cam[nImcnbmsW∂v

Du∂n∏dbp∂p. Ah≥ kIeØns‚bpw ]q¿Æ \nb{¥nXmhmWv. kabØn\p≈n¬ Xo¿t°≠ Hcp

h¿Øam\Ime ssZhnI ]≤Xnbp≠v. F∂ncp∂mepw Cu ]≤Xn ASnt®¬∏n°s∏Sp∂tXm Nnesc am{Xw

G¬∏n°p∂tXm A√. AXv ssZhØns‚ ]cam[nImcØnepw ap∂dnhnepw am{Xa√, Ahs‚ am‰an√mØ

kz`mhßfmb kvt\lw, IcpW, A¿lXbn√mØhcpsSta¬ ]I-cp∂ Ir] F∂nhbnepw ASnÿm\-

s∏ńcn°p∂XmWv.

\ΩpsS B[p\nI sshb‡nI hmZw As√¶n¬ \ΩpsS kphntijoIcW Xo£vWX F∂nh Cu

A¤pXIcamb kXyØns‚ \ndw sISpØmXncn°phm≥ \mw kq£nt°≠XmWv. AKÃn\pw

180

s]tePnbkpw As√¶n¬ Im¬hn\khpw A¿Ωo\nb\nkhpw XΩnep≈ Ncn{X ]chpamb t]mcm´Øn¬

{[phoIcn°s∏SmXncn°m≥ \mw \sΩØs∂ kq£nt°≠XmWv.

ap≥\nba\sa∂Xv ssZhØns‚ kvt\lw, Ir], IcpW F∂nhsb ]cnanXs∏SpØp ∂Xnt\m,

As√¶n¬ Nnesc kphntijØn¬ \n∂pw ]pd¥≈p∂Xnt\m Dt±in®p≈ D]tZia√. hnizmknIfpsS

temIho£WsØ cq]s∏SpØn Ahsc i‡oIcn°p∂Xn\p≈ D]tZiamWnXv. ssZhw kIe¿°pw

th≠n D≈h\mWv (H.t\m. 1 Xnsam. 2:4; 2 ]s{Xm. 3:9). ssZhw kIeØns‚bpw \nb{¥nXmhmWv. Ah\n¬

\n∂pw \sΩ th¿]ncn°phm≥ B¿°v As√¶n¬ F¥n\p Ignbpw (H.t\m. tdma. 8:31˛39)? a\pjy≥

kab _‘nX\mWv; ssZhamIs´ kIe Ncn{XsØbpw h¿Øam\Imeambn I≠psIm≠ncn°p∂p.

\ΩpsS ho£Whpw am\knI IgnhpIfpw ]cnanXnbp≈XmWv. ssZhØns‚ ]cam[nImchpw a\pjys‚

kzX{¥ C—bpw XΩn¬ bmsXmcp sshcp[yhpan√. DSºSnbne[njvTnXamb LS\bmWXv. kXyw hncp≤

Zzμßfn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xns‚ as‰mcp DZmlcWamWnXv (3:27 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: ]uckvXy

kmlnXyw ImWp-I). thZ]pkvXI D]tZißƒ hyXykvX ho£Wßfn¬ \¬Is∏ńcn°p∂p. Ah

]et∏mgpw sshcp≤yap≈Xmbn tXm∂mw. hncp≤ Zzμ tPmUnIfpsS k¥pe\amWv kXyw. kXyßfn¬

H∂ns\ kzoIcn®psIm≠v sshcp≤yw C√mXm°m≥ \mw {ian°cpXv. GsX¶nepw thZ]pkvXI kXysØ

thdn´p \n¿Øphm\pw ]mSn√.

Xnc™Sp∏ns‚ e£yw \mw acn°ptºmƒ kz¿§ØnseØp∂Xp am{Xa√, ChnsSsh®p {InkvXym-

\pcq]cmIpI F∂XpamWv F∂ Imcyw ]ca{][m\amWv (H. t\m. tdma. 8:29; Fs^. 1:4; 2:10). \mw

""hnip≤cpw \njvIf¶cpw'' BtI≠Xn\v Xncs™Sp°s∏ńcn°p∂p. ssZhw \sΩ cq]m¥cs∏SpØp∂Xv,

a‰p≈h¿ B cq]m¥cw I≠v {InkvXphneqsS ssZhØn¬ hnizkn°p∂Xn\p th≠nbmWv. ap≥\nba\w

hy‡n]camb Hcp ]Zhnb√, adn®v DSºSn {]Imcap≈ DØchmZnØamWv!

8:30 ""tXPkvIcn®pancn°p∂p'' ssZh-sØ ]e-t∏mgpw ss__n-fn¬ ""tXPkv'' F∂ ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-

®mWv hnh-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Xq°sØ kqNn-∏n-°p∂ ""`mc-ap-≈Xv'' F∂ ]g-b-\n-ba Bi-b-tØmSp _‘-

s∏-´-XmWnXv. kz¿Æw-t]mse apey-ap-≈Xv F∂ Bi-b-am-Wn-Xn-\p-≈-Xv. 3:23 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw

ImWp-I. ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-ambn hm. 29-˛30 ¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p∂ ]Sn-I-fpsS ]c-ºcbneqsS ssZhw hoWp-

t]mb a\p-jys\ hos≠-Sp-°p-∂p. Ah-km\ ]Sn-bmWv ""tXP-kvI-cWw.'' CXv hnizm-kn-I-fpsS c£-bpsS

]q¿Øo-I-c-W-am-Wv. Ah¿°v ]pXnb Bflob icocw e`n-°p-Ibpw (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 15:50-˛58) {XntbI

ssZh-hp-ambpw At\ym-\yhpw Ah¿ ]q¿Æ-ambn sFIy-s∏-Sp-Ibpw (H.-t\m. 1 sX . 4:13-˛18; 1 tbml. 3:2)

sNøp∂ ]p\-cp-∞m\ Zn\-Øn¬ AXp kw`-hn-°pw.

]e-t∏mgpw hm. 29-˛30 ¬ ]cm-a¿in-®n-cn-°p∂ {]{In-bsb Hcp ssZh-imkv{X hn`m-K-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øm-

dp≠v.

1. \oXo-I-c-Ww, hm. 30 ˛ ]m]-Øns‚ in£-bn¬ \n∂p≈ hnSp-X¬ (]p-{X-Xzw, Ah-Im-in, hm. 16-˛17)

2. hnip-≤o-I-c-Ww, (A-Xm-bXv ""Ahs‚ ]p{Xs‚ kzcq-]-tØmSv A\p-cq-]-s∏-SpI'-'), hm. 29 ˛ ]m]-

Øns‚ i‡n-bn¬ \n∂p hnSp-hn-°-s∏-SpI ({In-kvXp-Xpey PohnXw)

3. al-Xzo-I-c-Ww, hm. 30 ˛ ]m]-Øns‚ km∂n-[y-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ hnSp-X¬ (A-Xm. kz¿§w)

tdma¿ 8:31- 3931CXp kw_‘n®p \mw F¥p ]dtb≠p? ssZhw \ap°p A\pIqew F¶n¬ \ap°p {]XnIqew

B¿? 32kz¥]p{Xs\ BZcn°msX \ap°p F√mh¿°pw th≠n Gev]n®pX∂h≥ Aht\mSpIqsS

kIehpw \ap°p \evImXncn°ptam? 33ssZhw Xncs™SpØhsc B¿ Ip‰w NpaØpw? \oXoIcn-

°p∂h≥ ssZhw. in£ hn[n°p∂h≥ B¿? 34{InkvXptbip acn®h≥; acn®n´p Dbn¿sØgp-

t∂‰h≥ Xt∂; Ah≥ ssZhØns‚ heØp mKØncn°bpw \ap°pth≠n ]£hmZw Ign°bpw

sNøp∂p. 35{InkvXphns‚ kvt\lØn¬\n∂p \sΩ th¿]ncn°p∂Xm¿? I„Xtbm k¶Stam

D]{Zhtam ]ńWntbm \·Xtbm B]tØm hmtfm? 36""\ns‚ \nanØw Rßsf CShnSmsX

sIm√p∂p; Adp∏m\p≈ BSpIsft∏mse Rßsf FÆp∂p'' F∂p FgpXnbncn°p∂pht√m.37\mtam \sΩ kvt\ln®h≥apJm¥cw CXn¬ Hs°bpw ]q¿ÆPbw {]m]n°p∂p. 38acWØnt∂m

Poht∂m ZqX∑m¿t°m hmgvNIƒt°m A[nImcßƒt°m Ct∏mgp≈Xnt∂m hcphm\p≈Xnt∂m39DbcØnt∂m BgØnt∂m a‰p bmsXmcp kr„nt°m \ΩpsS I¿Ømhmb tbip{InkvXphnep≈

ssZhkvt\lØn¬\n∂p \sΩ th¿]ncn∏m≥ IgnIbn√ F∂p Rm≥ Dsd®ncn°p∂p.

8:31 ""CXp kw_‘n®p \mw F¥p ]dtb≠p?'' CXp ]usem-kns‚ Ah-X-cW coXn-bmb Ubm-ss{S-

_ns\ {]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p∂ CjvS {]tbm-K-amWv (H.-t\m. 3:5; 4:1; 6:1; 7:7; 9:14,30). Cu tNmZyw apºv \evInb

kXy-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep-≈-Xm-Wv. GXp apX-emWv AXv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-sXt∂ kwi-b-ap-≈p. AXv

3:21-˛31 apXtem 8:1 apXtem 8:18 apXtem Bbn-cn°mw Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xv. 8:1 se ""AXp-sIm≠v'' F∂ {]tbm-

181

Khpw kμ¿`hpw IW°n-se-Sp-Øm¬ 8:18 apXep≈-XmImw {]k-‡w.


th≠n-bp-≈tXm Bb H∂mwXcw tkm]m-[nI hmN-I-am-Wv. ]m]-tØm-Sp≈ \ΩpsS kIe t]mcm-´-ß-

fpsS a[y-Ønepw ssZhw \ap°v A\p-Iqew F∂Xv F{Xtbm AXn-i-b-I-c-amWv!

""\ap°p {]XnIqew B¿?'' ""B¿'' F∂ k¿Δ-\maw hm. 33,34,35 ¬ Bh¿Øn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. AXv

kmØms\ kqNn-∏n-°p∂p (16:20 hsc Ahs\ t]sc-SpØp ]d-™n-´n-√). Cu JWvUn-I, hm. 31-˛39 hsc,

]gb \nba {]hm-N-I-∑m¿ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ Hcp kmlnXy kt¶Xw ˛ tImSXn apdn-bpsS cwKw ˛ D]-tbm-K-

s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂p (H.-t\m. aoJm 1, 6). ssZhw Xs‚ P\sØ BflnI hy`n-Nm-c-Øns‚ t]cn¬ tImS-Xn-

bn-se-Øn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. sbi. 50:8˛9 s‚ kqN-\-bm-Wn-Xv.

\nba ]Z-ßƒ {i≤n-°pI: ""{]Xn-Iqew,'' hm. 31; ""\oXo-I-cn-°pI,'' hm. 33; ""Ip‰w-hn-[n-°p-I,'' hm. 34;

""]£-hmZw sNøp-I,'' hm. 34. ssZh-amWv \ymbm-[n-]-Xn. {InkvXp-hmWv {]Xn-`mKw h°o¬. kmØm-\mWv

Ip‰w-Np-a-Øp-∂-h≥ (F-¶nepw Ah≥ \ni-_vZ-\m-Wv). ZqX-∑m¿ ImWn-I-fmbn tImS-Xn-ap-dn-bn¬ Xnßn-\n-d-

™n-cn-°p∂p (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 4:9; Fs^. 2:7; 3:10).

8:32 ""kz¥]p{Xs\ BZcn°msX'' ]nXm-hmb ssZhw hoWp-t]mb a\p-jy-h¿§-Øn\v Xs‚ G‰hpw anI-

®Xp \evIn. Ah≥ Ct∏mƒ hnizm-kn-Isf ssIhn-Sp-Itbm Ah¿°v XmW-sXm∂p sImSp-°p-Itbm sNøp-

I-bn√ (H.-t\m. tbml. 3:16; tdma. 5:8). {]Xn-Im-c-I-\mb ]g-b-\n-ba ssZhhpw kvt\l-ap≈ tbiphpw

F∂ Bi-bw F{X sX‰m-b-Xm-Wv. Cu BXy-¥nI Zm\-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ ]cm-a¿iw Dev]. 21:12,16 ¬ A{_m-

lm-an-t\m-Sp≈ ssZh-Øns‚ {]kvXm-h-\-bn¬ [z\n-°p-∂p≠v. A{_m-lm-ans‚ k¥-Xn-°p-th-≠n-bp≈ {]mb-

›n-Ø-bmKw F∂ D]-tZiw ÿm]n-°p-hm≥ sblqZ d∫n-am¿ Cu ]g-b-\n-ba `mKw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-≠v.

""\ap°p F√mh¿°pw th≠n Gev]n®pX∂h≥'' Cu thZ-`m-K-Ønse ""F√m-h¿°pw'' F∂ ]Zw

kp{]-[m-\-am-Wv. tbip temI-Øns‚ ]m]-Øn-\p-th≠n acn®p (H.-t\m. eqs°m. 2:10-˛11; tbml. 3:16; 4:42;

11:51; 1 Xnsam. 4:10; 1 tbml. 2:2; 4:14). CXv 5:12-˛21 e BZmw-˛-{InkvXp \ng¬ s]mcpƒ ]T-\sØ {]Xn-^-en-∏n-

°p-∂p. tbip-hns‚ acWw ]m]-{]-iv\-Øn\p ]cn-lmcw hcp-Øn. Ct∏m-gXv ""hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw kzoI-cn-°p-

Ibpw'' sNøp∂-Xns‚ {]iv\-am-Wv.

""kIehpw \ap°p \evImXncn°ptam'' Ir] F∂-Xn-\p≈ {Ko°p aqe-]-Z-Øn¬\n∂p h∂-XmWv Cu

hm°v. ""kI-ehpw'' F∂Xv hm. 17 s\ ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂p. 3:24 s‚ Ipdn-∏p- Im-Wp-I.

8:33-˛34 ""Ip‰w-hn-[n-°pI ... \oXo--I-cn-°pI ... in£-hn-[n-°pI ... ]£-hmZw sNøpI'' Ch-sb√mw

\nba ]Z-ß-fm-Wv. hm. 31-˛39 kz¿§-Ønse tImSXn cwK-am-Wv. CXv sbi. 50:8˛9 s‚ kqN-\-bm-Wv.

8:33- ""ssZhw Xnc-s™-Sp-Ø-hsc'' kIe a\p-jy¿°pw-th-≠n-bp≈ ssZh-Øns‚ Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´ a\p-

jy-\mWv tbip (_m¿Øv). ]pXnb \nb-a-Øn¬ CXn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ ]q¿Æhpw hy‡-hp-amb `mKw Fs^.

1:3˛4; tdma. 9:14˛26 BWv. tbip kI-e-a-\p-jy-scbpw Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn ssZhw Ahs\ Xnc-s™-

Sp-Øp. hoWpt]mb a\p-jy-h¿§-Øns‚ ""C√'' F∂-Xn-\p≈ ssZh-Øns‚ ""AtX'' BWv tbip!

{]tXyI ]T\hnjbw: Xncs™Sp∏pw/ap≥\nba

\hpw ssZhimkv{X]camb k¥pe\Øns‚ Bh

iyIXbpwXncs™Sp∏v AXnibIcamb Hcp D]tZiamWv F¶nepw AXv apJ]£w ImWn°p∂Xn\p≈

Blzm\a√, adn®v a‰p≈hcpsS hos≠Sp∏n\p≈ am[yaw, D]IcWw, AYhm D]m[n BIp∂Xn\p≈

Blzm\amWv. ]gb\nbaØn¬ Cu ]Zw {]mYanIambn ip{iqjbv°mWv D]tbmKn®ncp∂Xv. ]pXnb

\nbaØnemIs´ CXp {]mYanIambn c£bv°mWv D]tbmKn°p∂Xv. c£sb XpS¿∂mWv ip{iqj.

ssZhØns‚ ]cam[nImchpw a\pjys‚ kzX{¥ C—bpw XΩnep≈ sshcp[ysØ ss__nƒ

\nc∏n°p∂n√. adn®v c≠ns\bpw ÿncoIcn°pIbmWv sNøp∂Xv. thZ]pkvXI kwL¿jØns‚

anI® DZmlcWw ssZhØns‚ ]cam[nImc Xncs™Sp∏p kw_‘n® tdma¿ 9 Dw a\pjys‚

A\nhmcy {]XnIcWw kw_‘n® tdma¿ 10 Dw BWv (H.t\m. 10:11,13).

Cu ssZhimkv{X]camb kwLØns‚ Xmt°m¬ F^. 1:14 ¬ ImWmw. tbip ssZhØns‚

Xncs™Sp°s∏´ a\pjy\pw kIecpw Ah\n¬ Xncs™Sp°s∏´hcpw BIp∂p (Imƒ_m¿Øv).

hoWpt]mb a\pjyh¿§Øns‚ BhiytØmSp≈ ssZhØns‚ A\pIqe {]XnIcWamWv tbip

182

(Imƒ_mØv). ap≥\nba\Øns‚ e£yw kz¿§a√, hnip≤nbmWv ({InkvXym\pcq]yw) F∂v

Du∂n∏dbp∂XneqsS Fs^. 1:4 Cu hnjbw hy‡am°m≥ klmbn°p∂p. \mw ]et∏mgpw

kphntijØns‚ t\´ßfnte°v BI¿jn°s∏SpIbpw DØchmZnXzßsf AhKWn°pIbpw

sNøp∂p. ssZhØns‚ hnfn (sXscs™Sp∏v) Hcp kabtØ°pw \nXyXbv°pw th≠nbmWv.

D]tZißƒ \n¬°p∂Xv GIambn _‘an√mØ kXyßfmbn´√, adn®v a‰v kXyßfpambn

_‘s∏´mWv. Hcp \£{X cminbpw H‰ \£{Xhpw F∂Xv CXn\pZmlcWamWv. ssZhw kXysØ

shfns∏SpØnbn´p≈Xv ]uckvXy Nn¥mcoXnbnemWv, ]m›mXy coXnbne√. D]tZi kXyßfpsS

Zzμ (hnip≤) tPmUnIƒ Dfhm°p∂ kwL¿jsØ \mw \o°cpXv.

1. ap≥\n-ba\w x am\p-jnI kzX{¥ C—

2. hnizm-kn-I-fpsS `{ZX x ÿntcm-’m-l-Øns‚ Bh-iy-IX

3. aqe-]m]w x a\-∏q¿Δ-amb ]m]w

4. ]m]-cm-lnXyw (]q¿Æ-X) x ]m]w sNøm-Xn-cn-°¬

5. {]mcw` kXzc \oXo-I-c-Whpw hnip-≤o-I-c-Whpw x {Iam-\p-KX hnip-≤o-I-cWw

6. {InkvXob kzmX{¥yw x {InkvXob DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw

7. ssZh-Øns‚ AXo-{μn-bXzw x ssZh-Øns‚ A¥¿bm-anXzw

8. ssZhw BXy-¥n-I-ambn Adn-bm-\m-hm-Ø-h≥ x ssZhw Xncp-sh-gp-Øn-eqsS {Kln-°m-hp-∂-h≥

9. ssZh-cmPyw h∂p-I-gn™p x `mhn-bnse ]q¿Øo-I-cWw

10. am\-km-¥cw ssZhnI Zm\-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ x am\-km-¥cw AXym-h-iy-amb am\p-jnI DS-ºSn

{]Xn-I-c-Wsa∂ \ne-bn¬

11. tbip ssZhw x tbip a\p-jy≥

12. tbip ]nXm-hn\p ka≥ x tbip ]nXm-hn-t\mSv A\p-k-c-W-bp-≈-h≥

""DS-ºSn'' F∂ ssZh-im-kv{X Bi-bw, ssZh-Øns‚ ]c-am-[n-Im-c-sØbpw (A-h≥ F√m-bvt]mgpw

ap≥-I-sø-Sp-°p-Ibpw A-P≠ \n›-bn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p) a\p-jys‚ `mK-Øp-\n∂pw A\n-hm-

cy-amb {]mY-an-Ihpw XpS-cp-∂-Xp-amb am\-km-¥-c-sØbpw Hcp-an-∏n-°p-∂p. sshcp-[y-Øns‚

Hcp hiw kzoI-cn®v adp-hiw \ncm-I-cn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-hm≥ {i≤n-°p-I. \nß-fpsS CjvS D]-tZ-i-

sØtbm ssZh-imkv{X kwhn-[m-\-sØtbm am{Xw Db¿Øn-°m-´m-Xn-cn-°p-hm≥ {i≤n-°p-I.

8:34 Cu hmIyw \ap°v F¥psIm≠v ""in£mhn[nbn√'' F∂Xn\p≈ [mcmfw ImcWßƒ \ncØp∂p

(H.t\m. hm. 1).

1. Ah≥ acn®p

2. Ah≥ Dbn¿sØgpt∂‰p

3. Ah≥ ssZhØns‚ heØp`mKØncn°p∂p

4. Ah≥ hnizmknIƒ°pth≠n ]£hmZw Ign°p∂p

tbiphns‚ acWw \ΩpsS ]m]ßƒ°p≈ in£ hln®ncn°p∂p (H.t\m. sbi. 53; a¿s°m. 10:45; 2

sImcn. 5:21). tbiphns‚ ]p\cp∞m\w ImWn°p∂Xv, ]nXmhv ]p{Xs‚ ip{iqj AwKoIcn®p F∂pw

]oU\Øns‚bpw acWØns‚bpw apJØv {]Xymi \¬Ip∂p (\n{ZsIm≠hcn¬ BZy^eambn) F∂p-

amWv. ]nXmhns‚ heØp`mKØv tbip alXzw {]m]n®Xpw hnizmknIƒ°pth≠nbp≈ ]£hmZhpw

hnizmkØns‚ \√t]m¿ s]mcpXphm≥ Ahsc i‡cm°p∂p.

""ssZhØns‚ heØp`mKØv'' CsXmcp a\pjycq]mtcm]W]camb kmZriyamWv (1:18 se {]tXyI

]T-\-hn-jbw ImWp-I). ssZhØn\v Hcp `uXnI icocw C√. Ah≥ ""Bflmhv'' BIp∂p. Cu kmZriyw

kqNn∏n°p∂Xv, Hcp i‡nbpsS ÿew, A[nImcw, Hu∂Xyw F∂nhsbbmWv. ]usemkv Cu kmZriyw

A[nIw D]tbmKn°p∂n√ (H.t\m. Fs^. 1:20; sImsem. 3:1). hm. 34 ¬ ]usemkv Hcp BZna {InkvXob

hnizmk {]amWw D≤cn°pIbmbncn°mw (H.t\m. ^nen. 2:6 apX¬; 1 Xnsam. 3:16).

""]£hmZw Ign°bpw sNøp∂p'' tbiphns‚ ip{iqj XpScp∂p. tbiphpw (H.t\m. F{_m. 4:4˛16;

7:25; 9:24; 1 tbml. 2:1) ]cnip≤mflmhpw (hm. 26˛27) \ap°pth≠n ]£hmZw Ign°p∂p. ]mcm¢os‰

F∂ ]ZØn¬\n∂pamWv AXp h∂Xv; tbml. 14:16 ¬ ]cnip≤mflmhns\ kqNn∏n°phm\pw 1 tbml. 2:1

¬ ]p{Xs\ kqNn∏n°phm\pw Cu ]Zw D]tbmKn®n´p≠v. IjvSs∏Sp∂ Zmks‚ KoXsØ°pdn®p≈

as‰mcp kqN\bmWnXv (H.t\m. sbi. 53:12).

8:35 ""{InkvXphns‚ kvt\lw'' CXp as‰mcp A\p_‘ AYhm I¿Ωm[njvTnX kw_‘nIm cq]amWv.

CXv H∂pIn¬ (1) hnizmknItfmSp≈ {InkvXphns‚ kvt\lw As√¶n¬ (2) hnizmknIƒ°v {InkvXphn-

183

t\mSp≈ kvt\lw BImw. H∂matØXmWv Cu kμ¿`Øn\v A\ptbmPyw (H.t\m. 2 sImcn. 5:14).

ImcWw {InkvXphnt\mSp≈ hnizmknIfpsS kvt\lw hcnIbpw t]mIpIbpw sNøpw, F∂m¬ \tΩmSp≈

{InkvXphns‚ kvt\lw Dd∏pw ÿncXbpw D≈XmWv.

B {]tbmKhpambn _‘s∏´v IsøgpØp {]XnIfn¬ hyXymkap≠v.

1. Hcp ]pcmX\ IsøgpØp {]Xnbn¬ ""ssZhØns‚ kvt\lw'' F∂mWv (H.t\m. IsøgpØp {]Xn a2. Hcp ]pcmX\ IsøgpØp {]Xn Ahsb kwtbmPn∏n°p∂p ""{InkvXphnep≈ ssZhkvt\lw'' (H.t\m.

IsøgpØp {]Xn B )3. UBS4 ""{InkvXphns‚ kvt\lw'' F∂Xn\v- “A” td‰nwKv (Dd-∏p-≈-Xv) \¬Ip-∂p. IsøgpØp {]XnIƒ

C, D, F, G F∂nhbnepw ]pcmX\ em‰n≥, hƒtK‰v, s]joØm F∂nhbnepw Cßs\bmWv.

""I„Xtbm k¶Stam D]{Zhtam'' hnizmknIƒ temIØn¬ {]iv\ßfp≠v, F∂m¬ Cu {]iv\ßƒ-

t°m ZpjvSi‡nIƒt°m Ahsc ssZhØn¬ \n∂pw th¿]ncn°phm≥ IgnIbn√. 5:3 se {]tXyI ]T-\-

hn-jbw: IjvSX (Tribulation) ImWp-I.

8:36 CXv k¶o. 44:22 ¬ \n∂p≈ D≤cWnbmWv. Cu k¶o¿Ø\Øn¬ IjvSXb\p`hn°p∂ Xs‚

P\sØ hnSphn°m≥ ssZhsØ hnfn®t]£n°p∂p.

""\mtam \sΩ kvt\ln®h≥ apJm¥cw'' k¿Δ\maw ]nXmhns\tbm ]p{Xs\tbm kqNn∏n°p∂p.

8:37

NASB ""CXn¬ Hs°bpw AXy[nIambn Pbw {]m]n°p∂p''

NKJV ""CXn¬ Hs°bpw Rßƒ ]q¿ÆPbmfnIfmIp∂p''

NRSV ""C√, CXn¬ Hs°bpw Rßƒ ]q¿ÆPbmfnIfmIp∂p''

TEV ""C√, CXn¬ Hs°bpw Rßƒ°v Ah≥aqew ]q¿ÆPbap≠v''

NJB ""Rßƒ Pbw tLmjn°p∂ ]co£IfmWnh''

""Pbn°pI'' F∂Xns‚ AXni‡amb cq]amWnXv. ]usemkv Cu ]Zw \n¿Ωn®XmIm\mWp km[yX

(lqs]¿ + \n°mHm). ""Pbmfnbmb BSv'' F∂¿∞ap≈ AXnibIcamb kmZriyamWnXv. hnizmknIƒ

{InkvXphneqsS PbmfnIfmWv (H.t\m. tbml. 16:33; 1 tbml. 2:13˛14; 4:4; 5:4). 1:30 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-

jbw: ""lqs]¿'' kwbp-‡-Øns‚ D]-tbmKw ]usemkns‚ FgpØpIfn¬, ImWp-I.

8:38 ""ZqX∑m¿t°m'' ssZh-Øn\p a\pjyt\mSp≈ kvt\lØnepw IcpXenepw ZqX∑m¿ Akqbmep°fm-

sW∂pw AXn\m¬ Ah¿ a\pjytcmSp i{XpXzw ]pe¿Øp∂psh∂pw d∫nam¿ hnizkn®ncp∂p. i{Xp-

°fmb ZqX∑mcpsS aWvUeØneqsS (AYhm FbntbmWpIƒ) IS∂pt]mIm\p≈ clkytImUv e`n°p-

∂XneqsS am{Xta c£ km[yamIbp≈psh∂v ⁄m\hmZ Zpcp]tZjvSm°ƒ ]Tn∏n®p (sImsemkyteJ-

\hpw Fs^kyteJ\hpw). ZqX∑msc kqNn∏n°phm≥ ]usemkv D]tbmKn®ncn°p∂ ]ZßfpsS ]´nI

tPm¿÷v F¬U¨ emUv Xs‚ F XntbmfPn Hm^v Z \yqsSÃsa‚ v F∂ {KŸØn¬ \¬Inbn´p≠v.

""]usemkv \√ ZqX∑msc°pdn®pw ZpjvS ZqX∑msc°pdn®pw, kmØms\°pdn®pw ]niNp°sf°p-

dn®pw ]dbpI am{Xa√, ZqX Bflm°fpsS dm¶v hnhcn°p∂Xn\mbn as‰mcp ]Zk©bhpw Ah≥

D]tbmKn-°p∂p≠v:

""hmgvN'' [B¿s°˛arcearcearcearcearce], 1 sImcn. 15:24; Fs^. 1:21; sImsem. 2:10

""hmgvNIƒ'' [B¿°mbn˛arcaiarcaiarcaiarcaiarcai], Fs^. 3:10; 6:12; sImsem. 1:16; 2:15; tdma. 8:38

""A[nImcw'' [FIvkqknb˛exousiaexousiaexousiaexousiaexousia], 1 sImcn. 15:24; Fs^. 1:21; sImsem. 2:10

""A[nImcßƒ'' [FIvkqknbmbn˛exousiaiexousiaiexousiaiexousiaiexousiai], Fs^. 3:10; 6:12; sImsem. 1:16; 2:15

""i‡n'' [Up\mankv˛dunamijdunamijdunamijdunamijdunamij], 1 sImcn. 15:24; Fs^. 1:21

""i‡nIƒ/A[nImcßƒ'' [Up\msabnkv˛dunameijdunameijdunameijdunameijdunameij], tdma. 8:38

""knwlmk\ßƒ'' [t{XmtWmbn˛qronoiqronoiqronoiqronoiqronoi], sImsem. 1:16

""I¿ØrXzw'' [Iqdntbms´kv˛kuriotejkuriotejkuriotejkuriotejkuriotej], Fs^. 1:21

""I¿ØrXzßƒ'' [Iqdntbms´s‰kv˛kuriotetejkuriotetejkuriotetejkuriotetejkuriotetej], sImsem. 1:16

""Cu A‘ImcØns‚ temIm[n]Xn,'' Fs^. 6:12

""kIe \mahpw,'' Fs^. 1:21

""kz¿temIcpw `qtemIcpw At[mtemIcpw,'' ^nen. 2:10'' (t]Pv 401).

]gb \nbaØnse hoWpt]mb ZqX∑m¿ F{]ImcamWv ]pXnb\nbaØnse ss]imNnI i‡nItfmSp

_‘s∏´ncn°p∂Xv F∂Xp kw_‘n®v t\cn´p≈ ]cma¿ißƒ H∂pw Xs∂bn√. Ahsb H∂pXs∂-

bmbn´mWv ]ecpw ImWp∂Xv. sblqZ shfn∏mSp kmlnXyØn¬ ]nimNp°ƒ Dev]Øn 6 se ]mXn

a\pjy-cpw ]mXn ZqX∑mcpamb a√∑mcpsS (s\^nenw) Bflm°fmWv. AhcpsS icocßƒ Pe{]fbØn¬

\in∏n°s∏´Xn\m¬ Ah¿ A[nhmkØn\p icocw At\zjn°p∂p! CXv Dulmt]mlw am{XamWv.

Ah-bpsS D¤hsØ kw_‘n®p≈ \ΩpsS tNmZyßƒ°v ss__nƒ DØcw \¬Ip∂n√. ss__nfns‚

184

e£yw am\hcminbpsS hos≠Sp∏mWv A√msX AhcpsS Pn⁄mksb ian∏n°e√!

""hmgvNIƒt°m A[nImcßƒt°m'' CXp kqNn∏n°p∂Xv (1) Cu bpKØnse ZpjvS ZqX∑m¿ AYhm

ss]imNnI i‡nIƒ (H.t\m. Fs^. 2:2; 6:12; 1 sImcn. 15:24; sImsem. 1:16) As√¶n¬ (2) a\pjys\

ssZhØn¬ \n∂p AI‰n kzbw ]cym]vXXbv°p klmbn°p∂ hogvN kw`hn® temIØns‚ ASnÿm\

ùXnI LS\ (aXw, `cWkwhn[m\w, hnZym`ymkw, NnIn’ BZn.) (Hendrickus Berkhoff, Principali-ties and Powers) 13:1 s‚ Ipdn∏p ImWpI.

{]tXyI ]T-\hn-jbw: B¿s° (archarcharcharcharch)""B[n-]Xyw'' F∂Xv ""XpS°w'' As√-¶n¬ H∂ns‚ ""D¤-hw'' F∂¿∞w hcp∂ B¿s° F∂

{Ko°v ]ZamWv

1. krjvSn-bpsS {Ia-Øns‚ Bcw`w (H.- t\m. tbm-l. 1:1; 1 tbml. 1:1; F{_m. 1:10)

2. kphn-ti-j-Øns‚ Bcw`w (H. t\m. a¿s°m. 1:1; ^nen-. 4:15; 2 sX . 2:13; F{_m. 2:3)

3. H∂m-asØ ZrIvkm£nIƒ (H. t\m. eqs°mkv 1:2)

4. AS-bm-f-ß-fpsS Bcw`w (A-¤p-X-ßƒ, H. t\m. tbml. 2:11)

5. Bcw` XXz-ßƒ (H. t\m. F-{_m. 5:12)

6. kphn-tij kXy-ßsf ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bp≈ Bcw-`- Dd∏v (H. t\m. F-{_m. 3:14)

7. Bcw`w (H. t\m. sImsem-. 1:18; shfn-. 3:14)

CXv Xmsg-∏-d-bp-∂-h-cpsS ""`c-W-sØtbm'' ""A[n-Im-c-sØtbm'' kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v D]-tbm-Kn-°-s∏- p

1. am\p-jnI `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ

a. eqs°mkv 12:11

b. eqs°mkv 20:20

c. tdma¿ 13:3; XosØmkv 3:1

2. ZqX hrμ-ßƒ

a. tdma¿ 8:38

b. 1 sImcn-. 15:24

c. Fs^-. 1:21; 3:10; 6:12

d. sImsem. 1:16; 2:10,15

e. bqZm hm. 6

Cu Zpcp-]-tZ-i-°m¿ ùXnIhpw kz¿§o-b-hp-amb F√m A[n-Im-c-ß-sfbpw \nμn-°p-∂p. Ah¿

{]amW hncp-≤-cmb Zp¿am¿§n-I-fm-Wv. Ah¿ Xßƒ°pw Xß-fpsS B{K-l-ßƒ°pw ssZhw, ZqX-∑m¿,-

`c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ, k`m t\Xm-°ƒ F∂n-hsc°mƒ {]Ya ÿm\w \¬Ip∂p.

8:39 ""DbcØnt∂m BgØnt∂m'' \£{XaWvUeØns‚ hym]vXnsb kqNn∏n°phm\mWv Cu ]Zw

D]tbmKn®ncn°p∂Xv Ah a\pjys\ kzm[o\n°p∂ tZh∑mcmbn k¶ev]n°s∏ńcn°p∂p (tPymXnjw).

]nev°meØv Ah ⁄m\hmZ Zpcp]tZiØn¬, ]cnip≤ ssZhØn\pw ]m]]¶neamb hkvXphns\

\n¿Ωn® XmWssZhØn\pw CSbnep≈ ZqXaWvUesØ (FbntbmWpIƒ) kqNn∏n°p∂Xn\p≈

kmt¶XnI ]Zßfmbn amdn.

""a‰p bmsXmcp kr„nt°m'' CXv ""as‰mcp C\Øn¬ s]Sp∂ krjvSn'' (sl‰tdmkv˛e,teroje,teroje,teroje,teroje,teroj) BWv.

CXv ZqXKWsØ kqNn∏n°p∂ as‰mcp {]tbmKamImw F∂mWv kμ¿`w kqNn∏n°p∂Xv. as‰mcp

C\Øn¬ s]Sp∂ H∂v F∂¿∞ap≈ {Ko°v ]Zw sls‰tdmkpw (e,teroje,teroje,teroje,teroje,teroj), AtX C\Øn¬ s]Sp∂

as‰m∂v F∂¿∞ap≈ {Ko°v ]Zw At√mkpw (allojallojallojallojalloj) sImbvt\ {Ko°n¬ {]NmcØnen√mØXmbn amdnbn-

cp∂p-sh¶nepw Cu kμ¿`w Hcp hyXymkw kqNn∏n°p∂p≠v.

""ssZhkvt\lØn¬\n∂p \sΩ th¿]ncn∏m≥ IgnIbn√'' Dd∏ns‚ F{X AXnibIcamb Hcp

{]kvXmh\bmWnXv! Cu A[ymbw in£mhn[nbn√ F∂p {]kvXmhn®psIm≠v Bcw`n°pIbpw th¿]mSv

C√ F∂p {]kvXmhn®psIm≠v Ahkm\n°pIbpw sNøp∂p. hnizmknbpsS c£sb FSpØpIfbm≥

B¿°pw km[ya√. F∂ncp∂mepw {]mcwàmbpw (H.t\m. 3:21˛32) XpS¿am\ambpw (A[ymbßƒ 4˛8)

{]XnIcn°phm\p≈ DØchmZnXzw Hcph\p≠v. BflmhmWv Xmt°m¬, F¶nepw DSºSn {]XnIcW-

Øn\p≈ hyhÿ AXnep≠v. A\pkcWhpw ÿntcm’mlhpw t]mse am\km¥chpw hnizmkhpw

BhiyamWv (H.t\m. a¿s°m. 1:15; {]hr. 3:16,19; 20:21)!

""F∂p Rm≥ Dsd®ncn°p∂p'' CsXmcp ]q¿Æ I¿ΩWn kqNIamWv, A¿∞w ""Rm≥ Dd®ncn°pIbpw

XpS¿∂pw Dd®p apt∂m´pt]mIbpw sNøp∂p.''

185









1. A[ymbw 8 Fßs\bmWv A[ymbw 7 t\mSp _‘s∏´ncn°p∂Xv?

2. in£mhn[n Cs√¶n¬ Fßs\bmWv ]m]w hnizmknbpsS PohnXsØ _m[n°p∂Xv?

3. hnizmknbn¬ BflmhmtWm tbiphmtWm hkn°p∂Xv (hm. 9)?

4. {]IrXn Fßs\bmWv a\pjys‚ ]m]Øm¬ _m[n°s∏´Xv (hm. 19˛22)? {]IrXn kz¿§Øns‚

`mKambncn°ptam (H.t\m. sbi. 11:6˛10)?

5. Bflmhv \ap°pth≠n Fßs\bmWp {]m¿∞n°p∂Xv (hm. 26˛27)? CXv ""A\y`mjbn¬ kwkmcn-

°p∂Xns\°pdn®v'' BtWm?

6. Cu ZpjvStemIØn¬ kIehpw \∑bv°mbn IqSnhym]cn°p∂p F∂v Fßs\bmWv ss__nfn\p

]dbm≥ Ignbp∂Xv (hm. 28)? ""\∑'' \n¿hNn°pI (hm. 29).

7. hm. 30 se ssZhimkv{X kw`hßfn¬\n∂pw hnip≤oIcWsØ Hgnhm°nbXv F¥psIm≠v?

8. hm. 31˛39 Hcp tImSXn cwKamsW∂p ]dbp∂Xv F¥psIm≠v?

9. hm. 34 tbiphns\°pdn®p ]dbp∂ \mep Imcyßƒ FgpXpI.

186

ssZhnI bn{kmtb¬ bn{km-tbens‚ ssZhhpw Xs‚ bn{km-tb-ens‚

Xnc-s™-Sp∏v {InkvXp-hns\ Ahn-izmkw F∂ P\hpw `mKy-]-Zhn

\nc-kn-°p-∂Xv {]iv\w

9:1˛5 9:1˛5 9:1˛5 9:1˛5 9:1˛5

bn{km-tb-ens\ bn{km-tb-ent\mSp ssZhw Xs‚

X≈n-°-f-bp-∂Xpw ≈ ssZhnI hmKvZ hmKvZØw ]men®p

ssZhnI ]≤-Xnbpw Øw C√m-Xm-Ip-∂n√

9:6˛13 9:6˛13 9:6˛13 9:6˛9 9:6˛13

9:10˛13

bn{km-tb-ens\ Xnc-s™-Sp-∏n-\p≈ ssZhw A\o-Xnbp

X≈n-°-f-bp-∂Xpw ssZhnI Ah-Imiw ≈h-\√

ssZhnI \oXnbpw

9:14-˛18 9:14-˛29 9:14-˛18 9:14-˛18 9:14-˛18

ssZh-Øns‚ ssZh-Øns‚

tIm]hpw Icp-Wbpw tIm]hpw Icp-Wbpw

9:19-˛29 9:19-˛26 9:19-˛21 9:19-˛21

9:22-˛29 9:22-˛24

kI-ehpw ].-\n.¬

ap∂-dn-bn-®n-cp∂p

9:25-˛29

9:27-˛29

bn{km-tbepw bn{km-tbens‚ bYm¿∞ \oXn bn{km-tbepw

kphn-ti-jhpw h¿Ø-am-\-Ime hnizm-k-Øm-emWv kphn-ti-jhpw

9:30˛10:4 9:30˛33 9:30˛10:4 9:30˛10:4 9:30˛33
















4. BZnbmbh

187

A[ym-b-ßƒ 9˛10 \v A[ym-b-ßƒ 1˛8 t\mSp≈ _‘wA. A[ymbw 1˛8 t\mSv Cu kmlnXy LS-I-Øn-\p≈ _‘w a\- n-em-°m≥ c≠p hgn-I-fm-Wp-≈-Xv.

1. AXv XnI®pw hyXy-kvX-amb Hcp `mK-am-Wv, ssZh-imkv{X kw_-‘-ambn CS-bv°p-tN¿Ø Hcp

`mKw

a. 8:39 Dw 9:1 Dambn Kuc-h-amb sshcp-≤yhpw bp‡n-]-c-amb _‘-an-√m-bvabpw ImWmw.

b. AXv tdmanse k`-bn¬ hnizm-kn-I-fmb sblq-Z-∑mcpw hnizm-kn-I-fmb PmXn-Ifpw XΩn¬

\ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ Ncn-{X-]-c-amb kwL¿j-tØmSp t\cn´p _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. k`-bn¬ h¿≤n-

®p-h-cp∂ PmXob t\Xr-Xz-tØmSv AXp _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°m≥ km[y-X-bp-≠v.

c. bn{km-tb-ens\ kw_-‘n-®p≈ (\ym-b-{]-am-W-sØ-bpw) ]usem-kns‚ {]kw-K-sØbpw

Ahs‚ PmXn-I-fpsS As∏m-kvXe≥ F∂ ]Z-hn-sbbpw (ku-P-\yIr]-bpsS hmKvZm-\w) Ipdn®v

sX‰n-≤m-c-W-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂p; AXn-\m¬ Ah≥ Cu hnj-b-sØ-°p-dn®v ChnsS N¿® sNøp∂p.

2. ]usem-kns‚ kphn-tij Ah-X-c-W-Øns‚ aq¿≤-\ym-h-ÿbpw bp‡n-]-c-amb D]-kw-lm-c-hp-

am-Wn-Xv.

a. ]usemkv 8˛mw A[ymbw Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p-∂Xv ""ssZh-kvt\-l-Øn¬\n∂pw th¿]n-cn-°m≥

Ign-I-bn√'' F∂p ]d-™p-sIm-≠m-Wv. DS-ºSn P\-X-bpsS Ahn-izm-k-sØ-∏‰n F¥mWp ]d-bm-

\p-≈Xv?

b. bn{km-tb-ens‚ Ahn-izm-ksØ kw_-‘n®v kphn-ti-j-Øns‚ sshcp-≤y-Øn\v A. 9˛11 adp-

]Sn ]d-bp-∂p.

c. ]usemkv Cu hnjbw Cu teJ-\-Øn-ep-S\ofw ssIImcyw sNøp∂p (H.-t\m. 1:3,16; 3:21,31 &

4:1 apX¬)

d. ssZhw Xs‚ hN-\-tØmSp hniz-kvX-\m-sW∂v ]usemkv Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂p. bn{km-tb-en-

t\m-Sp≈ Ahs‚ ]gb \nba hN-\-ßfpsS Imcyw F{]-Im-camWv? B hmKvZ-Ø-ßƒ F√mw

hrYm-hm-bn-t∏mtbm?

B. Cu kmlnXy LS-IØn\p cq]-tcJ Xøm-dm-°m≥ km[y-amb [mcmfw hgn-I-fp≠v

1. ]usemkv km¶-ev]nI {]Xn-hm-Znsb D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬

a. 9:6

b. 9:14

c. 9:19

d. 9:30

e. 11:1

f. 11:11

2. tdma. 9˛11 Hcp kmlnXy LS-I-amWv (A-[ym-bhpw hmIy-ßfpw ssZh-\n-izm-ko-b-a-√, ]n∂oSv

tN¿Ø-Xm-Wv). AXv H∂m-bn-´p-thWw hymJym-\n-°p-hm≥. F¶nepw Ipd-™Xv aq∂p {][m\

hnjb hn`-P-\-ß-fp-≠v.

a. 9:1˛29 (ssZ-h-Øns‚ ]c-am-[n-Im-c-Øn¬ {i≤ tI{μo-I-cn-°p-∂p)

b. 9:30-˛10:21 (a-\p-jys‚ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-Øn¬ {i≤ tI{μo-I-cn-°p-∂p)

c. 11:1˛32 (ssZ-h-Øns‚ F√m-h-scbpw Dƒs°m-≈n-°p-∂, \nXy-am-b, hos≠-Sp-∏n≥ Dt±-iyw)

3. {][m\ hnj-b-ßfpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬: tdmam-te-J-\-Øns‚ Cu `mK-Øns‚ Hcp \√ cq]-

tcJ tXmakv s\¬k¨ ]ªo-tjgvkv {]kn-≤o-I-cn® NKJV bpsS JWvUnI hn`-P-\-Øn¬

ImWm≥ Ign-bpw.

a. bn{km-tb¬ {InkvXp-hns\ X≈n-°-f-bp-∂-Xv, 9:1˛5

b. bn{km-tb¬ ssZhn-tIm-t±-iysØ X≈n-°-f-bp-∂-Xv, 9:6˛13

c. bn{km-tb¬ ssZhn-I \oXnsb X≈n-°-f-bp-∂-Xv, 9:14˛29

d. bn{km-tbens‚ h¿Ø-am-\-Ime Ah-ÿ, 9:30-˛33

e. bn{km-tbepw kphn-ti-j-hpw, 10:1˛13

f. bn{km-tb¬ kphn-ti-jsØ X≈n-°-f-bp-∂-Xv, 10:14˛21

g. bn{km-tbens‚ X≈n-°-fb¬ ]q¿Æ-a-√, 11:1˛10

h. bn{km-tbens‚ X≈n-°-fb¬ A¥n-a-a-√, 11:11˛36

C. Cu mKw a\- n¬\n-∂p≈ Hcp Ah-X-cWw (bp-‡n-]-c-amb cq]-tc-J) t]mse Xs∂ lrZ-b-Øn¬\n-

∂p≈ Hcp \ne-hn-fn-bpw-Iq-sS-bmWv. AXns‚ Xo£vWX \sΩ Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂Xv tlmtib 11:1˛4,8-

˛9 ¬ bn{km-tb-en‚ a’cw \nan-Ø-ap≈ ssZh-Øns‚ lrZ-b-Øns‚ XI¿®-sb-bm-Wv.

At\I hn[-Øn¬ A[ymbw 7 ¬ ImWp∂ \ymb-{]-am-W-Øns‚ thZ-\bpsSbpw \∑bpsSbpw

kam-¥cw A[ymbw 9˛10 ¬ ImWmw. c≠n-SØpw Poh\p ]Icw acWw sIm≠p-h-cp∂ ssZhnI

\nb-a-Øns‚ sshcp-≤y-Øn¬ ]usem-kn-s‚ lrZbw XI-cp-∂-Xmbn ImWmw!

188

D. A[ymbw 9˛11 ¬ ]usemkv D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ 25 e[nIw ]gb \nba D≤-c-Wn-Iƒ ImWn-°p-∂Xv,

A[ymbw 4 ¬ Ah≥ sNbvX-Xp-t]mse bn{km-tb-ens‚ sshcp-≤ysØ h¿Ø-am-\-Ime hnj-b-ß-

fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-e-√, ]gb \nba Xncp-sh-gp-Øn-eqsS Nn{Xo-I-cn-°m-\p≈ Ahs‚ B{K-l-sØ-

bm-Wv. ]gb Ime-Øp-t]mepw A{_m-lm-ans‚ k¥-Xn-bn¬ `qcn-`m-Khpw ssZhsØ Dt]-£n®p (H.-

t\m. {]hr. 7; s\sl. 9).

E. Cu thZ-`m-Kw, Fs^. 1:3˛14 t]mse kIe a\p-jy-h¿§-Øn-s‚bpw hos≠-Sp-∏n-ep≈ ssZh-Øns‚

\nXy-amb Dt±-iysØ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p. BZyw AXv, ssZhw Nne hy‡n-Isf Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-Ibpw

a‰p hy‡n-Isf X≈n-°-f-bp-I-bpw sNøp-∂-Xns\ hnh-cn-°p-I-bm-sW∂p tXm∂pw (kp-{]m-em-]vtk-

dn-b≥ Im¬hn-\n-kw), F¶nepw {i≤m-tI{μw hy‡n-I-f-√, hos≠-Sp∏p kw_-‘n® ssZh-Øns‚

\nXy-]-≤-Xn-bn-em-sW∂mWp Rm≥ Nn¥n-°p-∂Xv (H.-t\m. Dev]. 3:15; 12:3; {]hr. 2:23;3:18; 4:28; 13:29,

8:28 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWp-I.

tPmk^v F. ^n‰vkvsa-b¿ & sdbva≠v Cu {_u¨ FUn-‰p-sNbvX sPtdmw ss__nƒ Ia‚-dn,

hmeyw 2, ""]pXnb \nbaw'' C{]-Imcw ]d-bp∂p:

""]usem-kns‚ ImgvN-∏mSv kmaq-lnIw BsW∂v ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ \n∂pw {Kln-t°-≠Xv

kp{]-[m-\-amWv; hy‡n-I-fpsS DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-sØ-°p-dn-®√ Ah≥ N¿® sNøp∂-Xv. ssZhnI

ap≥\n-b-a\w kw_-‘n® tNmZyw Ah≥ Db¿Øn-s°m-≠p-h-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬, al-Xz-Øn-te-

°p≈ hy‡n-I-fpsS ap≥\n-b-a-\-hp-ambn AXn-s\m-cn-°epw _‘-an√'' (t]Pv 318).

A[ym-bw 9 s‚ ]›m-Øe Dƒ°m-gvN-Iƒ

A. F{X henb hyXym-k-amWv A[ymbw 8 \pw 9 \pw XΩn-ep-≈-Xv.

B. Cu kmlnXyLSIw (9-˛11) ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-ambn {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂Xv

1. c£-bpsS ASn-ÿm\w

2. ssZh-Øns‚ Xnc-s™-Sp-∏ns‚ Dt±iyw

3. Ahn-izmk bn{km-tb-ens‚ Ahn-iz-kvX-Xbpw btlm-h-bpsS hniz-kvX-Xbpw

4. tbip-hns‚ hos≠-Sp-∏n¬ kIe am\-h-cm-in-bpw Dƒs∏-Sp∂Xv

C. A[ymbw 9,- ssZh-Øns‚ ]c-am-[n-Imcw kw_-‘n®v ]p-Xnb\nb-a-Ønse G‰hpw i‡-amb thZ-`m-

K-ß-fn¬ H∂m-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ (A-Xm. at‰Xv Fs^. 1:3˛14), A[ymbw 10, a\p-jys‚ kz{X{¥ C—sb

hy‡-ambpw Bh¿Øn®pw {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p∂p (H.-t\m. ""Gh\pw'' hm. 4,13; ""Hcp-Ø-\pw,'' hm. 11; ""F√m-

h¿°pw,'' hm. 12[2 {]mhiyw]. ]usemkv Hcn-°epw Cu ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-amb kwL¿jsØ \nc-

∏n-°m≥ {ian-°p-∂n-√. Ah c≠pw kXyamWv! an° thZ-]p-kvXI D]-tZi-ßfpw sshcp-≤ym-fl-I-am-

btXm Zzμz-am-btXm Bb tPmUn-I-fm-bn-´mWv Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ssZh-im-kv{X-Øns‚ an°

kwhn-[m-\-ß-fpw bp‡n-]-c-am-sW-¶nepw hmIy-sØ-fnhv FSp-°p-∂Xv Hcp kXysØ am{Xta shfn-

s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bp-≈p. AK-Ão-\n-b-\n-kØnepw Im¬hn-\n-kØnepw skan- -s]-te-Pn-b\nkØnepw A¿Ωo-

\n-b-\n-kØnepw bmYm¿∞yhpw sX‰pw AS-ßn-bn-´p-≠v. ap≥Xo-cp-am-\n® hymJym-\-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-

\-Øn-te°v ss__n-fns\ hen-®n-g-bv°p∂ hmIy-sØ-fn-hn-s‚bpw bp‡n-bpsSbpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-

ep≈ ssZh-imkv{X kwhn-[m-\-Ønepw \√Xv D]-tZ-i-ßƒ XΩn-ep≈ thZ-]p-kvXI sshcp-≤y-am-

Wv. 3:27 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: ]uckvXy kmlnXyw ImWp-I.

D. 9:30-˛33, A[ymbw 9 s‚ kw{K-lhpw A[ymbw 10 s‚ hnj-b-hp-am-Wv.

E. ]usemkv Xs‚ hmZw Dd-∏n-°m≥ ]gb \nba `mK-ßƒ F{X-am{Xw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-sh∂p t\m°p-

I. CXv tdmanse hmb-\-°m-cn¬ sblq-Z-∑m-cp-s≠∂p Dd-∏n-°p-∂p.

1. hm. 7 ˛ Dev]. 21:12

2. hm. 9 ˛ Dev]. 18:10,14

3. hm. 12 ˛ Dev]. 25:32

4. hm. 13 ˛ aem. 1:2˛3

5. hm. 15 ˛ ]pd. 33:19

6. hm. 17 ˛ ]pd. 9:16

7. hm. 25 ˛ tlmti. 2:23

8. hm. 26 ˛ tlmti. 1:10

9. hm. 27 ˛ sbi. 10:22

10. hm. 28 ˛ sbi. 10:23

11. hm. 29 ˛ sbi. 1:9

189

12. hm. 33 ˛ sbi. 28:16 & 8:14

A[ym-b-ßƒ 9, 11 ¬ CXn-e-[n-Ihpw ]gb \nba D≤-c-Wn-Iƒ D≠v.

]Z, ssieo ]T\w

tdma¿ 9:1˛51Rm≥ {InkvXphn¬ kXyw ]dbp∂p; Rm≥ ]dbp∂Xp t`mjv°√; 2F\n°p henb ZpxJhpw

lrZbØn¬ CShnSmsX t\mhpw D≠p F∂p Fs‚ a\ m£n F\n°p ]cnip≤mflmhn¬

km£nbmbncn°p∂p. 3PU{]Imcw Fs‚ Nm¿®°mcmb Fs‚ ktlmZc∑m¿°p th≠n Rm≥

Xt∂ {InkvXphnt\mSp thdphn´p im]{KkvX\mhm≥ Rm≥ B{Kln°mambncp∂p. 4Ah¿

bn{kmtbey¿; ]p{XXzhpw tXP pw \nbaßfpw \ymb{]amWhpw Bcm[\bpw hmKvZØßfpw

Ah¿°p≈h; 5]nXm°∑mcpw Ah¿°p≈h¿ Xt∂; PU{]Imcw {InkvXphpw Ahcn¬ \n∂t√m

D¤hn®Xp; Ah≥ k¿ΔØn∂pw aosX ssZhambn Fs∂t∂°pw hmgvØs∏´h≥. Bta≥.

9:1˛2 hm. 1˛2 {Ko°n¬ H‰ hmN-I-am-Wv. Xm≥ ]d-bp-∂Xv kXy-am-sW∂v Ah¿°v (tdm-anse k`) a\ nem-

°m≥ \nc-h[n Imc-W-ßƒ ]usemkv ]d-bp-∂p.

1. {InkvXp-hn-t\m-Sp≈ Xs‚ Iq´m-bva, hm. 1

2. Bflm-hn-\m¬ \S-Ø-s∏-Sp∂ Xs‚ a\- m-£n, hm. 1

3. bn{km-tb-en-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ Xs‚ Fcn-hv, hm. 2

9:1 ""Rm≥ {InkvXphn¬ kXyw ]dbp∂p; Rm≥ ]dbp∂Xp t`mjv°√'' Xs‚ kXym-h-ÿsb t_m[y-

s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ ]usemkv ]e-t∏mgpw CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ {]kvXm-h\tbm (H.-t\m. 2 sImcn. 11:10; Kem. 1:20; 1

Xnsam. 2:7) ssZhsØ Xs‚ km£n-bmbn hnfn-°p∂ kam-\-amb Hcp {]kvXm-h-\tbm (H.-t\m. tdma. 1:9; 2

sImcn. 1:23; 11:31; ^nen. 1:8; 1 sX . 2:5,10) D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. Xs‚ ]Tn-∏n-°-en-s‚bpw {]kw-K-Øn-s‚bpw

kXym-hÿ C{]-Imcw Ah≥ Dd-∏n-°p-∂p. Za-kvtImkv tdmUn¬sh-®p-≠mb A\p-`hw F√m-‰n-s\bpw

am‰n-a-dn-®p.

""Fs‚ a\ m£n'' hnizm-kn-bpsS ssZh-Z-Øhpw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn\m¬ \bn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-amb

km∑m¿§nI t_m[-am-Wn-Xv. Hc¿∞-Øn¬ hnizm-kn-I-fpsS A[n-Im-c-Øns‚ {][m\ Xmt°m-em-Wn-Xv. \ΩpsS

a\- n¬ ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-\m¬ a\- n-em-°-s∏ v {]mtbm-Kn-I-am-°-s∏-Sp∂ ssZh-h-N-\-am-WXv (H.-t\m. 1 Xnsam.

1:5,19). hnizm-kn-Iƒ ˛ B hnj-b-Øn¬ Ahn-izm-kn-Iƒ ˛ ssZh-h-N-\sØbpw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-s\bpw \nc-

¥-c-ambn \nc-kn-°p-tºm-gmWv {]iv\w Df-hm-Ip-∂Xv; At∏mƒ ]m]sØ bp‡n-k-l-am-°p-∂Xv Ffp-∏-

amIpw (H.-t\m. 1 Xnsam. 4:2). \ΩpsS a\- m£n kmwkvIm-cn-I-ambpw A\p-`-h-]-c-ambpw cq]-s∏-Sp-®-s∏-Sm-

dp≠v.

{]tXyI ]T-\hn-jbw: a\- m£n]usemkv sImcn-¥y¿s°-gp-Xnb teJ-\-ß-fn¬ ""a\- m£n'' F∂ ]Zw ]e-t∏mgpw D]-tbm-Kn-

®n´p≠v (H.-t\m. 4:4; 8:7,10,12; 10:25,27,28,29; 2 sImcn. 1:12; 4:2; 5:11). icnbpw sX‰pw Fs¥∂p hy‡-am-

°p∂ B¥-cnI km∑m¿§nI Ah-t_m-[-am-WXv (H.-t\m. {]hr. 23:1). \ΩpsS ]gb Pohn-Xw, sX‰mb

Xnc-s™-Sp-∏p-Iƒ As√-¶n¬ ssZh-Øns‚ Bflmhv F∂n-h-bm¬ a\- m£n kzm[o-\n-°-s∏-Smw. AXv

sX‰n-√mØ hgn-Im-´n-b-√, F¶nepw AXv hy‡n-]-c-amb hnizm-k-Øns‚ AXn¿Øn \n›-bn-°p-∂p.

AXn-\m¬ \ΩpsS a\- m-£n sXt‰m _e-lo-\tam Bbn-cp-∂m¬ t]mepw AXns\ ewLn-°p-∂-Xv,

Kuc-h-amb hnizmk {]iv\-am-Wv.

hnizm-kn-bpsS a\- m£n ssZh-h-N-\-Ømepw ssZhm-flm-hn-\mepw IqSp-X¬ IqSp-X¬ cq]-s∏-Sp-

Ø-s∏-tS-≠-XmWv (H.-t\m. 1 Xnsam. 3:9). ssZhw hnizm-kn-Isf Ah-¿°p e`n® shfn-®Øn-\\pk-cn-

®mWv hn[n-°p-∂Xv (A-Xm. _e-lo-\tam i‡-tam) F∂n-cp-∂mepw \mtam-tcm-cp-Øcpw IqSp-X¬ shfn-

®-Øn\pw I¿Øm-hmb tbip-{In-kvXp-hn¬ hf-cp-∂-Xn-\pw-th≠n ss__n-fn-s‚bpw ]cn-ip≤mflmhn-

s‚bpw Btem-N-\-Iƒ°v IqSp-X¬ Xpd∂ a\- p-≈-h-cm-bn-cn-t°-≠-XmWv. ""a\- m£n'' kw_-‘n®

IqSp-X¬ hn-i-Zo-I-c-W-Øn\v 2 sImcn. 10:25 ImWp-I. {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: _e-lo-\X ImWp-I.

190

NASB, NKJV ""F\n°p ]cnip≤mflmhn¬ km£nbmbncn°p∂p''

NRSV ""]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn\m¬ AXns\ Dd∏n°p∂p''

TEV ""]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn\m¬ `cn-°s∏∂p''

NJB ""]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hnt\mSp≈ sFIy-X-bn¬ Rm≥ Duln°p∂p''

X\n°p {InkvXp-hn¬\n∂pw Hcp {]tXyI hnfnbpw \ntbm-K-hp-ap-s≠∂v ]usemkv hniz-kn®p (H.-

t\m. {]hr. 9:1˛22; Kem. 1:1).

{Inb (h¿Øam\Ime I¿Øcn A]q¿Æ-{In-b, H.-t\m. 2:15) kp≥ s‚ kwbp-‡-amWv (]u-sem-kns‚

cN-\-I-fn¬ km[m-c-Ww).

1. {InkvXp-hns‚ shfn-∏mSv

a. Za-kvtImkv tdmUv

b. Atd-_y-bnse ]T\ (s\-_m-Xy)

2. Bflm-hns‚ B¥-cnI km£yw

Ah≥ Hcp As∏m-kvX-e-\m-I-bm¬ A[n-Im-c-tØmsS kwkm-cn-°p∂p (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 7:25,40). bn{km-

tb¬ P\-X-bpsS Ahn-izm-kØnepw [m¿jvSy-Øn-ep-ap≈ ssZh-Øns‚ ZpxJw Ah≥ ]¶n-Sp∂p (H.-t\m.

hm. 2). Ah¿°v hf-sc-b-[nIw `mKy-]-Z-hn-I-fp≠v (H.-t\m. hm. 4˛5).

9:3

NASB, NKJV,NRSV ""Rm≥ B{Kln°mambncp∂p''

TEV ""Ah¿°p-th≠n Rm≥ B{K-ln-°m-am-bn-cp∂p''

NJB ""Rm≥ Hcp-°-ap-≈-h-\m-bn-cp∂p''

Xs‚ P\-amb bn{km-tb-en-s\-°p-dn®v ]usemkv hfsc hnIm-c-`-cn-X-\m-bn-cp-∂p, Ahs‚ th¿]mSv

Ah-cpsS Dƒs∏-Sp-Ø-en\p Imc-a-am-Ip-sa-¶n¬ Ah-\-Xn\p Xøm-dm-bn-cp-∂p, hm. 3. Cu hmIy-Øn\v hfsc

i‡-am-b, Du∂-ep≈ hymI-cW LS-\-bm-Wp-≈Xv (Hm-t´m-kv, FtKm F∂n-hbpw h¿Ø-am-\-Ime tIh-e-

{Inbbpw tN¿∂ A]q¿Æ a[y kqN-Iw). Cu {]m¿∞-\-bpsS Xo{h-Xbpw `mchpw ]pd. 32:30-˛35 ¬

ImWp∂ ]m]w sNbvX bn{km-tb-en-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ tamsi-bpsS {]m¿∞-\bv°p kam-\-am-bm-Wv. CsXmcp

hkvXpX F∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ Hcp A`n-emj {]kvXm-h\ Bbn- p-thWw a\- n-em-°m≥. Kem. 4:20 se A]q¿Æ

Ime-Øns‚ D]-tbm-K-Øn\p kam-\-am-Wn-Xv. Xmsg-s°m-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂ {]tXyI ]T\ hnjbw ImWp-I.

{]tXyI ]T\hnjbw: a≤yÿ {]m¿∞\I. apJhpc

A. tbiphns‚ amXrI \nanØw {]m¿∞\ {]m[m\yap≈XmWv

1. hy‡n]camb {]m¿∞\, a¿s°m. 1:35; eqs°m. 3:21; 6:12; 9:29; 22:24˛46

2. ssZhmeb ip≤oIcWw, aØm. 21:13; a¿s°m. 11:17; eqs°m. 19:46

3. amXrIm {]m¿∞\, aØm. 6:5˛13; eqs°m. 11:2˛4

B. {]m¿∞\ F∂Xv BfØap≈h\pw IcpXp∂h\pw \ap°pw a‰p≈h¿°pw th≠n \ΩpsS

{]m¿∞\bneqsS {]h¿Øn°phm≥ k∂nlnX\pw a\ p≈h\pw {]m]vX\pamb

ssZhØnep≈ \ΩpsS hnizmksØ {]hrØn ]YØnseØn°p∂XmWv.

C. At\I taJeIfn¬ Xs‚ a°fpsS {]m¿∞\bv°\pkcn®v {]h¿Øn°p∂Xn¬ ssZhw

hy‡n]cambn ]cnanXn h®ncn°p∂p (H.t\m. bmt°m. 4:2)

D. {]m¿∞\bpsS apJy Dt±iyw {XntbI ssZhhpambp≈ \ΩpsS Iq´mbvabpw kabw

Nnehgn°epamWv

E. {]m¿∞\bpsS hym]vXn hnizmknsb Ae´p∂ F¥pw Bcpw BImw. hnizkn®psIm≠v Hcn°¬

am{Xw {]m¿∞n°pItbm As√¶n¬ B Nn¥ AYhm `mcw IS∂phcptºmƒ ho≠pw ho≠pw

{]m¿∞n°pItbm BImw.

F. {]m¿∞\bn¬ At\I Imcyßƒ Dƒs∏´ncn°pw

1. {XntbI ssZhtØmSp≈ kvXpXnbpw Bcm[\bpw

2. ssZhØns‚ km∂n[yw, Iq´mbva, Zm\ßƒ F∂nhbv°p≈ \μn Itc‰¬

3. Ign™ ImesØbpw Ct∏mgsØbpw \ΩpsS ]m]mhÿbpsS G‰p ]d®n¬

4. \ΩpsS Bhiyßƒ, B{Klßƒ F∂nhbv°mbp≈ At]£

5. a‰p≈hcpsS Bhiyßƒ ]nXmhns‚ apºmsI sIm≠phcp∂ a[yÿX

G. a≤yÿ {]m¿∞\ Hcp a¿ΩamWv. \mw {]m¿∞n°p∂ hy‡nIsf \mw kvt\ln°p∂Xns\

°mf[nIambn ssZhw kvt\ln°p∂p F¶nepw \ΩpsS {]m¿∞\ ]et∏mgpw \Ωn¬ am{Xa√

191

Ahcnepw am‰hpw {]XnIcWhpw Bhiyt_m[hpw Dfhm°pw.

II. thZ]pkvXI `mKßƒ

A. ]gb \nbaw

1. a≤yÿ {]m¿∞\bpsS Nne DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ:

a. A{_mlmw skmtZm-an-\p-th≠n At]-£n-°p-∂-Xv, Dev]. 18:22 apX¬

b. bn{km-tb-en-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ tamsi-bpsS {]m¿∞-\

(1) ]pd-∏mSv 5:22-˛23

(2) ]pd-∏mSv 32:31 apX¬

(3) Bh¿Ø\w 5:5

(4) Bh¿Ø\w 9:18,25 apX¬

c. bn{km-tb-en-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ iaq-th-ens‚ {]m¿∞-\

(1) 1 iaq-th¬ 7:5˛6,8-˛9

(2) 1 iaq-th¬ 12:16-˛23

(3) 1 iaq-th¬ 15:11

d. aI-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ ZmhoZns‚ {]m¿∞-\, 2 iaq-th¬ 12:16-˛18

2. ssZhw a≤y-ÿ-∑msc At\z-jn-°p-∂p, sbi. 59:16

3. Adn-hp-≈Xpw G‰p-]-d-bm-Ø-Xp-amb ]m]w AYhm am\-km-¥-c-s∏-SmØ at\m- mhw \ΩpsS

{]m¿∞-\-Isf kzm[o-\n°pw

a. k¶o. 66:18

b. kZr. 28:9

c. sbi. 59:1˛2; 64:7

B. ]pXnb \nbaw

1. ]p{X-s‚bpw Bflm-hn-s‚bpw a≤yÿ ip{iqj

a. tbip

(1) tdma¿ 8:34

(2) F{_m-b¿ 7:25

(3) 1 tbml-∂m≥ 2:1

b. ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hv, tdma¿ 8:26-˛27

2. ]usem-kns‚ a≤yÿ ip{iqj

a. sblq-Z-∑m¿°p-th-≠n-bp≈ {]m¿∞\

(1) tdma¿ 9:1 apX¬

(2) tdma¿ 10:1

b. k`-Iƒ°p-th-≠n-bp≈ {]m¿∞\

(1) tdma¿ 1:9

(2) Fs^. 1:16

(3) ^nen. 1:3˛4,9

(4) sImsem. 1:3,9

(5) 1 sX . 1:2˛3

(6) 2 sX . 1:11

(7) 2 Xnsam. 1:3

(8) ^nte. hm. 4

c. k`-IfpsS {]m¿∞\ ]usemkv Bh-iy-s∏´p

(1) tdma¿ 15:30

(2) 2 sImcn. 1:11

(3) Fs^. 6:19

(4) sImsem. 4:3

(5) 1 sX . 3:1

3. k`-bpsS a≤y-ÿ ip{iqj

a. At\ym\yw {]m¿∞n-°pI

(1) Fs^. 6:18

(2) 1 Xnsam. 2:1

(3) bmt°m. 5:16

b. {]tXyI kaq-l-Øn-\p-th≠n {]m¿∞\ Bh-iy-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p

192

(1) \ΩpsS i{Xp-°ƒ, aØm. 5:44

(2) {InkvXob {]h¿Ø-I¿, F{_m. 13:18

(3) `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ, 1 Xnsam. 2:2

(4) tcmK-Iƒ, bmt°m. 5:13-˛16

(5) ]n∑m-‰-°m¿, 1 tbml. 5:16

III. adp-]Sn e`n-°p∂ {]m¿∞-\-bpsS hyh-ÿ-Iƒ

A. {InkvXp-hn-t\mSpw Ahs‚ Bflm-hn-t\m-Sp-ap≈ \ΩpsS _‘w

1. Ah-\n¬ hkn-°p-I, tbml. 15:7

2. Ahs‚ \ma-Øn¬, tbml. 14:13,14; 15:16; 16:23-˛24

3. Bflm-hn¬, Fs]. 6:18; bqZm 20

4. ssZh-ln-X-{]-Im-cw, aØm. 6:10; 1 tbml. 3:22; 5:14˛15

B. t{]c-I-ßƒ

1. kwi-bn-°msX, aØm. 21:22; bmt°m. 1:6˛7

2. Xmgvabpw am\-km-¥-chpw, eqs°m. 18:9˛14

3. h√msX bmNn-°m-Xn-cn-°pI, bmt°m. 4:3

4. kzm¿∞X, bmt°m. 4:2˛3

C. a‰p LS-I-ßƒ

1. ÿntcm-’mlw

a. eqs°m. 18:1˛8

b. sImsem. 4:2

2. tNmZn-®p-sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°pI

a. aØm. 7:7˛8

b. eqs°m. 11:5˛13

c. bmt°m. 1:5

3. `h-\-Ønse tN¿®-bn-√m-bva, 1 ]s{Xm. 3:7

4. Adn-hp≈ ]m]-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ tamN\w

a. k¶o. 66:18

b. kZr. 28:9

c. sbi. 59:1˛2

d. sbi. 64:7

IV. ssZh-im-kv{X]camb D]-kw-lmcw

A. Fs¥mcp \√ ]Z-hn. Fs¥mcp Ah-k-cw. Fs¥mcp IS-abpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xzhpw

B. tbip-hmWv \ΩpsS amXr-I. Bflm-hmWv \ΩpsS hgn-Im-´n. ]nXmhv BImw-£-tbmsS ImØn-

cn-°p-∂p.

C. AXn\v \nß-sfbpw \nß-fpsS IpSpw-_-sØbpw \nß-fpsS kvt\ln-X-scbpw temI-sØ-Ø-

s∂bpw cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ign-bpw.

NASB ""{InkvXphnt\mSp thdphn´p im]{KkvX\mhm≥''

NKJV ""{InkvXphn¬\n∂p im]{KkvX\mhm≥''

NRSV ""im]{KkvX\mbn {InkvXphnt\mSp thdphn´pt]mIm≥''

TEV ""ssZhim]Øn≥ Iogn-embn {InkvXphnt\mSp thdphn´pt]mIm≥''

NJB ""a\-t msS in£n-°-s∏´v {InkvXphnt\mSp thdphn´pt]mIm≥''

""hnip≤w'' F∂-Xns‚ A¿∞w ssZh-Øns‚ D]-tbm-K-Øn-\mbn Ah-\p-th≠n th¿Xn-cn-°-s∏-SpI

F∂-Xm-Wv. AtX Bibw ""im]w'' (A-\m-sX-am -˛ anaqemaanaqemaanaqemaanaqemaanaqema, H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 12:3; 16:22; Kem. 1:8,9) F∂

]Z-tØmSpw _‘-s∏´n-cn-°p-∂p. Hcp hkvXp As√-¶n¬ Hcp-h≥ ssZh-Øn-\p-th≠n th¿Xn-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂p.

AXv kμ¿`-Øn-\-Sn-ÿm-\-ambn cp km[-Im-flI- A\p-`-htam (H.-t\m. tehy. 27:28; eqs°m. 21:5) \ntj-[m-

flI A\p-`-htam (H.-t\m. tbmip. 6˛7; tdma. 9:3) BImw.

{]tXyI ]T\hnjbw: im]w (A-\m-sX-am-˛anaqemaanaqemaanaqemaanaqemaanaqema)""im]w'' F∂-Xn\v F{_m-b-`m-j-bn¬ [mcmfw hm°p-I-fp-≠v. tlscw F∂ ]Zw (BDB 356) \in-

∏n-®p-I-f-bp-∂-Xn-\mbn (H.-t\m. Bh. 7:26; tbmip. 6:17-˛18; 17:12) ssZh-Øn\p \¬Ip-∂-Xns\ kqNn-∏n-

193

°p∂p (H.-t\m. sk]v‰z-Pn‚n¬ A\m-sXam (BAGD 54) tehy. 27:58). ""hnip≤ bp≤w'' F∂ Bi-b-

Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ ]Z-am-W-Xv. I\m-\ysc \in-∏n-®p- If-bWsa∂v ssZhw Iev]n-®p, sbcntlm

Bbn-cp∂p ""BZy-^-e-ambn'' BZyw \in-∏n-t°-≠n-bn-cp-∂-Xv.

]pXnb \nbaØn¬ A\m-sXam F∂ ]Zhpw AXn-t\mSp _‘-s∏´ ]Z-ßfpw \nc-h[n hyXykvX

A¿∞-ß-fn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≠v.

1. ssZh-Øn\p \evIp∂ Zm\w As√-¶n¬ hgn-]mSv (H.-t\m. eqs°m. 21:5)

2. ac-W-im]w (H.-t\m. {]hr. 23:14)

3. i]n-°p-Ibpw BWbn-Sp-Ibpw (H.-t\m. a¿s°m. 14:71)

4. tbip-hn-t\mSp _‘-s∏´ Hcp im]-hmIyw (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 12:3)

5. Hcp-hs\ As√-¶n¬ Hcp hkvXp-hns\ ssZhnI \ymb-hn-[nt°m \mi-Ønt\m Gev]n-®p-sIm-Sp-

°pI (H.-t\m. tdma. 9:3; 1 sImcn. 16:22; Kem. 1:8˛9).

""PU{]Imcw Fs‚ Nm¿®°mcmb'' 1:3 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWp-I.

9:4˛5 \ma {]tbm-K-ß-f-psS Cu ]c-ºc bn{km-tb-ens‚ ku`m-Ky-ß-tfm-Sp≈ _‘-Øn-emWv ]c-™n-cn-

°p-∂-Xv. Cu ku`m-Ky-ß-fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ Ah-cpsS Ahn-izmkw IqSp-X¬ in£m¿l-ambn amdn. A[nIw

e`n-®-h-tcmSv A[nIw tNmZn°pw (H.-t\m. eqs°m. 12:48)!

9:4 ""Ah¿ bn{kmtbey¿'' A{_m-lm-ans‚ k¥-Xn-bpsS ]gb \nba DS-ºSn \ma-am-Wn-Xv. ssZh-hp-ambn

\n¿Æm-b-I-amb Hcp A`n-ap-J-Øn-\p-tijw bmt°m-_ns‚ t]cv bn{km-tb¬ F∂p amdn (H.-t\m. Dev].

32:28). AXv ]n∂oSv bn{km-tb-ens‚ kmaq-lnI \ma-ambn amdn. AXns‚ hypev]Øn ""G¬ (ssZ-hw)

kq£n-°s´'' F∂m-Wv, A√msX bmt°m-_ns‚ h©-\-b-√.

{]tXyI ]T\hnjbw: bn{km-tb¬ (\m-aw)I. \ma-Øns‚ A¿∞w \n›-b-an√ (BDB 975)

A. G¬ \n¿_‘w ]nSn-°p∂p

B. G¬ \n¿_‘w ]nSn-°s´

C. G¬ kwc£n-°p∂p

D. G¬ t]mcm-Ss´

E. G¬ DZy-an-°s´

F. ssZh-tØmSp a√p-]n-Sn°p-∂-h≥ (H.-t\m. Dev]. 32:28)

II. ]gb \nba D]-tbmKw

A. bmt_m°v \Zn-°-c-bn¬ sh®v Hcp Bfln-I-Po-hn-bp-ambn a¬]n-SpØw \S-Øn-b-Xn-s\-ØpS¿∂v

bmt°m-_ns‚ t]cv (D-]m-bn, IpXn-Im¬ ]nSn-°p-∂-h≥, BDB 784, H.-t\m. Dev]. 25:26) amdn.

F{_mb t]cp-I-fpsS A¿∞w ]e-t∏mgpw hypXv]-Øn-]-c-am√ adn®v \m\m¿∞ {]tbm-K-ß-

fmWv (H.-t\m. 32:28). bn{km-tb¬ F∂Xv Ahs‚ t]cmbn (D-ev]. 35:10).

B. AXv Ahs‚ ]{¥≠p ]p{X-∑msc Hcp-an®v ]d-bp∂ t]cm-bn-Øo¿∂p (H.-t\m. Dev]. 32:42;

49:16; ]pd. 1:7; 4:22; 28:11; Bh. 3:18; 10:6)

C. ]pd-∏m-Sn-\p-apºpw (H.-t\m. Dev]. 47:27; ]pd. 4:22; 5:2) AXn\p tijhpw (H.-t\m. Bh. 1:1; 18:6;

33:10) ]{¥≠p tKm{X-ßƒ tN¿∂ PmXnsb kqNn-∏n-°p∂ t]cmbn amdn.

D. iu¬, Zmho-Zv, item-tam≥ F∂n-h-cpsS Ahn- ‡ cmPy-Øn-\p-tijw sctlm-s_-bm-ans‚ Iogn¬

tKm{X-ßƒ hn`-Pn-°-s∏´p (H.-t\m. 1 cmPm. 12)

1. HutZym-KnI hn`-P-\-Øn\p apºp-Xs∂ `n∂X Bcw-`n-®n-cp∂p (DZm. 2 iaq. 3:10; 5:5; 20:1;

24:9; 1 cmPm. 1:35; 4:20)

2. _n.-kn. 722 ¬ A»q-cns‚ B{I-a-W-Øn¬ iacy hogp-∂-Xp-hsc hSs° tKm{X-ßƒ Cu

t]cn¬ Adn-b-s∏´p (H.-t\m. 2 cmPm. 17)

E. Nne ÿe-ß-fn¬ sblq-Zmsb kqNn-∏n-°p∂p (H.-t\m. sbi. 1; aoJm 1:15˛16)

F. A»q-cy, _m_n-tem\y {]hm-k-Øn-\p-tijw AXp ho≠pw bmt°m-_ns‚ k¥-Xn-I-fpsS

Iq´msb t]cm-bn-Øo¿∂p (H.-t\m. sbi. 17:7,9; bnsc. 2:4; 50:17,19).

D. ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m-cn¬ \n∂pw thdn´v P\-ßsf kqNn-∏n-°p-hm≥ D]-tbm-Kn®p (H.-t\m. 1 Zn\. 9:2;

F{km 10:25; s\sl. 11:3).

194

""]p{X-Xzhpw'' ]gb \nb-a-Øn¬ ""]p{X-∑m¿'' F∂ _lp-h-N\w ZqX-∑msc kqNn-∏n-°p-hm-\mWv D]-

tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≈Xv (H.-t\m. Ctøm. 1:6; 2:1; 38:7; Zm\o. 3:25; k¶o. 29:1; 89:6˛7). GI-h-N\w D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv

1. bn{km-tb¬ cmPmhv (H.-t\m. 2 iaq. 7:14)

2. cmPyw (H.-t\m. ]pd. 4:22,23; Bh. 14:1; tlmti. 11:1)

3. ainlm (H.-t\m. k¶o. 2:7)

4. a\p-jy¿ (H.-t\m. Bh. 32:5; k¶o. 73:15; sbsl. 2:1; tlmti. 1:10. Dev]. 6:2 Zp¿{K-l-amWv; c≠n-te-

sX-¶nepw H∂m-Imw). ]pXnb \nb-a-Øn¬ CXv ssZh-`-h-\-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-´-h-sc- kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂p.

c£-bv°p≈ ]usem-kns‚ {][m\ kmZriyw ZsØ-Sp-°-emWv (]p-{X-Xzw, H.-t\m. tdma. 8:15,23; Kem.

4:5; Fs^. 1:5). AtX-k-abw ]s{Xmkpw tbml-∂m\pw ""ho≠pw-P-\\w'' D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. CXp c≠pw

IpSpw-_-km-Zr-iy-am-Wv. CsXmcp sblqZ kmZr-iy-a-√, tdma≥ kmZr-iy-am-Wv. ZsØ-Sp∏v tdma≥ \nb-a-

Øn≥Io-gn¬ sNe-th-dn-bXpw ka-b-sa-Sp-°p-∂-Xp-amb \nba \S-]Snbm-bn-cp∂p. ZsØ-Sp-°-s∏-Sp∂ hy‡nsb

Hcp ]pXnb hy‡n-bmbn AwKo-I-cn-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. ZsØ-SpØ ]nXm-hns\ Ahs\ Dt]-£n-°p-hmt\m sIm√p-

hmt\m A\p-hm-Z-an-√m-bn-cp-∂p.

""tXP pw'' F{_mb aqe-]-Z-Øn-\¿∞w ""`mc-ap-≈Xv'' F∂m-Wv, hne-tb-dnb H∂n-\p≈ kmZr-iy-am-bn-

cp∂p AXv. ChnsS CXp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv:

1. ssZhw ko\mbn ]¿Δ-X-Øn¬ Xs∂-Øs∂ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXpw (H.-t\m. ]pd. 19:18-˛19)

2. acp-`q-{]-bmW Ime-L-´-Øn¬ bn{km-tb¬ P\sØ \S-Ønb sjtJ\ taLw (H.-t\m. ]pd. 40:34-

˛38).

btlmh AXp-ey-amb hn[-Øn¬ Xs∂-Øs∂ bn{km-tb-en\p shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn. btlm-h-bpsS km∂n-[ysØ

Ahs‚ tXP- mbn ]cm-a¿in-®n-cn-°p∂p (H.-t\m. 1 cmPm. 8:10-˛11; sbsl. 1:28).

""\nb-a-ßfpw'' ]pcm-X\ {Ko°p IsøgpØp {]XnIfmb P46, B, F, G F∂nhbn¬ ""\nbaw'' F∂ GI-

h-N-\-amWv D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. AtX-k-abw IsøgpØp {]XnIfmb a, C ]pcm-Xe eØo≥, hƒtK-‰v,

tIm]v‰nIv F∂n-h-bn¬ _lp-h-N-\-amWv ImWp-∂-Xv. UBS4 _lp-h-N-\Øn\v “B”td‰nwKv (G-Xm≠v Dd-∏p-

≈-Xv) \¬Ip-∂p. F∂n-cp-∂mepw _lp-h-N\w ]gb \nb-a-Øn¬ Hcn-SØpw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-ń-√. ]gb \nb-a-

Øn¬ [mcmfw {]tXyI \nb-a-ßƒ ImWmw: BZmw, t\ml, A{_m-lmw, tamsi, Zmho-Zv. \ymb{]-amWw

sImSp-°p-∂-Xns\ ASp-Ø-Xmbn ]cma¿in-®n- p-≈-Xn-\m¬ CXv A{_m-lmay \nbaw Bbn-cn-°m-\mWp km[y-

X. CXn-s\-bmWv ]usemkv ASn-ÿm-\-ambn ImWp-∂Xpw (H.-t\m. 4:1˛25; Kem. 3:16-˛17) At\I {]mhiyw

tKm{X-]n-Xm-°-∑m-tcmSv Bh¿Øn-®n-´p-≈Xpw (A-Xm. Dev]. 12, 15, 17).

{]tXyI ]T-\hn-jbw: \nbaw]gb \nba ]Z-amb s_coØv (BDB 136), \n-baw/DS-º-Sn, \n¿h-Nn-°pI Ffp-∏-a-√. F{_m-b-

bn¬ AXn\p kam-\amb {Inbm-]-Z-an-√. hypXv]-Øn-]-c-amb \n¿h-N\w Is≠-Øm-\p≈ kIe{ia-

ßfpw ]cm-P-b-Øn-emWv Iem-in-®-Xv. F∂n-cp-∂mepw Bi-b-Øns‚ tI{μ-ÿm-\w, AXns‚ {Inbm-]-c-

amb A¿∞w Is≠-Øm-\p≈ {ia-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ AXns‚ D]-tbm-K-coXn ]Tn-°m≥ ]WvUn-X-∑msc

t{]cn-∏n-®p.

kXy ssZhw Xs‚ a\p-jy-kr-jvSn-tbmSv CS-s]-Sp∂ am¿§-amWv \n-baw/DS-º-Sn. \n-baw/DS-º-Sn,

kJy-X As√-¶n¬ [mcW F∂Xv thZ-]p-kvXI shfn-∏m-Sns\ kw_-‘n-®p≈ \n¿ÆmbI Adn-hmWv.

ssZh-Øns‚ ]c-am-[n-Im-chpw a\p-jys‚ kzb˛-C-—bpw XΩn-ep≈ thZ-]p-kvXI kwL¿jw \n-baw/

DS-º-Sn F∂ Bi-b-Øn¬ hy‡-ambn ImWp-hm≥ Ign-bpw. Nne \n-baw/DS-º-SnIƒ ssZh-Øns‚

kz`m-h-Øn-epw -{]-hr-Øn-I-fnepw am{Xw ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-´-h-bm-Wv.

1. krjvSn-∏n≥ {]hrØn (H.-t\m. Dev]Øn 1˛2)

2. A{_m-lm-ans‚ hnfn (H.-t\m. Dev]Øn 12)

3. A{_m-lm-ap-am-bp≈ DS-ºSn (H.-t\m. Dev]Øn 15)

4. t\mlsb kwc-£n-®Xpw Ah-\p-ambn DS-ºSn sNbvXXpw (H.-t\m. Dev]Øn 6˛9)

F∂n-cp-∂mepw DS-º-Sn-bpsS {]tXyI kz`mhw Hcp {]Xn-I-c-Ww- B-h-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p.

1. BZmw hnizm-k-Øm¬ ssZhsØ A\p-k-cn-°p-Ibpw tXm´-Øns‚ \Sp-hn-ep≈ hr£-Øns‚

êw Xn∂m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw thWw

2. hnizm-k-Øm¬ A{_mlmw Xs‚ IpSpw-_sØ hn´v ssZhsØ A\p-K-an-°p-Ibpw `mhn Xe-ap-

d-bv°p-th≠n ssZhsØ hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw thWw

3. hnizm-k-Øm¬ t\ml Hcp s]Íw ]Wn-bp-Ibpw arK-ßsf Xs‚-b-Sp-°¬ Iqń-h-cp-Øp-Ibpw

thWw

195

4. hnizm-k-Øm¬ tamsi bn{km-tb¬ P\sØ an{k-bo-an¬\n∂pw ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn®v ko\mbn ]¿Δ-

X-Øn¬ sIm≠p-h-cn-Ibpw A\p-{K-l-ß-f-pw im]-ßfpw AS-ßnb aX-]-chpw kmaqlnIhpamb

Pohn-X-Øn-\p≈ {]tXyI am¿§-\n¿t±-i-ßƒ kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw thWw (H.-t\m. Bh¿Ø\w

27-˛28).

a\p-jy-t\m-Sp≈ ssZh-Øns‚ _‘-Ønƒ Dƒs∏-Sp∂ CtX kwL¿jw ""]pXnb \nba'-a-Ønepw

ssIImcyw sNbvXn-´p-≠v. sbsl. 18 s\ sbsl. 36:27-˛37 ambn (b-tlm-h-bpsS {]hr-Øn) Xmc-X-ay-s∏-

Sp-Øp-∂-XneqsS Cu kwL¿jw hy‡-ambn ImWp-hm≥ Ign-bpw. \n-baw/DS-º-Sn ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-´n-cn-

°p-∂Xv ssZh-Øns‚ Ir]m-Ic {]hr-Øn-bn-emtWm AtNm a\p-jys‚ {]Xn-I-c-a-Øn-emtWm? ]gb

\nb-a-Øn-sebpw ]pXnb \nb-a-Øn-sebpw \n¿Æm-bI hnj-b-am-Wn-Xv. c≠n-s‚bpw c£yw H∂p-X-s∂-

bmWv: (1) Dev]Øn 3 ¬ \jvS-s∏´ btlm-h-bp-am-bp≈ Iq´mbva ]p\xÿm-]n-°pI, (2) ssZh-Øns‚

kz`m-hsØ {]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p∂ \oXnbp≈ Hcp P\sØ ÿm]n-°p-I.

bnsc. 31:31-˛34 se ]pXnb \nbaw, AwKo-Imcw t\Sp-∂-Xn-\p≈ am¿§-sa∂ \nebn¬ am\p-jnI

{]I-S-\sØ Hgn-hm-°n-s°m≠v Cu kwL¿jw ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ \nbaw Hcp _mly-amb

N´-sa-∂-Xn\p ]Icw B¥-cnI B{K-l-ambn amdp-∂p. Hcp ssZh-`-‡-cm-b, \oXn-bp≈ P\-Øns‚

e£yw ]gb]Sn XpS-cp∂p F¶nepw AXn-\p≈ am¿§w hyXym-k-s∏-Sp-∂p. hoWp-t]mb a\p-jy-h¿§w

kzbw ssZh-Øns‚ {]Xn-_nw-_-am-Ip-∂-Xn\v Ign-hp-≈-h-c√ F∂p sXfn-bn-®p-I-gn-™p. {]iv\w ssZh-

Øns‚ \nb-a-a-√, adn®v a\p-jys‚ ]m]-h-ÿbpw _e-lo-\-X-bp-amWv (H.-t\m. tdma¿ 7; Kem-Xy¿ 3).

]gb \nb-a-Ønse \ncp-]m-[n-Ihpw tkm]m-[n-I-hp-amb \nb-a-ßƒ XΩn-ep≈ AtX kwL¿jw

]pXnb \nb-a-Ønepw XpS-cp-∂p. c£ tbip-{InkvXp \nh¿Øn® {]hr-Øn-bn-eqsS kºq¿Æ-ambpw

ku-P-\y-am-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ Xt∂ AXv am\-km-¥-chpw hnizm-khpw Bh-iy-s∏-Sp∂p ({]m-cw-`-ambpw

XpS¿am-\-am-bpw). AXv Htc kabw \nb-a-]-c-amb {]Jym-]-\-hpw {InkvXp-Xp-ey-cm-Ip-∂-Xn-\p≈ Blzm-

\-hpw, AwKoImcØns‚ kqNI {]kvXm-h-\bpw hnip-≤n-°p-th-≠n-bp≈ Hcp Iev]-\-bp-amWv! hnizm-

kn-Iƒ Ah-cpsS {]hr-Øn-bm-e√ c£n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv, adn®v A\p-k-cW-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bmWv (H.-t\m.

Fs^. 2:8˛10). `‡n-\n¿`c PohnXw c£-bpsS sXfn-hm-Wv, c£bv°p≈ -am¿§-a-√. F¶nepw \nXy-

Poh\v Zriy-amb khn-ti-j-X-I-fp≠v! Cu kwL¿jw F{_m-b-te-J-\-Øn¬ hy‡-ambn ImWp-hm≥

Ign-bpw.

""\ymb{]amWhpw Bcm[\bpw'' CXp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv

1. tamsi ko\mbn ]¿Δ-X-Øn¬sh®v \ymb-{]-amWw kzoI-cn-°p-∂Xv (H.-t\m. ]pd-∏mSv 19-˛20)

2. acp-`q-an-bm-{Xm-th-f-bnse kam-K-a-\-Iq-Smcw (H.-t\m. ]pd-∏mSv 25-˛40, tehym-]p-kvX-Iw)

""hmKvZØßfpw'' ]gb \nb-a-Øn-eqsS ssZhw Xs‚ `mhn ]vZ[-Xn-Iƒ shfn-s∏-SpØn (H.-t\m. 1:2;

{]hr. 13:32; XosØm. 1:2; F{_m. 1:1)

""\nb-a-ßƒ'' F∂v BZyw ]cm-a¿in-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ ""hmKvZ-Ø-ßƒ'' ain-lmsb kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-

bn-cn°mw (H.-t\m. hm. 5; Dev]. 3:15; 49:10; Bh. 18:15,18˛19; 2 iaq. 7; k¶o. 16:10; 118:22; sbi. 7:14; 9:6; 11:1˛5;

Zm\o. 7:13,27; aoJm 5:2˛5a; skJ. 6:12˛13; 9:9; 11:12).

Cu hmKvZ-Ø-ßƒ (\n-b-a-ßƒ) Htc-k-abw tkm]m-[n-Ihpw \ncp-]m-[n-I-hp-am-Wv. ssZh-Øns‚ {]hr-

ØntbmSp≈ _‘-Øn¬ Ah \ncp-]m-[n-I-amWv (H.-t\m. Dev]. 15:12-˛21), F∂m¬ a\p-jys‚ hnizm-k-

Ønepw A\p-k-c-W-Ønepw tkm]m-[n-I-amWv (H.-t\m. Dev]Øn 15:6; tdma¿ 4). {InkvXp-hns‚ hc-hn-\p-

apºv bn{km-tb-en-\p-am-{Xta ssZh-Øns‚ kzb shfn-∏mSv e`n-®n-´p≈p (Ctøm-_v, bnt{Xm F∂n-ßs\

Nnescmgn-sI).

9:5 ""]nXm-°-∑mcpw'' CXv A{_m-lmw, bnkvlm-°v, bmt°m_v F∂n-ßs\ Dev]Øn 12-˛50 ¬ ImWp∂

tKm{X-]n-Xm-°-∑msc kqNn-∏n-°p∂p (H.-t\m. tdma. 11:28; Bh. 7:8; 10:15).

""PU{]Imcw {InkvXphpw Ahcn¬ \n∂t√m D¤hn®Xp'' CXv ssZh-Øns‚ A`n-jn-‡-\pw, ssZh-

Øns‚ hmKvZ-Ø-ß-fpw ]≤-Xn-Ifpw (H.-t\m. 10:6) \nh¿Øn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ssZh-Øns‚ {]tXy-I-ambn Xnc-

s™-Sp-°-s∏´ ]m{X-hp-amb ain-lm-bpsS am\p-jnI hwim-h-ensb ]cm-an¿in-°p∂p (H.-t\m. 1:3, 1:4 se

{]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: ainlm ImWp-I).

""{InkvXp'' F∂ ]Zw ""A`n-jn-‡≥'' F∂ F{_m-b-]-Z-Øns‚ {Ko°p ]cn-`m-j-bm-Wv. ]gb \nb-a-

Øn¬ aq∂p hn`mKw t\Xm-°ƒ {]tXyI A`n-tjI ssXe-Øm¬ A`n-tjIw sNø-s∏-´n-cp-∂p.

1. bn{km-tb-ens‚ cmPm°∑m¿

2. bn{km-tb-ens‚ alm-]p-tcm-ln-X∑m¿

3. bn{km-tb-ens‚ {]hm-N-I-∑m¿

AXv ssZhw Ahsc Xnc-s™-SpØv ip{iq-j-bv°mbn k÷o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xns‚ AS-bm-f-am-bn-cp-∂p. Cu

aq∂v A`n-jn‡ ip{iq-jbpw tbip \nh¿Øn®p (H.-t\m. F{_m. 1:2˛3). Ah≥ ssZh-Øns‚ kºq¿Æ

196

shfn-∏m-Sm-bn-cp∂p ImcWw Ah≥ PU-sa-SpØ ssZh-am-bn-cp∂p (H.-t\m. sbi. 7:14; 9:6; aoJm 5:2˛5a;sImsem. 1:13-˛20). 1:3 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: ""PUw'' ImWp-I

NASB ""PU{]Imcw {InkvXphpw Ahcn¬ \n∂t√m D¤hn®Xp; Ah≥ k¿ΔØn∂pw aosX, ssZhw

Fs∂t∂°pw hmgvØs∏´h≥''

NKJV ""{InkvXp h∂Xv, Ah≥ k¿ΔØn∂pw aosX, Fs∂t∂°pw hmgvØs∏´ ssZhw''

NRSV ""ainlm h∂Xv, Ah≥ k¿ΔØn∂pw aosX, ssZhw Fs∂t∂°pw hmgvØs∏´h≥''

TEV ""{InkvXp a\p-jy-s\∂ \ne-bn¬ Ah-cpsS hwi-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. kI-e-Øn-\pw-aosX

hmgp∂ ssZhw Fs∂-t∂°pw kvXpXn-°-s∏-Sp-amdm-Is´''

NJB ""k¿ΔØn∂pw aosXbp≈ {InkvXp h∂Xv, ssZhw Fs∂t∂°pw hmgvØs∏Spam-dm-Is´''

hymI-c-W-]-c-ambn CXv ]nXmhmw ssZhsØ hmgvØp-∂-XmWv (TEV sblqZ ]mc-ºcyw ]n¥p-S-cp-∂p)

F¶nepw kμ¿`w kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv ]usemkv tbip-hns‚ ssZh-XzsØ Du∂n-∏-d-bp-∂-Xm-bn-´mWv (CXv

sk]v‰z-Pn‚nse btlm-h-bv°p≈ sblqZ kvXpXn-I-fpsS amXrI ]n¥p-S-cp-∂n√; ImWp-I, sP. aptd, IIt]Pv 245-˛248). ]usemkv sXtbmkv F∂ hm°v tbip-hn\v A[nIw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂n√, s#¶nepw D]-tbm-

Kn-°p-∂p≠v (H.-t\m. {]hr. 20:28; 2 sX . 1:12; XosØm. 2:13; ^nen. 2:6). F√m BZna k`m-]n-Xm-°-∑mcpw

Cu thZ-`mKw tbip-hns\ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-bn-´mWv hymJym-\n-®n-´p-≈-Xv. Bruce Metzger, A Textual Com-mentary on the Greek New Testament, pp.520-522 kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv hyXykvX A`n-{]m-b-ßƒ cq]-s∏-´n-´p-

≈Xv Nn”-ßƒ FhnsS D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂Xns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-sW-∂mWv. ]pcm-X\ hen-b-

£c Isø-gpØp {]Xn-I-fn¬

1. hen-b-£cw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂n√

2. Nn”-ß-fn√

3. JWvUnI hn`-P\w C√

4. hm°p-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ AI-e-hp-an-√.

""Ah≥ k¿ΔØn∂pw aosX'' CXv ]nXmhmw ssZh-Ønt\m As√-¶n¬ ]p{X-\mb tbip-hnt\m D≈

hnh-c-Wm-fl-I-amb {]tbm-K-am-Wv. CXv aØm. 28:19 sb tbip-hns‚ {]kvXm-h-\-sbbpw sImsem. 1:15-˛20

se ]usem-kns‚ {]kvXm-h-\-sbbpw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. Cu i‡-amb {]tbm-Kw, \k-dm-b-\mb tbip-hns\

X≈n-°-f-™-Xn¬ bn{km-tb-ens‚ t`mj-XzsØ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.

""Fs∂t∂°pw'' CXv B£-cn-I-ambn ""Ft∂°pw'' F∂ {Ko°v ssien-bmWv (H.-t\m. eqs°m. 1:33, 54;

tbml. 6:58; 8:35; 12:34; 14:16; tdma. 1:25; 11:36; 2 sImcn. 9:9; Kem. 1:5; 1 Xnsam. 1:17). CXv AXn-t\m-Sp- _-‘-

s∏´ \nc-h[n {]tbm-K-ß-fn¬ H∂mWv (1) ""Hcp-\mfpw'' (H.-t\m. aØm. 21:19 [a¿s°m. 11:14]; tbml. 13:8 (2)

""Ft∂°pw Xe-ap-d-X-e-ap-d-bmbn'' (H.-t\m. Fs^. 3:21). Chbv°v ""Ft∂°pw'' F∂ {]tbm-K-Øn¬\n∂pw

hyXymkw H∂p-an-√. Ft∂°pw F∂Xv d∫n-am¿ ""]qPI _lp-h-N\w'' F∂p hnfn-°p∂ hymI-cW \nb-

a-a-\p-k-cn-®p≈ _lp-h-N-\-cq-]-am-Wv. As√-¶n¬ AXv ""\njv]m] bpKw'' As√-¶n¬ ""Xn∑-bpsS bpKw''

As√-¶n¬ ""hcp-hm-\p≈ bpKw'' As√-¶n¬ ""\oXn-bpsS bpKw'' F∂n-ß-s\-bp≈ sblqZ Bibw A\p-

k-cn®p≈ At\I bpK-ßƒ tN¿∂Xv F∂ Bib-am-Imw.

""Bta≥'' 1:25 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWp-I.

tdma¿ 9:6˛136ssZhhN\w hrYmhmbnt∏mbn F∂√; bn{kmtben¬\n∂p D¤hn®h¿ F√mw bn{kmtb-

ey¿ F∂pw 7A{_mlmans‚ k¥XnbmIbm¬ F√mhcpw a°ƒ F∂pw hcnIbn√: ""bnkvlm-

°n¬\n∂p P\n°p∂h¿ \ns‚ k¥Xn F∂p hnfn°s∏Spw'' Ft∂bp≈p. 8AXns‚ A¿∞tam:

PU{]Imcw P\n® a°ƒ A√ ssZhØns‚ a°ƒ; hmKvZØ{]Imcw P\n® a°sfbt{X k¥Xn

F∂p FÆp∂p. 9""Cu kabtØ°p Rm≥ hcpw; At∏mƒ kmsd°p Hcp aI≥ D≠mIpw'' F∂t√m

hmKvZØhN\w. 10A{Xbpa√, dns_°bpw \ΩpsS ]nXmhmb bnkvlm°v F∂ GI\m¬ K¿`w

[cn®p, 11Ip´nIƒ P\n°tbm KpWamIs´ tZmjamIs´ H∂pw {]h¿Øn°tbm sNøpwapsº

Xncs™Sp∏n≥{]Imcap≈ ssZh\n¿Æbw {]hrØnIƒ \nanØa√ hnfn®hs‚ C„w \nanØw

Xt∂ htc≠Xn∂p: 12""aqØh≥ Cfbhs\ tkhn°pw'' F∂p AhtfmSp Acpfns®bvXp. 13""Rm≥

bmt°m_ns\ kvt\ln®p Gimhns\ tZzjn®ncn°p∂p'' F∂p FgpXnbncn°p∂pht√m.

9:6 ""ssZhhN\w'' Cu kμ¿`-Øn¬ CXv ]gb \nba DS-ºSn hmKvZ-Ø-ßsf t#kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. ssZh-

Øns‚ hmKvZ-Ø-ßƒ Dd-∏p-≈-XmWv (H.-t\m. kwJy. 23:19; tbmip. 21:45; 23:24; 2 cmPm. 10:10; sbi. 40:8;

55:11; 59:21).

197

NASB, NRSV,TEV, NJB ""]cm-P-b-s∏-´pthm''

NKJV ""\njv^-e-am-bn-Øo¿∂pthm''

Cu ]Zw (F-Iv]n-]vt‰m -˛ ekpiptwekpiptwekpiptwekpiptwekpiptw) Hcp-h≥ (H.-t\m. sbi. 14:12) As√-¶n¬ Hcp- hkvXp (H.-t\m.

sbi. 6:13) hogp-∂-Xns\ kqNn-∏n-°m≥ \nc-h[n {]mhiyw sk]v‰z-Pn‚n¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n- p-≠v. \ne-\n-ev°p∂

]f-tXm-X-Sp-Iq-Snb Hcp Ah-ÿsb kqNn-∏n-°p∂ (F-∂m¬ \ntj-[m-fl-I-am-bn) ]q¿Æ I¿Øcn kqN-I-

am-Wn-Xv. ssZh-h-N-\-Øns‚ Dd-∏ns\°pdn-®p≈ ]cm-a¿iw apI-fn¬ ImWp-I.

NASB ""bn{kmtben¬\n∂p D¤hn®h¿ F√mw bn{kmtbey¿ F∂pw ... hcn-I-bn√''

NKJV ""bn{kmtben¬\n∂p≈h¿ F√mw bn{kmtbey¿ F∂pw ... hcn-I-bn√''

NRSV ""F√m bn{kmtbeycpw bYm¿∞ bn{kmtbeyc√''

TEV ""bn{kmtb¬ P\Øn¬s]´ ssZh-Øns‚ P\-a√''

NJB ""bn{kmtben¬\n∂p D¤hn®h¿ F√mw bn{kmtb¬ A√''

Cu sshcp≤y {]kvXm-h-\-bpsS A¿∞w ""bn{km-tb¬'' F∂ thZ-]p-kvXI ]Z-Øns‚ A¿∞-Øns‚

ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWv \ne-sIm-≈p-∂Xv.

1. bn{km-tb¬, bmt°m-_ns‚ k¥-Xn-Iƒ F∂ A¿∞-Øn¬ (H.-t\m. Dev]. 32:22-˛32)

2. bn{km-tb¬, ssZh-Øns‚ Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´ P\w F∂ A¿∞-Øn¬ (H.-t\m. TEV)

3. BflnI bn{km-tb¬, k` F∂ A¿∞-Øn¬ (H.-t\m. Kem. 6:16; 1 ]s{Xm. 2:8,9; shfn. 1:6) FXn-

cmbn kzm`m-hnI bn{km-tb¬ (H.-t\m. hm. 3˛6).

A{_m-lm-ans‚ k¥-Xn-I-fn¬ Nne¿ am{Xta hmKvZ-ØØns‚ a°ƒ BIp-∂p≈p (H.-t\m. hm. 7). sblq-

Z-∑m¿t]mepw Ah-cpsS hwim-h-en-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ A√ (H.-t\m. hm. 7) adn®v hnizmkØmemWv

(H.-t\m. 2:28-˛29; 4:1 apX¬; tbml. 8:31-˛59; Kem. 3:7˛9; 4:23) ssZh-hp-ambn \nc-∏p-{]m-]n-®Xv. hniz-kn-°p∂

tijn-∏mWv (9:27-˛28 se {]tXyI ]T\ hnjbw ImWp-I) ssZhnI hmKvZ-Ø-ßƒ {]m]n-®Xpw hnizm-k-

Øm¬ Ah-bn¬ \S-∂Xpw (H.-t\m. 9:27; 11:5).

hm. ¬ km¶-ev]nI {]Xn-hm-Z-ß-fpsS Hcp ]c-ºc Bcw-`n-°p∂p (H.-t\m. 9:14,19,30; 11:1). ChnsS ]usem-

kns‚ Ubm-ss{S_v coXn XpS-cp-∂p. Hcp km¶-ev]nI {]Xn-hm-Zn-bn-eqsS (H.-t\m. aem. 1:2,6,7 [2 {]mhiyw],12,13;2:14,17 [2 {]mhiyw]; 3:7,13,14).

9:7 Cu hmIy-Øns‚ c≠mw ]IpXn, Dev]. 21:12d ¬ \n∂p≈ D≤-c-Wn-bm-Wv. A{_m-lm-ans‚ k¥-Xn-I-

Iƒ F√m-hcpw ssZh-Øns‚ DS-ºSn hmKvZ-Øns‚ a°ƒ A√ (H.-t\m. Dev]. 12:1˛3; 15:1˛11; 17:1˛21; 18:1˛15;

Kem. 4:23). CXv hm. 8˛9 ¬ bnivam-tbepw bnkvlm°pw XΩn-epw, hm. 10-˛11 ¬ bmt°m_pw Gimhpw

XΩnepw D≈ hyXym-ksØ ImWn-°p-∂p.

9:8 ChnsS ]usemkv tZiob ss]Xr-IsØ kqNn-∏n-°p-hm≥ ""PUw'' F∂ ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p (H.-t\m.

1:3; 4:1; 9:3,5, 1:3 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWp-I). Ah≥ A{_m-lm-ans‚ kzm`m-hnI k¥-Xn-I-sf (9:3

se sblq-Z-∑m¿) A{_m-lm-ans‚ (hm-KvZØ k¥-Xn) BflnI k¥-Xn-I-fp-ambn (ssZ-h-Øns‚ hmKvZØ

ain-lm-bn¬ hnizm-k-Øm¬ B{i-bn-°p-∂-h¿, H.-t\m. 2:28-˛29) Xmc-X-ay-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. CXv 8:4˛11 se

hoWpt]mb a\p-jyh¿§hpw hos≠-Sp-°-s∏´ a\p-jy-h¿§hpw F∂ Xmc-Xayw A√.

9:9 Dev]. 18:10,14 ¬ \n∂p≈ D≤-c-Wn-bm-Wn-Xv. hmKvZØ inip (""k-¥Xn-) ssZhw ap≥I-sø-Sp-Ø-X-\p-k-

cn®v kmdm-bn¬ \n∂pw P\n°pw. CXv BXy-¥n-I-ambn ain-l-bpsS P\-Øn¬ ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°pw. 13 h¿j-

ßƒ°p apºv Dev]. 12:1˛3 ¬ ssZhw A{_m-lm-an\p \evInb hmKvZ-Ø-Øns‚ {]tXyI \nhr-Øn-bm-bn-

cp∂p bnkvlm-°ns‚ P\-\w.

9:10 A{_m-lm-an-s‚bpw bnkvlm-°n-s‚bpw bmt°m-_n-s‚-bpw mcy-am¿ h‘y-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p; Ah¿°v K¿`w

[cn-°m≥ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. a°sf {]k-hn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ AhcpsS Ign-hn-√m-bva, ain-sslI hwi-Øns‚

DS-ºSn hmKvZ-Ø-ß-fpsS \nb-{¥Ww Xs‚ ]°-em-sW∂v ImWn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ssZh-Øns‚ hgn-I-fn¬

H∂m-bn-cp-∂p.

as‰mcp hgn, bYm¿∞ ain-sslI hwimhen Hcn-°epw tKm{X-]n-Xm-hns‚ aqØ-]p{X-\n¬ \n∂pw

A√ ]pd-s∏-Sp-∂Xv F∂p ImWn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p (A-Xm-bn-cp∂p kmwkvIm-cn-I-ambn {]Xo-£n-°-s∏-´n-cp-∂-

Xv). ssZh-Øns‚ Xnc-s™-Sp-∏mWv Xmt°m¬ (H.-t\m. hm. 11-˛12).

9:11-˛12 hm. 11-˛12, {Ko°n¬ Hcp hmN-I-am-Wv. Cu hnh-cWw Dev]. 25:19-˛34 ¬\n∂pw -F-Sp-Ø-Xm-Wv. Cu DZm-

l-cWw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv ssZh-Øns‚ Xnc-s™-Sp∏v (H.-t\m. hm. 16) (1) am\p-jnI hwim-h-en-{]-Im-c-

tam, (2) am\p-jnI {]hr-Øn-I-fp-sStbm t\´-Øn-s‚tbm ASn-ÿm-\-Øntem (H.-t\m. hm.16) A√ F∂p

sXfn-bn-°p-∂-Xn-\m-Wv. CXmWv kphn-ti-j-Øn-s‚, ]pXnb \nb-a-Øns‚ {]h¿Ø-\-coXn (H.-t\m. bnsc.

31:31-˛34; sbsl. 36:22-˛36). F¶n-epw, ssZh-Øns‚ Xnc-s™-Sp∏v Hgn-hm-°m-\-√, Dƒs∏-Sp-Øm-\mWv F∂

198

Imcyw Hm¿t°-≠-XmWv! ainlm Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´ k¥-Xn-bn¬ \n∂mWp hcp-∂-Xv, ]t£ Ah≥ F√m-

h¿°pw th≠n-bmWv hcp-∂Xv (hn-iz-kn-°p-∂-h¿°p-th-≠n, H.-t\m. 2:28-˛29; 4:3,22˛25; A[ymbw 10).

9:11 ""CjvSw'' CXv t{]m bpsS IqsS ‰nsXan (protithmiprotithmiprotithmiprotithmiprotithmi) tN¿∂p-≠mb kwbp‡ ]Z-am-Wv. CXn\v \nc-

h[n A¿∞-ß-fp-≠v.

1. tdma. 3:25 ¬

a. ]c-ky-ambn apt∂m-´p-sh-bv°pI

b. ]Icamb Zm\w

2. apsº ]≤Xn Xøm-dm-°pI

a. ]usem-kv, tdma. 1:3

b. ssZhw, Fs^. 1:9

ChnsS D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂ {Inbm-cq]Øn\v (t{]m-sX-kn-kv) ""ap≥Iqń {Iao-I-cn-°pI'' F∂¿∞w

1. BebØnse ImgvN-b-∏-Øn\v D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂p, aØm. 12:4; a¿s°m. 2:26; eqs°m. 6:4

2. ssZh-Øns‚ ap≥ \n¿Æ-bn® hos≠-Sp-∏n≥ ]≤-Xn°v D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p, tdma. 8:28; 9:11; Fs^.

1:5,11; 3:10; 2 Xnsam. 1:9; 3:10

]usemkv tdma¿ 8, 9 A[ym-b-ß-fnepw Fs^-ky¿ 1 epw t{]m F∂ KXn-bpsS \nc-h[n kwbp-‡-]-Z-ßƒ

D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p≠v (ssZ-h-Øns‚ ap≥\n¿Æ-b-{]-Im-c-ap≈ {]hr-Øn-sb-bmWv Ah kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv).

1. t{]mKn-t\mkvtIm (proginwskwproginwskwproginwskwproginwskwproginwskw) ap∂-dn™p, tdma. 8:29

2. {]qdnUvtkm (proorizwproorizwproorizwproorizwproorizw) ap∂ta cq]-s∏-Sp-ØpI, tdma. 8:29 (F-s^. 1:5,11), 30 (F-s^. 1:9)

3. t{]msX-knkv (proqesijproqesijproqesijproqesijproqesij) ap≥\n¿Æ-b-{]-Im-c-ap≈ Dt±iyw, tdma. 9:11

4. t{]mFt‰m-bn-amUvtkm (proetoimazwproetoimazwproetoimazwproetoimazwproetoimazw) aps∂mcp°pI, tdma. 9:23

5. t{]mssetKm (prolegwprolegwprolegwprolegwprolegw) ap∂ta ]d™Xv, tdma. 9:29

6. t{]mF¬]nUvtkm (proelpizwproelpizwproelpizwproelpizwproelpizw) ap∂ta {]Xym-in-°pI, Fs^. 1:12

9:12 Gim-hn-t\mSpw bmt°m-_n-t\mSpw _‘-s∏´v Dev]. 25:23 ¬ ImWp∂ {]h-N-\-Øns‚ D≤-c-Wn-bm-Wn-

Xv. CXp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv sdt_-°-bpw bmt°m_pw A\p-{Klw t\Sm≥ Gim-hns\ h©n-®-t∏mƒ hy‡n-

]-c-amb t\´-Øn-\p-th-≠n-b-√, {]h-N-\-Øn-\-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWv Aßs\ {]h¿Øn-®Xv F∂mWv!

9:13 ""Gim-hns\ tZzjn-®n-cn-°p∂p'' aem. 1:2˛3 ¬ \n∂p≈ D≤-c-Wn-bm-Wn-Xv. ""tZzjn-°pI'' F∂Xv Xmc-

X-ay-Øn-\p≈ F{_mb ssien-bm-Wv. ae-bmf-Øn¬ AXv ITn-\-ambn tXm∂pw, F∂m¬ Dev]. 29:31-˛33;

Bh. 21:15; aØm. 10:37-˛38; eqs°m. 14-:26; tbml. 12:25 Xmc-X-ay-s∏-Sp-Øp-I. ""kvt\lw,'' ""tZzjw'' F∂o

a\p-jy-cq-]m-tcm-]W ]Z-ßƒ ssZh-Øn\v Cu hy‡n-I-tfm-Sp≈ hnIm-c-sØ-b√ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv, adn®v

ain-sslI ]c-º-c-tbmSpw hmKvZ-Ø-ß-tfm-Sp-ap≈ Xs‚ {]Xn-_-≤-X-sb-bm-Wv. Dev]. 25:23 se {]h-N\w

A\p-k-cn®v bmt°m_v hmKvZØ k¥-Xn-bm-Wv. aem. 1:2˛3 ¬ Gim-hns\ GtZmw hwi-am-bn-´mWv (G-im-

hns‚ k¥-Xn-Iƒ) ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

{]tXyI ]T\hnjbw:ssZhw a\pjys\∂ \nebn¬ hnhcn°s∏ńcn°p∂p(a\pjycq]mtcm]W `mj)

I CØcØnep≈ `mj ]gb \nbaØn¬ km[mcWbmbncp∂p (Nne DZmlcWßƒ)

A. ùXnI icoc`mKßƒ

1. IÆpIƒ ˛ Dev]. 1:4, 31; 6:8; ]pd. 33:17; kwJy. 14:14; Bh. 11:12; skJ. 4:10

2. ssIIƒ ˛ ]pd. 15:17; kwJy. 11:23; Bh. 2:15

3. `pPw ˛ ]pd. 6:6; 15:16; kwJy. 11:23; Bh. 4:34; 5:15

4. sNhnIƒ ˛ kwJy. 11:18; 1 iaq. 8:21; 2 cmPm. 19:16; k¶o. 5:1; 10:17; 18:6

5. apJw -˛ ]pd. 32:30; 33:11; kwJy. 6:25; Bh. 34:10; k¶o. 114:7;

6. hnc¬ ˛ ]pd. 8:19; 31:18; Bh. 9:10; k¶o. 8:3

7. i_vZw ˛ Dev]. 3:8,10; ]pd. 15:26; 19:19; Bh. 26:17; 27:10

8. Im¬ ˛ ]pd. 24:10; sbsl. 43:7

9. a\pjycq]w ˛ ]pd. 24:9˛-11; k¶o. 47; sbi. 6:1; sbsl. 1:26

10. btlmhbpsS ZqX≥ ˛ Dev]. 16:7˛13; 22:11˛15; 31:11,13; 48:15˛16; ]pd. 3:4,13˛21; 14:19; \ymbm. 2:1;

6:22˛-23; 13:3˛22

B. imcocnI {]h¿Ø\ßƒ

1. krjvSn∏ns‚ apJm¥cambn kwkmcn°p∂p ˛ Dev]. 1:3,6,9,11,14,20,24,26

199

2. GsZ\n¬ \S°p∂p (AXm. \S°p∂ H®) ˛ Dev]. 3:8; 18:33; l_. 3:15

3. t\mlbpsS s]´IØns‚ hmXn¬ AsS®p ˛ Dev]. 7:16

4. bmKw aW°p∂p ˛ Dev]. 8:21; tehy. 26:31; Btam. 5:21

5. Cdßn hcp∂p ˛ Dev]. 11:5; 18:21; ]pd. 3:8; 19:11,18,20

6. tamsisb AS°p∂p ˛ Bh. 34:6

C. am\pjnI hnImcßƒ (Nne DZmlcWßƒ)

1. A\pXm]w/ZpxJw ˛ Dev]. 6:6,7; ]pd. 32:14; \ymbm. 2:18; 1 iaq. 15:29,35; Btam. 7:3,6

2. tIm]w ˛ ]pd. 4:14; 15:7; kwJy. 11:10; 12:9; 22:22; 25:3,4; 32:10,13,14; Bh. 6:5; 7:4; 29:20

3. Xo£vWX ˛ ]pd. 20:5; 34:14; Bh. 4:24; 5:9; 6:15; 32:16,21; tbmip. 24:19

4. Ad∏v/shdp∏v ˛ tehy. 20:23; 26:30; Bh. 32:19

D. IpSpw_ ]Zßƒ (Nne DZmlcWßƒ)

1. ]nXmhv

a. bn{kmtbens‚ ˛ ]pd. 4:22; Bh. 14:1; 39:5

b. cmPmhns‚ -˛ 2 iaq. 7:11˛16; k¶o. 2:7

c. ]nXmhns‚ {]hrØnIfpsS kmZriyßƒ ˛ Bh. 1:31; 8:5; 32:1; k¶o. 27:10; kZr. 3:12;

bnsc. 3:4,22; 31:20; tlmti. 11:1˛4; aem. 3:17

2. ]nXmhv/ amXmhv ˛ tlmti. 11:1˛4

3. amXmhv ˛ k¶o. 27:10 (apesImSp°p∂ amXmhns‚ kmZriyw); sbi. 49:15; 66:9˛13

4. hnizkvX buh\ Im¥≥ ˛ tlmtib 1˛3

II. CØcw `mjm {]tbmKØns‚ ImcWßƒ

A. ssZhØn\v Xs∂Øs∂ a\pjy¿°p shfns∏SpØm≥ Bhiyambn h∂p. ssZhsØ ]pcpj

\mbn Nn{XoIcn°p∂Xv tIhew a\pjycq]mtcm]Ww am{XamWv; ImcWw ssZhw Bflmhm

Ip∂p.

B. ssZhw a\pjyPohnXØnse G‰hpw A¿∞hØmb hkvXpXIƒ am{XsaSpØv, hoWpt]mb

a\pjyh¿§Øn\v Xs∂Øs∂ shfns∏SpØp∂Xn\mbn Ahsb D]tbmKn®p (]nXmhv, amXmhv,

c£I¿Ømhv, Im¥≥).

C. Bhiyambncps∂¶nepw ssZhw Xs∂Øs∂ GsX¶nepw `uXnI cq]Øn¬ ]cnanXs∏Sp

Øm\m{Kln®n√ (H. t\m. ]pd. 20; Bh. 5).

D. BXy¥nI a\pjycq]mtcm]Ww tbiphns‚ PU[mcWamWv! ssZhw imcocnIhpw, kv]¿in

°mhp∂Xpamb cq]saSpØp (H. t\m. 1 tbml. 1:1˛3). ssZhØns‚ ktμiw ssZhØns‚

hN\w Bbn amdn (H. t\m. tbml. 1:1-˛18).

tdma¿ 9:14-˛1814BIbm¬ \mw F¥p ]dtb≠p? ssZhØns‚ ]°¬ A\oXn Dt≠m? Hcp\mfpw C√.

15""F\n°p IcpW tXmt∂Ww F∂p≈ht\mSp IcpW tXm∂pIbpw F\n°p I\nhp tXmt∂Ww

F∂p≈ht\mSp I\nhp tXm∂pIbpw sNøpw'' F∂p Ah≥ tamsitbmSp Acpfns®øp∂p. 16AXp-

sIm≠p C—n°p∂h\mepa√, HmSp∂h\mepa√, IcpW tXm∂p∂ ssZhØmet{X kIehpw

km[n°p∂Xp. 17""CXn∂mbn´p Xt∂ Rm≥ \ns∂ \n¿Ønbncn°p∂Xp; \n∂n¬ Fs‚ i‡n

ImWnt°≠Xn∂pw Fs‚ \maw k¿Δ`qanbnepw {]kvXmhn°s∏tS≠Xn∂pw Xt∂'' F∂p Xncp-

sh-gpØn¬ ^dthmt\mSp Acpfns®øp∂p. 18Aßs\ X\n°p a\ p≈ht\mSp Ah∂p IcpW

tXm∂p∂p; X\n°p a\ p≈hs\ Ah¿ ITn\\m°p∂p.

9:14 ""BIbm¬ \mw F¥p ]dtb≠p'' ]usemkv IqsS-°qsS Cu Ubm-ss{S_v cq]w D]-tbm-Kn-°p-

∂p≠v (H.-t\m. 3:5; 4:1; 6:1; 7:7; 8:31; 9:14,19,30).

""ssZhØns‚ ]°¬ A\oXn Dt≠m?'' hymI-c-W-cq]w ""C√'' F∂ DØcw {]Xo-£n-°p-∂p. ssZ-h-

Øns‚ ]c-am-[n-Im-c-amWv Xocp-am-\-ßƒ FSp-°p-∂-sX-¶n¬ ssZh-Øn-s\-ßs\ a\p-jys\ D®-c-hm-Zn-bm-

°m≥ km[n°pw? (H.-t\m. hm. 19). CXmWv Xnc-s™-Sp-∏ns‚ a¿Ωw. Cu kμ¿`-Ønse apJy Du∂¬ a\p-

jy-t\mSv (a-’-cn-I-fmb a\p-jy-tcm-Sv) X\n°njvS-ap≈ hn[-Øn¬ CS-s]-Sp-hm≥ ssZh-Øn\p kzmX-{¥y-

ap≠v F∂p-≈-XmWv; F∂n-cp-∂mepw ssZhØns‚ ]c-am-[n-Imcw shfn-s∏-Sp-∂Xv i‡n-bp-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-

Xn-√, adn®v IcpW {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-emWv (hm. 15 s‚ Ipdn∏v ImWp-I).

ssZh-Øns‚ ]c-am-[n-Imc Xnc-s™-Sp-∏p-Iƒ a\p-jys‚ `mhn {]hr-Øn-I-fp-sSbpw Xnc-s™-Sp-∏p-I-fp-

sSbpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-e√ F∂ Imcyhpw Hm¿Ωn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. AX-ß-s\-bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ ssZhnI Xnc-

200

s™-Sp-∏ns‚ ASn-ÿm-\w a\p-jys‚ Xnc-s™-Sp-∏p-Ifpw {]hr-Øn-Ifpw \∑-Ifpw BIp-am-bn-cp∂p (H.-

t\m. hm. 16; 1 ]s{Xm. 1:2). CXn\p ]n∂n¬ \oXn-ams‚ A`n-hr≤n F∂ sblqZ ho£Ww ImWp-hm≥

Ignbpw (H.-t\m. Bh¿Ø\w 27-˛28; Ctøm_v; k¶o¿Ø\w 73). F∂m¬ ssZhw A¿l-X-bn-√m-Ø-hsc

hnizmkw aqew A\p-{K-ln-°p-I-bmWp sNøp-∂Xv ({]hrØn-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-e-√, H.-t\m. 5:8). ssZhw

F√mw Adn-bp-∂p-sh-¶nepw Ah≥ Xs‚ Xnc-s™-Sp-∏p-Isf (1) Icp-Wbn-epw, (2) hmKvZ-Ø-Ønepw ]cn-an-

X-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-∂p. a\p-jys‚ {]Xn-I-cWw Bh-iy-am-Wv, F¶nepw AXv ssZh-Øns‚

PohnX cq]m-¥-cn-bmb sXc-s™-Sp-∏n-s\-Øp-S¿∂v hcn-Ibpw AXns\ BXy-¥n-I-ambn ÿnco-I-cn-°p-Ibpw

thWw.

""Hcp\mfpw C√'' Xs‚ Ubm-ss{S-_nse FXn-cm-fn-bpsS tNmZy-ßsf \ntj-[n-°p-∂-Xn\v ]usemkv

IqsS-°qsS D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂Xpw A]q¿Δ-hp-amb A\p-hm-ZI {Inbm-cq-]-am-WnXv (H.-t\m. 3:4,6,31; 6:2,15; 7:7,13;

11:1,11 IqSmsX 1 sImcn. 6:15; Kem. 2:17; 3:21; 6:14). CsXmcp F{_mb ssien-bm-Wv.

9:15 ]pd. 33:19 ¬ \n∂p≈ D≤-c-Wn-bm-Wn-Xv. Xs‚ hos≠-Sp-∏n≥ ]≤-Xn-°-\p-k-c-W-ambn {]h¿Øn-°m≥

ssZh-Øn\p kzmX-{¥y-ap≠v. tamsi t]mepw ssZh-Øns‚ A\p-{K-l-ßƒ°v A¿-l-\-√m-bn-cp∂p (]p-d.

33:20). Ah≥ sIme-]m-X-In-bm-bn-cp∂p (H.t\m. ]pd. 2:11-˛15). Ahs‚ Xnc-s™-Sp-∏p-Iƒ Icp-a-bn-emWv

F∂-XmWv Xmt°m¬ (H.-t\m. hm. 16,18-˛23; 11:30,31,32).

9:15-˛16 ""IcpW'' {Ko°p-]Zw (eleojeleojeleojeleojeleoj, H.-t\m. hm. 15,16,18,23; 11-:30,31.32) sk]v‰z-Pn‚n¬ tlskZv F∂ F{_m-

b-]-ZsØ Xc¿÷a sNøm-\mWv D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv (Hm¿°p-I, ]pXnb \nb-a-Øns‚ Fgp-Øp-Im¿

\mS≥ {Ko°p-`m-j-bn¬ Fgp-Xnb F{_mb Nn¥I-cm-bn-cp-∂p). tlskZv F∂ ]Z-Øn-\¿∞w ""am‰w-h-

cmØ, DS-ºSn kvt\lw'' F∂m-Wv. ssZh-Øns‚ Icp-Wbpw Xnc-s™-Sp∏pw _lp-h-N-\hpw kaq-l-]-

chpw (sb-lq-Z-∑m¿ [bnkvlm°v], Ad-_n-Iƒ [bnivamtb¬] A√; bn{kmtb¬ [bmt°m_v], FtZmw

[Gimhv] A√; hniz-kn-°p∂ sblq-Z-∑mcpw hniz-kn-°p∂ PmXn-I-fpw, H.-t\m. hm. 24), H∏w hy‡n-]-c-hp-

am-Wv. Cu kXyw ap≥\n-b-a-\w (km¿Δ-eu-InI hos≠-Sp-∏v) F∂ a¿ΩØns‚ Npcp-f-gn-°p∂ Xmt°m-ep-

I-fn¬ H∂m-Wv. as‰ Xmt°m¬ A[ym-b-ßƒ 9˛11 s‚ ]›m-Ø-e-amb ssZh-Øns‚ am‰-an-√mØ kz`m-h-

amWv ˛ IcpW (H.-t\m. 9:15,16,18,23; 11:30,31,32) a\p-jys‚ {]hr-Øn-I-f-√. Xnc-s™-Sp-∏n-eq-sS-bp≈ IcpW

{InkvXp-hn¬ hniz-kn-°p∂ F√m-h-cnepw FØp-∂p. AXv hnizm-k-Øns‚ hmXn-ep-Iƒ F√m-h¿°pw-th≠n

Xpd-°p-∂p. (H.-t\m. 5:18-˛19).

{]tXyI ]T\-hn-jbw: B¿{Zkvt\lw (tlskZv)Cu ]Z-Øn\v hnim-e-amb A¿∞ aWvUew D≠v. _n.-Un._n CXns\ C{]-Imcw hniZo-Icn°p∂p

(338 ˛339)

A. a\p-jy-tcmSp≈ _‘-Øn¬

1. kl-a-\p-jytcm-Sp-ff Zb (DZm. 1 iaq. 20:14; 2 Zn\. 24:22)

2. Zcn-{Z-tcmSpw AK-Xn-I-tfmSpap≈ Zb (D-Zm. aoJm 6:8)

3. hm’eyw (H. t\m. bnsc. 2:2; tlmti. 6:4)

4. `mh-{]-I-S\w (H. t\m. sbi. 40:6)

B. ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬

1. DS-º-Sn- Iqdpw kvt\lhpw

a. ""i{Xp-°-fn¬ \n∂pw {]iv\-ß-fn¬ \n∂p-ap≈ tamN-\-Øn¬'' (DZm. bnsc. 31:3; F{km

27:28; 9:9)

b. ""ac-W-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ Pohs‚ kwc-£-W-Øn¬'' (D-Zm. Ctøm. 10:12; k¶o. 86:13)

c. ""Bflob Poh≥ Pzen-∏n-°p-∂Xn¬'' (D-Zm. k¶o. 119:41,76,88,124,149,150)

d. ""]m]-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ hos≠-Sp∏n¬'' (H. t\m. k¶o. 25:7; 51:3)

e. ""DS-º-Sn-Iƒ ]men-°p-∂-Xn¬'' (DZm. 2 Zn\. 6:14; s\sl. 1:5; 9:32)

2. Hcp ssZhnI KpW-hn-ti-jsØ hnh-cn-°p∂p (D-Zm. ]pd. 34:6; aoJm 7:20)

3. ssZh-Øns‚ Zb

a. ""kar≤n'' (D-Zm. s\l. 9:17; k¶o 103:8)

b. ""hnim-e-amb hym]vXn-'' (D-Zm. ]pd 20:6, Bh. 5:10; 7:9)

c. ""\nXy-ambXv'' (DZm. 1 Zn\:16:34,41; 2 Zn\. 5:13; 7:3,6; 20:21; F{km 3:11)

4. Zbm-{]-hr¿Øn-Iƒ (D-Zm. 2 Zn\. 6:42; k¶o. 89:2; k¶o. 89:2; sbi. 55:3; 63:7; hnem. 3:22)

9:17-˛18 hm. 17, ]pd. 9:16 ¬ \n∂p≈ AXn-i-‡-amb Hcp km¿Δ-eu-InI D≤-c-Wn-bm-Wv; hm. 18 B D≤-c-Wn-

201

bn¬ \n∂pw FØp∂ \nK-a-\-am-Wv. ^d-thm≥ Xs‚ lrZ-bsØ ITn-\-am°n F∂v ]pd. 8:15,19,32; 9:34 ¬

ImWp-∂p. btlmh Ahs‚ lrZ-bsØ ITn-\-am°n F∂v ]pd. 4:21; 7:3; 9:12; 10:20,27; 11:10 epw ImWmw.

Cu DZm-l-cWw ssZh-Øns‚ ]c-am-[n-Im-csØ ImWn-°p-hm≥ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂p (H.-t\m. hm. 18). ^d-

thm≥ Xs‚ Xnc-s™-Sp-∏p-Iƒ°v DØ-c-hm-Zn-bm-Wv. ssZhw bn{km-tb-en-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ Xs‚ ]≤-Xn-bpsS

]q¿Øo-I-cW-Øn-\mbn ^d-thms‚ Im¿°-iyhpw imTyhpw D≈ hy‡n-XzsØ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p (H.-t\m.

hm. 18).

^d-thm-t\m-Sp≈ ssZhØns‚ {]hr-Øn-I-fpsS Dt±iyw hos≠-Sp-∏n≥ e£y-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bp-≈-XmWv;

Ah-bpsS Dt±iyw:

1. ssZhØns‚ i‡n shfn-s∏-Sp-ØpI (D-ev]Øn 1 _m_n-tem\y tZh-∑m¿s°-Xn-sc-bp≈Xmbn-cn-°p-

∂-Xp-t]mse, CXv an{k-boay {]Ir-Xn, arK tZh-∑m¿s°-Xn-cm-bn-´p-≈-Xm-Wv)

2. ssZhsØ an{k-bo-an\pw XZzmcm kIe temI-Øn\pw shfn-s∏-Sp-ØpI (H.-t\m. hm. 17).

]m›mXy Nn¥-Iƒ (A-ta-cn-°≥) hy‡nsb Db¿Øn-°m-´p-tºmƒ ]uckvXy Nn¥ kaq-l-Øns‚ Bh-

iy-ßƒ°p ap≥K-W\ \evIp∂p. Bh-iy-Øn-en-cn-°p∂ temI-Øn\p Xs∂-Øs∂ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-

\mbn ssZhw d-thms\ D]-tbm-Kn-®p. Ahn-izm-kn-I-fmbn bn{km-tb-en-t\m-Sp≈ _‘-Ønepw AtX-Imcyw

ssZhw sNøp∂p (H.-t\m. A. 11). Cu kμ¿`-Øn¬ apgp-a-\p-jy-cp-sSbpw Bh-iy-Øns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬ Hcp-

hs‚ Bhiyw aßn-t∏m-Ip-∂p. ]gb \nb-a-Ønse kaq-l-]-c-amb DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ ImWp-I.

1. kmØm-\p-am-bp≈ ssZh-Øns‚ N¿®-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Ctøm-_ns‚ BZy-a-°ƒ acn-°p∂p

(H.-t\m. Ctøm. 1˛2)

2. BJms‚ ]m]w aqew bn{km-tb¬ ]S-bm-fn-Iƒ acn-°p∂p (H.-t\m. tbmiph 7)

3. Zmho-Zns‚ ]m]w aqew Ah\v _Øv-ti-_-bn¬ P\n® Ip™p acn-°p∂p (H.-t\m. 2 iaq. 12:15)

\msa√mw a‰p-≈-h-cpsS Xnc-s™-Sp-∏p-I-fm¬ kzm[o-\n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. Cu kaq-l-]-c-amb Ahÿ ]pXnb

\nb-a-Øn¬ tdma¿ 5:12-˛21 ¬ ImWmw.

""XncpshgpØn¬ .... Acpfns®øp∂p'' Xncp-sh-gp-Øn\v BfXzw Iev]n-°p-∂Xv AXv Poh-\p-≈Xpw

kwK-X-hp-am-sW∂v ImWn-°p-∂-Xn-\mWv (H.-t\m. 10:6˛8). tdma¿ 6˛7 ¬ ]usemkv ""]m]w,'' ""acWw'' F∂n-

hbv°pw BfXzw Iev]n-°p-∂p≠v!

tdma¿ 9:19- 2619BIbm¬ Ah≥ ]ns∂ Ip‰w ]dbp∂Xp F¥p? B¿ Ahs‚ C„tØmSp FXn¿Øp-

\nev°p∂p F∂p \o Ft∂mSp tNmZn°pw. 20Atøm, a\pjym, ssZhtØmSp {]XypØcw ]dbp∂

\o B¿? a\™ncn°p∂Xp a\™ht\mSp: \o Fs∂ Cßs\ Nsa®Xp F¥p F∂p tNmZn°ptam?21A√, Ipih∂p AtX ]nfiØn¬ \n∂p Hcp ]m{Xw am\Øn∂pw as‰mcp ]m{Xw A]am\Øn∂pw

D≠m°phm≥ aÆnt∑¬ A[nImcw C√tbm? 22F∂m¬ ssZhw Xs‚ tIm]w ImWn∏m\pw i‡n

shfns∏SpØphm\pw 23sblqZ∑mcn¬ \n∂p am{Xa√, PmXnIfn¬\n∂pw hnfn®p tXP n∂mbn

aps∂mcp°nb IcpWm]m{Xßfmb \Ωn¬ 24Xs‚ tXP ns‚ [\w shfns∏SpØphm\pw C—n®n´p

\mitbmKyamb tIm]]m{Xßsf hfsc Zo¿L£atbmsS kln®p F¶n¬ F¥p? 25""Fs‚

P\-a√mØhsc Fs‚ P\w F∂pw {]nbb√mØhsf {]nb F∂pw Rm≥ hnfn°pw. 26\nßƒ

Fs‚ P\a√ F∂p AhtcmSp ]d™ CSØn¬ Ah¿ Poh\p≈ ssZhØns‚ a°ƒ F∂p

hnfn°s∏Spw'' F∂p tlmtibm]pkvXIØnepw Acpfns®øp∂pht√m.

9:19 ""B¿ Ahs‚ C„tØmSp FXn¿Øp-\nev°p∂p'' XpS-cp∂ ^e-tØm-Sp-Iq-Snb ]q¿Øn-bmb hkvXp-

Xsb kqNn-∏n-°p∂ ]q¿Æ I¿Øcn kqNIamWnXv (H.-t\m. 2 Zn\. 20:6; Ctøm. 9:12; k¶o. 135:6; Zm\o.

4:35). Ubm-ss{S_v XpS-cp-∂p. bp‡n-]-c-am-bn, ]usem-kns‚ Ubm-ss{S_ns\ ]n¥pS-cp-∂Xv Ahs‚ Nn¥-

Isf a\- n-em-°m-\p≈ \√ am¿§-am-Wv. A[ym-b-Øns‚ apJ-hpc B, 1 ImWp-I. ssZh-Øns‚ lnXsØ

c≠v ]Sn-I-fn-em-bn- mWv ImWp∂Xv. H∂m-a-tØXv hoWp-t]mb apgp a\p-jy-h¿§-Øn-\pw-th-≠n-bp≈ Ahs‚

hos≠-Sp-∏n≥ ]≤Xn (H.-t\m. Dev]. 3:15). Cu ]≤-Xn-Iƒ a\p-jys‚ hy‡n-]-c-amb Xnc-s™-Sp-∏p-I-fm¬

_m[n-°-s∏-Sp-∂n√. F∂m¬ c≠masØ ]Sn, ssZhw a\p-jys\ D]-I-c-Wambn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p (H.-t\m.

]pd. 3:7˛9 & 10). Xs‚ ]≤Xn \S-∏m-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn a\p-jysc Xnc-s™-Sp-°p∂p (km-[-Im-fl-I-am-bn, tamsi,

\ntj-[m-fl-I-ambn ^d-thm≥).

9:20-˛21 Cu kmZriyw sbi. 29:16; 49:9˛13; 64:8; bnsc. 18:1˛2 ¬ \n∂pw FSp-Ø-Xm-Wv. btlm-hsb Ipi-h-

\mbn Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂XneqsS ssZh-sØ -{k-jvSm-hmbn Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-I-bmWv, ImcWw a\p-jys\ aÆp-

sIm-≠mWv a\-™n-cn-°p-∂Xv (H.-t\m. Dev]. 2:7). aq∂p {][m\ tNmZy-ß-fn-eqsS {kjvSm-hns‚ ]c-am-[n-Im-

csØ hmb-\-°m-cn-te°v ]usemkv Bg-Øn¬ ]I-cp∂p ˛ BZysØ cs≠Æw hm. 20 epw aq∂m-a-tØXv

hm. 21 epw. Ah-km-\sØ tNmZyw ssZhw tamsisb km[-Im-fl-I-ambpw ^d-thms\ \ntj-[m-fl-I-ambpw

202

Xnc-s™-Sp-°p∂ kmZr-iy-Øn-te°v aS-ßn-t∏m-Ip∂p. CtX sshcp≤yw Cu `mK-ß-fnepw ImWmw:

1. bnkvlm°v ˛ bnivam-tb¬, hm. 8˛9

2. bmt°m_v ˛ Gim-hv, hm. 10-˛12

3. bn{km-tb¬ cmPyhpw GtZmw cmPy-hpw, hm. 13

hniz-kn-°p-∂-hcpw Ahn-iz-kn-°p-∂-h-cp-amb sblq-Z-∑m-cpƒs∏´ ]usem-kns‚ ka-Im-enI kml-N-cysØ

{]Xn-^-en-∏n-°m≥ CtX kmZriyw Xs∂ hnI-kn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ km[-Im-flI Xnc-s™-Sp-∏v,

hniz-kn-°p∂ PmXn-Isf Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xn-eqsS BXy-¥n-I-ambn shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂p (hm. 24-˛29, 30-

˛33)!

9:22 ""F¶n¬'' CXv Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚ ho£-W-Øn¬ kXy-am-b H∂mwXcw tkm]m-[nI hmN-I-am-Wv,

F¶nepw AXv hymI-c-W-]-c-amb \nK-a-\-Øn-se-Øp-∂n-√. hm. 22-˛24, {Ko°n¬ H‰ hmN-I-am-Wv. hm. 22

ssZh-Øns‚ hos≠-Sp-∏n≥ kz`m-hsØ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. ssZhw \oXn-am-\mb ssZh-am-Wv. Ah≥ a\p-

jysc Ah-cpsS {]hr-Øn-Iƒ°v DØ-c-hm-Zn-I-fm-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. AtX-k-abw Ah≥ Icp-W-bp≈ ssZh-

hp-am-Wv. kIe a\p-jycpw acW-Øn\p hn[n-°-s∏-´-h-cm-Wv. (H.-t\m. 1:18-˛3:21). \oXn F∂Xv kphm¿Ø-

b√! ssZh-Øns‚ kzm`mhw {]mY-an-I-ambn t{Im[-a-√, Icp-W-bm-Wv (H.-t\m. Bh. 5:9˛10; 7:9; tlmti.

11:8˛9). Ahs‚ Xnc-s™-Sp-∏p-Iƒ hos≠-Sp-∏p-]-c-am-b-XmWv (H.-t\m. sbsl. 36:22-˛33). Ah≥ ]m]n-bmb

a\p-jy-h¿§-tØmSv £a-bp-≈-h-\mWv (H.-t\m. sbsl. 18). Xs‚ ho≠p-∏n≥ Dt±-iy-Øn-\mbn Ah≥ ZpjvSX-

sbbpw D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p (D-Zm. kmØm≥, ^d-thm≥, F≥tZm-cnse shfn-®-∏m-S-Øn, A»q¿, s\_q-J-Zvt\-

¿, tImsc-iv, A[ymbw 11 ¬ Ahn-izm-kn-bmb bn{km-tb¬).

NASB ""Xs‚ tIm]w {]Z¿in-∏n-°m≥ a\- mbn''

NKJV ""Xs‚ tIm]w shfn-s∏-Sp-Øm≥''

NRSV ""Xs‚ tIm]w shfn-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ B{K-ln-®p-sIm≠v''

TEV ""Xs‚ tIm]w ImWn∏m≥ B{K-ln®p''

NJB ""Xs‚ tIm]w shfn-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Xøm-dmbn''

ssZhw Xs‚ i‡nbpw (H.-t\m. hm. 22) Xs‚ al-Xz-Øns‚ [\hpw (H.-t\m. hm. 23) {]Z¿in-∏n°p-∂-

Xn-\mWv Xs‚ tIm]w shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂-Xv. ssZh-Øns‚ {]hr-Øn-Iƒ°v F√m-bvt]mgpw hos≠-Sp-∏n≥

Dt±-iy-ap≠v (sK-sl∂ Hgn-®v, AXv ]cn-lm-c-an-√mø Ahn-izm-k-Øn-s‚bpw ]m]-Øn-s‚bpw A¥na H‰-s∏-

Sp-Ø-em-Wv).

9:23

NASB, NKJV ""aps∂m-cp-°nb''

NRSV ""\n¿Ωn®''

TEV ""\mi-tbm-Ky-amb''

NJB ""cq]-s∏-Sp-Ønb''

CsXmcp ]q¿Æ I¿ΩnWn A]q¿Æ-{In-b-bm-Wv. AXns‚ ]q¿Æ hn[n-°p-th≠n Hcp-°-s∏´ H∂ns\

kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n ]m∏n-d-kn¬ Cu ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. a’c Ahn-izm-k-Øn\v AXns‚

\ymb-hn-[n-bp-sSbpw in£bpsSbpw -Im-eap≠v. F¶nepw ssZhw Xs‚ hnim-ehpw kI-ehpw Dƒs∏-´-Xp-

amb hos≠-Sp-∏n≥ Dt±-iy-\n-hr-Øn-°mbn Ahn-izm-kn-I-sfbpw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

thUv ÃUokv, hmeyw 2 ¬ Fw. B¿. hn≥sk‚ v ]d-bp-∂p, ""\mi-Øn-\p-th≠n ssZh-Øm¬ Hcp-°-

s∏-´-X-s√-¶nepw \ma-hn-ti-jW A¿∞-Øn¬ \mi-Øn\v Hcp-ßn-bXpw ]mI-am-b-Xp-am-Wv. A]q¿Æ-{Inb

kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv apºv Xøm-dm-°nb h¿Ø-am-\-Ime Ah-ÿ-sb-bmWv F¶nepw Fß-s\-bm-WXp cq]-s∏-

Sp-Øn-b-sX∂p ]d-bp-∂p-an√'' (t]Pv 716).

9:23 ""tXP- n-\mbn aps∂m-cp-°nb'' CtX kXyw tdma¿ 8:29-˛30 epw Fs^-ky¿ 1:4.11 epw ]d-™n-cn-°p-

∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ ]c-am-[n-Im-c-sØ-∏-‰n-bp≈ ]pXnb \nb-a-Ønse i‡-amb shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-emWv Cu

A[ym-bw. krjvSn-∏ns‚bpw hos≠-Sp-∏ns‚bpw kºq¿Æ \nb-{¥Ww ssZh-Øn-\m-sW-∂Xv X¿°-a‰ kwK-

Xn-bm-Wv! Cu alm-k-XysØ Hcn-°epw eLq-I-cn-°mt\m am‰mt\m Ign-I-bn-√. F∂n-cp-∂mepw Xs‚ kzcq-

]-Øn¬ krjvSn-°-s∏´ a\p-jytcmSp _‘-s∏-Sm-\p≈ am¿§-sa∂ \ne-bn-ep≈ ssZhnI DS-º-Sn-I-fp-ambn

AXns\ k¥p-e-\-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv. Dev]. 9:8˛17; 15:12-˛21 t]mse-bp≈ Nne DS-º-Sn-Iƒ \ncp-]m-[n-Ihpw

am\p-jnI {]Xn-I-c-W-hp-ambn _‘-an√m-ØXpw BsW-¶nepw a‰v DS-º-Sn-Iƒ tkm]m-[n-I-amWv (A-Xm-b-

Xv, GsZ≥, t\ml, tamsi, Zmho-Zv). Xs‚ krjvSn-bpsS hos≠-Sp-∏n-\p-th≠n Hcp ]≤Xn ssZh-Øn-\p-≠v,

Hcp a\p-jy\pw B ]≤-Xnsb XIn-Sw-a-dn-°m≥ Ign-I-bn-√. Xs‚ ]≤-Xn-bn¬ ]¶m-fn-I-fm-Im≥ hy‡n-Isf

A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂Xp ssZhw Xnc-s™-Sp-Øp. ]¶m-fn-Ø-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ Cu Ah-k-cw, ]c-am-[n-Im-c-Øn\pw

(tdm-a¿ 9), am\p-jnI kzX{¥ C—bv°pw (tdm-a¿ 10) CS-bn-ep≈ Hcp ssZh-imkv{X kwL¿j-am-Wv.

Hcp thZ-]p-kvXI Du∂-ens\ kzoI-cn®v as‰m-∂ns\ Ah-K-Wn-°p-∂Xp icn-b-√. D]-tZ-i-ßƒ XΩn¬

203

kwL¿j-ap≠v ImcWw ]uckvXy P\X kXysØ AX-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv Zzμz-ß-fmbn As√-¶n¬ kwL¿j-

`-cnX tPmUn-I-fm-bn-´m-Wv. a‰p D]-tZ-i-ß-tfm-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬ thWw D]-tZ-i-ßsf kzoI-cn-°m≥. kXyw

F∂Xv kXy-ß-fpsS k¶-e-\-am-Wv.

ChnsS Xo¿®-bmbpw a¿Ω-ap-≠v. Ahn-izm-kn-Iƒ tIm]-Øn\v Hcp-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂pw (I‰m-]v‰n-

Uvtkm˛kataptizwkataptizwkataptizwkataptizwkataptizw, hm. 22) hnizm-kn-Iƒ tXP- n-\mbn Hcp-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂pw (t{]mbn-t‰m-

bnamUvtkm˛proetoimazwproetoimazwproetoimazwproetoimazwproetoimazw, hm. 23) F∂ bp‡n-]-c-amb \nK-a-\-Øn¬ ]usemkv FØp-∂n-√. ssZh-

Øns‚ Xnc-s™-Sp-∏v- BtWm GI am\-ZWvUw AtXm ssZhnI Xnc-s™-Sp∏v IcpW-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-

Ønembn´pw Nne¿ AXns\ \nc-kn°p∂XmtWm? a\p-jy-h¿§-Øn\v Xß-fpsS `mhn Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂-Xn¬

Fs¥-¶nepw ]¶pt≠m (H.-t\m. 9:30-˛10:21)? c≠p `mKØpw km[q-I-cn-°p∂ {]kvXm-h-\-I-fp≠v (A-K-Ãn≥

˛ s]te-Pn-b-kv). Fs∂ kw_-‘n®v DS-º-Sn-bpsS Bibw c≠n-s\bpw ssZh-Øn-ep≈ Du∂-en-\m¬ _‘n-

∏n-°p-∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ ap≥I-sø-Sp-°-ep-I-tfmSp {]Xn-I-cn-°m≥ am{Xta a\p-jy\p Ign-I-bp≈p (D-Zm. tbml.

6:44,65). Fs∂ kw‘n®v ssZh-Øns‚ kz`mhw N©e {]Ir-Xn-b√ adn®v Icp-Wm¿{Z-am-Wv. Xs‚ kzcq-]-

Øn¬ krjvSn-°-s∏´ a\p-jys‚ ASp-tØ°v Ah≥ sN√p∂p (H.-t\m. Dev]. 1:26,27). Cu kμ¿`w Fs∂

Ipg-bv°p-∂-Xm-Wv. AXp hfsc i‡-am-Wv, F¶nepw AXv Idp∏pw shfp-∏p-ambn Nn{Xo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

sblq-Zs‚ Ahn-izm-k-amWv AXns‚ {i≤m-tI-{μw, AXm-Is´ PmXn-I-fpsS Dƒs∏-Sp-Ø-en\p Imc-W-

ambn (A-[ymbw 11)! F¶nepw ssZh-Øns‚ kz`m-h-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ thZ-`mKw CXp am{X-a√!

""tXP v'' 3:23 se Ipdn∏v ImWp-I.

9:24 ""Icp-Wm-]m-{X-ß-fmb \Ωn¬ tXP- ns‚ [\w shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm\pw'' ssZhØns‚ \nXy-amb

Dt±-iysØ CXp kqNn-∏n-°p∂p (A-Xm-b-Xv, Icp-W).- {Inbm-cq]w `qX-Ime I¿Øcn A\p-_-‘-am-Wv.

tbip-hns\ Ab-®-Xn-eqsS ssZhw Xs‚ [\w shfn-s∏-SpØn!

]usemkv shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ [\w:

1. Ahs‚ Zb, £a, Zo¿L-£m¥n F∂n-h-bpsS [\w, tdma. 2:4

2. Icp-Wm-]m-{X-ß-fn¬ tXP- ns‚ [\w, tdma. 9:24

3. Ahs‚ Ir]-bpsS [\w, Fs^. 1:7

4. Ahs‚ Ah-Im-i-Øns‚ aln-am-[-\w, Fs^. 1:18

5. {InkvXp-tb-ip-hn¬ \sΩ-°p-dn-®p≈ hm’-ey-Øn¬ Ahs‚ Ir]-bpsS AXy-¥-[-\w, Fs^. 2:6

6. PmXn-I-tfmSv {InkvXp-hns‚ A{]-ta-b-[-\w, Fs^. 3:8

7. Ahs‚ al-Xz-Øns‚ [\w, Fs^. 3:16

8. PmXn-I-fpsS CS-bn¬ {]kw-Kn-°p∂ a¿Ω-Øns‚ aln-am-[-\w-˛-A-Xm-b-Xv, {InkvXp \nß-fn¬ Ccn-°p-

∂p, sImsem. 1:27

""\miw'' 3:3 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWp-I.

""tIm]-]m{Xßƒ'' hm. 20-˛24 se Ifn-a-Æn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ ]usem-kns‚ kmZriyw Cu ]Zw ChnsS

XpS-cp-I-bm-Wv.

9:24 ssZhnI hmKvZ-Øns‚ e£yw PmXob bn{km-tb-en-s\-°mfpw hnim-e-am-sW∂v Cu hmIyw hy‡-am-

°p-∂p. ssZhw Xs‚ Xnc-s™-Sp-∏n-\-\p-k-cn®v a\p-jy-tcmSp Icp-W-Im-Wn-°p-∂p. Dev]. 3:15 se hmKvZØw

kIe a\p-jy-tcmSpw _‘-s∏-´-XmWv (Im-cWw A[ymbw 12 hsc sblq-Z-∑m¿ D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√). A{_m-

lm-ans‚ hnfn kIe a\p-jy-tcmSpw _‘-s∏-´-Xm-Wv, Dev]. 12:3. cmP-Iob ]ptcm-lnX h¿§w F∂ \ne-

bn¬ bn{km-tb-ens‚ hnfn kIe a\p-jy-tcmSpw _‘-s∏-´-Xm-Wv (H.-t\m. ]p-d. 19:5˛6)! CXmWv ad-™n-cp-

∂Xpw Ct∏mƒ shfn-s∏-´p-h-∂-Xp-amb ssZh-Øns‚ a¿Ωw (H.-t\m. Fs^. 2:11˛3:13; Kem. 3:28; sImsem.

3:11).

hm. 24 se ]usem-kns‚ {]kvXm-h\ Hcp Iq´w ]gb \nba D≤-c-Wn-I-fm¬ Nn{Xo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p∂p

(hm. 25-˛29).

1. hm. 25, tlmti. 2:23

2. hm. 26, tlmti. 1:10b3. hm. 27, sbi. 10:22 AYhm tlmti. 1:10a4. hm. 28, sbi. 10:23

5. hm. 29, sbi. 1:9

9:25-˛26 Cu kμ¿`-Øn¬ Cu thZ-`mKw (Nne ]cn-jvI-c-W-ß-tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn) tlmti. 2:23; 1:10 s‚ sk]v‰z-

Pn‚n¬\n-∂p-≈XmWv. Ahn-sS-bXv hSs° ]Øp tKm{X-ß-sf-bmWv ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂-sX-¶nepw ChnsS

]usemkv PmXn-I-sf-bmWp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. CXv ]pXnb \nba Fgp-Øp-Im¿ ]gb \nba `mK-ßƒ D]-

tbm-Kn-°p∂ km[m-cW coXn-bm-Wv. k` bn{km-tb-en-\p≈ hmKvZ-Ø-ß-fpsS \nhr-Øn-bm-bn-´mWv Ah¿

204

k`sb ImWp-∂Xv (H.-t\m. 2 sImcn. 6:16; XosØm. 2:14; 1 ]s{Xm. 2:5˛9). kμ¿`m-\p-k-cWw tlmti-b-

bnse thZ-`mKw Ahn-izkvX bn{km-tb-ens\ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. ssZh-Øn\v hn{K-lm-cm-[n-I-fmb hSs°

]Øp tKm{X-ßsf bYm-ÿm-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ Ign-bp-sa-¶n¬, AXns\ Hcp Znhkw hn{K-lm-cm-[n-I-fmb

PmXn-Isf IqSn Dƒ]-s°m-≈p-hm≥ Ign-bp∂ ssZhnI kvt\l-Øn-s‚bpw £a-bp-sSbpw sXfn-hm-bn-´mWv

]usemkv ImWp-∂-Xv.

tdma¿ 9:27- 2927sbiømthm bn{kmtbens\°pdn®p: ""bn{kmtb¬a°fpsS FÆw ISev°cbnse

aW¬t]mse Bbncp∂mepw tijn∏t{X c£n°s∏Sq; 28I¿Ømhp `qanbn¬ Xs‚ hN\w

\nh¿Øn®p £WØn¬ Xo¿°pw'' F∂p hnfn®p]dbp∂p. 29""ssk\yßfpsS I¿Ømhp \ap°p

k¥Xnsb tijn∏n®ns√¶n¬ \mw skmtZmsat∏mse BIpambncp∂p, sKmtamsd°p kZri-

amIpambncp∂p'' F∂p sbiømhp apºpIqń ]d™ncn°p∂pht√m.

9:27

NASB, NKJVNRSV, NJB ""Bbn-cp-∂mepw''

TEV ""BsW-¶n¬t]mepw''

{Inbm-flI {]hr-Ønsb kqNn-∏n-°p∂ aq∂mw-Xcw tkm]m-[nI hmN-I-am-WnXv (Cbm≥ + A\p-_‘

{Inbm-cq-]w).

9:27-˛28 sbi. 10:22-˛23 s‚ sk]v‰z-Pn‚n¬\n-∂p≈ D≤-c-Wn-bm-Wn-Xv. sSIv‰kv dnk-]v‰kv sbi. 10:23 s‚

sk]v‰z-Pn‚nt\mSv Hcp D]-kw-lmc {]kvXm-h\ Iqńt®¿°p-∂p-≠v. F¶nepw AXv ]pcm-Xe {Ko°p Isø-

gpØp {]Xn-I-fmb P46, a, A, B F∂nhbn¬ ImWp-∂n-√. AXn¬ \n∂pw AXp ]n∂oSv Iqń-t®¿Ø-Xm-

sW∂v A\p-am-\n-°mw. AXns‚ Hgn-hm-°-en\v UBS4 “A”td‰nwKv (Dd-∏p-≈-Xv) \¬Ip-∂p.

9:27 ""ISev°cbnse aW¬t]mse'' ssZhw A{_m-lm-an\p \¬Inb hmKvZ-Ø-Øns‚ kmZr-iy-]-c-amb

`mK-am-WnXv (H.-t\m. Dev]. 15:5; 22:27; 26:4).-

""tijn∏t{X c£n°s∏Sq'' {]hm-k-Øn-te°p sIm≠p-t]m-I-s∏-Sp-Ibpw ]n∂oSv hmKvZ-Ø-\m-ń-te°p

aS-ßn-h-cn-Ibpw sNbvX bn{km-tb-eysc kqNn-∏n-°p-hm≥ ]gb \nba {]hm-N-I-∑m¿ Dt]m-Kn-®n-cp∂ ]Z-

amWv ""tijn-∏v.'' ]usem-kns‚ D]-tbm-K-Øn¬ ssZh-hp-ambn hnizmk _‘w ]pe¿Ønb/kphn-tijw

tI´v {InkvXp-hn-t\mSv hnizmkw aptJ\ {]Xn-I-cn® sblq-Z-s\-bm-WXp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

DS-ºSn bn{km-tb-ens‚ D≈n¬ t]mepw Hcp Bflob th¿]mSv \ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂p, ImcWw Nne¿ am{Xta

ssZh-Øn-\mbn th¿Xn-cn-°-s∏-ń-cp-∂p-≈p. bn{km-tb-ens‚ Xnc-s™-Sp∏v Ahsc hy‡n-]-c-amb hnizmk

{]XnIcW-Øn¬\n∂pw Hgn-hm-°n-bn-cp-∂n√ (H.-t\m. sbi. 1:16-˛20).

{]mY-an-I-ambn sblqZ {]hm-kn-Isf kqNn-∏n-°p∂ ˛- Ah-cn¬ Npcp°w t]¿ am{Xta ]e-kvXo-\n-

te°p aS-ßn-h-∂p≈p ˛ ]gb \nba {]tbmKw ]usemkv ChnsS kphn-tijw tI´-hsc kqNn-∏n-°p-hm≥

D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. F¶nepw Ah-cn¬ hen-sbmcp Iq´w hniz-kn®v tbip-hns\ ssIs°m-≠n-√. H∂mw \q‰m-

≠nse tIgvhn°m-cn¬ (sb-lq-Z-∑mcpw PmXn-I-fpw) Hcp sNdnb iX-am\w am{Xta kphn-tij ktμ-i-

tØmSp {]Xn-I-cn-®p-≈p. Aßs\ sNbvX-hsc ]usemkv tijn∏v F∂p hnfn-°p-∂p.

{]tXyI ]T\hnjbw: tijn-∏v, aq∂v A¿∞-Øn¬""hnizkvX tijn∏v'' F∂ ]gb \nba Bibw {]hm-NI ]pkvX-I-ß-fnse Bh¿Øn-°p∂ Hcp hnj-

b-am-bn-cp∂p (hn-ti-jm¬ F´mw \q‰m-≠nse {]hm-N-I-∑m-cp-sSbpw bnsc-aym-hn-s‚-bpw). aq∂v A¿∞-

Øn¬ AXp-]-tbm-Kn®p:

1. {]hm-ksØ AXn-Po-hn-®-h¿ (D-Zm. sbi. 10:20-˛23; 17:4˛6; 37:31-˛32; bnsc. 42:15,19; 44:12,14,28;

Btam. 1:8)

2. btlm-h-tbmSp hniz-kvXX ]pe¿Øn-b-h¿ (D-Zm. sbi. 4:1˛5; 11:11-˛16; 28:5; tbmth. 2:32; Btam.

5:14-˛15; aoJm 2:12-˛13; 4:6˛7; 5:7˛9; 7:18-˛20)

3. A¥y-Ime ]pXp-°-Ønepw ]p\x-kr-jvSn-bnepw ]¶m-fn-I-fm-b-h¿ (D-Zm. Btam. 9:11-˛15)

Cu kμ¿`-a-\p-k-cn®v ssZhw tijn-∏n¬ ({]-hm-ksØ AXn-Po-hn-®-h-cn¬) Nnesc am{Xta (hn-

izkvX Xo£vWX ]pe¿Øp-∂-h-sc) sblq-Z-bn-te°p aS-ßp-hm≥ Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-∂p≈p. Cu A[ym-

b-Øn¬ apºp \mw I≠-Xp-t]m-se, bn{km-tb-ens‚ ]q¿Δ-Imew Bh¿Øn-°p∂p (hm. 6). ssZhw

Xs‚ i‡nbpw Icp-Xepw kwc-£-Whpw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\mbn FÆw Ipd-bv°p∂p (D-Zm. KnsZ-

tbm≥, \ymbm. 6˛7).

205

9:28

NASB ""]q¿Æ-ambpw thK-Ønepw''

NKJV ""Xo¿°pw ... Npcp-°-am°pw''

NRSV ""£W-Ønepw Xocp-am-\-tØm-sSbpw''

TEV ""thK-Øn¬ Xs‚ IW-°p-Xo¿°pw''

NJB ""aSntbm Xma-ktam C√msX''

REB ""A¥n-ahpw Ah-km-\-hp-ambn''

NIV ""thK-X-tbm-sSbpw A¥n-a-ambpw''

NET ""]q¿Æ-ambpw thK-Ønepw''

c≠p {Ko°p ]Z-ßƒ \m\m¿∞ coXn-bn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂p (kp≥ kwbp‡w ]usem-kns‚

Fgp-Øp-I-fn¬ km[m-c-W-am-Wv)

1. kp≥s‰tem¨ (suntelwnsuntelwnsuntelwnsuntelwnsuntelwn), h¿Øam\Ime I¿Øcn kqNI A]q¿Æ-{Inb

a. kp≥ (sunsunsunsunsun)b. sSsetbm (telewtelewtelewtelewtelew)

ASn-ÿm\ A¿∞w ""]q¿Øo-I-c-W-Øn-se-Øn-°p-I,'' ""]q¿Æmbn \nh¿Øn-°pI'' F∂mWv (C-hnsS

am{Xw ImWp∂ ]Zw, F¶nepw AXns‚ hI-t`Zw {]hr. 24:4 ¬ ImWp-∂p).

CØcw \m\m¿∞ {]tbm-K-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂n-SØv ]Z-Øns‚ A¿∞tam hypXv]-Øntbm A√,

kμ¿`-amWv A¿∞w \n›-bn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu hmIyw hymJym-\n-°m≥ {]bm-k-am-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ ]nev°me

]I¿s∏-gp-Øp-Im-c≥ A¿∞w a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn hm°p-Iƒ Iq´n-t®¿°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. {lkz-amb ]mT-

Øn\v UBS4 “A”td‰nwKv (Dd-∏p-≈-Xv) \¬Ip-∂p.

9:29 sbi. 1:9 s‚ sk]v‰z-Pn‚n¬\n-∂p≈ D≤-c-Wn-bm-Wn-Xv. tZiob bn{km-tb-ens‚ ]m]m-h-ÿsb Ip‰-

s∏-Sp-Øp∂ thZ-`m-K-am-Wn-Xv.

""ssk\y-ß-fpsS I¿Ømhv'' CXv ""ssk\y-ß-fpsS btlmh'' F∂p km[m-c-W-bmbn X¿÷a sNøp∂

btlm-h-bpsS ]gb \nba \ma-amWv (H.-t\m. bmt°m. 5:4). kμ¿`-a-\p-k-cn®v CXv ""kz¿§ob ssk\y-

Øns‚ ssk\ym-[n-]Xn'' F∂ ssk\nI A¿∞-Øntem (H.-t\m. tbmip. 5:13-˛15) As√-¶n¬ ""kz¿§ob

Pohn-I-fpsS I¿Ømhv'' F∂ _m_n-tem-Wn-b≥ hm\-tZ-h-K-W-ß-fpsS ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ `c-W-]-c-amb

A¿∞-Øntem ssZhsØ hnh-£n-®n-cn-°p∂p (H.-t\m. Dev]. 1:16; k¶o. 8:3; 147:4; sbi. 40:26).

{]tXyI ]T\ hnjbw: ssZhnI \ma-ßƒA. G¬ (BDB 42, KB 48)

1. ssZh-Øn-\p-ff s]mXp-hmb ]pcm-X\ \ma-Øns‚ bYm¿∞ A¿∞w \n›-b-an-√, F¶nepw

At\I ]WvUn-X-∑m¿ hniz-kn-°p-∂Xv AXv ""_e-hm-\m-bn-cn-°pI'' AYhm ""i‡-\m-bn-cn-

°pI'' F∂¿∞-ap≈ At°m-Un-b≥ aqe-Øn¬ \n∂pw D≠m-b-Xm-sW-∂mWv (H.-t\m. Dev].

17:1; kwJy 23:19; Bh. 7:21; k¶o. 50:1)

2. I\m\y tZh-K-W-Øn¬ D∂-X-tZ-h≥ G¬ BWv (dmjv i{am ]mT-ßƒ)

3. ss__n-fn¬ G¬ km[m-c-W-bmbn a‰p ]Z-ß-fp-ambn kwtbm-Pn-∏n-®mWv ]d-bm-dp-≈Xv. Cu

kwbp-‡-ßƒ ssZh-Øns‚ kz`m-hsØ hnti-jn-∏n-°p∂ am¿§-ambn amdn.

a. G¬-˛-F-teym≥ (A-Xyp-∂X ssZhw, BDB 42 & 909), Dev]. 14:18-˛22; Bh. 32:8; sbi. 14:14

b. G¬-˛-tcmbn (""ImWp∂ ssZhw,'' AYhm ""kzbw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ ssZhw'' BDB 42 &909), Dev]. 16:13

c. G¬-˛-j±mbn (""k¿Δ-i-‡-\mb ssZhw,'' ""k¿Δm-izm-k-ßfpsSbpw ssZhw'' AYhm ""]¿h-

X-ß-fpsS ssZhw'' BDB 42 & 994), Dev]. 17:1; 35:11; 43:14; 49:25; ]pd. 6:3

d. G¬-˛-Hemw (\nXy-\mb ssZhw, BDB 42 & 761), Dev]. 21:33. Cu \maw Zmho-Zn-t\m-Sp≈

ssZh-Øns‚ hmKvZ-Ø-hp-ambn ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-ambn _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p, 2 i-aq. 7:13,16

e. G¬-˛-s_coØv (""DS-º-Sn-bpsS ssZhw'', BDB 42 & 136), \ymbm. 9:46

4. G¬ s\ Xpey-\mbn Nn{XoI-cn-®n-cn-°p∂p:

a. btlm-h, k¶o. 85:8; sbi. 42:5 ¬

b. Ftem-low, Dev]. 46:3; Ctøm. 5:8 ¬ ""Rm≥ G¬ BIp∂p; \ns‚ ]nXm-hns‚ G¬

Xt∂''

c. j±mbn, Dev]. 49:25 ¬

d. ""Xo£vWX'' ]pd. 34:14; Bh. 4:24; 5:9; 6:15 ¬

e. ""IcpW'' Bh. 4:31; s\sl. 9:31 ¬

206

f. ""hen-b-h\pw `b-¶-c\pw'' Bh. 7:21; 10:17; s\sl. 1:5; 9:32; Zm\o. 9:4 ¬

g. ""⁄m\w'' 1 iaq. 2:3 ¬

h. ""Fs‚ _e-ap≈ kt¶Xw'' 2 iaq. 22:33 ¬

i. ""Fs‚ {]Xn-Im-c-I≥'' 2 iaq. 22:48 ¬

j. ""]cn-ip-≤≥'' sbi. 5:16 ¬

k. ""i‡n'' sbi. 10:21 ¬

l. ""Fs‚ c£'' sbi. 12:2 ¬

m. ""al-Xzhpw h√-`Xzpw'' bnsc. 32:18 ¬

n. ""{]Xn-Im-c-I≥'' bnsc. 51:56 ¬

5. ssZh-Øn\p ]gb \nb-a-Øn¬ ImWp∂ F√m {][m\ t]cp-I-fp-sSbpw kwbp‡w tbmiph

22:22 ImWmw (G¬, Ftem-low, btlm-h, Bh¿Øn-®n-cn-°p-∂p)

B. Fteym≥ (BDB 751, KB 832)1. CXns‚ ASn-ÿm\ A¿∞w ""Db¿∂-Xv,'' ""D∂-X-am-bXv'' AYhm ""Db¿Ø-s∏-´-h≥'' (H.-t\m.

Dev]. 40:17; 1 cmPm. 9:8; 2 cmPm. 18:17; s\sl. 3:25; bnsc. 20:2; 36:10; k¶o. 18:13).

2. CXv ssZh-Øns‚ a‰-t\I \ma-ßƒ°v kam-¥-c-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂p

a. Ftemlow ˛ k¶o. 47:1˛2; 73:11; 107:11

b. btlmh ˛ Dev]. 14:22; 2 iaq. 22:14

c. G¬˛j±mbn ˛ k¶o. 91:1,9

d. G¬ ˛ kwJy. 24:16

e. Gem ˛ Zm\o-tb¬ 2˛6, F{km 4˛7 epw an°-t∏mgpw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p, Zm\o. 3:26; 4:2;

5:18,21 ¬ C√m-bn¿ (""D-∂X ssZhw'' F∂-Xn-\p≈ Acmay ]Zw) F∂-Xn-t\mSp tN¿Øv.

3. bn{km-tb-ey-c-√m-Ø-hcpw Cu ]Zw ]e-t∏mgpw D]-b-Kn-®n-´p-≠v.

a. a¬°o-tk-sZ-°v, Dev]. 14:18˛22



d. PmXn-Iƒ°p-th≠n Fgp-Xnb eqs°m-kns‚ kphn-tijw {Ko°p kam-\-]-Z-amb lp]vkn-

tÃmkv D]tbm-Kn-°p∂p (H.-t\m. 1:32,35,76; 6:35; 8:28; {]hr. 7:48; 16:17)

C. Ftemlow (_-lp-h-N-\w), Ftemlv (G-I-h-N-\w) {][m-\-ambpw Ihn-X-bn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p (BDB43, KB 52)1. ]gb \nb-a-Øn\p shfn-bn¬ Cu ]Zw ImWp-∂n-√.

2. CXv bn{km-tb-ens‚ ssZh-sØtbm PmXn-I-fpsS tZh-∑m-sctbm kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p (H.-t\m. ]pd.

12:12; 20:3). A{_m-lm-ans‚ IpSpw_w _lp-ssZh hnizm-kn-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p (H.-t\m.- tbm-ip. 24:2).

3. CXv bn{km-tbey \ymbm-[n-]-∑msc kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p (H.-t\m. ]pd. 21:6; k¶o. 82:6).

4. Ftemlow F∂ ]Zw CXc Bflob Pohn-Iƒ°pw (Zq-X-∑m¿, ]nim-Np-°ƒ) Bh¿Ø-\-Øn¬

D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p≠v (B-h. 32:8; k¶o. 8:5; Ctøm. 1:6; 38:7).

5. ss__n-fn¬ ssZh-Øn-\p≈ BZy \ma-am-WnXv (H.-t\m. Dev]. 1:1). Dev]. 2:4 ¬ AXv btlm-h-

tbmSp tN¿Øp ]d-bp-∂p. AXv ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-ambn (ssZ-h-im-kv{X-]-c-am-bn) ssZhsØ {kjvSm-

hv, ]cn-]m-e-I≥, Cu {Kl-Ønse apgp-h≥ Poh-s‚bpw ZmXmhv F∂o \ne-bn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-

∂p (Hm.-t\m. k¶o. 104).

G¬ F∂-Xns‚ ]cym-b-am-bn´pw CXp-]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p (H.-t\m. Bh. 32:15-˛19). btlm-hbv°p

kam-¥-c-am-bn´pw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p ˛ k¶o¿Ø\w 14 (F-tem-lnw) k¶o. 53 (b-tlm-h) F∂nh

ssZhnI \ma-ß-fnse hyXymkw HgnsI Hcp-t]m-se-bm-Wv.

6. CXp _lp-h-N-\hpw, CXc tZh-∑m¿°p-th≠n D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂XpamsW¶nepw an°-t∏mgpw

bn{km-tb-ens‚ ssZh-sØ-bmWv Ipdn-°p-∂Xv. CXp _lp-h-N-\-am-sW-¶nepw km[m-c-W-bmbn

GI-ssZh kqN\ \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\mbn CXn-t\m-sSm∏w GI-h-N-\ -{In-b-bmWp]tbm-Kn-°m-dp-≈Xv.

7. bn{km-tb-ey¿ A√m-Ø-hcpw ssZh-Øns‚ t]cmbn Cu ]Zw D≤-cn-®n-´p-≠v.

a. a¬°o-tk-sZ-°v, Dev]. 14:18˛22



8. bn{km-tb-ens‚ GI ssZh-Øns‚ \maw _lp-h-N-\-am-sW∂Xv Akm-[m-c-W-amWv. Dd-∏mb

\nKa-\-Øn-se-Øm-\m-hn-s√-¶nepw AXp kw_-‘n® kn≤m-¥-ßƒ Ch-bm-Wv.

a. F{_mb mj-bn¬ Du∂-en\pth≠n _lp-h-N\w D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xp km[m-c-Wam-Wv. CXn-

207

t\mSv G‰hpw ASpØp \n¬°p-∂Xv F{_m-b-bnse ]n¬°me hymI-cW khn-ti-j-X-

bmb ""Hu∂-Xy-Øns‚ _lp-h-N\w'' BWv. Hcp k¶-ev]sØ Db¿Øn ImWn-°m≥ _lp-

h-N\w D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂ coXn-bm-WnXv.

b. ssZhw kz¿§-Øn¬ Xs‚ B⁄bv°p Iogvs∏-Sp-∂-h-tcm-sSm∏w \S-Øp-∂ ZqX Btem-N\

k`sb BImw CXp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv (Hm. t\m. 1 cmPm. 22:19-˛23; Ctøm. 1:6; k¶o. 82:1;

89:5,7).

c. aq∂p Bf-Xz-ß-fn-ep≈ GI-ssZhw F∂ ]pXnb\nba shfn-∏m-Sn-s\bpw CXp kqNn-∏n°m≥

km[y-X-bp≠v. Dev]. 1:1 ¬ ssZhw krjvSn-°p-∂p; Dev]. 1:2 ¬ Bflmhv ]cn-h¿Øn-°p∂p;

]pXnb \nb-a-Øn¬\n∂pw tbip-hmWv krjvSn-bn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ a[y-h¿Øn (H.-t\m. tbml.

1:3,10; tdma. 11:36; 1 sImcn. 8:6; sImsem. 1:15; F{_m. 1:2; 2:10).

D. btlmh (BDB 217, KB 394)1. ssZhsØ DS-ºSn-˛\n¿Ωm-Xmb ssZhw F∂ \ne-bn¬ ]cm-a¿in-°p∂ \ma-am-Wn-Xv; ssZhw

c£-I\pw hos≠-Sp-∏p-Im-c\pw! a\p-jy≥ DS-ºSn ewLn-°p-∂p, F∂m¬ ssZhw Xs‚ hN\w,

hmKvZ-Øw, DS-ºSn F∂n-h-tbmSp hniz-kvXX ]pe¿Øp∂p (H.-t\m. k¶o. 103).

Cu \maw BZy-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂Xv Dev]. 2:4 ¬ Ftem-loan-t\mSp tN¿Øm-Wv. Dev]Øn

1˛2 ¬ c≠v krjvSn-∏n≥ hnh-c-Wß-fn-√, adn®v c≠v Du∂-ep-I-fm-Wp-≈-Xv: (1) ssZhw {]]©

{kjvSmhv (`u-Xn-Iw) F∂ \ne-bn¬; (2) ssZhw a\p-jys‚ {kjvSmhv F∂ \ne-bn¬. a\p-

jys‚ D∂-X-]-Z-hnbpw Dt±-iyhpw kw_-‘n® {]tXyI shfn-∏mSpw B AXpey ]Z-hn-tbmSp

tN¿∂p h∂ ]m] {]iv\hpw a’-chpw Dev]Øn 2:4˛3:24 ¬ Bcw-`n-°p-∂p.

2. Dev]Øn 4:26 ¬ ""B ImeØv btlm-h-bpsS \ma-Øn-ep≈ Bcm-[\ XpSßn'' F∂p tcJ-s∏-

Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. F¶n-epw, ]pd. 6:3 kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv BZna DS-ºSn P\X (tKm-{X-]n-Xm-°-∑m-

cpw Ah-cpsS IpSpw-_-ß-fpw) ssZhsØ F¬˛j-±mbn F∂p am{Xta Adn-™n-cp-∂p≈p F∂m-

Wv. btlmh F∂ \maw Hcp {]mhiyw am{Xta hni-Zo-I-cn-®n-´p-≈p. AXv ]pd. 3:13-˛16 ¬, {]tXy-

In®v hm. 14 ¬ BWv. F¶nepw tamsi-bpsS Fgp-Øp-Iƒ an°-t∏mgpw hm°p-Isf hymJym-\n-

°p-∂Xv k¿h-km-[m-c-W-amb ]Z-hn-\ym-k-ap-]-tbm-Kn-®mWv A√msX ]Z-hyp-Xv]Øn A\p-k-cn-

®√ (H.-t\m. Dev]. 17:5; 27:36; 29:13-˛35). Cu \ma-Øns‚ A¿∞w kw_-‘n®v [mcmfw kn≤m-¥-

ß-fp≠v (1DB, vol 2, pp. 409 - 11 ¬ \ns∂-Sp-Ø-Xv).

a. ""Bg-amb kvt\lw ImWn-°pI'' F∂¿∞-ap≈ Hcp Ad_n aqe-]-Z-Øn¬ \n∂pw.

b. ""DuXpI'' F∂¿∞-ap≈ Ad_n aqe-]-Z-Øn¬ \n∂pw (b-tlmh sImSp-¶m-‰ns‚ tZh-

\mbn)

c. ""kwkm-cn-°pI'' F∂¿∞-ap≈ DKm-dn‰v (I-\m-\y) aqe-]-Z-Øn¬ \n∂pw

d. ""\ne-\n¿Øp-∂-h≥'' As√-¶n¬ ""ÿm]n-°p-∂-h≥'' F∂¿∞-ap≈ Hcp s^mbv\o-jy≥

{]tbm-K-Øn-¬\n∂pw

e. ""Bbn-cn-°p-∂-h≥,'' As√-¶n¬ ""k∂n-ln-X-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂-h≥'' F∂¿∞-ap≈ F{_mb

Jzm¬ ¬ \n∂pw

f. ""tlXp-hm-bn-cn-°p-∂-h≥'' F∂¿∞-ap≈ F{_mb ln^n¬ ¬\n∂pw

g. ""Pohn-°pI'' F∂¿∞-ap≈ Hcp F{_mb aqe-Øn¬\n∂pw (D-Zm. Dev]. 3:20), A¿∞w

""Ft∂-°pw-˛-Po-hn-°p-∂, Poh-\p-≈-˛-G-I≥''

h. ]pd. 3:13˛16 se kμ¿`-Øn¬ \n∂pw Hcp A]q¿Æ cq]w ]q¿Æ A¿∞-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-

°p-∂-Xv, ""Rm≥ Bbn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse Fs∂t∂°pw Bbn-cn°pw'' As√-¶n¬ ""Rm≥

F°m-ehpw Bbn-cp-∂-Xp-t]mse XpS¿∂pw Bbn-cn°pw'' (cf. J. Wash Watts, A Survey ofSyntax in the Old Testament, p. 67). btlmh F∂ ]q¿Æ-\maw an°-t∏mgpw Npcp-s°-gp-

Øm-bnt´m As√-¶n¬ aqe-cq-]-Øntem D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn°m-\mWp km[y-X.

(1) bmlv (D-Zm. lt√-ep-˛-bm-lv, BDB 219, H.-t\m. ]pd. 15:2; 17:16; k¶o. 89:9; 104:35)

(2) bmlp (t]cns‚ Ah-km\w ""bmhv'', DZm. sbi-øm-hv)

(3) tbm (t]cns‚ Bcw-`-Øn¬ ""tbm'', DZm. tbmip-h, tbmth¬)

3. ]n¬°me sblqZ aX-Øn¬ Cu DS-ºSn \maw AXn]cn-ip-≤-am-bn-Øo¿∂-Xn-\m¬ (\m-e-£c

\maw) \mw ]pd. 20:7; Bh. 5:11; 6:13 se Iev]\ ewLn-°-s∏-´mtem F∂p `b∂v bn{km-tb-ey¿

CXv D—-cn-°p-hm≥ aSn-®p. AXp-sIm≠v AXn\p ]I-c-ambn ""DS-a-ÿ≥'', ""bP-am-\≥,'' ""`¿Ømhv-

hv,'' ""I¿Ømhv'' F∂o A¿∞-ß-fp≈ AtUm¨, AYhm AtUm-Wmbn (Fs‚ I¿Øm-hv)

F∂ ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-®p. ]gb \nbaw hmbn®phcp-tºmƒ btlmh F∂ \maw hcp∂nSØv

Ah¿ ""I¿Ømhv'' F∂p hmbn-®p. C°m-c-W-Øm-emWv Cw•ojv ]cn-`m-j-I-fn¬ btlmh F∂-

Xn\p ]Icw LORD F∂p]tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

208

4. G¬ F∂ \ma-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn-se-∂-t]m-se, btlmh F∂ \ma-Øn\pw bn{km-tb-ens‚ DS-

ºSn ssZh-Øns‚ Nne kz`mhkhn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Db¿Øn-°m-Wn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn a‰p ]Z-ßƒ

tN¿Øv kwbp‡ \ma-ßƒ D≠m-°n-bn-´p-≠v. At\I kwbp-‡-\m-a-ßƒ ]d-bm-hp-∂-Xm-sW-

¶n-epw, NneXv ChnsS tN¿°p-∂p.

a. btlm-h˛bntc (b-tlmh Icp-Xn-s°m-≈pw, BDB 217 & 906), Dev]. 22:14

b. btlm-h˛tdmt^°m (b-tlmh \ns‚ kuJy-Zm-b-I≥, BDB 217 & 950, Jzm¬ LSIw),]pd. 15:26

c. btlm-h˛\n n (b-tlmh Fs‚ sImSn, BDB 217 & 651), ]pd. 17:15

d. btlm-h˛sa°m-Znjvt°w (b-tlmh \ns∂ hnip-≤o-I-cn-°p-∂-h≥, BDB 217 & 872, ]ntb¬

LSIw), ]pd. 31:13

e. btlm-h˛imtemw (b-tlmh kam-[m\w, BDB 217 & 1022), \ymbm. 6:24

f. btlm-h˛k_m-thmØv (ssk\y-ß-fpsS b-tlmh, BDB 217 & 878), 1 iaq. 1:3,11; 4:4; 15:2;

an°-t∏mgpw {]hm-NI ]pkvX-I-ß-fn¬

g. btlm-h˛tcm'bn (b-tlmh Fs‚ CS-b≥, BDB 217 & 944, Jzm¬ LSIw), k¶o. 23:1

h. btlm-h˛knZv-s°\p (b-tlmh \ΩpsS \oXn, BDB 217 & 841), bnsc. 23:6

i. btlm-h˛iΩm (b-tlmh AhnsS, BDB 217 & 1027), sbsl. 48:35

NASB ""\ap°p Xe-ap-dsb tijn-∏n-®n-s√-¶n¬''

NKJV ""\ap°p k¥-Xnsb tijn-∏n-®n-s√-¶n¬''

NRSV ""\ap°p AXnPo-hn-®-hsc tijn-∏n-®n-s√-¶n¬''

TEV ""\ap°p Nne A\-¥-cm-h-Im-in-Isf tijn-∏n-®n-cp∂ns√-¶n¬''

NJB ""\ap°p AXnPo-hn-®- Ipsd-bm-fp-Isf tijn-∏n-®n-cp∂ns√-¶n¬v''

sbi. 1:9 se F{_mb ]mT-Øn¬ ""tijn∏v'' F∂mWv F¶nepw sk]v‰z-Pn‚ v AXns\ ""k¥Xn''

F∂p X¿÷a sNbvXp (NKJV). bn{km-tb-en-t∑-ep≈ ssZhnI \ymb-hn[nbn¬ Ft∏mgpw (1) Hcp hnizmk

tijn-∏n-s\bpw (2) ain-sslI ]n¥p-S¿®-sbbpw kwc-£n-®n-cp-∂p. At\-Isc t\Sp-∂-Xn-\mbn ssZhw

Ft∏mgpw Hcp sNdnb Iq´sØ _m°n-h-®p.

""skmtZmw ... sKmtamd'' hm. 28 ssZhnI \ymb-hn-[n-tbmSp _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. Dev]. 19:24-˛26 ¬ ]cm-

a¿in-®n-cn-°p∂ ssZhnI \ymb-hn-[n-°n-c-bmb c≠p PmXob ]´-W-ßsf Cu hmIyw {]tXy-I-ambn ]cm-

a¿in-®n-cn-°p-∂p, F¶nepw Ah ssZhnI \ymb-hn-[n-sb kqNn-∏n-°p∂ ]g-s©m-√m-bn-Øo¿∂p (H.-t\m.

Bh. 29:34; sbi. 13:19; bnsc. 20:16; 49:18; 50:40; Btam. 4:11).

tdma¿ 9:30-˛3330BIbm¬ \mw F¥p ]dtb≠p? \oXnsb ]n¥pScmØ PmXnIƒ \oXn {]m]n®p,

hnizmkØmep≈ \oXn Xt∂. 31\oXnbpsS {]amWw ]n¥pS¿∂ bn{kmtbtem B {]amWØn¶¬

FØnbn√. 32AsX¥psIm≠p? hnizmkØme√, {]hrØnIfm¬ At\zjn®XpsIm≠p Xt∂

Ah¿ CS¿®°√nt∑¬ X´n CSdn: 33""CXm, Rm≥ kotbm\n¬ CS¿®°√pw XSß¬]mdbpw

sh°p∂p; Ah\n¬ hnizkn°p∂h≥ e÷n®pt]mIbn√'' F∂p FgpXnbncn°p∂pht√m.

9:30-˛31 ssZh-Øns‚ Xnc-s™-Sp-∏n≥ Dt±-iy-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ hnkva-bm-h-l-amb \nK-a-\-am-Wn-Xv. hm. 30-˛33,

A[ymbw 9 s‚ kw{K-lhpw A[ymbw 10 s‚ apJ-hp-c-bp-am-Wv. hniz-kn-°p∂ PmXn-Iƒ ssZh-hp-ambn

\nc∏p {]m]n-®p, ]t£ F√mw sblq-Z\pw AXp km[n-®n√ (H.-t\m. hm. 6)!

ssZhw kIe a\p-jy-cp-ambn DS-ºSn am¿§-Øn-emWp _‘-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. ssZhw F√m-bvt]mgpw ap≥I-

sø-Sp-°p-Ibpw hyhÿ \n›-bn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. hy‡n-Iƒ am\-km-¥-cw, hnizm-kw, A\p-k-c-Ww,

ÿntcm-’mlw F∂n-h-bm¬ {]Xn-I-cn-°Ww. a\p-jy¿ c£n-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv

1. ssZh-Øns‚ ]c-am-[n-Im-c-Øm-emtWm

2. ain-lm-bpsS ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏´ {]hrØnbnep≈ hnizmkw aqew ssZh-Øns‚

Icp-W-bm-emtWm AtXm

3. hy‡n-]-c-amb hnizm-k-Øm-emtWm?

""]n¥p-S-cpI'' F∂-Xn\v 14:19 s‚ Ipdn∏p ImWp-I.

209

9:30 ""\oXn'' Cu hm°n\v 1:17 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWp-I. \macq]w hm. 30 ¬ 3 {]mh-iyhpw hm.

31 ¬ Hcp {]mh-iyhpw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. hnizm-k-Øns‚ ""\oXn''-sb \ymb{]-am-W-Øns‚ ""\oXn''-bp-

ambn Xmc-X-ay-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ho≠pw ]gb DS-º-Snbpw ]pXnb DS-º-Snbpw XΩn-ep≈ Xmc-Xayw

ImWmw. ]gb DS-º-Sn-bpsS {]iv\w A[ymbw 11 ¬ kIe temI-Øn-\pw-th≠n kphn-tijØn\p hmXn¬

Xpd-∂p.

9:32 ""{]hr-Øn-I-fm¬'' sSIvÃkv dnsk-]v‰kv ""\ymb{]-am-W-Øns‚'' F∂p-IqSn Iqń-t®¿°p-∂p. CXv

]nev°me ]I¿s∏-gp-Øp-Im¿ Iqń-t®¿Ø-Xm-Wv. ]usemkv ]e-t∏mgpw ""\ymb{]-am-W-Øns‚ {]hr-Øn-

Iƒ'' F∂p ]d-bp-∂p≠v (H.-t\m. 3:20,28; Kem. 2:16; 3:2,5,10). F∂n-cp-∂mepw ]pcm-X\ IsøgpØp {]XnIƒ

P46, a*, A, B, F, G F∂nh hmIy-Øn¬ Cu ]Zw hn´p-I-f-™n-´p-≠v. Npcp-°-amb ]mT-Øn\v UBS4 “B”td‰nwKv

(G-Xm≠v Dd-∏p-≈-Xv) sImSp-°p-∂p.

ssZhnI \oXn-bpsS Xmt°m¬ am\p-jnI {]hr-Øn-b-√, adn®v ssZh-Øns‚ kz`m-hhpw {InkvXp-hn-eq-

sS-bp≈ Zm\-hp-am-Wv. \oXn hoWp-t]mb a\p-jy-\m¬ t\SpI Akm-[y-ambXn\m¬ AXv {InkvXp-hn-ep≈

hnizm-k-Øm¬ kuP-\y-ambn \¬Ip∂ Zm\-amWv (H.-t\m. 3:21-˛31). F∂n-cp-∂mepw AXp kzoI-cn-t°-≠-

XmWv (H.-t\m. hm. 33; tbml. 1:12; 3:16; tdma. 4:1 apX¬; 10:9˛13; Fs^. 2:8˛9). Cu kXy-amWv Bflm¿∞-

X-bp-≈, aX-hn-izm-kn-bm-b, [m¿ΩnI sblq-Z≥ (k-Ie \nb-a-hm-Zn-I-fpw) a\- n-em-°msX t]mbXv!

tPm¿÷v F¬U≥ emUv, F Xntbm-fPn Hm^v Z \yqsS-Ã-sa‚ v F∂ Xs‚ {KŸ-Øn¬ Hcp \√

t]mbn‚ v ]d-bp-∂p-≠v:

""\ymb{]amWsØ kw_-‘n® ]usem-kns‚ ]Tn-∏n-°ens\ ]e-t∏mgpw Hcp d∫n F∂

\ne-bntem As√-¶n¬ \ymb-{]-am-W-Øn≥ Iogn-ep≈ H∂mw \q‰m-≠nse Hcp sblq-Z≥ F∂

\ne-bntem D≈ ]usem-kns‚ Ncn-{X-]-c-amb A\p-`-h-Øns‚ ImgvN-∏m-SnemWnXv kao-]n-°m-dp-

≈-Xv. F∂n-cp-∂mepw ]usem-kns‚ Nn¥-Isf Ahs‚ Bflob Bfl-IYbpsS G‰p-]-d-®n¬

F∂ \ne-bntem H∂mw \q‰m-≠nse ]co-i-a-X-Øns‚ \nb-a-hm-Z-Øns‚ hnh-c-W-sa∂ \ne-bntem

A√, adn®v \nb-a-hm-Zw, hnizmkw F∂ \oXn-bpsS c≠p hgn-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ Hcp {InkvXob

Nn¥-Is‚ ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-amb hymJym-\-am-bn-´mWv ImtW-≠Xv'' (t]Pv 495).

9:33 CXv sbi. 28:16 t\mSv 8:16 tN¿Øp≈ D≤-c-Wn-bm-Wv..

""CXm, Rm≥ kntbm-\n¬ Dd-∏p≈ I√pw ... Cń-cn-°p-∂p,'' 28:16a""Ah≥ Hcp CS¿®-°√pw XS-ß¬ ]mdbpw ... Bbn-cn°pw,'' 8:14

""hniz-kn-°p-∂-h≥ HmSn-t∏m-I-bn-√/e÷n-®p-t]m-I-bn√,'' 28:16bCu hn[-Øn¬ (d-_n-am-cpsS kmlnXy kt¶-Xw) Cu hmIy-ßƒ kwtbm-Pn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS Ah≥ sbi.

28:16 s‚ km[-Im-flI A¿∞sØ \ntj-[m-fl-I-am-°p-∂p. ]usemkv Xs‚ Dt±-iy-\n-hr-Øn-°mbn ]gb

\nb-asØ hf-s®m-Sn-°p-∂p.

1. Ah≥ GXp ]cn-`m-j-bmWv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv (sk-]v‰z-Pn‚ v, atkm-sd-‰n-Iv, AtXm Xs‚ kz¥-tam)

2. Ah≥ ]cm-a¿i-ßƒ am‰p∂p ({]-hm-kn-I-fn¬ \n∂pw PmXn-I-fn-te-°v)

3. Ah≥ thZ-`m-K-ßsf kwtbm-Pn-∏n-°p∂p

4. Ah≥ btlm-hsb kqNn-∏n-°p∂ t]cp-Ifpw k¿Δ-\m-a-ßfpw tbip-hn-t‚-Xm-°n am‰p∂p

""Ah\n¬ hnizkn°p∂h≥ e÷n®p t]mIbn√'' CXv sbi. 28:16bbn¬ \n∂p≈ D≤-c-Wn-bm-Wv.

CXv tdma. 10:11 epw D≤-cn-®n-´p-≠v. CXv tdma. 10:13 ¬ D≤-cn-®n-´p≈ tbmth. 2:32 \p kam-\-am-Wv. c£-

bv°p≈ Xmt°m¬ (1) hkvXphpw (aq-e-°-√v) (2) hy‡n-bpsS hy‡n-]-c-amb kzoI-c-Whpw (A-h-\n-ep≈

hnizm-kw) BWv. 4:5 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: hniz-kn-°pI ImWp-I.

""Hcp I√v'' CXv bYm¿∞-ambn ssZh-Øn-\p≈ t]cmWv (H.-t\m. k¶o. 18:1˛2,31,46; Bh. 32:18; 1 iaq.

2:2; k¶o. 28:1; 31:3; 42:9; 71:3; 78:35), F¶nepw AXv ain-sslI t]cmbn amdn (H.-t\m. Dev]. 39:24; k¶o.

118:22; sbi. 8:14; 28:16; Zm\o. 2:34-˛35, 44-˛45; aØm. 21:42-˛44). ssZh-Øns‚ DS-ºSn hmKvZ-Ø-Øns‚ (a-in-

lm) apJy-L-SIw sX‰n-≤m-c-Wbpw \ncm-k-hp-amWv (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 1:23). sblq-Z-∑m¿ ain-lm-bpsS Dt±-

iysØ am{X-a-√, ssZhnI DS-º-Sn-bpsS ASn-ÿm\ hyh-ÿ-I-sfbpw sX‰n-≤-cn-®p. {InkvXp sblq-Z-∑m¿°v

CS¿®bv°p tlXp-hmbn (H.-t\m. sbi. 8:14; eqs°m. 2:34) F¶nepw hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v ˛ sb-lq-Z\pw PmXn-

Iƒ°pw ˛ Ah≥ aqe-°-√m-bn-Øo¿∂p (H.-t\m. sbi. 28:16; 1 ]s{Xm. 2:6˛10).

{]tXyI ]T\ hnjbw: aqe-°√vI. ]gb \nba D]-tbmKw

A. \√ ASn-ÿm-\-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ Dd-∏p≈ I√v F∂ Bibw btlm-hsb kqNn-

∏n-°m≥ D]tbmKn®p-h∂p (H.-t\m. k¶o. 18:2).

210

B. AXp ]n∂oSv ain-sslI t]cmbn amdn (H.-t\m. Dev]. 49:24; k¶o. 118:22; sbi. 28:16).

C. ainlm apJm-¥cw btlmh \S-Øp∂ \ymb-hn-[nsb AXp kqNn-∏n®p (H.-t\m. sbi. 8:14;

Zm\o. 2:34˛35,44-˛45).

D. AXv sIńS \n¿ΩmW kmZr-iy-ambn hnI-kn-∏n-°-s∏-´p.

1. sIń-S-Øns‚ _m°n `mK-ß-fpsS Ncnhpw aqe-Ifpw \n¿Æ-bn-°p-Ibpw Dd-∏n-°p-Ibpw

sNøp∂ \ne-bn¬ BZyw CSp∂ ""aqe-°√v'' F∂p hnfn-°-s∏-Sp∂ ASn-ÿm-\-°√v

2. `nØn-Isf Dd-∏n®p \n¿Øp-∂-Xn-\mbn Ah-km-\-an-Sp∂ I√n-s\bpw Cu t]cn¬ ]cm-a¿in-

°m-dp≠v (H.-t\m. skJ. 4:7; Fs^. 2:20,21). dpjv (A-Xm-bXv Xe) F∂ F{_mb ]Z-Øn¬

\n∂v CXn\v ""sXm∏n-°√v'' F∂ t]cp-≠m-bn.

3. CXv ""Xmt°m¬ I√v'' F∂p hnfn-°-s∏-Sp∂ I√ns\bpw kqNn-∏n-°m≥ km[y-X-bp-≠v. apgp-

`n-Øn-I-fp-sSbpw `mcw Xmßp∂ a[y-hm-Xn-en\p Iogn¬ shbv°p∂ I√m-Wn-Xv.

II. ]pXnb \nba D]-tbmKw

A. tbip Xs∂-°p-dn-®p≈ ]cm-a¿i-ambn k¶o. 118 \nc-h[n {]mhiyw D≤-cn-®n-´p≠v (H.-t\m. aØm.

21:41-˛46; a¿s°m. 12:10-˛11; eqs°m. 20:17).

B. btlmh Ahn-izm-kn-Ifpw a’-cn-I-fp-amb bn{km-tb-ens\ X≈n-b-Xn-s\-°p-dn®v ]usemkv k¶o.

118 D≤-cn-°p∂p (H.-t\m. tdma. 9:33).

C. ]usemkv {InkvXp-hns\ ]cm-a¿in®v ""aqe-°√v'' F∂ Bibw Fs^. 2:20-˛22 ¬ D]-tbm-Kn-

°p-∂p.

D. ]s{Xmkv Cu Bibw tbip-hn-s\-°p-dn®v 1 ]s{Xm. 2:1˛10 ¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®p. tbip aqe-°√pw

hnizm-kn-Iƒ Ah-\n¬ ]Wn-b-s∏-Sp∂ (A-Xm. tbip ]pXnb Be-b-am-Wv, H.-t\m. a¿s°m.

14:58; aØm. 12:6; tbml. 2:19-˛20) Poh-\p≈ I√p-I-fp-amWv (A-Xm. hnizm-kn-Iƒ ssZhm-e-b-ß-

sf∂ \ne-bn¬, 1 sImcn. 6:19). sblq-Z-∑m¿ tb-ip-hns\ ain-lm-sb∂ \ne-bn¬ \nc-kn-®-t∏mƒ

Ah¿ Xß-fpsS {]Xym-i-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-amWv X≈n-°-f-™-Xv.

III. ssZh-imkv{X {]kvXm-h-\-Iƒ

A. btlmh Zmho-Zns\/item-tams\ Bebw ]Wn-hm≥ A\p-h-Zn-®p. Ah¿ DS-ºSn ]men-®m¬

Ah≥ Ahsc A\p-{K-ln-°p-sa∂pw Ah-tcmSp IqsS-bn-cn-°p-sa∂pw Acp-fn-s®bvXp (H.-t\m. 2

iaq. 7),- F-∂m¬ Ah¿ AXp sNøm-Xn-cp-∂m¬ Bebw \in-®p-t]mIpw (H.-t\m. 1 cmPm. 9:1˛9)!

B. d_n sblqZ-aXw BNm-c-ß-fnepw _mly-cq-]-Ønepw {i≤n-°p-Ibpw hy‡n-]-c-amb hnizmk-

Øns‚ {]m[m-\ysØ Ah-K-Wn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp (H.-t\m. bnsc. 31:31-˛34; sbsl. 36:22-˛38).

ssZhw Xs‚ kzcq-]-Øn¬ krjvSn-°-s∏´ a\p-jy-cp-ambn ssZ\w-Zn-\, hy‡n-]-c-am-b, `‡n-

\n¿`-c-amb _‘w {]Xo-£n-°p∂p (H.-t\m. Dev]. 1:26-˛27). aØm. 5:20 ¬ ImWp-∂-Xp-t]mse

sblq-Z-a-X-Øn-s\-Xn-cmbn \ymb-hn-[n-bpsS bm-\-I-amb hm°p-Iƒ eqs°m. 20:17- 18 epw ImWmw.

C. Xs‚ ùXnI ico-csØ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn tbip Bebw F∂ k¶ev]w D]-tbm-Kn®p

(H.-t\m. tbml. 2:19˛22). btlm-h-bp-am-bp≈ _‘-Øns‚ Xmt°m¬ ain-lm-bmWv F∂ ASn-

ÿm-\-Øn¬ Cu Bibw tbip-hn-ep≈ hy‡n-]-c-amb hnizmkw F∂ \ne-bn-te°p hnI-kn-

∏n-°-s∏-´p (A-Xm. tbml. 14:6; 1 tbml. 5:10˛12).

D. c£-bpsS Dt±iyw ssZh-hp-am-bp≈ Iq´mbva km[y-am-I-Ø-°-hn[w a\p-jy-\n-ep≈ ssZhnI

kzcq-]-Øns‚ (H.-t\m. Dev]. 1:26-˛27; A[ymbw 3) XI¿®sb \∂m-°pI F∂-XmWv. {InkvXym-

\n-Xz-Øns‚ e£yw ChnsS {InkvXp-km-Zriyw km[y-am-°pI F∂-Xm-Wv. hnizm-kn-Iƒ Poh-

\p≈ I√p-I-fmbn amdWw (A-Xm. {InkvXp-hns‚ amXr-I-{]-Imcw \n¿Ωn-°-s∏´ sNdnb Be-

b-ßƒ).

E. tbip-hmWv \ΩpsS hnizm-kØns‚ ASn-ÿm-\hpw hnizm-k-Øns‚ sXm∏n-°√pw (A-Xm-bXv

A¬^bpw Hta-K-bpw). At∏mƒ Xt∂ Ah≥ CS¿®-°√pw XS-ß¬]m-d-bp-am-Wv. Ahs\ \jvS-

s∏-Sp-I-sb-∂Xv kI-ehpw \jvS-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\p Xpey-am-Wv. ChnsS a[y-ta-J-e-bn-√.

211









1. A[ymbw 9 (ap≥\nba\w) GXp \ne-bn-emWv A[ymbw 10 t\mSp (a-\p-jy-h¿§-Øns‚ kzX{¥

C—) _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂Xv?

2. 9:1˛29 s‚ {][m\ Nn¥m-hn-jbw F¥mWv?

3. bn{km-tb-en-t\m-Sp≈ Xs‚ hmKvZØw ssZhw ewLn-®pthm?

4. tZiob bn{km-tb-en\p e`n® ]Z-hn-I-fpsS ]´nI Xøm-dm-°pI (9:4˛5)

5. F√m sblq-Z\pw ssZh-hp-ambn \nc-∏n-emtWm? F¥p-sIm≠v As√-¶n¬ F¥p-sIm-≠n√ (9:6)?

6. ssZh-bnjvSw sNøm≥ a\p-jy≥ \n¿_-‘n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Ah≥ [m¿Ωn-I-ambn DØ-c-hm-Zn-

bmtWm?

7. Fß-s\-bmWv ""IcpW'' ap≥\n-b-a-\-Øns‚ Xmt°m¬ Bbn-cn-°p-∂Xv (H.-t\m. 15,16,18,23; 11:30-˛32)?

212

bn{kmtbepw bn{kmtben\v hnizm-k-Øm-ep≈ bn{kmtbepw ssZh-amWp \sΩ

kphn-ti-jhpw kphn-tijw icn-bmb \oXn kphn-ti-jhpw hnip-≤-cm-°p-∂Xv

Bhiyw F∂p ImWp∂

Xn¬ bn{km-tb¬

]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp∂p

9:30-˛10:4 9:30-˛10:4 9:30-˛10:4

10:1˛13 10:1˛4

kI-e¿°pw c£ kI-e¿°pw c£ tamsi-bpsS

km£yw

10:5˛13 10:5˛13 10:5˛13 10:5˛13

bn{km-tb¬ kphn bn{km-tb¬ Ahfp bn{km-tben\v

tijw \nc-kn-°p∂p sS ]cm-P-b-ßƒ°v Hgn-I-gn-hn√

DØ-c-hmZn

10:14- 21 10:14- 21 10:14- 17 10:14- 17 10:14- 15

10:16˛17

10:18- 21 10:18- 21 10:18- 21
















4. BZnbmbh

]›m-Øe Dƒ°m-gvN-IƒA. A[ymbw 10, {InkvXp-hn-ep≈ btlm-h-bpsS Ir]m-I-c-amb c£m-hm-KvZm-\-tØmSp {]Xn-I-cn-°m≥

bn{km-tb-en\p e-`n® Ah-k-c-sØ-°p-dn®p {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p. A[ymbw 9, temIsØ Xnc-s™-Sp-

°p-I F∂ Dt±-iy-tØmsS ssZhw bn{km-tb-ens\ Xnc-s™-Sp-Ø-Xn-s\-°p-dn®p N¿® sNbvXp (H.-

t\m. Dev]. 3:15; 12:3; ]pd. 19:5˛6) F¶nepw Ahs‚ Xnc-s™-Sp-∏ns\ Gs‰-Sp-°p-∂Xv sblq-Z≥ \nc-

kn®p (A-Xm. DS-ºSn A\p-k-c-Ww, H.-t\m. Bh¿Ø\w 27-˛29).

B. kphn-ti-j-sØ-°p-dn®p≈ Xs‚ hmZ-KXn Dd∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn ]usemkv ]g-b\ \nb-asØ D]-

tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xp XpS-cp∂p (A-[ymbw 9s‚ ]›m-Øe Dƒ°m-gvN-Iƒ, B ImWp-I). CXv sIdnKvam

(A-Xm. {]Jym-]n-°-s∏-´Xv) F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ {]hr-Øn-I-fnse As∏m-kvX-enI {]kw-K-ß-fpsS khn-

213

ti-j-X-bm-Wv. 1:2 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: sIdnKvam ImWp-I.

C. 9:30˛10:4 s‚ tI{μ kXyw Ch-bmWv:

1. PmXn-Iƒ°v tbip-{In-kvXp-hn-ep≈ hnizm-k-Øm¬ ssZhnI \oXn {]m]n°mw

2. sblq-Z≥ {InkvXp-hn¬ hn-iz-kn-°mØ Imc-W-Øm¬ ssZhnI \oXn {]m]n-®n√

3. \ymb-{]-avW-Øn\v \oXn \¬Ip-hm≥ km[y-a-√. AXv {InkvXp-hn-ep≈ hnizm-k-Øm¬ e`n-°p∂

ssZhnI Zm\-am-Wv, am\p-jnI {]hr-Øn-I-fm¬ e`n-°p-∂-X√ (H.-t\m. 3:21-˛31)

D. tkm≠¿hm≥ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®, tdmam-te-J-\-Øns‚ ÃUn-ssKUv ss__nƒ Ia‚-dnbn¬ {_qkv

tIm¿enbpw I¿ńkv thmK\pw sblq-Z-∑m-cpsS ]m]-ß-fpsS Hcp ]ńI \¬In-bn-´p≠v:

1. aX-]-c-amb Al-¥, 10:2a2. Bflob A‘-X, 10:2b ,3a3. kzb-˛-\oXn, 10:3b4. Iogvs∏-SmØ imTyw, 10:4a

A[ymbw 9 s‚ Ah-km\w A[ymbw 10 s\°p-dn®v Ah¿ \¬In-bn-´p≈ D]-kw-lmc {]kvXm-

h\ F\n°n-jvS-amWv: ""ssZhnI ]c-am-[n-Im-c-sØ ]c-º-cm-KXambn {]Xn-tcm[n°p∂ thZ-`m-KsØ

(9:6˛9) XpS¿∂v ]usem-kns‚ teJ-\-ß-fn¬ sht®-‰hpw henb anj-\dn thZ-`m-K-ambncn°pw hcp-

∂Xv (10:1˛21) F∂p hni-Zo-I-cn-°p∂ {Iqins‚ {]kw-K-Øn-emWv Xnc-s™-Sp∏v kw`-hn-°p-∂Xv (H.-

t\m. 1 sX . 1:4˛10). kphn-tijw {]kw-Kn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ G‰hpw D∂-X-amb t{]c-W, Aßs\

sNøp-∂-XneqsS ssZhw {InkvXp-hn-eq-sS-bp≈ Xs‚ Xnc-s™-Sp-∏n≥ Dt±-iysØ \S-∏m-°p-I-bmWv

F∂ Adn-hmWv'' (t]Pv 114).

E. A[ymbw 9 \p Xpey-ambn A[ymbw 10 epw [mcmfw ]gb \nba D≤-c-Wn-I-fp-≠v.

1. hm. 5 ˛ tehy. 18:5

2. hm. 6 ˛ Bh. 30:12 H∏w Bh. 9:4 s\°p-dn-®p≈ BapJ kqN-\-Ifpw

3. hm. 7 ˛ Bh. 30:13 H∏w k¶o. 107:26 s\°p-dn-®p≈ kqN-\-Ifpw

4. hm. 8 ˛ Bh. 30:14

5. hm. 11 ˛ sbi. 28:16

6. hm. 13 ˛ tbmth. 2:32

7. hm. 15 ˛ sbi. 52:7 AYhm \lqw 1:15

8. hm. 16 ˛ sbi. 53:1

9. hm. 18 ˛ k¶o. 19:4

10. hm. 19 ˛ Bh. 32:21

11. hm. 20 ˛ sbi. 65:1

12. hm. 21 ˛ sbi. 65:2

]Z, ssieo ]T\w

tdma¿ 10:1˛41ktlmZc∑mtc, Ah¿ c£n°s∏tSWw F∂p Xt∂ Fs‚ lrZbhmRvObpw Ah¿°p-

th≠n ssZhtØmSp≈ bmN\bpw BIp∂p. 2Ah¿ ]cn⁄m\{]Imcas√¶nepw ssZhsØ

kw_‘n®p Fcnhp≈h¿ F∂p Rm≥ Ah¿°p km£yw ]dbp∂p. 3Ah¿ ssZhØns‚ \oXn

AdnbmsX kz¥ \oXn ÿm]n∏m≥ At\zjn®psIm≠p ssZhØns‚ \oXn°p Iogvs]ń√.4hnizkn°p∂ Gh∂pw \oXn e`n∏m≥ {InkvXp \ymb{]amWØns‚ Ahkm\w BIp∂p.

10:1 ""ktlmZc∑mtc'' Hcp ]pXnb hnjbw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn Cu ]Zw ]usemkv ]e-t∏mgpw D]-

tbm-Kn-°p-∂p≠v (H.-t\m. 1:13; 7:1,4; 8:12).

""Ah¿ c£n°s∏tSWw F∂p Xt∂ Fs‚ lrZbhmRvObpw Ah¿°p-th≠n ssZhtØmSp≈

bmN\bpw BIp∂p'' sblq-Z-∑m¿°p c£n-°-s∏-Sm≥ Ign-bp-sa∂pw Ah¿°p-th-≠n-bp≈ Xs‚ {]m¿∞-

\bv°p ê-ap-≠m-Ip-sa∂pw ]usemkv hniz-kn-®p. ap∂n-b-a-\-Øn-s\-Xn-cmb A¤pXm-h-l-amb t]mbn‚m-

WnXv! 9:3 se {]tXyI ]T\ hnjbw: a[y-ÿ-{]m¿∞\ ImWp-I.

""Ah¿°p-th≠n'' F∂-Xn\v {Ko°p Isø-gp-Øp-{]-Xn-I-fn¬ hyXym-k-ap-≠v. sSIv‰kv dnk-]v‰kv ""bn{km-

tb-en-\p-th≠n'' F∂mWv tN¿Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. F∂n-cp-∂mepw Isø-gp-Øp-{]-Xn-I-fpsS sXfn-hp-Iƒ ""Ah¿°p-

th≠n'' F∂-Xns\ ]n¥p-W-bv°p-∂p (IsøgpØp {]XnIƒ P46, a*, B, C, D*, F, G F∂nh). UBS4 “A”td‰nwKv

(Dd-∏p-≈-Xv).

214

10:2 ""ssZhsØ kw_‘n®p Fcnhp≈h¿'' Bflm¿∞-Xbpw D’m-lhpw am{Xw t]mcm (H.-t\m. {]hr.

9:1; Kem. 1:14; ^nen.3:6)!

10:2˛3 ""Ah¿ ]cn⁄m\{]Imcas√¶nepw ... ssZhØns‚ \oXn AdnbmsX'' ""Adn-bpI'' F∂ ]Zw

(hm. 2, F]n-Kn-t\mkvtIm ˛ epifinwskwepifinwskwepifinwskwepifinwskwepifinwskw) c≠p hn[-Øn-emWv {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xv.

1. sblq-Z-∑m¿°v kuP\y kphn-tijw a\- n-em-bn√ (""Adn-bpI'' F∂Xv {Ko°v A¿∞-Øn¬)

2. sblq-Z-∑m¿°v ssZh-hp-ambn hnizmk _‘-an√ (""Adn-bpI'' F∂Xv F{_mb A¿∞-Øn¬, H.-

t\m. Dev]. 4:1; bnsc. 1:5)

ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ {]Xn-I-c-W-Øns‚ Bh-iy-I-X-sb-∏‰n sblq-Z¿ A⁄-cm-bn-cp-∂n√ (H.-t\m. hm. 16,18,19)

F¶nepw Ah¿ hnizm-k-Øns‚ ÿm\Øv am\p-jnI {]I-S-\-Øn\v {]m[m\yw sImSp-°p-Ibpw AXv Ahsc

\nK-fw, Al-¥, Xßƒam{Xw F∂ Nn¥m-KXn F∂n-h-bn-te°p \bn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp (hm. 3a)!

{]tXyI ]T\hn-jbw: Adn-bpI(Bh¿Ø-\-]pkvXIw amXr-I-bm-°n-s°m≠v)

""Adn-bpI'' F∂Xn\p≈ F{_mb ]Zw (_n.-Un._n 393) Jzm¬ \v A\-h[n A¿∞-ß-fp-≠v.

1. \∑-Xn-∑-Isf Adn-bpI ˛ Dev]. 3:22; Bh. 1:39; sbi. 7:14-˛15; tbm\m 4:11

2. Adn-hn-eqsS Adn-bp-I ˛ Bh. 9:2, 3, 6; 18:2

3. A\p-`-h-Øn-eqsS Adn-bp-I ˛ Bh. 3:19; 4:35; 8:2, 3, 5; 11:2; 20:20; 31:13; tbmip. 23:14

4. ]cn-K-Wn-°p-I ˛ Bh. 4:39; 11:2; 29:16


a. Hcp hy‡n ˛ Dev]. 29:5; ]pd. 1:8; Bh. 22:2; 33:9

b. Hcp tZh≥ ˛ Bh. 11:28; 13:2, 6, 13; 28:64; 29:26; 32:17

c. btlmh ˛ Bh. 4:35, 39; 7:9; 29:6; sbi. 1:3; 56:10-˛11

d. ssewKn-I-ambn ˛ Dev]. 4:1, 17, 25; 24:16; 38:26

6. Hcp sXmgn¬ sshZKv[yw As√-¶n¬ ⁄m\w ˛ sbi. 29:11, 12; Btam. 5:16

7. ⁄m\n-Ifm-bn-cn-°pI ˛ Bh. 29:4; kZr. 1:2; 4:1; sbi. 29:24

8. ssZhnI ⁄m\w

a. tamsi-bpsS ˛ Bh. 34:10

b. bn{km-tb-ens‚ ˛ Bh. 31:21, 27, 29

10:3 ""ssZhØns‚ \oXn'' A[ymbw 9˛11 s‚ kμ¿`-Øn¬ Cu {]tbmKw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv ssZh-Øns‚

1. IcpW

2. {InkvXp-hns‚ ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏´ the

3. Bflm-hns‚ DW¿Ø¬

4. ]m]n-bmb a\p-jys‚ am\-km-¥-cw, hnizmk {]Xn-I-c-Ww, XpS¿am-\-amb A\p-k-cWhpw ÿntcm-

’m-lhpw

F∂n-h-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ssZhw a\p-jy-cp-sS-ta¬ IW-°n-Sp∂ Xm\p-am-bp≈ \nc∏v BWnXv (tdm-

a¿ 4).

sblq-Z≥ F{]-Im-c-amWv ssZh-Øns‚ \oXnsb sX‰n-≤-cn-®-sX∂v Hcp-h\p hy‡-ambn a\- n-em-°p-

hm≥ Ign-bpw. \ymb-{]-am-W-Øns‚ A\p-k-c-WsØ ]gb \nbaw Du∂n-∏-d-™n-cn-°p∂p (H.-t\m. Bh.

4:28-˛6:3,17,24-˛25). Ah¿°v Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ Ign-bm-Xn-cp∂ Imcyw hnizm-khpw am\-km-¥-chpw XΩn-¬ Bh-

iy-am-bn-cn-°p∂ k¥p-e-\-am-bn-cp∂p (H.-t\m. Bh. 5:29-˛30; 6:5). ssZhw bn{km-tb-en-\p-th≠n {]h¿Øn-

®Xv Ah-cpsS \oXn-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-e-√, adn®v Xs‚ kz`mhw \nan-Ø-am-sW∂v ssZhw Bh¿Ø-\-]p-

kvX-I-Øn¬ hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p≠v (H.-t\m. 9:6,7,13,24,27; 10:12-˛22; sbsl. 36:22-˛38). I\m-\y¿ t]mepw \in-∏n-

°-s∏-´Xv bn{km-tb-ens‚ \oXn \nan-Ø-a-√, adn®v Ah-cpsS ]m]w \nan-Ø-amWv (H.-t\m. 9:4-˛6; Dev]. 15:16).

1:17 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWp-I.

""ssZhØns‚ \oXn°p Iogvs]´n√'' Cu {Inb `qX-Ime I¿ΩWn kqN-I-amWv F¶nepw AXv a[y{]-

tbm-K-am-bn-´mWv X¿÷a sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. sImbvt\ {Ko°n¬ a[y{]-tbm-K-Øns‚ [¿Ωw I¿ΩWn

{]tbmKw Gs‰-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p. kμ¿`-amWv GXm-sW∂p Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂-Xv.

CXv A£-cm¿∞-Øn¬ ""Iogvs∏-SpI'' F∂-Xm-Wv. Hcp Iq´w Iev]-\-bv°p≈ ssk\nI ]Z-am-Wn-Xv. sblq-

Z-∑m¿ ssZh-Øns‚ \oXn kºm-Zn-°m≥ {ian-®p, F∂m¬ AXp Zm\-amWv (H.-t\m. 3:24; 5:15; 6:23; Fs^.

2:8˛9). ]usemkv Za-kvs°m-kn-te-°p≈ bm{X-bn¬ Cu kXyw hy‡-ambn a\- n-em-°n.

215

{]tXyI ]T\hn-jbw: Iogvs∏-S¬ (u.potasswu.potasswu.potasswu.potasswu.potassw)]Øp hyXykvX F{_mb ]Zßsf X¿÷a sNøp-∂-Xn-\mbn sk]v‰z-Pn‚ v Cu ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-

°p-∂p. CXns‚ ASn-ÿm\ ]gb \nba A¿∞w ""{Iao-I-cn-°pI'' AYhm ""Iev]n-°m-\p≈ Ah-

Imiw'' F∂m-Wv. CXv sk]v‰z-Pn‚n¬ \n∂pw FSp-Øn-´p-≈-Xm-Wv.

1. ssZhw Iev]n-°p∂p (H.-t\m. tehy. 10:1; tbm\m 2:1; 4:6˛8)

2. ssZhw Iev]n-°p∂p (H.-t\m. ]pd. 36:6; Bh. 27:1)

3. cmPm-°-∑m¿ Iev]n-°p∂p (H.-t\m. 2 Zn\. 31:11)

4. ]cn-K-Wn-°p-I ˛ Bh. 4:39; 11:2; 29:16


]pXnb \nb-a-Øn¬ Cu A¿∞w Xs∂ XpS-cp-∂-Xmbn ImWmw, {]hr. 10:48 ¬ As∏m-kvX-e≥ Iev]n-

°p-∂p. F¶nepw ]pXnb \nb-a-Øn¬ ]pXnb A¿∞-ßƒ hnI-kn-°p-∂p-≠v.

1. Hcp kzta-[\m hiw hnI-kn-°p∂p (an-°-t∏mgpw a[y-{]-tbm-Kw)

2. Cu kzb- -]-cn-an-X-s∏-Sp-Ø¬ {]hrØn tbip ]nXm-hn\p Iogvs∏-Sp-∂-Xn¬ ImWmw (H.-t\m. eqs°m.

2:51)

3. kphn-tijw sX‰mb \ne-bn¬ kzm[o-\n-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ hnizm-kn-Iƒ kwkvIm-c-Øn\v Iogvs∏-

Sp∂p

a. a‰p hnizm-kn-Iƒ (H.-t\m. Fs^. 5:21)

b. hniz-kn-°p∂ `mcy-am¿ (H.-t\m. sImsem. 3:18; Fs^. 5:22; XosØm. 2:5; 1 ]s{Xm. 3:1)

c. hnizm-kn-Iƒ PmXob Kh¨sa‚n\v (H.-t\m. tdma. 13:1˛7; 1 ]s{Xm. 2:13)

hnizm-kn-Iƒ ssZh-tØmSpw {InkvXp-hn-t\mSpw Ahs‚ cmPy-tØmSpw D≈ kvt\lw \nan-Øhpw

a‰p-≈-h-cpsS \∑sb Icp-Xnbpw thWw {]h¿Øn-°p-hm≥.

AKm-∏mthm (agapawagapawagapawagapawagapaw) hn\p Xpey-ambn hnizm-kn-Iƒ Cu ]ZsØ, cmPy-Øns‚ Bh-iy-ßfpsSbpw

a‰p-≈-h-cpsS Bh-iy-ßfpsSbw ASnÿm-\-Øn¬ ]pXnb A¿∞-ßƒ sIm≠p \nd-®p. Iev]-\-bpsS

ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ A√, adn®v kzbw-˛-\-evIp∂ ssZh-tØmSpw Ahs‚ ain-lm-tbm-Sp-ap≈ _‘-Øns‚

ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈ \nkzm¿∞-X-bpsS ]pXnb Ipeo-\Xzw AXn\p ssIh∂p. kIe a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw

\∑sb Icp-Xnbpw ssZhnI IpSpw-_-Øns‚ A\p-{Kl-Øn-\mbpw hnizm-kn-Iƒ A\p-k-cn-°p-Ibpw

Iogvs∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

10:4

NASB, NKJV ""hnizkn°p∂ Gh∂pw \oXn e`n∏m≥''

NRSV ""hnizkn°p∂ Gh∂pw \oXn D≠m-tI-≠-Xn-\p-th≠n''

TEV ""hnizkn°p∂ Gh∂pw ssZh-hp-ambn \nc-∏m-tI-≠-Xn\v''

NJB ""hnizmkw D≈ F√m-hcpw \oXo-I-cn-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xn\v''

A[ymbw 9˛11 Hcp-an®v hymJym-\n-°-Ww.- A-[ymbw 9 ¬ ssZh-Øns‚ ]c-am-[n-Im-c-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈

AXn-i-‡-ambn ImWp∂ Du∂¬ A[ymbw 10 ¬ ImWp∂ kI-ecpw hniz-kn-°m-hm-\p≈ hnfn-bp-ambn

kwL¿j-Øn¬ thWw FSp-°m≥ (H.-t\m. hm. 4,9,11,13; 3:22; 4:11,16).

ssZhkvt\l-Øn-s‚bpw hos≠-Sp-∏n≥ Dt±-iy-Øn-s‚bpw km¿Δ-eu-In-IXzw Dev]. 3:15 ¬ {]kvXm-hn-

°p-Ibpw Dev]. 12:3 epw ]pd. 19:5˛6 epw i‡n-bmbn kqNn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p. ssZh-Øns‚

km¿Δ-eu-InI kvt\l-sØbpw kIe a\p-jy-scbpw Iq´nt®¿°p-hm-\p≈ ]≤-Xn-sbbpw Ipdn®v {]hm-N-

I-∑m¿ IqsS-°qsS kwkm-cn-®n-cp-∂p. Hcp ssZhta D≈p-sh∂pw Ah≥ Xs‚ kmZr-iy-Øn¬ kIe a\p-

jy-scbpw krjvSn®p F∂p-ap≈ hkvXp-X, F√m-hcpw c£n-°-s∏-Sm-\p≈ Hcp km¿Δ-eu-InI £W-Øn\v

thZn-sbm-cp-°p-∂p. F¶n-epw, ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ klm-b-an-√msX Hcp-h\pw {]Xn-I-cn-°m≥ Ign-I-bn√ F∂

XmWv a¿Ωw (H.-t\m. tbml. 6:44,65). At∏mƒ tNmZyw, ""ssZhw F√m a\p-jy-scbpw c£-bn-te°v BI¿jn-

°ptam?'' F∂mbn amdp-∂p. ""AtX'' F∂m-bn-cn°pw DØcw (H.-t\m. tbml. 3:16; 4:42; 1 tbml. 2:2; 4:14; 1

Xnsam. 2:4; 2 ]s{Xm. 3:9). ]m]-Øns‚ hnSmsX ]n¥p-S-cp∂ sshcp-≤yhpw hogvNbpw kmØm\pw \nanØw

Nne¿ ]dbpw ""C√'' F∂v. ]usemkv {]kw-Kn-®-t∏mƒ Nne sblq-Z-∑m¿ {]Xn-I-cn-®p, Nne¿ {]Xn-I-cn-®n√;

Nne PmXn-Iƒ {]Xn-I-cn-®p, Nne¿ {]Xn-I-cn-®n√!

""hniz-kn-°pI'' (pisteuwpisteuwpisteuwpisteuwpisteuw) F∂ ]Zw ""hniz-kn-°p-I,'' ""B{ibn°pI'' F∂n-ßs\ X¿÷a sNøp-

hm≥ Ign-bpw. AXv XpS-cp∂ hnizm-ksØ kqNn-∏n-°p∂ h¿Ø-am\ Ime-am-Wv. {InkvXp-hn-eq-sS-bp≈

ssZh-Ir-]-bpsS Zm\w kzoI-cn-°p∂ tIhew hkvXp-X-I-fpsS (ssZ-h-im-kv{Xw, Ncn{X hni-Zmw-i-ßƒ,

AwKo-I-c-W-a√ AXv. ]pXnb \nbaw Hcp DS-º-Sn-bmWv; ssZhw AP≠ D≠m-°p-Ibpw Bh-iy-amb {]Xn-

216

I-c-W-ßƒ°v ap≥ssI-sb-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p F¶nepw hy‡n-Iƒ {]cw` hnizm-khpw am\-km-¥-chpw

XpS¿am-\-amb hnizm-khpw am\-km-¥-chpw sIm≠v {]Xn-I-cn-°p-Ibpw thWw. A\p-k-c-Whpw ÿntcm-

’m-lhpw \n¿Æm-b-I-am-Wv. {InkvXp-km-Zr-iyhpw ip{iq-j-bp-amWv e£yw!

NASB, NKJVNRSV ""{InkvXp \ymb{]amWØns‚ Ahkm\w BIp∂p''

TEV ""{InkvXp \ymb{]amWØn\v Ahkm\w hcpØn''

NJB ""F∂m¬ {InkvXphneqsS \ymb{]amWØn\v Ahkm\w h∂n-cn-°p∂p''

Cu {]kvXmh\ aØm. 5:17-˛48 t\mSp \nc-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. \ym{]-am-WØns‚ Dt±-iyw, e£yw AYhm

A¥yw (s‰-temkv˛telojtelojtelojtelojteloj) c£-bn√ adn®v t_m[w hcp-Ø-emWv, B Dt±iyw XpS¿∂pw kw`-hn-®p-sIm-≠n-

cn-°p∂p (H.-t\m. Kem. 3:24-˛25). Cu hnj-bsØ kw_-‘n® B[n-Im-cnI ]pXnb \nba `mK-ßƒ Kem.

3:1˛29 Dw F{_mb teJ-\-hp-am-Wv.

Cu hnjbw N¿® sNøp-tºmƒ kμ¿`-amWv \n¿Æm-b-Iw. ]usemkv ]gb \nb-asØ \nc-h[n

hyXykvX A¿∞-ß-fn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-≠v. {InkvXob Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn®p N¿® sNøp-tºmƒ, ]gb

\nbaw ssZh-Øns‚ shfn-∏m-SmWv (H.-t\m. tdma. 15:4; 1 sImcn. 10:6,11) F∂m¬ c£-sb-°p-dn®p ]d-bp-

tºmƒ AXv Akm-[phpw \oßn-t∏m-b-Xp-amWv (H.-t\m. F{_m. 8:13). CXn\p ImcWw AXv ]h-b-Xns‚

kmZriyw Bb-Xn-\m-em-Wv. tbip-hn-ep≈ hnizm-k-Øns‚ kphn-tijw Bflm-hns‚ ]pXnb bpK-am-Wv.

\ymb{]-am-W-Øns‚ Imew Ign™p! 13:9 se {]tXyI ]T\ hnjbw: tamsi-bpsS \ymb-{]-amWw kw_-

‘n®v ]usem-kns‚ ImgvN-∏mSv ImWp-I.

{]tXyI ]T-\hnjbw: c£-bv°v D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂

{Ko°v {Inbm-Im-e-ßƒ

c£ Hcp DXv]-∂a-√, Hcp _‘-am-Wv. Hcmƒ {InkvXp-hn¬ hniz-kn-°p-tºmƒ AXp ]q¿Æ-am-Ip-

∂n-√. adn®v Bcw- n-°p∂tXbp-≈q! CXv A·nkpc£m t]mfn-kn-tbm, kz¿§Ønte-°p≈ {]th-i\m\p-

a-Xntbm A√, adn®v {InkvXphns‚ kmZr-iy-Øn-te°p hf-cp∂ Hcp PohnXw BIp-∂p. Hcp Ata-cn-

°≥ ]g-s©m√v ]d-bp-∂-Xp-t]m-se, Zº-Xn-Iƒ Hcp-an®v F{X-Imew Pohn-°p-tam A{X-tØmfw Ah¿

Hcp-t]mse Bbn-Øo-cm≥ Bcw-`n°pw. c£-bpsS e£yw CXmWv!

c£ ]q¿Øo-I-cn® Hcp {]hrØn F∂ \ne-bn¬ (`q-X-Im-ew)

˛ {]hr. 15:11

˛ tdma. 8:24

˛ 2 Xnsam. 1:9

˛ XosØm. 3:5

˛ tdma. 13:11 (`q-X-Im-e-tØm-sSm-∏w `mhn-Ime kqN-\-bpw)

c£ Hcp Ahÿ F∂ \ne-bn¬ (]q¿Øn-bm-b-Xv)

˛ Fs^. 2:5,8

c£ Hcp XpS¿ {]{Inb F∂ \ne-bn¬

˛ 1 sImcn. 1:18; 15:2

˛ 2 sImcn. 2:15

˛ 1 ]s{Xm. 3:21

c£ Hcp `mhn-Ime ]q¿Øo-I-cWw F∂- \n-e-bn¬ (`mhn-Imew {Inbm-Im-e-Øn¬ As√-¶n¬ kμ¿`-

Øn¬)

˛ tdma. 5:9,10; 10:9,13

˛ 1 sImcn. 3:15; 5:5

˛ ^nen. 1:28

˛ 1 sX . 5:8˛9

˛ F{_m. 1:14; 9:28

˛ 1 ]s{Xm. 1:5,9

AXp-sIm≠v, Hcp {]Y-anI hnizm-k -Xo-cp-am-\-tØm-Sp-Iq-sS-bmWv c£ Bcw-`n-°p-∂Xv (H.-t\m. tbml.

1:12; 3:16; tdma. 10:9˛13), F∂m¬ Hcp hnizm-k -Po-hn-X-ssi-en-bpsS Hcp {]{In-b-bn¬ CXv {]mh¿Øn-I-

am-°Ww (H.-t\m. tdma. 8:29; Kem. 3:19; Fs^. 1:4; 2:10). AXv Hcp Znhkw Zriy-am-b ]q¿Øo-I-c-W-

Øn¬ FØn-t®cpw (H.-t\m. 1 tbml. 3:2). Cu Ah-km\ Ah-ÿsb al-Xzo-I-cWw F∂p hnfn°p-

217

∂p. CXns\ C{]-Imcw Nn{Xo-I-cn-°mw

1. {]mY-anI al-Xzo-I-cWw ˛ \oXo-I-cWw (]m-]-Øns‚ in£-bn¬ \n∂pw c£n-°-s∏Sp∂p)

2. ]ptcm-Kan-°p∂ c£ ˛ hnip-≤o-I-cWw (]m-]-Øns‚ i‡n-bn¬ \n∂pw c£n-°-s∏Sp∂p)

3. A¥na c£ ˛ al-Xzo-I-cWw (]m-]-Øns‚ km∂n-[y-Øn¬ \n∂pw c£n-°-s∏Sp∂p)

tdma¿ 10:5˛135\ymb{]amWØmep≈ \oXn kw_‘n®p: ""AXp sNbvX a\pjy≥ AXn\m¬ Pohn°pw''

F∂p tamsi FgpXnbncn°p∂pht√m. 6hnizmkØmep≈ \oXntbm CΔÆw ]dbp∂p:

""{InkvXphns\ Cdt°Ww F∂p hnNmcn®p B¿ kz¿§Øn¬ Ibdpw Ft∂m, 7{InkvXphns\

acn®hcpsS CSbn¬\n∂p Ibt‰Ww F∂p hnNmcn®p B¿ ]mXmfØn¬ Cdßpw Ft∂m \ns‚

lrZbØn¬ ]dbcpXp.'' 8F∂m¬ AXp F¥p ]dbp∂p? ""hN\w \n\°p kao]ambn \ns‚

hmbnepw \ns‚ lrZbØnepw Ccn°p∂p;'' AXp Rßƒ {]kwKn°p∂ hnizmk hN\w Xt∂.9tbiphns\ I¿Ømhp F∂p hmbvsIm≠p G‰p]dIbpw ssZhw Ahs\ acn®hcn¬\n∂p

Dbn¿sØgpt∂ev]n®p F∂p lrZbwsIm≠p hnizkn°bpw sNbvXm¬ \o c£n°s∏Spw.10lrZbwsIm≠p \oXn°mbn hnizkn°bpw; hmbvsIm≠p cs£°mbn G‰p]dIbpw sNøp∂p.11""Ah\n¬ hnizkn°p∂h≥ HcpØ\pw e÷n®pt]mIbn√'' F∂p XncpshgpØn¬

Acpfns®øp∂pht√m. 12sblqZ≥ F∂pw bh\≥ F∂pw hyXymkan√; F√mh¿°pw I¿Ømhp

Hcph≥ Xt∂; Ah≥ Xs∂ hnfn®t]£n°p∂ F√mh¿°pw \evIphm¥°hÆw kº∂≥

BIp∂p. 13""I¿Ømhns‚ \masØ hnfn®t]£n°p∂ Gh\pw c£n°s∏Spw'' F∂p≠t√m.

10:5 Cu hmIyw tehy. 18:5 s‚ kqN-\-bm-Wv. AXns‚ hmKvZØw kXy-am-Wv. Hcp-h≥ \ymb-{]-amWw

]men-®m¬ Ah≥ ssZh-Øn\p kzoIm-cy-\m-Ip-am-bn-cp∂p (H.-t\m. eqs°m. 10:28; Kem. 3:12). tdma. 3:9,10-

˛18,19,23; 5:18; 11:32 F∂nh bmYm¿∞yw hy‡-am-°p∂p F∂-XmWv kXyw. F√m-hcpw ]m]w sNbvXp.

]m]w sNøp∂ tZln acn°pw (H.-t\m. Dev]. 2:17; Bh. 30:18; sbsl. 18:4,20). Cu ]gb DS-º-Sn-bpsS ]mX

AS-™p. AsXmcp ac-W-hn-[n, im]w Bbn amdn (H.-t\m. 7:10; Kem. 3:13; sImsem. 2:14).

10:6-˛8 Cu hmIyw Bh. 30:11-˛14 s‚ sk]v‰z-Pn‚ns‚ kqN-\-bm-Wv. AXp ]usemkv Xs‚ e£y-{]m-]vXn-

°mbn cq]-am‰w hcp-Øn-b-Xm-Wv. CXv bYm¿∞-Øn¬ \ymb-{]-am-W-sØ-°p-dn®v tamsi kwkm-cn-®-XmWv

({]-tXy-In®v kμ¿`-Øns‚ Cu∂¬ kvt\lw ]cn-t—-Z\ sNø-s∏´ lrZbw F∂n-h-bmWv, H.-t\m. Bh.

30:6,16,20) F¶nepw Chn-sS-bnXv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv tbip-hns‚ PU-[m-c-Ww, ac-Ww, ]p\-cp-∞m\w F∂n-h-

sb-bmWv (H.-t\m. hm. 9; Fs^. 4:9˛10). c£ tbip- ain-lmbn-ep≈ hnizm-k-Øm¬ DS-\Sn e`y-amWv F∂-

XmWv ]usem-kns‚ t]mbn‚ v (H.-t\m. Bh. 30:15-˛20). AXv hfsc Ffp-∏-amWv; AXp kI-e¿°pw D≈-

Xm-Wv, AXv tamssiI \ymb-{]-am-W-Øn¬ \n∂pw hfsc hyXy-kvX-am-Wv.

10:6 ""hnizmkØmep≈ \oXntbm CΔÆw ]dbp∂p'' ]usemkv apsº ""]m]w,'' ""Ir],''""-Xn-cp-sh-gpØv''

F∂n-hsb Bf-Ø-]-c-am-°n-bn-cp-∂p, Ct∏m-g-h≥ ""hnizm-k-Øm-ep≈ \oXn''-sbbpw Be-Ø-]-c-am-°p-∂p..

hm. 6,7,8 se ]gb \nba D≤-c-Wn-bn-eqsS AXp kwkm-cn-°p-∂p.

""lrZbw'' hy‡n-Xz-Øns‚ {]Xn-^-e-\-ambn lrZbw \nev°p-∂p. 1:24 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWp-

I.

""Ibdpw ... Cdßpw'' {InkvXp-hns\ At\z-jn®v a\n-jy≥ t]mtI≠ Imcy-an√; Ahs\ kI-e¿°p-

ambn ssZhw Ab-®n-cn-°p-∂p. am\p-jnI At\z-j-W-ßƒ Bh-iy-an-√.

10:8 ""hN\w \n\°p kao]ambn'' CXv Bh. 30:14 ¬ \n∂p≈ D≤-c-Wn-bm-Wv. Bh. 30:11 s‚ Du∂¬

Xs‚ P\-amb bn{km-tb-en-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ btlm-h-bpsS lnXw {Kln-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂-XmWv F∂mWv (A-

Xm. hm. 12-˛13). kphn-ti-j-Øns‚ kXzc e`y-X-sb-°p-dn®p hnhcn°p-hm≥ ]usemkv JWvUnI (hm. 11-

˛14) D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p!

10:9 ""sNbvXm¬'' ""hkvXpXm hncp≤w'' `mhn-Ime {Inbm-flI {]hr-Ønsb kqNn-∏n-°p∂ aq∂mw Xcw

tkm]m[nI hmNIamWnXv. hnizm-k ktμ-i-Øns‚ D≈-S-°-amWv (tlm-´n) hm. 9.

""G‰p-]-d-bpI'' tlmtam-tem-sKtbm (o.mologewo.mologewo.mologewo.mologewo.mologew) F∂ Cu kwbp‡ ]ZØn\v ""AtX-Im-cyw,'' ""]d-

bpI'' F∂ A¿∞-am-Wp-≈-Xv. #vXn-\¿∞w ""]c-ky-ambn kΩ-Xn-°pI'' F∂mWv (a-‰p-≈-h¿ tIƒ°p-∂-

Xn-\mbn D®-Øn¬ ]d-bp-I). {InkvXp-hn-ep≈ hnizm-k-Øns‚ ]c-ky-amb G‰p-]-d-®n¬ hfsc {][m-\-

amWv (H.-t\m. aØm. 10:32; eqs°m. 12:8; tbml. 9:22; 12:42; 1 Xnsam. 6:12; 1 tbml. 2:23; 4:15). BZna k`-

218

bpsS ]cky {]Jym-]\w kv\m\-am-bn-cp-∂p. ""tbip I¿Øm-hm-sW∂p Rm≥ hniz-kn-°p∂p'' F∂ kq{X-

hm-Iy-Øn-eqsS kv\m\m¿∞n {InkvXp-hn-ep≈ Xs‚ hnizmkw {]Jym-]n-°p-∂p. Xmsg-s°m-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂

{]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWp-I.

{]tXyI ]T-\hnjbw: G‰p-]-d-®n¬A. G‰p-]-d-®n¬ As√-¶n¬ kzoImcyw F∂o ]Z-ßsf kqNn-∏n-°p∂Xv Htc {Ko°v aqe]Z-ß-

fpsS c≠v cq]-ßfmWv: tlmtam-sesKtbm, F-Ivtkm-tam-tem-sK (o.molegewo.molegewo.molegewo.molegewo.molegew, exomologe exomologe exomologe exomologe exomologe).tlmtam, AXpXs∂ setKm kwkm-cn-°pI; FIvkv, AXn¬\n∂v F∂n-h-bpsS kwbp-‡-]-Z-

amWv bmt°m_v D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. ASn-ÿm\ A¿∞w, AXp-Xs∂ kwkm-cn-°p-I, AXn-

t\mSp tbmPn-°pI F∂-Xm-Wv. Hcp ]cky{]Jym-]\ Bi-b-tØm-SmWv FIvkv Iq´n-t®¿Øn-

cn-°p-∂-Xv.

B. Cu ]Z-k-©-b-Øns‚ ]cn-`m-j-Iƒ

1. kvXpXn-°pI

2. GIm-`n-{]m-b-Øn-se-ØpI

3. {]Jym-]n-°pI

4. ]c-ky-ambn {]kvXm-hn-°pI

5. G‰p-]-d-bpI

C. Cu ]Z-Øn\ hn]-coXsa∂p tXm∂p∂ c≠v D]-tbm-K-ßfp≠v

1. kvXpXn-°pI (ssZ-h-sØ)

2. ]m]w G‰p-]-d-bpI

ssZh-Øns‚ hnip-≤nsb°p-dn®pw Xs‚ ]m]sØ°p-dn-®p-ap≈ a\pjys‚ t_m[y-Øn¬

\n∂pw Bbn-cn°mw Ch hnI-kn-®-Xv. Hcp kXysØ AwKo-I-cn-°pI F∂-Xns‚ A¿∞w

c≠n-s\bpw AwKo-I-cn-°pI F∂m-Wv.

D. ]Z-k-©-b-Øns‚ ]pXnb\nba D]-tbm-K-ßƒ

1. hmKvZØw sNøpI (H.-t\m. aØm. 14:7; {]hr. 7:17)

2. Hcp Imcy-tØmSv tbmPn-°pI As√-¶n¬ AXp kΩ-Xn-°pI (H.-t\m. tbml. 1:20; eqs°m.

22:6; {]hr. 24:14; F{_m. 11:13).

3. hmgvØpI (H.-t\m. aØm. 11:25; eqs°m. 10:21; tdma. 14:11; 15:9).

4. kΩ-Xn-°pI

a. Hcp hy‡ntbmSv (H.-t\m. aØm. 10:32; eqs°m. 12:8; tbml. 9:22; 12:42; tdma. 10:9;

^nen. 2:11; 1 tbml. 2:23; shfn. 3:5).

b. Hcp kXytØmSv (H.-t\m. {]hr. 23:8; 2 sImcn. 11:13; 1 tbml. 4:2).

5. Hcp s]mXp {]Jym-]\w \S-ØpI (aX]c-amb ÿnco-I-c-W-ambn hnI-kn® \n-b-a]c-amb

A¿∞Øn¬, H.-t\m. {]hr. 24:14; 1 Xnsam. 6:13).

a. ]m]-Øns‚ G‰p-]-d-®n¬ C√msX (H.-t\m. 1 Xnsam. 6:12; F{_m. 10:23).

b. ]m]-Øns‚ G‰p ]d-®n-tem-Sp-IqsS (H.-t\m. aØm. 3:6; {]hr. 19:18; F{_m. 4:14; bmt°m.

5:16; 1 tbml. 1:9).

NASB ""tbiphns\ I¿Øm-hmbn''

NKJV ""I¿Øm-hmb tbip''

NRSVTEV, NJB ""tbip I¿Øm-hmWv''

BZna k`-bpsS hnizmk {]Jym-]-\-Øn-s‚bpw kv\m\ G‰p-]-d-®n-en-s‚bpw ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-amb

D≈S°am-Wn-Xv. ""I¿Ømhv'' F∂ D]-tbmKw tbip-hns‚ ssZh-XzsØ Dd-∏n-°p∂p (H.-t\m. tbmth¬

2:32; {]hr. 2:32-˛33,36; 10:36; 1 sImcn. 12:3; 2 sImcn. 4:5; ^nen. 2:11; sImsem. 2:6) AtX-k-abw Ah\p \evIp-

s∏´ ""tbip'' F∂ \maw Ahs‚ Ncn-{X-]-c-amb a\p-jy-XzsØ kqNn-∏n-°p∂p (H.-t\m. 1 tbml. 4:1˛3).

Cu Du∂¬ injy-Xz-Øn\v/{InkvXp-Xpey Pohn-X-Øn\v Blzm\w sNøp-∂p.

""I¿Ømhv'' F∂ D]-tbmKw, Xncp-sh-gpØv hmbn-°p∂ ka-bØv d_n-am¿ btlmh F∂-Xn\p ]Icw

AtUm-Wmbn F∂ ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xns\ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. 9:29 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: ssZhnI

\ma-ßƒ ImWp-I. hm. 13 ¬ ImWp∂ tbmth¬ 2:32 ¬ \n∂p≈ D≤-cWn CXp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. tbip-

hn\v \nc-h[n i‡-amb \ma-ßƒ \¬In-bn-´p-≠v.

219

1. tbip ain-lm-bmWv/{InkvXp ˛ {]hr. 5:42; 9:22; 17:3; 18:5,28; 1 sImcn. 1:23

2. tbip ssZh-]p-{X-\mWv ˛ aØm. 4:3,6; {]hr. 9:20; 13:33; tdma. 1:4

3. tbip I¿Øm-hmWv ˛ apI-fn-¬ ImWp-I.

{]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: I¿Øm-hns‚ \maw

k`-bn¬ {XntbI ssZh-Øns‚ hy‡n-]-c-amb km∂n-[y-sØbpw kPoh i‡n-sbbpw Ipdn-°p∂

]pXnb \nbaØnse km[m-cW {]tbm-K-am-Wn-Xv. CsXmcp amPnIv t^m¿ap-e-b-√, ssZhn-I-kz-`m-h-

tØm-Sp≈ A`bw sNm√-em-Wv.

Cu {]tbmKw ]e-t∏mgpw tbip-hns\ I¿Øm-hmbn ]cm-a¿in-°p∂p (H.-t\m. ^nen. 2:11)

1. kv\m\-k-a-bØv Hcp-h≥ tbip-hn-ep≈ hnizmkw G‰p-]-d-bp-∂Xv (H.-t\m. tdma. 10:9˛13; {]hr.

2:38; 8:12,16; 10:48; 19:5; 22:16; 1 sImcn. 1:13,15; bmt°m. 2:7)

2. `qX-ßsf ]pd-Øm-°p-∂-Xn¬ (H.-t\m. aØm. 7:22; a¿s°m. 9:38; eqs°m. 9:49; 10:17; {]hr. 19:13)

3. tcmK- ku-Jy-Øn¬ (H.-t\m. {]hr. 3:6, 16; 4:10; 9:34; bmt°m. 5:14)

4. ip{iqjm {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ (H.-t\m. aØm. 10:42; 18:5; eqs°m. 9:48)

5. k`m in£W \S-]-Sn-I-fn¬ (H.-t\m. aØm. 18:15-˛20)

6. PmXn-I-tfmSp kphn-tijw {]kw-Kn-°p-tºmƒ (H.-t\m-. eqs°m. 24:47; {]hr. 9:15; 15:17; tdma. 1:5)

7. {]m¿∞-\-bn¬ (H.-t\m. tbml. 14:13˛14; 15:2,16; 16:23; 1 sImcn. 1:2)

8. {InkvXym-\n-XzsØ ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Hcp am¿§w (H.-t\m. {]hr-. 26:9; 1 sImcn. 1:10; 2

Xnsam. 2:19; bmt°m. 2:7; 1 ]s{Xm. 4:14).

{]kw-K-I¿, ip{iq-j-I-∑m¿, klm-bn-Iƒ, kuJy-Zm-b-I¿, `qXsØ ]pd-Øm-°p-∂-h¿, XpSßn

GsX√mw \ne-I-fn¬ \mw {]h¿Øn-®mepw \mw AXp sNøp-∂Xv Ahs‚ kz`mhw, i‡n, Zm\-ßƒ

F∂n-h-bn-emWv ˛ AYhm Ahs‚ \ma-Øn¬.

""lrZ-bw-sIm≠p hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw'' Cu {]tbmKw G‰p-]-d-bp-∂-Xn\v kam-¥-c-am-Wv, AXn-\m¬ hnizm-

k-Øns‚ Cc´ hi-ßsf kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. ""hniz-kn-°pI'' F∂ thZ-]p-kvXI ]Z-Øn¬ (]n-Ãn-kv, 4:3

sebpw 4:5 sebpw {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-j-b-ßƒ ImWp-I)

1. hy‡n-]-c-amb B{ibw (F-{_m-b)

2. _p≤n-]-c-amb D≈-S°w ({Ko-°v)

3. XpS¿am-\-amb kzta-[bm ka¿∏Ww (H.-t\m. Bh. 30:20)

F∂nh AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

""lrZbw'' F∂ ]Zw apgp hy‡n-sbbpw kqNn-∏n-°p∂ ]gb \nba A¿∞-Øn-emWv D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-

°p-∂-Xv. Cu kμ¿`-Øn¬ ]usemkv ""hmbv,'' ""lrZbw'' F∂nh D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ ImcWw Bh. 30:14 ¬

\n∂p≈ D≤-cWn hm. 8 ¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂p F∂-Xm-Wv. c£n-°-s∏-Sp-hm≥ Hcph≥ hmbvXp-d∂v D®-

Øn¬ \ne-hn-fn-°Ww F∂ hfsc I¿°-i-amb Hcp \nbaw shbv°p-hm-\√ Ah≥ CXn-hnsS tcJ-s∏-Sp-

Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

""ssZhw Ahs\ acn-®-h-cn¬\n∂v Dbn¿∏n®p'' Hgn™ I√d F∂ bmYm¿∞y-Øn-t∑-emWv {InkvXym-

\nXzw \nev°p-∂tXm hogp-∂tXm sNøp-∂Xv (H.-t\m. 4:24; 8:11; 1 sImcn. 15). {]hr-Øn-bnse As∏m-kvX-

enI {]kw-K-ß-fnse tI{μ kXy-a-Xm-bn-cp∂p (sI-dnKvam, 1:2 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWp-I) (A-Xm.

2 31-˛32; 3:15; 4:10; 5:30; 10:40; 13:30,37).

]nXmhv ]p{Xs\ Dbn¿∏n®p F∂Xv tbip-hns‚ Pohn-Xw, D]-tZ-iw, _en F∂n-hsb ]nXmhv AwKo-I-

cn®p F∂-Xns‚ sXfn-hm-Wv. {XnXz-Ønse aq∂v Bf-Xz-ßfpw tbip-hns‚ Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂-ev]n¬ ]¶m-fn-

I-fm-bn-cp∂p F∂v ]pXn-b-\n-baw {]kvXm-hn-°p-∂p.

1. ]nXmhv ˛ {]hr. 2:24; 3:15; 4:10; 5:30; 10:40; 13:30,33,34,37; 17:31; tdma. 6:4,9; 8:11; 10:9; 1 sImcn. 6:14; 2

sImcn. 4:14; Kem. 1:1; Fs^. 1:20; sImsem. 2:12; 1 sX . 1:10.

2. Bflmhv ˛ tdma. 8:11

3. ]p{X≥ ˛ tbml. 2:19˛22; 10:17-˛18

10:10 ""\oXn-°mbn hniz-kn-°bpw'' Hmtcm hnizm-knsb kw_-‘n®pw ssZh-Øn\p≈ e£yw Hcn-°¬

kz¿§w F∂Xp am{X-a-√, Ct∏mƒ {InkvXp-km-Zriyw F∂Xpw IqSn-bmWv! ap≥\n-b-a\w kw_-‘n-®p≈

as‰mcp i‡-amb thZ-`m-Kw, Fs^. 1:3˛14, Cu kXysØ hm. 4 ¬ i‡-ambn {]kvXm-hn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

hnizm-kn-Iƒ hnip-≤cpw \njvI-f-¶cpw BtI-≠-Xn-\mbn Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. Xnc-s™-Sp∏v Hcp

D]-tZiw am{X-a-√, AsXmcp PohnXssien-Iq-sSbmWv (H.-t\m. Bh. 30:15-˛20).

220

hm. 10, alm-\n-tbmKØns‚ (a-Øm. 28:19-˛20) c≠p-hn[ Du∂-en-s\-°p-dn®p ]d-bp∂p: c£bpw (in-jy-cm-

°p-I) \oXnbpw (Rm≥ Iev]n-®-sXm-s°bpw {]am-Wn-∏m≥ D]-tZ-in-°p-I). CtX k¥p-e\w Fs^. 2:8˛9

epw ({In-kvXp-hnse hnizm-k-Øm-ep≈ kuP\y c£) Fs^. 2:10 se ""k¬{]-hr-Øn-Iƒ'' °mbp≈

Blzm-\-hpw. Xs‚ kz¥ kmZr-iy-Øn-ep≈ P\-amWv F√m-bvt]mgpw ssZh-Øns‚ lrZb hmRvO.

10:11 CXv sbi. 28:16 ¬\n∂p≈ D≤-c-Wn-bm-Wv. AXn-t\m-Sp-IqsS ]usemkv ""Hcp-Ø\pw'' F∂p tN¿°p-

∂p. sbi-øm-hn¬ CXv ssZh-Øns‚ aqe-°-√mb ain-lm-bn-ep≈ hnizm-k-sØ-bmWp ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂Xv

(H.-t\m. 9:32-˛33). tdma¿ 9 ssZh-Øns‚ ]c-am-[n-Im-csØ hep-Xm°n ImWn-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se, A[ymbw 10,

hy‡n-I-ƒ, FXp hy‡nbpw F√m hy‡n-Ifpw {InkvXp-hn-t\mSv {]Xn-I-cn-t°≠-Xns‚ Bh-iysØ hep-

Xm°n ImWn-°p-∂p. hm. 4,13 se ""Fh∂pw,'' hm. 11,13 ""F√m-hcpw'' F∂o {]tbm-K-ß-fn¬ Cu km¿Δ-eu-

InI hmKvZm\w ImWp-hm≥ Ignbpw! A[ym-bw 9 se Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´-h¿ F∂ Du∂-ens‚ ssZh-im-

kv{X]-c-amb k¥pe\amWn-Xv.

""Ah-\n¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-h≥'' CXv F]n (epiepiepiepiepi) F∂ KXn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb h¿Øam\Ime I¿Øcn

A]q¿Æ-{InbbmWv (H.-t\m. 4:24; 9:33; 1 Xnsam. 1:16). hniz-kn-°pI F∂Xv Hcp {]mcw` {]hrØn am{X-a-√,

c£bv°v Bh-iy-amb XpS¿am\-amb Hcp hyh-ÿ-Iq-Sn-bmWv! AXv icn-bmb ssZh-im-kv{Xw (kp-hn-tij

kXy-ßƒ) B-sW∂p am{X-a√ `‡n-\n¿`c Pohn-X-Øn\p (kp-hn-tij Pohn-Xw) Imc-W-am-Ip∂ hy‡n-]-

c-amb _‘w (kp-hn-tij hy‡n) IqSn-bm-Wv. kXysØ Pohn-X-Øn¬ \n∂pw \oXo-I-c-WsØ hnip-≤o-

I-c-a-Øn¬\n∂pw am‰n \n¿Øp∂ Ffp-∏-Øn-ep≈ hnizm-ksØ kq£n-°p-I. c£n-°p∂ Hcp hnizmkw

ÿntcm-’m-l-ap-≈Xpw cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xp-amb hnizm-k-amWv! \nXy-Po-h\v \nco-£n-°m-hp∂ khn-

ti-j-X-I-fp≠v! 4:5 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: hniz-kn-°pI ImWp-I.

NASB, TEV ""\ncm-i-s∏-Sp-I-bn√''

NKJV, NRSV ""e÷n-®p-t]m-I-bn√''

NJB ""e÷bv°p Imc-W-an√''

{InkvXp-hn¬ B{i-bn-°p-∂-hsc (""hn-iz-kn-°pI'') Ah≥ X≈n-°-e-bp-I-bn-√. CXv sbi. 28:16 ¬

\n∂p≈ D≤-c-Wn-bm-Wv. 9:33 se ]usem-kns‚ Ah-X-c-W-Øns‚ Xmt°m¬ hmIy-am-Wn-Xv.

10:12 ""sblqZ≥ F∂pw bh\≥ F∂pw hyXymkan√'' ]pXnb \nb-a-Øns‚ apJy Du∂¬ CXmWv (H.-

t\m. tdma. 3:22,29; Kem. 3:28; Fs^. 2:11˛3:13; sImsem. 3:11). GI ssZhw Xs‚ kz¥ {]hr-Øn-I-fn-eqsS

Xs‚ \jvS-s∏´ krjvSnsb hos≠-Sp-Øp. Xs‚ kzcq-]-Øn¬ krjvSn-°-s∏´ kIe a\p-jycpw Xs‚

ASp-°¬ h∂v Xs∂-t∏mse Bbn-Øo-c-W-sa∂v Ah≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂p. kI-ecpw Ahs‚ ASp-°¬

hcs´!

kphn-ti-j-Øns‚ km¿Δ-eu-InI kz`mhw (hm. 12 ¬ ""F√m-h¿°pw'' F∂p c≠p {]mh-iyw) c≠p hi-

tØ°pw apdn-°p∂p

1. sblq-Z\pw PmXnbpw XΩn¬ hyXym-k-an√; F√m-hcpw \jvS-s∏-´-h-cmWv (H.-t\m. 3:9,12,22˛23; 11:32)

2. sblq-Z\pw PmXnbpw XΩn¬ hyXym-k-an√; F√m-h¿°pw c£n-°-s∏-Sp-hm≥ Ignbpw

kphn-tijw kIe am\p-jnI AXn-cp-I-sfbpw \o°p∂p (H.-t\m. tbmth. 2:28-˛29; 1 sImcn. 12:13; Kem. 3:28;

sImsem. 3:11), Ipd-™-]£w c£-bpsS taJ-e-bn-se-¶n-epw.

""kº∂≥ BIp∂p'' {InkvXp-hnep≈ ssZh-Ir-]-sb-°p-dn®v ]usemkv Nn¥n-°p-tºm-sgms° Ah≥

""[\w'' F∂ ]Zw IqsS-°qsS D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p≠v (H.-t\m. 2:4; 9:23; 11:12 [2 {]mhiyw],33; 1 sImcn. 1:5; 2

sImcn. 8:9; Fs^. 1:7,18; 2:7; 3:8,16; ^nen. 4:19; sImsem. 1:27; 2:2).

10:13 tbmth. 2:32 ¬ \n∂p≈ Cu kp{]-kn≤ D≤-c-Wn°v ]usem-kns‚ D]-tbm-K-Øn¬ c≠p ]pXnb

Du∂-ep-Iƒ D≠v

1. tbmth-en¬ btlm-h-bpsS \ma-amWv Dt]m-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. tdmam-te-J-\-Øn¬ ]usemkpw {]hr-

Øn-I-fn¬ ]s{Xmkpw tbip-hns‚ \maw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂p (tbm-l. 12:41 Dw sbi. 6:9˛10; ^nen.

2:9 Dw sbi. 45:22-˛25; tdma. 9:33 Dw sbi. 8:13-˛14 F∂nh ImWp-I).

2. tbmth-en¬ ""c£n-°-s∏-SpI'' F∂Xv imco-cnI hnSp-X-ens\ kqNn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ, tdma-dn¬ AXv

Bflob ]m]-£-a-sbbpw \nXy-Po-h-s\bpw BWv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

""btlm-h-bpsS \maw hnfn-®-t]-£n-°pI'' F∂ ]gb \nba Bibw, Bcm-[\m a[y-Øn¬ ]c-ky-

ambn G‰p-]-d-bp-∂-Xn-s\-bmWv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Cu Bibw {]hr. 7:59; 9:14,21; 22:16; 1 sImcn. 1:2; 2 sflm.

2:22 F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ ImWm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. 1:6 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: hnfn-°s∏´ ImWp-I.

221

tdma¿ 10:14-˛1514F∂m¬ Ah¿ hnizkn°mØhs\ Fßs\ hnfn®t]£n°pw? Ah¿ tIńń√mØh\n¬

Fßs\ hnizkn°pw? {]kwKn°p∂h≥ C√msX Fßs\ tIƒ°pw? 15Bcpw Ab°msX

Fßs\ {]kwKn°pw? ""\∑ kphntijn°p∂hcpsS Im¬ F{X at\mlcw'' F∂p FgpXnbncn-

°p∂pht√m.

10:14-˛15 bn{km-tb¬ Hcn-°epw ssZh-Øns‚ ktμ-i-ß-tfmtSm ktμ-i-hm-l-I-tcmtSm {]Xn-I-cn-®n√ (H.-

t\m. s\sl-aymhv 9; {]hrØn 7) F∂p hy‡n-am-°p∂Xn\mbn ]gb \nba D≤-c-Wn-Isf XpS¿∂v Hcp

Iq´w tNmZy-ß-fm-Wn-Xv. ssZhw ktμ-i-hm-l-Isc Ab®p ({]-hm-N-I-∑m¿, A-s∏m-kvX-e-∑m¿, {]kw-K-I¿,

D]-tZ-jvSm-°ƒ, kphn-ti-j-I-∑m¿). BhiyØn-en-cn-°p∂ temI-Øn\v ssZhw \¬Inb A\p-{K-l-am-bn-

cp∂p Cu ZqXphm-ln-Iƒ. ssZhw Ir]m-]p-c- cw -kphn-tij ktμ-i-Isc Ab°ptºmƒ tIgvhn-°m¿

Ah-cpsS ZqXp-I-tfmSv lrZ-bw-K-a-ambn {]Xn-I-cn-°-Ww. sbi. 52:7 ¬ \n∂p≈ D≤-c-Wn-bp-]-tbm-Kn®v Cu

Nn¥ ]usemkv hy‡-am-°p-∂p. kphn-tij {]kw-K-Isc kqNn-∏n-°p-hm≥ ]gb \nba hmIysØ

]usemkv hymJym-\n-°p-∂p.

c£n-°p∂ hnizm-k-Øn\v \nc-h[n LS-I-ß-fp≠v: (1) hniz-kn-t°≠ Hcp ktμiw; (2) kzoI-cn-t°≠

Hcp hy‡n; (3) {]mcw-`-am-bp-≈Xpw XpS-cp-∂-Xp-amb am\-km-¥-chpw hnizmk {]Xn-I-c-Whpw; (4) A\p-k-c-

W-Øns‚ PohnXw; (5) ÿntcm-’mlw (1:5 se Ipdn∏p ImWp-I).

10:15 sbi. 52:70 ¬\n∂p≈ D≤-c-Wn-bmWv Cu hmIyw. tdma-dnse t{ijvT-\n-tbm-K-am-Wn-Xv. kphn-ti-j-

Øns‚ tIgvhnbmepw AwKo-I-c-W-Øm-ep-amWv c£ hcp-∂-Xv. ""F√m-hcpw'' c£n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n-

bmWv kphn-ti-j-I¿ Ab-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv!

Nne ]pcm-X\ Isø-gp-Øp-{]-Xn-Iƒ (a2, D, F, G F∂nhbpw a‰-t\I ]cn-`m-j-Ifpw) sbi. 52:7 s‚ sk]v‰z-

Pn‚n¬\n-∂p≈ D≤-cWn Iqń-t®¿°p-∂p-≠v. {lkz-]m-T-Øn\v UBS4 “A”td‰nwKv (Dd-∏p-≈-Xv) \¬Ip-∂p.

NASB, NKJVNRSV, NJB ""Imep-Iƒ F{X at\m-lcw''

TEV ""Ah-cpsS hchv F{X A¤p-X-Icw''

NET ""Ah-cpsS BK-a\w F{X IrXy-k-abw''

NET footnote ""IrXy-k-a-bØv AYhm X°-k-a-bØv FØn-t®-cpI''

""at\m-lcw'' F∂ ]Zw Be-¶m-cn-I-`m-j-bn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. ChnsS ImgvNbv°v Fß-s\-bp≠v

F∂-Xn-s\-°mƒ ""kab''b-sØ-bm-Wp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

tdma¿ 10:16- 1716F¶nepw F√mhcpw kphntijw A\pkcn®nń√: ""I¿Ømth, Rßƒ tIƒ∏n®Xp B¿

hnizkn®p'' F∂p sbiømhp ]dbp∂pht√m. 17BIbm¬ hnizmkw tIƒhnbmepw tIƒhn

{InkvXphns‚ hN\Ømepw hcp∂p.

10:16 ]usemkv ho≠pw ]gb \nba {]mh-N-\nI {]kvXm-h\ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p; bYm¿∞-Øn¬ bn{km-tb-

en-t\m-Sp≈ btlm-h-bpsS ZqXns\ kqNn-∏n-°p∂ {]kvXm-h-\sb tbip ain-lm-bpsS kphn-tij ZqPns\

]cm-a¿in-°p-∂-Xmbn hymJym-\n-°p-∂p. ]gb \nba sblq-Z-∑m¿ ssZhnI ZqXns\ X≈n-°-f-™-Xp-t]mse

]usem-kns‚ ImesØ sblq-Z-∑m¿ kphn-ti-jsØ \nc-kn-®p. sbi. 53:1 ¬\n∂p≈ D≤-c-Wn-bmWv

Cu hmIyw. AtXm-sSm∏w sbi. 6:9˛13 sessZ-hnI ktμ-isØ bn{km-tb¬ X≈n-°-f-™-Xn-t\mSv ssZh-

im-kv{X]-c-ambpw CXp _‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p.

10:17 kphn-tijw H∂m-aXv Hcp ZqXmWv (H.-t\m. Kem. 3:2). F∂m¬ {]Jym-]n-°-s∏´ ZqXv Hcp hy‡n-]-c-

amb hN\w, ""kzoI-cn-°-s∏´ {InkvXp-hns‚ hN\w'' B-bn-Øo-cp∂p (H.-t\m. sImsem. 3:15-˛16).

""{InkvXp-hns‚ hN\w'' kμ¿`w t\m°n-bm¬ CXv {]kw-Kn-°-s∏-Sp∂ {InkvXp-hns\°pdn-®p≈ hN-

\-am-Wv. temI-Øn-\p-th-≠n- {InkvXp-hn-ep≈ Xs‚ kuP-\y-Zm-\sØ {]Jym-]n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ssZh-Øns‚

hgn-bmWv kphn-tij {]kw-Kw.

Cu `mKØv ]pcm-X\ Isø-gpØp {]Xn-I-fn¬ hyXym-k-ap-≠v.

1. IsøgpØp {]XnIƒ P46, a*, B, C, D* F∂n-h-bn¬ ""{InkvXp-hns‚ hN\w'' F∂mWv

2. IsøgpØp {]XnIƒ ac, A, Dc, K, P F∂n-h-bn¬ ""ssZhØns‚ hN\w'' F∂mWv

H∂m-a-tØ-XmWv G‰hpw Akm-[m-c-W-ambXv (H.-t\m. sImsem. 3:16) AXn-\m¬ AXm-bn-cn°mw aqe-Ir-Xn-

222

bn-ep-≈Xv (]m-T-\n-cq-]-W-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\ \nb-a-ß-fn-sem-∂m-Wn-Xv). CXn\v UBS4 “A”td‰nwKv (Dd-∏p-≈-

Xv) \¬Ip-∂p. ]pXnb \nb-a-Øn¬ CXp ImWp∂ c≠m-asØ ÿew CXm-Wv. c≠m-a-sØ, ""ssZhØns‚

hN\w'' F∂Xv At\I {]mhiyw ImWp-∂p≠v (H.-t\m. eqs°m. 3:2; tbml. 3:34; Fs^. 6:17; F{_m. 6:5;

11:3).

tdma¿ 9:18-˛2118F∂m¬ Ah¿ tIń√tbm F∂p Rm≥ tNmZn°p∂p. tIńcn°p∂p \n›bw: ""AhcpsS

\mZw k¿Δ`qanbnepw AhcpsS hN\w qXeØns‚ A‰tØmfhpw ]c∂p.'' 19F∂m¬ bn{kmtb¬

{Kln®n√tbm F∂p Rm≥ tNmZn°p∂p. ""P\a√mØhscs°m≠p Rm≥ \nßƒ°p Fcnhp

hcpØpw; aqVPmXnsbs°m≠p \nßƒ°p tIm]w P\n∏n°pw'' F∂p H∂maXp tamsi ]dbp∂p.20sbiømthm: ""Fs∂ At\zjn°mØh¿ Fs∂ Is≠Øn; Fs∂ tNmZn°mØh¿°p Rm≥

{]Xy£\mbn'' F∂p ss[cytØmsS ]dbp∂p. 21bn{kmtbens\°pdnt®m: ""A\pkcn°mØXpw

adpØp]dbp∂Xpamb P\Øn¶te°p Rm≥ CShnSmsX ssI\oń'' F∂p Ah≥ ]dbp∂p.

10:18 an° sblq-Z-∑mcpw ZqXp tI´-Xm-I-bm¬ AXp Xnc-kvI-cn-®-Xn-\p≈ DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw Ah¿°p-X-s∂-bm-

sW-∂mWv Cu hmIyw {]kvXm-hn-°p-∂Xv (Du-∂n-e-\mbn {Ko°n¬ Cc´ \ntj-[-amWv sImSp-Øn-´p-≈Xv;

tNmZyw ""C√'' F∂ DØ-c-amWv {]Xo-£n-°p-∂-Xv). {]iv\w A⁄-X-b-√, a\-∏q¿Δ-amb Ahn-izm-k-

amWv!

]usemkv k¶o. 19:4 D≤-cn-°p-∂p. Cu k¶o¿Ø-\-Øn¬ 1˛6 hmIy-ßƒ, krjvSn-bn¬ shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-

s∏´ {]Ir-Xn-bnse shfn-∏m-Sns\ kqNn-∏n-°p∂p (H.-t\m. tdma¿ 1˛2). ]usemkv hcp-Øp∂ am‰-ßƒ

1. km¿Δ-eu-InI km£n (""k¿Δ-`q-an-bnepw,'' ""`qX-e-Øns‚ A‰-tØm-fhpw'')

2. ZqXv Adn-bn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ am¿§w krjvSn-bpsS \ni_vZ i_vZw apX¬ kphntij {]kw-K-I¿

hsc-bmWv (A-s∏m-kvX-e-∑m¿, {]hm-N-I-∑m¿, kphn-ti-j-I-∑m¿, ]mÃ¿, D]-tZ-jvSm-°-∑m¿, H.-t\m. Fs^.

4:11). AXv {]tXyI shfn-∏m-Sn¬ Dƒs∏ń-cn-°p∂p (H.-t\m. k¶o. 19:8˛14)

{][m\ Nn¥, kphn-tij ktμiw ]usem-kns‚ Ime-Øp≈ Adn-bs∏Sp∂ tZi-ß-fnse√mw FØn

F∂-XmWv ({Ko°v-˛-tdmam {]tZ-iw). d∫n-am-cpsS hymJym-\coXn ]usemkv D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p; Xs‚ ssZh-

im-kv{X-]-c-amb Dt±-iy-Øn-\p-th≠n Ah≥ bYm¿∞ ]gb \nba kμ¿`-Øn\p am‰w hcp-Øp-∂p. a‰v

As∏m-kvX-e-∑m-sc-t∏mse, ]usem-kns‚ ]gb \nba D]-tbm-Khpw AXp-ey-amw-hn[w ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-

\m¬ \nb-{¥n-°-s∏-ń-cp∂psh∂v hy‡-ambn ]dp-hm≥ Ignbpw (H.-t\m. 2 ]s{Xm. 1:20-˛21). ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-

hns‚ {]Im-i-\-Øn≥Io-gn-ep≈ C∂sØ hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v ]pXnb \nba Fgp-Øp-Im-cpsS hymJym\ coXn-

Isf ]p\xkr-jvSn-°m≥ Ign-I-bn-√.

{]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: {]Im-i\w""ssZhw ]q¿ΔImeØv a\p-jy\v Xs∂Øs∂ hy‡-ambn shfn-s∏-Sp-Øphm≥ {]h¿Øn-®p. ssZh-

im-kv{X-Øn¬ CXns\ shfn-∏mSv F∂p hnfn-°p-∂p. Cu kzb˛shfn-∏m-Sns\ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øphm\pw hni-

Zo-I-cn-°p-hm\pw Ah≥ Nne a\p-jysc Xnc-s™-Sp-Øp. ssZhim-kv{X-Øn¬ CXns\ ssZh-\n-izm-kobX

F∂p hnfn-°p-∂p. Xs‚ hN\w a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn\v hmb-\-°msc klm-bn-°p∂Xn\mbn Ahs‚

Bflm-hns\ Ab-®p. ssZh-im-kv{X-Øn¬ CXns\ {]Im-i\w F∂p hnfn-°p-∂p. ssZh-h-N\w a\- n-

em-°p∂ hnj-b-Øn¬ Bflmhv CS-s]Sp∂p F∂p \mw ]d-bp-tºmƒ Db-cp∂ {]iv\w ˛ ]ns∂ F¥p-

sIm≠v C{X-b-[nIw hymJym-\-ßƒ D≠m-Ip∂p?

{]iv\-Øns‚ Hcp `mKw, hmb-\-°m-cs‚ ap≥-˛-[m-c-W-I-fntem hy‡n-]-c-amb A\p-`-h-ß-fntem

ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p. an°-t∏mgpw Nne ss__nƒ hmIy-ßƒ am{X-sa-SpØv hy‡n-]-c-amb Hcp

hnj-b-Øn\p adp-]Sn Is≠-Øp-∂p. ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-amb {]tXyI Nn¥m-K-Xn-bp-≈-h¿ Nne {]tXyI

coXn-bn¬ am{Xw B hnj-b-Øn¬ ss__nƒ kwkm-cn-°p-hm≥ A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂p. {]Im-i-\-Ønepw

ssZh-\n-izm-ko-b-X-bnepw ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhv CS-s]-ń-cn-°p-∂p-sh-¶nepw {]Im-i\sØ Hcn-°epw ssZh-

\n-izm-ko-b-X-tbmSp Xpe-\-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ign-Ibn-√.

G‰hpw \√ kao-]-\w, ]mT-Øns‚ Hmtcm hni-Zmw-i-hpw hymJym-\n-°msX, Hcp JWvUn-I-bpsS

tI{μ- B-ibw Is≠-Øp-hm≥ {ian-°pI F∂-XmWv. AXm-bn-cn°pw bYm¿∞- FgpØpIm-cs‚ tI{μ-

k-XysØ IrXy-ambn {]Xn-^-en-∏n°p-∂-Xv. ]pkvX-I-Øns‚tbm kmln-Xy-cq-]-Øns‚tbm cq]-tcJ

Xøm-dm-°p-∂Xv bYm¿∞ Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚ cN-t\m-t±iyw a\- n-em-°p-hm≥ klm-b-I-c-am-Wv. Hcp

hymJym-Xmhn\pw ssZh-\n-izm-ko-b-X-bn-√. thZ-]pkvXI Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚ hymJym\ amXrI ]p\-cm-hn-

jvI-cn-°m≥ \ap-°m-hn-√. -A-h-cpsS ImeØv Ah¿ F¥mWv ]d-™-sX∂p a\- n-em-°m≥ {ian-°p-

223

Ibpw B kXy-Øn\v \ΩpsS Ime-L-´-Øn-ep≈ {]k‡n Fs¥∂v Is≠-Øp-Ibpw sNøm≥ \ap°p

Ignbpw, AXmWp sNtø-≠Xpw. Zp¿{K-lhpw ad-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-amb `mK-ßƒ ss__n-fn-ep≠v (Hcp

{]tXyI kabw AYhm Ime-L´w hsc). Nne ]mT-ß-sfbpw hnj-b-ß-sfbpw kw_-‘n®v Ft∏mgpw

hntbm-Pn-∏pIfpw D≠mImw. F∂n-cp-∂mepw tI{μ-k-Xy-ßsf \mw hy‡-ambn {]kvXm-hn-°p-Ibpw

bYm¿∞ Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚ Dt±-iy-Øns‚ AXn¿Øn-°p-≈n¬ \n∂p-sIm≠p hy‡n-]-c-amb hymJym-\-

ßƒ°pw kzmX{¥yw \¬Ip-Ibpw thWw. hymJym-Xm-°ƒ Xßƒ°p e`n® shfn-®-Øn¬ \S-°p-

Ibpw ss__n-fn¬ \n∂pw Bflm-hn¬ \n∂pw IqSp-X¬ shfn-®-Øn\mbn Xpd∂ a\- p-≈-h-cm-bn-cn-

°bpw thWw. ssZhw \sΩ hn[n-°p-∂Xv \ΩpsS Adnhns‚ \ne-hm-c-Øn\pw B Adn-hn-\-\p-k-cn®v

\mw Pohn-°p-∂pt≠m F∂-Xn\pw A\p-k-cn-®m-bn-cn-°pw.

10:19˛20 sblq-Z-∑m¿ tamsi-bn¬\n∂p t]mepw ZqXp tIń-´p≠v (hm. 18 Dw 19 Dw ""C√'' F∂ DØcw {]Xo-

£n-°p∂ tNmZy-ß-fm-Wv). F√m-hcpw ssZh-tØmSp \nc-∏m-tIWw F∂ hnizmk ktμiw sblq-Z-∑m¿

tIń-´p-s≠∂p am{X-a-√ -A-h¿°Xpw a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-hp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

Cu hmIy-ß-fn¬, ssZhw Xs‚ DS-ºSn P\-tØmSv PmXn-Isf Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp∂ Imcyw kwkm-cn-°p-∂p.

hm. 19 ¬ Bh. 32:21 sebpw hm. 20-˛21 ¬ sbi. 65:1˛2 sebpw hmIy-ßƒ D≤-cn-®p-sIm-≠mWv CXp sNøp-

∂-Xv. PmXn-Isf Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ sRń-°p∂ kXyw -{]kvXm-hn-®Xv sb-lq-Z-∑m-cn¬ Akqb

P\n-∏n®v Ahsc hnizm-k-Øn-te°p \bn-°p-∂-Xn-\p- th-≠n-bm-bn-cp∂p (H.-t\m. 11:11,14).

10:21 sbi. 65:2 s‚ sk]v‰z-Pn‚n-¬\n∂p≈ D≤-c-Wn-bmWv Cu hmIyw. DS-ºSn P\w btlm-hsb X≈n-°-

f-™-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®m-WnXv (H.-t\m. sbi. 65:1˛7). ssZhw hniz-kvX-\m-bn-cp∂p; bn{km-tb-em-Is´ Ahn-iz-

kvX-cpw. Ah-cpsS Ahn-iz-kvXX Ign™ Ime-ß-fn¬ tZi-Øn-t∑epw hy‡n-I-fp-sS-taepw \ymb-hn-[n°p

Imc-W-ambn F¶nepw {InkvXp-hn-ep≈ hnizm-k-Øm¬ e`n-°p∂ ssZhnI \oXnsb Ah¿ X≈n-°-f-™Xv

\nXy-\ym-b-hn-[n°p Imc-W-ambn!









1. ssZh-Øns‚ Xnc-s™-Sp∏v A{X \n¿Æm-b-I-am-sW-¶n¬ ]usemkv F¥p-sIm-≠mWv 10:1 ¬ bn{km-

tb-en-\p-th≠n {]m¿∞n-°p-∂Xv? F¥p-sIm-≠mWv 10:9˛13 am\p-jnI {]Xn-I-c-WsØ kw_-‘n®v

C{X-b-[nIw Du∂¬ \¬Ip-∂Xv?

2. hm. 4 F¥mWv A¿∞-am-°p-∂Xv? ""{InkvXp \ymb-{]-amW-Øn\v A¥yw hcp-Øntbm?''

3. 10:9˛10 se hnizm-k-Øn¬ AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ LS-I-ßƒ Fs¥-√m-amWv?

4. ]usemkv ]gb \nb-a-Øn¬\n∂pw IqsS-°qsS D≤-cn-°p-∂-sX¥p-sIm-≠mWv? {][m-\-ambpw PmXn-

Iƒ Dƒs∏´ tdmanse k`-tbmSv CsX-ß-s\-bmWv _‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂Xv?

5. hm. 11-˛13 Fß-s\-bmWv A[ymbw 9 t\mSp _‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂Xv?

6. hm. 14-˛15 Fß-s\-bmWv temI-kp-hn-ti-jo-I-c-WtØmSp _‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂Xv?

7. A[ymbw 10 ¬, a\p-jys‚ kzX{¥ C— a\pjys‚ c£-bpsS `mK-am-sW∂v Fß-s\-bmWp shfn-

s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv?

224

bn{kmtbense bn{kmtbens‚ bn{kmtbens‚ bn{kmtbent∑¬ bn{kmtbense

tijn∏v Xnc-kvI-cWw Xnc-kvI-cWw ssZh-Øns‚ tijn∏v

]q¿Æa√ A¥n-a-a√ IcpW

11:1˛10 11:1˛10 11:1˛10 11:1˛6 11:1˛6

11:7˛10 11:7˛10

PmXn-I-fpsS c£ bn{kmtbens‚ sblq-Z-∑m¿

Xnc-kvI-cWw `mhn-bn¬ bYm

A¥n-a-a√ ÿm\s∏Spw

11:11- 12 11:13- 36 11:11- 12 11:11- 12 11:11- 12

PmXn-I-fpsS c£

11:13- 16 11:13- 16 11:13- 15 11:13- 15

sblq-Z≥ Ct∏m

gpw Xnc-s™Sp

°s∏´ P\w Xt∂

Henhp-a-c-Øns‚ 11:16- 18 11:16- 24

kmZriyw

11:17- 24 11:17- 24

11:19- 24

bn{km-tb-ens‚ bn{km-tb¬ apgp F√m-h-tcm-Sp-ap≈ sblq-Zs‚

bYm-ÿm-]\w h\pw c£n-°-s∏Spw ssZh-Øns‚ IcpW am\-km-¥cw

11:25-˛32 11:25-˛32 11:25-˛32 11:25-˛29

11:30-˛32

ssZh-Øn\p kvXpXn ssZh-Øns‚

Icp-Wbv°pw

⁄m\-Øn\p

ap≈ KoXw

11:33-˛36 11:33-˛36 11:33-˛36 11:33-˛36
















4. BZnbmbh

225

]›m-Øe Dƒ°m-gvN-IƒA. Xncs™Sp∏pw kphn-ti-jhpw XΩn-ep≈ sshcp-≤ym-flI _‘w A[ymbw 11 ¬ XpS-cp-∂p. ]gb

\nba Xnc-s™-Sp∏v ip{iq-j-bv°p-th-≠n-bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬, ]pXnb \nbw Xncs™Sp∏v c£-bv°p-

th-≠n-bmWv (\n-ß-fpsS I¨tIm¿U≥kv ]cn-tim-[n-°p-I). Hc¿∞-Øn¬ hnizm-kn-Iƒ Htc-k-

abw ssZhnI IpSpw-_ambpw (]p-Xnb \nb-aw) ip{iq-j-bv°mbpw hnfn-°-s∏-Sp∂p (]-gb \nb-aw).

Xnc-s™-Sp∏v kaq-l-ambpw hy‡n-]-c-ambpw, km[-Im-fl-Ihpw \ntj-[m-fl-Ihpw (bm-t°m_v/bn{km-

tb¬˛G-imhv/FtZmw; tamsi/^d-thm≥) BWv.- B-Xy-¥n-I-ambn kwL¿jw, ssZh-Øns‚ ]c-am-

[n-Im-chpw a\p-jys‚ kzX{¥ C—bpw XΩn¬ am{X-a-√, ssZh-Øns‚ kz`m-h-Øn¬ Xs∂-bp-≠v.

A[ymbw 9˛11 ho≠pw ho≠pw ssZh-Øns‚ Icp-Wsbbpw a\p-jy-s‚b a’-c-sØbpw Du∂n-∏-d-

bp-∂p. ssZhw hniz-kvX≥, a\p-jy¿ Ahn-iz-kvX¿.

Xncs™Sp∏v Nnesc Hgn-hm-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Hcp D]-tZ-i-a√ adn-®v, (1) hmKvZ-Ø-ß-tfmSpw (2) DS-º-

Sn-bpsS D]-⁄m-Xm-hmb ssZh-Øns‚ ]p{X-t\mSpw {]Xn-I-cn-°p-∂-h-cpsS {]Xym-i, kpc-£n-X-Xzw,

Dd∏v F∂n-h-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-am-Wv.

B. A-[ymbw 9 ¬ ]usemkv ssZh-Øns‚ ]c-am-[n-Im-c-sØbpw kzmX-{¥y-sØbpw {]kvXm-hn-®p. DS-

ºSn _‘-Øn¬ t]mepw ssZhw kzX-{¥-\m-Wv. A[ymbw 10 ¬, ssZhnI hmKvZ-Ø-ß-sfbpw DS-º-

Sn-sbbpw kzoI-cn-°p-hmt\m X≈p-hmt\m D≈ kzmX{¥yw sblq-Z-\p-s≠∂v ]usem-kv {]kvXm-hn-

®p. Ah¿ Ahn-iz-kvX-cm-sW∂p sXfn-bn-°p-Ibpw ssZhnI hmKvZ-Ø-ß-sfbpw DS-º-Sn-sbbpw X≈n-

°-f-bp-Ibpw sNbvX-Xn-\m¬, Hc¿∞-Øn¬ ssZh-Øm¬ Xnc-kvI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bmWp sNbvX-Xv. F¶n-

epw, A[ymbw 11 ¬ ]usemkv bn{km-tb-ens‚ Ahn-iz-kvX-X-bpsS a[y-Ønepw D≈ ssZh-Øns‚

hniz-kvX-Xsb Du∂n-∏-d-bp-∂p (H.-t\m. Bh¿Ø\w 8).

C. h¿Ø-am-\-Im-e-Øn-se-∂-t]mse `qX-Im-e-Øn-epw, Hcp sblqZm tijn∏v ssZh-Øns‚ ain-lm-bn-¬

hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw Ah\nep≈ hnizm-ksØ \ne-\n¿Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]usemkv Xs∂ CXn-\p-

Zm-l-c-W-am-bn-cp-∂p. Nne Ahn-izm-kn-I-fmb sblq-Z-∑m-cpsS Xnc-kvI-cWw hniz-kn-°p∂ PmXn-I-

fpsS Dƒs∏-Sp-Ø-en\p Imc-W-am-bn-Øo¿∂p. PmXn-I-fpsS Dƒs∏-Sp-Ø¬ (1) ssZh-P-\-Øns‚ ]q¿Øo-

I-c-W-Øn\pw (2) sblq-Z\pw PmXnbpw Dƒs∏´ ssZh-Øns‚ Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´-h-cpsS ]q¿Æ-kwJy

tNcp-hm\pw Imc-W-am-bn-Øo¿∂p. PmXn-I-fpsS Dƒs∏-Sp-Ø¬, ssZh-Øns‚ ainlm Bb tbip-

hn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-Xn\v sblq-Zs\ t{]cn-∏n-®p.

D. A-[ymbw 9, 10 ¬ F∂-t]mse A[ymbw 11 epw \nc-h[n ]gb \nba D≤-c-Wn-Iƒ ]usemkv D]-

tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

1. hm. 3 ˛ 1 cmPm. 19:14

2. hm. 4 ˛ 1 cmPm. 19:18

3. hm. 8 ˛ sbi. 29:10; Bh. 29:4

4. hm. 9 ˛ k¶o. 69:22

5. hm. 10 ˛ k¶o. 69:23

6. hm. 26 ˛ sbi. 59:20-˛21

7. hm. 27 ˛ sbi. 27:9

8. hm. 34 ˛ sbi. 40:13-˛14

9. hm. 35 ˛ Ctøm. 35:7; 41:11

]Z, ssieo ]T\wtdma¿ 11:1˛6

1F∂m¬ ssZhw kzP\sØ X≈n°f™pthm F∂p Rm≥ tNmZn°p∂p. Hcp\mfpw C√;

Rm\pw bn{kmtbey\t√m; A{_mlmans‚ k¥Xnbn¬ s_\ymao≥tKm{XØn¬ P\n®h≥

Xt∂. 2ssZhw ap∂dn™n´p≈ Xs‚ P\sØ X≈n°f™n´n√. Geobmhns‚ Ncn{XØn¬

XncpshgpØp ]dbp∂Xp Adnbp∂n√tbm? 3Ah≥ bn{kmtben∂p hntcm[ambn: ""I¿Ømth,

Ah¿ \ns‚ {]hmNI∑msc sIm∂p \ns‚ bmK]oTßsf CSn®pIf™p; Rm≥ HcpØ≥ am{Xw

tijn®ncn°p∂p; Ah¿ F\n°pw Pohlm\n hcpØphm≥ t\m°p∂p'' F∂p ssZhtØmSp hmZn-

°p-tºmƒ 4Ah∂p Acpf∏mSp D≠mbXp F¥p? ""_men∂p ap´pIpØmØ Ggmbncw t]sc

Rm≥ F\n°mbn tijn∏n®ncn°p∂p'' F∂p Xt∂. 5Aßs\ Cu ImeØnepw Ir]bmep≈

Xncs™-Sp∏n≥{]Imcw Hcp tijn∏p≠p. 6Ir]bm¬ F¶n¬ {]hrØnbme√; As√¶n¬ Ir]

Ir]b√.

226

11:1 ""ssZhw kzP\sØ X≈n°f™pthm'' Cu tNmZyw ""C√'' F∂ DØcw {]Xo-£n-°p-∂p. hm. 1˛10

¬ Cu tNmZy-Øn-\p≈ DØcw ]usemkv \¬Ip-∂p. Cu `mKw ]usem-kns‚ ap≥ hmZ-K-Xn-tbmSp _‘-

s∏-´-Xm-Wv. A. 9˛11 Hcp kmln-Xy-L-S-I-sØ, \ne-hn-ep≈ hmZsØ {]Xn-\n-[m\w sNøp-∂p.

""X≈n-°-f-bpI'' (`q-X-Ime a[y[2 {]mhiyw] kqN-Iw) F∂p X¿÷a sNbvXn-cn-°p∂ ]ZØns‚

ASn-ÿm\ A¿∞w ""\nc-kn-°pI'' AYhm ""Fdn-™p-I-f-bpI'' F∂m-Wv. AXv D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂ ÿe-

ßƒ

1. {]hr. 7:39 ˛ acp-`q-an-bn¬ bn{km-tb¬ tamsi-bpsS t\Xr-XzsØ \nc-kn-®Xv

2. {]hr. 13:46 ˛ At¥ym-Iy-bnse ]nkn-Zy-bn-ep≈ ]≈n-bn¬sh®v sblq-Z-∑m¿ ]usem-kns‚ {]kw-

KsØ \nc-kn-®Xv

3. 1 Xnsam. 1:19 ˛ Fs^-skm-knse k`-bn-ep≈ Nne AwK-ßƒ Ah-cpsS hnizmkw X≈n-°-f™v

hnizm-k-°-∏¬ XI¿ØXv (D-Zm. lpa-\-tbmkpw Ase-Ivk-¥-cpw)

btlmh bn{km-tb-ens\ X≈n-°-f-™n-√. bn{km-tb-emWv Ah-cpsS XpS¿am-\-amb A\p-k-c-W-t°-

Sv, hn{K-lm-cm-[-\, Ct∏mƒ kzb-\o-Xn-bpsS \nb-a-hmZw F∂n-h-bn-eqsS btlm-hsb X≈n-°-f-™-Xv.

]pcm-X\ {Ko°v ]m∏n-dkv Isø-gp-Øp-{]-Xn-bmb P46 hen-b-£c Isø-gpØp {]Xn-I-fmb F, GF∂nhbn¬ ""P\w'' F∂-Xn-\p-]-Icw ""Ah-Imiw'' F∂mWp ImWp-∂Xv F∂Xv Xmev]-cy-P-\-I-am-Wv.

AXv k¶o. 94:14 s‚ sk]v‰z-Pn‚n¬\n-∂p≈XmWv. ""P\w'' F∂-Xn\v UBS4 “A”td‰nwKv (Dd-∏p-≈-Xv)

\¬Ip∂p.

""Hcp\mfpw C√'' km¶-ev]nI FXn-cm-fn-bpsS tNmZy-ßsf X≈n-°-f-bp-∂-Xn-\p≈ ]usem-kns‚ ]Xnhv

ssien-bm-WnXv (U-bm-ss{S-_v, H.-t\m. 3:4,6,31; 6:2,15; 7:7,13; 9:14; 11:1,11).

""Rm\pw bn{kmtbey\t√m'' hniz-kn-°p∂ Hcp sblqZ tijn-∏p-s≠∂p sXfn-bn-°p-∂-Xn\v ]usemkv

Xs∂-Øs∂ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. ]usem-kns‚ sblqZ ]›m-Øew kw_-‘n®v IqSp-X¬ kqN-\-Iƒ°v

^nen. 3:5 ImWp-I.

11:2 ""ssZhw ap∂-dn-™n- p≈'' ssZhw bn{km-tb-ens\ Xnc-s™-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ hy‡-

amb kqN-\-bm-Wn-Xv. 8:29 se Ipdn∏p ImWp-I. hm. 4˛6 set∏mse CXv hmZsØ A[ymbw 9 te°p

Xncn®p sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-∂p. bn{km-tb-ens‚ {]hr-Øn-b√ Xmt°m¬, adn®v ssZh-Øns‚ Xnc-s™-Sp-∏m-Wv.

ssZhw Xs‚ hmKvZ-Ø-ß-tfmSp hniz-kvX-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv bn{km-tb-ens‚ {]hr-Øn-Iƒ \nan-Ø-a-√, Xm≥

BcmWv F∂-Xns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-Wv (H.-t\m. sbsl. 36:22-˛32).

""Xs‚ P\sØ X≈n°f™nń√'' CXv k¶o. 94:14s‚ kqN-\-bmImw (H.-t\m. Bh. 31:6; 1 iaq. 12:22;

1 cmPm. 6:13; hnem. 3:31-˛32). hm. 1 se tNmZy-Øn-\p≈ hy‡-amb DØ-c-am-Wn-Xv.

""XncpshgpØp ]dbp∂Xv'' CXv 1 cmPm. 19:10 ¬ ImWp-∂, Cuk-t_-ens‚ òj-Wnsb XpS¿∂v Geo-

bmhv HmSn-t∏m-Ip-∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ ]cm-a¿i-am-Wv.

11:4 ""_men∂p'' CXv ]p√nwK \ma-tØm-Sp-Iq-Snb kv{XoenwK hnth-N-I-t`-Z-I-am-Wv. CXn\p ImcWw sblq-

Z-∑m¿ ]cn-lm-k-tZym-X-I-ambn PmXob tZmh-∑m-cpsS \ma-ß-fpsS hyRvP-\m-£-c-ß-tfm-Sp-IqsS ""e÷''

(t_m-si-Øv) F∂ kv{XoenwK ]Z-Øns‚ kzcm-£-c-ßƒ tN¿Øv D®-cn-®n-cp-∂p F∂-Xm-Wv.

""Ggmbncw t]sc Rm≥ F\n°mbn tijn∏n®ncn°p∂p'' ""F-\n-°mbn'' F∂Xv, 1 cmPm. 19:18 s‚

atkm-dn-‰nIv F{_mb ]mT-Øn¬ ImWp-∂n√ (]u-sem-kv atkm-sd-‰nIv ]mT-tam sk]v‰z-Pnt‚m D≤-cn-°p-

∂n√), adn®v ssZh-Øns‚ Xnc-s™-Sp-∏n\v Cu∂¬ \¬Ip-hm≥ ]usemkv Iqń-t®¿°p-∂-XmWv. 1 cmPm.

19:18 se hnizkvX tijn-∏ns\ Ah-cpsS _m¬ Bcm-[-\-bpsS Xnc-kvI-c-W-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-e√

ssZh-Øns‚ Xnc-s™-Sp-∏ns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWp ho£n-°p-∂-Xv.

]usemkv apt∂m-´p-h-bv°p∂ hmZ-KXn, Gen-bm-hns‚ ImesØ Ahn-iz-kvX, hn{K-lm-cm-[n-I-fmb

bn{km-tb-en-s‚-bn-S-bnepw Hcp sNdnb Iq´w hnizm-kn-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]usem-kns‚ ImeØpw sNb-

lq-Z-P-\-Øn¬ Hcp hnizmk tijn∏v D≠v (9:27-˛28 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWp-I). Hmtcm Ime-L-

´Ønepw Nne sblq-Z-∑m¿ hnizm-k-Øm¬ {]Xn-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v. hniz-kn-°p∂ Cu sblq-Z-∑m¿ ssZh-Øns‚

Icp-W-bmepw Ir]-bmepw i‡n {]m]n-®-h-cm-bn-cp∂p F∂v ]usemkv {]kvXm-hn-°p∂p (H.-t\m. hm. 5˛6).

11:5˛6 Ch Xmt°m¬ hmIy-ß-fm-Wv. Ch ]gb \nb-a-Øn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ ap≥Ime {]hr-Øn-Isf Ct∏m-

gsØ kml-N-cy-ß-tfmSv _‘n-∏n-°p-∂p. _‘n-∏n-°p∂ IÆn F∂-Xv, Icp-W- {]Im-c-ap≈ ssZhnI Xnc-

s™-Sp-∏mWv (H.-t\m. 9:15,16,18; 11:30,31,32). ssZh-Øns‚ Ir]-bv°mWv ap≥K-W-\, F¶nepw a\p-jys‚

hnizmkw A\n-hm-cy-amWv (H.-t\m. a¿s°m. 1:15; {]hr. 3:16,19; 20:21), F∂n-cp-∂mepw am\p-jnI {]I-S-\-ß-

fn¬ ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-tX-bn√ (H.-t\m. Fs^. 2:8˛9; 2 Xnsam. 1:9; XosØm. 3:5). A[ymbw 9˛11 DSo-f-

ap≈ ]usem-kns‚ hmZß-fn¬ Cu kXy-ßƒ \n¿Æm-b-I-am-Wv.

11:6 ""F¶n¬'' CXv Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚ ho£-W-Øn¬ kXy-am-btXm As√-¶n¬ Ahs‚ cN-t\m-t±-iy-Øn\p

227

th≠n-bp-≈tXm Bb H∂mwXcw tkm]m-[nI hmN-I-am-Wv. c£ ssZh-Øns‚ Ir]-bm¬ e`n-°p-∂-XmWv

(3:24 se Ipdn∏v ImWp-I, H.-t\m. 6:23; Fs^. 2:8,9).

sI.-sP.-hn. hm. 6 t\msSm∏w Hcp D]-kw-lmc hmNIw IqsS tN¿°p-∂p≠v: ""Ir]bm¬ F¶n¬

{]hrØnbme√; As√¶n¬ Ir] Ir]b√.'' G‰hpw ]pcm-X\ Isø-gpØp {]Xn-I-fmb P46, a*, A, C, D, G,P F∂nhbnepw ]pcm-X\ eØo≥ ]Xn-∏p-I-fnepw Cu hmIyw ImWp-∂n-√. F∂m¬ Cu hmN-I-Øns‚

as‰mcp cq]w ac, B F∂n-h-bn¬ ImWmw. Ah Hgn-hm-°n-b-Xn\v UBS4 “A”td‰nwKv (Dd-∏p-≈-Xv) \¬Ip∂p

tdma¿ 11:7˛107BIbm¬ F¥p? bn{kmtb¬ Xm≥ Xnc™Xp {]m]n®n√; Xncs™Sp°s∏´h¿ AXp

{]m]n®p; tijap≈htcm ITn\s∏´ncn°p∂p. 8""ssZhw Ah¿°p C∂phsc KmV\n{Zbpw

ImWmØ IÆpw tIƒ°mØ sNhnbpw sImSpØp'' F∂p FgpXnbncn°p∂pht√m. 9""AhcpsS

tai Ah¿°p IWnbpw IpSp°pw CS¿®bpw {]XnImchpambnØocs´; 10AhcpsS IÆp ImWmX

hÆw Ccp≠pt]mIs´; AhcpsS apXpIp F√mbvt]mgpw Ip\nbnt°Wta'' F∂p ZmhoZpw ]dbp∂p.

11:22 ""bn{kmtb¬ Xm≥ Xnc™Xp {]m]n®n√'' ]usem-kns‚ Nn¥-bv°v Du∂¬ \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\mbn

CXv {Ko°p-]m-T-Øn¬ BZy-amWp sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. At\I sblq-Z-∑m¿ ssZh-hp-ambn \nc∏p {]m]n-

°m≥ B{K-ln®p; Ah-cXv aX-]-c-amb BNm-c-ßƒ, hwiob t{ijvT-X, kzb-˛-{]-bXv\w F∂n-h-bn-eqsS

t\Sp-hm-\mWv {ian-®-Xv. Ah¿ e£y-Øn-se-Øn-bn√! Hcp PUØn\pw- ssZ-h-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ {]iw-kn°m≥

Ign-I-bn√ (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 1:29; Fs^. 2:9).

NASB ""Xncs™Sp°s∏´h¿ AXp {]m]n®p''

NKJV ""Xncs™Sp°s∏´h¿ AXp t\Sn''

NRSV ""Xncs™Sp°s∏´h¿ AXp t\Sn''

TEV ""ssZhw Xnc-s™-SpØ sNdnb kwL-amWv AXp Is≠-Øn-bXv''

NJB ""Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´ Ipd-®p-t]¿''

CXv ""tijn∏v'' F∂ ]gb \nba Bi-b-amWv (9:27-˛28 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWp-I). 1 cmPm.

19:18 se 7,000 t]sc-bmWv ChnsS ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂-Xv. am\p-jnI {]I-S-\-tam, hwi-tam, aX-]-c-amb Xo{h-

Xtbm A√ Xmt°m¬ (hm. 6) adn-®v, Xncs™Sp∏n-ep≈ ssZh-Ir-]-bmWv (H.-t\m. Fs^. 1:3˛14).

""tijap≈htcm ITn\s∏´ncn°p∂p'' CXv `qXIme I¿ΩWn kqNIamWv (H.-t\m. 2 sImcn. 3:14).

ssZhw Ahsc ITn-\-am°n F∂mWv kqN\ (H.-t\m. hm. 8˛10). ITn-\-am-°-ens‚ a[y-h¿Øn ZpjvS-\mWv

(H.-t\m. 2 sImcn. 4:4). ""ITn-\-s∏-SpI'' (t]m-tdmHm˛pwrowpwrowpwrowpwrowpwrow) F∂ ]Zw I√n-°pI As√-¶n¬ A‘X F∂-

Xn-\p≈ sshZy-imkv{X ]Z-amWv (H.-t\m. tdma. 11:25; 2 sImcn. 3:14; Fs^. 4:18). CtX ]Zw As∏m-kvX-e-

∑m-sc-°p-dn®v a¿s°mkv 6:52 ¬ ]d-™n-´p-≠v. IcpW F∂-Xn\p hn]-co-X-ambn 9:18 ¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂

(kv¢odpt\m˛sklhrunwsklhrunwsklhrunwsklhrunwsklhrunw) ]Z-Øn¬ \n∂pw hyXy-kvX-am-Wn-Xv (H.-t\m. F{_m. 3:8,15; 4:7).

B hmIyw hfsc hy‡-am-Wv, 11:1˛6 s‚ kw{K-l-am-Wn-Xv. Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´ Nne¿ hniz-kn-®p, Xnc-

s™-Sp-°-s∏-SmØ Nne¿ ITn-\-s∏-´p. F¶n-epw, Cu hmIyw, ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-amb Hcp ap{Zm-hm-Iy-am-bn,

H‰-s∏´ H∂mbn Fgp-Xn-b-X√. CXv XpS¿∂p hcp∂ hmZ-K-Xn-bpsS `mK-am-Wv. Cu hmIy-Øn¬ hy‡-ambn

{]Xn-]m-Zn-°p∂ kXyhpw A[ymbw 10 se km¿Δ-eu-InI £Whpw XΩn¬ Hcp kwL¿jw \ne-\n-ev°p-

∂p-≠v. ChnsS a¿Ω-ap-≠v. AXn-\p≈ ]cn-lmcw H∂ns\ C√m-Xm-°p-Itbm hne-Ip-d®p ImWp-Itbm A√.

11:8˛10 sbi. 29:10 (hm. 8a), Bh. 29:4 (hm. 8a, F∂m¬ sk]v‰z-Pn‚n¬\nt∂m atkm-sd-‰n-°n¬ \nt∂m

A√), k¶o. 69:22-˛23 (hm. 9˛10) F∂n-h-bn¬\n∂p≈ D≤-c-Wn-bmWv Cu hmIyßƒ. sbi. 6:9˛13 ¬ a’-

cn-I-fmb bn{km-tb-en-t\m-Sp {]h-Nn-°m-\p≈ sbi-øm-hns‚ hnfn-sbbpw ZuXy-sØbpw Ah hy‡-ambn

{]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p-∂p. sbi-ømhv ssZh-Øns‚ hN\w {]kw-Kn-°Ww F¶nepw P\w {]Xn-I-cn-°p-I-bn-√.

9:13,15,17 ¬ sNøp-∂-Xp-t]mse Xs∂ ssZhw Nnesc ITn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p F∂ Xs‚ hmZ-Øn\v ]usemkv

]gb \nba sXfnhp \nc-Øp-∂p.

11:8

NASB, NKJV ""ssZhw Ah¿°v aμ-X-bpsS Bflm-hns\ sImSpØp''

NRSV, TEV ""ssZhw Ah¿°v Ae-kXbpsS Bflm-hns\ sImSpØp''

NJB ""ssZhw Ah-cpsS a\- n-s\bpw lrZ-b-sØbpw aμ-am°n''

Cu {Ko°p ]Zw (I‰m-\p-Ivknkv˛katanuxijkatanuxijkatanuxijkatanuxijkatanuxij) ]pXnb \nb-a-Øn¬ ChnsS am{Xta D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≈p.

_p≤nsb A_-e-am-°n-°-f-bp∂ Hcp {]mWn-bpsS IpØn-s\-bmWv CXp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

228

11:10 ""AhcpsS IÆp ImWmX hÆw Ccp≠pt]mIs´; AhcpsS apXpIp F√mbvt]mgpw Ip\nbnt°-

Wta'' CXv Hcp `qX-Ime I¿ΩWn hn[n-cq-]hpw AXn-s\-Øp-S¿∂v `qX-Ime I¿Øcn hn[n-cq-]hpamWv.

CXv ssZh-Øns‚ ]c-am-[n-Im-c-sØbpw a\p-jys‚ A\n-hm-cy-amb {]Xn-I-c-W-sØbpw kw_-‘n® a¿Ω-

am-Wv. ssZhw kIe Imcy-ß-fp-sSbpw Dd-hn-Shpw kI-e-Øns‚ Bcw-`-I\pw BsW-¶nepw Xs‚ ]c-am-[n-

Imc CjvS-Øn¬ Xs‚ ]c-tam-∂X krjvSn-bmb a\p-jy≥ kzX{¥-ambn Xt∂mSp {]Xn-I-cn-°-W-sa∂p

Iev]n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. hnizm-k-Øm¬ {]Xn-I-cn-°m-Ø-h¿ Ah-cpsS Ahn-izm-k-Øn¬ ITn-\-s∏-Sp∂p (A-Xm-

bXv Ah-cpsS Xnc-s™-Sp∏v A¥n-a-am-Wv).

Cu ]›m-ØeØnem-Wv, BZm-ans‚ kIe k¥-Xn-I-sfbpw hos≠-Sp-°m-\p≈ ssZhnI ]≤Xn

]usemkv {]kvXm-hn-°p-∂-Xv. sblq-Zs‚ Ahn-izmkw PmXn-Iƒ°v hnizm-k-Øns‚ hmXn¬ Xpd-∂p-sIm-

Sp°pIbpw Akq-b-bn-eqsS tZiob bn{km-tb-ens\ bYm-ÿm-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXv Dƒs∏SpØ-

ens‚ ]≤-Xn-bm-bn-cp∂p (H.-t\m. Fs^. 2:11-˛3:13) A√msX Hgn-hm-°m-\p-≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂n√! ITn-\-am-°¬ Hcp

henb hnf-hn\p klm-bn®p (D-Zm. ^d-thm≥)!

tdma¿ 11:11˛1611F∂m¬ Ah¿ hotg≠Xnt∂m CSdnbXp F∂p Rm≥ tNmZn°p∂p. Hcp\mfpw A√; Ah¿°p

Fcnhp hcpØphm≥ AhcpsS ewL\w tlXphmbn PmXnIƒ°p c£ h∂p Ft∂bp≈p.12F∂m¬ AhcpsS ewL\w temIØn∂p [\hpw AhcpsS \„w PmXnIƒ°p kºØpw hcphm≥

ImcWambn F¶n¬ AhcpsS bYmÿm\w F{X A[nIw? 13F∂m¬ PmXnIfmb \nßtfmSp

Rm≥ ]dbp∂Xp: PmXnIfpsS As∏mkvXe\mbncn°bm¬ 14Rm≥ Fs‚ kzPmXn°m¿°p

h√hnt[\bpw kv]¿≤ P\n∏n®p, Ahcn¬ Nnesc c£n°msa¶ntem F∂psh®p Xt∂ Rm≥

Fs‚ ip{iqjsb ]pIgvØp∂p. 15AhcpsS {`wiw temIØns‚ \nc∏n∂p tlXphmbn F¶n¬

AhcpsS AwKoIcWw acn®hcpsS Dbn¿s∏∂√msX F¥mIpw? 16BZy`mKw hnip≤w F¶n¬

]nfiw apgph\pw Aßs\ Xt∂; th¿ hnip≤w F¶n¬ sImºpIfpw Aßs\ Xt∂.

11:11 ""F∂p Rm≥ tNmZn°p∂p'' 11:1 \p kam-\-ambn AtX Bh¿Øn-®p≈ {]tbm-K-am-Wn-Xv. CXv ]usem-

kns‚ ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-amb hmZsØ as‰mcp coXn-bn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. hm. 1˛11 ¬ F√m bn{km-

tbepw ssZh-Øm¬ X≈-s∏-´n√; hm. 11-˛24 ¬ bn{km-tb-ens‚ Xnc-kvI-cWw Ft∂-°p-ap-≈-X√; AXp

tkmt±-iy-]-c-am-Wv. AXn-eqsS PmXn-Isf Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn.

NASB ""Ah¿ hotg≠Xnt∂m CSdnbXv''

NKJV, NRSV ""Ah¿ hotg≠Xn\mtWm CS¿® kw`-hn-®Xv''

TEV ""sblq-Z≥ CS-dn-b-t∏mƒ Ah¿ Ah¿ hoWp \int®m''

NJB ""sblq-Z≥ Ft∂-°p-ambn hotWm, AtXm Ah¿ CS-dn-b-tX-bpt≈m''

""C√'' F∂ DØ-c-amWv Cu tNmZyw {]Xo-£n-°p-∂-Xv. bn{km-tb-ens‚ Ahn-izmkw Hcp ÿnc-amb

Ah-ÿ-b-√.

NASB ""Ah-cpsS ewL-\-Øm¬''

NKJV ""Ah-cpsS hogvN-bn-eqsS''

NRSV ""Ah-cpsS CS¿®-bn-eqsS''

TEV ""Ah¿ ]m]w sNbvX-Xn-\m¬''

NJB ""Ah-cpsS hogvN''

kμ¿`-h-im¬, CXv bn{km-tb¬ ain-lm-sb∂ \ne-bn¬ tbip-hns\ X≈n-°-f-™-Xns\ kqNn-∏n-

°p∂p (H.-t\m. hm. 12).

""PmXnIƒ°p c£ h∂p'' H∂mw \q‰m-≠nse sblq-Z-∑msc kw_-‘n®v CXv F{X-am{Xw sR´-ep-f-

hm-°p∂ {]kvXm-h-\-bmWv (H.-t\m. hm. 12; {]hr. 13:46; 22:21; 28:28).

""kv]¿≤ P\n-∏n®p'' ""kv]¿≤'' F∂ ]Zw 10:19epw 11:14epw ImWmw. (hm. 11 ¬ ae-bmfw ss__n-fn¬

Cu ]Zw ImWp-∂n-√, Cw•o-jn¬ ImWmw.) PmXn-Isf Dƒs∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈ ssZhnI ]≤-Xn°v c≠p e£y-

ß-fm-Wp-≈-Xv.

1. kIe a\pjy¿°pap≈ ssZhnI hos≠Sp∏v

2. am\-km-¥-c-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp sblqZ tijn-∏ns‚ hy‡n-]-c-amb hnizm-k-Øn-te-°p≈ ssZhnI bYm-

ÿm-]\w

#2 ¬ Xmsg-∏-d-bp-∂h Dƒs∏-Sp-∂pthm F∂p Rm≥ hy‡n-]-c-ambn AXn-i-bn-°p∂p

1. Hcp A¥y-Ime sblqZ DW¿Δv (H.-t\m. skJ. 12:10)

229

2. H∂mw \q‰m-≠n-sebpw F√m \q‰m-≠p-I-fn-se-bp-ap≈ sblqZ hnizm-kn-Iƒ

3. B[p-\nI ain-sslI kn\-tKm-Kp-Iƒ hmKvZ-Ø-{]-Im-c-ap≈ \nhr-Øn-bm-bn-cn°mw

11:12-˛14 Cu hmIy-ß-fn¬, PmXn-I-fpsS hnizm-k-tØmSp _‘-s∏´ sblq-Zs‚ Ahn-izm-k-tØmSp _‘-

s∏-´p≈ ]Øp tkm]m-[nI hmN-I-ß-fpsS ]c-ºc ImWmw. hm. 12,14,15,16,17,18,21,24 F∂nh Fgp-Øp-Im-

cs‚ ho£-W-Øn¬ kXy-am-btXm As√-¶n¬ Ahs‚ cN-t\m-t±-iy-Øn\p th≠n-bp-≈tXm Bb

H∂mwXcw tkm]m-[nI hmN-Ißfm-Wv. AtX-k-abw hm. 22,23 F∂nh {Inbm-flI `mhn-Ime {]hr-Øn-

Isf kqNn-∏n-°p∂ aq∂mw-Xcw tkm]m-[nI hmN-I-ß-fm-Wv.

11:12

NASB ""AhcpsS ]q¿Øo-I-cWw F{X A[nIw''

NKJV ""AhcpsS ]q¿ÆX F{X A[nIw''

NRSV ""AhcpsS ]q¿Æ Dƒs∏-Sp-Ø¬ F{X A[nIambn-cn°pw''

TEV ""sblq-Zs‚ ]q¿Æ-kwJy tN¿∂p-I-gn-bp-tºmƒ A\p-{Klw F{X hep-Xm-bn-cn°pw''

NJB ""Ah-cpsS F√m-h-cp-sSbpw am\km¥csØØp-S¿∂v t\´w F{X hep-Xm-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v Nn¥n-

°pI''

hymJym-\-Øns‚ Xmt°m¬ ""Ah-cpsS ]q¿ÆX'' F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ A¿∞-am-Wv. AXp _‘-s∏-ń-cn-

°p-∂Xv (1) sblq-Z-∑m¿ c£n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv, hm, 14b, 26a AYhm (2) Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´ hniz-kn-°p∂

sblq-Z-∑mcpw hniz-kn-°p∂ PmXn-I-fpw Dƒs∏´ kwJy?

11:13 ""F∂m¬ PmXnIfmb \nßtfmSp Rm≥ ]dbp∂Xp'' A. 9˛11, ""F¥p-sIm-≠mWv sblqZ ainlm

sblq-Z-∑m-cm¬ XckvI-cn°s∏´Xv F∂ tNmZy-Øn\v adp-]Sn ]d-bp∂ kmln-Xy-bq-Wn-‰v Dƒs∏-´-Xm-Wv.

F¶n-epw, F¥p-sIm-≠mWv Cu tNmZyw tNmZn-°m≥ ]usem-kn\p tXm∂n-bXv F∂ tNmZyw Ah-ti-jn-

°p-∂p.

hm. 13-˛24,25c F∂nh tdmanse k`-bn¬ hwiob sblq-Z-∑mcpw PmXn-Ifpw XΩn-ep-≠mb Hcp {]iv\sØ

kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. AXv hniz-kn-°p∂ sblq-Z-∑mcpw hniz-kn-°p∂ PmXn-Ifpw XΩn-emtWm AtXm hniz-kn-

°p∂ PmXn-Ifpw Ahn-izm-kn-I-fmb sblq-Z-∑mcpw (kn-\-tKm-Kv) XΩn-emtWm F∂p \n›-b-an-√.

""PmXnIfpsS As∏mkvXe\mbncn°bm¬'' PmXob temI-tØmSp kphn-tijw Adn-bn-°p-hm≥ Xm≥

{]tXy-I-ambn hnfn-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v ]usem-kn\p t_m[y-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p (H.-t\m. {]hr. 9:15; 22:21;

26:17; tdma. 1:5; 15:16; Kem. 1:16; 2:7,9; 1 Xnsam. 2:7; 2 Xnsam. 4:17).

11:14 ""Nnesc c£n°msa¶ntem F∂psh®p '' CXmWv ]usemkns‚ kphn-tij hnfn. Nne¿ kphn-ti-

j-tØmSp {]Xn-I-cn-°p-sa∂pw (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 1:21) Nne¿ \nc-kn-°p-sa∂pw (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 9:22) Ah≥

Adn-™n-cp-∂p. CXmWv Xnc-s™-Sp-∏ns‚ a¿Ωw (].-\n., ]p.-\n.)!

NASB, NKJV ""Rm≥ Fs‚ ip{iqjsb ]pIgvØp∂p''

NRSV ""Rm≥ Fs‚ ip{iqjsb al-Xzo-Icn°p∂p''

TEV ""Rm≥ Fs‚ the-bn¬ {]iw-kn-°p∂p''

NJB ""Rm≥ Ab-bv°-s∏-´-Xn¬ A`n-am\n-°p∂p''

""]pI-gvØpI'' F∂ ]Z-Øn\v (1) \μn-bp-≈-h-\m-bn-cn-°p-I, (2) A`n-am-\n-°pI (3) Hcp ImcysØ ]c-

am-h[n {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-ØpI F∂o A¿∞-ß-fp-≠v. tdmanse k`-bn¬ \ne-\n∂ {]iv\sØ CXp kqNn-

∏n-°p-∂p. ]usemkv (1) PmXn-Isf tkhn-°p-∂-Xn¬ k¥p-tj-S-\m-bn-cp-∂p, (2) Xs‚ ip{iqj Ahn-izm-kn-

I-fmb sblq-Z-∑msc Akq-bm-ep-°-fm-°p-Ibpw X∑qew Ah¿ c£n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp∂p F∂p a\- n-

em°n (H.-t\m. hm. 11,14; 9:1˛3).

11:15 ]gb \nb-a-Ønse Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´ bn{km-tb-ens‚ {`wiw F∂Xv (hm. 1 se ""X≈n-°-f-bpI''

F∂-Xn¬\n∂pw hyXy-kvX-amb ]Zw) kIe am\-h-cm-in-bp-sSbpw (tIm-kvtam-kv˛kosmojkosmojkosmojkosmojkosmoj) hos≠-Sp-∏n-

\p≈ ssZhnI ]≤-Xn-bpsS `mK-am-bn-cp-∂p. sblq-Zs‚ kzb-˛-\o-Xnbpw hwiob [m¿jvSyhpw \nb-a-hm-

Zhpw hnizm-k-Øns‚ Bh-iy-I-Xsb Du∂n-∏-d-bp∂p (H.-t\m. 9:30-˛33). am\p-jnI {]I-S-\-a-√, btlm-h-

bnepw Ahs‚ ain-lm-bn-ep-ap≈ hnizmkamWv icn-bmb \nev]ns‚ Xmt°m¬. F¶nepw Hm¿°p-I, bn{km-

tb-ens\ X≈n-°-f-™Xv kIe am\-h-cm-in-bp-sSbpw hos≠Sp∏v km[y-am-°p-∂-Xn-\m-bn-cp-∂p. sblq-Z-

s‚-bm-bmepw PmXn-I-fp-sS-bm-bmepw am\p-jnI t{ijvT-Xbv°v Hcp ÿm\-hp-an-√. tdmanse k` AXym-

hiyw tIń-cn-t°≠ ZqXm-bn-cp∂p CXv F∂p hy‡-am-Wv.

""temIØns‚ \nc∏n∂p'' CXv ""ssZh-Øns‚ \oXn'' F∂-Xn\v ssZh-im-kvX-c-]-c-ambn kam-¥-c-am-

Wv. kwbp-‡-]Zw Im‰m A[nIw Aemt m (am-dp-I, ]I-cw-sh-bv°p-I, cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Sp-I) F∂n-ß-s\-

bmWp h∂-Xv. ]I-bpsS ÿm\Øv kam-[m\w ÿm]n-°pI AYhm {]oXn ]p\xÿm-]n-°pI F∂ A¿∞-

am-Wn-Xn-\p-≈Xv (H.-t\m. tdma. 5:11; 11:15; 2 sImcn. 5:18,19). GsZ-\nse Iq´mbva ]p\x-ÿm-]n-°m≥ ssZhw

230

B{K-ln-°p-∂p. ]m]w B Iq´m-bvasb XI¿Øp, F∂m¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-h-cn¬ {InkvXp ssZh-Øns‚

kmZriyw ]p\x-ÿm-]n-°p-∂p. Ah¿ \nc-∏n-te°p hcn-Ibpw AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp∂p (hm. 15 se

kam-¥-c-Xzw). a\p-jy-h¿§-Øn\v Cu ASp∏w ÿm]n-°p-hm≥ Ign-I-bn-√, ]t£ ssZh-Øn\p Ign-bpw,

am{X-a√ Ah-\Xp sNbvXp!

""acn®hcpsS Dbn¿s∏∂√msX'' kμ¿`w kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv tZiob bn{km-tb-en-s\-bm-Wv, AXp-sIm≠v

1. Cu {]tbmKw tZiob bn{km-tb-ens‚ bYm-ÿm-]-\-sØ-bmtWm kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv

2. Cu {]tbmKw sblq-Z-s‚bpw PmXn-I-fp-sSbpw ""]q¿Æ kwJy''sbbmtWm kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv (H.-

t\m. Bflob bn{km-tb¬, H.-t\m. 9:6; 11:25-˛26)

3. Cu {]tbmKw (H.-t\m. 6:13) ]pXp-bpK Poh≥, ]p\-cp-∞m\ Poh-s\-bmtWm kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv?

F\n-°njvSw #3 BWv. Fs‚ Imc-W-ßƒ°v shfn-∏m-Sp-]p-kvXI hymJym-\-Ønse ""\n¿Æm-bI BapJ

{]kvXm-h-\-Iƒ'' ImWp-I. www.freebiblecommentary.org.

11:16 ""BZy`mKw hnip≤w F¶n¬'' CXv Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚ ho£-W-Øn¬ kXy-am-btXm As√-¶n¬ Ahs‚

cN-t\m-t±-iy-Øn\p th≠n-bp-≈tXm Bb H∂mwXcw tkm]m-[nI hmN-I-am-Wv. kwJy. 15:17-˛21 s‚ kqN-

\-bm-Wn-Xv. hnfhp apgp-h\pw ssZh-Øns‚ hI-bm-sW∂p ImWn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn ssZh-Øn\p \¬Ip∂ BZy-

êw (A-Yhm Zimw-iw) F∂ ]gb \nba Bi-bØn\p Xpey-amb kmZr-iy-am-Wn-Xv.

hniz-kn-°p∂ ]pcm-X\ sblqZ tijn-∏n\v Ct∏mgpw apgp-P-\-X-bp-sS-taepw kzm[o-\-ap≠v (H.-t\m.

Dev]. 18:27-˛33; 2 Zn\. 7:14). ""BZy-`mKw'' F∂ kmZriyw ""thcv'' (H.-t\m. bnsc. 11:16-˛17) F∂ kmZr-iy-

Øn\p kam-¥-c-am-Wv. c≠pw ]gb \nba bn{km-tb-ense (H.-t\m. hm. 28) hniz-kvX-K-WsØ A¿∞m¬

tKm{X-]n-Xm-°sf kqNn-∏n-°p∂p (A-Xm. hm. 16-˛17 se ""thcv'').

tdma¿ 11:17-˛2417sImºpIfn¬ NneXp HSn®n´p Ims´meohmb \ns∂ AhbpsS CSbn¬ Hń®ptN¿Øp

HeohpacØns‚ ê{]Zamb thcn∂p ]¶mfnbmbnØo¿∂p F¶ntem, sImºpIfpsS t\sc

{]iwkn°cpXp. 18{]iwkn°p∂psh¶n¬ \o thcns\ A√ th¿ \ns∂bt{X Npa°p∂p F∂p

Hm¿°. 19F∂m¬ Fs∂ Hńt°≠Xn∂p sImºpIsf HSn®pIf™p F∂p \o ]dbpw. 20icn;

AhnizmkØm¬ Ah HSn™pt]mbn; hnizmkØm¬ \o \nev°p∂p; sRfnbmsX `bs∏SpI.21kzm`mhnI sImºpIsf ssZhw BZcn°msX t]msb¶n¬ \ns∂bpw BZcn°msX ht∂°pw.22BIbm¬ ssZhØns‚ Zbbpw JfinXhpw ImÏ; hoWhcn¬ ssZhØns‚ JfinXhpw;

\n∂ntem \o Zbbn¬ \ne\n∂m¬ Zbbpw Xt∂; As√¶n¬ \obpw tOZn°s∏Spw. 23Ahnizmk-

Øn¬ \ne \nev°m™m¬ AhscbpwIqsS Hń°pw; Ahsc ho≠pw Hń∏m≥ ssZhw i‡\t√m.24kz`mhØm¬ Im´pacambXn¬\n∂p \ns∂ apdns®SpØp kz`mhØn∂p hntcm[ambn \√

HeohpacØn¬ Hń®p F¶n¬, kzm`mhnIsImºpIfmbhsc kz¥amb HeohpacØn¬ F{X

A[nIambn Hń°pw.

11:17-˛24 Cu JWvUn-I-bnse ""\o'' F∂Xv AXn-ib-I-c-amw-hn[w GI-h-N-\-am-Wv (hm. 25 ¬ _lp-h-N\w

ho≠pw {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂p). F¥m-Wn-Xn-\¿∞w?

1. kIe PmXn-I-fp-sSbpw {]Xo-I-ambn Hcp PmXo-b≥

2. tdmanse k`-bn¬ \ne-\n∂ sblqZ, PmXob t\Xm-°ƒ XΩn-ep≈ Ie-lw, X¬^-e-ambn Ct∏m-

gp≈ PmXob t\Xr-XzsØ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv (H.-t\m. hm. 18-˛20)

11:17 ""sImºpIfn¬ NneXp HSn®n´p'' Ahn-izm-kn-I-fmb bn{km-tb-ens\ kqNn-∏n-°p∂p (H.-t\m. hm.

18,19, ""kzm`m-hnI sImºp-Iƒ'', hm. 21).

""Ims´m-en-hmb'' kphn-tij {]kw-K-tØmSp {]Xn-I-cn® hniz-kn® PmXn-Isf kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.

""Hń®ptN¿Øp'' hm. 16 ¬ XpS-ßnb Im¿jnI kmZriyw ]usemkv XpS-cp-∂p. Ims´m-en-hns\ \√

hr£-tØmSv Hń-°p-∂Xv hnfhv h¿≤n-∏n-°m≥ DXIpw (H.-t\m. hm. 24).

""Henhp-a-c-Øns‚'' tZiob bn{km-tb-ens‚ {]Xo-I-am-WnXv (H.-t\m. hm. 24; k¶o. 52:8; 128:3; bnsc.

11:16; tlmti. 14:6). sblq-Z\pw PmXnbpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w Nn{Xo-I-cn-°m≥ ]usemkv D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂

c≠m-asØ kmZr-iy-am-Wn-Xv.

""ê-{]-Z-amb thcn\p'' B£-cn-I-amb aqe-{]-tbmKw ""kar-≤n-bpsS thcv'' ˛ UBS4 CXn\v “B”td‰nwKv

(G-Xm≠v Dd-∏p-≈-Xv \¬Ip∂p) F∂Xv IsøgpØp {]XnIfmb a*, B, C F∂nhbn¬ ImWp∂p. F∂m¬

231

CXns\ Ipsd-°qSn {Kmly-amb coXn-bn¬ hyJym-\n-°p∂ hmIy-ßƒ \nc-h[n Isø-gpØp {]Xn-I-fn¬

ImWmw.

""F¶ntem'' 11:12-˛24 s‚ Ipdn∏v ImWp-I.

11:18 ""sImºpIfpsS t\sc {]iwkn°cpXp'' \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Hcp {]hrØn \n¿ØpI F∂ A¿∞-

Øn¬ \ntj-[m-flI LSIw tN¿∂ h¿Ø-am-\-Ime hn[n-cq-]-am-Wn-Xv. Cu hmIyhpw hm. 13,20,25 Dw

tdmanse k`-bn¬ hnizmkn-I-fmb sblq-Zcpw hnizmkn-I-fmb PmXn-Ifpw XΩn¬ {]iv\-ap-s≠∂p kqNn-

∏n-°p-∂p.

11:19-˛20 hm. as‰mcp Ubm-ss{S_v (km-¶-ev]nI {]Xn-hm-Zn) BWv. sblq-Z≥ Xnc-kvI-cn-°-s∏-´Xv F¥p-

sIm-≠m-sW∂p ]usemkv hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂p. PmXn-Iƒ IqSp-X¬ kvt\ln-°s∏-´-Xn-\m-e-√, adn®v sblq-

Z≥ Ahn-iz-kn-®-Xn-\m-e-t{X. ssZh-Øns‚ kvt\lw-sIm≠pw Ah-cpsS hnizm-kw-sIm≠pw am{X-amWv PmXn-

Iƒ Dƒs∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-´Xv (H.-t\m. Dev]. 3:15). Akqb Df-hm-°n-b-Xn-eqsS sblq-Z≥ ssZh-Øn-¶-te°p aS-

ßn-h-cp-hm≥ Ah¿ Imc-W-hp-ambn (H.-t\m. hm. 11,14).

11:20

NASB ""F∂m¬ \ns‚ hnizmkØm¬ \o \nev°p∂p''

NKJV ""\o hnizmkØm¬ \nev°p∂p''

NRSV ""hnizmkØm¬ am{Xw \o \nev°p∂p''

TEV ""\o hniz-kn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v \ns‚ ÿm\Øp \o \nev°p∂p''

NJB ""Cu Ct∏mgpw \nev°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ AXn\p \ns‚ hnizm-k-Øn-\mWp \μn ]d-tb-≠Xv''

CsXmcp ]q¿Æ I¿Øcn kqN-I-am-Wv. F¶nepw ]Øv tkm]m-[nI hmN-I-ß-fpsS kμ¿`-Øn-em-

WXp hcp-∂-Xv. ssZh-Øns‚ apºn-ep≈ \ΩpsS \nev]v hnizm-k-Øm-emWv Bbn-cn-°p-∂Xpw XpS-cp-∂-Xpw.

hnizmkw \n∂m¬ \ΩpsS \nev]pw \nev°pw. c£ F∂Xv (1) Hcp {]mcw` hnizmk {]Xn-I-c-Whpw (2)

hnizm-k-Øn¬ XpS-cp∂ Ah-ÿbpw (3) hnizm-k-Øns‚ XpS-cp∂ {]{In-bbpw (4) hnizm-k-Øns‚ A¥na

]q¿Øo-I-c-W-hp-am-Wv. Cu thZ-]p-kvXI kXy-ß-fn¬ H∂n¬ am{Xw Du∂¬ \¬-Ip∂ GXp ssZh-

imkv{X kwhn-[m-\-sØbpw kq£n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. 10:4 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: c£bv°v D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-

°p∂ {Ko°p {Inbm Ime-ßƒ ImWp-I.

ssZh-amWv c£-bpsS \mb-I\pw XpS-°-an-Sp-∂-h\pw \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-h\pw ]q¿Øn-h-cp-Øp-∂-h\pw

F¶nepw AXv DS-º-Sn-°-\p-k-c-W-am-bn-´m-bn-cn-°pw. B {]{In-b-bpsS Hmtcm Nph-Snepw ]m]n-I-fmb a\p-jy-

h¿§w am\-km-¥-c-Ømepw hnizm-k-Ømepw {]Xn-I-cn-°p-Ibpw {]Xn-I-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°bpw thWw F∂v

ssZhw Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p. Ah≥ A\p-k-c-Whpw {InkvXp-km-Zr-iyhpw ÿntcm-’m-lhpw Bh-iy-s∏-Sp∂p!

NASB ""h©n-°-s∏-SmsX `b-s∏-SpI''

NKJV ""sRfn-bmsX `b-s∏-SpI''

NRSV ""Al-¶-cn-°-cp-Xv, `b-tØmsS \nev°pI''

TEV ""AXn-s\-°p-dn®v Al-¶-cn-°-cpXv; adn®v `b-s∏-SpI''

NJB ""\o \nK-fn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-]-Icw, \ns∂-Øs∂ `b-ap-≈-h-\m-°pI''

Cu c≠p {]kvXm-h-\-Ifpw h¿Ø-am-\-Ime hn[n-cq-]-am-Wv. BZy-`m-KØv \ntj-[m-flI LS-I-ap-≠v.

AXn-\¿∞w XpS¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Hcp {]hrØn \n¿ØpI F∂m-Wv. tdmanse k`-bnse Hcp {]iv\-

sØ-bm-WXp kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. `b-Øns‚ ImcWw hm. 21 ¬ kqNn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

11:21 ""\ns∂bpw BZcn°msX ht∂°pw'' bn{km-tb¬ ]n∑mdn \nK-f-Ømepw Ahn-izm-k-Ømepw btlm-

h-bn-¶¬\n∂v AI-∂p-t]m-b-Xp-t]mse k` \nK-f-Ømepw kzb-˛-\o-Xn-bmepw {InkvXp-hn-ep≈ hnizmkw

XyPn-®m¬ Ah-scbpw \o°n-°-f-bpw. {]mcw` hnizm-ksØ XpS¿∂v Pohn-X-ssieo hnizmkw DavSm-IWw

(H.-t\m. aØm. 13:1-˛23; a¿s°m. 4:1˛12; eqs°m. 8:4˛10). \nK-f-tØmSv \nc-¥cw FXn¿Øp-\n-ev°-Ww. \mw

BIp-∂Xp ssZh-Ir-]-bm-em-Ip-∂p. {InkvXp-hn¬ B{i-bn-°p∂ kI-e-cpw \ΩpsS ktlm-Z-co-k-tlm-Z-c-

∑m-cm-Ip-∂p.

{]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: ]n∑m‰w (A-^n-Ão-an -˛

afisthmiafisthmiafisthmiafisthmiafisthmi)(A-^n-Ão-an -˛ afisthmiafisthmiafisthmiafisthmiafisthmi) F∂ {Ko°p ]Z-Øn\v hfcw hnim-e-amb `mjm-]-c-amb Xe-ap-≠v. Cw•o-

jnse At∏m-Ãkn CXn¬\n-∂p-≠m-bXmWv. B[p-\nI hmb-\-°m-cn¬ ap≥hn[n \nd-bv°m≥ ]cym-

232

]vX-am-Wv B ]Zw. h¿Ø-am-\-Ime \n¿Δ-N-\-a-√, kμ¿`-amWv A¿∞w a\- n-em-°m-\p≈ Xmt°m¬.

""...¬\n∂v'' F∂¿∞-ap≈ At∏m, ""Ccn-°pI,'' ""\n¬°p-I,'' ""Dd-∏n-°pI'' F∂¿∞-ap≈ lnsÃan

F∂o ]Z-ß-fpsS kwbp-‡-am-Wn-Xv. Xmsg-s°m-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂ (th-Z-im-kv{X-]-c-a-√m-Ø) D]-tbm-K-ßƒ

{i≤n-°pI:

1. `uXn-I-ambn \o°w sNøpI

a. ssZhm-e-b-Øn¬\n∂pw, eqs°m. 2:37

b. Hcp ho´n¬\n∂pw, a¿s°m. 13:34

c. Hcp hy‡nbn¬\n∂pw, a¿s°m. 12:12; 14:50; {]hr. 5:38

d. kIe ImcyØn¬\n∂pw, aØm. 19:27,29

2. cmjv{Sob-ambn \o°w sNøpI, {]hr. 5:37

3. Bt]£nIambn \o°w sNøpI, {]hr. 5:38; 15:38; 19:9; 22:29

4. \nb-a-]c-ambn \o°w sNøpI (hn-hm-l-tam-N-\w), Bh. 24:1,3 (LXX), aØm. 5:31; 19:7; a¿s°m.

10:4; 1 sImcn. 7:11

5. Hcp ISw \o°w sNøpI, aØm. 18:24

6. hn´p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xn-eqsS Icp-X-en-√mbva shfn-s∏-Sp-ØpI, aØm. 4:20; 22:27; tbml. 4:28; 16:32

7. hn´p-t]m-Im-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS Icp-X¬ shfn-s∏-Sp-ØpI, tbml. 8:29; 14:18

8. A\p-h-Zn-°p-I, kΩ-Xn-°p-I, aØm. 13:30; 19:14; a¿s°m. 14:6; eqs°m. 13:8

ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-amb A¿∞-Øn¬ {Inbbv°v hnim-e-amb D]-tbmK-am-Wp-≈Xv:

1. Akm-[p-hm-°p-I, £an-°p-I, ]m]Øns‚ Ip‰w £an-°pI, ]pd. 32:32 (LXX); kwJy. 14:19;

Ctøm. 42:10; ]pXnb \nb-aw, aØm. 6:12,14˛15; a¿s°m. 11:25-˛26

2. ]m]-Øn¬\n∂v Hgn-™n-cn-°p-I, 2 Xnsam. 2:19

3. AI∂p \n¬°p-∂-Xn-eqsS Ah-K-Wn-°pI:

a. \ymb-{]-amWw, aØm. 23:23; {]hr. 21:21

b. hnizmkw, sbsl. 20:8 (LXX); eqs°m. 8:13; 2 sX . 2:3; 1 Xnsam. 4:1; F{_m. 2:13

]pXnb \nba Fgp-Øp-Im¿ Hcn-°epw Nn¥n-®n-´p-t]m-ep-an-√mØ At\I ssZh-imkv{X tNmZy-ßƒ

B[p-\nI hnizm-kn-Iƒ tNmZn-°pw. CXn-sem∂v hnizm-ksØ hniz-kvX-X-bn¬\n∂pw AI‰n \n¿Øp-

hm-\p≈ {]h-W-X-bn¬\n∂pw h∂-Xm-Wv.

ssZh-P-\-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-´-h-cmb Nne Bfp-I-sf°p-dn®p ss__n-fn¬ ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. Ah¿°p NneXp

kw`-hn-®p.

I. ]g-b -\n-baw

A. H‰p-t\m-°m≥ t]mb 12 (10) t]cpsS dnt∏m¿´p tI´-h¿, kwJy. 14 (H.-t\m. F{_m. 3:16-˛19)

B. tImclv, kwJym. 16

C. Gen-bpsS ]p{X-∑m¿, 1 iaq. 2, 4

D. iu¬, 1 iaq. 11-˛31

E. I≈-{]-hm-N-I-∑m¿ (D-Zm-l-c-W-ßƒ)

1. Bh. 13:1˛15; 18:19˛22 (I-≈-{]-hm-N-Is\ Xncn-®-dn-bm-\p≈ hgn-Iƒ)

2. bnsc-aymhv 28

3. sbsl-kvtI¬ 13:1˛7

F. I≈-{]-hm-N-Inam¿

1. sbsl-kvtI¬ 13:17

2. s\sl-aymhv 6:14

G. bn{km-tb-ens‚ ZpjvS {]am-Wn-am¿ (D-Zm-l-c-W-ßƒ)

1. bnsc-aymhv 5:30˛31; 8:1˛2; 23:1˛4

2. sbsl-kvtI¬ 22:23-˛31

3. aoJm 3:5˛12

II. ]pXn-b -\n-baw

A. Cu {Ko°p ]Zw A£-cm¿∞-Øn¬ ]n∑m-‰pI F∂mWv. c≠mw hc-hn-\p-apºv ZpjvShpw hymP-

hp-amb D]-tZ-ißfpsS Xo{hX h¿≤n-°p-sa∂v ]gb \nb-ahpw ]pXnb \nb-ahpw Hcp-t]mse

ap∂-dn-bn∏p Xcp∂p (H.-t\m. aØm. 24:24; a¿s°m. 13:22; {]hr. 20:29,30; 2 sX . 2:9˛12; 2 Xnsam.

4:4). Cu {Ko°p-]-Zw, aØm. 13; a¿s°m. 4; eqs°mkv 8 F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ ImWp∂ hnX-Im-cs‚

D]-a-bn¬ tbip ]d™ hm°p-Isf {]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p-∂p. Cu I≈ D]-tZ-jvSm-°ƒ hnizm-kn-I-

f-s√∂p hy‡-am-Wv, F¶nepw Ah¿ D≈n¬\n∂pw h∂-h-cmWv (H.-t\m. {]hr. 20:29˛30; 1 tbml.

233

2:19).; F¶nepw A]Iz hnizm-kn-Isf \in-∏n-°p-hm\pw ]nSn-s®-Sp-°p-hm\pw Ah¿°p Ignbpw

(H.-t\m. F{_m. 3:12).

I≈ D]-tZ-jvSm-°ƒ Ft∏m-sg-¶nepw hnizm-kn-I-fm-bn-cp-∂pthm? F∂-XmWv ssZh-imkv{X

tNmZyw. DØcw ]d-bm≥ {]bm-k-ap≈ tNmZy-am-Wn-Xv, ImcWw Ah¿ {]mtZ-inI k`-I-fnse

Zpcp-]-tZ-jvSm-°-fm-bn-cp∂p (H.-t\m. 1 tbml. 2:18-˛19). ]e-t∏mgpw \ΩpsS ssZh-imkv{X As√-

¶n¬ k`m-hn-`mK ]mc-º-cy-ßƒ CXn-\p-Øcw \¬Ip-∂Xv IrXy-amb thZ-]p-kvXI `mK-ßƒ

]Tn-°m-sX-bmWv (H-cp-hs‚ hmZw ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn kμ¿`-Øn¬\n∂pw AS¿Øn-sb-SpØv

D≤-cn-°p∂ coXn-bmWp ImWm≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xv).

B. hnizm-k-Øns‚ hy‡X

1. bqZm, tbml. 17:12

2. intam≥ amKkv, {]hr. 8

3. aØm. 7:13-˛23 ¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-h¿

4. aØm. 13; a¿s°mkv 4; eqs°mkv 8 F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-h¿

5. tbml-∂m≥ 8:31-˛39 se sblq-Z-∑m¿

6. Ae-Ivk-¥cpw lpa-\-sbm-kpw, 1 Xnsam. 1:19-˛20

7. 1 Xnsam. 6:21 se Bfp-Iƒ

8. lpa-\-sbmkpw ^nse-tØm-kpw, 2 Xnsam. 2:16˛18

9. tZam-kv, 2 Xnsam. 4:10

10. I≈ D]-tZ-jvSm-°ƒ, 1 ]s{Xm. 2:19-˛22; bqZm hm. 12-˛19

11. FXn¿{In-kvXp, 1 tbml. 2:18-˛19

C. ê-an-√mØ hnizmkw

1. 1 sImcn. 3:10-˛15

2. 2 ]s{Xmkv 1:8˛11

C∂ coXn-bn¬ {]Xn-I-cn-°-W-sa∂v \n¿t±-in-°p∂ \ΩpsS hyh-ÿnX ssZh-imkv{Xw \nanØw

(Im¬hn-\n-kw, A¿Ωo-\n-b-\nkw BZn.) Cu thZ-`m-K-ß-sf-°p-dn®v \mw A]q¿Δ-ambn am{Xta Nn¥n-

°m-dp-≈p. Rm≥ Cu hnjbw FSp-Øn-´-Xn-\m¬ Fs∂- ap≥hn-[n-tbmsS ImW-cp-Xv. Fs‚ hnjbw icn-

bmb thZ-]p-kvXI hymJym-\-amWv. ss__nƒ \tΩmSp kwkm-cn-°p-hm≥ A\p-h-Zn-°p-I, ap≥Iqń

Xocp-am-\n® ssZh-im-kv{X-Øn-eqsS AXns\ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ {ian-°-cp-Xv. \ΩpsS ssZh-im-kv{X-

Øn-e-[n-Ihpw k`m-hn- m-K-]-chpw kmwkvIm-cn-I-]-chpw As√-¶n¬ _‘-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep-≈Xpw

(]n-Xm-hv, amXm-hv, ]mÃ¿) BWv A√msX thZ-]p-kvX-Im-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep-≈-X√ F∂Xv thZ-\m-P-\-

Ihpw sRń-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-am-Wv. ssZh-P-\-Øn-epƒs∏´ Nne¿ ssZh-P-\-a-√m-Xm-bn-Øo-cp∂p (tdm-a¿ 9:6).

11:22 ""ssZhØns‚ Zbbpw JfinXhpw ImÏ'' hoWp-t]mb a\p-jy≥ ssZh-Øns‚ hgn-Iƒ Ft∏mgpw

hntcm-[m-`m-k-ambn tXm∂m-dp≠v (H.-t\m. sbi. 55:8˛11). \ΩpsS Xnc-s™-Sp-∏p-Iƒ°v ]cn-Wn-X-^-e-ß-fp-

≠v. ssZhnI Xnc-s™-Sp∏v a\p-jys‚ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ßsf Akm-[p-hm-°p-∂n-√. tZiob bn{km-tb-ens‚

Xnc-s™-Sp∏v Hmtcm hy‡n-bp-sSbpw c£ Dd-∏m-°p-∂n-√.

""\o Zbbn¬ \ne\n∂m¬'' CXv h¿Ø-am-\-Ime A\p-_-‘-tØm-Sp-Iq-Snb aq∂mw-Xcw tkm]m-[nI

hmN-I-am-Wv. CXv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv hniz-kn-°p∂ PmXn-I-fpsS ÿnc-X- hyh-ÿm-]n-X-am-sW-∂m-Wv. \ΩpsS

hnizmkw ImØp-kq-£n-°p-∂-Xn¬ \mw D’p-I-cm-bn-cn-°Ww (H.-t\m. ^nen. 2:12-˛13). H‰bv°pw Iq´m-bp-

ap≈ ÿntcm-’mlw Bh-iy-am-bn-cn-°p∂p (H.-t\m. Kem. 6:9; shfn. 2:7,17; 3:6,13,22). ss__n-fnse kaq-l-

]-c-am-bXpw hy‡n-]-c-am-b-Xp-amb A\p-`-h-ß-fpsS a¿Ωhpw kwL¿j-hp-am-Wn-Xv. ss__n-fn¬ hmKvZ-Ø-

ßfpw (ssZ-hnI kz`m-h-Øn-\-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬) tkm]m-[nI DS-º-Sn-Ifpw (am-\p-jnI {]Xn-I-c-W-Øns‚ ASn-

ÿm-\-Øn¬) D≠v. 8:25 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: ÿntcm-’m-l-Øns‚ Bh-iy-IX ImWp-I.

11:23 Cu hmIyw hm. 22 s‚ hymI-c-W-]-chpw ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-hp-amb amXrI ]n¥p-S-cp-∂p. sblq-Z-∑m¿

am\-km-¥-c-s∏´v hniz-kn-®m¬ Ah-scbpw Dƒs∏-Sp-Øpw. PmXn-Iƒ hniz-kn-°p-∂Xp \n¿Øn-bm¬ Ahsc

X≈n-°-fbpw (H.-t\m. hm. 20). {InkvXp-hn-ep≈ {]mcw` hnizm-khpw Ah-\n-ep≈ XpS¿am\ hnizm-khpw

c≠p-t]-cpsS Imcy-Ønepw \n¿Æm-b-I-am-Wv.

tdma¿ 11:25-˛3225ktlmZc∑mtc, \nßƒ _p≤nam∑msc∂p \nßƒ°p Xt∂ tXm∂mXncn∏m≥ Cu clkyw

AdnbmXncn°cpXp F∂p Rm≥ B{Kln°p∂p; PmXnIfpsS ]q¿Æ kwJy tNcpthmfw

bn{kmtben∂p Awiambn ImTn\yw `hn®ncn°p∂p. 26Cßs\ bn{kmtb¬ apgph\pw c£n°

234

s∏Spw. ""hnSphn°p∂h≥ kotbm\n¬\n∂p hcpw; Ah≥ bmt°m_n¬\n∂p A`‡nsb am‰pw.27Rm≥ AhcpsS ]m]ßsf \o°ptºmƒ CXp Rm≥ AhtcmSp sNøp∂ \nbaw'' F∂p

FgpXnbncn°p∂pht√m. 28kphntijw kw_‘n®p Ah¿ \nßƒ \nanØw i{Xp°ƒ;

Xncs™Sp∏p kw_‘nt®m ]nXm°∑m¿ \nanØw {]nb∑m¿. 29ssZhw Xs‚ Ir]mhcßsfbpw

hnfnsbbpw Ipdn®p A\pX]n°p∂n√t√m. 30\nßƒ apsº ssZhsØ A\pkcn°mXncp∂n´p

AhcpsS A\pkcWt°Sn\m¬ Ct∏mƒ IcpW e`n®Xpt]mse, 31\nßƒ°p e`n® IcpWbm¬

Ah¿°p IcpW e`nt°≠Xn∂p Ahcpw Ct∏mƒ A\pkcn°mXncn°p∂p. 32ssZhw

F√mhtcmSpw IcpW sNtø≠Xn∂p F√mhscbpw A\pkcWt°Sn¬ AsS®pIf™p.

11:25 ""ktlmZc∑mtc, ... Cu clkyw AdnbmXncn°cpXp'' CXp ]usem-kns‚ khn-tij {]tbm-K-

amWv (H.-t\m. 1:13; 1 sImcn. 10:1; 12:1; 2 sImcn. 1:8; 1 sX . 4:13). {it≤-b-amb N¿®- Bcw-`n-°p-I-bm-Wn-Xn-

eqsS sNøp-∂-Xv. tbip-hns‚ ""Bta≥, Bta≥'' F∂-Xn\p kam-\-amb \ne-bn¬ CXp {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p.

Hcp ]pXnb hnjbw Bcw-`n-°p∂p F∂p ImWn-°m-\mWv ]usemkv ]e-t∏mgpw CXp-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv.

NASB, NKJVNRSV ""a¿Ωw''

TEV ""Hcp clky kXyw''

NJB ""CXn-s\-√m-‰n-\p-ap≈ clky ImcWw''

{]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: a¿Ωw

a\p-jys‚ hos≠-Sp-∏n-\p-th-≠n, hogvNbv°p apºp-Xs∂ Bhn-jvI-cn-°-s∏´ Hcp ]≤Xn ssZh-

Øn-\p-≠m-bn-cp∂p (H.-t\m. Dev]. 3). Cu ]≤-Xn-bpsS kqN\ ]gb \nb-a-Øn¬ ImWmw (H.-t\m.

Dev]. 3:15; 12:3; ]pd. 19:5˛6; {]hm-NI ]pkvX-I-ß-fnse km¿Δ-eu-InI thZ-`m-K-ßƒ). F¶nepw ]q¿Æ-

]-≤Xn hy‡-a-√m-bn-cp∂p (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 2:6˛8). tbip-{In-kvXp-hn-s‚bpw ]cnip≤mflmhn-s‚bpw hc-

thm-Sp-IqSn AXp IqSp-X¬ hy‡-am-Ip-hm≥ XpS-ßn. Cu kºq¿Æ hos≠-Sp-∏n≥ ]≤-Xnsb hnh-cn-°p-

∂-Xn-\mbn ""a¿Ωw'' F∂ ]Zw ]usemkv D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 4:1; Fs^. 6:19; sImsem.

4:3; 1 Xnsam. 1:9). F¶nepw Ah≥ AXns\ hnhn[ A¿∞-ß-fn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p:

1. PmXn-Isf Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\mbn bn{km-tb-en-\p-≠mb `mKnI ITn-\-s∏-S¬. PmXn-Iƒ°p-≠mb

Cu AwKo-Im-cw, tbip-hns\ {]h-N-\-Ønse {InkvXp-hmbn AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v bn{km-tb-ens\

t{]cn-∏n-°p∂ sa°m-\n-k-ambn ]cn-W-an®p (H.-t\m. tdma. 11:25-˛32).

2. {InkvXp-hnepw {InkvXp-hn-eq-sSbpw kI-e-scbpw Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp∂ kphn-tijw kIe PmXn-I-

fnepw {]kw-Kn-°p∂p (H.-t\m. tdma. 16:25-˛27; sImsem. 2:2).

3. {InkvXp-hns‚ c≠mw-h-c-hn-¶¬ hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v ]pXnb icocw e`n-°p-∂Xv (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn.

15:5˛57; 1 sX . 4:13-˛18).

4. {InkvXp-hn¬ kI-ehpw Iq´n-t®¿°p-∂Xv (H.-t\m. Fs^. 1:8˛11)

5. PmXn-Ifpw sblq-Z-∑mcpw Iq´-h-Im-in-I-fm-Ip-∂Xv (H.-t\m. Fs^. 2:11-˛3:13).

6. {InkvXphpw k`-bp-am-bp≈ _‘-Øns‚ ASp∏w hnhml kw_‘ ]Z-ß-fm¬ hnh-cn-°p-∂Xv

(H.-t\m. Fs^. 5:22-˛33).

7. PmXn-Iƒ DS-ºSn P\-X-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂Xpw Ah-cn¬ {InkvXp-km-Zriyw cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp∂Xn-\mbn

]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-\m¬ A[n-h-kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw ˛ AXm-bXv hoWp-t]mb a\pjy\nse (H.-t\m.

Dev]. 6:5,11-˛13; 8:21) XI¿∂ ssZhnI kzcq-]sØ bYm-ÿm-\-s∏-Sp-ØpI (H.-t\m. Dev]. 1:26-˛27;

5:1; 9:6; sImsem. 1:26-˛28).

8. A¥y-Ime FXn¿{InkvXp (H.-t\m. 2 sX . 2:1˛11)

9. a¿Ω-sØ°p-dn®p≈ BZna k`m kw{Klw 1 Xnsam. 3:16¬ ImWmw.

""_p≤nam∑msc∂p \nßƒ°p Xt∂ tXm∂mXncn∏m≥'' tdmam k`-bnse kwL¿j-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈

as‰mcp kqN\ (H.-t\m. hm. 18).

""PmXnIfpsS ]q¿Æ kwJy tNcpthmfw'' CtX ]Zw (πo-tdm-a-˛) hm. 12 ¬ sblq-Z-s\-°p-dn®v D]-tbm-

Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. c≠p hmIy-ßfpw ssZh-Øns‚ ap∂-dn-hn-s\bpw Xnc-s™-Sp-∏n-s\bpw Ipdn®p {]kvXm-hn-

°p-∂p. ""tNcp-thmfw'' F∂Xv Cu PmXob Ime-L-´-sØ-°p-dn-°p∂ kab ]cn-[nsb kqNn-∏n-°p∂p (H.-

t\m. eqs°m. 21:24).

235

NASB ""bn{kmtben∂p Awiambn ImTn\yw `hn®ncn°p∂p''

NKJV ""bn{kmtben∂p `mKnIambn Hcp ImTn\yw `hn®ncn°p∂p''

NRSV ""bn{kmtbens‚ Hcp `mK-Øn\p ImTn\yw `hn®ncn°p∂p''

TEV ""bn{km-tb¬ P\-Øns‚ imTyw ÿnc-am-b-X√''

NJB ""bn{km-tb-ens‚ Hcp `mKw A‘-cm-bn-Øo¿∂p''

Cu {]kvXm-h\ A. 11 apgp-h-t\mSpw _‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p. F√m-°m-eØpw hniz-kn-°p∂ sblq-Z-∑m-

cp-≠m-bn-cp∂p, D≠m-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. Cu `mKn-I-amb A‘X ssZh-Øm¬ kw`-hn-®-XmWv (hm.

8˛10) ImcWw sblq-Z≥ tbip-hns\ \nc-kn-®-Xn-eqsS kIe am\-h-cm-in-bp-sSbpw hos≠-Sp∏p km[y-am-

bn. ssZhw kI-e-P-\-Øn\pw c£ hmKvZØw sNbvXp (H.-t\m. Dev]. 3:15). kI-e-scbpw c£n-°p-hm≥

Ah≥ A{_m-lm-ans\ Xnc-s™-SpØp (H.-t\m. ]pd. 19:5˛6, 8:28 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWp-I). \nK-

fw, Ahn-iz-kvX-X, Ahn-izmkw F∂n-h-bn-eqsS bn{km-tb¬ Ah-fpsS ssZXy-Øn¬ ]cm-P-b-s∏-´p. bn{km-

tb-ens\ A\p-{K-ln-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS PmXob temIsØ k‘n-°p-hm≥ ssZhw B{K-ln®p (H.-t\m. Bh. 27-

˛29). DS-ºSn ]men-°p-∂-Xn\v bn{km-tben\p Ign-™n-√, AXn-\m¬ Xmev°m-en-I-amb \ymb-hn[n Ah-fp-

sS-ta¬ h∂p. Ct∏mƒ ssZhw Cu \ymb-hn-[nsb FSpØv hnizmkw aqew a\p-jy-cm-insb hos≠Sp°pI

F∂ Xs‚ bYm¿∞ ]≤Xn \nh¿Øn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ apJm-¥-c-am-°n-Øo¿Øp (H.-t\m. hm. 30-˛31; sbsl.

36:22-˛38).

11:26 ""Cßs\ bn{kmtb¬ apgph\pw c£n°s∏Spw'' km[y-amb c≠p hymJym-\-ß-fp-≠v.

1. CXv tZiob bn{km-tb-ens\ kqNn-∏n-°p∂p ˛ Hmtcm sblqZ hy‡n-bp-a√ adn®v Ncn-{X-Øns‚ Hcp

{]tXyI L´-Ønse `qcn-]-£w.

2. CXv Hc¿∞-Øn¬ Bflob bn{km-tb-emb k`sb kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.

]usemkv Cu Bibw tdma. 2:28-˛29 (Kem. 6:16; 1 ]s{Xm. 2:5˛9; shfn. 1:6) ¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≠v. hm. 12 se

""sblq-Zs‚ ]q¿Æ-kwJy'' hm. 25 se ""PmXn-I-fpsS ]q¿Æ-kwJy'' F∂nh kam-¥c _‘-Øn-ep-≈-Xm-

Wv. AXv ssZhnI Xnc-s™-Sp-∏n-t\m-Sp≈ _‘-Øn-ep≈ ""apgph\pw'' BWv, A√msX Hmtcm hy‡nbpw

F∂ A¿∞-Øn-ep≈ ""apgph\pw'' A√. hmKvZ-Ø-Øns‚ Henhp hr£w Hcp Zn\w ]q¿Øn-bm-Ipw.

10:30-˛32 Cu hmIy-ßƒ ssZhnI ]≤-Xn-bp-sSbpw Dt±-iy-ß-fp-sSbpw kw{K-l-am-Wv.

1. Ah F√m-bvt]mgpw ssZhnI Icp-Wbn¬ ASn-ÿm-\-s∏- -XmWv (9:15- 16 s‚ Ipdn∏p ImWp-I) A√msX

\nc-¶p-i-amb Xocp-am-\-a-√. ""IcpW'' F∂ ]Zw Cu hnime kμ¿`-Øn¬ \mep {]mhiyw D]-tbm-

Kn-®n- p-≠v.

2. ssZhw kIe a\p-jy-scbpw \ymbw hn[n-°p-∂p. sblq-Z\pw PmXn-Ifpw ]m]n-I-fmWv (H.-t\m. 3:9,19,23;

5:11).

3. ssZhw a\p-jys‚ Ah-iy-I-Xbpw Ign-hn-√m-bvabpw kIe a\p-jy-tcmSpw Xs‚ IcpW {]Z¿in-∏n-

°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Ah-k-c-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p (H.-t\m. hm. 22). ho≠pw kμ¿`-a-\p-k-cn®v ""apgp-h\pw''

F∂ ]Zw hm. 12 s‚bpw 25-˛26 s‚bpw shfn-®-Øn¬ thWw ImWp-hm≥. apgp-h≥ hy‡n-Ifpw

ssZh-Øns‚ hmKvZm-\-tØmSp {]Xn-I-cn-°p-∂n-√, F¶nepw F√m-hcpw hos≠-Sp-∏ns‚ ]cn-[n-bn¬

Dƒs∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂p (H.-t\m. 5:12-˛21; tbml. 3:16). Hm! ssZh-ta, AXß-s\-bm-bn-cn-°s´!

11:30- 31 ""Ahcpw Ct∏mƒ'' CXv tbip-hn-ep≈ hnizm-k-Øm¬ tZio-b- bn-{kmtben\v kw -hn-°p∂ Bflob

cq]m-¥-csØ kqNn-∏n-°p∂p (H.-t\m. skJ. 12:10). PmXn-I-fpsS ""Ahn-izmk''sØ ssZh-Øns‚ Icp-

Wbm¬ AXnPo-hn-®-Xp-t]mse sblq-Zs‚ ""Ahn-izmk''sØbpw AXn-Po-hn-°pw.

tdma¿ 11:33-˛3633lm, ssZhØns‚ [\w, ⁄m\w, Adnhp F∂nhbpsS Bgta! Ahs‚ \ymbhn[nIƒ F{X

A{]tabhpw Ahs‚ hgnIƒ F{X AtKmNchpw BIp∂p. 34I¿Ømhns‚ a\ p Adn™h≥

B¿? 35Ah∂p a{¥nbmbncp∂h≥ B¿? Ah∂p h√Xpw apsº sImSpØn´p {]Xnêw

hmßp∂h≥ B¿? 36kIehpw Ah\n¬ \n∂pw Ah\mepw Ah¶te°pw BIp∂pht√m; Ah∂p

Ft∂°pw alXzw, Bta≥.

11:33-˛36 CXp ]usem-kns‚ AXn-k-b-I-c-amb al-Xzo-I-c-W {]kvXm-h-\-I-fn-sem-∂m-Wv. ssZh-Øns‚

hgn-I-sf-°p-dn®v ]usemkv A¤p-Xm-[o-\-\m-Ip∂p: DS-ºSn hniz-kvX-X, DS-º-Sn-bnse Dƒs∏-Sp-Ø¬, DS-

ºSn ]q¿Øo-I-c-Ww.

11:33 ""[\w'' ]usem-kns‚ CjvS {]tbm-K-am-WnXv (H.-t\m. 2:4; 9:23; 10:12; 11:12,33; Fs^. 1:7,8; 2:7; 3:8,16;

^nen. 4:19; sImsem. 1:27). kphn-ti-j-Øns‚ Du∂epw a\p-jys‚ {]Xym-ibpw ssZh-Øns‚ kz`m-h-Øn-

236

s‚bpw ]≤-Xn-bp-sSbpw Icp-Wm-]-c-amb kar-≤n-bmWv (H.-t\m. sbi. 55:1˛7).

""Ahs‚ \ymbhn[nIƒ F{X A{]tabhpw Ahs‚ hgnIƒ F{X AtKmNchpw BIp∂p'' A[ym-

b-ßƒ 9˛11 se sshcp≤ym-flI kXy-ß-fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ CXv A\p-tbm-Py-amb alXz {]kvXm-h\

Xs∂-bmWv (H.-t\m. sbi. 55:8˛11).

11-:34 sbi. 40:13-˛14 s‚ sk]v‰z-Pn‚n¬ \n∂p≈ D≤-c-Wn-bmWv CXv. AhnsS ssZhw Xs‚ P\sØ {]hm-

k-Øn¬ \n∂pw aS-°n-sIm-≠p-h∂p c£n-°p-∂p. 1 sImcn. 2:16 ¬ ]usemkv CtX hmIyw D≤-cn-°p-∂p-sh-

¶nepw AhnsS tbip-hns\ ""I¿Ømhv'' F∂p \ma-I-cWw sNøp-∂p.

11-:35 Ctøm. 35:7 As√-¶n¬ 41:11 s‚ D≤-c-Wn-bmWv CXv.

11:36 ""kIehpw Ah\n¬ \n∂pw Ah\mepw Ah¶te°pw BIp∂pht√m'' Cu kμ¿`-Øn¬ CXp

]nXmhmw ssZh-sØ°p-dn®v BWv (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 11:12) F¶nepw ]p{X\mw ssZhsØ ]cm-a¿in-°p∂

]pXnb \nba `mK-ß-tfmSp kam-\X ]pe¿Øp-∂-XmWv (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 8:6; sImsem. 1:16; F{_m. 2:16).

kI-ehpw ssZh-Øn¬\n∂pw ]pd-s∏´v ssZh-Øn-¶-te°p aS-ßn-s®-√p-∂-Xmbn ]usemkv {]kvXm-hn-°p-

∂p.

""Ah∂p Ft∂°pw alXzw'' ssZh-Øn\p alXzw Itc-‰p∂ ]pXnb \nb-a-Øns‚ X\Xp {]kvXm-h-

\-bm-Wn-Xv. CXp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv

1. Nne-t∏mƒ ]nXm-hn∂v (H.-t\m. 16:27; Fs^. 3:21; ^nen. 4:20; 1 ]s{Xm. 4:11; 5:11; bqZm 25; shfn. 5:13;

7:12)

2. Nne-t∏mƒ ]p{X\v (H.-t\m. 1 Xnsam. 1:17; 2 Xnsam. 4:18; 2 ]s{Xm. 3:18; shfn. 1:16)










1. Fß-s\-bmWv bn{km-tb¬ ssZh-Øns‚ c£m-h-gnsb \jvS-am-°n-bXv?

2. ssZhw bn{km-tb-ens\ X≈n-°-f-™n-´n√ F∂p sXfn-bn-°m≥ ]usemkv \¬Ip∂ c≠p Imc-W-

ßƒ Fs¥√mw?

3. F¥p-sIm-≠mWv ssZhw sblq-Z-∑m-cpsS lrZbw ITn-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv? Fßs\?

4. sblqZ ""tijn∏v'' F∂ Bibw sIm≠v A¿∞-am-°p-∂-sX-¥mWv (hm. 2˛5)?

5. ]pXnb \nb-a-Ønse ""a¿Ωw'' F∂ ]Zw \n¿Δ-Nn-°p-I.

6. 11:26 s‚ A¿∞-sa-¥mWv? F¥p-sIm≠v? AXv 9:6 ambn Fßs\ _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p?

7. PmXob hnizm-k-Iƒ°v ]usemkv \¬Ip∂ ap∂-dn-bn∏v F¥mWv (hm. 17-˛24)?

237

{InkvXp-hn-ep≈ ssZh-Øn\p Poh th¿Xn-cn-°-s∏´ ssZhnI ip{iqj Bflob

]pXnb PohnXw \p≈ bmKw PohnXw bpsS PohnXw Bcm-[\

12:1˛2 12:1˛8 12:1˛2 12:1˛2 12:1˛2

Xmgvabpw

kvt\lhpw

12:3˛8 12:3˛8 12:3˛8 12:3˛13

{InkvXob PohnX {InkvXym-\nsb Blzm-\-ßƒ

Øns‚ \nb-a-ßƒ t∏mse s]cpam

dpI

12:9˛21 12:9˛21 12:9˛13 12:9˛21 i{Xp-°-fpƒs∏sS

F√m-h-scbpw

kvt\ln-°pI

12:14˛21 12:14˛16 12:14˛21

12:17˛21
















4. BZnbmbh

hm. 1˛8 s‚ ]›m-Øe Dƒ°m-gvN-IƒA. CXp tdmam-te-J-\-Øns‚ Hcp {]mtbm-KnI `mK-Øn\p XpS°w Ipdn-°p∂ (12:1-˛15:13). ]usem-kns‚

teJ-\-ßƒ Ah-k-cm-\p-krX tcJ-Iƒ Bbn-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm≠v Ahbv°v D]-tZ-i-]-chpw {]mtbm-

Kn-I-hp-amb `mK-ßƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp {]mtZinI {]iv\-sØtbm {]Xn-k-‘n-sbtbm A`n-kw-

t_m-[\ sNøp-∂-Xn-\m-bn-cp∂p ]usemkv Fgp-Xn-b-Xv. tdma¿ 1˛8 Hcp at\m-l-c-amb D]-tZi kw{K-

l-am-b-Xp-sIm≠v AXns‚ ss\Xn-Ihpw {]mtbm-Kn-I-hp-amb `mKw Xpey-am-bn-Øs∂ i‡-am-Wv.

B. PohnX ssien-bpsS {]mtbm-Kn-IX IqSm-sX-bp≈ ssZh-imkv{Xw ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂p-≈-X√ (H.-t\m.

aØm. 7:24-˛27; tbml. 13:17; tdma. 2:13; bmt°m. 1:22,25; 2:14˛26). ]usemkv tbip-hn-ep≈ hnizm-k-

Øn-eqsS hnizm-k-Øm¬ kuP-\y-ambn e`n-°p∂ Hcp c£-bmWv D]-tZ-in-°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ Cu

kuP-\y-Zm-\-Øns‚ Dt±iyw \ΩpsS Pohn-XsØ auen-I-ambn am‰pI F∂-Xm-Wv. c£ kuP-\y-am-

Wv, F∂m¬ AXv auen-I-amb Hcp {InkvXo-b-X-bm¬ AXv A\p-h¿Øn-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xm-Wv. hnip-≤o-

I-c-W-Øn¬\n∂pw \oXo-I-c-WsØ th¿s]-Sp-Øp-hm≥ \mw ss[cy-s∏-Sp-∂n√!

C. hm. 1˛2, apgp-h≥ {]mtbm-KnI `mK-Øn-s‚bpw Hcp Bap-J-am-Wv. Bflm-hn-\m¬ \bn-°-s∏-Sp∂ Pohn-

238

X-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-am-WnXv (A-Xm. A[ymbw 8).

D. hm. 3˛8, Bflob hc-sØ-∏‰n N¿® sNøp-∂-p-. \ΩpsS {InkvXp-hn-te-°p≈ apgp-h≥ t\´hpw ssZhnI

ip{iq-j-bv°mbpw (H.-t\m. Bh. 6:4-˛5; aØm. 22:37). a‰p-≈-h-cpsS ip{iq-j-bv°mbpw \¬I-s∏-SWw

(H.-t\m. tehy. 19:18; aØm. 19:19). Cu hc-ßƒ Du∂n-∏-d-bp-∂Xv {InkvXp-hn-ep≈ \ΩpsS sFIy-X-

sbbpw \ΩpsS hyXy-kvX-ß-fmb hc-ß-sf-bp-amWv (H.-t\m. Fs^. 4:1˛10). hnizm-kn-Iƒ sFIy-X-

bv°mbpw GtIm-]-\-Øn-\mbpw ]cn-{i-an-°-Ww. ]ckv]cw ip{iq-jn-°p-∂-Xn\v ssZh-Øm¬ {]m]vX-

cm-°-s∏-Sp∂p (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 12:7,11; Fs^. 4:11-˛13)!

]Z, ssieo ]T\w

tdma¿ 12:1˛21ktlmZc∑mtc, Rm≥ ssZhØns‚ a\ enhp Hm¿∏n®p \nßsf {]t_m[n∏n°p∂Xp:

\nßƒ _p≤nbp≈ Bcm[\bmbn \nßfpsS icocßsf Poh\pw hnip≤nbpw ssZhØn∂p

{]kmZhpap≈ bmKambn ka¿∏n∏n≥. 2Cu temIØn∂p A\pcq]amImsX \∑bpw {]kmZhpw

]q¿ÆXbpap≈ ssZhlnXw C∂sX∂p Xncn®dntb≠Xn∂p a\ p ]pXp°n cq]m¥cs∏Sphn≥.

""AXp-sIm≠v'' (ae-bmfw ss__n-fn¬ Cu ]Zw C√). ]usemkv Cu ]Zw Xs‚ kphn-tij Ah-X-c-

W-Ønse kp{]-[m\ hgn-Øn-cn-hp-I-fn¬ D]-tbm-Kn®p.

1. 5:1 apX¬ ""hnizm-k-Øm-ep≈ \oXo-I-cW'' sØ AXp kw{K-ln®p

2. 8:1 apX¬ hnizm-kn-Iƒ°p ]m]-tØm-Sp≈ _‘sØ kw{K-ln-°p-∂p. CXns\ hnip-≤o-I-cWw

F∂p hnfn-°p-∂p.

3. 12:1 apX¬ hnizm-kn-I-fpsS ssZ\w-Zn\ Pohn-X-Ønse \oXo-I-c-W-Øn-s‚bpw hnip-≤o-I-c-a-Øn-s‚bpw

{]mtbm-KnI {]h¿Ø-\-tØmSv _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p.

12:1 ""ktlmZc∑mtc'' Hcp ]pXnb hnjbw Bcw-`n-°m≥ th≠n ]usemkv Cu ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-°m-dp-≠v.

""ssZhØns‚ a\ enhp Hm¿∏n®p'' sk]v‰z-Pn‚n¬ CXp ssZh-Øns‚ a\- -en-hns\ kqNn-∏n-°p∂p

(H.-t\m. ]pd. 34:6). ChnsS CXp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv 1˛11 A[ym-b-ß-fpsS D]-tZ-i-]-c-amb ]ptcm-K-Xn-sb-bm-Wv.

hoWp-t]mb a\p-jy-h¿§-tØm-Sp≈ CS-]m-Sn¬ tdmam-te-J-\-Øn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ ""IcpW''-bn-t∑¬ (H-bn-

°n-sb-bn-tdm, Feotbm ˛ oikieirw, eleew) Hcp hy‡-amb Du∂¬ sImSp-°-ep≠v (H.-t\m. 9:15,16,18,23;

11:30,31,32; 12:8; 15:9). ssZh-Øns‚ Ir]bpw Icp-Wbpw kuP-\y-ambn hmKvZØw sNø-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬

hnizm-kn-Iƒ tbmKy-X-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-e-√, \μn-\n-anØw `‡n-\n¿`c PohnXw \bn-t°-≠-XmWv (H.-

t\m. Fs^. 1:4; 2:8,910). ]pXnb PohnXw (H.-t\m. sImsem. 3:9,10,12) sIm≠¿∞-am-Ip-∂Xv a‰p-≈-hsc

{InkvXp-hn-ep≈ hnizm-k-Øn-te°p \bn-°pI F∂-Xm-Wv.

NASB ""Rm≥ \nßsf \n¿_-‘n-°p∂p''

NKJV ""Rm≥ \nßsf {]t_m-[n∏n°p∂p''

NRSV, TEV ""Rm≥ \nßtfmSv At]£n-°p∂p''

NJB ""Rm≥ \nßtfmSp bmNn-°p∂p''

Cu ssien arZphpw ITn-\-hp-am-Wv. icn-bmb Pohn-X-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ Hcp Blzm-\-am-Wn-Xv. ]usemkv

Cu ]Z-{]-tbmKw an°-t∏mgpw D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p (H.-t\m. 12:1; 15:30; 16:17; 1 sImcn. 1:10; 4:16; 16:15; 2 sImcn. 2:8;

5:20; 6:1; 10:1; 12:8; Fs^. 4:1; ^nen. 4:2; 1 sX . 4:16; 1 Xnsam. 1:3; ^nte. 9˛10).

NASB ""\nß-fpsS Bflob Bcm-[-\-bmbn''

NKJV ""\nß-fpsS _p≤n-bp≈ Bcm-[-\-bmbn''

NRSV ""\nß-fpsS Bflob Bcm-[-\-bmbn''

TEV ""icn-bmb Bcm-[-\-bmWv \nßƒ A¿∏n-t°-≠Xv''

NJB ""\nß-fpsS Aÿ-XzsØ°p-dn®v Nn¥n-°p-hm≥ tbmKy-amb \ne-bn¬''

Cu ]Zw (tem-Kn-t°m-kv-˛logikoj) ""IW-°n-SpI, Nn¥n-°pI'' F∂¿∞w hcp∂ temKn-Uvtkm-ambn

(logizomai) F∂ ]Z-Øn¬\n∂pw h∂n-´p-≈-Xm-Wv (H.-t\m. a¿s°m. 11:31; 1 sImcn. 13:11; ^nen. 4:8). 1

]s{Xm. 2:2 ¬ ""Bflobw'' F∂ A¿∞-Ønepw Cu ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≠v. NØ bmK-ar-K-ßsf D]-tbm-

Kn®p \S-Øp∂ NS-ßmb Bcm-[-\bv°p ]Icw Hcp-h≥ Xs∂-Øm≥ Poh-\p≈ Bcm-[-\-bmbn ka¿∏n-

°p-∂-Xn-s\-bmWv CXp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. ssZhw B{K-ln-°p-∂Xv ssZ\w-Zn\ Pohn-XsØ kzm[o-\n-°mØ

239

Hu]Nm-cnI NS-ßp-I-f-√, kvt\l-Ønepw tkh-\-Øn-ep-ap≈ \ΩpsS Pohn-X-sØ-bm-Wv.

""\nßfpsS icocßsf'' uXnI icocw Xn∑-bm-sW∂p hnNm-cn-®n-cp∂ {Ko°p XXz-im-kv{X-Øn¬\n∂pw

{InkvXym-\nXzw hfsc hyXy-kvX-am-Wv. CXv {]tem-`-\-Øns‚ t]m¿°-f-Øn-emWv F∂m¬ \njv]-£-

amWv (hm. 2 ¬ ""icocw'' F∂ ]Zw ""a\ v'' F∂ ]Z-Øn\v kam-¥-c-amWv). hnizm-kn-Iƒ apºv ]m]-

Øn\p ka¿∏n-®n-cp-∂-Xp-t]mse (H.-t\m. tdma. 6) Xß-sf-Øs∂ apgp-h\pw ssZh-Øn\p ka¿∏n-t°-≠-

XmWv (H.-t\m. Bh. 6:5; 1 sImcn. 6:20).

""Poh\pw'' CXv sblqZy A√-¶n¬ PmXob ssZhm-e-b-ß-fn¬ A¿∏n-®n-cp∂ Poh-\n-√mØ bmK-ß-

fn¬\n∂pw hyXy-kvX-amWv (H.-t\m. 6:13; Kem. 2:20).

""hnip-≤nbpw'' ""hnip≤w'' F∂Xn-\¿∞w ""ssZhnI ip{iq-jbv°mbn th¿Xn-cn-°-s∏-´Xv'' F∂m-Wv.

Cu ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ Cu ]Z-{]-tbm-K-Øns‚ e£yw hnizm-kn-I-fpsS hnip-≤o-I-c-Whpw ssZh-Øns‚

Dt±-iy-ßƒ°p-th≠n Ah-\m¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\p≈ e`y-X-bp-am-Wv.

{]tXyI ]T\hnjbw: hnip≤wI. ]gb\nbaw

A. ImtZmjv (BDB 872) F∂ ]ZØns‚ hypev]Øn \n›ban√, I\m\y ]Zambncn°mw. aqe]Z

Øns‚ `mKØn\v (AXm. IvZ v) ""hn`Pn°pI'' F∂ A¿∞ap≠mbncn°m≥ km[yXbp≠v.

""ssZhnI D]tbmKØn\mbn th¿Xncn°s∏´Xv'' (I\m\y kwkvImcØn¬ \n∂pw, H.t\m. Bh.

7:6; 14:2,21; 26:19) F∂ km[mcW \n¿hN\w D≠mbXv CXn¬ \n∂mImw.

B. hkvXp°ƒ ÿeßƒ, kabßƒ, hy‡nIƒ F∂nhbnep≈ ssZhnI km∂n[ytØmSv CXp

_‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. Dev]-Øn-bn¬ CXp]tbmKn®n´n√, F¶nepw ]pd∏mSv, tehy, kwJym

]pkvXIßfn¬ km[mcWambnØo¿∂p.

C. {]hmNI kmlnXyØn¬ ({]tXyIm¬ sbiømhv, tlmtib) hy‡n]camb LSIßƒ AhX

cn∏n°p∂psh¶nepw ap≥\ncbn¬ Du∂n∏dbp∂n√. AXv ssZhnI kmcmwisØ kqNn∏n°p∂

Xn\p≈ Hcp am¿§ambnØocp∂p (H.t\m. sbi. 6:3). ssZhw hnip≤\mWv. Ahs‚ kz`mhsØ

shfns∏SpØp∂ Ahs‚ P\w hnip≤cmWv (Ah¿ hnizmktØmsS DSºSn A\pkcn°p

sa¶n¬).

D. ssZhØns‚ IcpWsbbpw kvt\lsØbpw DSºSnIƒ, \oXn, A\nhmcy kz`mhßƒ F∂o

ssZhimkv{X Bibßfn¬ \n∂pw th¿s]SpØm≥ IgnbpIbn√. ChnsSbmWv Aip≤hpw

hogvN kw -hn-®Xpw a’-cn-I-fp-amb a\pjyh¿§tØmSp≈ ssZhØns‚ kwL¿jw ImWp∂Xv.

""IcpWbp≈'' ssZhhpw ""hnip≤\mb'' ssZhhpw XΩnep≈ _‘sØ∏‰n \s√mcp teJ\w

tdm_¿´v _n. Kn¿Un¬tÃmWns‚ knt\m\nwkv Hm^v Z HmƒUv sSÃvsa‚ v (t]. 112˛113) F∂

{KŸØn¬ ImWmw.

II. ]pXnb \nbaw

A. ]pXnb\nba FgpØpIm¿ (eqs°mkv HgnsI) F{_mb Nn¥Icpw F∂m¬ sImbvt\ {Ko°n

\m¬ kzm[o\n°s∏´hcpw (AXm. sk]v‰zPn‚ v) Bbncp∂p. ]gb\nbaØns‚ {Ko°p]cn`mj

bmWv AhcpsS ]ZkºØns\ kzm[o\n®Xv, A√msX {Ko°p kmlnXytam Nn¥Itfm aXtam

A√mbncp∂p.

B. tbip hnip≤\mWv, ImcWw Ah≥ ssZhØn¬ \n∂p≈h\pw ssZhXpey\pambncp∂p (H.t\m.

eqs°m. 1:35; 4:34; {]hr. 3:14; 4:27,30). Ah≥ hnip≤\pw \oXnam\pamWv ({]hr. 3:14; 22:14).

tbip ]m]-c-ln-X-\m-I-bm¬ hnip-≤-amWv (H.t\m. tbml. 8:46; 2 sImcn. 5:21; F{_m. 4:15; 7:26;

1 ]s{Xm. 1:19; 2:22; 1 tbml. 3:5).

C. ssZhw hnip≤\mIbm¬ Ahs‚ a°fpw hnip≤cmbncnt°Ww (H.t\m. tehy. 11:44˛45; 19:2;

20:7,26; aØmbn 5:48; 1 ]s{Xm. 1:16). tbip hnip≤\mIbm¬ Ahs‚ A\pbmbnIfpw

hnip≤cmbncnt°Ww (H.t\m. tdma. 8:28˛29; 2 sImcn. 3:18; Kem. 4:19; Fs^. 1:4; 1 sX . 3:13;

4:3; 1 ]s{Xm. 1:15). {InkvXp Xpeycmbn (hnip≤nbn¬) ip{iqjn°p∂Xn\mWv {InkvXym\nIƒ

c£n°s∏´Xv.

""ssZhØn∂p {]kmZhpap≈'' ]gb \nb-a-Ønse A\p-tbm-Py-amb bmK-sØ-bmWv CXp kqNn-∏n-

°p-∂Xv (H.-t\m. hm. 2). Bfp-I-sf-°p-dn®p kqNn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ ""\njvI-f-¶-amb'' F∂ A¿∞-am-Wn-Xn-\p-

≈Xv (H.-t\m. Dev]. 6:9; 17:1; Bh. 18:13; Ctøm. 1:1).

240

12:2 ""Cu temI-Øn\v'' CXv A£-co-I-ambn ""bpKw'' BWv. sblq-Z-∑m¿°v c≠v bpK-ßƒ D≠m-bn-cp∂p

( H.-t\m. aØm. 12:32; a¿s°m. 10:30; eqs°m. 20:34˛35), Ct∏m-gsØ ZpjvS bpKhpw (H.-t\m. Kem. 4:14; 2

sImcn. 4:4; Fs^. 2:2), hcp-hm-\p≈ bpKhpw (H.-t\m. aØm. 28:20; F{_m. 1:3; 1 tbml. 2:15˛17). hnizm-kn-

Iƒ Pohn-°p-∂Xv Cu c≠p bpKhpw Ihn™p InS-°p∂ kwL¿jw \nd™ Ime-L-´-Øn-em-Wv. {InkvXp-

hns‚ c≠p hc-hp-Iƒ \nanØw hnizm-kn-Iƒ Pohn-°p-∂Xv Ct∏mƒ D≈Xpw C\n hcm-\p-≈-Xp-amb ssZh-

cm-Py-Øns‚ ""h∂p Ign-™p, F∂m¬ Bbn-ń√'' F∂ kwL¿j-Øn-em-Wv.

""A\pcq]amImsX'' \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Hcp {]hrØn \n¿Øp-∂-Xns\ kqNn-∏n-°p∂ s\K-‰ohv

]m¿ń-°n-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb Hcp h¿Øam\Ime I¿ΩWn hn[n-cq-]amWn-Xv. ^nen. 2:6˛8 ¬ ImWp-∂, _mly-

amb am‰-Øns‚ amXr-I-bp-sSbpw (kvJo-am, 2:8) B¥-cnI am‰-Øns‚ A¥-k-Ø-bp-sSbpw (tam¿s^,

2:6˛7) CS--bnep≈ sshcp≤yw ChnsS hm. 2 epw ImWmw. hnizm-kn-Iƒ Ah¿ Ct∏mgpw Hcp `mK-am-bn-cn-

°p∂ hogvN kw`-hn® temI kwhn-[m-\-Øn-s‚ (a-’-c-Øns‚ ]gb bpKw) am‰Øn\-\p-k-cn®v amdn-s°m-

≠n-cn-°p-I-b-√, adn®v {InkvXp-km-Zr-iy-Øn-te-°p≈ (B-flm-hns‚ ]pXnb bpKw) B¥-cnI am‰-Øn\p

hnt[-b-am-bn-cn-°-bmWp th≠-sX-∂mWv ChnsS {]t_m-[n-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

{]tXyI ]T\hnjbw:

Ct∏mgp≈ bpKhpw hcphm\p≈ bpKhpw

]gb\nba {]hmNI∑m¿ `mhnsb h¿Øam\ ImeØns‚ hn]peoIcWambn´mWv ho£n®ncn

°p∂Xv. Ahsc kw_‘n®v `mhn, `qan imkv{X]camb bn{kmtbens‚ bYmÿm]\ambncp∂p.

F¶nepw Ahcpw AXns\ ]pXnb Zn\ambn I≠p (H.t\m. sbi. 65:17; 66:22). A{_lmans‚ k¥Xn

btlmhsb a\∏q¿Δw \nckn°p∂Xp XpS¿∂t∏mƒ ({]hmkØn\p tijhpw) sblqZs‚ CS°me

shfn∏mSp kmlnXyØn¬ Hcp ]pXnb amXrI cq]w sIm≠p (AXm. 1 lmt\m°v, 4 F{km, 2 _mcq°v).

Cu FgpØpIƒ c≠p Imeßsf XΩn¬ th¿Xncn®p: kmØms‚ B[n]Xyap≈ Ct∏mgsØ ZpjvS

bpKhpw ]cnip≤mflmhns‚ B[n]Xyap≈Xpw ainlmbm¬ (an°t∏mgpw Hcp t]mcmfn) ÿm]nX

amIp∂Xpamb hcm\ncn°p∂ \oXnbpsS bpKhpw.

Cu ssZhimkv{X taJebn¬ (A¥yIme imkv{Xw) hy‡amb hf¿® D≠mbn´p≠v. ssZhim

kv{X⁄∑m¿ CXns\ ""{Iam\pKX shfn∏mSv'' F∂p hnfn°p∂p. Cu ]pXnb BtKmf bmYm¿∞yamb

c≠p bpKßsf (AXmbXv ùanI Zzμw) ]pXnb \nbaw ÿncoIcn°p∂p≠v.

tbip ]usemkv F{_mb¿

aØm. 12:32 tdma. 12:2 1:2

aØm. 13:22 & 29 1 sImcn. 1:20; 2:6,8; 3:18 6:5

a¿s°m. 10:30 2 sImcn. 4:4 11:3

eqs°m. 16:8 Kem. 1:4

eqs°m. 18:30 Fs^. 1:21; 2:1,7; 6:12

eqs°m. 20:34˛-35 1 Xnsam. 6:17

2 Xnsam. 4:10

XosØm. 2:12

]pXnb \nba ssZhimkv{XØn¬, ainlmbpsS c≠p hchns\ kw_‘n®p≈ A{]Xo£nXhpw

AhKWn°s∏´Xpamb {]hN\ßƒ \nanØw Cu c≠p sblqZ bpKßƒ ]ckv]cw hym]n®p InS°p

∂p. tbiphns‚ PUmhXmcw, ]pXnb bpKØns‚ XpS°w kw_‘n® ]gb\nba {]hN\ßsf

\nh¿Ønbm°n (Zm\o. 2:44˛45). ]gb\nbaw Ah≥ \ymbm[n]\pw Pbmfnbpambn hcp∂Xv {]hNn®n´p

s≠¶nepw Ah≥ BZyw IjvSs∏Sp∂ Zmk\mbn´pw (H.t\m. sbi. 53; skJ. 12:10), Xmgvabpw kuay

Xbpw D≈h\pambn´mWv (H.t\m. skJ. 99) h∂Xv. ]gb \nbaw {]hNn®Xpt]mse (H.t\m. shfn.

19) Ah≥ i‡ntbmsS aSßnhcpw. Cu c≠p L´Ønep≈ \nhrØn, ssZhcmPyw k∂nlnXambn

(DZvLmS\w sNøs∏´p) F∂m¬ mhnbn¬ hcm\p≈XmWv (]q¿Æambn \nhrØnbmbnń√) F∂Xn\pw

ImcWambn. h∂p Ign™p F∂m¬ Bbnń√ F∂ ]pXnb\nba kwL¿jw CXmWv.

""\∑bpw {]kmZhpw ]q¿ÆXbpap≈'' c£-bv°p-tijw hnizm-kn-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ ssZh-Øns‚

CjvSsØ CXp {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p∂p (H.-t\m. ^nen. 4:4˛9). Hmtcm hnizm-kn-sb-°p-dn-®p-ap≈ ssZh-Øns‚

Dt±iyw Ct∏mƒ {InkvXp-km-Zriyw {]m]n-°pI F∂-XmWv (H.-t\m. aØm. 5:48).

241

""]q¿ÆXbpap≈'' Cu ]Z-Øn-\¿∞w ""]Iz-X-bp-≈, \n›-bn-°-s∏´ Hcp ISa \n¿h-ln-°p-∂-Xn\p

{]m]vXn-bp-≈, ]Iz-am-b, AYhm ]q¿Æ-X-bp≈'' Fs∂-√m-am-Wv. ""]m]-an-√mØ'' F∂v CXn-\¿∞-an-√.

Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ Imcy-ßƒ°mbn CXp-]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂p

1. HSn™ ssIIm-ep-Iƒ ho≠pw kuJyw {]m]n®v ]q¿Δ ÿnXn-bn-em-Ip-∂Xv

2. Iodnb he Xbv®v ho≠pw ao≥]n-Sp-Ø-Øn\pw tbmKy-am-°n-bXv

3. `£-W-tbm-Ky-amb \ne-bn¬ hf¿® {]m]n® tImgn-°p-™p-ßƒ

4. IS¬ bm{Xbv°p k÷-amb I∏-ep-Iƒ

""ssZh-lnXw'' Xmsg-s°m-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂ {]tXyI ]T\ hnjbw ImWp-I.

{]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw:

ssZh-Øns‚ CjvSw (sX-en-am˛qelhmaqelhmaqelhmaqelhmaqelhma)tbml-∂ms‚ kphn-tijw

˛ tbip ]nXm-hns‚ CjvSw sNbvhm≥ h∂p (H-.t\m. 4:34; 5:30; 6:35).

˛ ]nXmhp ]p{X\p \¬In-b-hsc F√mw HSp-°sØ \mfn¬ Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂¬∏n-°-W-sa-∂Xv

(H.-t\m. 6:39).

˛ F√m-hcpw ]p{X-\n¬ hniz-kn-t°-W-sa-∂Xv (H.-t\m. 6:29,40)

˛ ssZthjvSw sNøp-∂-Xn-t\mSp _‘-s∏´v adp-]Sn e`n® {]m¿∞\ (H.-t\m. 9:31; 1 tbml. 5:14).

ka-ho-£W kphn-ti-j-ßƒ

˛ ssZthjvSw sNøp-∂Xv \n¿Æm-b-I-amWv (H.-t\m. aØm. 7:21).

˛ ssZthjvSw sNøp-∂Xv Hcp-hs\ tbip-hns‚ ktlm-Z-ct\m ktlm-Z-cntbm B°pw (H.-t\m.

aØm. 12:50; a¿s°m. 3:35).

˛ Bcpw \in-®p-t]m-Ip-∂Xv ssZh-Øns‚ CjvS-a-√ (H.-t\m. aØm. 18:14; 1 Xnsam. 2:4; 2 ]s{Xm.

3:9).

˛ Im¬hdn tbip-hn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ ssZh-Øns‚ CjvS-am-bn-cp-∂p (H.-t\m. aØm. 26:42; eqs°m.

22:42).

]usem-kns‚ teJ-\-Øn¬

˛ kIe hnizm-kn-I-fp-sSbpw ]Iz-Xbpw ip{iq-jbpw (H.-t\m. tdma. 12:1-˛2).

˛ hnizm-kn-Iƒ Cu ZpjvS-tem-I-Øn¬ \n∂p hnSp-hn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv (H-.t\m. Kem. 1:4).

˛ ssZh-Øns‚ CjvSw Ahs‚ hos≠-Sp-∏n≥ ]≤-Xn-bmWv (H.-t\m. Fs^. 1:5,9,11).

˛ hnizm-kn-Iƒ Bfl-\n-d-hn≥ PohnXw A\p-`-h-am-°p-∂Xpw Pohn-°p-∂Xpw (H. t\m. Fs^.

5:17-˛18)

˛ hnizm-kn-Iƒ ssZhnI ]cn-⁄m-\-Øm¬ \nd-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv (H.-t\m. sImsem. 1:9).

˛ hnizm-kn-Iƒ XnI-™-hcpw ]q¿Æ-X-bp-≈-h-cm-Ip-∂Xv (H.-t\m. sImsem. 4:12).

˛ hnizm-kn-Iƒ hnip-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv (H.-t\m. 1 sX . 4:3).

˛ hnizm-kn-Iƒ kI-e-Øn\pw \μn-I-tc-‰p-∂Xv (H.-t\m. 1 sX . 5:18).

]s{Xm-kns‚ teJ-\-ßƒ

˛ hnizm-kn-Iƒ \∑ sNbvXp-sIm≠v (A-Xm-b-Xv, ZpjvS bP-am-\-∑m¿°p Iog-S-ßn-bn-cp∂psIm≠v)

_p≤n-bn-√mØ a\p-jy-cpsS t`mjØw an≠m-Xm-t°-W-sa∂pw Aßs\ kphn-ti-joI-cWØn

\v Ah-kcw D≠m-t°-W-sa-∂Xpw (H.-t\m. 1 ]s{Xm. 2:15).

˛ hnizm-kn-Iƒ IjvSX kln-°p-∂Xv (H.-t\m. 1 ]s{Xm. 3:17; 4:19).

˛ hnizm-kn-Iƒ kzb-˛-tI-{μo-IrX PohnXw \bn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xv (H.-t\m. 1 ]s{Xm. 4:2).

tbml-∂ms‚ teJ-\-ßƒ

˛ hnizm-kn-Iƒ Ft∂°pw hkn-°p-∂Xv (H.-t\m. 1 tbml. 2:17)

˛ DØcw e`n-°p∂ {]m¿∞-\-bv°p≈ hnizm-kn-bpsS Xmt°m¬ (H.-t\m. 1 tbml. 5:14).

""ssZhlnXw C∂sX∂p Xncn®dntb≠Xn∂p'' CsXmcp h¿Ø-am-\-Ime tIh-e-{In-b-bm-Wv. ChnsS

D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂ ]Zw (tUm°n-amUvtkm -˛ dokimazw) Øns‚ B£-co-Im¿∞w ""AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-

th-≠n-bp≈ ]co£'' F∂m-Wv. 2:18 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWp-I.

kI-ecpw {InkvXp-hn-eqsS c£n-°-s∏-S-W-sa∂pw (H..-t\m. tbml. 6:39-˛40) XpS¿∂ {InkvXp-hn-s\-t∏mse

Pohn-°-W-sa-∂p-amWv ssZh-Øns‚ lnXw (H.-t\m. tdma. 8:28˛29; Kem. 4:19; Fs^. 1:4; 4:13,15; 5:17˛18).

{InkvXob `{ZX ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂Xv

1. hniz-kvX-\mb ssZh-Øns‚ hmKvZ-Ø-ß-fnepw

242

2. A[n-hmkw sNøp∂ ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hnepw (H.-t\m. tdma. 8:14-˛16)

3. hnizm-kn-I-fpsS cq]m-¥cw kw`-hn-®Xpw cq]m-¥-c-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-amb Pohn-X-Ønepw BWv

(H.-t\m. bmt°m_v & 1 tbml-∂m≥). ""^e-an-s√-¶n¬ thcp-an√'' (aØm. 13:1˛9, 19˛23).

""a\ p ]pXp°n'' CXv ]pXnb ka-b-sØ-b√ (t{Im-tWm-kv) ]pXnb KpW-sØ-bmWv (Im-bn-t\m-kv)

ImWn-°p-∂-Xv. sblq-Z-∑m¿°pw ImgvN-bp-sSbpw tIgvhnbp-sSbpw C{μn-b-ßƒ tZln-bpsS Pme-I-ß-fm-Wv.

Hcp-h≥ F¥n-s\-°p-dn®p Nn¥n-°p-∂pthm Ah≥ AXv BIp-∂p. c£n-°-s∏-´-Xn-\p-tijw Bflm-hns‚

A[n-hmkw \nanØw hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v Hcp ]pXnb ho£-W-ap≠v (H.-t\m. Fs^. 4:13,23; XosØm. 3:5).

Bflm-hns‚ A[n-hmktØmsSm∏w Cu ]pXnb temI-ho-£-W-amWv ]pXnb hnizm-kn-I-fpsS a\- n-s\bpw

PohnX ssien-sbbpw cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv. Ah-cpsS a\- p-Iƒ ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-\m¬ Du¿÷-kz-e-am-

°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\m¬ Ah¿ bmYm¿∞y-ßsf hyXy-kvX-amb \ne-bn¬ t\m°n-°m-Wp-∂p. Hcp ]pXnb hos≠-

Sp-°-s∏-´, Bfl-˛-\n-b-{¥n-X-amb a\ v ]pXnb Pohn-X-ssi-en°p Imc-W-am-Ip-∂p. CXmWv ]pXnb DS-ºSn

hmKvZØw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂Xv (H.-t\m. bnsc. 31:31-˛34).

{]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: ]pXp-°pI (anakainwsijanakainwsijanakainwsijanakainwsijanakainwsij)Cu {Ko°p ]ZØn\v AXns‚ hyXykvX cq]-ß-fn¬ c≠v A¿∞-am-Wp-≈Xv

1. ""H∂ns\ ]pXn-bXpw hyXy-kvX-hp-am-Im≥ Imc-W-am-°pI (an-I-®Xv)'' ˛ tdma. 12:2; sImsem.

3:10

2. ""apºnesØ anI® Ah-ÿ-bn-te°v am‰p-hm≥ CS-bm-°pI'' ˛ 2 sImcn. 4:16; F{_m. 6:4˛6

(eqhv & \nUm, {Ko°v-˛-Cw-•ojv eIvkn-°¨, hmeyw 1, t]Pv 157, 594).

tamƒ´¨, an√n-K¨ F∂n-h-cpsS Z shm°m-_p-edn Hm^v Z {Ko°v \yqsS-Ã-sa‚ v ]d-bp-∂-Xv, Cu ]Zw

(anakkainosijanakkainosijanakkainosijanakkainosijanakkainosij) ]usem-kn\p apºp≈ {Ko°p kmln-Xy-Øn¬ C√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂m-Wv. Cu ]Zw

]usemkv cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xm-bn-cn-°mw.

{^m¶v ÃmKns‚ hyq sSÃ-sa‚ v Xntbm-f-Pn-bn¬ Xmev]-cy-P-\-I-amb Hcp A`n-{]m-b-ap-≠v.

""]pXp-P-\-\hpw ]pXp-°epw ssZh-Øn-t‚Xp am{X-am-Wv. ]pXp-°pI F∂-Xn-\p≈ ]Z-amb A\m-°m-bn-

t\m-knkv Hcp {]hrØn \ma-amWv, AXv {Inbm cq]-ß-tfm-sSm∏w ]pXnb \nb-a-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-

∂Xv tdma. 12:2 se "a\ p ]pXp°n cq]m¥cs∏Sphn≥,' 2 sImcn. 4:16 se "Rß-fpsS AIsØ a\p-

jy≥ \mƒtXmdpw ]pXp°w {]m]n-°p-∂p,' F∂-Xp-t]mse Hcp Bh¿Øn-®p≈ ]pXp-°-ens\ kqNn-∏n-

°m-\m-Wv. sImsem. 3:10 Hcp "]pXp-a-\p-jys\' "Xs∂ kr„n®hs‚ {]Xna{]Imcw ]cn ⁄m\Øn∂mbn

]pXp°w {]m]n°p∂ ]pXnb a\pjy≥' F∂ \ne-bnepw hnh-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Aßs\ Cu "]pXnb a\p-

jy≥,' "Cu Pohs‚ ]pXp-°w,' "]pXp-P-\-\w,' AYhm "]pXp°w' Fßs\ hnfn-®mepw \nXy-Po-hs‚

ZmXmhpw \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-h-\p-amb ssZh-Øns‚ {]mcwhpw XpS-cp-∂-Xp-amb {]hr-Øn-bm-sW∂p ImWmw''

(t]Pv 118).

""cq]m¥cs∏Sphn≥'' hnizm-kn-Iƒ tIhew Adnhp t\Sp-I-b-√, Xo¿®-bmbpw cq]m-¥-c-s∏-SWw (H.-

t\m. 6:4; 7:6; 2 sImcn. 5:17; Kem. 6:15; Fs^. 4:22-˛24; sImsem. 3:10). Cu ]Z-Øns‚ hymI-c-W-cq]w h¿Ø-

am-\-Ime a[y hn[n-cq-]tam, ""\nß-sf-Øs∂ XpS¿am-\-ambn cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Sp-Øp-hn≥'' As√-¶n¬ h¿Ø-am-

\-Ime I¿ΩWn hn[n-cq-]tam, ""XpS¿am-\-ambn cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Sp-Øs∏Sp-hn≥'' BWv. kam-¥-c-amb Hcp Xmc-

XayØn\v sbsl. 18:31 (am\p-jnI ka¿∏-Whpw {]hr-Øn-bpw), 36:26-˛27 (ssZhnI Zm\w) ImWp-I. c≠pw

Bh-iy-am-Wv.

""cq]m-¥-c-s∏-SpI'' F∂ Cu ]Z-Øns‚ Hcp cq]w tbip-hns‚ adp-cq-]-s∏-S-en\v D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p≠v (H.-

t\m. aØm. 17:). AhnsS Ahs‚ b-Ym¿∞ kmcmwiw shfn-s∏-Sp-∂p. Cu bYm¿∞ ssZhnI kmcmwiw

(H.-t\m. 2 ]s{Xm. 1:3˛4) Hmtcm hnizm-kn-bnepw cq]-s∏-SWw (H.-t\m. 2 sImcn. 3:18; Fs^. 4:13).

tdma¿ 12:3˛83`mhnt°≠Xn∂p aosX `mhn®pbcmsX ssZhw Ah\h∂p hnizmkØns‚ Afhp

]¶n´Xpt]mse kpt_m[amIpwhÆw mhnt°Wsa∂p Rm≥ F\n°p e`n® Ir]bm¬ \nßfn¬

HmtcmcpØt\mSpw ]dbp∂p. 4Hcp icocØn¬ \ap°p ]e Ahbhßƒ D≠t√m; F√m

Ahbhßƒ°pw {]hrØn H∂√Xm\pw; 5AXpt]mse ]ecmb \mw {InkvXphn¬ Hcp icochpw

F√mhcpw XΩn¬ Ahbhßfpw BIp∂p. 6BIbm¬ \ap°p e`n® Irs]°p HØhÆw

shtΔsd hcw D≈XpsIm≠p {]hN\w F¶n¬ hnizmkØn∂p HØhÆw, 7ip{iqj F¶n¬

ip{iqjbn¬, D]tZin°p∂h≥ F¶n¬ D]tZiØn¬, 8{]t_m[n∏n°p∂h≥ F¶n¬

{]t_m[\Øn¬, Zm\w sNøp∂h≥ GIm{KXtbmsS, `cn°p∂h≥ D’mltØmsS, IcpW

sNøp∂h≥ {]k∂XtbmsS BIs´.

243

12:3 hm. 1˛3 ""]pXp-a-\- ns‚'' Bh-iy-I-Xsb Du∂n-∏-d-bp-∂p. hm. 3 ""Nn¥n-°pI'' F∂- hm°n\v \mep-

hn[ hmIv{]-tbm-K-ß-fp-≠v. tkm≠¿hm≥ ÃUn ssKUv Ia‚-dn-: tdma≥kn¬ {_qkv tIm¿enbpw I¿ńkv

thmK\pw Cu \nco-£Ww \S-Øp∂p:

""AXn-i-tbm-‡n-]-c-amb Nn¥ ...-i-cn-bmb Nn¥ ....-tkm-t±-iy-]-c-amb Nn¥ ... kpt_m-[-amb Nn¥''

(t]Pv 138).

11:13-˛24 s\t∏mse Cu hmIyw {]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p-∂Xv

1. tdmanse k`-bn¬ \ne-\n-ev°p∂ hniz-kn-°p∂ sblq-Z-∑mcpw hniz-kn-°p∂ PmXn-Ifpw XΩn-

ep≈ kwL¿jw

2. ]usemkv, imTy-°mcpw kzb-˛-]p-I-gvN-°m-cp-amb hnizm-kn-I-fn¬ \n∂v {]iv\w t\cn´ sImcn-¥n¬

\n∂mWv tdmam-te-J\w Fgp-Xn-bXv F∂ hkvXpX (A-hs‚ aq∂mw anj-\dn bm{X-bpsS A¥y-

Øn¬).

""`mhnt°≠Xn∂p aosX `mhn®pbcmsX'' 1:30 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: ]usem-kns‚ lqs]¿''

kwbp-‡-Øns‚ D]-tbmKw ImWp-I.

""hnizmkØns‚ Afhp'' BflnI hc-Øns‚ icn-bmb ê-Zm-b-I-Xz-Øn-\p≈ Hmtcm-cp-Øs‚ Ign-

hm-WnXv (H.-t\m. hm. 6). Btcm-Ky-ap-≈-h-cm-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\v, BflnI hc-ßƒ Bflm-hns‚ ê-Øn-s‚-b-Sn-

ÿm-\-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°Ww (H.-t\m. hm. 9˛12; Kem. 5:22-˛23). hc-ßƒ F∂Xv tbip Xs‚ injy-∑m¿°v

hn`Pn®p \¬In-bn-´p≈ ip{iq-j-bm-Wv, F∂m¬ ew {InkvXp-hns‚ a\- m-Wv. e-{]-Z-amb ip{iqjbv°v

c≠pw Bh-iy-am-Wv.

""ssZhw Ah\h∂p ... ]¶n´Xpt]mse'' CsXmcp `qX-Ime I¿Øcn kqN-I-am-Wv. hnizm-kn-I-f√

Ah-cpsS BflnI hc-ßƒ Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-∂Xv (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 7:17; 12:11; Fs^. 4:7). Ah¿°v #vXp

s]mXp-{]-tbm-P-\-Øn-\mbn \¬I-s∏-Sp∂p (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 12:7). Bflm-hns‚ ê-ßƒ hy‡nsb

Db¿Øp∂ tbmKy-X-bpsS Nn”-ß-f-√, adn®v Hmtcm hnizm-knbpw {InkvXp-hns‚ ico-c-amb k`sb tkhn-

°p-∂-Xn-\mbn [cn-°p∂ Zmks‚ tXm¿ØmWv!

""Rm≥ F\n°p e`n® Ir]bm¬'' CsXmcp `qX-Ime I¿ΩWn A]q¿Æ-{In-b-bm-Wv. Ir] ssZh-

Øn¬\n∂v ]q¿Æ-ambn h∂ `qX-Ime {]hr-Øn-bmWv (A-Xm-bXv Za-kvsImkv tdmUnse kw`-hw). Chn-

sS-bnXv Bfln hc-{]m-]vXn-bmWv (H.-t\m. 15:15; 1 sImcn. 3:10; 15:10; Kem. 2:9; Fs^. 3:7˛8), A√msX \oXo-I-

cWw F∂ Zm\-a√ (H.-t\m. tdma¿ 4). AXp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv ]usem-kns‚ am\-km-¥-chpw PmXn-I-fpsS

As∏m-kvX-e≥ F∂ hnfn-bp-amWv (H.-t\m. {]hr. 9:15; tdma. 1:1,5; Kem. 1:15˛16; 2:7˛8; Fs^. 3:1˛2,8; 1 Xnsam.

2:7; 2 Xnsam. 4:17).

""\nßfn¬ HmtcmcpØt\mSpw ]dbp∂p'' hm. 3 se ap∂dnbn∏v t\Xm-°-∑m¿°p am{X-ap-≈-X-√, kIe

{InkvXym-\n-Iƒ°pw D≈-XmWv.

12:4 CXv ]usem-kns‚ Fgp-Øp-I-fnse Hcp s]mXp kmZr-iy-am-Wv. a\pjy ico-c-Øns‚ At\ym-\y-ap≈

B{ibw k`-bpsS hnhn[ hc-ßsf kqNn-∏n-°p∂p (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 12:12-˛17; Fs^. 1:23; 4:4,12,16; 5:30;

sImsem. 1:18,24; 2:19). {InkvXym-\nXzw kmaq-ly-]-chpw hy‡n-]-c-hp-am-Wv.

12:5 ""]ecmb \mw {InkvXphn¬ Hcp icochpw ... BIp∂p'' Cu hmIyw Du∂n-∏-d-bp-∂Xv hnizm-kn-I-

fpsS GI-Xzhpw \m\m-Xz-hp-am-Wv. CXmWv k -bv°p-≈nse Ir]m-h-c-Zm-\-Øns‚ kwL¿jw. kvt\l A[ym-

b-amb 1 sImcn. 13, Ir]m-h-c-Zm-\-Øns‚ sshhn-[y-Øns‚ kwL¿jw N¿® sNøp∂p (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 12

& 14). {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ a’-c-Øn-e-√, adn®v alm-\n-tbmK kl-I-cW-Øn-emWv!

12:6˛8 Cu hm-Iy-ßƒ, {Ko°n¬ c≠v A]q¿Æ-{In-b-Iƒ D≈Xpw {][m\ {Inb C√m-Ø-Xp-amb H‰ hmN-

I-amWv. AXv km[m-c-W-bmbn {]Ya ]pcpj hn[n-cq-]-am-Wv, ""\ap°v D]-tbm-Kn-°mw.''

12:6˛8 ""Irs]°p ... hcw'' ""hcw'' (Jm-cn-k-am-‰m- carismata), ""Ir]'' (Jm-dn-kv-˛carij) F∂n-hbv°v Htc

aqe-]-Z-am-Wp-≈-Xv. AXn-\¿∞w ""kuP-\y-ambn \¬I-s∏-´Xv'' F∂m-Wv. 3:24 s‚ Ipdn∏v ImWp-I. Bflob

hc-ß-fpsS ]ńI 1 sImcn. 12, tdma. 12, Fs^. 4, 1 ]s{Xm. 4 F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ sImSp-Øn-´p-≠v. ]ń-I-Ifpw

Ah-bpsS {Iahpw Hcp-t]m-se-b-√, AXn-\m¬ Ah {]mXn-\n[y \ne-bn-ep-≈-hbmWv, A¥n-a-a-√. Xß-fpsS

hc-ßsf Fßs\ Xncn-®-dn-bmsa∂v ss__nƒ Hcn-°epw hnizm-kn-I-tfmSp ]d-™n-ń-√. Cu hnjbw

kw_‘n®v G‰hpw anI® thZ-]p-kvX-tI-Xc Adnhv e`n-°p-∂Xv t]mƒ en‰n¬ FgpXn C‚¿hm-gvkn‰n

{] v {]kn-≤o-I-cn® At^-anwKv Z hn¬ Hm^v tKmUv F∂ eLp{KŸØn¬ \n∂m-Wv. ssZh-Øns‚

lnXw a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Cu am¿§-\n¿t±-i-ßƒ Xt∂ Hcp-hs‚ ê-{]-Z-amb ip{ijm taJe Is≠-

Øm\pw D]-tbm-Kn-°mw. hnizm-kn-Iƒ hc-{]m-]vX-cmWv F∂-dn-bp-∂-Xv, Ah¿ Fßs\ hc-{]m-]vX-cm-bn-cn-

°p∂p Ft∂m Ah¿°v F¥p hc-amWv e`n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv Ft∂m Adn-bp-∂-Xn-s\-°mƒ {][m-\-s∏-´-Xm-Wv.

""F¶n¬'' ""D≠v F¶n¬'' AYhm ""AtXm CtXm'' F∂¿∞w hcp∂ Fbvs‰ (eite) (hm. 6,7[2

244

{]mhiyw],8) BWn-Xv. Cu hmIy-Øn¬ CXn-s\-Øp-S¿∂v {Inb-I-sfm-∂p-an√ (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 3:22; 8:5; 2

sImcn. 5:10) F¶nepw km[m-c-W-bmbn XpS¿∂v h¿Ø-am-\-Ime kqNIw ImWmw (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 12:26;

8:5; 2 sImcn. 1:6). AXn-\m¬ Bflob hc-ß-fpsS km∂n-[ysØ kqNn-∏n-°p∂ H∂mwXcw tkm]m-[nI

hmN-I-am-Wv.

""{]hN\w'' ssZhnI ktμ-isØ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ ]gb \nba {]h-N-\-tØmSp _‘-s∏-´-X√ CXv.

]gb \nb-a-Øn¬ {]hm-N-I-∑m¿ Xncp-sh-gpØv (ssZ-h-izm-ko-b) Fgp-Xn. ]pXnb \nb-a-Øn¬ AXv ssZhnI

kXy-ß-fpsS {]tLm-j-W-am-Wv. ap≥Iq´n ]d-bp-∂Xpw AXn¬ Dƒs∏Spw (H.-t\m. {]hr. 11:27-˛28; 21:10-˛11).

{i≤m-tI{μw ]pXnb \nb-a-a√ adn®v kphn-tij ktμ-i-Øns‚ hni-Zo-I-c-Whpw AsX-ßs\ C∂v {]k-

‡-am-bn-cn°p∂p F∂p-am-Wv. ]Z-Øns‚ Hcp Aÿnc kz`m-h-ap-≠v. hnizm-kn-Iƒ sNøp∂ {]hr-Øn-Isf

AXp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 14:1,39), Hcp {]tXyI Ir]m-h-c-sØbpw (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn.

12:28; 14:29; Fs^. 4:11) AXp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. CXv A¿∞ hyXn-bm\w CtX Ime-b-f-hn¬ ]usemkv Fgp-

Xnb sImcn-¥y-te-J-\-Ønepw ImWmw (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 12:10,12; 13:8; 14:1,5,29,39).

{]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: ]pXnb \nba {]h-N\wI. CXv ]gb \nba {]h-N-\-Øn\p kam-\-a√ (BDB 611). ]g-b-\n-ba {]h-N-\-Øn¬ btlm-h-bn¬

\n∂p≈ ssZh-\n-izmkob shfn-∏m-Sp-Iƒ°v d∫n-am-cpsS `mjyw-IqSn AS-ßn-bn-cp-∂p ({]-hr. 3:18,21;

tdma. 16:26). {]hm-N-I-∑m¿°p am{Xta Xncp-sh-gp-Øp-Iƒ Fgp-Xm≥ Ign-™n-cp-∂p-≈q.

A. tamsisb {]hm-N-I≥ F∂p hnfn-®n-cp∂p (H.-t\m. Bh. 18:15˛21)

B. Ncn{X ]pkvX-I-ßsf (tbm-ip-h ˛ cmPm-°-∑m¿ ˛ [cqØv Hgn-sI]) ""ap≥Ime {]hm-N-I-∑m¿''

F∂p hnfn-®n-cp∂p (H.-t\m. {]hr. 3:24).

C. ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ hnh-c-ß-fpsS Dd-hn-S-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ {]hm-N-I-∑m¿ alm-]p-tcm-lnX ZuXy-

Øn-t∑¬ IS-∂p-I-b‰w \S-Øn-bn-cp∂p (H.-t\m. sbi˛aem-Jn)

D. F{_mb Imt\ms‚ c≠m-asØ hn`mKw ""{]hm-N-I-∑m¿'' Bbn-cp∂p (H.-t\m. aØm. 5:17; 22:40;

eqs°m. 16:16; 24:25,27; tdma. 3:21).

II. ]pXnb \nb-a-Øn¬ {]hm-NI k¶ev]w \nc-h[n hyXy-kvX-\n-e-I-fn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

A. ]gb \nba {]hm-N-I-∑m-scbpw Ah-cpsS ssZh-\n-izm-kob ktμ-i-sØbpw kqNn-∏n-°p-hm≥

(H.-t\m. aØm. 2:23; 5:12; 11:13; 13:14; tdma. 1:2).

B. Hcp kaq-l-tØm-sS-∂-Xn-\p-]-Icw Hcp hy‡n-tbm-Sp≈ ZqXns\ ]cm-a¿in-°p∂p (A-Xm. ]g-b-

\n-ba {]hmN-I-∑m¿ {]mY-an-I-ambn bn{km-tb-en-t\m-SmWp kwkm-cn-®-Xv).

C. ssZh-cmPyw {]kw-Kn® (H.-t\m. aØm. 13:57; 21:11,46; eqs°m. 4:24; 7:16; 13:33) tbip-hn-s\bpw

tbml-∂m≥ kv\m]-I-s\bpw ]cm-a¿in-°p∂p (H-Øp. aØm. 11:9; 14:5; 21:26; eqs°m. 1:76).

tbip Xm≥ Xs∂ {]hm-N-I-∑m-sc-°mƒ hen-b-h-s\-∂-h-Im-i-s∏´p (H.-t\m. aØm-bn. 11:9; 12:41;

eqs°m. 7:26).

D. ]pXnb \nb-a-Ønse a‰p {]hm-N-I-∑m¿

1. tbip-hns‚ _mey-Imew eqs°m-kns‚ kphn-ti-j-Øn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. AXm-

bXv adn-b-bpsS kvac-W-Iƒ.

a. Feo-i-t_Øv (H.-t\m. eqs°m. 1:41-˛42).

b. skJ-cymhv (H.-t\m. eqs°m. 1:67˛79).

c. intaym≥ (H.-t\m. eqs°m. 2:25˛35).

d. l∂ (H.-t\m. eqs°m. 2:25˛35).

2. hntcm-[m-`mk Zo¿L-Z¿i\w (H.t\m. Iø-^m-hv, tbml. 11:51).

E. kphn-tijw {]Jym-]n-°p-∂-hs\ ]cm-a¿in-°p∂p ({]-kw-K-h-c-ß-fpsS ]´nI 1 sImcn. 12:28˛29;

Fs^. 4:11 ¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p).

F. k`-bn¬ XpS-¿∂phcp∂ Hcp hcsØ kqNn-∏n-°p∂p (H.-t\m. aØm. 23:34; {]hr. 13:1; 15:32;

tdma. 12:6; 1sImcn. 12:10, 28-˛29; 13:2; Fs^-. 4:11). Nne-t∏mƒ CXp kv{XoI-sf-°p-dn-®p-amImw (H.-

t\m. eqs°m. 2:36; {]hr. 2:17; 21:9; 1 sImcn. 11:4˛5).

G. {]h-N-\-{K-Ÿ-amb shfn-∏mSp ]pkvX-IsØ ]cm-a¿in-°p∂p (H.-t\m. shfn. 1:3; 22:7,10,18,19).

III. ]pXnb \nba {]hm-N-I≥

A. ]gb \nb-a-{]-hmN-I-∑m¿ \¬Inb AtX A¿∞-Øn¬ Ah¿ ssZh-\n-izm-ko-b shfn-∏mSv

(Xn-cp-sh-gp-Øv) \¬Ip-∂n-√. {]hr. 6:7; 13:8; 14:22; Kem. 1:23; 3:23; 6:10; ^nen. 1:27; bqZm 3,20

245

F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ ""hnizmkw'' (A-Xm. ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏´ kphn-tijw F∂-b¿∞-Øn¬) F∂

]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠mWv Cu {]kvXm-h\ km[y-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

bqZm 3 ¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂ ]q¿Æ-{]-tbm-K-Øn¬ \n∂pw Cu Bibw hy‡-amWv:

""hnip-≤-∑m¿°v Hcn-°-embn `c-taev]n-®n-cn-°p∂ hnizm-k-Øn\pth≠n.'' ""Hcn-°-embn'' F∂Xv

{InkvXym-\n-Xz-Øns‚ kXy-ßƒ, D]-tZ-i-ßƒ, Bi-b-ßƒ, temI-˛-ho-£W ]Tn-∏n-°-ep-Iƒ

F∂n-hsb ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂p. Hcn-°-embn `c-taev]n-°-s∏´ F∂ Du∂¬, ]pXnb \nba Fgp-

Øp-I-fpsS ssZh\n-izm-ko-b-Xsb ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-ambn ]cn-an-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\pw ]n∂o-Sp-

≠m-Ip∂ AYhm CXc Fgp-Øp-Isf shfn-∏mSmbn ]cn-K-Wn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ap≈ thZ-]p-

kvXI ASn-ÿm-\-am-Wv. ]pXnb \nb-a-Øn¬ Zp¿{K-lhpw hy‡-a-√m-ØXpw aßn-b-Xp-amb

At\I taJ-e-I-fp-≠v. F¶nepw hnizm-k-Øn\pw Pohn-X-Øn\pw ""aXn-bmb'' sX√mw aXn-bmb

hy‡-X-tbmsS e`n-®n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v hnizm-kn-Iƒ hnizm-k-Øm¬ Dd-∏n-°p-∂p. Cu Bibw

""shfn-∏mSv {XntImWw'' F∂ t]cn¬ kmwio-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v.

1. ka-b-˛-ÿe Ncn-{X-Øn¬ ssZhw Xs∂-Øs∂ shfn-s∏-SpØn (sh-fn-∏m-Sv)

2. Xs‚ {]hr-Øn-Isf tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm\pw hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-hm\pw Ah≥ Nne am\p-jnI Fgp-

Øp-Imsc Xnc-s™-SpØp (ssZ-h-\n-izm-ko-b-X)

3. Cu Fgp-Øp-Isf G‰hpw IrXy-X-bm¿∂ \ne-bn-e-√, F∂m¬ c£-bv°pw -^-e-{]-Z-amb

{InkvXob Pohn-X-Øn\pw aXn-bmb \ne-bn¬ {Kln-°p-∂-Xn\pth≠n a\p-jys‚ a\- p-I-

sfbpw lrZ-b-ß-sfbpw Xpd-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn Ah≥ Xs‚ Bflm-hns\ \¬In ({]Imi-\w).

CXn-\¿∞w ssZh-\n-izm-ko-bX Xncp-sh-gp-Øp-I-fpsS cN-bn-Xm-°-fn¬ ]cn-an-X-s∏-´n-cn-°p-

∂p F∂m-Wv. AXn-ep-]-cn-bmb B[n-Im-cnI cN-\-Itfm Z¿i-\-ßtfm shfn-∏m-Sp-Itfm C√.

Imt\m≥ AS-bv°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. ssZh-tØmSp icn-bmb \ne-bn¬ {]Xn-I-cn-°m-\m-h-iy-

amb apgp-h≥ kXyhpw \ap°p e`n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Bflm¿∞-X-bp-≈-hcpw `‡-cp-amb hnizm-

kn-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ \ne-\n¬°p∂ tN¿®-bn-√m-bvabv°p hn]-co-X-ambn thZ-]p-kvXI Fgp-Øp-

Im¿ XΩn-ep≈ sFIy-X-bn¬ Cu kXyw \∂mbn ImWp-hm≥ Ign-bpw. Xncp-sh-gp-Øns‚

Fgp-Øp-Im¿°p-≠m-bn-cp∂ ssZhnI t\Xr-Xz-Øns‚ \ne-hmcw Hcp B[p-\nI Fgp-Øp-

Im-ct\m {]kw-K-It\m C√.

B. Nne Imcy-ß-fn¬ ]pXnb \nba {]hm-N-I-∑m¿ ]g-b-\n-b-a-{]-hm-N-I-∑m¿°p Xpey-am-Wv.

1. `mhn kw`-h-ß-fpsS {]h-N\w (H.-t\m. ]usem-kv, {]hr. 27:22; AKs_m-kv, {]hr. 11:27˛28;

21:10-˛11; t]-cp- ]-d-bmØ a‰p- {]hm-N-I-∑m¿, {]hr. 20:33).

2. \ymb-hn[n {]Jym-]\w (H.-t\m. ]usem-kv, {]hr. 13:11; 28:25˛-28).

3. Hcp kw`-hsØ Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ {]Xo-Im-flI {]hrØn (H.-t\m. AK-

t_m-kv, {]hr. 21:11).

C. Ah¿ Nne ka-b-ß-fn¬ kphn-tij ktμiw {]h-N-\-cq-t]W {]Jym-]n-°p∂p (H.-t\m.- {]hr.

11:27˛28; 20:23; 21:10-˛11). F¶nepw CX√ {]mY-anI {i≤m-tI{μw. 1 sImcn¥ycnse {]h-N\w ASn-

ÿm-\-]-c-ambn kphn-tijw Adn-bn-°-emWv (H.-t\m. 14:24,39).

D. Hmtcm ]pXnb kml-N-cy-Ønepw kwkvIm-c-Ønepw As√-¶n¬ Ime-L-´-Ønepw ssZhn-I -k-

Xy-Øns‚ ka-Im-en-Ihpw {]mtbm-Kn-I-hp-amb hi-ßƒ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Bflm-hns‚

B\p-Im-en-I -am¿§-ß-fmWv Ah¿ (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 14:3).

E. ]usemkv ÿm]n® Bcw-`-Ime k`-I-fn¬ Ah¿ kPo-h-am-bn-cp∂p (1 sImcn. 11:4˛5; 12:28,29;

13:29; 14:1,3,4,5,6,22,24,29,31,32,37,39; Fs^. 2:20; 3:5; 4:11; 1 sX . 5:20). knUmt° bn¬ (H∂mw

\q‰m-≠ns‚ A¥y-Øntem c≠mw \q‰m-≠ntem Fgp-X-s∏-´-h, XobXn \n›-b-an-√) Ah-sc-°p-

dn®p ]cm-a¿i-ap-≠v. DØ-cm-{^n-°-bn¬ c≠v, aq∂v \q‰m-≠p-I-fn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ sam≠m-\n-k-

Ønepw Ahsc ImWmw.

IV. ]pXnb\nba hc-ßƒ \n∂p-t]mtbm?

A. DØcw ]d-bm≥ _p≤n-ap-´p≈ tNmZy-am-Wn-Xv. hc-ß-fpsS Dt±iyw \n¿h-Nn-°p-∂Xv Cu {]iv\w

]cn-l-cn-°m≥ klm-bn-°pw. kphn-ti-j-Øns‚ {]mcw` {]kw-KsØ Dd-∏n-°m-\p-t±-in-®p-≈-

XmtWm AXp AtXm k`bv°v k`-bv°p-≈-Xnepw \jvS-s∏´ temI-Ønepw ip{iqj sNøp-∂-

Xn-\p≈ XpS¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ am¿§-ß-fn-sem-∂mtWm Ah?

B. tNmZy-Øn-\p-Øcw \¬Im≥ Hcp-h≥ k`m-N-cn-{X-Øn-te°p t\mt°-Wtam AtXm ]pXnb\nb-

a-Øn¬ t\m°-Wtam? Bflo-b-h-c-ßƒ Xm¬°m-en-I-am-sW∂ bmsXmcp kqN-\bpw ]pXnb

\nb-a-Øn-en-√. Cu hnj-bsØ hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-hm≥ 1 sImcn. 13:8-˛13 D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-h¿ kvt\l-

sam-gnsI kI-ehpw \oßn-t∏mIpsa∂ thZ-`m-KØp≈ Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚ Dt±-iysØ hnI-e-am-

246

°p-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv.

C. k`m Ncn-{X-a-√, ]pXnb\nb-a-amWv B[n-Im-cn-I-sa-∂-Xn-\m¬ hc-ßƒ XpS-cp∂p F∂ Imcy-

Øn¬ hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v Dd-∏p-≠m-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂p ]d-bm-\mWv Rm≥ ]co-£n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. F∂n-

cp-∂mepw kwkvImcw hymJym-\sØ kzm[o-\n-°p-∂p F∂p Rm≥ hniz-kn-°p-∂p. hfsc hy‡-

amb Nne thZ-`m-K-ßƒ Ct∏mƒ {]k-‡-a-√m-Xm-bn-´p≠v (A-Xm. hnip≤ Npw_-\w, kv{XoIƒ

aqSp-]Sw [cn-°p-∂-Xv, `h\ k`-Iƒ BZn-bm-bh). kwkvImcw thZ-`m-KsØ kzm[o-\n-°p-∂p-

s≠-¶n¬, k`m-N-cn-{X-Øn\v F¥p-sIm-≠m-bn-°qSm?

D. IrXy-ambn DØcw \¬Im-\m-hmØ Hcp tNmZy-am-Wn-Xv. Nne¿ hnizmknIƒ ""\n∂p-t]mbn''

F∂p hmZn-°p-tºmƒ a‰p-≈-h¿ ""\n∂p-t]m-bn-ń√'' F∂p hmZn-°p-∂p. Cu taJ-e-bn¬, At\I

hymJym\ hnj-b-ß-fn-se-∂-t]m-se, hnizm-kn-bpsS lrZ-b-amWp Xmt°m¬. ]pXnb \nbaw

Zzbm¿∞-ap-≈Xpw kmwkvIm-cn-I-hp-am-Wv. GXp `mK-amWv kwkvImc/Ncn-{X-Øm¬ kzm[o-\n-

°-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw GXp `mK-amWv F√m-°m-e-tØ°pw F√m kwkvIm-c-ßƒ°pw A\p-tbmPyw

F∂p Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂-XmWv _p≤n-ap-´v. (H.-t\m. Fee and Stuart, How to Read the Bible For AllIts Worth, pp. 14-19; 69-77). Chn-sS-bmWv tdma¿ 14:1˛15:13; 1 sImcn. 8˛10 F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ N¿®-

sN-ø-s∏-Sp∂ kzmX-{¥yhpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Øhpw \n¿Æm-b-I-am-Ip-∂-Xv. \msa-ßs\ tNmZy-Øn-

\p-Øcw \¬Ip-∂p-sh-∂-Xv c≠p hn[-Øn¬ {]m[m-\y-a¿ln-°p-∂p.

1. Hmtcm hnizm-knbpw X\n°p e`n® shfn-®-Øn-\-\p-k-c-W-ambn hnizm-k-Øn¬ \S-t°-Ww.

ssZhw \ΩpsS lrZ-b-sØbpw t{]c-W-I-sfbpw t\m°p-∂p.

2. Hmtcm hnizm-knbpw a‰p hnizm-kn-Isf Ah-cpsS hnizm-k-Øns‚ Af-h-\p-k-cn®p \S-°m-\-

\p-h-Zn-°-Ww. thZ-]p-kvXI AXn¿Øn-°p-≈n¬ kln-jvWpX ]men-t°-Ww. ssZhw \sΩ

kvt\ln-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse \mw At\ym\yw kvt\ln-°p-hm≥ Ah-\m-{K-ln-°p-∂p.

E. Npcp°-Øn¬, {InkvXym-\n-Xz-sa-∂Xv hnizm-k-Øn-s‚bpw kvt\l-Øn-s‚bpw Pohn-X-am-Wv.

]q¿W-X-bp≈ ssZhimkv{X-a-√, a‰p-≈-h-tcmSp≈ \ΩpsS _‘sØ kzm[o-\n-°p∂ Xc-Øn¬

Ah-\p-am-bp≈ Hcp _‘w, IrXy-amb hnh-c-ß-sf-°mfpw D]-tZi ]q¿W-X-sb-°mfpw IqSp-

X¬ {]m[m-\y-ap-≈-Xm-Wv.

""hnizmkØn∂p HØhÆw'' CXv 3˛mw hmIy-tØmSv t\cn´p _‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂p: ""hnizmkØns‚

Afhp ]¶n´Xpt]mse'' (H.-t\m. Fs^. 4:7). Fß-s\-bmWv hnizm-kn-Iƒ Xß-fpsS Bflob hc-ßƒ

D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv F∂ hnime ]›m-Ø-e-tØmSp CXv _‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p. CXv hnizm-kn-I-fpsS at\m-`m-

h-ßƒ, t{]c-W-Iƒ, Ah-cpsS hy‡n]c-amb ssZh-Z-Ø ip{iq-j-Iƒ \n¿h-ln-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Du¿÷w ˛

Ch Kem. 5:22-˛23 ¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p∂ Bflm-hns‚ ê-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-´-XmWv ˛ F∂n-h-tbmSp _‘-s∏-ń-cn-

°p-∂p.

12:7

NASB ""tkh-\sa-¶n¬''

NKJV, NRSV ""AYhm ip{iq-j, AXp \ΩpsS ip{iq-j-bn¬ D]-tbm-Kn°mw''

TEV ""tkhn-°m-\m-sW-¶n¬ \mw tkhn-°Ww''

NJB ""`c-W-am-sW-¶n¬ AXp `cn-°p-hm≥ D]-tbm-Kn°pI''

{Ko°p ]Z-amb Unbm-t°m-Wnb (diakonia) F∂-Xn\v XØp-ey-amb Cw•ojv ]Z-an-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ #m[p-

\nI `mjm-¥-c-ßƒ XΩn¬ hyXym-k-ap-≠v. CXn-\¿∞w (1) {]mtbm-KnI tkh\w As√-¶n¬ (2) `cWw

(H.-t\m. {]hr. 6:1; 1 sImcn. 12:5,28). lmtcmƒUv sI. tamƒ´s‚ Z A\-en-‰n-°¬ {Ko°v eIvkn-°¨

dnsshkvUv CXns\ C{]-Imcw \n¿h-Nn-®n-cn-°p∂p: "Hcp tPmen, ip{iq-j, ]Zhn' tdma. 12:7; 1 sImcn. 12:5;

sImsem. 4:17; 2 Xnsam. 4:5).kmμ¿`nI {i≤ a‰p hnizm-kn-Isf klm-bn-°p-∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®m-Wv.

""D]tZin°p∂h≥ F¶n¬ D]tZiØn¬'' Cu hcw (Un-Um-kvtIm-˛didaskw) 1 sImcn. 12:28 epw

14:26 epw ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p. {]hr. 13:1 se {]hm-N-I-∑m-tcmSpw Fs^. 4:11 se CS-b-∑m-tcmSpw CXp _‘-s∏-

ń-cn-°p-∂p. BZna k`-bn¬ Cu hcw e`n-®-h¿ hyXykvX ip{iq-j-Iƒ \n¿h-ln-®n-cp-∂p. {]kw-Kw, {]h-N-

\w, kphn-ti-jo-I-c-Ww, D]-tZiw F∂n-h-sb√mw kphn-tij {]Jym-]-\-am-bn-cp∂p F¶nepw hyXykvX

Du∂-ep-Ifpw coXn-Ifpw BsW∂p am{Xw.

12:8 ""{]t_m[n∏n°p∂h≥ F¶n¬ {]t_m[\Øn¬'' Cu ]Zw (]mcm-Im-setbm- parakalew) A[ym-

]-\-tØmSp _‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂p (H.-t\m. 1 Xnsam. 4:13). kXyw Pohn-XØn¬ {]mtbm-Kn-I-am-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈

ss\]p-Wy-am-Wn-Xv. AXv ]n∂oSv Fs^. 4:15,16 se ""kt\-l-Øn¬ kXyw kwkm-cn-®p-sIm≠v ...-i-cocw

apgp-h\pw .. Ah-\n¬\n∂p hf¿® {]m]n-°p∂p-∂p-F-∂-Xn-t\mSp _‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p.

""Zm\w sNøp∂h≥ GIm{KXtbmsS'' Xmsg sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWp-I.

247

{]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: HuZmcyw/Bflm¿∞-amb

(a.ploteja.ploteja.ploteja.ploteja.plotej)Cu {Ko°p ]ZØn\v (a.ploteja.ploteja.ploteja.ploteja.plotej) c≠v A¿∞-ß-fp-≠v, ""HuZm-cy-amb'' AYhm ""Bflm¿∞-amb.''

ImgvN-tbmSp _‘-s∏´ kmZr-iy-am-W-Xv. ]gb \nb-a-Øn¬ IÆns\ t{]c-W-bpsS kmZr-iy-ambn cavSp

hn[-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂p.

1. ZpjvS IÆv (]nip-°v, H.-t\m. Bh. 15:9; kZr. 23:6; 28:22)

2. \√ IÆv (Hu-Zm-cy-amb, H.-t\m. kZr. 22:9)

tbip CXv D]-tbmKn®p (H.-t\m. aØm. 6:22-˛23; 20:15). ]usemkv c≠¿∞-Øn¬ CXp-]-tbm-Kn®p.

1. ""emfn-Xyw, Bflm¿∞-X, \n¿Ω-eX'' (H.-t\m. 2 sImcn. 1:12; 11:3; Fs^. 6:5; sImsem. 3:22)

2. ""HuZm-cyambn'' (H.-t\m. tdma. 12:8; 2 sImcn. 8:2; 9:11,13)

""`cn°p∂h≥ D’mltØmsS'' CXv k©m-cn-bm-bmepw {]mtZ-in-I-am-bmepw {InkvXob t\Xr-XzsØ

kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.

""IcpW sNøp∂h≥ {]k∂XtbmsS BIs´'' tcmKn-I-sfbpw Bh-iy-Øn-en-cn-°p-∂-h-scbpw klm-

bn-°p-∂-Xn-s\-bmWv kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. D]-tZ-i-]-c-amb {]kw-Khpw hniz-kn-°p∂ kaq-l-Øns‚ kmaq-lnI

Bh-iy-ß-fn¬ klm-bn-°p-∂Xpw XΩn¬ Hcp hyXym-khpw ]mSn-√. Ah \mW-b-Øns‚ c≠p hi-ß-fm-

Wv. ""kmaq-lnI kphn-tijw'' Fs∂m-∂n-√, kphn-tijw am{X-ta-bp≈p!

hm. 1˛8 se N¿®-bv°p≈ tNmZy-ßƒ








1. \nß-fpsS ico-c-ßsf Poh-\p≈ bmK-ambn ka¿∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂-sX¥mWv (hm. 1)?

2. Hmtcm hniz-kn°pw Bflob hc-ß-fpt≠m (hm. 3˛8; 1 sImcn. 12:7)? F¶n¬ Ah≥/Ahƒ X\n-°n-

jvS-ap-≈Xv Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-I-bmtWm?

3. Bflob hc-ß-fpsS Dt±-iy-sa-¥mWv?

4. ss__n-fn¬ hc-ß-fpsS kºq¿Æ ]´nI e`y-amtWm?

5. Hcp-h≥ Fßs\ Xs‚ hcsØ Xncn-®-dnbpw?

hm. 9-˛21 s‚ ]›m-Øe Dƒ°m-gvN-IƒA. Cu `mK-Øn\p sImSp-°m-hp∂ G‰hpw \√ Xe-s°´v ""hy‡y-¥c _‘-ßƒ°m-bp≈ {InkvXob

am¿§-\n¿t±i-ßƒ'' F∂mWv. CXp kvt\l-Øns‚ Hcp {]mtbm-KnI N¿®-bmWv (H.-t\m. aØm. 5˛7;

1 sImcn. 13; 1 tbml. 3:18; 4:7˛21).

B. tdma¿ 12 D≈-S-°-Ønepw LS-\-bnepw 1 sImcn. 12-˛13 t\mSv kam-\-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Bflob hc-ß-sf-

∏-‰n-bp≈ N¿®-bv°p-tijw DS≥Xs∂ \nKf-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Hcp ap∂-dn-bn∏pw {]mtbm-KnI Pohn-X-

ssi-en-bmb kvt\l-Øn-t∑-ep≈ Du∂¬ sImSp-°epw hcp-∂p.

C. ]›m-Øew Xmsg-∏-dbp-∂-hsb ssIImcyw sNøp-∂p.

1. a‰p hnizm-kn-I-fp-am-bp≈ \ΩpsS _‘w (H.-t\m. 12:9˛13). 14:1˛15:3 epw 1 sImcn. 8:11 apXepw 10:23-

˛33 epw CXp hni-Z-ambn N¿® sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p.

2. Ahn-izm-kn-I-fp-ambn As√-¶n¬ `n∂-X-bp≈ a‰p {InkvXym-\n-I-fp-ambn \ΩpsS _‘-ßƒ (H.-

t\m. 12:14˛21). Cu `mKw tbip-hns‚ Kncn-{]-`m-j-WsØ {]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p∂p (H.-t\m. aØm. 5˛7).

3. Cu hn`-P\w Ir{Xn-a-amWv, ImcWw Cu taJ-e-Iƒ (_-‘-ßƒ) At\ym\yw Ihn-™p-In-S-°p-

∂-h-bmWv

248

D. Cu thZ-`m-K-Øn¬ A[nIw ImWp-∂Xv XpS¿am\ Pohn-X-ssieo Iev]-\-I-fmWv (h¿Ø-am-\-Ime

I¿Øcn hn[n-cq-]ßfpw, H.-t\m. hm. 4[2 {]mhiyw], 16, 20[2 {]mhiyw], 21[2 {]mhiyw], hn[n-cq-]-

Øns‚ \ne-bn¬ 17 {]mhiyw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p≈ h¿Ø-am-\-Ime I¿Øco A]q¿Æ-{In-b-Ifpw).

c£-sb-∂Xv {InkvXp-hns‚ ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏´ {]hr-Øn-bn-eqsSbpw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ DW¿Ø-

en-\mepw ssZh-Ir-]-bm¬ \¬I-s∏-Sp∂ kuP\y Zm\-amWv. F¶nepw Hcn-°¬ e`n-®p-I-gn-™m¬

AXn\v hne sImSp-°-Ww˛ ka¿∏-Whpw Pohn-X-ssi-enbpw! tbip-hns\ ""I¿Ømth'' F∂p hnfn-

°p-∂Xv Hcp D]-a-b√ (H.-t\m. eqs°m. 6:46)!

E. \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Hcp {]hrØn \n¿Øp-∂-Xns\ kqNn-∏n-°p∂ s\K-‰ohv ]m¿´n-°n-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb

hn[n-cq-]-ß-fpsS A¿∞-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p≈ [mcmfw Hcp h¿Øam\Ime A]q¿Æ-{In-b-Iƒ

Cu `mK-Øp≠v (hm. 14, 16[2 {]mhiyw], 17, 19, 21). {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ AXn-cp-I-fn-√msX Pohn-°p-∂-h-

cm-Wv. Hc¿∞-Øn¬, ssZhnI Zm\-ßsf ssZh-Z-Ø-amb AXn-cp-Iƒ°v shfn-bn¬ sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-∂-

XmWv ]m]w F∂p \n¿h-Nn-°m≥ Ignbpw.

F. {InkvXym-\nXzw Xpd∂ Ah-ÿ-bm-Wv-˛-Xp-d-∂-˛-a-\-ÿn-Xn, Xpd∂ Ic-ßƒ, Xpd∂ lrZ-bw, Xpd∂

hmXn-ep-Iƒ (H.-t\m. bmt°m_v 2).

]Z, ssieo ]T\w

tdma¿ 12:9˛139kvt\lw \n¿hymPw Bbncn°s´; XobXns\ shdpØp \√Xnt\mSp ]‰ns°mƒhn≥.

10ktlmZc{]oXnbn¬ XΩn¬ ÿmbn]q≠p _lpam\n°p∂Xn¬ At\ym\yw ap∂n´psImƒhn≥.11D’mlØn¬ aSp∏n√msX Bflmhn¬ Fcnhp≈hcmbn I¿Ømhns\ tkhn∏n≥. 12Bibn¬

kt¥mjn∏n≥; 13I„Xbn¬ klnjvWpX ImWn∏n≥; {]m¿∞\bn¬ D‰ncn∏n≥; hnip≤∑mcpsS

Bhiyßfn¬ Iq´mbva ImWn°bpw AXnYnkev°mcw BNcn°bpw sNbvhn≥.

12:9 ""kvt\lw \n¿hymPw Bbncn°s´'' Cu kμ¿`-Øn¬ {Ko°p ]mT-Øn¬ _‘n-∏n-°p∂ ]Z-ßƒ

(A-kn≥sU-t‰m¨) C√, sImbvt\ {Ko°n¬ CXv Akm-[m-c-W-am-Wv. aØmbn 5 se `mKym-h-ÿbv°p

]n∂n-ep≈ F{_mb hymI-cW cq]-sØ-bm-WnXp {]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Cu hyI-ca cq]w shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-

∂Xv {]tbm-K-Ønse Hmtcm∂pw H‰-bmb kXy-ß-fm-sW-∂m-Wv.

""I]-S-`‡n'' (hym-Pw) F∂Xv ""apJw-aq-Sn°p ]n∂n¬ kwkm-cn-°pI'' F∂ Xntb-‰¿ `mj-bm-Wv.

kvt\lw F∂Xv tIhew A`n-\-btam Ir{Xn-atam A√ (H.-t\m. 2 sImcn. 6:6). kvt\lw hnizm-kn-I-fpsS

kz`m-h-amWv (H.-t\m. tbml. 13:34-˛35; 15:12-˛17; 1 tbml. 3:11,18; 4:7˛21). ImcWw AXp ssZh-Øns‚ kz`m-h-

am-Wv.

""XobXns\ shdpØp'' CXv hn[n-cq-]-Øns‚ A¿∞-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p≈ h¿Øam\Ime I¿Øcn

A]q¿Æ-{InbbmWv. Xn∑ hnizm-kn-Isf A¤p-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw shdp-∏p-f-hm°p-Ibpw thWw (H.-t\m. 1

sX . 5:21-˛22). F∂m¬ an°-t∏mgpw \Ωn-ep-f-hm-°p∂ AXns‚ ^e-sØ-bmWp \mw shdp-°m-dp-≈-Xv.

NASB, NKJV ""\√Xnt\mSp ]‰ns°mƒhn≥''

NRSV ""\√Xns\ apdp-sI-∏n-Sn°phn≥''

TEV ""\√Xnt\mSp tN¿∂n-cn°phn≥''

NJB ""\√Xnt\mSp ]‰nbncn°phn≥''

CXv hn[n-cq-]-Øns‚ A¿∞-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p≈ h¿Øam\Ime I¿ΩWn (F-¶nepw a[y A¿∞-

Øn¬) A]q¿Æ-{InbbmWv ˛ ""]‰n-t®-cpI'' (H.-t\m. Dev]. 2:24; {]hr. 8:29; ^nen. 4:8; 1 sX . 5:21-˛22).

Pm{K-X-bp-sSbpw ÿntcm-’m-l-Øn-s‚bpw Bh-iy-IX {i≤n-°p-I.

12:10

NASB ""ktlmZc{]oXnbn¬ At\ym\yw ap≥K-W\ \¬IpI''

NKJV ""ktlmZc{]oXnbn¬ At\ym\yw Zb-tbmsS kvt\ln-°pI''

NRSV ""]c-kv]c {]oXn-bn¬ At\ym\yw kvt\ln-°pI''

TEV ""{InkvXym-\n-Iƒ F∂ \ne-bn¬ At\ym\yw kvt\ln-°pI''

NJB ""ktlm-Z-c-∑m¿ F∂-t]mse At\ym\yw kvt\ln-°pI''

CXv ""ktlm-Zc kvt\l''hpw ""IpSpw-_-kvt\l'' hpw tN¿∂p≈ {Ko°p ]Z-amWv (^-se-tbm+tÃm¿sK).

249

]pXnb \nba-Øn¬ ChnsS am{Xta CXp-]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≈p. hnizm-kn-Iƒ Hcp IpSpw-_-am-Wv. At\ym\yw

kvt\ln-°p-hm≥ \mw Iev]n-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p (H.-t\m. 1 sX . 4:9).

{Ko°n¬ Du∂-en-\p-th≠n Dt±-inIm hn`‡n BZyw hcp∂ hmNI ]c-º-c-I-fn¬ BZy-tØ-Xm-Wn-Xv.

NASB ""_lpam\tØmsS a‰p-≈-h¿°v ap≥ÿm\w \¬IpI''

NKJV ""_lpam\n°p∂Xn¬ a‰p-≈-h¿°v ap≥ÿm\w \¬IpI''

NRSV ""_lpam\n°p∂Xn¬ At\ym\yw ap∂n´psImƒhn≥''

TEV ""At\ym\yw _lp-am\w ImWn-°p-∂-Xn¬ ap]-¥n-bn-em-bn-cn-°pI''

NJB ""At\ym\yw a‰p-≈-h¿°v _lp-am\w sImSp-°pI''

CXv hn[n-cq-]-Øns‚ A¿∞-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p≈ h¿Øam\Ime a[y (Un-t]m-W‚ v) A]q¿Æ-

{InbbmWv. hniz-kn-Iƒ DS-º-Sn-bpsS a‰p ]¶m-fn-Isf Xß-sf-°mƒ t{ijvT-cmbn FtÆ-≠-XmWv (H.-t\m.

Fs^. 4:2; ^nen. 2:3).

12:11

NASB ""D’mlØn¬ ]n∂n-emImsX''

NKJV ""D’mlØn¬ aSp∏n√msX''

NRSV ""Xo£vW-X-bn¬ ]n∂n-em-ImsX''

TEV ""ITn-\m-[zm\w sNøp-Ibpw Ae-k-cm-Im-Xn-cn-°bpw sNøpI''

NJB ""Xf-cmØ {ia-Øn-eqsS I¿Øm-hn-\p-th≠n {]h¿Øn-°pI''

bYm¿∞ kvt\lw henb Du¿÷w Dev]m-Zn∏n-°p∂p (H.-t\m. Kem. 6:9).

NASB, NKJV ""Bflmhn¬ Fcnhp≈hcmbn''

NRSV ""Bflmhn¬ Pm{K-Xbp≈hcmbn''

TEV ""`‡n-\n-d™ lrZ-b-tØmsS''

NJB ""Bflm-hns‚ AXoh Xo£vW-X-tbmsS''

CXv hn[n-cq-]-Øns‚ A¿∞-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p≈ h¿Øam\Ime I¿Øcn A]q¿Æ-{InbbmWv. A£-

cm¿∞w ""Xnf-bv°pI'' F∂m-Wv. ]pXp°w ∏m]n® a\p-jym-flm-hn-s\tbm ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-s\tbm BWnXp

kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv (RSV, H.-t\m. {]hr. 18:25; shfn. 3:15˛16).

""I¿Ømhns\ tkhn∏n≥'' CXv hn[n-cq-]-Øns‚ A¿∞-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p≈ h¿Øam\Ime

I¿Øcn A]q¿Æ-{InbbmWv. ChnsS Isø-gpØp {]Xn-I-fn¬ hyXym-k-ap-≠v. Nne ]m›mXy Isø-gpØp

{]Xn IpSpw-_-ß-fn¬ (IsøgpØp {]XnIƒ D*,3, F, G F∂nh) ""I¿Øm-hns\'' (Iqdn-tbmkv - kurioj)F∂-Xn\p ]Icw ""ka-bØv'' (Imbn-tdmkv -˛ kairoj) F∂mWv. Cu Du∂¬ hy‡-am-°p-∂Xv Ah-kcw

°n´p-tºmse I¿Øm-hn-s\bpw Ahs‚ k`-sbbpw tkhn-°pI F∂mWv (H.-t\m. tbml. 9:4; Fs^.

5:16).

F∂n-cp-∂mepw Iqdn-tbm-kv F∂Xv sX‰n-≤-cn-°p-Itbm sX‰mbn hmbn-°p-Itbm sNbvXXp \nan-Ø-

amWv CXp kw`-hn-®-Xv. anI® ]gb IsøgpØp {]XnIfmb P46, a, A, B F∂nhbn¬ ""I¿Ømhns\

tkhn∏n≥'' F∂m-Wv. ""I¿Ømhns\'' F∂-Xn\v UBS4 “A”td‰nwKv (Dd-∏p-≈-Xv) \¬Ip∂p.

12:12 ""Bibn¬ kt¥mjn∏n≥'' CXv hn[n-cq-]-Øns‚ A¿∞-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p≈ h¿Øam\Ime

I¿Øcn A]q¿Æ-{InbbmWv.

""Bi'' ({]-Xym-i) F∂ ]Zw ]e-t∏mgpw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv c≠mw hc-hn-t\m-Sp≈ _‘-Øn-emWv (H.-

t\m. 5:2; 8:24; 15:13; 1 sX . 5:2). CXv B{Klw F∂ A¿∞-Øn-ep≈ Bi-b-√, adn®v Dd-∏p≈ kw`hw

F¶nepw kabw \n›-b-an√ F∂ ]pXnb \nba A¿∞-Øn-ep≈ Bi-bm-Wv. 4:18 sebpw 5:2 sebpw

]q¿Æ-amb Ipdn∏v ImWp-I.

""I„Xbn¬'' 5:3,5 set∏mse ""Bi'' IjvS-X-bp-ambn (Xven]vknkv -˛ qlipsij) _‘n-∏n-®n-cn-°p∂p.

hogvN kw`-hn® temI-Øn¬ {InkvXp-hns‚ injy-∑m¿°v kw`-hy-amb Imcy-am-WnXv (H.-t\m. aØm. 5:10-

˛12; tbml. 16:1˛3; 17:14; {]hr. 14:12; tdma. 5:3˛4; 8:17; 2 sImcn. 4:16˛18; 6:3˛10; 11:23˛30; ^nen. 1:29; 1 sX . 3:3;

2 Xnsam. 3:12; bmt°m. 1:2˛4; 1 ]s{Xm. 4:12-˛16). \mw AXns\ At\z-jn-°p-Itbm hne-°p-Itbm sNtø-≠-

Xn√! 5:3 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: IjvSX ImWp-I.

""klnjvWpX ImWn∏n≥'' CXv hn[n-cq-]-Øns‚ A¿∞-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p≈ h¿Øam\Ime

I¿Øcn A]q¿Æ-{InbbmWv. CXn-\¿∞w ""{Inbm-fl-I-X, kzta-[-bm, ÿnc-X-bp≈ kln-jvWpX'' F∂m-

W¿∞w.

""{]m¿∞\bn¬ D‰ncn∏n≥'' CXv hn[n-cq-]-Øns‚ A¿∞-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p≈ h¿Øam\Ime

250

I¿Øcn A]q¿Æ-{InbbmWv. {]m¿∞\ Hcp Bflob in£-Whpw Ncn-{XØn¬ kPo-h-amb ssZh-Øns‚

Icw Xncn-®-dn-bp∂ hc-hp-am-Wv. hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v kvt\l-[-\-\mb kz¿§ob ]nXm-hns\ kzm[o-\n-°p-hm≥

Ign-bpw. Xs‚ a°-fpsS {]m¿∞-\-Iƒ°v apºn¬ Xs∂-Øs∂ ]cn-an-X-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ ssZhw Xøm-dm-Ip∂p

(H.-t\m. {]hr. 1:14; 2:42; 6:4; Fs^. 6:18-˛19; sImsem. 4:2). CXp {]m¿∞-\sb Hcp _rl-Ømb DØ-c-hm-Zn-

Xz-am-°p∂p. ¢n‚¨ A¿t\mƒUns‚ {Xo {Iqjy¬ IzÃy≥kv F_u´v kv]ncn-Nz¬ hm¿s^-b¿, t]Pv 43-

˛44, 187-˛188 ImWp-I.

12:13

NASB, NRSV ""hnip≤∑mcpsS Bhiyßƒ°v kw`m-h\ sNøp-Ibpw''

NKJV ""hnip≤∑mcpsS Bhiyßƒ°v hnX-cWw sNøp-Ibpw''

TEV ""Bh-iy-Øn-en-cn-°p∂ \nß-fpsS kl-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ°v \nß-fpsS hkvXp-h-I-Iƒ

]¶n-SpI''

NJB ""ssZh-Øns‚ hnip≤ P\-ß-fn¬ Bh-iy-Øn-en-cn-°p∂hcp-ambn ]¶n-SpI''

sImbn-t\m-s\tbm (koinwnewkoinwnewkoinwnewkoinwnewkoinwnew) F∂ {Ko°p ]Z-Øn-\¿∞w ""Iq´mbva BN-cn-°pI'' F∂m-Wv. ]usem-

kns\ kw_-‘n®v Cu ]Z-Øn\v hfsc hnim-e-amb A¿∞-am-Wp-≈-Xv. AXn¬ kphn-ti-j-Ønse ]¶m-

fn-Øhpw `uXnI Bh-iy-ß-fnse ]¶m-f-Øhpw AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂p (H.-t\m. Kem. 6:6). {InkvXp-hns‚

IjvS-Xsbbpw (H.-t\m. ^nen. 3:8˛10; 1 ]s{Xm. 4:13) ]usem-kns‚ IjvS-X-sbbpw (H.-t\m. ^nen. 4:14) ]¶n-

Sp-∂-Xn\pw CXp-]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p. {InkvXp-hn-t\mSv tNcpI F∂-Xn-\¿∞w F√m \ne-bnepw Ahs‚ P\-

tØmSpw tNcpI F∂m-Wv. 1:7 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: hnip-≤-∑m¿ ImWp-I.

CXv hn[n-cq-]-Øns‚ A¿∞-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p≈ h¿Øam\Ime I¿Øcn A]q¿Æ-{InbbmWv

(H.-t\m. kZr. 3:27; Kem. 6:10). tbip-hns‚ \ma-Øn¬ a‰p-≈-h¿°pw \¬Ip-hm≥ A[nIw e`n-t°-≠-Xn\v

hnizm-kn-Iƒ ITn-\m[zm\w sNtø-≠-Xm-Ip∂p (H.-t\m. 2 sImcn. 8:11-˛12; Fs^. 4:28).

{]tXyI ]T\hnjbw: sImbvt\m\nb (koinwniakoinwniakoinwniakoinwniakoinwnia)""Iq´mbva'' (sImbvt\m\nb-˛koinwniakoinwniakoinwniakoinwniakoinwnia) F∂ ]ZØn\¿∞w

1. Hcp hy‡nbpambp≈ ASpØ klh¿ØnXzw

a. ]p{X\pambn (H.t\m. 1 tbml. 1:6; 1 sImcn. 1:9)

b. Bflmhpambn (H.t\m. 2 sImcn. 13:13; ^nen. 2:1)

c. ]nXmhnt\mSpw ]p{Xt\mSpw (H.t\m. 1 tbml. 1:3)

d. a‰v DSºSn ktlmZc∑m¿/ktlmZcnamcpambn (H.t\m. 1 tbml. 1:7; {]hr. 2:42; Kem. 2:9;

^nte. 17)

2. hkvXp°fpw AYhm kaqlßfpambp≈ ASpØ klh¿ØnXzw

a. kphntijtØmSv (H.t\m. ^nen. 1:5; ^nte. 6)

b. {InkvXphns‚ c‡tØmSv (H.t\m. 1 sImcn. 10:16)

c. Ccpfnt\mSn√ (H.t\m. 2 sImcn. 6:14)

d. IjvSXbpambn (H.-t\m. ^nen. 3:10; 4:14; 1 ]s{Xm. 4:13)

3. Zm\tam kw`mh\tbm HuZmcyambn \¬Ip∂Xv (H.t\m. tdma. 12:13; 15:26; 2 sImcn. 8:4; 9:13;

^nen. 4:15; F{_m. 13:16).

4 . ssZhtØmSpw Xs‚ ktlmZcn ktlmZc∑mtcmSpap≈ a\pjys‚ Iq´mbvasb

bYmÿm\s∏SpØp∂ {InkvXphneqsSbp≈ ssZhØns‚ Ir]mZm\w.

ew__‘ØneqsS (a\pjy\p {kjvSmhnt\mSp≈) km[yamIp∂ Xnc›o\ _‘sØ (a\pjy\p

a\pjyt\mSp≈) Ipdn®mWp ]dbp∂Xv. {InkvXob kaqlØns‚ BhiyIXsbbpw kt¥mjsØ

bpw Ipdn®pw CXv Du∂n∏dbp∂p. kaqlØns‚ Cu A\p`hØns‚ Bcw`sØbpw XpS¿®sbbpw

Cu {InbmImew Du∂n∏dbp∂p (H.t\m. 1:3 [2 {]mhiyw], 6,7). {InkvXym\nXzw kaql]camWv.

""AXnYnkev°mcw BNcn°bpw'' CXv hn[n-cq-]-Øns‚ A¿∞-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n- p≈ h¿Øam\Ime

I¿Øcn A]q¿Æ-{InbbmWv. ""AXnYn kev°m-csØ ]n¥p-S-cpI'' F∂mWv B£-cn-Im¿∞w (14:9 s‚

Ipdn∏v ImWpI; H.-t\m. 1 Xnsam. 3:2; XosØm. 1:8; F{_m. 13:2; 1 ]s{Xm. 4:9). k{X-ß-fpsS Ip{]-kn≤n

\nanØw BZna k`-bn¬ Cu ip{iqj AXy-[nIw {]m[m-\y-ap-≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. {InkvXob k©mc kphn-

ti-j-Isc ]m¿∏n-°p-Ibpw t]mjn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xn-s\bmWv CXp {]mYan-I-ambn kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

251

tdma¿ 12:14-˛2114\nßsf D]{Zhn°p∂hsc A\p{Kln∏n≥; i]n°msX A\p{Kln∏n≥. 15kt¥mjn°p∂-

htcmSp-IqsS kt¥mjn°bpw Icbp∂htcmSpIqsS IcIbpw sNbvhn≥. 16XΩn¬ sFIaXy-

ap≈hcmbn hen∏w `mhn°msX FfnbhtcmSp tN¿∂psImƒhn≥; \nßsf-Øt∂ _p≤nam∑m¿

F∂p hnNmcn°cpXp. 17B¿°pw Xns∑°p ]Icw Xn∑ sNømsX kIe-a\pjycpsSbpw apºn¬

tbmKyambXp ap≥IcpXn, 18Ignbpsa¶n¬ \nßfm¬ Bthmfw kIea\pjytcmSpw kam[m\-

ambncn∏n≥. 19{]nbap≈htc, \nßƒ Xt∂ {]XnImcw sNømsX ssZhtIm]Øn∂p CSwsImSp-

∏n≥; {]XnImcw F\n°p≈Xp; Rm≥ ]Icw sNøpw F∂p I¿Ømhp Acpfns®øp∂p, F∂m¬20""\ns‚ i{Xphn∂p hni°p∂p F¶n¬ Ah\p Xn∑m≥ sImSp°; Zmln°p∂p F¶n¬ IpSn∏m≥

sImSp°; Aßs\ sNbvXm¬ \o Ahs‚ Xeta¬ Xo°\¬ Ip∂n°pw'' F∂p FgpXnbncn°p-

∂pht√m. 21Xn∑tbmSp tXmev°msX \∑bm¬ Xn∑sb Pbn°pI.

12:14 ""\nßsf D]{Zhn°p∂hsc A\p{Kln∏n≥'' CXv Cu hmIy-Øn¬ c≠p {]mhiyw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-

°p∂p h¿Ø-am-\-Ime I¿Øcn hn[n-cq-]amWv. Cu hmIy-Ønse ""A\p-{K-ln-°pI'' F∂ ]Z-Øn¬

\n∂mWv Cw•o-jns\ ""bptemKn'' F∂ ]Z-ap-≠m-b-Xv (H.-t\m. aØm. 5:44; eqs°m. 6:28; 1 sImcn. 4:12;

bmt°m. 3:9˛12; 1 ]s{Xm. 3:9). IsøgpØp {]XnIƒ P46 epw (sN-Ã¿ _o‰n ]m∏n-d-kv) B bnepw (hØn-

°m\kv) ""\nßsf'' F∂Xv Hgn-hm°n {]kvXm-h-\sb IqSp-X¬ s]mXp-hm-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ""D]-{Z-hn-°pI''

F∂-Xn\v 14:9 s‚ Ipdn∏v ImWp-I.

""i]n°msX'' \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Hcp {]hrØn \n¿Øp-∂-Xns\ kqNn-∏n-°p∂ s\K-‰ohv ]m¿ń-°n-

tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb Hcp h¿Øam\Ime a[y (Un-t∏m-W‚ v) hn[n-cq]-am-Wn-Xv. {]Xn-Im-c-Øn-\mbn ssZh-Øns‚

\masØ hnfn-®-t]-£n-°pI F∂ A¿∞-am-Wn-Xn\v (1 sImcn. 12:3 se im]-Øn\p Xpeyw). CXv tamiw

]ZsØ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂n√ (H.-t\m. Fs^. 4:29; 1 ]s{Xm. 3:9).

12:15 ""kt¥mjn°p∂-htcmSp-IqsS kt¥mjn°bpw Icbp∂htcmSpIqsS IcIbpw sNbvhn≥'' Cu

c≠p h¿Øam\Ime tIhe {Inb-Iƒ hn[n-cq-]-Øns‚ A¿∞-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. hnizm-kn-Iƒ

Hcp IpSpw-_-am-Wv. hnizm-kn-Iƒ a’-c-Øn-e-√, adn®v ]c-kv]cw IpSpw-_-kvt\-l-Øn¬ Icp-X-Ww. hm. 14-

˛21 s‚ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬, CXv Ahn-izm-kn-I-fpsS kaq-l-tØmtS kphn-tijw ]¶p-sh-bv°p-∂-Xn-\p≈

Ah-k-c-ambn I≠v Ahtcm-Sp≈ hnizm-kn-I-fpsS DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ambpw FSp-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

12:16

NASB, NKJV ""At\ym\yw Htc a\- p-≈-h-cm-bn-cn-∏n≥''

NRSV ""XΩn¬ sFIaXyap≈hcmbn''

TEV ""Hmtcm-cp-Ø-sc-°p-dn®pw Htc Icp-X-ep-≈-h-cmbn''

NJB ""F√mhtcmSpw kam\ Zb-tbmsS s]cp-am-dpI''

CXv hn[n-cq-]-Øns‚ A¿∞-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p≈ h¿Øam\Ime I¿Øcn A]q¿Æ-{InbbmWv

(H.-t\m. 15:5; 2 sImcn. 13:11; ^nen. 2:2). hm. 16 Xmsg-∏-d-bp-∂-h¿ XΩn-ep≈ `n∂-X-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬

ho£n-°m-hp-∂-XmWv

1. tdmanse k`-bnse hniz-kn-°p∂ sblq-Z-∑mcpw hniz-kn-°p∂ PmXn-Ifpw

2. kmº-ØnI kaq-l-ßƒ XΩn¬ Ime-ß-fm-bp≈ `n∂X

3. hyXykvX Bflob hc-ßƒ

4. Xe-ap-dm-\-¥c ]mc-º-cy-ßfpw hy‡n-]-c-amb ap≥K-W-\-Ifpw

""hen∏w mhn°msX FfnbhtcmSp tN¿∂psImƒhn≥'' \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Hcp {]hrØn \n¿Øp-

∂-Xns\ kqNn-∏n-°p∂ s\K-‰ohv ]m¿ń-°n-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb Hcp h¿Øam\Ime I¿Øcn hn[n-cq]-am-Wn-Xv.

""Ffn-b-h¿'' F∂ ]Zw ]p√nw-Ktam \]pw-k-I-enw-Ktam BImw. \]pw-k-I-sa-¶n¬ X¿÷-a, ""lo\-

amb tPmen-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°pI'' F∂m-Wv. ]p√nw-Ksa¶n¬ ""Zcn-{Z-cmb As√-¶n¬ Xmgva-bp≈ BfpItfmSv

kl-I-cn-°pI'' F∂m-Wv.

""\nßsf-Øt∂ _p≤nam∑m¿ F∂p hnNmcn°cpXv'' \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Hcp {]hrØn \n¿Øp-

∂-Xns\ kqNn-∏n-°p∂ s\K-‰ohv ]m¿ń-°n-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb Hcp h¿Øam\Ime a[y (Un-t∏m-W‚ v) hn[n-cq]-

am-Wn-Xv (H.-t\m. kZr. 3:7; sbi. 5:21; 1 sImcn. 10:12; Kem. 6:3). hnizm-kn-Iƒ At\ym\yw a‰-hs‚ apºn¬

hen-b-h-s\∂p `mhn-°-tbm Ass{I-kvXh kaq-l-Øn\p apºn¬ [n°m-c-tØmsS CS-s]-Sp-Itbm AcpXv.

12:17 ""B¿°pw Xns∑°p ]Icw Xn∑ sNømsX'' CXv \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Hcp {]hrØn \n¿Øp-∂-

Xns\ kqNn-∏n-°p∂ s\K-‰ohv ]m¿ń-°n-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb hn[n-cq-]-Øns‚ A¿∞-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p≈

h¿Øam\Ime I¿Øcn A]q¿Æ-{InbbmWv. Imcy-ßsf t\sc-bm-°p-∂-Xns‚ DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw hnizmknI-

252

fp-tS-X√ ssZh-Øn-t‚-XmWv (H.-t\m. kZr. 20:22; 24:29; aØm. 5:38-˛48; eqs°m. 6:27; 1 sX . 5:15; 1 ]s{Xm.

3:9).

""kIea\pjycpsSbpw apºn¬ tbmKyambXp ap≥IcpXn'' CXv hn[n-cq-]-Øns‚ A¿∞-Øn¬ D]-

tbm-Kn-®n-´p≈ h¿Øam\Ime a[y A]q¿Æ-{InbbmWv (H.-t\m. 2 sImcn. 8:21; 1 sX . 5:22; 1 Xnsam. 3:7).

CXv kZr. 3:4 s‚ sk]v‰z-Pn‚ns‚ kqN-\-bm-Wv. Ass{I-kvX-hsc kphn-ti-jo-I-cn-°pI F∂ e£y-

tØmsS thWw hnizm-kn-Iƒ Pohn-°p-hm≥. Ahn-izm-knsb {]tIm-]n-∏n-°p-Itbm AI-‰n-°-f-bp-Itbm

sNøp∂ bmsXm∂pw \mw sNø-cpXv (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 9:19-˛23). \ΩpsS Bg-amb t_m[y-ßƒ t]mepw

kvt\l-a-kr-W-am-bn-´p-thWw {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-hm≥.

12:18 ""Ignbpsa¶n¬ \nßfm¬ Bthmfw kIea\pjytcmSpw kam[m\ambncn∏n≥'' CXv Fgp-Øp-

Im-cs‚ ho£-W-Øn¬ kXy-am-btXm As√-¶n¬ Ahs‚ cN-t\m-t±-iy-Øn\p th≠n-bp-≈tXm Bb

H∂mwXcw tkm]m-[nI hmN-I-am-Wv. CXn-s\-Øp-S¿∂v hn[n-cq-]-Øns‚ A¿∞-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p≈

h¿Øam\Ime I¿Øcn A]q¿Æ-{Inb hcp-∂p. CXv F√m-bvt]mgpw hnizm-kn-bpsS Xnc-s™-Sp-∏-√, F¶nepw

hymI-cWw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv AXv ]e-t∏mgpw km[y-am-sW-∂mWv (H.-t\m. a¿s°m. 9:50; 2 sImcn. 13:11; 1

sX . 5:13).

12:19 ""\nßƒ Xt∂ {]XnImcw sNømsX'' CXv \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Hcp {]hrØn \n¿Øp-∂-Xns\

kqNn-∏n-°p∂ s\K-‰ohv ]m¿´n-°n-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb hn[n-cq-]-Øns‚ A¿∞-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p≈

h¿Øam\Ime I¿Øcn A]q¿Æ-{InbbmWv. ssZhw Hcp \mƒ F√mw {Ia-s∏-SpØpw (H.-t\m tehy.

19:18; Bh. 32:35; F{_m. 10:30).

""F∂p Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂p-ht√m'' CXv ssZh-izm-kob Xncp-sh-gp-Øns\∏‰n ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈

Hcp F{_mb `mjm ssien-bm-Wn-Xv. ssZh-izm-ko-b-X-bpsS Cu ssien ""I¿Ømhv Acpfns®øp∂p''

F∂-Xn\v kam-¥-c-amWv (1 sImcn. 14:21; 2 sImcn. 6:17). CXv Bh. 32:35 ¬ \n∂p≈ D≤-cWnbm-Wv.

12:20 ""F∂m¬ \ns‚ i{Xp-hn\v'' CXv kw`-hy-amb `mhn-Ime {]hrØn F∂¿∞w hcp∂ Hcp aq∂mw

Xc tkm]m-[n-I hmN-I-am-Wv.

""Ahs‚ Xe-ta¬ Xo°-\¬ Ip∂n°pw'' CXv kZr. 25:21˛22 s\∏-‰n-bp≈ Hcp ]cm-a¿i-am-Wv. hymJym\

XXz-ßƒ Xmsg-∏-d-bp-∂-h-bmWv:˛

1. i{Xp-hns\ an{X-am°n am‰p-∂-Xn-\p≈ G‰hpw \√ am¿§w Zb-bmWv F∂¿∞-am-°p∂ Hcp an{k-

boay kmwkvIm-cnI ssien Bbn-cn-°m-\mWv km[y-X. CXv Ft∏mgpw Xn∑-bvs°-Xn-sc-bp≈

{InkvXob {]Xn-I-c-W-amWv (H.-t\m. a-Øm. 5:44).

2. ""Xo°-\¬'' Hcp-hs‚ A\p-Nn-X-amb {]hr-Øn-Ifnse A]-am-\sØ {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn ImW-

s∏-Sp-∂p. Ch as‰m-cp-hs‚ kvt\l-Øns‚bpw £a-bp-sSbpw shfn-®-Øn¬ hfsc hy‡-ambn {]I-

S-am-Ip∂p (Aw-t{_m-kn-bm-Ã¿, AK-kv‰n≥, sPtdmw).

3. A\p-X-]n-°m-Ø-hsc ssZhw hfsc Xo{h-ambn \ymbw hn[n-°p-∂-Xn-\n-S-bm-°p∂ {InkvXob A\pIº-

sb-∏-‰n-bmWv CXv ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂-sX∂v HdnKWpw {Intkm-Ãhpw ]d-bp∂p (sP-tdmw- _n-ªn-°¬

Ia‚-dn, hmeyw 2, t]Pv 326).

ta¬∏-d™ XXz-ß-sf√mw AXp-am-{X-am-Wv. 21˛mw hmIy-Ønse ]usem-kns‚ kw{Kl {]kvXm-h-\-

bmWv-CXns‚ Xmt°m¬.

12:21 ""Xn∑-tbmSp tXm¬°msX \∑-bm¬ Xn∑sb Pbn-°pI'' CXv h¿Ø-am-\-Ime I¿ΩWn hn[n-cq-

]hpw h¿Ø-am-\-Ime I¿Øcn hn[n-cq-]hpam-Wv. \ymb-c-ln-X-amb s]cp-am-‰-tØmSp≈ \ΩpsS {]Xn-I-

cWw \ΩpsS kam-[m-\-Øn-s‚bpw kt¥m-j-Øn-s‚bpw \ne-hm-csØ \n¿Æ-bn-°pw. hntZzjw Hcp Bflob

A¿_p-Z-am-Wv. hnizm-kn-Iƒ CXv ssZh-Øn-t\ev]n-°-Ww.

""Xn∑'' CXv H∂p-In¬ ]p√nw-K-am-Imw, AXp-sIm≠v CXv ZpjvS-\m-b-hs\∏‰n-bp≈ Hcp ]cm-a¿i-am-

°mw. As√-¶n¬ \]pw-k-I-am-Imw. Aßs\sb¶n¬ km¿Δ-P-\o-I-ambn Xn∑-sb-∏‰n ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂-XmImw

(H.-t\m. 12:9; 1 sX . 5:21˛22). CXv ]pXnb \nba-Ønse km[m-c-W-amb Hcp Zp¿{K-lX-bmWv (H.-t\m. a-

Øm. 5:37; 6:13; 13:19,28; tbml. 17:15; 2 sX . 3:3; 1 tbml. 2:13˛14; 3:12; 5: 18˛19). Cu ]pXnb at\m-`m-h-ß-

fpsSbpw {]hrØn-I-fp-sSbpw e£yw kphn-ti-jo-I-c-WamsW-∂Xv Xo¿®-bmbpw Hm¿Øn-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

hm. 9˛21 se N¿®-bv°p≈ tNmZy-ßƒ



253






1. F¥p-sIm-≠mWv hm. 9˛21 se s\K-‰ohv ]m¿´n-°n-fn-t\m-sSm∏w A\-h[n h¿Ø-am-\-Ime hn[n-cq-]-

ßƒ D≈-Xv.

2. Cu hmIy-ß-fnse F√m B⁄-I-fp-sSbpw ]´nI Hcp tImf-Øn¬ Fgp-Xp-I. {]mtbm-Kn-I-amb

ssZ\w-Zn\ {InkvXp-km-Zr-iy-Øn¬ AS-ßn-bn-´p≈ Imcy-ß-fpsS _mlpeyw \nßsf Aº-c-∏n-°pw.

3. GXp hmIy-ß-fmWv a‰p hnizm-kn-I-tfm-Sp≈ {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS s]cp-am-‰sØ ]‰n ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂-

sX∂pw GXp hmIy-ß-fmWv Ahn-izm-kn-I-tfm-Sp≈ Ah-cpsS s]cp-am-‰sØ∏‰n ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂-

sX∂pw \n¿Æ-bn-°p-∂Xv hfsc {]bm-k-I-c-ambncn-°p-∂Xv F¥p-sIm≠v?

254

\nba-ß-tfm-Sp≈ Kh-s◊‚n\p {InkvXym-\nbpw cmjv{S A[n-Im-cnI `c-Wm-[n-Im-cnI

A\p-k-cWw Iogvs∏-SpI cmjv{Shpw tfmSp≈ DØ-chm ƒ°p Iogvs∏-SpI

ZnØ-ßƒ

13:1˛7 13:1˛7 13:1˛7 13:1˛5 13:1˛7

13:6˛7

ktlm-Zc \nß-fpsS Ab kvt\lw \ymb{] At\ym-\y-ap≈ kvt\lhpw

kvt\lw ev°msc kvt\ln amWw \nh¿Øn DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ßƒ bp≤hpw

°pI °p∂p

13:8˛10 13:8˛10 13:8˛10 13:8˛10 13:8˛10

{InkvXp-hns‚ {InkvXp-hns\ {InkvXp-hns‚ shfn-®-Øns‚

\mƒ kao]w [cn-°pI c≠mw-h-c-hns‚ a°ƒ

Bk-∂X

13:11˛14 13:11˛14 13:11˛14 13:11˛13 13:11˛14

13:14
















4. BZnbmbh

hm. 1˛7 s‚ ]›m-Øe Dƒ°m-gvN-IƒA. 12˛mw A[ymbw {]mY-anIambpw {InkvXym-\n-sbbpw Ahs‚ Iq´p hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw ]‰nbpw ]cm-

a¿in-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse (hm. 9˛13) A≤ymbw 13:1˛7 {]mY-an-I-ambpw ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂Xv {InkvXym-\n-

sbbpw `-c-W-Iq-SsØbpw ]‰n-bm-Wv. F∂n-cp-∂mepw Cu hnj-b-ß-ƒ°nS-bn¬ ]›m-Ø-e- hn-`-P-\-

an-√. ]usemkv Ahsb H∂mbn I≠p. BflnIsat∂m euIn-I-sat∂m Bb Hcp th¿Xn-cn-°-ep-an-

√. F√m Pohn-Xhpw ssZh-Øn-\p-≈-Xm-Wv. Hmtcm taJ-e-bn-sebpw Imcy-ÿ-cmWv hnizm-kn-Iƒ.

Cu c≠v A[ym-b-ßfpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w 12:18 ¬ ImWmw.

B. `c-W-Iq-S-Øns‚ ÿm\sØ∏-‰n-bp≈ hnizm-kn-I-fpsS [mcW hyXy-kvX-amWv. ]g-b -\n-b-a-Øn¬

Ibos‚ t{iWn-bn-emWv `c-W-IqSw Bhn¿`-hn-°p-∂Xv (D-ev]. 4:6˛22). ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂pw th¿s]´v

kz¥-am-bp≈ `c-W-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ a\p-jy-h¿§-Øns‚ {ia-tØmSv _mt_¬tKm-]pcw _‘-

s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p (D-ev]. 11). bn{km-tb-ense cmP-Xzw-sIm≠v A¿∞-am-°n-bn-cp-∂Xv ssZhnI \ntbm-K-

Øn-eq-sS \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏´ CS-bs‚ Iognep≈ (cm-Pm-hv) ssZhnI `c-W-am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ a\p-jy-

h¿§-Øns‚ ]m]w \nanØw CXv hnP-b-I-c-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. aØm. 22:21 sebpw a¿s°m. 12:17 sebpw

DNn-X-amb `c-W-Iq-S-sØ-∏-‰n-bp≈ tbip-hns‚ N¿® ]c-a-{]-[m-\-am-Wv. Cu ]›m-Ø-e-Øn-ep≈

255

tbip-hns‚ hm°p-I-sf-∏‰n ]usemkv kqN\ \¬Im-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xv AXn-i-b-I-c-amWv (1˛7,11 hmIy-

ßƒ aØm. 22:15˛22, 39 kam-¥-c-ambn ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p-sh-¶nepw Hcp hogvN `hn-® temI-Øn¬ `c-W-

Iq-S-Øn\v ssZh-Øm¬ \¬I-s∏´ DNn-X-amb Hcp [¿Ω-ap-≠v. an°-t∏mgpw As∏m-kvX-e-∑m¿ cmjv{So-

bhpw aX-]-c-hp-amb A[n-Im-c-tØmSv Fßs\ _‘-s∏-Sp-sa∂ hnj-b-Øn¬ _p≤n-ap-´-\p-`-hn-°p-

hm≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-cm-bn-´p-≠v. AXv km[Im-fl-I-amtbm \ntj[mfl-I-amtbm am\p-jnI Bhn-jvIm-c-

Øns‚ {]hr-Øn-Isf B{i-bn-®m-bn-cn-°p-∂psh∂v sXfn-™n-cn-°p-∂p. ]usemkv `c-W-Iq-S-Øm¬

kwc-£n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw ]oUn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≠v. F∂n-cp-∂mepw shfn-∏m-Sn¬ tbml-∂m≥

`c-W-Iq-SsØ∏‰n a-lm-th-iy F∂p ]d-™ncn-°p∂p (sh-fn. 17)!

Bflmhn\m¬ \bn-°-s∏-Sp∂ a\- m-£nsb AXn-ew-Ln-°p-Itbm ]c-a-amb Iqdv Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-

Itbm sNøp-∂n-√m-sb-¶n¬ \mw Xo¿®-bmbpw `c-W-Iq-SsØ ]n≥Xm-ß-Ww. `c-W-Iq-S-Øns‚ coXn-

Iƒ Bib-°pg∏ap-f-hm-°p-∂-XmWv (2 sX . 2:6˛7).

C. CtX hnjbw Xs∂ XosØm. 3:4 epw 1 ]s{Xm. 2:13˛17 `mKØpw ssIImcyw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p.

D. H∂mw \q‰m-≠nse tdmam `c-W-Iq-S-Øn-\p-Iognse Hcp \nb-am-\p-krX aX-am-bn-cp∂p sblq-Zm-a-Xw.

A\-h[n h¿j-ß-tfmfw CXn-\p-≈nse Hcp -L-S-I-am-bmWv {InkvXym-\nXzw Icp-X-s∏-ń-cp-∂-Xv (A-

s∏m. 18:12˛16). AXv Cu Ime-bfhn¬ anj-\dn {]ÿm-\-Øn\v \nb-a-]-c-amb kwc-£Ww t\Sn-s°m-

Sp-Øp. {InkvXym-\nXzw tdman\v Hcp cmjv{Sob òj-Wn-b√ F∂p ImWn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p As∏m-

kvX-e-{]-hr-Øn-I-fpsS Hcp e£yw. tdmw Hcp A¥m-cmjv{S kam-[m-\hpw k¥p-en-Xm-h-ÿbpw (]mIvkv

sdmam-\) e`y-am-°p-Ibpw Aßs\ kphn-tijw {]N-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp (1 Xnsam. 2:1˛2).

E. A[nImcnI-tfm-Sp≈ _‘-Ønse ]usem-kns‚ A\p-`-h-ßƒ Cu thZ-`m-K-Øns‚ Xo{hX h¿≤n-

∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Cu `mKw Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bXv Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ Imc-W-ß-fm-bn-cn-°m≥ km[y-X-bp-≠v.

1. `c-W-Iq-S-Øns‚ Xo¿∏p-tfmSp _‘-s∏-´v tdmanse k`-bv°p-≈nep≠mb kwL¿j-ßƒ (D-Zm.

sblqZ aXm-\p-jvTm-\-ßsf \nb-{¥n-°p-I). CXv hniz-kn-°p-∂-h-cmb Nne sblqZ∑msc Xe-

ÿm\w hnSp-∂-Xn-\n-S-bm-°nbn-cn°mw (D-Zm. AIzn-emkpw {]nkvIn-√bpw. As∏m. 18:2). Ah-cpsS

Akm-∂n-[y-Øn¬ PmXob t\XrXzw Bhn¿`-hn-®p.

2. tdmanse hnime sblqZ kap-Zm-b-tØmSv kphn-tijw {]kw-Kn-®Xp \nan-Ø-ap-≠mb kwL¿j-

ßƒ. Ncn-{X-Im-c-\mb kypt´m-Wn-b-kv, sse v Hm v t¢mUn-bkv ¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv, ""s{IÃkv''

\nan-Ø-ap-≠mb elf ImcWw N{I-h¿Øn Xe-ÿm-\Øp \n∂pw F.-Un. 49 ¬ sblq-Z-∑msc

\mSp-I-S-Øn F∂mWv. {InkvXp F∂-Xns‚ eØo-≥ cq]-am-bn-cn°mw s{IÃ-kv.

]Z, ssieo ]T\w

tdma¿ 13:1˛71GXp a\pjy\pw t{ijvTm[nImcßƒ°p IogSßs´. ssZhØme√msX Hc[nImchpan√t√m;

D≈ A[nImcßtfm ssZhØm¬ \nban°s∏ńcn°p∂p. 2BIbm¬ A[nImctØmSp

adp°p∂h≥ ssZhhyhÿtbmSp adp°p∂p. adp°p∂htcm in£mhn[n {]m]n°pw. 3hmgp∂h¿

k¬{]hrØn°√ Zpjv{]hrØn°t{X `b¶cw. A[nImcÿs\ `bs∏SmXncn∏m≥ C—n°p-

∂pthm? \∑ sNbvI; F∂m¬ Aht\mSp ]pIgvN e`n°pw. 4\ns‚ \s∑°mbn´t√m Ah≥

ssZhip{iqj°mc\mbncn°p∂Xp. \o Xn∑ sNbvXmtem `bs∏SpI; shdpsX A√ Ah≥ hmƒ

hln°p∂Xp; Ah≥ tZmjw {]h¿Øn°p∂hs‚ ins£°mbn {]XnImcnbmb ssZhip{iqj-

°mc≥ Xt∂. 5AXpsIm≠p in£sb am{Xa√ a\ m£nsbbpw hnNmcn®p IogSßpI Bhiyw.6AXpsIm≠p \nßƒ \nIpXnbpw sImSp°p∂p. Ah¿ ssZhip{iqjI∑mcpw B Imcyw Xt∂

t\m°p∂hcpamIp∂p. 7F√mh¿°pw ISambp≈Xp sImSp∏n≥; \nIpXn sImSpt°≠h∂p \nIp-

Xn; Np¶w sImSpt°≠h∂p Np¶w; `bw ImWnt°≠h∂p `bw; am\w ImWnt°≠h∂p am\w.

13:1 ""GXp a\p-jy\pw Iog-S-ßs´'' CXv Iog-S-ßn-s°m-≠n-cn°pI F∂¿∞-ap≈ Hcp h¿Ø-am-\-Ime

I¿ΩWn hn[n-cq]w AYhm ""Ah-s\tbm/ Ah-sftbm Xs∂-Øm≥ ka¿∏n-°pI F∂¿∞-ap≈ h¿Ø-

am-\-Ime a[y hn[n-cq]w BWv (Xo-sØm. 3:1; 1 ]s{Xm. 2:13). ""Iog-S-ßpI'' F∂Xv Hcp B⁄m irwJ-e-

sb-∏‰n hnh-cn-°p∂Xn\p-]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp∂ Hcp ssk\nI ssien-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ]usemkv A`nkwt_m-[\

sNøp-∂Xv F√m hnizm-kn-I-sf-bp-am-Wv. hnizm-kn-Iƒ At\ym\yw Iog-S-ßn-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂v ]usemkv {]Jym-

]n-°p∂p (F-s^. 5:21).

\ΩpsS ImeØv Iog-S-ßn-bn-cn-°pI F∂Xv Hcp \ntj[mflI ssien-bmWv. Xmgva-sbbpw ssZh-h-N-

\-Øns‚ AKm-[-amb Adn-hn-s\bpw Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p∂ Hcp ]Z-am-Wn-Xv. tbip Xs‚ (1) ùanI amXm-]n-Xm-

256

°ƒ°pw (2) Ahs‚ kz¿§ob ]nXm-hn\pw (1 sImcn. 15:28) Iog-S-ßn-bn-cp∂p F∂v ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p. Cu

taJ-e-bn¬ \ΩpsS hgn Imń Ah-\m-Wv.

10:3 se {]tXyI hnjbw: Iogvs∏S¬ ImWpI

""t{ijvTm-[n-Im-c-ßƒ°v'' a‰p ]›m-Ø-e-ß-fn¬ Cu ]Zw ]usemkv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv ZqX i‡n-I-

sf-∏‰n, {]mY-an-I-ambn kmØm\y i‡n-Isf∏‰n ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂-Xn-\m-sW-¶nepw (8:38; sImsem. 1:6; 20:10,15;

Fs^. 1:21; 3:10; 6:12) ChnsS ]dbp-∂Xv cmjv{Sob A[n-Im-c-ß-sf°p-dn®mWv (1 sImcn. 2:6,8; XosØm. 3:1;

1 ]s{Xm. 2:13). am\p-jnI `c-W-Iq-S-ßƒ°p ]n∂n¬ ZqX∑mcpsS A[n-Im-c-ßƒ Ds≠∂v ss__nƒ kqNn-

∏n-°p-∂p (Zm-\o. 10; Bh. 32:8 ¬ ""atlm-∂-X≥ PmXn-Iƒ°p Ah-Imiw hn`m-Kn-°bpw a\p-jy-]p-{X-∑msc

th¿]n-cn-°bpw sNbvX-t∏mƒ Ah≥ (ssZh-Øns‚ ZqX-∑m-cpsS FÆ-Øn\p) X°-hÆw PmXn-I-fpsS

AXn¿Øn-Isf \nb-an-®p'' F∂p ImWp-∂p). HmkvIm¿ Iuƒams‚ ss{IÃv B‚ v ssSw, sl≥{Sn°kv

s_¿t°m-^ns‚ ss{IÃv B‚ v Zn ]th-gvkv F∂o {KŸ-ßƒ ImWpI. F∂m¬ Ct∏mƒ `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-

Iƒ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv ssZh-Øns‚ A[o-\-X-bn-emWv (hm. 1b, 4a, 6). XmsgsImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ {]tXyI

]T\ hnjbw ImWp-I.

{]tXyI ]T\hn-jbw:

A[n-Imcw (F-Ivkq-kn-bm˛exousiaexousiaexousiaexousiaexousia)FIvkq-knb (A-[n-Im-cw, i‡n AYhm \nb-a-]-c-amb A[n-Im-cw) F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ eqs°mkns‚ D]-

tbmKw \nco-£n-°pI ck-I-c-amWv

1. 4:6 ¬ tbip-hn\v A[n-Imcw sImSp-°m≥ Ign-hp≈hm\m-Wp Xms\∂v kmØm≥ Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-

∂p.

2. 4:32, 36 ¬ Fßs\ tbip Xs‚ ]Tn-∏n-°-en¬ hy‡n-]-c-amb A[n-Imcw D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p F∂-

Xn¬ sblq-Z-∑m¿ A¤p-X-s∏-Sp-∂p.

3. 9:1 ¬ Ah≥ Xs‚ A[n-Im-chpw i‡nbpw Xs‚ As∏m-kvX-e-∑m¿°pw sImSp-Øp.

4. 10:19 ¬ Ah≥ Xs‚ A[n-Imcw Fgp-]Xv anj-\-dn-am¿°v sImSp-Øp.

5. 20:2,8 ¬ tbip-hns‚ A[n-Im-c-sØ-∏‰n tI{μ-amb tNmZyw tNmZn-°-s∏-´p.

6. 22:53 ¬ tbip-hns\ Ip‰w hn[n-°p-hm\pw sIm√phm\pw Xn∑bv°v A[n-Imcw A\p-h-Zn-°-s∏-´p.

eqs°m-kn¬ Cs√-¶nepw aØm-bn-bnse t{ijvT\ntbmKØns‚ Bap-J-amb ""kz¿§-Ønepw `qan-bnepw

kIe A[n-Im-chpw F\n°v \¬I-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂p'' F∂Xv Hcp al-Ømb {]kvXm-h-\-bmWv (a-Øm.

28:18).

Ah-cpsS tNmZy-Øn-\p≈ tbip-hns‚ DØcw CXm-bn-cp-∂n-cn-°mw.

1. {]tXyI L´-ß-fn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ D®-cn-°-s∏´ hN\w

a. kv\m\-Øn-¶¬ (eq-s°m. 3:21˛22)

b. adp-cq-]-a-e-bn¬ (eq-s°m. 9:35)

2. \nh¿Ønbmb ]g-b-\n-ba {]h-N\w

a. sblqZm tKm{Xw (D-ev]. 49:10)

b. bn»m-bn-bpsS IpSpw_w (2 iaq. 17)

c. t_Xvetlanse P\\w (aoJm 5:2)

d. Zm\n-tb¬ 2 se \memw km{amPy ImesØ (tdm-a) P\\w

e. Zcn-{Z-scbpw Ipcp-Sscbpw AK-Xn-I-sfbpw (sb-iømhv) klm-bn-®p

3. Ah≥ `qXsØ ]pd-Øm-°nbXv kmØm-s‚bpw Ahs‚ cmPy-Øn-s‚bpw taep≈ Ahs‚ A[n-

Im-c-sØbpw i‡n-sbbpw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn.

4. Ah≥ acn-®-hsc Dbn¿∏n-®Xv imco-cnI Poh-s‚bpw ac-W-Øn-s‚bpw taep≈ Ahs‚ A[n-Im-

csØ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn.

5. Ahs‚ F√m A¤pX-ßfpw sshIm-cn-Ihpw ÿm\obhpw ùXn-I-hp-ambhbpsS ta-ep≈ Ahs‚

i‡n-sbbpw A[n-Im-c-sØbpw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn

a. {]IrXn

b. t]mjn-∏n-°-ep-Iƒ

c. kuJy-am-°-ep-Iƒ

d. \ncq-]Ww {Kln-®Xv

e. ao≥ ]nSpØw

257

{]tXyI ]T\hn-jbw: am\p-jnI `c-W-IqSwI. apJhpc

A. \n¿hN\w ˛ a\p-jys‚ t_m[y-amb Bhiyßƒ \n¿hln°p∂Xn\pw Dd∏phcpØp∂Xn\p

ambn a\pjyh¿§Øns‚ kzbw kwLSnX kwhn[m\sØbmWv `cWIqSw F∂p ]dbp∂Xv

(AXm. Dev]. 4,11). a\p-jy¿ kmaq-lnI Pohn-I-fmWv (hogvNbv°p apºpw, H.t\m. Dev]. 2:18).

IpSpw_ßfpw tKm{Xßfpw PmXnIfpw kaqlØnepƒs∏Sp∂p.

B. Dt±iyw ˛ AcmPIXzsØ°mƒ \√Xv {IaoIrXamb Ahÿ F∂XmWv ssZhlnXw.

1. tamsibpsS {]amWw, {]tXyIn®v ]Øv Iev]\, kaql]cambn a\pjy\p th≠nbp≈

ssZhØns‚ lnXamWv.

2. XncpshgpØn¬ `cWIqSØns‚ cq]w AYhm LS\ \njvI¿jn®nń√. ]pcmX\ bn{km

tbens‚ ssZhnI cWambncp∂p kz¿§w {]Xo£n® cq]w. P\m[n]Xytam apXemfnØ

`cWtam thZ]pkvXI]ca√. {InkvXym\nIƒ Xßƒ Dƒs∏ńcn°p∂ cmPyØv \nehn

ep≈ `cWkwhn[m\Øn\p hnt[bs∏´p {]h¿Øn°Ww. {InkvXym\nbpsS Dt±iyw

kphntijoIcWhpw ip{iqjbpamWv, hnπha√. kIe `cWIqSßfpw am‰Øn\p

hnt[bamWv.

C. am\pjnI `cWIqSØns‚ D¤hw

1. hogvNbv°p apºp Xs∂ am\pjnI `cWIqSØns‚ klP Bhiyw D≠mbncp∂Xmbn

tdma≥ ItØmen°m k` ]Tn∏n°p∂p. C°mcyw BZyw ]d™Xv AcntÃmńemWv.

""a\pjy≥ Hcp cmjv{Sob arKamWv'' F∂t±lw ]d™XneqsS `cWIqSw ""\√ PohnX

Øns‚ hnPbØn\v th≠n \ne\n¬°p∂p'' F∂mW¿∞am°nbXv.

2. hogvNtbmSpIqSn am\pjnI `cWIqSw P∑kn≤ambn F∂v s{]m´Ã‚nkw, {]tXyIm¬

am¿ń≥ eqY¿ {]kvXmhn®p. Ah\Xns\ ""ssZh cmPyØns‚ CSss¶'' F∂p hnfn®p.

""ZpjvS a\pjys\ \nb-{¥n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ssZhnI hgn \nb{¥Ww ZpjvS-a-\p-jys\

Gev]n°p F∂XmWv'' F∂t±lw ]d™p.

3. D∂XIpe PmXcmb Ipsdt∏¿ P\sØ \nb{¥n°p∂ am¿§amWv `cWIqSw F∂v

Imd¬ am¿Ivkv {]kvXmhn®p. At±lØns‚ Nn¥bn¬ `cWIqShpw aXhpw Htc

ImcyamWp sNøp∂Xv.

II. thZ]pkvXI hkvXpXIƒ

A. ]gb \nbaw

1. kz¿§Øn¬ \S∏nembncp∂Xns‚ amXrIbmbncp∂ `c-W-Øns‚ bn{kmtb¬. ]pcmX\

bn{kmtben¬ btlmh Bbncp∂p cmPmhv. ssZhØns‚ t\cn´p≈ `cWsØ hnhcn

°m\p]tbmKn°p∂ ]ZamWv ssZhnI `cWw (H.t\m. 1 iaq. 8:4˛9).

2. am\pjnI `cWIqSØnt∑ep≈ ssZhnI ]cam[nImcw Ahs‚ \nba\Øn¬

ImWphm≥ Ignbpw

a. kIe cmPm°∑mcpw, Zm\o. 2:21; 4:17, 24˛25

b. ainsslI `cWw, Zm\o. 2:44˛45

c. s\_qJZvt\k¿ (\ntbm˛_m_ntem¨), bnsc. 27:6; Zm\o. 5:28

d. tImciv II (]m¿kn), 2 Zn\. 36:22; F{km 1:1; sbi. 44:28; 45:1

3. AXn{Ian®v ssIhis∏SpØn `cWw \SØp∂ Kh¨sa‚pIsf t]mepw ssZhP\w

IogSßn _lpam\n°Ww

a. Zm\o. 1˛4, s\_qZvJt\k¿ (\ntbm˛_m_ntem¨)

b. Zm\o. 5, t_¬i ¿ (\ntbm˛_m_ntem¨)

c. Zm\o. 6, Zmcymthiv (]m¿kn)

d. F{km, s\slaymhv (]m¿kn)

4. aSßnh∂ sblqZm tImcins‚bpw Ahs‚ ]n≥KmanIfpsSbpw `cWØn\pth≠n

{]m¿∞n°Ww

a. F{km 6:10; 7:23

b. sblqZ≥ cmjv{Sob A[nImcnIƒ°pth≠n {]m¿∞n°Ww, anjv\m, Athm‰v 3:2

B. ]pXnb \nbaw

1. tbip am\pjnI `cWIqSsØ _lpam\n®p

a. aØm. 17:24˛27; Ah≥ Icw sImSpØp (aX]chpw cmjv{Sobhpamb A[nImcnIƒ

H∂pX-s∂bmbncn°Ww, H.t\m. 1 ]s{Xm. 2:17)

258

b. aØm. 22:15˛22; a¿s°m. 12:13˛17; eqs°m. 20:20˛26, tdma≥ \nIpXn°v ÿm\aps≠∂v

{]kvXmhn®XneqsS tdma≥ `cWIqSØn\pw ÿm\ap≈Xmbn AwKoIcn®p

c. tbml. 19:11, ssZhw cmjv{Sob A[nImcsØ A\phZn°p∂p

2. am\pjnI `cWIqStØmSp _‘s∏´ ]usemkns‚ hm°pIƒ

a. tdma. 13:1˛5, am\pjnI `cWIqSßƒ ssZhØm¬ ÿm]nXamIbm¬ hnizmknIƒ

Ahbv°p IogSßnbncnt°Ww

b. tdma. 13:6˛7, hnizmknIƒ \nIpXn sImSp°pIbpw `cWm[nImcnIsf _lpam\n°p

Ibpw thWw

c. 1 Xnsam. 2:1˛3, hnizmknIƒ `cWm[nImcnIƒ°pth≠n {]m¿∞n°Ww

d. XosØm. 3:1, hnizmknIƒ `cWm[nImcnIƒ°p IogSßnbncnt°Ww

3. am\pjnI `cWIqStØmSp _‘s∏´ ]s{Xmkns‚ hm°pIƒ

a. {]hr. 4:31; 5:29, ]s{Xmkpw tbml∂m\pw k≥l{Zow kwLØn\p apºn¬ (`cW

IqSsØ°mƒ ssZhsØ A\pkcn°p∂Xn\p≈ ap≥KW\ ChnsS ImWmw)

b. 1 ]s{Xm. 2:13˛17, kaql \∑bv°pw kphntijoIcWØn\pw th≠n hnizmknIƒ

cmjv{Sob `cWIqSØn\pw IogSßnbncn°Ww

4. am\pjnI `cWIqStØmSp _‘s∏´ tbml∂ms‚ hm°pIƒ

a. shfn. 17, thiybmb _m_ntem¨, ssZhsØ IqSmsX kwLSn∏n°s∏´p

{]h¿Øn°p∂ am\pjnI `cWIqSsØ {]Xn\n[oIcn°p∂p

b. shfn. 18, thiybmb _m_ntem¨ \in∏n°s∏´p

III. D]kwlmcw

A. am\pjnI `cWIqSw (hoWpt]mb temIØnse) ssZhØm¬ \nban°s∏´XmWv. CXv

""cmPm°∑mcpsS ssZhnIm[nImcw'' A√, adn®v `cWIqSØns‚ ssZhnI ZuXyamWv. Hcp

cq]hpw as‰m∂n\p aosXb√.

B. `cWIqSsØ A\pkcn°pIbpw {]m¿∞n°pIbpw sNøp∂Xv hnizmknIfpsS aX]camb

ISabmWv.

C. \nIpXn sImSpØpw icnbmbn _lpam\n®pw am\pjnI `cWIqSsØ ]n¥pWbv°pIbmWv

hnizmknIƒ sNtø≠Xv.

D. {Iakam[m\ ]me\Øn\pth≠nbp≈XmWv am\pjnI `cWIqSw. Cu ZuXyØn\mbp≈

ssZhnI tkhIcmWh¿.

E. am\pjnI cWIqSw ]ctam∂Xa√. A[nImcØn¬ AXn\p ]cnanXnbp≠v. am\pjnI cWw

AXns‚ ssZh\nbp‡amb AXncpIƒ ewLn°ptºmƒ Ahsc \nckn°p∂ ImcyØn¬

hnizmknIƒ a\ m£n°\pkcn®p {]h¿Øn°Ww. kn‰n Hm^v tKmUv F∂ IrXnbn¬

AKÃn≥ ]d™ncn°p∂Xv \mw c≠p afießfnse ]uc∑mcmsW∂mWv, H∂v Xm¬°m

enIhpw as‰m∂p \nXyhpw (H.t\m. ^nen. 3:20). c≠nepw \ap°v DØchmZnXzaps≠¶nepw

ssZhØns‚ cmPyamWv BXy¥nIw. ssZhtØmSp≈ \ΩpsS DØchmZnXzØn¬ hy‡n

]chpw kaql]chpamb {i≤bq∂¬ BhiyamWv.

F. P\m[n]Xy kwhn[m\Øn¬ `cWIqSØn¬ ]¶mfnbmIphm\pw km[yamb kμ¿`ßfn¬

ssZhhN\Øns‚ D]tZißƒ \S∏nem°phm\pw \mw hnizmknIsf t{]m’mln∏n°Ww.

G. hy‡nIfpsS am\km¥cw kmaqlnI am‰Øn\p ImcWamIpw. `cWIqSØn¬ bYm¿∞hpw

\ne\n¬°p∂Xpamb A¥yIme {]Xo£Ifn√. kIe am\pjnI `cWIqSßfpw

ssZhlnX{]Imcap≈Xpw ssZhØm¬ D]tbmKn°s∏Sp∂hbpw BsW¶nepw, ssZhØn¬

\n∂I∂p≈ am\pjnI kwLS\IfpsS ]m]Icamb shfns∏SpØepIƒ am{XamWh. Cu

Bibw ""temIw'' F∂ tbml∂ms‚ D]tbmKØn¬ {]ISam°nbncn°p∂p (AXm. 1 tbml.

2:15˛17).

NASB ""\ne-\n¬°p-∂tbm ssZh-Øm¬ ÿm]n-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p''

NJKV ""\ne-\n¬°p-∂h ssZh-Øm¬ \nb-an-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂p''

NRSV ""AXv ssZh-Øm¬ ÿm]n°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-h-bmWv''

TEV ""ssZh-Øm¬ hbv°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂h''

NJB ""ssZh-Øm¬ \n-b-an-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂h''

CXv Hcp _mly-amb ]q¿Æ-Ime I¿ΩWn A]q¿Æ-{Inb BWv. F√m am\p-jnI A[n-Im-c-ßƒ°pw

]n∂n¬ ssZh-ap-s≠-∂mWv Cu hymI-c-W-cq]w {]Jym-]n-°p-∂Xv (tbm-l. 19:11; Zm\o. 2:21; 4:17). CXv ]cm-

259

a¿in-°p-∂-Xv "cmPm-°-∑m-cpsS ssZhnI Ah-Imi' sØ°p-dn-®-√, ]ns∂tbm {Ia-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ ssZh-

Øns‚ CjvS-sØbmWv. CXv {]Jym-]n-°p-∂Xv Hcp {]tXyI hn[w `c-W-Iq-S-sØ-b-√. ]ns∂tbm `c-W-

Iq-SsØ Xs∂-bm-Wv. Bi-b-°p-g-∏-sØ-°mƒ \√Xv cmjv{Sob {Ia-amWv (hm. 6).

13:2 ""A[n-Im-c-tØmSp adp-°p-∂-h≥'' CXv Hcp h¿Ø-am\-Ime a[y A]q¿Æ-{Inb BWv. ÿm]n-°-s∏-

ń-cn-°p∂ Hcp {Ia-Øn-s\-Xn-cm-bp≈ Hcp hy‡n-]-chpw kzm`m-hn-I-hp-amb FXn¿∏m-Wv CXv kqNn-∏n-°p-

∂Xv. CXv B£-cn-I-am-bn ""Hcp-Ø≥ Xs∂-Øs∂ FXn-cmbn \n¿ØpI'' F∂-XmWv (A-s∏m. {]hr. 18:6;

bmt°m. 5:6). a¿s°m. 12:17 ¬ `c-W-Iq-S-Øn-s‚bpw k`bp-sSbpw Xe-ßsf tbip hy‡-ambn ÿm]n-°p-

∂p. As∏m. {]hr. 5:25˛32 A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ Ah-cpsS ]cn-[n-Iƒ adn-I-S-°p-tºmƒ F¥p -kw-`-hn-°p-∂p-sh∂v

\mw ImWp-∂p.

""adp-°p-∂-h≥... adp-°p∂p'' CXv Hcp ]q¿ÆIme I¿Øcn kqNIhpw Hcp ]q¿ÆIme I¿Øcn

A]q¿Æ-{In-bbpw BWv. {Iao-Ir-Xhpw ÿm]n-X-hp-amb Hcp FXn¿∏n-s\-°p-dn-®mWv CXv kwkm-cn-°p-∂-

Xv. Cu hoWp-t]mb temI-Øn¬ ssZhw {Iaw Hcp°nbn-cn-°p∂p (hm. 4,6). cmjv{Sob A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ Ah-

cpsS ssZh-Øm¬ \¬I-s∏´ ]cn-[n-Isf adn-I-S-°p-∂n-s√-¶n¬ FXn¿°p-∂-h≥ ssZh-tØm-SmWv FXn¿°p-

∂-Xv. bYm¿∞ Bflob hnjbw A[n-Im-cn-tbm-Sp≈ Iog-S-ßn-bn-cn-°-em-Wv. hoWp-t]mb a\p-jy-h¿§w

GIm-[n-]Xyw B{K-ln-°p-∂p.

""adp-°p-∂-htcm in£m-hn[n {]m]n°pw'' in£m-hn-[nsb KJV X¿÷a sNøp-∂Xv ""\nXy-\miw''

F∂m-Wv. X¬^-e-ambn F.Un. 1611 apX¬ Cw•o-jn¬ CXns‚ A¿∞-Øn\v Xo{hX h¿≤n-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

NJKV CXns\ \ymb-hn[n F∂v X¿÷a sNøp-∂p. Cu ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ CXv (1) ssZh-Øns‚ \ymb-hn-

[nsb AYhm (2) \nb-a-]-c-amb in£-WsØ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°Ww (hm. 4). A[n-Im-cn-Iƒs°-Xn-

sc-bp≈ Xß-fpsS at\m-`m-h-ßfpw {]hr-Øn-Ifpw \nanØw Cu P\w Xß-fp-ta¬ Xs∂ \ymb-hn[n

hcpØn hbv°p-∂p.

13:3 1 ]s{Xm. 2:14 se kam-¥c hni-Zo-I-cWw ImWp-I.

""hmgp-∂-h¿'' 8:38 se {]tXyI ]T\ hnjbw: B¿°n (archarcharcharcharch) ImWpI.

""A[n-Imcw'' 13:1 se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw ImWpI.

13:4 ""\ns‚ \∑-bv°m-bn-´t√m Ah≥ ssZh-ip-{iq-j-I-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv'' Xn∑ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-h¿s°Xn-

cmbn `cWm[n-Im-cn-Iƒ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p. AtXkabw hnizmkn Xs‚ hy‡n-]-c-amb {]Xn-Im-c-Øn¬

\n∂pw \nb-{¥n-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂p (H.-t\m. 12:17˛19). am¿ń≥ eqY¿ C{]-Imcw {]kvXmhn®p, ""ZpjvS-a-\p-jysc

\nb-{¥n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ssZhnI ]≤Xn ZpjvS a\p-jysc \nb-{¥-Wtaev]n-°pI F∂-XmWv.''

""sNbvXmtem'' ""CXv kw`hy `mhn-Ime {]hrØnsb A¿∞-am-°p∂ Hcp aq∂mwXc tkm]m-[nI hmN-

I-am-Wv.

NASB ""shdp-sX-b√ AXp hmƒ hln-°p-∂Xv''

NKJV ""shdp-sX-b√ Ah≥ hmƒ hln-°p-∂Xv''

NRSV ""shdp-sX-b√ A[n-Imcn hmƒ hln-°p-∂Xv''

TEV ""in£n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Ah-cpsS A[n-Imcw bYm¿∞-amWv''

NJB ""shdpsX-b√ Ah-cpsS A[n-Im-c-Øns‚ AS-bmfw hmfm-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv''

h[-in-£-bv°mbn D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp∂ tdma-bnse sNdnb hmfn-s\-bmWv ""hmƒ'' (a-Jm-bnd) F∂ ]Zw

kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv ({]hr. 12:2; tdma. 8:35). Cu thZ-`m-Khpw {]hr. 25:11 Dw h[-in-£-bv°p≈ ]pXnb \nba

ASn-ÿm-\-ßƒ \¬Ip-∂p. AtXkabw Dev]. 9:6 ]gb \nba ho£-WsØ hy‡-ambn ÿm]n-°p-∂p.

Ipg-∏-ap-≠m-°p-∂-Xns\ `bw ê-{]-Z-ambn XS-bp-∂p.

""{]Xn-Im-cn-bmb ssZh-ip-{iq-j-°m-c≥ Xs∂'' {]Xn-Imcn (F-IvUn-tIm-kv) F∂ ]Zw ]gb \nb-a-

Ø-n¬ \nc-h[n XhW D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≠v. tehy. 19:18s‚ H∂mw `mK-Øn¬ t]mepw CXv D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-

∂p. ]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ Hcp hy‡n as‰m-cp-hs\ bmZr-›n-I-ambn sIm∂m¬ Ahs‚ IpSpw-_-Øn\v ""IÆn\v

]Icw IÆv'' F∂ hn[-Øn-ep≈ {]Xn-Imcw \S-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Ah-Imiw D≠m-bn-cp∂p (c-‡-{]-Xn-Im-cn).

]g-b-\n-ba BNm-csØ ]usemkv cmjv{Sob `c-W-Iq-S-tØmSv _‘-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xmbn ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p.

1 sX . 4:6 ¬ ssZhsØ {]Xn-Im-c-I≥ F∂v ]-d-™n-cn-°p-∂p. CXv tdma. 12:9 s‚ XpS¿®-bm-Wv. Ch

c≠pw Bh. 32:35 s\bmWv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv (H.-t\m. F-{_m. 10:30).

13:5 ""Iog-S-ßpI Bhiyw'' {]kvXmhn°-s∏-ń-´p≈ c≠v Imc-W-ßƒ: (1) ssZh-Øn-s‚tbm `c-Wm-[n-Im-

cn-I-fp-sStbm in£-bn¬ \n∂pw c£-s]-Sp-hm\pw (2) hnizm-kn-I-fpsS a\- m-£n-bn¬ \n∂pw c£-s]-Sp-hm-

\pw.

260

""a\-km-£nsbbpw hnNm-cn®p'' kzbt_m[-sØbpw t{]c-WI-sfbpw Ipdn-°p∂ ""amdv'' F∂¿∞ap≈

F{_mb ]Zw HgnsI ]g-b-\n-b-aØn¬ ""a\- m£n'' F∂ {Ko°p-]-Z-Øn\v Hcp kam-\-]-Z-an-√. bYm¿∞-

Øn¬ {Ko°v ]Zw kqNn-∏n-°p∂Xv ]t©-{μn-b-ß-tfmSp _‘-s∏´ t_m[y-ßfmWv. CXv A¥¿t_m-[sØ

kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-]-tbm-Kn®p (tdm-a. 2:15). Xs‚ {]Xn-hm-Zß-fn¬ c≠p XhW ]usemkv Cu ]Zw D]-

tbm-Kn-°p∂p ({]hr. 23:1; 24:16). Xm≥ Adn-™p-sIm≠v ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ Hcp aX-]-c-amb IS-a-Ifpw \ntj-

[n-®n-ń√ F∂ Xs‚ Ah-t_m-[-sØ-bmWv CXp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv (2 sImcn. 4:4).

Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ Imcy-ß-fn¬ ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-bp≈ hnizm-kn-I-fpsS e£y-ß-fp-sSbpw {]h¿Øn-I-

fp-sSbpw ]ptcm-K-an-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ {Kln-∏n-°-emWv a\- m-£n.

1. thZ-]p-kvX-Im-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈ Hcp temI-ho-£-Ww.

2. D≈n¬ hkn-°p∂ Bflmhv

3. ssZh-h-N-\-Øn¬ ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂ Pohn-X-ssi-en-sb-°p-dn-®p-≈- H-c-dn-hv. CXv km[y-am-°n-

bXv kphn-ti-j-Øns‚ hy‡n-]-c-ambn kzoI-c-W-Øn-eq-sS-bm-Wv.

13:6 ""AXp-sIm≠v \nßƒ \nIp-Xnbpw sImSp-°p∂p'' CXv Hcp h¿Øam\Ime I¿Øcn hn[n-cq-]-ambn

tXm∂p-sa-¶nepw CXv Hcp h¿Øam\Ime I¿Øcn kqNIamWv (cf. JB). cmjv{Sob A[n-Im-cn-I-tfm-Sp≈

{InkvXob DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-Øns‚ Hcp DZm-l-c-W-am-Wn-Xv. F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬ `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ ssZ-h-

Øns‚ Zmk-∑m-cmWv (hm. 1˛2).

13:7

NASB ""F√m-h¿°pw IS-am-b-Xp -sIm-Sp-∏n≥. \nIp-Xn-.., Np¶w..., `bw..., am\w...''

NKJV ""F√m-h¿°pw Ah¿°p IS-s∏´Xv sImSp-∏n≥; \nIp-Xn-Iƒ, Np¶-ßƒ, `bw, am\w''

NRSV ""F√m-h¿°pw IS-s∏´Xv sImSp-∏n≥; \nIp-Xn-Iƒ, Np¶-ßƒ, _lp-am-\w, am\w''

TEV ""\nßƒ Ah¿°p ISs∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-Xp -sIm-Sp-∏n≥. Ah¿°v \nß-fpsS hy‡n-]-chpw kzØn-

t‚-Xp-amb \nIpXn sImSp-∏n≥; am{X-a√ Ah-tcm-sS√mw BZ-chpw _lp-am-\hpw ImWn-∏n≥''

NJB ""`c-W-Iq-S-Øns‚ Hmtcm DtZym-K-ÿ\pw Ah\v tNmZn-∏m≥ Ah-Im-i-ap-≈Xv sImSp-∏n≥ ˛

t\cn-´p-≈ \nIpXnbmbmepw ]tcm-£-amb `bhpw _lp-am-\-hp-am-bm-epw''

CXv hn`n-∂-amb c≠v hn`m-K-Øn-ep≈ A[n-Im-cn-Isf kqNn-∏n-®n-cp-∂-Xmbncn°mw (RSV). F∂m¬

A¿∞-am-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ cmjv{Sob A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ°v \nIp-Xnbpw _lp-am-\hpw sImSp-

°-W-sa-∂p-≈-Xm-Wv. ImcWw ssZh-Øns‚ ip{iq-j-I-∑m-cm-bmWv Ah¿ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv (hm. 1,4 [2{]mhiyw], 6; aØm. 22:15˛22).

""\nIpXn,'' ""Np¶w'' F∂o ]Z-ßƒ ChnsS kam-\m¿∞ ]Z-ß-fmbn D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂p (TEVhyXymkw ImWn-°p-∂p-s≠-¶n-epw). ]tZm-Xv]Øn kw_-‘n®v hni-Iew sNbvXm¬ (aqe ]Zm¿∞w, H∂m-

a-tØXv kqNn-∏n-°p∂Xv Iog-S-°-s∏´ cmPyw \¬tI≠ \nIp-Xnbpw (eq-s°m. 20:22) c≠m-a-tØXv hy‡n-

]-c-amb \nIp-Xn-bp-amWv (a-Øm. 17:25; 22:17,19).

tdma¿ 13:8˛14 s‚ ]›m-Øe Dƒ°m-gvN-IƒA. hm. 1˛7 s‚ cN\m ]›m-Øew AXn¬Øs∂ Dƒs°m≠ncn-°p∂Xmbn a\- n-em°mw. F∂n-cp-∂mepw

hm. 7 se ""IS-s∏-ń-cn-°pI'' F∂Xv hm. 8 ¬ \n∂pw hyXy-kvX-amb Bi-b-Øn¬ XpS¿∂n-cn-°p-∂-

Xmbn ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v cmjv{S-tØmSv Hcp IS-∏mSv D≠v. AXp-t]mse Xs∂ a‰v a\p-jy-

tcmSpw Hcp IS-∏m-Sp-≠v.

B. hm. 11˛14 t]mse-Xs∂ hm. 8˛10 `mKhpw Hcp GIoIrX Nn¥-bm-Wv. Ah A[ym. 12 se a‰p-≈-hsc

kvt\ln-°p∂Xn\p≈ {InkvXob DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-sØ°p-dn-®p≈ N¿® XpS-cp-I-bm-Wv.

C. ]pXnb\nba hnizm-kn-Iƒ°p≈ Hcp km∑m¿§nI hgn-Im-ń-bmbn ]g-b-\nba Iev]\ (sU-°-tem-Kv)

bpsS ]usem-kns‚ D]-tbmKw ssZhn-I-amb PohnXØnep≈ (hn-ip-≤o-I-c-Ww) ˛ c£-b√ (\o-Xo-I-c-

Ww, Kem. 3) ˛ ]g-b-\n-b-a-Øns‚ XpS-cp∂ {]m[m-\ysØ ImWn-°p-∂p. Xs‚ am¿§-\n¿t±-i tcJ-Iƒ

\n¿Ωn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn ]usemkv \nc-h[n Dd-hn-S-ßsf kwtbm-Pn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn ImWmw.

1. tbip-hns‚ hN-\-ßƒ

2. Bflm-hns‚ am¿§-\n¿t±iw

3. ]g-b-\n-baw

4. Xs‚ sblq-Z-aX d∫n-am-cpsS ]cn-io-e\w

5. {Ko°v Nn¥-I-∑m-sc-°p-dn-®p≈ Xs‚ Adnhv ({]-tXy-In®v tÃmbn-°p-Iƒ).

CXv ""kvt\l-Øns‚ \nba'Øns‚ ˛ ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ kvt\lw, a\p-jy-h¿§-tØm-Sp≈ kvt\lw, ssZh-

-tØm-Sp≈ tkh\w, a\p-jy-h¿§-tØm-Sp≈ tkh-\w ˛ khn-ti-j-X-bm-Wv.

D. 11-˛14 hmIy-ßƒ°v Hcp A¥y-Ime hn⁄m-\]c-amb A`n-hn-\ym-k-ap-≠v. Ccp-ń-s‚bpw shfn-®-Øn-

261

s‚bpw hn]-co-XXzw Nmhp-I-S¬ Npcp-fp-Iƒ Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ sblqZ kmln-Xy-Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X-bm-

bn-cp-∂p. tbml-∂m-s‚bpw ]usem-kn-s‚bpw Fgp-Øp-I-fnepw CXv km[m-c-W-am-Wv. {InkvXob Pohn-

X-Ønse ""h∂p-I-gn™p'' ""Bbn-ń√'' F∂ kΩ¿±w ssZhn-I-amb Pohn-XsØ Xzcn-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xm-

Wv. ""]pXnb bpKw'' (ssZ-h-cm-Pyw) Bcw-`n-®n-cn-°p-∂p, AXv hfsc thKw ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏-Spw. Cu

thZ-`mKw 1 sX . 5:1-1 \p kam-\-am-Wv.

E. 13-˛14 hmIy-ßƒ F.-Un. 386 se th\¬°m-eØv AK-Ãn-s‚- Pohn-XsØ am‰n adn-°p∂ kzm[o-\-ap-fhm-

°m≥ Ign™p. At±-l-Øns‚ I¨^j≥kv 8:29 ¬ At±lw ]d-bp-∂p, ""F\n°v aptºm´p hmbn-°p-

hm≥ Ignbpam-bn-cp-∂n-√, F\n°Xns‚ Bhiyw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n√. Cu hmN-I-Øns‚ Ah-km\w FØn-

b-t∏mƒ X¬£Ww Fs‚ lrZ-b-Øn¬ Hcp shfn®w IpXn-s®ØpIbpw kwi-b-Øns‚ F√m Ccpfpw

am™p-t]m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp.''

]Z, ssieo ]T\w

tdma¿ 13:8˛108At\ym\yw kvt\ln°p∂Xp A√msX BtcmSpw H∂pw ISsºńcn°cpXp; A\ys\ kvt\ln-

°p-∂h≥ \ymb{]amWw \nh¿Øn®ncn°p∂pht√m. 9hy`nNmcw sNøcpXp, sIme sNøcpXp,

tam„n°cpXp, tamln°cpXp F∂p≈Xpw a‰p GXp Iev]\bpw Iq´pImcs\ \ns∂t∏mse

kvt\ln° F∂o hN\Øn¬ kwt£]n®ncn°p∂p. 10kvt\lw Iq´pImc∂p tZmjw {]h¿Øn°p-

∂n√; BIbm¬ kvt\lw \ymb{]amWØns‚ \nhrØn Xt∂.

13:8 ""At\ym\yw kvt\ln-°p-∂Xp A√msX'' 8˛10 hmIy-ß-fpsS Xmt°m¬ Nn¥-bm-WnXv (tbm-l. 13:34;

15:12; tdma. 12:10; 1 sImcn. 13; ^nen. 2:3˛4; 1 sX . 4:9; F{_m. 13:1; 2 ]s{Xm. 1:7; 1 tbml. 3:11; 4:7, 11˛12).

""H∂pw IS-sº-ń-cn-°-cpXv'' CXv \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Hcp {]hrØn \n¿ØpI F∂v A¿∞w hcp∂

Hcp \ntj-[m-flI LS-I-tØmsSm∏-ap≈ Hcp h¿Ø-am-\-Ime I¿Øcn hn[n-cq-]amWv. Cu Du∂n-∏-d-b¬

ssien°v c≠v s\K-‰o-hp-Iƒ D≠v. CXv \nIpXn k{º-Zmb hnj-b-ß-tfmSv _‘-s∏-ń-cn-°mw (hm. 6˛7).

kmº-ØnI _m[yX Ft∏mgpw Hcp sshIm-cn-Ihpw {]_-e-hp-amb BflobNypXn-bm-Wv. euIn-I-Xsb

kq£n-°p-I. CXv hnizm-kn-I-fpsS {InkvXob km[y-X-I-sfbpw hy‡n-]-c-amb Zo\-Z-bm-ep-Xz-sØbpw

ssIØm-ßp-∂-Xn-\p≈ {]m]vXnsb Ih¿s∂-Sp-°p-∂p. F∂n-cp-∂mepw ""ISw ]d-b-cpXv'' F∂p iTn-°p-

∂Xn-\p≈ sXfn-hmb Hcp hN-\-`m-K-ambn Cu hmIysØ D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√. thZ-]p-kvX-IsØ

AXns‚ Ime-Øns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬ Xs∂ hymJym-\n-°-Ww. CXv Ata-cn-°-bn¬ cmhnse In´p∂ Hcp

h¿Ø-am-\-∏-{X-a-√. hm. 8˛10 Du∂n-∏-d-bp-∂Xv (1) DS-º-Sn-bpsS ktlm-Z-c-∑m-sc∂ \ne-bnepw (a-Øm. 22:39˛40;

tbml. 13:34˛35) (2) Iq´p-k-tlm-Z-c-∑m-sc∂ \ne-bnepw At\ym-\y-ap≈ kvt\l-Øns‚ ap≥K-W-\-bmWv

(a-Øm. 5:42; Kem. 6:10).

NIDNTT, hmeyw 1, t]Pv 668 s‚ ho£-W-{]-Imcw ""ISs∏ń-cn°pI'' F∂ {Inbbv°v c≠v Bi-b-ß-

fp-≠v.

1. kphn-ti-j-ß-fn¬ ISsØ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\mWv CXv D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

2. ]usem-kns‚ teJ-\-ß-fn¬ DØ-c-hm-Zn-XzsØ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\mWv CXv D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

Cu thZ-`m-K-Øn¬ ]usemkv Cu e£ym¿∞-ßsf ka-\z-bn-∏n-°p-∂-Xmbn ImW-p-∂p.

""A\ys\ kvt\ln-°p-∂-h≥'' Cu {Inb Hcp h¿Øam\Ime I¿Øcn A]q¿Æ-{Inb BWv. H‰-s∏-

´tXm Imem-\p-kr-Xtam Bb kvt\l-sØ-°p-dn-®√ CXv ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂-Xv. ]ns∂tbm {InkvXp-hn-s\-t∏m-

se-bp≈ kvt\l-Øns‚ Hcp Pohn-X-ssi-en-bm-Wv.

A£-co-I-ambn ""A\y≥'' F∂ ]Zw ""hyXy-kvX-amb Hcn-\-Øns‚ as‰m-∂v'' F∂¿∞-ap≈ ]Z-amWv

(sls‰tdmkv-˛e.teroje.teroje.teroje.teroje.teroj). F∂n-cp-∂m-epw- sImbvt\ {Ko°n¬ sls‰tdmkv \pw At√mkv \pw (AtX C\-

Ønep≈ as‰m-∂v) henb hyXymkw ImWp-∂n-√. Cu ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ CXv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv Hcp-hs‚

hnizm-kn-tbm A√m-ØtXm Bb Ab¬°m-cs\ Xs∂-bmWv (eq-s°m. 12:14˛21; 10:25˛37). F∂n-cp-∂mepw

Cu ]›m-Ø-e-Ønse tehy. 19:18 ¬ \n∂p-ap≈ D≤m-cWn kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv DS-º-Sn-bpsS as‰mcp ]¶m-fn-

sb-bmWv (Hcp kl bn{km-tb-ey≥). {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ a‰p {InkvXym-\n-Isf ktlm-Z-c-∑m-sc-t∏m-sebpw

\jvS-s∏-´-hsc kl-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ BIm≥ km[y-X-bp-≈-hsc-t∏m-sebpw kvt\ln-t°-≠-XmWv (K-em. 6:10).

{InkvXym-\nXzw Hcp IpSpw-_-am-Wv. Hmtcm AwKhpw F√m-h-cp-sSbpw Btcm-Ky-Øn\pw hf¿®-bv°p-ambn

Pohn-°p-Ibpw {]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p (1 sImcn. 12:7).

262

NASB, NKJV, NRSV ""\ymb-{]-amWw \nh¿Øn-®n-cn-°p∂p''

TEV ""\ymb-{]-amWw A\p-k-cn-®n-cn-°p∂p''

NJB ""\ns‚ _m[y-X-Isf \ndth-‰nbncn-°p∂p''

Cu km[m-c-W-amb {Ko°v {Inbsb (πotdmHm˛plhrowplhrowplhrowplhrowplhrow) \nc-h[n hn[-Øn¬ ]cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Ømw. Hcp

]q¿Æ I¿Øcn kqNIamb CXns\ ""CXv ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. XpS¿∂pw ]q¿Øo-

I-cn-°-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn°pw'' F∂v ]cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Ømw. tdm_¿´v l∂m, F {K-am-‰n-°¬ FbvUv Sp Zn {Ko°v

\yqsSÃ-sa‚ v F∂ {KŸØn¬ F.- ‰n. tdm_n≥ks\ D≤-cn-°bpw AXns\ ""Hcp kw£n]vX ]q¿ÆX''

(kzo-I¿Øm-°ƒ°v \∂mbn Adn-bm-hp∂ Hcp kXysØ ]cm-a¿in-®p-sIm-≠v) F∂p hnfn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-

cn-°p∂p (t]Pv 28). hm. 10 ¬ CXv Bh¿Øn-®n-cn-°p∂p (K-em. 5:14; 6:2).

13:9 ]pXnb hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v DtØ-P\w \¬Ip∂Xn\mbn tamsi-bpsS \ymb{]-amWw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv

]usem-kns\ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Akm-[m-c-W-amb Imcy-a√ (]p-d. 20:13˛17 AYhm Bh. 5:17˛21; tehy.

19:8). Fs^. 6:2˛23 ¬ ]usemkv ]Øp- I-ev]-\-I-fn-sem∂v {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS DtØ-P-\-Øn-\mbn D]-tbm-

Kn®p (1 Xnsam. 1:9˛10). Cu ]g-b-\n-ba thZ`mKw c£-bv°p≈ apJm-¥-c-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. F∂m¬ At∏mgpw

CXv Fßs\ a\p-jy¿ ssZh-sØbpw ]c-kv]-chpw IW-°m-°-W-sa-∂-Xn-s\-∏-‰n-bp≈ shfn-s∏´ ssZh-

Øns‚ CjvS-am-bn-cp∂p (tdm-a. 5:4; 1 sImcn. 10:6:11).

]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ \n∂pw D≤-cn-°p-∂Xv tdmam k`-bnse sblqZ hnizm-kn-I-sfbpw PmXo-b-cmb hnizm-

kn-I-sfbpw XΩn¬ _‘n-∏n-°p∂Xn\p≈ ]usem-kns‚ coXn-bmbncn°mw. ""\nh¿Øn-®n-cn-°p∂p'' F∂

Cu {]tbm-Khpw aØm. 5:17 se tbip-hns‚ \ymb-{]-am-W-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ N¿®-tbmSv _‘-s∏-´ncn-°p-∂p.

CXv {]tXy-In®v tamsi-bpsS \ymb-{]-am-W-sØ-b√ ]ns∂tbm \nb-asØ s]mXpth ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂-

XmImw (JB). F∂n-cp-∂mepw hm. 9¬ ]usemkv ]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ \n∂pw D≤-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂Xv tamsi-

bpsS \ymb-{]-am-WsØ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. am\p-jnI \nb-a-]m-e-\-Øn-\√ ]ns∂tbm kvt\l-Øn\p am{X-

amWv \ymb{]-am-WsØ \nh¿Øn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xv. {]tXyI ]T\ hnj-b-ßƒ Xmsg- Im-Wp-I.

c≠v {]tXyI coXn-I-fn¬ tehy. 19:18 D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

1. tjamtbmSv (H.-t\m. Bh. 6:4˛6) H∂n®p tN¿ØmWv ap-gp-h≥ \ymb-{]-am-W-Øn-s‚bpw kw£n-]vX-

ambn tbip CXns\ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv (a-Øm. 22:37˛40; a¿s°m. 12:29˛31; eqs°m. 10:27).

2. ]usem-kns\ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw CXv aØm. 7:12 sebpw eqs°m. 6:31 sebpw tbip-hns‚ \nK-a-

\-Øn\p A\p-km-c-ambn ]Øp-I-ev]-\-I-fpsS c≠m-asØ ]Ip-Xn-bmWv (A-Xm-bXv DS-º-Sn-bpsS ]¶m-

fn-I-fp-am-bp≈ Hcp-hs‚ _‘w, H.-t\m. Kem. 5:14)

{]tXyI ]T\hnjbw: tamsibpsS \ymb{]amWw

kw_-‘n®v ]usemkns‚ ImgvN∏mSv

CXv \√Xpw ssZhØn¬ \n∂p≈XpamWv (H. t\m. tdma. 7:12,16)

A. CXv \oXnbnte°pw ssZhnI AwKoImcØnte-°p-ap≈ hgn-b√ (CXv Hcp im]w t]mepw BbnØo

cmw, H. t\m. Kem. 3).

B. CXv ssZhØns‚ kzbw shfns∏SpØemIbm¬ CXv Ct∏mgpw hnizmknIsf°p-dn-®p≈ ssZh

Øns‚ lnXamWv (hnizmknIƒ°v ]m]-t_m[w hcp-Øp-∂-Xn\pw t{]m’mln∏n°p∂Xn\pambn

an°t∏mgpw ]usemkv ].\n. D≤cn°mdp≠v).

C. ]gb\nbaØm¬ hnizmknIƒ°v Adnhv e`n°p∂p (H. t\m. tdma. 4:23˛24; 15:4; 1 sImcn. 10:6˛11)

F¶nepw ]g-b-\n-b-a-Øm¬ c£ {]m]n°p∂n√ (H. t\m. {]hrØnIƒ 15; tdma¿ 4; KemXy¿ 3;

F{_mb¿)

D. ]pXnb DSºSbn¬ CXv {]h¿Øn°p∂p:

1. ]m]abXzsØ ImWn°p∂Xn\v (H. t\m. Kem. 3:15˛29)

2. hos≠-Sp°s∏´ a\pjy\p kaqlØn¬ hgn-Im-´p-hm≥

3. [m¿ΩnI Xocpam\ßsf∏‰n hnizm-knsb Adnbn°phm≥

im]Øn¬ \n∂pw ac-WØn¬ \n∂pw A\p{KlØnte°pw ÿncXbnte°pw IS-°p-∂Xp kw_-

‘n®v Cu ssZhimkv{X]camb {]ImiNn{XamWv tamsibpsS \ymb{]amWsØ∏‰nbp≈ ]usem

kns‚ ho£Ww a\ nem°p∂Xn\p≈ {iaØn¬ {]iv\Øn\p ImcWamIp∂Xv. {InkvXphnep≈

Hcp a\pjy≥ F∂ {KŸØn¬ sPbnwkv Ãphm¿´v ]usemkns‚ ]c-kv]c hncp≤amb Nn¥bpw

FgpØpw Nq≠n-°mWn°p∂p:

""Hcp Nn¥mkc-Wnbpw D]-tZ-ihpw sI´n∏Sp°m≥ Xs∂Øm≥ Hcp°p∂ Hcp hy‡nsb∏‰n \nßƒ

263

km[mcWamb {]Xo£n°p∂Xv Xm≥ D]tbmKn°p∂ ]Z{]tbmKßfpsS A¿∞ßƒ Ignbp∂nS

tØmfw ÿncs∏SpØpI F∂XmWv. Xs‚ {][m\ BibßfpsS hmNIssienbpsS IrXyXbn¬

Xm≥ e£yw hbv°Wsa∂v \nßƒ {]Xo£n°pw. Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥ Hcp {]tXyI A¿∞Øn¬ Hcn-

°¬ D]tbmKn® Hcp hm°v B {KŸØnepS\ofw B A¿∞w Xs∂ hln°Wsa∂v \nßƒ Bhiy

s∏Spw. F∂m¬ ]usemkn¬ \n∂pw CXv {]Xo£n°p∂h¿ \ncmis∏Spw. Xs‚ hmNIssien an°

hmdpw Ab™Xpw ZrVXbn√mØXpamWv ... ""Iev]\ hnip≤amWv'' Xm≥ FgpXp∂p, ""D≈wsIm≠p

Rm≥ ssZhØns‚ \ymb{]amWØn¬ ckn°p∂p'' (H. t\m. tdma. 7:12, 22). F∂m¬ CXv hy‡ambpw

""{InkvXp \sΩ \ymb{]amWØns‚ im]Øn¬ \n∂pw hnse°p hmßn'' F∂v as‰mcnSØv

Xs∂s°m≠p ]dbn∏n°p∂ t\mtamkv s‚ as‰mcp hiamWv (H. t\m. Kem. 3:13)'' (t]Pv 26).

{]tXyI ]T\hnjbw: ]pd∏mSv 20 s‚ Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ]pd. 20:13, sIme]mXIn

I. ]›m-Øew

A. kmaq-ln-I-amb Hcp kz`m-h-tØm-Sp-IqSnb Iev]\-Iƒ t]mepw hmkvX-h-Øn¬ aX-hn-izm-k-]-c-

ambXmsW∂v Hm¿t°-≠-Xv A-\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. krjvSn-bn-t∑epw hos≠-Sp∏nt∑-ep≈ ssZh-Øns‚

]c-am-[n-Imcw Cu Iev]-\-I-fn¬ \ng-en-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p. sIme sNø-cpXv F∂p≈ Iev]\

icn-bmb e£y-Øn¬, Hmtcm a\p-jy-cn-ep-ap≈ ssZh-Øns‚ kzcq-]sØ°pdn®pw a\p-jy-Po-h-

s\-∏-‰n-bp≈ ssZh-Øns‚ ]cn-K-W-\sb-∏-‰n-bpap≈ Hcp hm°m-Wv.

B. Hmtcm Iev]-\bpw hnizmk kaqlsØ {]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p-∂p-sh∂v Hm¿t°-≠-Xm-Wv. \nb-a-hn-cp-

≤-ambn Poh-s\-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-t∑-ep≈ \ntcm-[\w {]mcw-`-ambn e£y-am-°n-bXv hnizm-k-k-aq-l-

sØ-bm-Wv.

II. {][m\ ]ZßfpsS -]-T\w

A. ""sIme''

1. Poh-s\-Sp-°p-∂-Xns\ kqNn-∏n-°p∂ hnc-f-amb Hcp ]Z-{]-tbm-K-am-WnXv (dmkmlv). CXv ]g-

b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ 46 XhW D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. hf-sc-tbsd km[m-c-W-amb a‰v c≠v ]Z-{]-

tbm-K-ß-fp-≠v.

a. lmcmKv, 165 {]mhiyw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

b. slan‰v, 201 {]mhiyw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

2. Cu ]ZØn\v (dmkmlv) ]cn-an-X-amb Hcp aqe A¿∞hpw Hcp hnim-e-amb A¿∞-hp-ap-≠v.

a. bYm¿∞-Øn¬ CXv \nb-a-{]-Im-c-ap≈, ap≥Iqń \nb-an® hn[-Øn¬, DS-º-Sn-bpsS ]¶m-

fn-bpsS Poh≥ FSp-°p-∂-Xn-t\mSv _‘-s∏-ńcp∂p. CXv an°-t∏mgpw ""Nm¿®-°m-c-\mb

hos≠-Sp-∏p-Im-c≥'' AYhm ""tKm'F¬'' t\mSv _‘-s∏-´-XmWv. CXv ap≥Iq-ń- Xocp-am-

\n®, \nb-a-]-c-amb ]Icw ho´-ens‚ Bi-b-Øn-emWv (kw-Jy. 35:30˛34; tehy. 24:13˛23).

hmkvX-h-Øn¬ ]I-cw-ho- -ens\ ]cn-an-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Hcp am¿§-am-bn-cp∂p seIvkv

‰m-en-tbm-\nkv ""IÆn\v IÆv'' (D-ev]. 9:5˛6). Aßs\ bmZr-›n-I-ambn DS-º-Sn- kaq-l-

Ønse Hcw-K-sØ sIm√p∂h\v Cc-bm-b-hs‚ IpSpw-_-Øns‚ t{Im[-Øn¬ \n∂pw

]em-b\w sNøp-∂Xn\v kt¶X \K-c-ßƒ ]Wn-b-s∏´p (B-h. 4:41; tbmip. 20:3).

b. ]n∂oSv Cu ]Zw Poh≥ FSp-°p-∂-Xn\p ]n∂nse e£y-sØbpw at\m-`m-h-sØbpw

kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-bn. ""Icp-Xn-°qń'' F∂ Bibw AXyp-∂-X-am-Ip∂p (]p-d. 21:12˛14;

kwJy. 35:11,22; Bh. 28:24).

c. Cu Iev]-\-bn¬ Cu hyXymkw hfsc {][m-\-s∏-´-Xm-Ip-∂p. Cu ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬

CXv DS-º-Sn-bpsS kap-Zm-b-Øn-ep≈ a‰p-≈-hsc ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂-Xp- am-{X-ambn ImW-s∏-

Sp-∂p. CXv _‘p-hns‚ hos≠-Sp-∏p-Imc-t\mtSm c‡-{]-Xn-Im-c-tØmtSm _‘-s∏-ń-cn-

°p-∂p. F∂n-cp-∂mepw ]n∂o-Sp≈ thZ-`m-K-ß-fn¬ Cu ]Z-{]-tbmKw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-

∂Xv ]Øp-I-ev]-\sb {]Xnên-∏n-°p-∂p. tlmti. 4:2; bnsc. 7:9. AXm-bXv Hcp sIme-

bm-fnsb kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn Cu ]Zw \nb-a\-tØm-Sp- am-{X-a√ t{]c-WtbmSpw _‘-

s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p. CXv Ab¬°m-c-\n¬ \n∂pw kl-Po-hn-bmb a\p-jy-h¿§-Øn-te°v hnim-

e-am-Ip-∂p.

3. \ΩpsS B[p-\nI [m¿ΩnI hnj-b-ßtfmtSm h[-in-£tbmtSm bp≤-tØmtSm Cu ]Z-{]-

tbmKw _‘-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. sblq-Z-∑m¿°v Hcn-°epw kap-ZmbnI h[-in-£, hnip≤ bp≤w-

(A-Yhm B Imcy-Øn\p th≠n hnip-≤-a-√mØ bp≤-tam) F∂o {]iv\ßƒ D≠m-bn-cp-

264

∂n√.

4. B[p-\nI kwkvIm-c-Øn\v G‰hpw DØ-a-amb X¿÷a ""Iev]n-®p-I-ń-bp≈ sIme-]m-XIw

Bbn-cn-°pw.

III. ]›m-Øe Dƒ°m-gvN-Iƒ

A. Bdpw Ggpw F´pw Iev]-\-Iƒ cq]Iev]\ sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂Xv shdpw c≠v F{_m-b-]-Z-ßƒ

sIm≠m-Wv. Ah sNdpXpw ImX-em-b-Xp-am-Wv.

B. PohnXw, F√m Pohn-X-sØbpw t]mse, ssZh-tØmSv _‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p. \mw a‰p-≈-h-tcmSv

Fßs\ s]cp-am-dp∂p F∂p-≈Xv ssZh-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ \ΩpsS Nn¥sb {]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p-∂p.

IV. ]pXnb \nba kam-¥-c-ßƒ

A. tbip.

1. tbip-hns‚ Cu Iev]-\-bpsS hniZo-I-cWw (a-Øm. 5:21˛26) \ΩpsS ImeØv CXv Fßs\

{]mh¿Øn-I-am°mw F∂-Xn-s\-∏-‰n-bp≈ \ΩpsS B[p-\nI N¿®bv°v bp‡-amb Hcp A`n-

hn-\ymkw \¬Ipw.

2. hy‡-ambpw tbip ]Øp-I-ev]-\sb {]hr-Øn-I-fpsS afi-e-Øn¬ \n∂pw t{]c-WI-fpsS

afi-e-Øn-te°v am‰n. \mw Nn¥n-°p-∂-XmWv \mw. ""Hcp a\p-jy≥ lrZ-b-Øn¬ Nn¥n-°p-

∂Xp t]mse Ah≥ BIp-∂p.'' Nn¥m-Po-hnXw \mw AXns\ IW-°m-°p-∂-Xn-s\-°mƒ

hf-sc-b-[nIw {][m-\-s∏-´Xpw {]tXy-I-X-bp-≈-Xp-am-Wv.

B. tbml-∂m≥

1. 1 tbml-∂m≥ 3:15 ¬ ]I sIme-]m-X-I-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p F∂ CtX Bibw

Xs∂ ÿm]n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

2. aØm. 5:21 apXepw 1 tbml. 3:15 epw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂ {Ko°v ]Z-ßƒ hyXy-kvX-am-Wv.

F∂m¬ A¿∞w {][m-\-ambpw H∂m-Wv.

3. 1 tbml. 4:19˛21 `mKsØ km[Im-flI kqN\ {i≤n-°p-I.

V. {]mtbm-KnI kXy-ßƒ

A. a\x-∏q¿Δ-a-√m-sX-bp≈ Hcp sIme-]m-X-In°v Hcp kt¶-X-\-K-c-Øn-te°v ]em-b\w sNbvXv c‡-

{]-Xn-Im-c-I\n¬ \n∂pw c£-{]m-]n-°m-sa-¶nepw (kwJy 35; tbmip. 20), Ah\v B \K-c-Øn¬

alm-]p-tcm-ln-Xs‚ acWw hsc XS-hn¬ InS-°-W-am-bn-cp∂p. Ahs‚ {]hr-Øn-bpsS A\¥-c-

êw Ct∏mgpw tijn-°p-∂p.

B. Cu hmIyw t\cn´v Bfl-l-Xy-tbmSv _‘-s∏-Sp-∂n-√m-sb-¶nepw ˛ ]q¿Δn-I-∑m¿ Cu kw`-h-sØ-

∏‰n Hcn-°epw Nn¥n-°m-Xn-cp-∂-Xp-t]mse ˛ Cu thZ-`mKw C∂pw a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ hnip-

≤nsb kw_-‘n®p Ahs‚ kzcq-]-Øn¬ \n¿Ωn-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂ a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øn-t∑¬ ssZh-

Øn-\p≈ ]c-am-[n-Im-c-sØ-∏-‰nbpw e£y-sØ-∏-‰nbpw Hcp Bflob t\XrXzw \¬Ip-∂p. \ΩpsS

ImesØ Cu taJ-e-tbmSv Cu hN\w i‡-amb Hcp hm°v ]d-bp-∂p.

C. F∂n-cp-∂mepw Cu thZ-`mKw B[p-\nI tNmZy-amb (1) h[-in£ (2) bp≤w F∂n-h-sb-∏‰n

Jfin-X-amb Hcp hm°v ]d-bp-∂n-√. bn{km-tb-en\v Ah Ah-bn¬Xs∂ Xn∑-bm-bn-cp-∂n-√. Cu

c≠p Imcy-ß-fnepw bn{km-tb-ey¿ G¿s∏-ń-cp-∂p. Ct∏mgpw Cu taJ-e-bn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ kzcq-

]-Øn¬ \n¿Ωn-°-s∏-´Xpw Ahs‚ \nb-{¥-W-Øn≥Io-gn-ep≈Xpamb Pohs‚ {]tXy-IX-bpsS

XXzw C∂pw Hcp {][m-\-s∏´ kXy-am-Wv.

D. Cu thZ- mKw a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ al-XzsØ°pdn®pw ]hn-{X-X-sb-∏-‰nbpw Bh-iy-amb H∂pw

]d-bp-∂n√; hnizm-k-k-ap-Zm-b-Øn¬ \mw Imcy-ÿ-∑m-cmWv ˛ \ΩpsS {]hrØn-Iƒ°p am{X-a√

]ns∂tbm \ΩpsS kaq-l-Øn-s‚bpw. PohnXw F∂ Zm\w hy‡n-]-chpw kaq-l-]-c-hp-am-Wv.

]pd. 20:14, hy`n-Nmcw

I. ]›m-Øew

A. Cu Iev]\ Hcp-hs‚ ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ _lp-am-\-tØmSv _‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂Xv hy‡-am-

Wv. Hcp-hs‚ Ab¬°m-cs‚ Pohn-X-tØmSpw `mcy-tbmSpw hkvXp-h-I-tbmSpw D≈ _lp-am-\-

Øn¬ CXv ImW-s∏-Sp∂p (H.-t\m. bn-sc. 5:8). sk]v‰z-Pn‚n-ep≈ Cu Iev]-\-I-fpsS hyXykvX

{Ia-Øn-eqsS CXv icn-bm-sW∂v sXfn-bn-°-s∏-ń-´p-≠v.

B. Bh¿Ø-\-Ønse kam-¥-cX Cu ]pcm-X\ kXysØ \ΩpsS kwkvIm-c-Øn-te°v ZsØ-Sp-

°p-∂-Xns‚ A\p-tbm-Py-Xsb ImWn-°p-∂p.

C. \ne-\n¬°p∂ Hcp kaq-l-Øns‚ Xmt°m¬ Bbn amXm-]n-Xm-°-tfm-Sp≈ _lp-am-\sØ I≠n-

cp∂Xpt]mse Xs∂-bmWv Cu Iev]-\-bpw.

265

D. \ΩpsS ssewKn-Ihpw IpSpw-_-]-c-hp-amb Pohn-X-Øn-t∑-ep≈ ssZh-Øns‚ DS-a-ÿXbpw \nb-

{¥-Whpw Cu Iev]\ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.

E. \mem-asØ Iev]\ Dev]. 2:1˛3 ¬ ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse Cu Iev]\ Dev]. 2:24

¬ ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p.

II. ]Z ]T\w

A. Cu thZ-`m-KsØ apJy-amb ]Zw ""hy`n-Nmcw'' BWv. Hcp-h≥ Cu ]Zw ]pcm-X\ F{_mb

kwkvIm-c-Øn¬ a\-kn-em-°p∂p F∂Xv \n¿Æm-bI-am-Wv.

1. ]gb \nba ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ Cu ]Zw ""Zp¿∂-S∏n''¬ \n∂pw hyXy-kvX-am-Wv. ssewKn-I-_-

‘-Ønse I£n-I-fn¬ Ipd-™Xv Hcmsf¶nepw hnhm-ln-X-cm-bn-cn-°pI F∂-Xn-t\m-SmWv

hy`n-Nmcw _‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-Xv. hnhm-ln-X-cm-ImØ kv{Xo ]pcp-j-∑m¿ XΩn-ep≈ ssewKnI

thgvN-sb-bmWv ""Zp¿∂-S∏v'' F∂ ]Zw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv (k-Zr. 29:3; 31:3). Cu hyXymkw

]pXnb \nba {Ko°v -{]-tbm-K-ß-fn¬ \jvS-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p.

2. Cu km[yX hnhml kw_-‘-amb \ne-hm-c-Øn-t∑-ep≈ Du∂n-∏-d-b-ens‚ ImcWw hni-

Zo-I-cn-°p-∂p. F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬ CXv ""`qansb''°pdn-®p≈ ssZh-Øns‚ hmKvZ-ØsØ

Dƒs°m-≈p∂ ]nXr-kz-Øns‚ Ah-Im-i-tØmSv _‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p. Hmtcm Aº-Xp-h¿jw

Ign-bp-t¥mdpw (Pq-_n-en) F√m `qanbpw BZn-a-tKm{X DS-a-ÿ-∑m¿°v XncnsI \¬I-s∏-S-W-

am-bn-cp-∂p

3. tamsi-bpsS \nb-a-\n¿Ωm-W-Øn\p apºp Xs∂ hy`n-Nmcw kmwkvIm-cn-I-ambn Ip‰-Icam-

cp∂p (D-ev]. 12:1 apX¬; 26:7 apX¬; 39:9)

4. hy`n-Nmcw Xmsg-∏-dbp∂hs°Xn-s\-Xn-sc-bp≈ ]m]-am-bn-cp-∂p

a. Ab¬°m-c≥ ˛ ]pd. 20:14; Bh. 5:8

b. hnhmlw ˛ tehy. 18:20

c. ssZhw ˛ Dev]. 20:1˛13; 26:7˛11

5. CXv Ccp I£n-Iƒ°pw ac-W-in-£-bv°¿l-amb Ip‰-am-Wv

a. tehy. 20:10

b. Bh. 22:22˛24

c. sbsl. 16:40

d. kZr. 1˛9 `mKØv I¿i-\-amb ap∂-dn-bn-∏p-I-fp-≠v.

III. ]pXnb \nb-a-tØm-Sp≈ _‘w

A. ]gb \nba shfn-∏m-Snss‚ Hcp kw{K-l-ambn tbip tehy. 19:18 D]-tbm-Kn®p (eq-s°m. 10:27).

a‰p-≈-h-tcm-Sp≈ \ΩpsS s]cp-am-‰-tØmSv ]Øp Iev]-\-Iƒ _‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v CXv Dd-

∏m-°p-∂p.

B. aØm. 5:28 ¬ tbip Iev]-\-Iƒ°v Xo{hX Iq´p-∂p. {]hr-Øn-°p -]-I-cw- Xm≥ {]tNm-Z-\-Øn\v

Du∂¬ \¬Ip-∂p. a\- ns\ Bflm-hns‚ hnf-\n-e-ambn sblq-Z-∑m¿ I≠p. Hcp-h≥ bYm¿∞-

Øn¬ F¥m-bn-cp-∂pthm AXmWv Hcp-h≥ Nn¥n-®Xv (k-Zr. 23:7). CXv ]Øv hN-\-ßsf an°-

hmdpw {]mh¿Øn-I-am°p-∂Xv Akm-[y-am°n ˛ AXmWv Dt±iyw (K-em. 2:15-˛3:29).

IV. B[p-\nI D]-tbmKw

A. ssZh-\m-a-Øn-ep≈ Hcp BPo-h-\m¥ hnizmk ka¿∏-W-Øns‚ km[y-amb G‰hpw \√ B[p-

\nI kmZr-iy-amWv hnhm-lw. ]g-b-\n-ba DS-º-Sn-bpsS Bi-b-ß-fpsS bmYm¿∞y-ßƒ a\ n-

em-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ \ΩpsS G‰hpw \√ Ah-k-c-am-WnXv (a-emJn 2:14). am\p-jnI ssewKn-I-X-

bpƒs∏sS \ΩpsS Iq´m-fn-tbm-Sp≈ F√m LS-I-ß-fn-ep-ap≈ \ΩpsS _lp-am\w Cu hN-\-

Øns‚ A¥x-kØ a\-kn-em-°m≥ \sΩ klm-bn-°pw.

B. amXm-]n-Xm-°tfmSp≈ _lp-am\w t]mse hnhm-l-Øns‚ ÿnc-Xbpw Bflm¿∞-Xbpw kaq-

l-Øns‚ i‡n-bp-sSbpw CuSn-s‚bpw Hcp apJy XqWm-Wv.

C. am\p-jnI ssewKn-IX ssZh-Øns‚ Zm\-am-sW-∂-Xn\v Du∂¬ sImSp-t°-≠-XmWv. CXmWv

a\p-jy-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ Ahs‚ Bi-bhpw lnX-hpw. am¿§\n¿t±-iI tcJ-Iƒ a\p-jys‚ kzmX-

{¥y-sØbpw kt¥m-j-sØbpw XS- -s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\-√, ]ns∂tbm hoWp-t]mb a\p-jy\v Nne

ssZhnI am¿§-\n¿t±-ßƒ \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\m-Wv. ]cn-[n-Iƒ shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂Xv \ΩpsS

Zo¿L-\m-fsØ t\´-Øn\pw kt¥m-j-Øn-\p-am-Wv. ssewKn-I-Xsb a\p-jy≥ Zp¿hn-\n-tbmKw

sNbvsX-¶nepw Ah\v ssZh-Øns‚ F√m Zm\-ßfpw D≈-Xp-sIm≠v CXv Ft∏mgpw ssZh-Øns‚

\nb-{¥-W-Ønepw am¿§-\n¿t±-i-Ønepw Bbn-cn-t°≠ Hcp i‡-amb apt∂-‰-am-Wv.

D. ssewKn-IX kwc-£n-°-s∏-tS-≠Xpw Aßs\ a\pjy hy‡n (B-tWm, s]tÆm) _lp-am-\n-

266

°-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-am-Wv. F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬ Ah¿ ssZh-Øns‚ kzcq-]-Øn¬ krjvSn-°-s∏-´-h-cm-

Wv. Cu taJ-e-bn¬ \ΩpsS hogvN kw`-hn® ""Rm≥'' F∂ e£yw hfsc hy‡-am-Wv.

]pd. 20:15, tamjvSn-°pI

I. s]mXp-hmb hnh-c-ßƒ

A. ]Øp-I-ev]-\-I-fnse as‰√m \nb-{¥-W-sØbpw t]mse \ΩpsS hnizm-kw, kvt\lw, ssZh-

tØmSp≈ kvt\lw F∂nh \ΩpsS ssZ\w-Zn\ Pohn-X-Ønse ssZhn-Ihpw {]m]-©n-Ihp-amb

LS-I-ß-fn¬ ImW-s∏-SWw (1 tbml. 4:20˛-21; 2:7˛11).

B. DS-º-Sn- kaql-Øns‚ Iq´mbva \ne-\n¿ØpI F∂-XmWv CXns‚ Dt±-iyw. Cu Bflob Iq´m-

bva-bpsS khn-ti-jX Bi-b-°p-g-∏-Øn-em-bn-cn-°p-∂Xpw At\z-jn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-amb

temIsØ \ΩpsS ssZh-Øn-te°v BI¿jn-°pw. AXmWv Xncp-h-N-\-Øns‚ e£yw.

C. as‰√m Iev]-\-I-sfbpw t]mse CXpw F√m Pohs‚bpw taep≈ ssZh-Øns‚ DS-a-ÿ-X-bm-

Wv e£y-am-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. \mw Imcy-ÿ-cm-Wv, DS-a-ÿ-c-√. hne sImSp-°msX ssIh-i-s∏-Sp-

Øm-\p≈ hogvN kw`-hn® \ΩpsS Xmev]-cy-amWv Cu \ntcm-[-\-Øn-\p- ]n-∂n-ep≈Xv (k-¶o.

50:10˛12.).

II. ]Z, ssieo ]T\w

A. CXv F{_mb mj-bnse c≠v ]Z-ß-fm¬ am{Xw hnhcn-°-s∏- n-cn-°p∂ ]Øp-I-ev]-\-bpsS c≠mw

]Ip-Xn-bnse aq∂m-asØ Iev]-\-bm-Wv.

B. \ntcm-[-\-Øns‚ tlXp k∂n-ln-X-a-√. CXv Xmsg-∏-d-bp-∂-h-bm¬ ]n¥m-ß-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p.

1. apºp≈ c≠v Iev]-\-I-fpsS ]›m-Øew sIme°p‰tØmSv _‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p.

2. ASp-Øp-\n-ev°p∂Xpw (]p-d. 21:16) AI-se-bp-≈-Xp-amb (B-h. 24:7) {]tbm-Kn-I-amb kam-

¥c thZ-`m-K-ß-fpsS km∂n[yw. Dev]. 37 Dw ImWp-I.

C. F∂n-cp-∂mepw kw£n-]vX-cq]w km[q-I-cn-°m-hp-∂Xm-Wv.

1. CXv ssZh-izm-ko-b-ambn \ap-°p-th≠n tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv

2. CXv \ntcm-[\ DØ-c-hns‚ ]cn-[nsb hnim-e-am-°p-∂p

3. sXm´-Sp-Øp≈ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ tamj-W-tØmSv _‘-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp kam-¥c thZ-`m-K-ap-

≠v. ]pd. 22:1 apX¬

4. tamj-W-sØ-∏-‰n-bp≈ ]cm-a¿i-Øn¬ tbip Cu thZ-`mKw hy‡-ambn D≤-cn-°p∂p (a-

Øm. 19:18).

D. a‰v ]pcm-X\ \nba kwln-X-I-fnepw tamjWw ssIImcyw sNø-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂p. F∂m¬ in£

acWw, AwK-tO-Z\w, As√¶n¬ ap∏Xncń {]mb-›n-Øw F∂n-hbm-Wv.

E. Nne khn-ti-j-amb kam-¥c thZ-`m-K-ßƒ Cu kXysØ \n¿h-Nn-°p-Ibpw hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-

Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

1. tehy. 19:1˛18 ""\nß-fpsS ssZh-amb btlmh F∂ Rm≥ hnip-≤-\m-I-bm¬ \nßfpw hnip-

≤-cm-bn-cn-∏n≥.

a. \ΩpsS Pohn-X-coXn \ΩpsS ]nXm-hns‚bpw \ΩpsS ssZh-Øn-s‚bpw IpSpw-_-kz`m-h-

ßƒ {]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p-∂-h-bm-bn-cn-°Ww (H.-t\m. hm. 18)

b. \ΩpsS hnizmkw Xo¿®-bmbpw \ΩpsS ssZ\w-Zn\ Pohn-XsØ ˛ km[Imfl-I-amb

{]hr-Øn-I-fnepw \ntj-[m-flI-amb \ntcm-[-\-Ønepw ˛ kzm[o-\n-°Ww (hm. 17).

c. kap-Zmb {`jvScm°-s∏- -h-tcmSpw Bh-iy-Øn-en-cn-°p∂htcm-Sp-ap≈ a\- -enhv (hm. 9˛10,13)

Ab¬°m-cs\ Ih¿s∂Sp°p-∂Xv \nc-kn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse Xs∂ khn-ti-j-amb Imcy-

am-Wv (hm. 11)

2. Btamkv 8:4˛7 ˛ ssZhw Nqj-W-ßsf shdp-°p∂p!

3. aoJm 6:6˛8 \ΩpsS F√m {]hr-Øn-I-fnepw ssZhw icn-bmb t{]c-WIƒ B{K-ln-°p-∂p.

F¥p-sIm≠p \mw tamjvSn-°p-∂n√ F∂-XmWp hnjbw!

4. ]pd. 22:1 apX¬ -˛ an°-t∏mgpw tamj-WsØ kw_-‘n-®p≈ \ΩpsS B[p-\nI N¿®-I-fn¬

hn´p-t]m-Ip∂ kXyw {]mb-›n-Ø-am-Wv. ]m]-Øn\v Ft∏mgpw hne sImSp-t°≠n hcpw.

III. {]mtbm-KnI kXy-ßƒ

A. kn.-F-kv. eqhnkns‚ `mcybmb tPmbn tUhn-Uvam≥ ]Øp-I-ev]-\-I-sf-°p-dn®v ck-Ic-amb

Hcp {KŸw cNn-®n-´p-≠v. Ahƒ Cu Iev]-\sb Cßs\ X¿÷a sNøp-∂p, ""H∂n\pw th≠n-b-

√msX \nßƒ Fs¥-¶nepw In´p-hm≥ {ian-°p-I-bn-√.'' CXv Dd-∏mbpw ]cn-[nsb DS-a-ÿ-X-

Iƒ°-∏p-d-ambn hnim-e-am-°p-∂p. ho≠pw Ahƒ C{]-Imcw ]d-bp-∂p, ""kºØv ]m]tam A\ym-

267

[o-\-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ km[y-a-√mØ Ah-Im-itam A√ ]ns∂tbm ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂p-ap≈ Hcp hmbv]

AYhm \nt£-]-am-Wv.''

B. hogvN `hn® lrZ-b-Øns‚ as‰√m ]m]-ß-sfbpw t]mse tamjWw Hcp ]pXnb lrZ-b-Øm¬

ssIImcyw sNø-s∏-Sp-∂p, Fs^. 4:28. ]g-b-kz-`m-h-amb ""FSp-°pI'' F∂Xv ]pXnb kz`m-h-

amb ""]¶p-h-bv°pI'' F∂-Xmbn amdp-∂Xv AXn-i-b-I-c-am-Wv.

C. DS-º-Sn-bpsS a‰p ]¶m-fn-I-tfm-Sp≈ \ΩpsS _lp-am-\-Øn¬ \ap°v ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ _lp-am\w

hy‡-ambn ImWmw. Cu kXyw ]Øp-I-ev]-\sb \njv{]-`-am-°p-∂p.

D. B[p-\nI a\p-jy≥ A\-h[n coXnbn¬ tamjvSn-°p∂p!


1. Fß-s\-bmWv B[p-\nI a\p-jy≥ tamjWw \SØp-∂Xv?

2. Fß-s\-bmWv {]mb-›nØw ]›m-Øm-]-tØmSv _‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂Xv?

3. Fß-s\-bmWv Cu thZ-`mKw hkvXp-h-I-sb-∏-‰n-bp≈ apX-em-fnØ ho£-W-tØmSv _‘-s∏-Sp-

∂Xv?

]pd. 20:17, tamln-°pI

I. BapJw

A. Xmsg°mWp∂ hn[-Øn¬ Ah-km-\sØ A©v Iev]-\-Iƒ XΩn-ep≈ _‘w ImWp-hm≥

km[n-°p-∂p.

1. Bdv, Ggv, F v F∂nh ]c-ky-amb {]hr-Øn-bn-eqsS DS-º-Sn-bpsS Hcp ]¶m-fnsb apdn-th¬°p-

∂-Xv \ntcm-[n-°p-∂p.

2. Hº-Xm-a-tØXv kwkm-c-Øn¬ DS-º-Sn-bpsS ]¶m-fnsb apdn-th¬∏n-°p-∂Xv \ntcm-[n-°p-∂p.

3. ]Øm-a-tØXv Nn¥-bn¬ DS-º-Sn-bpsS ]¶m-fnsb apdn-th¬∏n-°p-∂Xv \ntcm-[n-°p-∂p.

B. tamlw F∂ {]hrØn Ae-t¶m-e-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv Ab¬°m-c-s\-b√, adn®v tamln-°p-∂-h-s\-bm-

Wv. F∂n-cp-∂-Xmepw Nn¥ {]hr-Øn-bn-te°p \bn°pw F∂v Cu Iev]\ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.

C. \nc-h[n t]¿ Cu Iev]-\sb bn{km-tb-ens‚ ]pcm-X\ \nb-a-kw-ln-X-bn¬ am{Xw ImW-s∏-Sp-

∂Xpw ]pcm-X\ ]uckvXy \nb-a-kw-ln-X-I-fn¬ ImWm-Ø-Xp-amb AXp-ey-amb Hcp Bi-b-

ambn ImWp-∂p. Cu ]pXnb Bibw Nn¥-bpsS \ntcm-[-\-am-bn-cp-∂n-cn-°mw. Xn∑-{]-hr-Øn-I-

fpsS D¤hw Nn¥m-Po-hn-X-am-sW∂v bn{km-tb¬ a\- n-em-°n-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂Xv kXy-amWv (k-

Zr. 23:7; bmt°m. 1:4˛15). F∂n-cp-∂mepw Cu thZ-`mKw {]hr-Øn-I-fn-te°v _ln¿K-an-°p∂

Nn¥-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp-∂Xmbn ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. kê-am-Ip∂ Hcp {]hr-Øn-tbmSp≈ _‘-

Øn¬ ""tamln-°pI'' F∂ ]Zw \nc-h[n thZ-`m-K-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p (H.-t\m. B-h. 7:25;

tbmip. 7:21; aoJm 2:2).

D. H∂m-a-tØ-Xpw Ah-km-\-tØ-Xpamb Iev]-\-Iƒ°mWv Du∂¬ \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂Xp

kXy-am-sW-¶n¬ Cu Iev]-\-bpsS bYm¿∞ khn-ti-jX ImWm≥ Ignbpw. A\-\y-km-[m-c-

W-amb ssZhm-cm-[-\-bmWv H∂m-a-tØ-Xv. F∂m¬ Cu temI-Øn-ep≈ Imcy-ß-tfm-Sp≈ \ΩpsS

at\m-`m-h-ßfpw e£y-ßfpw ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ \ΩpsS bYm¿∞ ka¿∏-WsØ kzm[o-\n-°p-

∂p. Cu Cc´ Du∂¬ tbip-hns‚ Kncn{]`m-j-W-Ønepw ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. aØm. 6:33 ˛ ""apsº

Ahs‚ cmPyhpw \oXnbpw At\z-jn-∏n≥; AtXm-Sp-IqsS CsXm-s°bpw \nßƒ°p In´pw.''

II. ]Z, ssieo ]T\w

A. ]pd. 20:17 Dw Bh. 5:21 Dw ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-ambn H∂m-sW-¶nepw \nc-h[n khn-tij hyXym-k-

ßƒ D≠v.

1. al-Ømb Bi-b-amb ""hoSv'' AYhm ]pd-∏mSv 20 se ]pcp-js‚ hkvXp-h-I-bn¬ `mcy

Dƒs∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p. AtXkabw Bh. 5 ¬ Ahƒ°v {]tXy-I-ambXpw ap≥K-W-\-bp-≈-Xp-

amb Hcp ÿm\w \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

2. ]pd. 20 se thZ-`m-KØv ""tamln-°pI'' F∂ ]Z-ap-≠v. CXn-\¿∞w ""t\Sp-hm-\p≈ B{Klw''

F∂m-Wv. F∂m¬ Bh. 5 ¬ ""tamln-°pI'' F∂-Xp-t]mse Xs∂ ""B{K-ln-°pI'' Fs∂mcp

c≠mw ]Z-ap-≠v. ""tamln-°pI'' F∂Xv ]d-bp-∂-Xv. B{K-ln-°p∂ e£yw t\Sp-∂-Xn-\p≈

{]hr-Øn-tbmSv _‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂ B{K-l-am-Wv tamlw. F∂m¬ ""B{Klw'' {i≤-tI-{μo-

Icn-°p-∂Xv at\m-`m-hsØ am{X-am-sW∂v ImWp-∂p.

3. AXp-t]mse Xs∂ bn{km-tb¬ a°ƒ°v Ah-cpsS acp-`q-an-bnse {]bmW Ime-L-´-Øn¬

Fgp-Xnb ]pd. 20 ¬ hkvXp-hII-fpsS ]ń-I-bn¬ ""hnf-`qan'' sb ]‰n Hcp kqN-\bpw C√.

AtXkabw Bh¿Ø\w 5 ¬ CtX Iev]-\-I-sf hmKvZØ`qan-bn¬ ÿnc-hm-k-am-°nb

268

P\-Øn-\p-th≠n ]p\-cm-hn-jvI-cn-°p∂p.

B. ""tamln-°pI'' F∂ ]Zw \njv]£ ]Z-am-Wv. \√ Imcy-ßsf tamln-°p-∂-Xn\pw AXp-]-tbm-

Kn-°m≥ Ignbpw (H.-t\m. k-¶o. 19:10; 1 sImcn. 12:31).

C. icn-b-√mØ B{K-l-amWv kmØm-s‚bpw BZm-an-s‚bpw lΔm-bp-sSbpw \mw F√m-h-cp-sSbpw

hogvNbv°v aqe-Im-c-Ww. tdma. 7:7˛8 ¬ ]usemkv taml-tØm-Sp≈ Xs‚ hy‡n-]-c-amb t]mcm-

´sØ Du∂n-∏-d-bp-∂p. ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-ambpw tamlw Hcp Ak-¥p-jvSnbpw ssZh-Øns‚ kwc-

£-W-Ønepw Icp-X-enepw D≈ hnizm-k-an-√m-bva-bpam-Wv.

D. taml-tØmSv _‘-s∏-´p≈ \nc-h[n ]pXnb \nba thZ-`m-K-ß-fp-≠v.

1. a\p-jys‚ {]iv\w Ak-¥p-jvSnbpw AXym-{K-l-hp-amWv (eq-s°m. 12:15; 1 Xnsam. 6:8˛10).

2. Aip-≤-am-°p∂ ]m]-ß-fpsS ]ń-I-bn¬ tamlsØ tbip Dƒs∏-SpØnbncn-°p∂p (a¿s°m.

7:17˛23; 1 sImcn. 5:10; Fs^. 5:5; sImsem. 3:5).

III. {]mtbm-KnI kXy-ßƒ

A. t`mtK— \nd™ AXym-{K-l-Øn\pw Ak-¥p-jvSn-°p-ap≈ adp-]Sn:

1. kvt\lw ˛ tdma. 13:8˛10

2. kt¥mjw ˛ F{_m. 13:5; ^nen. 4:11˛13 (]¶p-h-bv°¬, ^nen. 4:14)

B. ""\n¿ØpI'' F∂v Iev]\ ]d-bp∂p. F∂m¬ {InkvXp-am{Xw \ap°v \n¿Øp-hm-\p≈ hgn X∂p.

Ah-\n¬ \ap°v \ΩpsS Nn¥mafi-esØ Hcp \ne-hmcw hsc \nb-{¥n-°mw.

C. ssZhw \ΩpsS lrZ-b-ßsfbpw a\- p-I-sfbpw Adn-bp-∂p.

1. 1 Zn\. 28:9

2. kZr. 20:27

3. k¶o. 139:1,23

4. bnsc. 17:10

5. tdma. 8:27

6. shfn. 2:23

D. hkvXp°ƒ Xn∑-b-√, F∂m¬ Ah ap≥K-W-\-bm-Ip-tºmƒ Ah ]m]-am-Ip-∂p. hkvXp°ƒ

BXy¥tam \nXytam A√, ssZh-Øns‚ kzcq-]-Øn¬ \n¿Ωn-°-s∏´ a\p-jy≥ Aßs\

BIp∂p ˛ tamlw DS-º-Sn-bpsS kaqlsØ KqV-ambpw \mi-I-c-ambpw _m[n°pw!

N¿®-bv°p-≈ -tNm-Zy-ßƒ

1. F¥mWv tamlw?

2. Fß-s\-bmWv B[p-\nI a\p-jy≥ tamln-°p-∂Xv?

3. \ΩpsS Nn¥-Iƒ ]m]-amtWm?

4. {InkvXob Pohn-X-Øn¬ Nn¥-Iƒ hfsc khn-ti-j-am-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv F¥p-sIm≠v?

5. F¥p-sIm-≠mWv ]pd. 20:17 se Iev]\ Bh. 5:21 teXn¬ \n∂pw Aev]w hyXym-k-s∏-ń-cn-°p-

∂-Xv?

""F∂p-≈Xpw'' CXv ]Øp-I-ev]-\-I-sf-∏‰n AYhm sU°-tem-Kn-s\-∏-‰n-bp≈ Hcp ]cma¿i-am-Wv. ]Øp-

I-ev]-\-I-fpsS Cu c≠m-asØ ]ń-I-bpsS {Iaw hØn-°m-\kv F∂v hnfn-°-s∏-Sp∂ Isø-gpØp {]Xn BBWv A\p-h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xv. CXv ]pd. 20 s‚bpw Bh. 5 s‚bpw atkm-sd-‰nIv lo{_p sSÃn¬ \n∂pw

Aev]w hyXym-k-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p. ]Øp Iev]-\-bpsS c≠mw `mKw btlm-h-tbmSp≈ _‘-Øns‚ ASn-

ÿm-\-Øn¬ bn{km-tb-ens‚ At\ym-\y-ap≈ _‘sØ ssIImcyw sNøp-∂p.

""a‰p GXp Iev]-\bpw'' CXv Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚ ho£-W-Øn¬ kXy-am-btXm As√-¶n¬ Ahs‚ cN-

t\m-t±-iy-Øn\p th≠n-bp-≈tXm Bb H∂mwXcw tkm]m-[nI hmN-I-am-Wv. a‰v Iev]-\-Ifpw D≠v. ""]ØpI

ev]\-Iƒ°p ]pdØv a‰p Iev]-\-Iƒ Ds≠-¶n¬'' F∂mWv ]Z-{]-tbmKw A¿∞-am-°p-∂-Xv. as‰mcp hn[-

Øn¬ ]d-™m¬ CXv tamsi-bpsS F√m \ymb-{]-am-W-sØbpw s]mXp-hmb ""\nb-a-sØbpw'' kwt£-]n-

°p-∂p.

Cu ]Øp-I-ev]-\-Iƒ F{X FÆ-am-sW∂pw GXp-{I-a-Øn-emWv CXns‚ ]ńI cq]o-I-cn-®n- p-≈-sX∂pw

D≈ Hcp hyXy-kvXX {Ko°v ssIsø-gpØp {]Xn-I-fn¬ D≠v. sblq-Z-∑m¿°v Hcp FÆ¬ D≠v, ItØm-en-

°¿°pw s{]m´-Ã‚p-Im¿°pw hyXy-kvX-amb FÆ¬ D≠v. Cu hyXy-kvXX thZ-`m-K-Øns‚ A¿∞sØ

_m[n-°p-∂n√; hnim-ehpw hyXy-kvX-hp-amb `qcn-`mKw Isø-gpØp {]Xn-Isf kw_-‘n®pw CXv icn

Xs∂-bm-Wv.

""F∂o hN-\-Øn¬ kwt£-]n-®n-cn-°p∂p'' tehy. 19:18 ¬ \n∂p-ap≈ Hcp D≤-c-Wn-bmWn-Xv. CXv

kphn-ti-j-ß-fn¬ \nc-h[n XhW D≤-cn-°-s∏-ń-cp∂p (a-Øm. 5:43; 19:9; 22:39; a¿s°m. 12:31; eqs°m. 10:27).

269

tbip CXns\ al-Ømb c≠m-a-tØXpw As√-¶n¬ {][m-\-s∏-´-Xp-amb Iev]\ F∂p hnfn-°p-∂p. Kem.

5:14 epw bmt°m. 2:8 epw CXv D≤-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Hcp-h≥ ssZhsØ kvt\ln-°p-tºmƒ Ah≥ ssZhw

kvt\ln-°p-∂-Xns\ kvt\ln-°p∂p (A-Xm-bXv Ahs‚ kzcq-]-Øn¬ krjvSn°-s∏´ a\p-jys\, Dev].

1:26˛27).

""Iq´p-Im-cs\ \ns∂-t∏mse kvt\ln°'' hnizm-kn-Iƒ BZyta ssZhw Ahsc kvt\ln-°p∂ coXn-

b¬ Xß-sf-Øs∂ kvt\ln-°-Ww. F¶n¬ am{Xta Ah¿°v a‰p-≈-hsc kvt\ln-°m\pw kzoI-cn-°m\pw

Ign-bp-Ibp-≈p. kap-Nn-X-amb kzkvt\lw Xn∑-b-√. Cu thZ- m-K-Øns‚ {][m\ kXyw hy‡-ambn ÿm]n-

°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p ˛ a‰p-≈-hsc kvt\ln-°pI (hm. 10). ssZh-Øns‚ kzbw X∂p-sIm-≠p≈ _en-Zm\

kvt\l-Øm¬ kv]¿in-°-s∏-´-h¿ AtXhn[-Øn¬ a‰p-≈-hsc kvt\ln°pw (1 tbml. 3:16). {InkvXp-hn-

t\m-Sp≈ kmZr-iy-Øns‚ ImX¬ CXmWv (ssZh-Øns‚ kzcq-]Øns‚ bYm-ÿm-]\w). CØ-c-Øn-ep≈

kvt\l-Øns‚ km∂n-[y-Øn¬ ""\nba'-'Øns‚ Bh-iy-an-√.

tdma¿ 13:11-˛1411CXp sNtø≠Xp Dd°Øn¬\n∂p DWcphm≥ \mgnI h∂ncn°p∂p F∂n ßs\ \nßƒ

kabsØ AdnIbm¬ Xt∂; \mw hnizkn® kabsØ°mƒ c£ Ct∏mƒ \ap°p A[nIw

ASpØncn°p∂p. 12cm{Xn Ignhmdmbn ]I¬ ASpØncn°p∂p; AXpsIm≠p \mw Ccp´ns‚

{]hrØnIsf sh®pIf™p shfn®Øns‚ Bbp[h¿§w [cn®psImƒI. 13]I¬kabØp

F∂t]mse \mw acymZbmbn \S°; shdn°qØpIfnepw aZy]m\ßfnepa√, ib\tamlßfnepw

ZpjvImaßfnepa√, ]nW°Ønepw Akqbbnepa√. 14I¿Ømhmb tbip{InkvXphns\Øt∂

[cn®psImƒhn≥. tamlßƒ P\n°pamdp PUØn∂mbn Nn¥n°cpXp.

13:11

NASB ""CXv sNbvI''

NKJV ""BI-bm¬ CXv sNbvI''

NRSV ""CXn\p ]pdsa''

TEV ""\nßƒ Xo¿®-bmbpw CXv sNbvI''

NJB ""IqSmsX''

CXmWv Iogvhg-°-tØmSv (hm. 11˛14) ]n¥p-S¿®sb (hm. 9˛10) _‘n-∏n-°p∂ hgn. hN\w tIƒ°

am{X-a√ (bmt°m. 1:22, 23, 25) sNøp-∂-h-cmbpw Ccn-∏n≥! kvt-\lw {]hr-Øn-bn¬ sIm≠p-h-c-Ww.

""ka-bsØ Adn-I-bm¬'' CXv Hcp ]q¿ÆIme I¿Øcn A]q¿Æ-{Inb BWv. ka-bsØ kqNn-∏n-

°p∂ ]Zw (Im-bn-tdmkv˛kairojkairojkairojkairojkairoj) ]Xn-hm-bp≈ Imem-\p-{Ia ka-b-Øns‚ (t{Im-tWm-kv˛cronojcronojcronojcronojcronoj) A¿∞-

Øn-e√ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. ]ns∂tbm {]tXyI Ime-L-´sØ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\m-Wv. hnizm-kn-Iƒ (1)

GXp \nan-j-hp-ap≈ {InkvXp-hns‚ hc-hns‚ shfn-®-Ønepw (2) ]pXnb bpKw DZn-®n-cn-°p∂-p F∂ Nn¥-

bnepw Pohn-°-Ww.

""Dd°w'' km∑m¿§n-Ihpw Bflo-b-hp-amb A{i-≤sb kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v ZrjvSm-¥-am-bmWv Cu ]Zw

D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv (F-s^. 5:8-˛14; 1 sX . 5:6). {]tXyI ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ am{Xta ]Z-ßƒ°v A¿∞-

ap-≈q. ÿnc-amb Hcp \n¿h-N-\sØ kq£n-°p-I. F√m hm°p-Iƒ°pw \nc-h[n km[y-amb A¿∞-ßƒ

D≠v.

""\mw hniz-kn® ka-b-sØ-°mƒ'' {InkvXym-\nXzw Hcp Xocp-am-\-tØm-Sp-IqSn Bcw-`n-°Ww (X¬£-

W-ambn \oXo-I-c-Whpw hnip-≤o-I-c-W-hpw) F∂m¬ AXv `‡n-\n¿`c Pohn-X-co-Xn (]p-tcm-K-a-\-]-c-amb

hnip-≤o-I-c-Ww, 6:4 se {]tXyI IT\hnjbw ImWp-I) Df-hm-°p-Ibpw {InkvXpkmZr-iy-Øn¬ (a-l-Xzo-

I-cWw) Ah-km-\n-°p-Ibpw thWw. Hcp-h≥ {InkvXp-hn-ep≈ ssZh-Øns‚ hmKvZ-ØsØ kzoI-cn-°Ww

(tbm-l. 1:12; 3:16; tdma. 10:9-˛13). {]mYn-I-amb Cu Xocp-am\w Ah-km-\-a√ ]ns∂tbm XpS-°-am-Wv!

""c£ ... A[nIw ASp-Øn-cn-°p∂p'' c£ {]mY-an-I-amb Hcp Xocp-am-\hpw Hcp -{]-{In-b-bp-amWv (10:14

se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw ImWp-I). hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v ]pXnb ico-c-ßƒ e`y-am-Iptºmƒ am{Xta c£

]q¿Æ-am-hp-I-bp≈q (1 tbml. 3:2; 1 sX . 4:13˛18; F{_m. 9:28; 1 ]s{Xm. 1:5). ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-ambn

CXns\ ""al-Xzo-I-cWw'' F∂v hnfn-°p∂p (tdm-a. 8:30). Hmtcm Xe-ap-d-bn-sebpw {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS {]Xymi

Ah-s‚tbm Ah-fp-sSbpw Poh-Im-eØv I¿Øm-hns‚ aS-ßn-h-c-hv {]Xo-£n-°pI F∂-XmWv (eq-s°m.

21:28). ]usemkpw AXn¬ \n∂pw Hgn-hm-bn-cp-∂n√ (1 sX . 4:15).

13:2 ""cm{Xn Ign-hm-dmbn'' CXv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv Ct∏mƒ Xs∂ \in-∏n-°-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xpw am‰n-h-

bv°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-amb h¿Ø-am-\-Ime Xn∑-bpsS bpK-sØ-bmWv (1 sImcn. 7:29˛31; 10:11; bmt°m. 5:8; Fs^.

270

5:8,14; 1 tbml. 4:7; 2 tbml. 2:17˛18; shfn. 1:3; 22:10). 12:2 se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw ImWp-I. ]usemkpw

{]tXy-In®v tbml-∂m\pw Nmhp-I-S¬ Npcp-fp-I-fn-se∂t]mse shfn-®-hpw Ccp-´pw XΩn-ep≈ sshcp≤yw

D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

""]I¬ ASp-Øn-cn-°p∂p'' CXv Hcp ]q¿Æ I¿Øcn kqNIamWv. CXv A¥y Zn\-ß-fmWv (^n-en. 4:5;

bmt°m. 5:9). tbip-hns‚ PU-[m-cWw apXte \mw A¥y-Zn-\-ß-fn-em-Wv. Ahs‚ alXz {]Xy-£X hsc

AXv XpS-cpw. H∂mw \q‰m≠p apX-ep≈ F√m hnizm-kn-Ifpw {InkvXp-hns‚ aS-ßn-h-chv Xma-kn°p-∂-Xn¬

A¤p-X-s∏-ń-cp∂p. F∂n-cp-∂mepw ]pXnb bpKw {InkvXp-hn¬ DZn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

{InkvXp-hns‚ aS-ßn-h-c-hns‚ Bk-∂-Xsb-∏-‰n-bp≈ Cu kqN\ FSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂Xv shfn-∏mSv ]pkvX-

I-Øn\v Rms\-gp-Xn-b Ia‚-dn-bpsS ""\n¿Æm-bI Bap-J''-Øn¬ \n∂p-am-Wv. CXv kuP-\yambn Hm¨sse-

\n¬ www. freebiblecommentary.org ¬ e`y-amWv.

Bdm-asØ kwL¿jw (B-k-∂-am-bn-cn-°p∂ {InkvXp-hns‚ hchpw Xma-kn-°p∂ ]mdq-kn-bbpw)

an°-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw ]Tn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv tbip AXn-thKw, DSs\ Xs∂, A{]-Xo-£n-X-ambn hcp∂p

F∂mWv (a-Øm. 10:23; 24:27,34,44; a¿s°m. 9:1; 13:30). F∂m¬ CXp {]Xo-£n-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ F√m

Xe-ap-d-bn-sebpw hnizm-kn-Iƒ°p sX‰p-]-‰n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. tbip-hns‚ AXn-th-K (X¬£-W-am-bp≈)

aS-ßn-h-chv F√m Xe-ap-dbv°pw hmKvZØw sNø-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂ i‡-amb {]Xym-i-bm-W. F∂m¬

H∂n\p am{Xw AXp bYm¿∞y-amWv (AXv ]oUb\p-`-hn-°p∂ H∂m-bncn°pw). \msf Ah≥ hcp-

∂p F∂ hn[-Øn¬ hnizm-kn-Iƒ Pohn-°-Ww. F∂m¬ Ah≥ Xma-kn-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ alm-\n-

tbmKØn\p≈ ]≤-Xn-Ifpw \S-∏m-°epw D≠m-IWw (a-Øm. 28:19˛20).

kphn-ti-j-ß-fn-sebpw 1, 2 sX -tem-\n° teJ-\-ß-fn-sebpw Nne -hm-Iy-ßƒ (a¿s°m. 13:10;

eqs°m. 17:2; 18:8) Xma-kn-°p∂ c≠mw-h-c-hns\ (]-dqkn-b) ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-bp≈hbm-Wv.

H∂m-aXv kw`-hn-t°≠ Nne Ncn{X kw`-h-ßƒ D≠v:

1. temI-hym-]-I-amb kphn-ti-jo-I-cWw (a-Øm. 24:15; a¿s°m. 13:10)

2. ""A[¿Ω-aq¿Øn'' shfn-∏mSv (a-Øm. 24:15; 2 sX . 2; shfn. 13)

3. alm ]oU\w (atlm-]-{Z-hw) (H.-t\m. aØm. 24:21,24; shfn. 13)

ChnsS a\-∏q¿Δ-amb Zp¿{K-lX D≠v (a-Øm. 24:42˛51; a¿s°m. 13:32-˛36). Hmtcm Znh-khpw

\nßƒ°v Ah-km-\-tØ-XmWv F∂p Nn¥n®v Pohn-°-Ww, F∂m¬ `mhn-Ime ip{iq-j-bv°mbn

]≤Xn Xøm-dm-°p-Ibpw ]cn-tim-[n-°p-Ibpw thWw.

""sh®p-I-f-™p... [cn-®p-sImƒI'' Ch ASn-b-¥c kqN\ \¬Ip-∂ `qXIme a[y A\p-_-‘-{In-b-

bmWv. ""\nßƒØs∂ sh®p-I-f-I ... Hcn-°¬- F-∂-t∂-°p-ambn AYhm a\-∏q¿Δ-ambn [cn-°pI'' F∂-

XmWv kqN-\. \oXo-I-c-W-Ønepw (A-\p-Xm-]hpw hnizm-k-hpw) hnip-≤o-I-c-W-Ønepw (`‡n-\n¿`c Pohn-

Xw) ssZhhpw a\p-jy\pw ]¶p-≠v. Cu hkv{X-[m-cW ZrjvSm¥w ]usem-kns‚ teJ-\-ß-fn¬ km[m-c-

W-am-Wv. hnizm-kn-Iƒ Xß-fpsS Dd-°-Øns‚ hkv{Xw Ducp-Ibpw bp≤-hkv{Xw [cn-°bpw thWw (F-

s^. 4:22˛25; sImsem. 3:10,12,14). ssZ\w-Zn\ Bflob bp≤-Øn\pth≠n Hcp-ßp∂ {InkvXob ]S-bm-fn-I-

fmWv \mw (F-s^. 6:10-˛18). NIDNTT, hmeyw 1, t]Pv 315˛316 se Ipdn∏p ImWp-I.

""shfn-®-Øns‚ Bbp-[-h¿§w'' CXv sbi. 59:17 \p≈ Hcp kqN\ BIm-\mWp km[yX. hnizm-kn-

Iƒ a\-∏q¿Δambn \oXn-bpsS Ih-Nhpw Bbp-[-ßfpw [cn-°Ww (2 sImcn. 6:7; 10:4; Fs^. 6:11,13; 1

sX . 5:8). ssZh-Øns‚ h-N\w hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v e`y-amWv F∂m¬ Ah¿ Xo¿®-bm-bpw

1. Ah-cpsS Bh-iy-IX Xncn-®-dn-b-Ww.

2. ssZh-Øns‚ Icp-X¬ Xncn-®-dn-bWw

3. hy‡n-]-c-ambpw a\x-∏q¿Δ-ambpw CXv Ah-cpsS ssZ\w-Zn\ Nn¥-bn-epw -Po-hn-X-Ønepw \S-∏m-°-Ww.

Hcp ssZ\w-Zn\ Bflob bp≤-ap-≠v. ¢n‚≥ F^v B¿t\mƒUns‚ {Xo {Iqjy¬ Izkv‰y≥kv F_u´v

kv]ncn-®¬ hm¿s^-b¿ ImWp-I.

13:13 ""\mw acym-Z-bmbn \S°'' CXv Hcp `qXIme I¿Øcn A\p-_-‘-{In-b-bmWv. B£-co-I-ambn ""\S-

°pI'' F∂m-Wv. Pohn-X-co-Xnsb kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Hcp F{_mb {]tbm-Kam-bn-cp∂p CXv (F-s^. 4:1,

17; 5:2,15). ]usemkv CXv 33 Xh-W-bn-e-[nIw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

Cu hmIy-Ønse ]m]-ß-fpsS ]ńI c≠v ]Z-ß-fn-eqsS aq∂v tPmUn-I-fm-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Cu ]Z-

ßƒ°v ]Z-ß-fpsS A¿∞ hym]vXn kw_-‘n®v Ihn-™pIn-S-°-ep-≠v. 1:28˛32 se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw:

]pXnb\nbaØnse Zp¿KpWßfpw kXvKpWßfpw ImWpI.

Cu ]Z-ßƒ tdmam-k-`-bnse hnizm-kn-I-fmb sblq-Zcpw hnizm-kn-I-fmb PmXn-Ifpw XΩn-ep≈

kwL¿j-tØmSv _‘-s∏-ńcn-°p-∂-Xm-Im≥ km[y-X-bp-≠v. PmXn-I-fmb ]pXnb hnizm-kn-Iƒ Hcp ]s£

Ah-cpsS Akm-∑m¿§n-I-amb hn{K-lm-cm-[-\m coXn-Iƒ XpS-cp-∂p-≠m-bn-cn-°mw. As√-¶n¬ (2) tdmanse

sblq-Z-∑m-cpsS F√m BNm-c-ßfpw \ntcm-[n-®p-sIm-≠p≈ \otdm-bpsS imk\w \nanØw hn´p-t]m-b-h-

271

cmb hnizm-kn-I-fmb sblqZ t\Xm-°-fpsS aS-ßn-h-c-hn-¬ Ah¿s°-Xnsc PmXob hnizm-kn-Iƒ K¿Δ-

tØmsS {]h¿Øn-®n-cn-°mw.

""shdn-°q-Øp-I-fnepw aZy-]m-\-ß-fn-ep-a√'' CXv ]cm-a¿in-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv {]mIrX hn{K-lm-cm-[-\m aXm-

Nm-c-ß-tfmSpw aZy-]m-\-tØmSpw _‘-s∏´ ssewKnI Akm-∑m¿§n-I-X-sb-∏-‰n-bm-Wv. Kem. 5:21 se ]m]-

ß-fpsS ]ń-I-bn¬ Cu ]Z-ßfpw ASpØSpØv tN¿Øn-´p-≠v.

""ib-\-tam-l-ß-fnepw ZpjvIm-a-ß-fn-ep-a√'' Cu tPmUn H∂m-asØ tPmUn-tbmSv Ihn-™p InS-°p-∂-

Xmbn ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. c≠m-asØ ]Zw ]pXnb \nb-a-Øn¬ hym]-I-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂p (a¿s°m.

7:22; 2 sImcn. 12:21; Kem. 5:19; Fs^. 4:19; 1 ]s{Xm. 4:3; 2 ]s{Xm. 2:7). BZysØ tPmUn aZy-]m-\sØ

e£y-am-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Cu tPmUn ssewKnI Akm-∑m¿§n-I-X-sbbpw t`mtK-—-tbm-Sp≈ Hcp A\n-b-{¥n-

X-amb ]cn-Xym-K-sØ-t∏mepw e£y-am-°p-∂p.

""]nW-°-Ønepw Akq-b-bn-ep-a√'' Bfp-I-fpsS a[y-Øn-ep≈ kv]¿≤-sb-∏-‰n-bmWv Cu ]Zw ]d-bp-

∂Xv (K-em. 5:20). CXv Hcp]s£ BZysØ c≠v tPmUn-I-fpsS A\p-tbm-Py-a-√mØ _‘-Ønse ê-

amImw. {InkvXym-\n-Isf A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-sW-¶n¬ (1 sImcn. 3:3; sImsem. 3:8) Ah

{]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p-∂Xv hnizm-kn-I-fpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬ Ah¿ Dt]-£n-t°≠ Nne PmXob aXm-\p-jvTm-\-ß-

sf AWv. F∂n-cp-∂mepw Cu ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ CXv hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v hncp-≤-am-b-Xm-Wv, AXp-sIm≠v

CsXmcp ap∂-dn-bn-∏m-bn-cp-∂n-cn-°Ww.

13:14 ""I¿Øm-hmb tbip-{In-kvXp-hn-s\-Øs∂ [cn-®p-sImƒhn≥'' Cu ZrjvSm¥w Ct∏mƒ hnizm-kn-

Iƒ Npa-ep-I-fn¬ Cń-cn-°p∂ cmPm-hmb tbip-hns‚ (ÿm-\-]-c-amb hnip-≤o-I-c-Ww) cmP-Iob ÿm\-h-

kv{X-tØmSv _‘-s∏-Sp-∂p. kv\m\-Ønse thj-tØm-Sp≈ ]tcm-£-kq-N-\-bmbn Nne ]fin-X-∑m¿ CXns\

ImWp-∂p. Cu hkv{X-[m-cW ZrjvSm¥w hm. 12 ¬ BWv BZy-ambn kqNn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv. hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v

{InkvXp-hn-ep≈ ]pXnb ÿm\sØ ImWn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Hcp am¿§-am-Wn-Xv. {InkvXp-hn-ep≈ Xß-fpsS

]pXnb ÿm\w \nanØw hnizm-kn-Iƒ Ah-cpsS ]pXnb PohnXcoXn Xo¿®-bmbpw \S-∏m-°-W-sa∂pw

CXv Du∂n∏-d-™n-cn-°p∂p (]p-tcm-K-a-\-]-c-amb hnip-≤o-I-c-Ww, F-s^. 4:22,24; sImsem. 3:8); Kem. 3:27

¬ Cu kXyw Hcp hmkvX-hn-I {]kvXm-h-\-bmbn {]I-Sn-∏n-®n-cn-°p∂p. ChnsS CXv Hcp Iev]-\bmbn (hn-

[n-cq-]w) {]I-Sn-∏n-®n-cn-°p∂p.

kqNI {]kvXm-h-\bpw hn[n-cq-]hpw XΩn-ep≈ kwL¿jw {InkvXp-hn-ep-≈ -\-ΩpsS ÿm\-Øn-s‚bpw

B ÿm\w Ah-Im-i-am-°p-hm-\p≈ \ΩpsS {ia-Øn-s‚bpw a[y-Øn-ep≈ kwL¿j-amWv (6:4 se {]tXyI

]T\hnjbw ImWp-I). c£-bpsS \nanjw Xs∂ \mw ""hnip-≤∑m''cmWv (hn-ip-≤¿). F∂m¬ \mw ""hnip-

≤-cm-bn-cn∏m≥'' D]-tZ-in-°-s∏- -h-cm-Wv. CXv thZ-]p-kvXIw ]d-bp∂ Hcp ]q¿Æhpw kuP-\y-hp-amb {InkvXp-

hnse c£-bpsS hntcm-[m-`m-khpw {InkvXp kmZr-iy-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ Bthiw ]I-cp∂ hnfn-bp-am-Wv.

""Nn¥n°cpXv'' CXv s\K‰ohv ]m¿ń°nfnt\msSm∏ap≈ Hcp h¿Ø-am-\-Ime a[y hn[n-cq-]amWv. Cu

hymIcW cq]w km[mcWbmbn A¿∞am°p∂Xv \S∂psIm≠ncn°p∂ Hcp {]hrØn \n¿Øphm\mWv.

tdmanse Nne {InkvXym\nIƒ DNnXa√mØ Akm∑m¿§nI PohnXw \bn°p∂psh∂v CXv kqNn∏n°p∂-

Xmbn ImWs∏Sp∂p. AhcpsS {]mIrX Bcm[\m coXnbn¬ \n∂pap≈ Hcp Hm¿Ωbmbncp∂ncn°Ww

AXv.

PUnI ss{IkvXhnIXsb∏‰nbp≈ ]pXnb \nba ]Tn∏n°epIƒ hniZoIcn°pI ZpjvIcamWv.

]pXnb \nba teJI¿ a\pjyh¿§Øns‚ Ahÿsb shfp∏pw Idp∏pamb ssienIfn¬ {]Z¿in∏n°p∂p.

Ct∏mgpw CXv \ΩpsS ""Bbn-°-gn™p'' F∂m¬ ""h∂nń√'' F∂ \ne-bn-ep≈ PohnXØns‚ Hcp hmkvX-

hn-IXbmWv. ]usemkv a\pjyh¿§sØ aq∂v hn`mKßfmbn Xncn°p∂p (1 sImcn. 2:14˛3:1):

1. {]mIrX a\pjy¿ (\jvSs∏´ a\pjyh¿§w), 2:14

2. BflnI a\pjy¿ (c£n°s∏´ a\pjyh¿§w), 3:1

3. PUnI∑m¿ (imcocnI {InkvXym\nIƒ AYhm inip°fmb {InkvXym\nIƒ), 3:1

""tamlßƒ P\n°pamdv PUØn\mbn'' hoWpt]mb \ΩpsS BZmay kz`mhØns‚ A]ISßsf

F√mw ]usemkv \∂mbn Adn™ncp∂p (tdma. 7; Fs^. 2:3). F∂m¬ tbip \ap°v ssZhØn\mbn

Pohn°p∂Xn\p≈ i‡nbpw B{Klhpw Xcp∂p (tdma. 6). CXv XpS¿∂v t]mIp∂ Hcp t]mcmámWv

(8:5˛7; 1 tbml. 3:6˛9). 1:3 se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw: PUw --(km¿Ivkv) ImWpI.





272





1. `cWIqSsØ∏‰nbp≈ ]usemkns‚ {]kvXmh\ BZna ss{IkvXh¿°v hfsc auenIambncp∂Xv

F¥psIm≠v?

2. F√m hn[Ønepap≈ `cWIqSßƒ°pw {InkvXym\nIƒ IogSßnbncnt°≠Xpt≠m?

3. {InkvXym\nIƒ `cWIqSØns‚ F√m \nba]camb BhiyIXIƒ°pw IogSßnbncnt°-

≠Xpt≠m?

4. H∂mw hmIyw cmPm°∑mcpsS ssZhnI AhImisØ∏‰n ]Tn∏n°p∂pt≠m?

5. ]usemkv ssZhimkv{X]cambn ]pXnb ]›mØeØn\v XpS°w Ipdn°pIbmtWm AtXm aØm.

22:21 se tbiphns‚ hm°pIfn¬ CXns‚ kqN-\bpt≠m?

6. ss{IkvXhcpsS cmjv{Sob A\pkcWt°Sv Ft∏msg¶nepw \oXoIcn°s∏´n´pt≠m?

7. \memw hmIyØn\v h[in£tbmSv F¥mWv _‘w?

8. {InkvXym\nIfpsS a\ m£n Ft∏mgpw icnbmtWm (H.-t\m. hm. 5)?

9. 8˛mw hmIyw a‰p {InkvXym\nItfmSp≈ \ΩpsS kvt\lsØ°pdn®mtWm AtXm F√mhtcmSpap≈

\ΩpsS kvt\lsØ°pdn®mtWm kwkmcn°p∂Xv?

11. F¥n\mWv ]usemkv ]Øp Iev]\Isf ]pXnb \nba hnizmknIfpsS DtØP\ambn D]tbmKn-

°p∂Xv?

12. F¥psIm≠mbncn°mw CØcw `oIcamb ]m]ßsf hnizmknItfmSp≈ _‘Øn¬ ]usemkv

\ncØp∂Xv?

13. Fßs\bmWv Hcph≥ tbip{InkvXphns\ [cn°p∂Xv?

273

\nß-fpsS ktlmZ kzmX-{¥y-Øns‚ a‰p-≈-h-cpsS a\ m a‰p-≈-hsc _e-lo-\-tcm-Sp≈

cs\ hn[n-°-cpXv \ymb-{]-amWw £nsb kvt\lw hn[n-°-cpXv HuZmcy at\m- mhw

am\n-°p∂p

14:1˛12 14:1˛13 14:1˛4 14:1˛4 14:1˛12

14:5˛6 14:5˛12

14:7˛9

14:10˛12

\nß-fpsS ktlmZ kvt\l-Øns‚ a‰p-≈-h¿ hogm≥

c\v CS¿®-bp≠m {]amWw CS-bm-°-cpXv

°cpXv

14:13-˛23 14:13-˛23 14:13-˛18 14:13-˛21

14:13-˛23

14:19-˛23

(14:22-˛15:6)

14:22-˛23
















4. BZnbmbh

hm. 1˛12 s‚ ]›m-Øe Dƒ°m-gvN-IƒA. Cu A[ymbw {InkvXob kzmX{¥yØns‚bpw DØchmZnØØns‚bpw at[ybp≈ kwL¿jsØ

kaoIcn°m≥ {ian°p∂p. kmlnXyLSIw 15:13 hsc \ofp-∂-Xm-Wv.

B. Cu A[ymbsØ h√mØ _p≤nap´nem°p∂Xv tdmanse sblqZ∑mcpw PmXnIfpamb hnizmknIƒ

XΩnep≈ kwL¿jambncp∂ncn°m≥ km[yXbp≠v (AYhm ]usemkns‚ sImcn¥nse

kaImenI A\p`hw). am\-km-¥cØn\p apºv sblqZ∑m¿ \nbahmZnIfmbpw {]mIrXaX°m¿

Akm∑m¿§nIfpambmWv Pohn®ncp∂Xv. Cu A[ymbw A`nkwt_m[\ sNøp∂Xv \n¿hymPcmb

tbiphns‚ A\pKmanIsfbmWv. Cu A[ymbw PUnIcmb hnizmknIsf A`nkwt_m[\

sNøp∂n√ (1 sImcn. 3:1). ]ctam∂X e£yw c≠p hn`mKßfpamWv. c≠p hißfnsebpw

Xo{hXbn¬ A]ISap≠v. Cu N¿® hfsc CSpßnb \nbahmZØnt\m AXncpIS∂ kzmX{¥y-

Ønt\m D≈ Hcp A\paXnb√.

sImcn¥n¬ \n∂pamWv ]usemkv tdmam teJ\w FgpXnbsX∂v Hm¿°pI. AhnSpsØ {]iv\w

274

I£n ]nSp-Øambncp∂p. F∂m¬ ChnsS hnhn[ XcØnep≈ hnizmknIfmWp≈Xv.

C. XßfpsS ssZhimkv{Xtam [m¿ΩnIXtbm as‰√m hnizmkn°pw th≠nbp≈ Hcp \nehmcam-

°mXncn°m≥ hnizmknIƒ Xo¿®bmbpw kq£nt°≠XmWv (2 sImcn. 10:12). F√m hnizmknIfpw

Xßƒ°p≈ shfn®Øn¬ \St°≠XmWv. F∂m¬ AhcpsS ssZhimkv{Xw kzbtab

ssZhØns‚ ssZhimkv{XamIp-∂n√ F∂v a\ nemt°≠XpamWv. F√m hnizmknIfpw C∂pw

]m]Øm¬ _m[n°s∏ńcn°p∂p. \mw Xo¿®bmbpw At\ym\yw XncphN\Øn¬ \n∂pw _p≤nbn¬

\n∂pw A\p`hØn¬ \n∂pw {]t_m[n∏n°bpw ]Tn∏n°bpw thWw. F∂m¬ Ft∏mgpw

kvt\lØn¬ am{Xw. Hcph≥ A[nIambn Adnbptºmƒ X\n°v Adnhn√ F∂v A[nIw

AdnbpIbmWv sNøp-∂Xv (1 sImcn. 13:12).

D. Hcphs‚ ssZhapºmsIbp≈ e£yßfpw at\m`mhßfpamWv a‰v hnizmknIfpsS {]hrØnIsf

hnebncpØp∂Xn\p≈ hmkvXhamb Xmt°mepIƒ. Xßƒ At\ym\yw Fßs\ s]cpamdn

F∂Xns‚ ASnÿm\Øn¬ {InkvXym\nIƒ \ymbhn[n°mbn {InkvXphns‚ apºmsI \n¬t°≠n-

hcpw (hm.10; 2 sImcn. 5:10).

E. ""Hcp {InkvXob ]pcpj≥ B¿°pw hnt[-b-\-√mØ G‰hpw kzX{¥\mb Hcp bPam\\mWv; Hcp

{InkvXob]pcpj≥ G‰hpw DØchmZnØap≈h\pw F√mh¿°pw hnt[b\pamWv'' F∂v am¿ń≥

eqY¿ ]d™p. thZ]pkvXI kXyw an°t∏mgpw kwL¿jw \nd™ sshcp≤yambmWv Ah-

Xcn∏n°s∏ńcn°p∂Xv.

F. tdma. 14:1˛15:13 apgph≥ kmln-Xy-L-S-Ihpw 1 sImcn. 8˛10; sImsem. 2:8˛23 mKßfpw Cu hnjaIchpw

KuchIchpamb hnjbw ssIImcyw sNbvXncn°p∂p. Cu taJebn¬ F\n°v klmbIcamb

{KŸw tKm¿U≥ ôbpw U•kv Ãphm¿´pw tN¿s∂-gp-Xnb lu Sp doUv Zn ss__nƒ t^m¿ Hmƒ

C‰vkv h¿Øv t]Pv 75˛86 BWv.

G. F∂ncp∂mepw \n¿hymP hnizmknIfpsS a[yØnse _lpeX Hcp tamiamb Imcyas√∂Xv

ÿm]nt°≠XmhiyamWv. Hmtcm hnizmkn°pw _eßfpw _elo\XIfpw D≠v. HmtcmcpØcpw

Ah\pw/ Ahƒ°pap≈ shfn®Øn¬ \S°pIbpw Ft∏mgpw A[nIw shfn®Øn\mbn

Bflmhnt\mSpw thZ]pkvXItØmSpw Xpd∂ at\m`mhap≈hcpw Bbncn°Ww. IÆmSnbn¬

ISsamgnbmbn ImWp∂ Cu ImeL´Øn¬ (1 sImcn. 13:8˛13) Hcph≥ ]ckv]c_≤Xbv°mbn

Xo¿®bmbpw kvt\lØnepw (hm. 15) kam[m\Ønepw (hm. 17, 19) \S°Ww.

H. ]usemkv Cu hn`mKßƒ°p \¬Ip∂ ""_ehm∑m¿'' ""_elo\¿'' F∂o Xes°´pIƒ \ap°v

Ahsc°pdn®v ap≥hn[nIƒ \¬Ip∂p. \n›bambpw CX√mbncp∂p ]usemkns‚ e£yw. Ccp

hn`mKßfpw \n¿hymPcmb hnizmknIƒ Bbncp∂p. \mw a‰p hnizmknIsf \sΩt∏mse B°n

FSpt°≠Xn√. {InkvXphn¬ \mw ]ckv]cw kzoIcn°pI.

I. samØ hmZKXn°v C{]Imcw cq]tcJ \¬Imw.

1. At\ym\yw kzoIcn°pI. F¥psIms≠∂m¬ ssZhw {InkvXphn¬ \sΩ kzoIcn°p∂p (14:13;

15:7).

2. At\ym\yw hn[n°cpXv, F¥psIms≠∂m¬ {InkvXphmWv \ΩpsS Htcsbmcp bPam\\pw

\ymbm[n]\pw (14:3˛12)

3. hy‡n]cambn kzmX{¥ysØ°mƒ hfsc {][m\s∏´XmWv kvt\lw (14:13˛23)

4. {InkvXphns‚ amXrIsb ]n¥p-S-cpIbpw a‰p≈hcpsS DXv_p≤Xbv°pw \∑bv°pambn \ΩpsS

AhImißsf sh®pIfbpIbpw sNbvI (15:1˛13).

]Z, ssieo ]T\w

tdma¿ 14:1˛41kwibhnNmcßsf hn[n°msX hnizmkØn¬ _elo\\mbhs\ tN¿ØpsImƒhn≥.

2Hcph≥ F√mw Xn∂m sa∂p hnizkn°p∂p; _elo\t\m kkymZnIsf Xn∂p∂p. 3Xn∂p∂h≥

Xn∂mØhs\ [n°cn°cpXp; Xn∂mØh≥ Xn∂p∂hs\ hn[n°cpXp; ssZhw Ahs\

ssIs°m≠ncn°p∂pht√m. 4as‰mcpØs‚ Zmks\ hn[n∏m≥ \o B¿? Ah≥ \nev°p∂tXm

hogp∂tXm kz¥ bPam\∂t{X; Ah≥ \nev°pwXm\pw; Ahs\ \nev°pamdm°phm≥

I¿Ømhn∂p Ignbpat√m.

275

14:1

NASB ""F∂m¬ Ahs‚ A`n{]mbßfnt∑¬ hn[n Iev]n°pI F∂ e£yan-√msX''

NKJV ""F∂m¬ kwibhnjbßfn¬ X¿°n-°msX''

NRSV ""F∂m¬ A`n{]mbßfpsS ta¬ iWvTbnSpI F∂ e£y-an-√msX''

TEV ""Ah-cpsS hy‡n-]-c-amb A`n-{]m-b-ß-sf-°p-dn®p X¿°n-°msX''

NJB ""Hcp hmZ-{]-Xn-hmZw Bcw-`n-°msX''

hnizmknIƒ Xo¿®bmbpw Xßƒ hntbmPn°p∂ a‰v hnizmknIsf am‰phm≥ {ian°msX Ahsc

]q¿Æambpw kzoIcn°Ww! CXv Bhiys∏Sp∂Xv ASnt®ev]n°p∂ Hcp sFIya√, ]ns∂tbm

Iq´mbvabpsS ASnÿm\sat∂mWw a\km£nbpsS kzmX{¥yamWv. F√m hnizmknIfpw hf¿∂p-sIm-

≠n-cn-°p-I-bmW. Ah¿ Xo¿®bmbpw Bflmhn\v {]h¿Øn°phm\pw HmtcmcpØscbpw ]IzXbnte°v

cq]s∏SpØphm\pw kabw sImSp°Ww. F∂m¬ ]IzXbn¬ t]mepw Ah¿ F√mhcpw tbmPn°pIbn√.

NASB, NKJV ""hnizmkØn¬ _elo\\mbhs\''

NRSV, TEV ""hnizmkØn¬ _elo\cmb-hsc''

NJB ""Hcp hy‡nbpsS hnizmkw th≠{X i‡as√¶n¬''

{Ko°p ]mT-Øn¬ H∂m-aXp tN¿Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS Cu ssien°v Du∂¬ sImSpØncn°p∂p.

B£cnIambn CXv ""hnizmkØn¬ _elo\w'' F∂m-Wv. CXv Hcp PohnXcoXnbpsS khntijXbm-

sW∂ kXysØbmWv h¿Øam\Imew A¿∞am°p∂Xv. \nbahmZ]camb Hcp am\knImhÿ-

sbbmWv CXv A¿∞am°p∂Xv. A[nIw \njvI¿jbp≈ hnizmknIsf Cu A[ymbØn¬ aq∂p

hn[ØnembmWv hnhcn®ncn°p∂Xv.

1. `£WØns‚ hne°pIƒ (H.-t\m. 14:2,6,21).

2. {]tXyI Znhkßƒ°v Du∂¬sImSp°¬ (H.-t\m. 14:5˛6)

3. ho™ns‚ hne°v (H.-t\m. 14:17,21).

CtX hn[Ønep≈ hy‡nsb∏‰n tdma. 15:1 epw sImcn. 8:9˛13; 9:22epw kqNn∏n®n´p≠v. \nßsfØs∂

hfsc thKØn¬ i‡cmb As√¶n¬ Ai‡cmb {InkvXym\nIƒ F∂v Xcw Xncn°mXncn°m≥

kq£n°pI. an°t∏mgpw hnizmknIƒ Hcp taJebn¬ _elo\cpw thsdmcp taJebn¬ i‡cpamWv.

Cu Imcyßfnep≈ ]usemkns‚ at\m`mhw Kem. 4:9˛10 epw sImsem. 2:16˛23 `mKØpw hfsc

hyXykvXamWv. Cu thZ`mKßƒ Zpcp]tZiI∑mcpsS at\m`mhßsfbpw ]Tn∏n°epIsfbpw {]Xn^-

en∏n°p∂p. tdmamteJ\Øn¬ Ch¿ A[nIw \njvI¿jm a\ m£nbp≈ \n¿hymP hnizmknIfmWv.

\nch[n hymJymXm°fpw Nn¥n°p∂Xv ""hnizmkØn¬ _elo\cmbh¿'' kqNn∏n°p∂Xv sblqZ

hnizmknIsfbpw (sblqZ aX-hm-Zn-Iƒ) sblqZ d∫n ]mcºcyØn¬ \n∂pw Ah¿ a\ nem°nbncp∂

tamsibpsS \ymb{]amWØns‚ (AXm. X¬aq-Zv) A\p-k-cWw XpScWw F∂ Ah-cpsS \n¿_-‘-sØ-

bp-amWv. CXv #1, #2, \v A\ptbmPyambncn°p∂p, F∂m¬ CXv #3 tbmSv tbmPn°p∂n√. Cu ImcWØm¬

Rm≥ Nn¥n°p∂Xv Hcp {]tXyI C\w hy‡nXzw Cu ]›mØetØmSv IqSpX¬ \∂mbn tbmPn°p∂p

F∂mWv. CXv ]gb BNmcßƒ i‡amb kzm[o\w sNepØp∂ sblqZtcm PmXnItfm Bb

hnizmknIsf∏‰nbmhmw ]cma¿in°p∂Xv.

NASB ""Ct∏mƒ kzoIcn°''

NKJV ""kzoIcn°''

NRSV, TEV ""kzmKXw sNøpI''

NJB ""Hcp kzmKXw \¬IpI''

CXv Hcp h¿Ø-am-\-Ime a[y hn[n-cq-]-amWv BWv (5:1). hnjbØnt∑¬ Du∂¬ sImSpØpsIm≠v

XpS¿∂psIm≠ncn°p∂ Hcp Iev]\bmWnXv. {Ko°v {Inbbn¬ k¿Δ\maamb "\o' D≠v. F∂m¬ Cw•ojn¬

B [z\n hcp-∂Xpw ""i‡cmb'' {InkvXym\nIsf∏‰n ]cma¿in°p∂XpamWv. tdmanse k`bnep≈ c≠v

hn`mKßsf CXv kqNn∏n°p∂p. CXv (1) hnizmknIfmb sblqZ∑mcpw PmXnIfpw XΩnep≈

kwL¿jtØmtSm (H.-t\m. 15:7˛21) (2) hyXykvX hy‡nXzß-fp≈ P\ßtfmtSm _‘s∏´XmImw. Cu

apgph≥ ]›mØehpw ImWn°p∂Xv i‡cmb Nnecpw hnizmkØn¬ _elo\cmb Nnecpapƒs∏Sp∂

\n¿hymPcmb kXy hnizmknIsfbmWv. ChnsS hnizmkw D]tbmKn°s∏´ncn°p∂Xv kphntijsØbpw

AXns‚ auenIhpw ]pXnbXpamb kzmX{¥y kqN\Isfbpw a\ nem°pI F∂ A¿∞ØnemWv.

276

{]tXyI ]T\hnjbw: _elo\XChnsSbmWv sshcp≤yw. Zpcp]tZiI¿ AhcpsS tbmKyXIfnepw {]XypØcw ]dbp∂ coXnbnepw

{]iwkn°p∂p. F∂m¬ ""_elo\X''bpsS aqeyw ]usemkn\dnbmw. (AkvsXs\tbm˛asqenewasqenewasqenewasqenewasqenew)

Cu ]Z{]tbmKßfpw AYhm AhbpsS cq]ßfpw F{XtØmfw 1, 2 sImcn¥yteJ\ßfn¬

D]tbmKn®ncn°p∂psh∂v {i≤n°pI.

{]iwkn°pI _elo\X

1 sImcn. 1:29, 31 1 sImcn. 1:25,27

3:21 2:3

4:7 4:10

5:6 8:7,9,10,11,12

9:15,16 9:22

2 sImcn. 1:12,14 11:30

5:12 (c≠p XhW) 12:22

7:4,14 (c≠p XhW) 15:43

8:24 2 sImcn. 10:10

9:2,3 11:21, 29, 30

10:8,13,15,16,17 12:5,9,10 (c≠p XhW)

11:12,16,17,18,30 13:3,4(c≠p XhW), 9

12:1,5,6,9

\nch[n hyXykvX hn[ßfn¬ ]usemkv _elo\X F∂ BibsØ D]tbmKn°p∂p.

1. ssZhsØ _elo\X, 1 sImcn. 1:25

2. temIØn≥ _elo\ambXv, 1 sImcn. 1:27

3. ]usemkns‚ _elo\Xbpw `bhpw, 1 sImcn. 2:3; 9:22; 2 sImcn. 11:29, 30; 12:5

4. ]usemkpw Xs‚ anj\dn Soapw, 1 sImcn. 4:10; 2 sImcn. 11:21

5. _elo\ hnizmkn (H.-t\m. tdma. 14:1-˛15:13), 1 sImcn. 8:7,9,10,11,12; 9:22

6. imcocnI tcmKw,1 sImcn. 11:30

7. a\pjyicocØns‚ Ahbhßƒ, 1 sImcn. 12:22

8. ùXnI icocw 1 sImcn. 15:43

9. ]usemkns‚ imcocnI km∂n[yw As√¶n¬ {]`m-jW IgnhpIƒ, 2 sImcn. 10:10

10. ]usemkns‚ _elo\X ssZhØns‚ i‡nsb hn]peoIcn®p, 2 sImcn. 12:9,10; 13:4,9

11. ]usemkneqsSbp≈ {InkvXphns‚ ktμiw, 2 sImcn. 13:3

12. {InkvXphns‚ ùXnI icocw, 2 sImcn. 13:4

14:2 Cu hmIyØn¬ ]cma¿in®ncn°p∂ `£W{Iaw aX]camb e£yßƒ°p th≠nbp≈XmWv.

A√msX BtcmKyØn\v th≠nbp≈X√. Cu £W{]iv\w Db¿∂ncp∂Xv km[yamb c≠v DdhnSßfn¬

\n∂pamWv. (1) sblqZy `£W\nbaßƒ (tehy. 11) AYhm (2) PmXobaX hn{Klßƒ°v _en

Ign®ncp∂ amwkw (1 sImcn. 8˛10). Hcp hy‡nsb aen\am°p∂Xv `£Was√∂v tbip hy‡ambn

]Tn∏n®p (aØm. 15:10˛20; a¿s°m. 7:14-˛23). As∏m. {]hr. 10 se sIm¿∂teymknt\mS\p_‘n®p≈

]s{Xmkns‚ Z¿i\Øns‚ hnhcWØn¬ Cu kXyw hnhcn®n´p≠v.

14:3 ""Xn∂p-∂-h≥ Xn∂mØhs\ hn[n°cpXv'' ""hn[n°cpXv'' F∂Xv \S∂psIm≠ncn°p∂ Hcp {]hrØn

\n¿ØpI F∂v A¿∞ap≈ s\K‰ohv]m¿ń°nfnt\msSm∏ap≈ FUvkpsXs\tbm (ezuqenewezuqenewezuqenewezuqenewezuqenew) bpsS

Hcp h¿Ø-am-\-Ime I¿Øcn hn[n-cq-]amWv. ""hn[n°pI'' (Ip‰w hn[n°pI) F∂m¬ B£cnIambn

""shfn®Øm°pI,'' ""hn[n°pI,'' AYhm ""hnesI´Xmbn FÆpI'' F∂mWv (14:10; eqs°m. 18:9; 1 sImcn.

6:4; 16:11; 2 sImcn. 10:10; Kem. 4:14; 1 sX . 5:20). hnizmknIƒ Xo¿®bmbpw kzb-˛-\o-Xn-s°-Xn-cmbn Xß-sf-

Øs∂ kq£n°Ww. hnizmkØn¬ i‡cmbh¿ hnizmkØn¬ _elo\cmbhsc hn[n°cpXv.

""hn[n°pI'' CXv \S∂psIm≠ncn°p∂ Hcp {]hrØn \n¿ØpI F∂¿∞w hcp∂ s\K‰ohv LS-I-

tØmSpIqSnb Hcp h¿Ø-am-\-Ime I¿Øcn hn[n-cq-]amWv. hnizmkØn¬ _elo\cmbh¿ Xo¿®bmbpw

XßtfmSv hntbmPn°p∂ ktlmZc∑mcpsStbm ktlmZcnamcpsStbm {]hrØnIsf hn[n°p∂Xv

\n¿ØWw.

277

""ssZhw Ahs\ ssIs°m≠ncn-°p∂pht√m'' CXv Hcp `qX-Ime a[y kqN-IamWv. hmIyw 1 ¬

CtX ]Zw ""kzoIcn°pI'' F∂v X¿÷a sNbvXncn°p∂p. hnizmknIƒ At\ym\yw kzoIcn°p∂Xn\p-

≈ ASnÿm\w ssZhw {InkvXphneqsS Ahsc kzoIcn®ncn°p∂psh∂p≈XmWv (15:7). Cu ]›mØ-

eØn¬ hm. 3 t\cn´v kwkmcn°p∂Xv hnizmkØn¬ _elo\cmb A[nIw \njvI¿jbp≈

hnizmknItfmSmWv.

14:4 ""Zmk≥'' CXv Hmbnt°mkv (oikojoikojoikojoikojoikoj) F∂ ]ZØn¬ \n∂pw cq]s∏´ Hmbns°‰nkv (oikethjoikethjoikethjoikethjoikethj) F∂

]ZamWv. Hmbnt°mkv (oikojoikojoikojoikojoikoj) F∂Xn\¿∞w ""hoSv'' F∂mWv. AXpsIm≠v CXv Hcp hońse ASna

AYhm Zmk\mWv (eqs°m. 16:13; {]hr. 10:7; tdma. 14:14; 1 ]s{Xm. 2:18). sk]v‰zPn‚n¬ CXv Cu A¿∞Øn¬

D]tbmKn®ncn°p∂p (Dev]. 9:25; 27:37; 44:16,33; 50:18). CXv ]pXnb\nbaØn¬ ASn-a-Isf kqNn-∏n-°m≥

apJy-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ Uyqtemkv (dulojdulojdulojdulojduloj) F∂ ]Za√. CXv hońse Zmk∑mscbpw ASnaIsfbpw

kqNn∏n°p∂p.

]usemkns‚ ChnSpsØ hmZw Hmtcm hnizmknbpw {InkvXphns‚ Hcp ASnatbm Zmkt\m

BsW∂mWv. Ah\mWv AhcpsS ""I¿Ømhv'' am{Xa√ Ah≥, Ah≥ am{Xw, Ahsc D]tZin°pIbpw

Ahsc AhcpsS {]hrØnIƒ°pw e£yßƒ°pw DØchmZnIfmbn \n¿ØpIbpw sNøpw (H.-t\m. 2

sImcn. 5:10).

""Ah≥ \n¬°p∂tXm hogp∂tXm kz¥ bPam\\s{X'' Cu ]›mØeØn¬ ]usemkv

A`nkwt_m[\ sNøp∂Xv A[nIw \njvI¿jbp≈hscbmWv. F∂m¬ {]kvXmh\ hy‡ambpw Ccp

`mKßsfbpw kqNn∏n°p∂p. hnizmknIƒ AhcpsS kz¥IÆpIfn¬ \n∂p Xs∂ tImseSp°p∂-

Xmbncn°pw A[nIw \√Xv (H.-t\m. aØm. 7:1˛15).

""Ah≥ \n¬°pw Xm\pw; Ahs\ \n¬°pamdm°phm≥ I¿Ømhn\p Ignbpat√m'' CXv

B¤pXIcamb Hcp hmKvZØambncp∂p (H.-t\m. 5:1˛2; bqZm 24-˛25). CXn¬ Hmtcm hnizmknbpsSbpw

klIcWhpw Dƒs∏Sp∂p (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 15:1˛2). 5:2 se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw: \nev]v ImWpI.

Cu hnjbØn¬ {Ko°v ssIsøgpØp {]XnIfn¬ hyXym-k-ap-≠v. NKJV D]tbmKn°p∂ henb£c

IsøgpØp {]XnIfmb D, F, G, 048, 0150 AXpt]mse Xs∂ hƒtK‰nepw ""ssZhw'' (sXtbmkv) BWp≈Xv,

F∂m¬ IsøgpØp {]XnIfmb P46, a, B, C, D F∂nhbn¬ ""I¿Ømhv'' (Ipdntbmkv) F∂mWp≈Xv.

""I¿Ømhv'' F∂-Xn\v UBS4 “A”td‰nwKv (Dd-∏p-≈-Xv) \¬Ip∂p

tdma¿ 14:5˛95Hcph≥ Hcp ZnhksØ°mƒ as‰mcp ZnhksØ am\n°p∂p; thsdmcph≥ kIe Znhk-

ßsfbpw am\n°p∂p; HmtcmcpØ≥ Xm¥ms‚ a\ n¬ Dsd®ncn°s´. 6ZnhksØ

BZcn°p∂h≥ I¿Ømhn∂mbn BZcn°p∂p; Xn∂p∂h≥ I¿Ømhn∂mbn Xn∂p∂p; Ah≥

ssZhsØ kvXpXn°p∂pht√m; Xn∂mØh≥ I¿Ømhn∂mbn Xn∂mXncn°p∂p; Ah\pw

ssZhsØ kvXpXn°p∂p. 7\Ωn¬ Bcpw X\n°mbn Xt∂ Pohn°p∂n√; Bcpw X\n°mbn

Xt∂ acn°p∂Xpan√. 8Pohn°p∂p F¶n¬ \mw I¿Ømhn∂mbn Pohn°p∂p; acn°p∂p F¶n¬

I¿Ømhn∂mbn acn°p∂p; AXpsIm≠p Pohn°p∂p F¶nepw acn°p∂p F¶nepw \mw

I¿Ømhn∂p≈h¿ Xt∂.

14:5 ""Hcph≥ Hcp ZnhksØ°mƒ as‰mcp ZnhksØ am\n°p∂p.'' Nne BfpIƒ C∂pw aXhnizm-

ksØ kw_‘n®v Ie≠¿ t_m[ap≈hcmWv (AXmbXv Nne Znhkßƒ AYhm hm¿jnI kw`hßƒ,

Kem. 4:10; sImsem. 2:16˛17). F√m Znhkhpw Xpeyambn ssZhØn\p≈XmWv. Hcp khntij Znhkßfpw

C√. ""aX\nct]£ambXpw'' hnip≤ambXpw'' C√. F√mw hnip≤amWv.

""HmtcmcpØ≥ Xm¥ms‚ a\ n¬ Dd®ncn°s´'' CXv Hcp h¿Ø-am-\-Ime I¿ΩWn hn[n-cq-]amWv.

Cu taJebnse kam[m\Øns‚ Xmt°m¬ CXmWv. hnizmknIfpsS hy‡n]camb t_m[yßfmWv

AhcpsS {]hrØnIfpsS ap≥KW\ (hm. 23). F∂m¬ as‰√m hnizmknIƒ°pa√. ssZhw Pohn°p∂Xv

Hcp ssZhimkv{X s]ńbnepa√, Fs‚ ssZhimkv{Xw ssZhØnt‚Xmbncn°Wsa∂n√.

14:6 ""I¿Øm-hn-\mbn'' Cu I¿Ω hn`-‡n-bpsS ssien hm. 6¬ c≠p Xh-Wbpw hm. 8 ¬ c≠p Xh-

Wbpw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. \n¿hymP hnizm-kn-IfpsS PohnXssien-bpsS F√m sXc-s™-Sp∏pw ""ssZh-

Øn-\mbn'' B-bn-cn-°Ww (F-s^. 6:7; sImsem. 3:23). A√msX shdpw hy‡n-]-c-amb Xmev]-cy-ßfpw

k`mhn`m-K-]-chpw IpSpw-_-]-c-hp-amb ]mc-º-cy-ßfpw As√-¶n¬ A`n-{]m-b-ßfpw Bbn-cn-°-cpXv!

14:7 ""\Ωn¬ Bcpw X\n-°mbn Xs∂ Pohn-°p-∂n√'' Hcp {InkvXym-\nbpw Xo¿Øpw thdn´p \n¬°p∂

Hcp-h-\-√. {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ H∂m-a-Xmbpw {][m-\-ambpw {InkvXp-hn-\mbn Pohn-°p∂p (hm. 8). hnizmknI-

fpsS {]hrØn-Iƒ a‰p-≈-hsc _m[n-°p-∂p. Ah¿ al-Ømb Hcp Bflob IpSpw-_-Øns‚ `mK-am-Wv.

278

AXp-sIm≠v Ah¿ Xo¿®-bmbpw Ah-cpsS hy‡n-]-c-amb kzmX-{¥ysØ kvt\l-Øn¬ ]cn-an-X-s∏-Sp-

ØWw (1 sImcn. 10:24,27˛33). Ah¿ Xo¿®-bmbpw a‰p-≈-hsc hy‡n-]-c-amb kzmX-{¥y-Øn-te°v hf-cp-

hm≥ A\p-h-Zn-°-Ww. \nb-a-hmZw ssZhn-I-a-√mØ kzb-\o-Xn-bn-te°v \bn-°p-∂p. tbip-hns‚ G‰hpw

]pcp-j-amb hm°p-Ifpw Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Ifpw kzb-\o-Xn°m-cmb ]coi∑m¿°p t\sc-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

14:8 ""F¶n¬... F¶n¬'' km[y-amb `mhn-Ime {]hr-Ønsb A¿∞-am-°p∂ c≠v aq∂mwXc tkm]m-[nI

hmN-I-ß-fmWv Ch. hnizm-kn-Iƒ kw`-hy-amb hcp-hm-\p≈ F√m-‰nepw I¿Øm-hns\ tkhn-°p-∂p.

14:9 ""acn-®-h¿°pw Pohn-®n-cn°p∂h¿°pw I¿Ømhv'' CXv Cu ]ZßfpsS Akm-[m-c-W-amb {Iao-I-c-

W-am-Wv. Ah-bpsS {Iaw tbip-hns‚ ac-W-sØbpw ]p\-cp-∞m-\-sØbpw {]Xn- -en-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-Imw. Ct∏mƒ

Ah≥ c≠p afi-e-ß-fp-sSbpw ]-c-am-[n-Im-cn-bm-Wv.

Cu kXyw, hnizm-kn-Iƒ F¥p-sIm≠v Xßƒ°p th≠n Pohn-°-cpXv ]ns∂tbm a‰p-≈-h¿°p-th-

≠nbpw Pohn-°Ww F∂-Xns‚ ssZh-imkv{X ImcW-sØ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. Ah¿ Ah¿°p-≈-h-c√,

Ah¿ Hcp hne-bm¬ hmß-s∏-´ncn°p∂p. Ah¿ Xß-fpsS ]m]-ßƒ°mbn acn® tbip-hns‚ Zmk-∑m-cm-

Wv. BI-bm¬ Ah¿ C\n Zmk-∑m-cm-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv ]m]-Øn-\√ ssZh-Øn-\s{X (tdm-a. 6). hnizm-kn-Iƒ

Xß-fpsS kzb˛tI{μo-IrX B{K-l-ßsf acn-∏n-®p-sIm≠v tbip-hns‚ kvt\l-tk-h\ Pohn-XsØ A\p-

I-cn®v BPoh-\m-¥ tkh-\w \S-ØWw (2 sImcn. 5:14˛15; Kem. 2:20; tbml. 3:16).

tdma¿ 14:10-˛1210F∂m¬ \o ktlmZcs\ hn[n°p∂Xp F¥p? A√, \o ktlmZcs\ [n°cn°p∂Xp

F¥p? \mw F√mhcpw ssZhØns‚ \ymbmk\Øn∂p apºmsI \nevt°≠nhcpw. 11""F∂mW

Fs‚ apºn¬ F√m apg¶mepw aSßpw, F√m\mhpw ssZhsØ kvXpXn°pw F∂p I¿Ømhp

Acpfns®øp∂p'' F∂p FgpXnbncn°p∂pht√m. 12BIbm¬ \Ωn¬ HmtcmcpØ≥ ssZhtØmSp

IW°p t_m[n∏nt°≠nhcpw.

14:10 ""F∂m¬ \o'' CXv Du∂en\mbn BZyw tN¿Øn-cn-°p-∂p.

hm. 10 se c≠p tNmZy-ßƒ hm. 1˛12 s‚ {i≤m-tI-{μ-am-Wv. hm. 3 ¬ ]cm-a¿in-®n-cn-°p∂ c≠p Iq´sc

ho≠pw hncp-≤-K-a-Øn¬ s]Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Hcp Iq-´¿ ""hn[n-°p-∂p,'' at‰ Iq´¿ ""[n°-cn-°p-∂p.'' c≠p

at\m-`m-h-ßfpw ""Zmk-∑m¿°p'' tbmPn-®-X√! Ah-cpsS bP-am-\-\mb tbip-{InkvXp am{X-amWv ""hn[n-°p-

hm\pw'' ""[n°-cn-°p-hm\pw'' tbmKy-X-bp-≈-h≥. hnizm-kn-Iƒ \ymbwhn-[n-°p-∂-hcmIp-∂Xv (1) ssZh-Øns‚

]Z-hnsb Ih¿s∂-Sp-°p-∂Xpw (2) {]mY-an-I-am-bXpw A]q¿Æhpw BWv.

""\mw F√m-hcpw ssZh-Øns‚ \ymbm-k-\-Øn\p apºmsI \n¬t°≠n hcpw'' CtX kXyw Xs∂

2 sImcn. 5:10 ¬ {]I-Sn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Xßƒ Fß-s\-bmWv ]c-kv]cw s]cp-am-dn-b-sX∂v hnizm-kn-Iƒ

I¿Øm-hn-t\mSv hni-Zo-I-cn-t°≠n-hcpw. ssZhnI \ymbm-[n-]-\mbn tbip {]h¿Øn°pw (a-Øm. 25:31˛46).

NKJV ¬ ""{InkvXp-hns‚ \ymbm-k-\w'' F∂mWv. KJV sb ]n≥Xm-ßp∂ {Ko°v Isø-gpØp {]Xn-I-

fm-Wv ]pcm-X\ {Ko°v hen-b-£c ssIsø-gpØp {]Xn-I-fmb a2, C2. IsøgpØp {]XnIƒ a, B, C, D, FF∂nh-bn¬ sXtbmkv F∂mWv. 2 sImcn. 5:10 t\mSv tbmPn-®p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xn-\mbn ]I¿s∏-gp-Øp-Im¿ {Ko°v

aqe-hm-IysØ am‰n-b-Xm-Im≥ km[y-X-bp-≠v. {InkvXp-hns\ kw_-‘n-®p≈ BZna ho£-W-amb ""AtUm-

]vj-\nk''sØ FXn¿°p-∂-Xmbn ]I¿s∏-gpØpIm¿ Cu hmIysØ am‰n-b-Xm-bn-cn-°m\pw km[y-X-bp-

≠v. aqe-hm-IysØ IqSp-X¬ bmYm-ÿn-Xn-I-am-°n- Xo¿°m≥ \n¿Ωn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xmb \nc-h[n aqe-{K-

Ÿm-\p-km-c-am-b hyXy-kvX-Iƒ ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p≠v (_m¿´v Un. Flv¿ams‚ Zn Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv Id]vj≥

Hm^v kv{In]v®¿, 1993 ¬ HmIvkvt^m¿Uv bpWn-th-gvkn‰n {] v {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®-Xv, t]Pv 90˛91). sXtbmkv

\v UBS4 “B”td‰nwKv (G-Xm≠v Dd-∏p-≈-Xv) \¬Ip∂p.

14:11 ""F∂p Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂p-ht√m'' CXv Hcp h¿Øam\Ime I¿ΩnWn kqNIamWv. ]gb \nbaØnse

ssZh-izm-kob D≤-c-Wn-Isf hnh-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp∂ Hcp khn-ti-j-amb F{_mb `mjm

ssienbmbn-cp∂p CXv. CXv ^nen. 2:10˛11 `mKØpw D≤-cn-®n-cn-°p∂ sbi. 45:23 s‚ Hcp ]tcm£ kqN-\-

bm-Wv.

""F∂mW'' CXv ssZh-Øns‚ DS-ºSn \ma-amb btlmh F∂-Xn-t∑-ep≈ Hcp BWbm-Wv. btlmh

F∂Xv ""Bbn-cn-°pI'' F∂ F{_mb {Inb-bpsS Hcp cq]-amWv (]p-d. 3:14). Ah≥ Fs∂-t∂°pw Pohn-

°p∂ Htc-sbmcp Poh-\p≈ ssZh-am-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v Ah≥ Ahs‚ Aÿn-XzsØ sNm√nØs∂ BW-

bn-Sp-∂p. 9:29 se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw: ssZh-Øn-\p≈ t]cp-Iƒ ImWpI.

14:12 ""BI-bm¬ \Ωn¬ Hmtcm-cp-Ø≥ ssZh-tØmSp IW-°p- t_m-[n-∏n-t°≠nhcpw'' {InkvXym-\n-

Iƒ \ymbw hn[n-°-s∏Spw (2 sImcn. 5:10). hna¿i-I-cmb ktlm-Z-c-ßƒ AXns‚ `mK-am-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw

279

sNøpw. Nne ]pcm-X\ {Ko°v ssIsø-gpØp {]Xn-Iƒ ""ssZh-tØmSp'' F∂Xv Hgn-hm-°p-∂p. ]›m-Ø-e-

Øm¬ CXv kqNn-∏n-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p. Cu hyXykvXX, hm. 10 se hyXy-kvX-X-IfpsS kzm[o-\ØmemImw.

CXns‚ Dƒs∏-Sp-Ø-en\v (IsøgpØp {]XnIƒ a, A, C , D F∂nh) UBS4 “C”td‰nwKv (Xocp-am-\n-°m≥

{]bmkw) \¬Ip∂p.

tdma¿ 14:13˛23 s‚ ]›m-Øe Dƒ°m-gvN-IƒA. {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ At\ym\yw Fßs\ s]cp-am-dWw F∂ hnjbw hm. 1˛12 ¬ XpS-ßp-∂p. Ah¿°v

F√m XcØn-ep-ap≈ {InkvXym-\n-Isf kzoI-cn-t°-≠-Xp≠v F∂ kXyØn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-am-Wn-Xv.

F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬ Ah-cpsS Htc-sbmcp bP-am-\-\mb {InkvXp Ccphn`m-K-ß-sfbpw ]q¿Æ-ambn

kzoI-cn-°p-∂p. an°-t∏mgpw Xß-fpsS `qX-Im-ew, hy‡nXz C\w, amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ, hy‡n-]-c-amb

Xmev]-cy-ßƒ, A\p-`-h-ßƒ apX-em-bh \nanØw Nne Bflob Imcy-ßƒ Hcp hn`m-K-Øn\v khn-

ti-j-X-bp-≈-Xm-bn-cn-°pw, F∂m¬ Ah ssZh-Øn\v khn-tijXbp-≈-h-b-√.

B. {InkvXob kzmX-{¥y-sØbpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-sØbpw kw_-‘n-°p∂ N¿®-bp≈ c≠m-asØ `mKw

Cu hnj-bsØ as‰mcp ho£-W-tIm-W-n¬ \n∂pw ]ptcm-K-an-∏n-°p-∂p. Cu hmIy-ß-fn¬ hnizm-kn-

bpsS {InkvXp-hn¬ ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ kvt\l-am-Wv Ah-s\tbm Ah-sftbm kl{InkvXym-\n-Isf

kvt\ln-°p-∂-Xn\v DtØ-Pn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. tbip hnizm-kn-Iƒ°pth≠n Poh≥ h®pIf-™-Xp-t]mse

Ahcpw Ah-cpsS kzmX{¥yw B¿°p-th≠n {InkvXp acnt®m Ah¿°p th≠n (a‰v hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v

th≠n) sh®p If-bWw (2 sImcn. 5:13; 1 tbml. 3:16). {InkvXob Pohn-X-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\ e£y-

sa∂ \ne-bn¬ kvt\l-Øn-t∑-ep≈ Du∂¬ sImSp-°¬ 13:8˛10 se Ahn-izm-kn-I-tfm-Sp≈ _‘-

ß-fnepw ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p.

C. ùXnI temI-Øn-ep≈ F√m Imcy-ßfpw ip≤-am-sW∂ kXyw AwKo-I-cn-°p-hm≥ Nne {InkvXym-

\n-Iƒ°v hfsc _p≤n-ap-´m-Wv. an°-t∏mgpw hnizm-kn-Iƒ t]mepw ]m]-Øns‚ Ip‰w Xßƒ°p

]Icw Imcy-ß-fn-t∑¬ hbv°p∂p (A-Xm-bXv aZy ]nim-Nv). kI-eXpw ip≤-am-sW-∂mWv ]usemkv

Bh¿Øn®v ÿm]n-°p-∂Xv (14:14,20; 1 sImcn. 6:12; 10:25-˛26; 1 Xnsam. 4:4; XosØm. 1:15). `£-WsØ

kw_-‘n-®p≈ a¿s°m. 7:18˛23 se tbip-hns‚ ]Tn-∏n-°-ep-I-fpsS XpS¿®-bmWv Xs‚ {]kvXm-

h\Iƒ. {]hr. 10:15 ¬ ip≤hpw Aip-≤-hp-amb `£-WsØ sIm¿∂-seym-kns\ ssZhw kzoI-cn-

°p-∂-Xns‚ Hcp hnh-cWw ]s{Xm-kn\p \¬Ip-∂-Xn\mWv D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

D. Cu `mKw {]mY-an-I-ambpw A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂Xv Hcp ""i‡\mb ktlm-Z-cs\'' bmWv.

""F√mw ip≤-amWv'' F∂ {]kvXm-h-\-bpsS ]IpXn kXysØ ]usemkv kΩ-Xn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂p,

F∂m¬ F√m Imcy-ßfpw ssZh-Øns‚ IpSpw-_sØ ]Wn-bp-Itbm Bfln-tbm-∂Xn hcp-Øp-Itbm

sNøp-∂n√ F∂v Iqń-t®¿°p∂p (1 sImcn. 6:12; 10:23). i-‡-cmb ktlm-Z-c-∑m-cpsS kzmX{¥yw a‰v

hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v \mi-Im-c-W-am-Imw. {InkvXp-hn-eq-sSbpw {InkvXp-hn\v th≠n-bpw XßfpsS Iq´p-hn-

izm-kn-I-fpsS kq£n-∏p-Im-cm-Wv hnizm-kn-Iƒ.

E. ""_e-lo-\-\mb ktlm-Z-c≥'' Hcp ""i‡-\mb kmtlm-Zc'' \mIp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Hcp Bflnb {]{Inb-

bn-em-sW∂v ]usemkv ÿm]n-°p-Itbm kqNn-∏n-°p-Itbm sNøp-∂n√ F∂Xpw hfsc ck-I-c-am-

Wv. Cu N¿® apgp-h\pw A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNøp-∂Xv Ir]-bn¬ hf-cp-∂-Xn-s\-b-√, ]ns∂tbm hyXy-

kvX-ß-fmb {InkvXob [mc-W-I-fpsS a[y-Øn-ep≈ kvt\l-Øns‚ ap≥K-W-\-bm-Wv. ""icntbm''

""sXt‰m'' F∂-Xn-ep-]cn Cu {Kq∏pIfn-sem-∂n¬ D≈ hnizm-kn-I-fpsS Dƒs∏-S¬ ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-ń-cn-

°p-∂Xv A[n-Ihpw hy‡nXz C\-Ønepw aX-]-c-amb ]cn-io-e-\-Ønepw hy‡n-]-c-amb A\p-`-h-ß-

fn-ep-am-Wv. hnizm-kn-bpsS tPmen a‰p-≈-hsc hyXym-k-s∏-Sp-ØpI F∂p-≈-X√ ]ns∂tbm as‰- hn-

`m-KsØ kvt\ln-°p-Ibpw _lp-am-\n-°pIbpw sNøpI F∂-Xm-Wv. CXv a\- n-s‚-b-√, lrZ-b-

Øns‚ Hcp {]iv\-amWv. ssZhw F√m a\p-jy-h¿§-sØbpw kvt\ln-°p-Ibpw kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw

sNøp-Ibpw Xs‚ -]p-{Xs\ Ccp-hn-`m-K-ßƒ°pw th≠n Xcn-Ibpw sNbvXp.

]Z, ssieo ]T\w

tdma¿ 14:13-˛2313AXpsIm≠p \mw C\n At\ym\yw hn[n°cpXp; ktlmZc∂p CS¿®tbm XSßtem

sh°mXncn∏m≥ am{Xw Dsd®psImƒhn≥. 14bmsXm∂pw kzXsh aen\a√ F∂p Rm≥ I¿Øm-

hmb tbiphn¬ Adn™pw Dsd®pancn°p∂p. h√Xpw aen\w F∂p FÆp∂h∂p am{Xw AXp

aen\w BIp∂p. 15\ns‚ `£Ww \nanØw ktlmZcs\ hyk\n∏n®m¬ \o kvt\l{]Imcw

\S°p∂n√. B¿°p th≠n {InkvXp acn®pthm Ahs\ \ns‚ `£WwsIm≠p \in∏n°cpXp.

280

16\nßfpsS \s∑°p ZqjWw hcpØcpXp. 17ssZhcmPyw `£Whpw ]m\obhpa√, \oXnbpw

kam[m\hpw ]cnip≤mflmhn¬ kt¥mjhpw At{X. 18AXn¬ {InkvXphns\ tkhn°p∂h≥

ssZhsØ {]kmZn∏n°p∂h\pw a\pjy¿°p sIm≈mhp∂h\pw Xt∂. 19BIbm¬ \mw kam[m-

\Øn∂pw At\ym\yw BflnI h¿≤s\°pw D≈Xn∂p {ian®psImƒI. 20`£Ww\nanØw

ssZh\n¿ΩmWsØ Agn°cpXp. F√mw ip≤w Xt∂; F¶nepw CS¿® hcpØpamdp Xn∂p∂

a\pjy∂p AXp tZmjat{X. 21amwkw Xn∂msXbpw ho™p IpSn°msXbpw ktlmZc∂p CS¿®

hcpØp∂ bmsXm∂pw sNømsXbpw Ccn°p∂Xp \√Xp. 22\n\°p≈ hnizmkw ssZhk∂n[n-

bn¬ \n\°p Xt∂ Ccn°s´; Xm≥ kzoIcn°p∂Xn¬ Xs∂Øm≥ hn[n°mØh≥ `mKyhm≥.23F∂m¬ kwibn°p∂h≥ Xn∂p∂p F¶n¬ AXp hnizmkØn¬\n∂p D¤hn°mbvIsIm≠p

Ah≥ Ip‰°mc\mbncn°p∂p. hnizmkØn¬ \n∂p D¤hn°mØsXms°bpw ]m]at{X.

14:13 ""\mw C\n At\ym\yw hn[n-°-cpXv'' \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Hcp {]hrØn \n¿Øp-∂-Xns\ kqNn-∏n-

°p∂ s\K-‰ohv ]m¿ń-°n-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb Hcp h¿Øam\Ime I¿Øcn A\p-_-‘-am-Wn-Xv. CXv Hcp ap∂-dn-

bn-∏-√, ]ns∂tbm \ntcm-[-\-am-Wv. CXn\v hm. 16 t\mSv hfsc kmayap-≠v. hm. 1˛12 ¬ ""hn[n-°pI'' F∂

]Zw ]usem-kv 5 XhW t\csØ D]-tbm-Kn-®n´p-≠v. am{X-a√ Ct∏mƒ hm. 13˛23 ¬ \mep-X-hW IqsS D]-

tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

{]tXyI ]T\hnjbw:

hnizmknIƒ At\ym\yw hn[n°Wtam?c≠p hn[Øn¬ Cu hnjbw ssIImcyw sNømw

1. hnizmknIƒ At\ym\yw hn[n°cpXv F∂v Blzm\w sNbvXncn°p∂p (H.t\m. aØm. 7:1˛5;

eqs°m. 6:37,42; tdma. 2:1˛11; bmt°m. 4:11˛12)

2. hnizmknIƒ t\XrXzsØ hnebncpØm≥ Blzm\w sNbvXncn°p∂p (H.t\m. aØm. 7:6,15˛16;

1 sImcn. 14:29; 1 sX . 5:21; 1 Xnsam. 3:1˛13; 1 tbml. 4:1˛6)

icnbmb hnebncpØen\p≈ Nne am\Zfißƒ klmbIcambncn°pw.

1. hnebncpØ¬ ÿncoIcn°pI F∂ Dt±iytØmsS Bbncn°Ww (H.t\m. 1 tbml. 4:1-˛

AwKoIcn°pI F∂ ho£WØnep≈ ""]cntim[\'')

2. hnebncpØ¬ XmgvatbmsSbpw kuayXtbmsSbpw Bbncn°Ww (H.t\m. Kem. 6:1)

3. hnebncpØ¬ hy‡nXz ap≥KW\m hnjbßfn¬ {i≤ tI{μoIcn°p∂Xv Bbncn°cpXv

(H.t\m. tdma. 14:1˛23; 1 sImcn. 8:1˛13; 10:23˛33)

4. hnebncpØ¬ k`bn¬ \nt∂m kaqlØn¬ \nt∂m D≈ "A]hmZØn\p ImcWan√mØ'

t\Xm°sf Xncn®dnbp∂Xmbncnt°Ww (H.t\m. 1 Xnsam. 3)

""ktlmZc\p CS¿®tbm XSßtem shbv°mXncn∏m≥'' \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Hcp {]hrØn \n¿Øp-

∂-Xns\ kqNn-∏n-°p∂ s\K-‰ohv ]m¿ń-°n-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb Hcp h¿Øam\Ime I¿Øcn tIh-e-{In-bbm-Wn-

Xv. hm. 21 epw 1 sImcn. 8:9 epw CtX kXyw ÿm]n°s∏ńcn°p∂p.

hgn at[ybp≈ CSdphm\nSbm°p∂ GtXm H∂ns\bmWv ""XS-ß¬'' kqNn∏n°p∂Xv. ""CS¿®°√v''

B£cnIambn kqNn∏n°p∂Xv Nq≠¬ LSn∏n®n´p≈, Hcp tXm°ns‚ Im©nt]mep≈, arKsØ

IpSp°p∂Xn\p≈ D]IcWsØbm-Wv.

{InkvXym\nXzØn\v GtIm]n∏n®p≈ Hcp LSIap≠v. \mw \ΩpsS Iq´phnizmknIfpsS kwc£Icpw

t{]m’mlIcpw kvt\lnXcpamWv. hnizmkamWv IpSpw_w!

14:14 ""bmsXm∂pw kzXth aen\a√ F∂p'' CtX kXyw {]hr. 10:9˛16 ¬ hnhcn®n´p≠v. hkvXp°ƒ

H∂pw Xn∑b√, BfpIfmWv Xn∑. krjvSnbn¬ H∂pw AXnepw AXn¬Xs∂bpw Xn∑bmbncp∂n√ (hm.

20; a¿s°m. 7:18˛23; 1 sImcn. 10:25˛26; 1 Xnsam. 4:4; XosØm. 1:15).

NASB ""Rm≥ I¿Ømhmb tbiphn¬ Adn™pw Dd®pancn°p∂p''

NKJV ""Rm≥ I¿Ømhmb tbiphn\m¬ Adn™pw Dd®pancn°p∂p''

NRSV ""Rm≥ AdnbpIbpw I¿Ømhmb tbiphn¬ t{]cn∏n°s∏SpIbpw sNbvXncn°p∂p''

TEV ""I¿Ømhmb tbiphnt\mSp≈ Fs‚ sFIyX Fs∂ Dd∏p≈h\m°p∂p''

NJB ""Rm≥ Ct∏mƒ ]q¿Æambpw \∂mbn Adnbp∂p. am{Xa√ Xo¿®bmbpw Rm≥ I¿Ømhmb

281

tbiphn\p th≠n kwkmcn°p∂p''

CXv ]q¿Æ I¿ΩnWn kqN-I-tØm-sSm∏w Hcp h¿Øam\ ImeØns‚ A¿∞Øn¬ D]tbmKn®ncn°p-

∂ HmbnU (oida) bpsS Hcp ]q¿Æ I¿Øcn cq]amWv. B£cnIambn CXn\¿∞w ""Rm≥

Adn™psImt≠-bncn°p∂p, Dd-∏p-≈-h-\m-bn-cp∂p Ct∏mƒ XpS¿∂pw Dd-∏p-≈-h-\m-bn-s°m-t≠-bn-cn-°p∂p''

F∂m-Wv. hm. 5b bnsebpw 22˛23 sebpw kXyØns‚ Hcp ]p\x{]kvXmh\bmWnXv. Bflob

Imcyßsf∏‰n hnizmknIfpsS [mcW hcp∂Xv Ah¿°v ]cnip≤mflmhneqsS tbiphnt\mSp≈

_‘Øn¬ \n∂pamWv. Ah¿ Xo¿®bmbpw Ah¿°p e`n® shfn®Øn¬ Pohn°Ww.

""h√Xpw aen\w F∂p FÆp∂h\p am{Xw AXp aen\w BIp∂p'' aX]camb A¿∞ØnemWv

CXv aen\ambncn°p∂Xv. hnizmknIƒ XßfpsS {]hrØnIsf AhcpsS a\ m£nsIm≠v

hnebncpØWw (hm. 5,22˛23). Hcp hnjbsØ°pdnt®m, {]hrØnsb°pdnt®m Ah¿°v sX‰mb Hcdnhv

e`n®m¬ t]mepw ssZhapºmsI Ah¿°p e`n® shfn®Øn¬ Xs∂ Ah¿ Xo¿®bmbpw \S°Ww.

AtXmsSm∏w Xs∂ AhcpsS {]ImiØm¬ Ah¿ a‰p hnizknIsf hn[n°cpXv. {]tXyIn®v A¿∞w

hy‡a√mØ taJeIfn¬ (14:1,3,4,10,13).

14:15 ""\ns‚ `£Ww \nanØw ktlmZcs\ hyk\n∏n®m¬'' CXv Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚ ho£-W-Øn¬

kXy-am-btXm As√-¶n¬ Ahs‚ cN-t\m-t±-iy-Øn\p th≠n-bp-≈tXm Bb H∂mwXcw tkm]m-[nI hmN-

I-am-Wv. AhImißtfm DØchmZnØßtfm kzmX{¥ytam A√ \ΩpsS PohnXcoXnsb \n¿Æbn-

t°≠Xv, kvt\lamWv.

CXv H∂pIn¬ (1) sblqZ £W \nbaßtfmtSm (tehy. 11) As√¶n¬ (2) hn{Klßƒ°v _enIgn®

amwktØmtSm _‘s∏ńcn°p∂p (1 sImcn. 8˛10). hm. 20 Cu kXyw hy‡ambn {]ISam°p∂p.

""\o kvt\l{]Imcw \S°p∂n√'' CXns\ an°t∏mgpw ""kzmX{¥yØns‚ \nbaw'' (bmt°m. 1:25;

3:12), ""cmPIob \ymb{]amWw'' (bmt°m. 2:8), As√¶n¬ ""{InkvXphns‚ \nbaw'' (Kem. 6:2) F∂p

hnfn°p∂p. ]pXnb DSºSn°v DØchmZnØßfpw am¿§\n¿t±ißfpw D≠v.

NASB, NKJV ""B¿°pth≠n {InkvXp acn®pthm Ahs\ \ns‚ `£Ww sIm≠p \in∏n°cpXv''

NRSV ""B¿°pth≠n {InkvXp acn®pthm Ahcnsemcph≥ \in°phm≥ \nßfpsS £Ww

CShcpØcpXv''

TEV ""\nßƒ Ign°p∂ `£Ww {InkvXp B¿°pth≠n acn®pthm B hy‡nsb

\in∏n°phm≥ CShcpØcpXv''

NJB ""{InkvXp B¿°pth≠n acn®pthm Ahs‚ hogvNbv°v AXv CSbm°p∂psh¶n¬

\n›bambpw \nßƒ°v CjvSap≈Xv Xn∂phm≥ \nßƒ°v A[nImcw C√''

\S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Hcp {]hrØn \n¿Øp-∂-Xns\ kqNn-∏n-°p∂ s\K-‰ohv ]m¿ń-°n-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb

Hcp h¿Øam\Ime hn[n-cq]-am-Wn-Xv. CXv hfsc i‡amb Hcp ssienbmWv. Nne {InkvXym\nIfpsS

kzmX{¥yw a‰v {InkvXym\nIfpsS \miØn\v ImcWamIcpXv. CXv ]cma¿in°p∂Xv c£bpsS \jvS-

sØb√, ]ns∂tbm kam[m\Øns‚bpw Dd∏ns‚bpw KpWIcamb ip{iqjbpsSbpw \jvSsØbmWv.

F^v.F^v {_qkns‚ tNmZyßfpsS DØcßƒ ImWpI, t]Pv 88˛89.

""\in∏n°pI'' F∂ ]Zw {Ko°p]Zamb eqs∏Hm (lupew) BWv. CXn\¿∞w ""sImSnb hnjmZw,

hyk\w, AYhm thZ\bv°v CSbm°pI'' F∂mWv (sk]v‰z-Pn‚nepw CtX A¿∞w Xs∂-bmWv).

]usemkv Cu ]Zw A[nIhpw 2 sImcn¥ycnemWv D]tbmKn°p∂Xv (2:2,4,5; 6:10; 7:8,9,11). \in∏n°pI

F∂Xv i‡amb Hcp X¿÷abmWv. CXv kqNn∏n°p∂Xv c£bpsS \jvSsØb√, ]ns∂tbm Hcphs‚

hy‡n]camb t_m[ysØ ewLn°p∂Xnt∑ep≈ ]cnip≤mflmhns‚ t_m[ysØbmWv. hnizmknbpsS

{]hrØnIƒ hnizmkØn¬ \n∂pw hcp∂n√msb¶n¬ Ah ]m]amWv (hm. 23).

14:16

NASB ""\nßƒ°v \∑bmbncn°p∂ Hcp ImcysØ°p-dn®v ZqjWw ]dbm\n-S-bm-IcpXv''

NKJV, NRSV ""\nßfpsS \∑sb Xn∑-bmbn Icp-Xp-hm≥ A\phZn°cpXv''

TEV ""\nßƒ \∑sb∂p IcpXp∂ H∂n\v Zpjvt]cv In´phm≥ A\phZn°cpXv''

NJB ""\nßfpsS ]Z-hnsb hn´phogvN sNøcpXv''

\S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Hcp {]hrØn \n¿Øp-∂-Xns\ kqNn-∏n-°p∂ s\K-‰ohv ]m¿ń-°n-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb Hcp

h¿Øam\Ime I¿ΩWn hn[n-cq]-am-Wn-Xv. kzmX{¥yw A\mbmkambn A\phmZambn amdm≥ km[yX-

bp≠v. Cu hmIyØnse ""\∑'' ]cma¿in°p∂Xv hnizmkØn¬ i‡\mbhs‚ {]hrØnIsfbmWv.

hnizmkØn¬ i‡\mb Hcpht\m, Hcphtfm XßfpsS kzmX{¥yØm¬ Cu hn[Øn¬ {]h¿Øn®m¬

_elo\cmb hnizmknIƒ \ntj[mflIambn _m[n°s∏SpIbpw Bflobambn XI¿°s∏SpIbpw, \√

Imcyw Xn∑bmbXn\v AhkcamIpIbpw sNøpw.

282

Cu hmIyw Fßs\bmWv {InkvXym\nIƒ ]ckv]cw s]cpamdp∂Xv F∂Xn¬ \n∂pw e£ysØ

AhnizmknIfpsS ]cnKW\bnte°v am‰p∂Xmbn ImWs∏Sp∂p (hm. 18_n). Cu {Inb AhnizmknIsf∏‰n

]cma¿kn°p∂Xn\p]tbmKn°p∂ ""ssZhZqjWw'' (]dbs∏´) F∂ ]ZØn¬ \n∂pw hcp∂XmWv.

14:17 "ssZhcmPyw'' Cu ]ZØns‚ tdmamteJ\Ønse Htcsbmcp D]tbmKamWnXv. tbiphns‚

XpSscbp≈ Hcp Nn¥mhnjbamWnXv .ChnsS Ct∏mƒ bmYm¿∞y-amb CXv `mhnbn¬

]q¿ØoIcWØnseØp-∂-Xp-amWv. {InkvXphns‚ icocØns‚ sFIcq]yamb Poh≥ hy‡n]camb

kzmX{¥y {]IS\ßsf°mƒ hnetbdnbXmWv. Xmsg sImSpØncn°p∂ {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw ImWpI.

{]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: ssZh-cmPyw]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ btlmh bn{km-tb-ens‚ cmPm-hmbpw (H.- t\m. 1 iaq. 8:7; k¶o. 10:16; 24:7-˛9;

9:10; 44:4; 89:18; 95:3; sbi. 43:15; 44:4,6) ainlm amXrIm cmPm-hmbpw (H.- t\m. k¶o. 2:6; sbi. 9:6-˛7;

11:1˛5) IW-°m-°-s∏-ń-cp-∂p. t_Øvte-sl-an¬ tbip P\n-®-tXmsS (_n.- kn. 6˛4) ssZh-cmPyw am\-h-

N-cn-{X-Øn-te°v ]pXnb i‡n-tbmSpw hos≠-Sp-t∏m-Spw-IqSn AXn-{I-an-®p-I-bdn (]p-Xnb \nbaw H.- t\m.

bnsc. 31:31˛34; sbsl. 36:27˛36). tbml-∂m≥ kv\m]-I-≥ ssZh-cmPyw kao-]n-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂p {]Jym-

]n®p (H.- t\m. aØm. 3:2; a¿s°m. 1:15). ssZh-cmPyw X∂nepw Xs‚ D]-tZ-i-ß-fnepw shfn-s∏-ń-cn-

°p∂psh∂v tbip hy‡-ambn ]Tn-∏n®p (H.- t\m. -a-Øm. 4:17,23; 9:35; 10:7; 11:11-˛12; 12:28; 16:19; a¿s°m.

12:34; eqs°m. 10:9,11; 11:20; 12:31-˛32; 16:16; 17:21). F¶nepw cmPyw `mh-bn¬ kw`-hn-t°-≠-Xp≠v (H. -t\m.

aØm. 16:28; 24:14; 26:29; a¿s°m. 9:1; eqs°m. 21:31; 22:16,18).

kam-¥-c- kp-hn-ti-j-ß-fmb a¿s°m-knepw eqs°m-knepw ""ssZh-cmPyw'' F∂ {]tbmKw \mw

ImWp-∂p. tbip-hns‚ D]-tZ-i-ß-fpsS Cu km[m-c-W-hn-j-b-Øn¬ a\p-jy-lr-Z-b-ß-fn-ep≈ ssZh-

Øns‚ Ct∏m-gsØ hmgvNbpw ˛ AXv Hcp-\mƒ `qan-bn-se√mw hym]n®v ]q¿Øo-I-c-W-Øn-seØpw ˛

Dƒs∏- n-cn-°p-∂p. CXv aØmbn 6:10 se tbip-hns‚ {]m¿∞-\-bn¬ {]Xn- -en-∏n-®n- p-≠v. sblq-Z-∑m¿°p

th≠n Fgp-Xnb aØmbn ssZh-Øns‚ \maw D]-tbm-Kn-°mØ Hcp {]tbmKw (kz¿§-cm-Pyw) Xnc-s™-

Sp-Øp. F∂m¬ PmXn-Iƒ°p-th≠n Fgp-Xnb a¿s°mkpw eqs°mkpw ssZhnI \maw D]-tbm-Kn®v

km[m-cW t]cp-Iƒ \¬In. CXp ka-ho-£W kphn-ti-j-ß-fnse Hcp Xmt°m¬ ]-Z-{]-tbm-K-am-Wv.

tbip-hns‚ BZysØbpw Ah-km-\-sØbpw {]`m-j-W-ßƒ, Ahs‚ an°-hmdpw D]-a-Iƒ F√mw

Cu hnj-bsØ kw_-‘n-®m-bn-cp-∂p. C∂v a\p-jy-lr-Z-b-ß-fn-ep≈ ssZhn-I - -c-W-sØ-bm-WnXp kqNn-

∏n-°p-∂Xv! tbml-∂m≥ Cu {]tbmKw c≠p-{]m-hiyw am{Xta D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-≈q (tb-ip-hns‚ D]-a-

I-fn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-an-√) F∂Xv AXn-i-b-I-c-am-Wv. ""\nXy-Po-h≥'' BWv tbml-∂ms‚ kphn-ti-j-

Ønse Xmt°m¬ kmZr-iyw.

Cu {]tbm-K-Ønse kwL¿j-Øn\v ImcWw {InkvXp-hns‚ c≠p- h-c-hp-I-fmWv. ]g-b-\n-baw

ssZh-Øns‚ ain-lm-bpsS Hscm‰ hc-hns\ ˛ ssk\n-Ihpw, \ymbw hn[n-°p-∂, al-Xz-]q¿Æ-hpamb

hchv ˛ am{X-am-Wv shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ ]pXnb \nbaw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv Ah≥ H∂m-aXv

sbi. 53 se IjvS-s∏-Sp∂ Zmk-\mbpw skJ. 9:9 se Xmgva-bp≈ cmPm-hmbpw h∂p F∂m-Wv. c≠v

sblqZ bpK-ß-fmb ZpjvS-X-bpsS bpKhpw \oXn-bp-sS bpKhpw ]c-kv]cw AXn-{I-an®p Ib-dn-bn-cn-°p-

∂p. tbip Ct∏mƒ hnizm-kn-I-fpsS lrZ-b-ß-fn¬ hmgp-∂p. F∂m¬ Hcp Zn\w Ah≥ k¿Δ krjvSn-I-

fpsStaepw hmgpw. ]gb \nbaw {]h-Nn-®-Xp-t]mse Ah≥ hcpw! hnizm-kn-Iƒ C∂v ssZh-cm-Py-Øns‚

kw`-hn-®p-I-gn™p'' F∂m¬ ""C\nbpw Bbn-ń√'' F∂ Ah-ÿ-bn¬ Pohn-°p∂p (H.- t\m. Gardon D.Fee and Douglas Stuart’s How to Read the Bible For All Its Worth PP. 131-134).

""\oXnbpw kam[m\hpw ]cnip≤mflmhn¬ kt¥mjhpw As{X'' BflmhmWv Cu KpWßƒ

Hmtcm hnizmkn°pw hnizmk kaqlØn\pw \¬Ip∂Xv. CXmWv _mlyhpw B£cnIhpamb

ssZhIpSpw_Øns‚ {]tXyIX.

khntijamb Hcp A¿∞ØnemWv ""\oXn'' F∂ ]Zw ChnsS ]usemkv D]tbmKn®ncn°p∂Xv. 1:17

se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw ImWpI. km[mcWambpw X\n°v CXv NpaØs∏´ \oXnbmWv, hnizmknIfpsS

£abpsSbpw {InkvXphnep≈ \ne\n¬∏ns‚bpw ssZhØmep≈ Hcp \nba]camb (\nbahpambn

_‘s∏´) {]Jym]\amWnXv (3:21- 31; 4). ]m]w \nd™ a\pjyh¿§w \oXnam∑mcmbn FÆs∏SpI am{Xa√

Ah¿ \oXnbp≈-h-cmbn amdp-Ibpw sNøp∂p. CXv Hcp Zm\hpw Hcp e£yhpamWv. kqNIhpw hn[n-

cq]hpambn hnizmkØns‚ Hcp {]hrØnbpw hnizmkØns‚ Hcp PohnXhpamWv. 6:4 se {]tXyI

]T\hnjbw ImWpI

14:18 _elo\cmb hnizmknIƒ°pth≠nbp≈ hnizmknIfpsS kzbw ]cnanXs∏SpØ¬ {InkvXphnt\mSp

Xs∂bp≈ Hcp tkh\amWv. Ah≥ B¿°pth≠n acn®pthm Ahsc kvt\ln°pIbpw IcpXpIbpw

283

kwc£n°pIbpw sNøp∂Xns\°mƒ i‡amb Hcp hgnbpw {InkvXphnt\mSp≈ \ΩpsS kvt\lsØ

Dd∏m°m≥ DXIp∂X√.

""a\pjysc {]km-Zn-∏n°p∂h\pw'' At\ym\yap≈ {InkvXphns‚ kvt\lw AhnizmknIfp-sS-bp-S-

bnep≈ ip{iqjbpsSbpw km£yw hln°ens‚bpw hmXn¬ Xpd°psa∂v {]Jym]n°p∂Xn\p≈ Hcp

hgnbmbncn°mw CXv (hm. 16; 2 sImcn. 8:21; 1 ]s{Xm. 2:12). hnizmk kaqlØn\IØv \mw Fßs\

]ckv]cw s]cpamdp∂p F∂p≈ km[ImflIamtbm \ntj[mflIamtbm D≈ i‡amb Hcp km£yw

hln°emWv.

14:19 ""\mw {ian®psImƒI'' Untbmt°m (diokwdiokwdiokwdiokwdiokw) F∂ Cu Hcp ]gb \nba `mjm ssien sk]v‰zPn-

‚nepw ]usemkns‚ teJ\ßfnepw km[mcWamWv. CXn\¿∞w "D’pIcmbn ]n¥pScpI' "t\Sp∂Xn\v

Xo{hambn {ian°pI'' F∂XmWv. tdma. 9:30,31; 12:13 hmIyßfnepw ChnsSbpw Cu ]Zw ""]n¥pScpI''

F∂ A¿∞Øn¬ D]tbmKn°p∂p. F∂m¬ 12:14 ¬ hnizmknIsf ]oUn∏n°p∂hsc kqNn∏n°p-

∂Xn\p]tbmKn°p∂p (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 4:12, Xs∂ kqNn∏n°p∂Xn\pw; 2 sImcn. 4:9; Kem. 1:13,23; ^nen.

3:6).

CXv H∂pIn¬ Hcp h¿Øam\Ime I¿Øcn kqNItam (IsøgpØp {]XnIƒ a, A, B, F, G, L F∂nh)

Hcp h¿Øam\Ime I¿Øcn A\p-_-‘tam (IsøgpØp {]XnIƒ C, D F∂nh) hn[n-cq]w F∂ \ne-

bn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≈-XmWv. UBS4 Cu hN\Øn¬ A\p-_‘w D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p F¶nepw AXn\v

“D”td‰nwKv BWv (Dd∏n°m≥ hfsc _p≤n-ap´p-≈-Xv) \¬Ip∂Xv.

{InkvXym\nIƒ ]n¥pStc≠ Imcyßƒ {i≤n°pI.

1. AXnYn k¬°mcw, 12:13

2. kam[m\Øn\pw At\ym\yw BflnI h¿≤\bv°pw D≈Xn\v, 14:19

3. kvt\lw, 1 sImcn. 14:1

4. {InkvXp kmZriyw, ^nen. 3:12,14

5. XΩnepw F√mhtcmSpw \∑, 1 sX . 5:15

6. \oXn, `‡n, hnizmkw, kvt\lw, £a, kuayX, 1 Xnsam. 6:11

7. \oXn, hnizmkw, kvt\lw, ip≤ `btØmsS I¿Ømhns\ hnfn®t]£n°p∂ F√mhtcmSpw

kam[m\hpw BNcn°, 2 Xnsam. 2:22

""kam[m\Øn\pw At\ym\yw BflnI h¿≤\bv°pw'' F√m‰nepw hnizmknbpsS at\m`mhw

CXmbncn°Ww (k¶o. 34:14; F{_m. 12:14). Hcphs‚ hy‡nkzmX{¥yhpw ssZhimkv{X ⁄m\hpw

Xo¿®bmbpw {InkvXphns‚ icocØns‚ ÿncXbnte°pw hf¿®bnte°pw \bn°s∏SWw (15:2; 1 sImcn.

6:12; 14:26; Fs^. 4:12). 15:2 se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw: BflnI h¿≤\ ImWpI

""ssZh\n¿ΩmWsØ Agn°cpXv'' \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Hcp {]hrØn \n¿Øp-∂-Xns\ kqNn-∏n-

°p∂ s\K-‰ohv ]m¿´n-°n-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb Hcp h¿Øam\Ime I¿Øcn hn[n-cq]-am-Wn-Xv. CXv i‡amb Hcp

{Inbm kwbp-‡amWv (Im‰m + eqH). CXv ]usemkns‚ teJ\ßfn¬ aq∂p XhW am{Xta D]tbmKn-

®n´p≈q (2 sImcn. 5:1 ¬ acWsØ kqNn∏n°m\pw Kem. 2:18 ¬ \in∏n°pI F∂ A¿∞Ønepw). hm. 19

se "BflnI h¿≤\'°pw Cu hN\Øn\pw a[yØn¬ \m\m¿∞-{]-tbm-K-ap-≠v. B£cnIambn

CXn\¿∞w ""s]mfn°pI''F∂mWv. c≠pw \n¿ΩmW kw_‘amb ZrjvSm¥ßfmWv.

Cu ]›mØeØn¬ ""ssZh\n¿ΩmWw'' F¥mWv? CXn\v ]IzX Bbn-cn-°bn√. ]ns∂tbm

""_elo\'' hnizmknbnse Bfl{]hrØnbmWv. Hcp hn`mKw as‰mcp hn`mKsØ kZriam°p∂Xnt\m

am‰p∂Xnt\m klmbn°Wsa∂v Cu ]›mØeØnsemcnSØptam 1 sImcn. 8˛10 tem ]usemkv ]dbp∂n√.

""F√mw ip≤wXs∂'' hm. 14 se kqN\ ImWpI.

NASB ""F¶nepw CS¿® hcpØpamdv Xn∂p∂ a\pjy\p AXp tZmjas{X''

NKJV ""F¶nepw {]tIm-]n-∏n-°p-amdv Xn∂p∂ a\pjy\p AXp tZmjas{X''

NRSV ""F¶nepw \nßƒ Xn∂p∂Xn\m¬ a‰p≈hsc hogvØp∂Xv \nßƒ°v tZmjamWv''

TEV ""F¶nepw Hcphs\ ]m]Ønte°v hogphm\nSbm°p∂ F¥pw Xn∂p∂Xv sX‰mWv''

NJB ""F¶nepw CXp Xn∂p∂XneqsS \nßƒ as‰mcphs\ hogvØn°fbp∂psh¶n¬ AXv

Xn∑bmIp∂p''

Cu A[ymbØns‚ tI{μkXyw Cu hmIyamWv (1 sImcn. 10:25˛26; XosØm. 1:15).

Hcp hn{KlØn\¿∏n® amwksØbmWv CXv kqNn∏n°p∂Xv (1 sImcn. 8˛10). amkw \√tXm

tZmjambtXm A√, F¶nepw CXv A\ptbmPya√ F∂v Nn¥n°p∂ Hcp _elo\ hnizmkn CXp

ImWpIbpw Ah≥ ss[cy-s∏´p Xn∂pIbpw sNbvXm¬ km∑m¿§nIambn \njv^eambncn°p∂Xv

tZmjambnØocpw. F¥psIms≠∂m¬ CXv Ahs‚ AYhm AhfpsS ssZhlnXsØ°pdn®p≈

284

a\ m£nsb ewLn°p∂p.

an° Cw•ojv X¿÷aIfpw Cu D]hmIysØ ""hnizmkØn¬ i‡\mb ktlmZc''t\mSp

_‘s∏SpØp-∂p. AXn¬ Ah¿ Xn∂p∂Xn\m¬ hnizmkØn¬ _elo\\mb Hcp hnizmkn

kzm[o\n°s∏Sp∂p. \yq Atacn°≥ ss__nfns‚ ItØmen°m X¿÷a Cu D]hmIysØ ""_e-lo-

\-\mb ktlm-Z-c-t\mSp'' _‘s∏SpØn ""F¶nepw `£Ww Hcphs‚ a\ m£nsb Ip‰w hn[n°ptºmƒ

B a\pjy≥ Xn∂p∂Xv sX‰mWv'' F∂p kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. Cu ]›mØeØn¬ BZysØ Xncs™Sp∏v

G‰hpw \√Xmbn ImWs∏Sp∂p. F∂m¬ ]tcm£ kqN\ Dt±i ]q¿ÆXbp≈Xpw c≠ns\bpw hm.

22˛23 t]mse kqNn∏n°p∂XpamImw.

14:21 ""i‡-cmb ktlmZcßƒ'' °p≈XmWv Cu hmIyw. Nne {]tXyI `£Wßfn¬ \n∂pw

]m\obßfn¬ \n∂pw ""]q¿Æambn Hgn™ncn°p∂''Xn\p≈ ssZhimkv{X]camb BibØns‚

thZ]pkvXI ASnÿm\w CXv am{XamWv. hnizmkØn¬ i‡cmbh¿ Xo¿®bmbpw AhcpsS

kzmX{¥ysØ ktlmZco ktlmZc∑m¿°p th≠n ]cnanXs∏SpØpIbpw Bflm¿∞Xbp≈ At\z-

jIcmhpIbpw (\jvSs∏´ BfpIƒ°pth≠n) thWw. Cu kzbw ]cnanXs∏SpØen¬ an°Xpw kwkvIm-

cnIhpw {]mtZinIhpw AYhm k`mhn`mK]chpamWv.

CXv ""Hcp {]hrØn Hcn°epw XpSßcpXv'' F∂v kqNn∏n°p∂ s\K‰ohv ]m¿ń°nfnt\msSm∏ap≈

c≠v `qX-Ime I¿Øcn tIh-e-{In-bIƒ BWv. Nne¿ Cu `qX-Ime {InbIsf hymJym\n®ncn°p∂Xv

Nne {]tXyI Ahkcßfn¬ am{Xw D]tbmKn°s∏Sp∂hbmbn´mWv (1 sImcn. 8˛10). Xo¿®bmbpw

Xn∂p∂Xpw IpSn°p∂Xpw \ntcm[n°m≥ IgnbpIbn√.

14:22

NASB ""\n\°p≈ hnizmkw ssZhk∂n[nbn¬ \n\°p≈ Dd -∏mbncn°s´; Xm≥

kzoIcn°p∂Xn¬ Xs∂Øm≥ hn[n°mØh≥ `mKyhm≥''

NKJV ""\n\°v hnizmkw Dt≠m? AXv ssZhapºmsI \n\°pXs∂ Ccn-°s´; Xm≥ kzoIcn-

°p∂Xn¬ Xs∂Øm≥ hn[n°mØh≥ `mKyhm≥''

NRSV ""\n\°p≈ hnizmkw ssZhapºmsI \ns‚ kz¥w t_m[yambncn°s´. Xßƒ AwKo-

Icn°p∂h\nanØw XßsfØs∂ hn[n°m≥ ImcWw Is≠ØmØh¿ `mKyhm∑m¿''

TEV ""Cu ImcysØ ]‰n \o hnizkn°p∂Xv Aß-s\-Xs∂ \n\°pw ssZh-Øn\pw at[y Ccn-

°s´. Xßƒ°p icn-sb∂p tXm∂p-∂Xv sNøp-tºmƒ Ip‰-t_m[w tXm∂m-Ø-h¿ `mKy-hm-

∑m¿''

NJB ""\n\°pw ssZhØn\pw at[y \ns‚ kz¥w hnizmkw apdpsI ]nSn° ˛ Xs‚ a\km£n°p

hntcm[ambnt∏mImsX Xs‚ Xocpam\saSp°m≥ Ignbp∂ a\pjys\ ]cnKWn°pI''

hnizmknIƒ AhcpsS, ]cnip≤mflmhn\m¬ \bn°s∏Sp∂Xpw thZ]pkvXIØm¬ {Kln∏n°s∏´Xp-

amb a\ m£nbpsS shfn®Øn¬ Pohn°Wsa∂p≈Xns‚ Dd∏n°emWnXv (hm. 5). Ah¿ Xo¿®bmbpw

Ah¿°p≈ {]ImiØn¬ \S°Ww. F∂m¬ AXv AhcpsS Iq´phnizmknIfpsS hnizmksØ

Zp¿hn\ntbmKw sNøp∂Xn\mbncn°cpXv. hm. 22, ""hnizmkØn¬ i‡\mb'' ktlmZct\mSv _‘s∏Sp∂p.

AtXkabw hm. 23 ""hnizmkØn¬ _elo\\mb'' ktlmZct\mSv _‘s∏Sp∂p.

hm. 22 Bcw`n°p∂Xv IsøgpØp {]XnIfpsS hyXykvXXbnemWv. CXv Hcp tNmZytam (NKJV)Hcp {]kvXmh\tbm BImw (NASB, NRSV, TEV, JB).

""kzoIcn°p∂Xn¬'' 2:18 se {]tXyI ]T\ hnjbwImWpI.

14:23 ""F∂m¬ kwibn°p∂h≥'' CXv Hcp h¿Ø-am-\-Ime a[y A]q¿Æ-{In-bbmWv. CXp

]cma¿in°p∂Xv hm. 3 se A[nIw \njvI¿jbp≈ hnizmknsbbmWv.

""Ip‰°mc\mbncn°p∂p'' CXv Im‰m + {Int\m bn¬ \n∂pap≈ Hcp ]q¿Æ I¿ΩWn kqN-IamWv.

CXn\¿∞w.

1. ""Ip‰t_m[Øns‚ shfn®Øn¬ hbv°s∏ńcn°p∂ sshcp≤yw'' (ltcmƒUv sI. tamƒ´≥, Zn

A\se‰n°¬ {Ko°v seIvkn°≥ dnsshkvUv, t]Pv 216).

2. ""Ip‰w hn[n°e√, ]ns∂tbm ]n∂mse in£ hcp∂'' hmNIw (H.-t\m. tdma. 5:16,18; 8:1 (tamƒ´s‚bpw

anenKs‚bpw, Zn shm°m_pedn Hm^v Zn {Ko°v sSÃsa‚ v, t]Pv 328).

ChnsS CXv ]cma¿in°p∂Xv Hcphs‚ a\ m£nbpsS ewL\sØbpw ]cnip≤mflmhv ]m]-t_m-[-

ap-f-hm-°p-∂-Xns‚ êamb thZ\sbbpamWv.

""kwibn°p∂h≥ Xn∂p∂psh¶n¬'' CXv Hcp aq∂mwXc tkm]m-[nI hmNIamWv.

""hnizmkØn¬ \n∂p D¤hn°mØsXms°bpw ]m]as{X'' Zp¿{K-l-amb thZ]pkvXI `mKßfn¬

]m]w \ymb{]amWØns‚ ewL\a√, \ΩpsS a\km£nbpsS ewL\amWv. \mw Xo¿®bmbpw \ap°p≈

{]ImiØn¬ \S°pIbpw F√mbvt∏mgpw thZ]pkvXIØn¬ \n∂pw Bflmhn¬ \n∂pw A[nIw

285

{]Imi\w e`n°p∂Xn\v Xpd∂ a\ p≈hcmbn-cn-°bpw thWw.

ssZh-ln-XsØ°pdn-®p≈ hnizm-kn-I-fpsS [mcW (Cu ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ hnizmkw F∂ A¿∞-

Øn¬) Xo¿®-bmbpw Ah-cpsS {]hr-Øn-Isf \n¿Æ-bn-t°≠-XmWv. ]Iz-X-bp≈ hnizm-kn-Isf kw_-

‘n®v kμnKv[m¿∞-ap≈ thZ-]p-kvXI hnj-b-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ hyXykvX ho£Ww Dƒs°m-≈p-hm\pw

At∏mƒXs∂ ssZh-ln-X-Øn¬ Bbn-cn-°p-hm\pw Ign-bpw.

Nne {Ko°v Isø-gp-Øp-{]-Xn-I-fn¬ 16:25˛27 se ssZh-kvXpXn 14˛mw A[ym-b-Øn¬ Ah-km\ `mK-

ØmWv tN¿Øn-cn-°p-∂Xv. Nne-Xn¬ CXv c≠p ÿm\-ß-fn-ep-ap-≠v. Hcp ]m∏ndkv ssIsø-gpØp {]Xnbmb

P46 ¬ CXv 15˛mw A[ym-b-Øns‚ Ah-km-\- `mKØm-Wp-≈-Xv. tdmam-te-J-\-Øns‚ {Ko°v ssIsø-gpØp

{]Xn- ]mcºcy-Øn¬ Cu ssZh-kvXp-Xn- Bdv ÿm\-ßfn¬ ImWmw. Hcp ]q¿Æ N¿®-bv°m-bn bpssW-

‰Uv ss__nƒ skmssk-‰okv {]kn-≤o-I-cn®, {_qkv Fw. sa‰vk¿ cNn® F sSIvkvNz¬ Ia‚dn Hm^v Z

{Ko°v \yqsSÃ-sa‚ v, t]Pv 533˛536 ImWpI. Cu kn≤m¥ß-fpsS Hcp Npcp-°-amb kw£n]vX cq]w Chn-

sS- sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p.

1. Hdn-K¨ ]d-bp-∂Xv am¿kn-b≥ F∂ tdmanse Hcp BZn-Ime Zpcp-]-tZ-i-I≥ tdmam-te-J-\-Øns‚

Ah-km-\sØ c≠v A[ym-b-ßƒ Hgn-hm°n F∂m-Wv. CXv 14˛mw A[ym-b-Ønse ssZh-kvXpXnbpsS

Imc-W-ambn hni-Zo-I-cn-°mhp-∂-Xm-Wv.

2. a‰v ]fin-X-∑m¿ Duln-°p-∂Xv ]usemkv tdmam-te-J-\-Øns‚ Hcp ]Xn-∏v, A. 1˛14, tdman-te°v

Ab-bv°p-hm≥ Fgp-Xn-bXpw ]n∂oSv AtX teJ\w Fs^-skm-kn-te°v Ab-bvt°-≠-Xns‚ Bh-

iy-I-X a\- n-em°n A[ym. 1˛16 Ab®p F∂p-amWv. hy‡n-]-c-amb hμ-\-ß-fpsS Zo¿L-amb ]´nI

{]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p-∂Xv tdman-s\-b-√, F^-skm-kn-s\-bmWv (A-[ym. 16).

3. A≤ym. 16 se hμ-\-ßƒ tdman-te-°p bm{X sNøp∂ hnizm-kn-Iƒ°p-th-≠n-bp-≈-Xm-Wv. ImcWw

AIzn-√mkpw {]kvIn-√-bpw Fs^-skm-kn-em-Wv. Ah¿ tdman-te°v aS-ßp∂Xmbn Hcn-SØpw tcJ-

s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-an-√.

4. ssZh-kvXpXn BZyw D≠m-bn-cp-∂-X-√, ]n∂oSv s]mXp Bcm-[-\m e£y-ßƒ°mbn ]I¿s∏-gp-Øp-

Im-cm¬ tN¿°-s∏-´-Xm-Wv.

Fw.-B¿. hn≥sk‚ns‚ ]Z -]-T-\-ßƒ hmeyw 2, Xmev]-cy-P-\-I-am-Wv.

""Cu kn≤m-¥-ßƒs°√mw FXn-cm-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv, CXp-hsc e`y-am-bn- p≈ ]usem-kns‚ teJ-\-Øns‚

Isø-gpØp {]XnI-fn-se-√mw, G‰hpw ]g-°-ap-≈Xv Dƒs∏-sS, Cu A[ym-b-ß-sf√mw, ssZh-kvXp-Xn-Iƒ

HgnsI, C∂p \mw ImWp∂ _‘-Ønepw {Ia-Øn-ep-am-sW-∂ Dd® kXy-amWv'' (t]Pv 750).









1. ""_e-lo-\'' ktlm-Z-c-s\-∏‰n hnh-cn-°pI? Ah¿ ]Iz-X-bn-√m-Ø-h-cm-sW∂p ]usemkv kqNn-∏n-

°p-∂pt≠m?

2. {InkvXob kzmX{¥yw Fß-s\-bmWv {InkvXob DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-tØmSv _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂Xv?

3. {]IrXn-bn-ep-≈-sX√mw ""ip≤-tam'' km∑m¿§n-I-ambn \njv]-£tam BtWm (hm. 14, 20)?

4. sImcn-¥n¬ `£-W hnjbw hfsc {][m-\-s∏-´-Xm-bn-cp-∂-sX-¥p-sIm≠v (1 sImcn. 8,10)? ]usemkv

tdmam-te-J\w Fgp-Xn-bXv sImcn-¥n¬ \n∂m-sW-t∂m¿°p-I.

5. Cu A≤ym-b-Ønse Adnhpw kzmX-{¥yhpw kvt\lhpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w hni-Zo-I-cn-°pI?

6. k`-bnse Iq´m-bvasb \mw F¥n¬ -A-Sn-ÿm-\-s∏-Sp-ØWw?

7. \ΩpsS hy‡n-]-c-amb sXc-s™-Sp-∏p-Ifpw {]hr-Øn-Ifpw \mw F¥n¬ ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww?

8. \ΩpsS {]hrØnIƒ a‰p≈hsc _m[n°p∂sXßs\? CXv \Ωn¬ \n∂pw Bhiys∏Sp∂sX¥v?

9. icnbmb {InkvXob [m¿ΩnIX \mw Fßs\bmWv Xocpam\n°p∂Xv?

10. ]IzX {]m]n® {InkvXym\nIƒ°v hntbmPn°phm\pw ssZhØn\v kzoImcyXbp≈hcmbncn°phm\pw

km[n°ptam?

286

\nßsf A√ \nß a‰p-≈-h-cpsS `mc i‡≥ _e-lo\ a‰p-≈-hsc {]kmZn (14:22-˛15:6)

fpsS ktlm-Z-cs\ ßƒ Npa-°pI s\ Npa-°Ww ∏n°p-I, \nßsf

{]km-Zn-∏n-°pI b√

15:1˛6 15:1˛6 15:1˛6 15:1˛6

kphn-tijw PmXn ssZhsØ Hcpan PmXn-Iƒ°p

Iƒ°pw sblqZ ®p al-Xz-s∏Sp kphn-tijw

\pw Hcp-t]mse ØpI

15:7˛13 15:7˛13 15:7˛13 15:7˛12 15:7˛12

15:13 15:13

]usem-kns‚ sbcq-i-te-an¬ hy‡n-]c-amb Fgp-Xp-∂-Xn-\p≈ ]usem-kns‚

anj-\dn \ntbmKw \n∂v C√q-cy- Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ ]usem-kns‚ ip{iqj

bn-te°v Imc-W-ßƒ

15:14- 21 15:14- 21 15:14- 21 15:14- 21 15:14- 16

15:17- 21

tdmw kμ¿in°m tdmw kμ¿in°m tdmw kμ¿in°m ]usem-kns‚

\p≈ ]usem \p≈ ]≤Xn \p≈ ]usem ]≤-Xn-Iƒ

kns‚ ]≤Xn kns‚ ]≤Xn

15:22-˛29 15:22-˛33 15:22-˛29 15:22-˛29 15:22-˛26

15:27-˛29

15:30-˛33 15:30-˛33 15:30-˛33 15:30-˛33
















4. BZnbmbh

287

hm. 1˛13 s‚ ]›m-Øe Dƒ°m-gvN-Iƒ

A. {InkvXob kzmX{¥ysØ∏‰nbpw DØchmZnØsØ∏‰nbpap≈ N¿® 14˛mw A[ymbØn¬ \n∂pw

15:1˛13 ¬ XpScp∂p.

B. 14:1˛15:13 se samØ hmZKXnbpsS cq]tcJ C{]Imcw tcJ-s∏-SpØmw

1. At\ym\yw ssIs°m-≈pI F¥psIms≠∂m¬ ssZhw {InkvXphn¬ \sΩ ssIs°m-

≠ncn°p∂p (14:3˛12).

2. At\ym\yw hn[n°cpXv F¥psIms≠∂m¬ \ΩpsS Htcsbmcp bPam\\pw \ymbm[n]\pw

{InkvXphmWv (14:3˛12).

3. hy‡n]camb kzmX{¥ysØ°mƒ hfsc {][m\s∏´XmWv kvt\lw (14:13˛23).

4. {InkvXphns‚ amXrI ]n¥pScpIbpw a‰p≈hcpsS BflnI h¿≤\bv°pw \∑bv°pambn

\nßfpsS AhImißsf sh®pIfbpIbpw sNøpI (15:1˛13).

C. 14:1˛15:13 s‚ apgph≥ ]›mØeØns‚bpw aq∂p aSßv Dt±iyw 15:5,6 {]Xnên∏n°p∂p.

1. At\ym\yw sFIyXbn¬ Pohn°pI

2. {InkvXphns‚ amXrItbmSv s]mcpØs∏´v Pohn°pI

3. GI lrZbtØmSpw A[cßtfmSpw ssZhØn\v sFIyXtbmsS kvXpXn Itc‰pI.

D. CtX hy‡n]camb kzmX{¥yØn\pw GtIm]n®p≈ DØchmZnØØn\pw a[yØnep≈

kwL¿jw 1 sImcn. 8˛10 ¬ ssIImcyw sNbvXncn°p∂p.

]Z, ssieo ]T\w

tdma¿ 15:1˛61F∂m¬ i‡cmb \mw Ai‡cpsS _elo\XIsf Npa°pIbpw \Ωn¬ Xt∂

{]kmZn°mXncn°bpw thWw. 2\Ωn¬ HmtcmcpØ≥ Iq´pImcs\, \∑°mbn BflnI h¿≤-

s\°p th≠n {]kmZn∏nt°Ww. 3""\ns∂ \nμn°p∂hcpsS \nμ Fs‚ta¬ hoWp'' F∂v

FgpXnbncn°p∂Xpt]mse {InkvXphpw X∂n¬ Xt∂ {]kmZn®n√. 4F∂m¬ ap≥ FgpXnbncn-

°p∂Xp Hs°bpw \ΩpsS D]tZiØn∂mbn´p, \ap°p XncpshgpØpIfm¬ DfhmIp∂

ÿncXbmepw BizmkØmepw {]Xymi D≠mtI≠Xn∂p Xt∂ FgpXnbncn°p∂p. 5F∂m¬

\nßƒ sFIaXys∏´p, \ΩpsS I¿Ømhmb tbip{InkvXphns‚ ]nXmhmb ssZhsØ

GIa\t msS Hcp hmbn\m¬ alXzoIcnt°≠Xn∂p, 6ÿncXbpw Bizmkhpw \evIp∂ ssZhw

\nßƒ°p {InkvXptbiphn∂p A\pcq]ambn, XΩn¬ GINn¥tbmSncn∏m≥ Ir]

\evIpamdmIs´.

15:1

NASB ""C\n i‡cmb \mw i‡c√mØhcpsS _elo\XIsf Npat°≠XmIp∂p''

NKJV ""At∏mƒ i‡cmb \mw _elo\cpsS a\- m£nsb klnt°≠XmIp∂p''

NRSV ""i‡cmb \mw Ai‡cpsS _elo\XIsf Npa°pIbpw''

TEV ""hnizmkØn¬ i‡cmb \mw _elo\cmbhsc AhcpsS `mcßƒ hln°phm≥

klmbnt°≠XmIp∂p''

NJB ""i‡cmb \ap°v _elo\cpsS {]bm-k-ßƒ kln-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ DØ-c-hmZnXzap≠v.''

Ch c≠pw h¿Ø-am-\-Ime tIh-e-{In-b-Iƒ hn[n-cq-]-ambn D]tbmKn®ncn°p∂XmWv. i‡cpw _e-

lo-\cpw F∂ 14:1 emcw-`n-°p∂ N¿® 15˛mw A[ymbØn¬ XpScp∂p. {InkvXym\nIƒ AhcpsS PohnXw

Xmsg∏dbp∂ \neIfn¬ \bn°p∂Xn\p at[y tdmanse k`bnepw F√m kÌfnepw ImWp∂

kwL¿jsØ AXp {]Xnên∏n°p∂p.

1. thZ]pkvXI kw_‘ambn kμnKv≤m¿∞ap≈ taJeIƒ

2. ]gb \nba hyhÿIƒ

3. Akm∑m¿§nIhpw kmwkvImcnIhpamb hnjbßtfmSp≈ {]Xn-I-cWw

Cu taJebn¬ F\n°v hfsc klmbIcambncp∂ Hcp \√ ]pkvXIamWv tKm¿U¨ ô bpsS

tKmkv]¬ B‚ v kv]ncn‰v.

B[p\nI Cw•ojv hmb-\°msc kw_-‘n®v ""i‡¿,'' ""Ai‡¿''F∂nßs\ tasegpØp

\¬Ip∂Xv hn`mKßsf ap≥hn[n°p∂Xn\p XpeyamWv. ]usemkns‚ Dt±iyw CXmbncp∂n√. i‡cmb

hn`mKw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv Hcp \nbaØn¬ \n∂pw aX]cambn sI´p-]m-Sp-I-fn¬\n∂pw kzmX{¥yw

{]m]n®n´p≈hscbmWv. AhcpsS ssZhtØmSp≈ _‘w Nne Imcyßƒ sNøp∂Xnepw Nne aX]camb

BNmcßƒ Hgnhm°p∂Xnepa√ B{ibn®ncn°p∂Xv. as‰ hn`mKhpw {InkvXym\nIfmbhcpw ]q¿Æambn

288

ssZh-Øm¬ AwKoIcn°s∏´hcpw ka¿∏n°s∏´hcpamb Hcp hn`mKw hnizmknIfmWv. F∂ncp∂mepw

Ah¿ AhcpsS hnizmksØ ho£n®Xv AhcpsS `qXIme A\p`hßfpsSbpw aXhnizmk]camb

BibßfpsSbpw ASn-ÿm-\-ØnemWv. sblqZ hnizmknIƒ°v sblqZ aXØns‚ DSºSnbpsS

ioeßsf apdpsI ]nSn°p∂ {]hWXbp≠v. ]cnh¿Ø\w sNøs∏´hcmb {]mIrXaX°m¿°pw AhcpsS

]gb aX]camb Bibßfpw ioeßfpw \ne\n¿Øp∂ {]hWXbp≠v. F∂m¬ hnizmknIfpsS

CSbnep≈ Cu am\knI Ahÿsb ]usemkv ""]m]w'' F∂p hnfn°mØXv {i≤n°pI. Ah¿ AhcpsS

a\ m£nsb ewLn®t∏mƒ am{XamWv AXp ]m]ambXv (hm. 23).

""i‡nbn√mØ'' (As∏m. {]hr. 14:8) F∂¿∞w hcp∂ AUp\mt‰mkv (adunatojadunatojadunatojadunatojadunatoj) F∂ ]Zw

""_elo\amb'' F∂¿∞ap≈ AkvsXs\tbm (asqenewasqenewasqenewasqenewasqenew) (14:1,21; 1 sImcn. 8:7,10,11,12; 9:22) F∂ ]ZtØmSv

_‘s∏ńcn°p∂p. Cu thZ`mKw kqNn∏n°p∂Xv {InkvXym\nIƒ a‰p {InkvXym\nIsf shdpt∏msS

ImWcpXv, ]ns∂tbm kvt\l]q¿Δw ""Ah¿°pth≠n'' IcpXpIbpw ]ckv]cw tN¿∂v {]h¿Øn°pIbpw

thWw F∂mWv. ""Npa°pI'' F∂ ]Zw tbml. 19:17epw eqs°mkv 14:27 epap≈ tbiphns‚ {Iqiv Npa-

°p-∂-Xn\v D]tbmKn®ncn°p∂p. aXhnizmknIfmb BfpIfpsS a[yØn¬ D≠mImhp∂ kwL¿jßƒ

]usemkv Adn™ncp∂p. Ah≥ lnt√¬ \hoIcW kvIqfnse sblqZ Kpcphmb Kamentbens‚ Iogn¬

]cnioen∏n°s∏´h\mWv.

""\Ωn¬ Xs∂ {]kmZn°mXncn°bpw'' \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Hcp {]hrØn \n¿Øp-∂-Xns\ kqNn-

∏n-°p∂ s\K-‰ohv ]m¿ń-°n-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb Hcp h¿Øam\Ime I¿Øcn hn[n-cq]am-Wn-Xv. kzbw tI{μoIcWw

]IzXbn√mbvabpsS Dd∏mb Hcp e£WamWv. {InkvXphns‚ amXrI ]n¥pScpI F∂Xv (^nen. 2:1˛ 11)

]IzXbpsS ASbmfamWv. ho≠pw A`nkwt_m[\ sNøp∂Xv i‡cmbhscbmWv (14:1,14,16,21,27). Iq´mbva

\ne\n¿Øp∂Xn\p≈ F√m DØchmZnØßfpw Ah¿°msW∂v kqNn∏n°p∂Xn\√ CXv. _elo\-

scbpw A`nkwt_m[\ sNbvXncn°p∂p (1 sImcn. 14:3,20,23; 15:5-˛6,7).

15:2 ""\Ωn¬ HmtcmcpØ≥ Iq´pImcs\ {]kmZn∏nt°Ww'' ChnsS Iq´phnizmkn F∂ A¿∞ØnemWv

""Iq´pImc≥'' F∂ ]Zw D]tbmKn®ncn°p∂Xv. CXv [mcWIfpsS hy‡n]camb A\pcRvP\sØb√

kqNn∏n°p∂Xv, ]ns∂tbm Hcph≥ Xs‚ hy‡n]camb Xm¬]cyßtfm Zp¿{K-l-amb hnj-b-ßsf kw_-

‘n® Xs‚ A`n{]mbßtfm \n¿_‘nt®¬∏n°cpXv F∂mWv. ]ca{][m\ambXv hy‡n]camb

kzmX{¥ya√, ]ns∂tbm {InkvXphns‚ icocØns‚ sFIyXbpw hf¿®bpamWv (1 sImcn. 9:19˛23; 10:24-

˛33; Fs^. 4:1-˛16).

NASB ""Ahs‚ BflnI h¿≤s\°pth≠n''

NKJV ""BflnIh¿≤\hnte°p \bn°phm≥''

NRSV ""Iq´pImcs\ ]WnXpb¿ØpI F∂ \√ Dt±iyØn\pth≠n''

TEV ""Ahsc hnizmkØn¬ ]WnXpb¿Øphm≥''

NJB ""i‡cmb {InkvXym\nIfmIphm≥ Ahsc klmbn°m≥''

CXmWv 14˛mw A≤ymbØnse {][m\ {]Xn]mZyw (4:16,19). CXpw 1 sImcn. 10:23; 12:7; 14:26; Fs^. 4:29

F∂o `mK-ß-fn¬ ImWp∂ Bflob hcßsf Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn-\p≈ ]co-£Ifnsem∂mWv.

Cu ]›mØeØn¬ CXv kqNn∏n°p∂Xv hnizmkØn¬ i‡cmbh¿ Ahs‚/AhfpsS

kzmX{¥ysØ hnizmkØn¬ hfcp∂ Iq´phnizmknIsf klmbn°p∂Xn\mbn kvt\lØn¬

]cnanXs∏SpØp∂Xns\bmWv. tPmk^v F. ^n‰vkvtabdpw sdbva≠v C. {_uWpw FUn‰p sNbvX Zn

sPtdmw _nªn°¬ Ia‚dnbn¬ (hmeyw 2) Cu hN\sØ∏‰n Xmev]-cy-P-\-Iamb Hcp A`n{]mbap≠v.

""Cu ssien an°t∏mgpw "Ah\v BflnIh¿≤\ hcpØphm≥' (Ab¬°mc≥) F∂¿∞-

am°p∂Xn\mWv D]-tbm-Kn-°m-dp-≈Xv; Hcphs‚ {InkvXob Ab¬°mcs‚ hy‡n]camb

]ptcmKXnsb kqNn∏n®psIm≠mWv CXv. F∂m¬ ]usemkv an°t∏mgpw ]WnbpI F∂ ZrjvSm¥w

kaq-l-]-c-amb A¿∞ØnemWv D]tbmKn°p∂sX∂p a\- n-em°ptºmƒ, Cu ssien°v ChnsSbpw

Hcp kmaqlnIhpw GtIm]n®p≈Xpamb A¿∞ap≠v'' (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 14:12; Fs^. 4:12; tdma.

14:19) (t]Pv 328).

{]tXyI ]T\ hnjbw: BflnIh¿≤\ hcpØpIHbnt°mtUmsaHm (oikodomew) F∂ Cu ]Zhpw CXns‚ a‰p cq]ßfpw an°t∏mgpw ]usemkv

D]tbmKn®n´p≠v. B£coIambn CXn\¿∞w "Hcp hoSv ]WnbpI'' F∂mWv. (aØm. 7:24). F∂m¬

ZrjvSm¥ambn CXv Xmsg∏dbp∂ coXn-bn¬ D]tbmKn°s∏ń´p≠v:

1. {InkvXphns‚ icocamb k`, 1 sImcn. 3:9; Fs^. 2:21; 4:16

2. ]WnXpb¿ØpI

289

a. _elo\cmb ktlmZc∑msc, tdma. 15:1

b. Ab¬°msc, tdma. 15:2

c. At\ym\yw, Fs^. 4:29; 1 sX . 5:11

d. ip{iqjbv°pth≠n hnip≤∑msc, Fs^. 4:11

3. \mw Xmsg∏dbp∂hbm¬ ]WnXpb¿ØpItbm Bflob h¿≤\ hcpØpItbm sNøp∂p

a. kvt\lw, 1 sImcn. 8:1; Fs^. 4:16

b. hy‡n]camb kzmX{¥ysØ ]cnanXs∏SpØp∂Xneq-sS, 1 sImcn. 10:23˛24

c. {i≤n°mXncn°pI (1 Xnsam. 1:4).

d. Bcm[\Ifn¬ kwkmcn°p∂Xv ]cnanXs∏SpØpI (]mSp∂h¿, D]tZjvSm°∑m¿,

{]hmNI¿, A\y`mjIfn¬ kwkmcn°p∂h¿, hymJymXm°ƒ), 1 sImcn. 14:3˛4,12

4. F√m Imcyßfpw BflnIh¿≤\ hcpØWw

a. ]usemkns‚ A[nImcw, 2 sImcn. 10:8; 12:19; 13:10

b. tdma. 14:9sebpw 1 sImcn. 14:26 sebpw kw£n]vX {]kvXmh\Iƒ

15:3 ""{InkvXphpw'' {InkvXphmWv \ΩpsS coXnbpw amXrIbpw. hm. 5; ^nen. 2:1˛11; 1 ]s{Xm. 2:21; 1 tbml.

3:16 F∂nhnSßfnepw Cu kXyw Du∂n∏d™ncn°p∂p.

""FgpXnbncn°p∂p'' CXv ]gb\nba Xncp-sh-gp-Øp-Isf kqNn-∏n-°p∂ Hcp h¿Øam\Ime I¿ΩnWn

kqNIamWv. CXv k¶o. 69:9 ¬ \n∂pap≈ Hcp D≤cWnbmWv. Hcp ]gb\nba D≤cWn IqSmsX

{InkvXphns‚ amXrIsb ]cma¿in°p∂-Xn-eqsS (X∂n¬Øs∂ {]kmZn°msX, ^nen. 2:5-˛80), ]usemkv

BZnak`bnse G‰hpw {][m\s∏´ c≠v DdhnSßƒ D]tbmKn°p∂p. (\yqam≥ & \nPm, F {Sm≥kv-

tet‰gvkv lm‚ v_p°v Hm¨ t]mƒkv se‰¿ Sp tdma≥kv, t]Pv 271). apgp temIØns‚bpw ]m]sØ

hln®Xp \nanØap≈ {InkvXphns‚ kzm¿∞Xbn√mbvabmWv \ΩpsS amXrI (1 tbml. 3:16).

]usemkv Xmsg∏dbp∂hsb _‘n∏n°p∂Xmbn ImWp∂p.

1. ainlm F∂ \nebnep≈ tbiphns‚ Ip‰w (\nμ) hln°¬

2. ]usemkv kphntijØns‚ \nμ hln°p∂Xv

hoWpt]mb temIØn¬ ssZhsØ tkhn°p∂Xn\v Hcp hne sImSpt°≠Xp≠v.

1. XyPn°s∏´h\pw {Iqin°s∏´h\pamb tbip

2. 2 sImcn. 4:7˛12; 6:3-˛10; 11:23-˛33 `mKßfn¬ ]usemkv Xs‚ XymKsØ°pdn®pw ]oU\sØ°pdn®pw

]d™ncn°p∂p. ]usemkpw HSphn¬ inct—Zw sNøs∏´p

15 :4 ""F∂m¬ aps∂gpXnbncn°p∂Xp Hs°bpw \ΩpsS D]tZiØn\mbn´p . . . Xs∂

FgpXnbncn°p∂p'' ]gb\nbaw ]pXnb \nba hnizmknIƒ°pth≠nbpw IqsSbmWv FgpXs∏ńcp∂Xv

(H.-t\m. tdma. 4:23˛24; 15:4; 1 sImcn. 9:10; 10:6,11). ]pXnb DSºSnbpsS hnizmknIƒ°pw CXv {][m\s∏´XmWv

(H.-t\m. 2 Xnsam. 2:15; 3:16˛-17). ]gb\nbaØns‚bpw ]pXnb \nbaØns‚bpw a[yØn¬ Hcp XpS¿®bpw

XpS¿®bn√mbvabpw D≠v.

""XncpshgpØpIfm¬ DfhmIp∂ ÿncXbmepw BizmkØmepw'' ssZhhN\Øns‚ kXyhpw

hnizmknIfpsS PohnXcoXo {]XnIcWhpw CXn-t\mSv IqSnt®¿∂ncn°p∂psh∂Xp {i≤n°pI.

hnizmkhpw {]hrØnbpw Hcpan®v _‘n°s∏ńcn°p∂p (hm. 5). AhbpsS êw PohnXØnsebpw

acWØnsebpw Bflhnizmkhpw {InkvXphns‚ aSßnhchn¬ hmKvZØw sNøs∏ńcn°p∂

{]XymibpamWv.

""\ap°p... {]Xymi D≠mtI≠Xn\p'' CXv apsº hm. 4 ¬ kqNn∏n® {]hrØnIfpsS taemWv

\ΩpsS {]Xymi B{ibn®ncn°p∂Xv F∂p kqNn∏n°p∂ Hcp h¿Øam\Ime I¿Øcn A\p-_-‘-am-

Wn-Xv. ]pXnb\nbaØn¬ an°t∏mgpw ""{]Xymi'' kqNn∏n®Xv \ΩpsS c£ ]q¿ÆamIp∂ c≠mw

hchns\bmWv (H.-t\m. tdma. 8:30; 1 tbml. 3:2). Cu {Ko°p ]ZØn\v Cw•ojv ]ZsØt∏mse

Dd∏n√mbvabpsS e£ym¿∞an√. c≠mw hchv, kabØns‚ Hcp Dd∏pan√mØ LSItØmSpIqSnb Hcp

Dd∏p≈ kw`hamWv.

]usemkv Cu ]Zw an°t∏mgpw \nch[n hnhn[ßfmbXpw F∂m¬ _‘s∏ńcn°p∂Xpambn

A¿∞ßfn¬ D]tbmKn°p∂p. an°t∏mgpw CXv hnizmknbpsS hnizmkØns‚ ]q¿ØoIcWtØmSv

_‘s∏ńcn°p∂p. CXns\ alXzw, \nXyPoh≥, ]caamb c£, c≠mw hchv apXemb hn[Ønsems°

{]ISn∏n°mw. ]q¿ØoIcWw Dd∏mWv F∂m¬ kabLSIw `mhnImehpw Adnbs∏SmØXpamWv.

an°t∏mgpw CXv ""hnizmk''hpambpw ""kvt\l'' hpambpw _‘s∏ńcn°p∂p (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 13:13; 1

sX . 1:3; 2 sX . 2:16). ]usemkns‚ D]tbmKßfpsS Hcp `mKoIamb ]ńI C{]Imcw BWv.

290

1. c≠masØ hchv, Kem. 5:5; Fs^. 1:18; 4:4; XosØm. 2:13

2. tbiphmWv \ΩpsS {]Xymi, 1 Xnsam. 1:1

3. kphntijØn¬ B{ibn°pI, sImsem. 1:23

4. ]caamb c£, sImsem. 1:5; 1 sX . 4:13, 5:8

5. ssZhalXzw, tdma. 5:2; 2 sImcn. 3:12; sImsem. 1:27

6. c£bpsS `{ZX, 1 sX . 5:8

7. \nXyPoh≥, XosØm. 1:2; 3:7

8. k¿Δ krjvSnbpsSbpw hos≠-Sp∏v, tdma. 8:20

9. hnizmkw, tdma. 8:23˛25; 15:4

10. ssZhØns‚ \maw, tdma. 15:13

11. hnizmknIƒ°mbp≈ ]usemkns‚ Bi, 2 sImcn. 1:7

15:5 ""\ΩpsS I¿Ømhmb tbip{InkvXphns‚ ]nXmhmb ssZhw'' ssZhØns‚ ]pXnb \nbaØnse

apgph≥ t]cv CXmWv (H.-t\m. 2 sImcn. 1:3; Fs^. 1:3; sImsem. 1:3; 1 ]s{Xm. 1:3; 1:7 ¬ kam¥camb Hcp

t]cv {i≤n°pI. ssZhw XXzimkv{X]camb Hcp BhiyIXb√, ]ns∂tbm Ah≥ shfn∏mSns‚

ssZhamWv. hm. 5˛6 se ssZhØns‚ c≠p t]cpIƒ {i≤n°pI.

1. ÿncXbpsSbpw BizmkØns‚bpw ssZhw

2. ssZhhpw \ΩpsS I¿Ømhmb tbip{InkvXphns‚ ]nXmhpambh≥

8:25 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: ÿntcm-’m-lhpw 1:7se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw: ]nXmhpw ImWpI.

15:6 ""ssZhw ... XcpamdmIs´'' CXv Hcp B{KlsØtbm {]m¿∞\sbtbm {]ISn∏n°p∂ Hcp hncfamb

`qX-Ime I¿Øcn A\p-hm-Z-I-{In-b-bmWv. ]usem-kns‚ hm. 5˛6 se {]m¿∞\bn¬ c≠v At]£Iƒ

D≠mbncp∂p.

1. GI a\ p≈hcmbncn°phm≥ (12:16; 2 sImcn.13:4; ^nen. 2:2).

2. kvXpXnbn¬ GIkzcØnembncn∏m≥ (hm. 6,7,9).

""ÿncXbpw Bizmkhpw \¬Ip∂ ssZhw'' CXv ssZhØns‚ an°hmdpw hnhcWw \¬Ip∂

t]cmWv (H. -t\m. 15:13; 1 sImcn. 1:3). ssZhØns‚ Cu khntijXIƒ XncphN\ØneqsS

hnizmknIfnte°v hcp∂p (hm. 4). 8:25 se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw: ÿntcm’m-l-Øns‚ Bh-iy-I-X,

ImWp-I.

tdma¿ 14:7˛137AXpsIm≠p {InkvXp ssZhØns‚ alXzØn\mbn \nßsf ssIs°m≠Xpt]mse \nßfpw

At\ym\yw ssIs°mƒhn≥. 8]nXm°∑m¿°p e`n® hmKvZØßsf Dd∏nt°≠Xn∂p 9{InkvXp

ssZhØns‚ kXyw \nanØw ]cnt—Zs\°p ip{iqj°mc\mbnØo¿∂p F∂pw PmXnIƒ

ssZhsØ Ahs‚ IcpW\nanØw alXzoIcnt°Ww F∂pw Rm≥ ]dbp∂p. 10""AXpsIm≠p

Rm≥ PmXnIfpsS CSbn¬ \ns∂ hmgvØn \ns‚ \maØn∂p kvXpXn ]mSpw'' F∂p

FgpXnbncn°p∂pht√m. 11as‰mtcSØp: ""PmXnItf, Ahs‚ P\tØmSp H∂n®p B\μn∏n≥''

F∂pw ]dbp∂p. ""kIe PmXnIfpambpt≈mtc, I¿Ømhns\ kvXpXn∏n≥, kIe hwißfpw

Ahs\ kvXpXn°s´'' F∂pw ]dbp∂p. 12""bn»mbnbpsS thcpw PmXnIsf `cn∏m≥ Fgpt∂ev°p-

∂h\pambh≥ D≠mIpw; Ah\n¬ PmXnIƒ {]Xymish°pw'' F∂p sbiømhp ]dbp∂p.13F∂m¬ {]Xymi \evIp∂ ssZhw, ]cnip≤mflmhns‚ i‡nbm¬ \nßƒ {]Xymibn¬

kar≤nbp≈hcmbn, hnizkn°p∂Xnep≈ kIekt¥mjhpw kam[m\hpw sIm≠p \nßsf

\nsd°pamdmIs´.

15:7

NASB, TEV ""At\ym\yw ssIs°mƒhn≥''

NKJV ""At\ym\yw kzoIcn∏n≥''

NRSV ""At\ym\yw kzmKXw sNbvhn≥''

NJB ""Htc kvt\l-_‘Øn¬ At\ym\yw s]cpamdphn≥''

CXv Hcp a¿Ø-am-\-Ime a[y hn[n-cq]w BWv. hnizmknIƒ XpS¿∂pw At\ym\yw ssIs°mt≈Ww.

F¥psIms≠∂m¬ {InkvXp Ahsc ssIs°m≠p. 14:1 epw CtX kXyw ImWp∂p. F∂ncp∂mepw

ChnsS CXv ssZhw PmXnIsf ssIs°m≈p∂Xns\∏‰nbp≈ Hcp\nc ]gb\nba hmIyßsf ]cnNbs∏Sp-

Øp∂p (hm. 9˛12). CXv tdmam k`bnse kwL¿jsØ {]Xn^en∏n®ncn°Ww.

hnizmknIƒ At\ym\yw Gev]n-®p-sIm-Sp°p∂Xv {InkvXym\nXzØns‚ Hcp khntijXbmWv (H.-

t\m. 1:12; 12:5,10,16; 13:8; 14:13,19; 15:5,7,14; 16:16).

291

""{InkvXp... \nßsf ssIs°m≠Xpt]mse'' CXv Hcp `qX-Ime a[y kqN-I-amWv. ChnsSbmWv

hnizmknbpsS a‰p≈htcmSp≈ {]hrØnIfpsS e£yhpw DtØP\hpw (H.-t\m. 14:3). 14˛mw A[ymbØn¬

{i≤-bq-∂p-∂Xv Xmsg∏dbp∂hbnemWv.

1. {InkvXp bPam\\pw \ymbm[n]\pw, hm. 1˛12

2. BflXymK kvt\lØns‚ amXrIbmb {InkvXp, hm. 13˛23

""ssZhØns‚ alXzØn\mbn'' 3:23 s‚ Ipdn∏p ImWpI.

15:8 ""{InkvXp... ]cnt—Z\sb°p ip{iqjI\mbnØo¿∂p'' ]gb\nba {]hN\Øns‚ ssZhnI

\nhrØnbmWv tbip (H.-t\m. aØm. 10:6; 15:24). CXv tdmam k`bnse hnizmknIfmb sblqZ∑mcpw

PmXnIfpw XΩnep≈ kwL¿jsØ e£yam°nbp≈XmIWw.

NASB ""]nXm°∑m¿°p e`n® hmKvZØßsf Dd∏nt°≠Xn\p ssZhØns‚ kXyw \nanØw''

NKJV ""]nXm°∑m¿°p e`n® hmKvZØßsf Dd∏n°phm≥ ssZhØns‚ kXyØn\pth≠n''

NRSV ""Ah≥ tKm{X-]n-Xm°∑m¿°p \¬Inbncp∂ hmKvZØßsf Dd∏n°phm≥ ssZhØns‚

kXyw \nanØw''

TEV ""ssZhw hnizkvXs\∂p ImWnt°≠Xn\v, AhcpsS ]q¿ΔnItcmSp≈ Ahs‚

hmKvZØßƒ bmYm¿∞yamIphm≥ sblqZ∑m¿ \nanØw''

NJB ""Aßs\ ssZhØn\v tKm{X-]n-Xm°∑m¿°p \¬Inbncp∂ hmKvZØßsf \nh¿Øn-

°phm≥''

an°hmdpw CXv bn{kmtbent\mSp≈ ssZhØns‚ DSºSnbpsS hmKvZØßtfmSv _‘s∏´ncn°p∂p

(H.-t\m. 4:16). F∂ncp∂mepw CXn\v F√m am\hPmXnsbbpw hos≠Sp°p∂Xn\p≈ ssZhØns‚

hmKvZØßsf kqNn∏n°phm≥ Ignbpw (H.-t\m. Dev]. 3:15; 12:3; ]pd. 19:5-˛6; sbi. 2:2˛4; 56:7; 66:18-˛24).

kphntijØns‚ a¿Ωsa∂Xv ssZhØns‚ ]≤Xn F√mbvt∏mgpw {InkvXphneqsS sblqZs\bpw

PmXnsbbpw GtIm]n∏n°p∂psh-∂-XmWv (H.-t\m. Fs^. 2:11˛13:13).

]pXnb \nbaw apgph\mbn ]pXnb H∂√. ]ns∂tbm ]gb\nba {]XymiIfpsS ]q¿ØoIcW-amWv.

{InkvXphns‚ alØmb ZuXyw (1) bn{kmtben\v AhfpsS hmKvZØw sNøs∏´ {]XymibpsS

]q¿ØoIcWhpw (2) PmXnIƒ°v hmXn¬ Xpd∂psImSp°pI F∂Xpambncp∂p (H.-t\m. tdma. 3:29-˛30;

9:30; 10:11-˛12, 16-˛20; 11:25, 32; 16:25; Fs^. 2:11˛ 3:21). ssZhsØ shfns∏SpØpI, PmXnIsf hnizmkØnte°v

BI¿jn°pI F∂nßs\bp≈ AhfpsS kphntijoIcW ZuXyØn¬ ]cmPbs∏´ncp∂Xn\m¬ Cu

km¿Δ{XnI ZuXysØ km£mXvIcn°phm≥ (H.-t\m. aØm. 28:19˛20; eqs°m. 24:47; tbml. 3:16; As∏m.

1:5) tbip Hcp ]pXnb Bflob bn{kmtbens\ i‡oIcn°pIbmWv (9:6; Kem. 6:16).

""Dd∏n°pI'' 4:16 se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw ImWpI.

15:9˛12 PmXnIƒ F√mbvt∏mgpw ssZhØns‚ ]≤XnbpsS Hcp `mKamsW∂v sXfnbn°p∂Xn\p≈

]gb\nba D≤cWnIfpsS Hcp t{iWnbmWnXv. (1:5 se {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw: t_m_ns‚ kphn-ti-j-

hn-lnX ap≥hn-[n-Iƒ ImWpI; H.-t\m. 10:16˛20). CXv Xmsg∏dbp∂ `mKßfn¬ \n∂pap≈ ]gb\nba

D≤cWnIfpsS Hcp t{iWnbmWv.

1. hm. 9 ˛ k¶o. 18:49 AYhm 2 iaq. 22:50

2. hm. 10 ˛ Bh. 32:43

3. hm. 11 ˛ k¶o. 117:1

4. hm. 12 ˛ sbi. 11:1,10

F{_mb Imt\ms‚ Hmtcm mKØp \n∂pw (\ymb{]amWw, {]hmNI∑m¿, FgpØpIƒ) Hcp D≤cWn

hoXw Ds≠∂p≈Xv {i≤n°pI.

15:9 ""ssZhsØ Ahs‚ IcpW \nanØw alXzoIcnt°Ww'' tdmam teJ\Ønse ap≥\n¿ÆbØn\pw

(H.t\m. 9:15,16,18,23) PmXnIfpsS Dƒs∏SpØen\pw (H.t\m. 11:30,31,32; 15:9) ssZhØns‚ IcpW Hcp

ssZhimkv{X]camb Xmt°memWv. bn{kmtbens\ c£n®Xv ssZhØns‚ IcpWbmWv. hnizkn°p∂

PmXnIsf c£n°p∂Xv ssZhØns‚ IcpWbmWv. {]h¿Ø\ coXn am\pjnI {]hrØnb√ (H.t\m.

tdma. 9). ]ns∂tbm Ir] \nd™Xpw am‰an√mØXpamb ssZhnI kz`mhhpw (H.t\m. ]pd. 34:6; s\sl.

9:17; k¶o. 103:8,4; tbmth. 2:13) ainlmsb°p-dn-®p≈ hmKvZØhpamWv (H.t\m. sbi. 11:1,10). PmXnIƒ

Xmsg∏dbp∂hbm¬ ssZhsØ ""alXzs∏SpØp∂p'' F∂Xv Xmev]-cy-P-\-I-am-Wv.

1. G‰p ]d®n¬/kvXpXn

2. ]m v

Hcp hnizmkn ssZhØn\p ]mSptºmƒ Ah≥ G‰p ]dbpIbpw ]ckyambn {]kvXmhn°pIbpamWv.

{]amWßƒ t]mep≈ kvXpXnKoXßƒ G‰p]dben\v aqeyhØmb Hcp am¿§amWv (H.t\m. 10:9˛13).

292

15:13 ""{]Xymi \¬Ip∂ ssZhw'' CXv 14:1 ¬ Bcw`n®ncn°p∂ Hcp ]cyhkm\ ssZhkvXpXn KoXamWv.

{]Xymi \¬Ip∂ ssZhw˛-CXv ssZhØns‚ as‰mcp AXnibIcamb \maamWv.

15:13 ""kIe kt¥mjhpw kam[m\hpw sIm≠p \nßsf \nd°pamdmIs´'' tdmabnse hnizmknIƒ°p

th≠nbp≈ ]usemkns‚ {]m¿∞\sb kqNn∏n°p∂ Hcp `qX-Ime I¿Øcn A\p-hm-Z-I-{In-b-bmWv

BWnXv. ""kIe''Øns‚ km∂n[yw {i≤n°pI (H.t\m. 5:1˛2; 14: )

NASB, NKJV, NRSV ""hnizkn°p∂Xnep≈''

TEV ""Ah\nep≈ \nßfpsS hnizmkØm¬''

NJB ""\nßfpsS hnizmkØn¬''

CXv Hcp h¿Øam\Ime I¿Øcn tIh-e-{Inb BWv. {InkvXphnep≈ hnizmkØnepw ]cnip≤m-

flmhns‚ i‡nbnepw hy‡n]camb kt¥mjØnepw kam[m\Ønepw Bbncn°p∂XneqsSbp≈

\ne\n¬∏ns‚ BflhnizmksØbmWv CXv {]ISn∏n°p∂Xv. {InkvXphnep≈ hnizmkw {]mYanI

{]XnIcWw am{Xa√ ]ns∂tbm PohnXssien {]XnIcWw IqsS-bm-Wv.

""\nßƒ {]Xymibn¬ kar≤nbp≈hcmbn'' CXv s]cns bnHm (perisseuwperisseuwperisseuwperisseuwperisseuw) bpsS Hcp h¿Øam\

Ime I¿Øcn tIh-e-{Inb BWv. ASnÿm\]cambn CXn\¿∞w ""aosX D]cn'' F∂mWv. ""{]Xymi''bv°v

15:4 se Ipdn∏v ImWp∂p.

{]tXyI ]T\ hnjbw: h¿≤n-®p-h-cpI ˛

s]cns bpHm (perisseuwperisseuwperisseuwperisseuwperisseuw)]usemkv Cu ssien an°t∏mgpw D]tbmKn°p∂p.

1. ssZhØns‚ kXyw ... Ahs‚ alXzØn\mbn, tdma. 3:7

2. GI a\pjy\mb tbip{InkvXphns‚ Ir]bmep≈ Zm\hpw ... G‰hpw A[nIw, tdma. 5:15

3. {]Xymibn¬ kar≤nbp≈ hnizmknIƒ, tdma. 15:13

4. Nne {]tXyI Blmcßƒ Ign°p∂XpsImt≠m Ign°mXncn°p∂XpsImt≠m hnizmknIƒ

ssZhtØmSv ASp∏n°s∏Sp∂n√, 1 sImcn. 8:8

5. k`bpsS BflnI h¿≤\bv°mbn hnizmknIƒ k^e∑mcmbncn°pI, 1 sImcn. 14:12

6. hnizmknIƒ I¿Ømhns‚ thebn¬ h¿≤n®phcp∂hcmbncn°pI, 1 sImcn. 15:58

7. {InkvXphns‚ IjvSßƒ hnizmknIfn¬ s]cpIp∂Xpt]mse Xs∂ {InkvXphn\m¬

hnizmknIfpsS Bizmkhpw s]cpIp∂p, 2 sImcn. 1:5

8. \oXnbpsS ip{iqj tXPt dnbXmbncn°pw, 2 sImcn. 4:15

9. hnizmknIfpsS kvtXm{Xw ssZhØns‚ alnabv°mbmWv, 2 sImcn. 4:5

10. hnizmknIfpsS kt¥mjkar≤n, 2 sImcn. 8:2

11. F√m‰n\pw hnizmknIƒ ap¥nbncn°p∂Xpt]mse (hnizmkw, hN\w, ]cn⁄m\w, ]q¿Æ

Pm{KX, kvt\lw) sbcpitew k`bv°pth≠nbp≈ Cu [¿ΩtiJcWØnepw h¿≤n-®p-h-

cWw, 2 sImcn. 8:7

12. hnizmknIfn¬ kIe Ir]bpw s]cpIphm≥, 2 sImcn. 9:8

13. ssZhØn\v hnizmknIfpsS A\h[n kvtXm{Xw, 2 sImcn. 9:12

14. hnizmknIƒ°v [mcmfambn ImWn® ssZhØns‚ Ir]m[\w, Fs^. 1:8

15. hnizmknIfpsS kvt\lw taev°pta¬ h¿≤n®p, ^nen. 1:9

16. ]usemkns\°pdn®p≈ hnizmknIfpsS {]iwk {InkvXptbiphn¬ h¿≤n®p, ^nen. 1:26

17. kar≤nbn¬ Ccn∏m≥, ^nen. 4:12,18

18. kvtXm{XØn¬ Ihn™ncn°p∂ hnizmknIƒ, sImsem. 2:7

19. hnizmknIƒ XΩn¬ kvt\lw h¿≤n∏n®p, 1 sX . 3:12

20. {InkvXphns‚ PohnXcoXnbn¬ h¿≤n®phcnI, 1 sX . 4:1

21. Iq´phnizmknItfmSp≈ kvt\lØn¬ h¿≤n®p hcnI, 1 sX . 4:10

{InkvXphnep≈ ssZhØns‚ Ir]sb°pdn®p≈ ]usemkns‚ [mcW "aosXbpw' "D]cnbp' ambncp∂p.

AXpsIm≠pw "aosXbpw' "D]cnbp' ambp≈ kvt\lØn¬ \St°≠Xpw AhcpsS ssZ\wZn\

PohnXØn¬ kvt\lnt°≠Xpw hnizmknIfpsS BhiyamWv.

""]cnip≤mflmhns‚ i‡nbm¬'' Cu ]pXpbpKØn¬ {InbmflIambncn°p∂ {XnXzØnse hy‡n-

293

bmWv ]cnip≤mflmhv. aqeyØns‚tbm êØns‚tbm \ne\n¬°p∂sXm∂pw Ahs\ IqSmsX

kw`hn°p∂n√ (H.-t\m. 15:19; 1 sImcn. 2:4; 1 sX . 1:5) 8:9 sebpw 8:11 sebpw {]tXyI ]T\hnjbw

ImWpI.









1. tdma. 14:1˛15:13 s‚ tI{μ kXyw F¥mWv?

2. hm. 9˛22 ¬ ]usemkv ]gb\nba thZ`mKßƒ D≤cn°p∂sX¥psIm≠v? F¥p alØmb

kXyamWv Ah ]Tn∏n°p∂Xv?

hm. 14˛13 s‚ ]›mØe Dƒ°mgvNIƒA. A\h[n hn[Øn¬ Cu teJ\Øns‚ Ahkm\ `mKw BZy `mKamb 1:8˛15 t\mSv kam\-

ambncn°p∂p

1. CXv AhcpsS hnizmksØ ]pIgvØp∂p (H.-t\m. 1:8)

2. CXv ]usemkns‚ PmXnIfpsS kphntijØn\mbp≈ As∏mkvXeXzsØ {]Xntcm[n°p∂p

(H.-t\m. 1:13,14).

3. CXv Ahsc kμ¿in°p∂Xn\p≈ ]usemkns‚ B{KlsØ {]kvXmhn°p∂p (H.-t\m. 1:10,

13).

4. CXphscbpw kphntijoIcn°s∏ńń√mØ taJeIfnte°p≈ Xs‚ bm{XIfn¬ Ah¿

klmbn°Wsa∂p≈ ]usemkns‚ B{KlsØ CXv {]ISn∏n®ncn°p∂p (kvs]bn≥, H.-t\m.

1:13).

B. ""ho≠pw tdmam k`bnse hnizmknIfmb sblqZ∑mcpw PmXnIfpw XΩnep≈ kwL¿jsØ-

∏‰nbp≈ kqN\bp≠v. CXv Cu teJ\ØnemIam\w, {]tXyIn®v 9˛11; 14:1-˛15:13 A[ymbßfn¬,

]tcm£amtbm t\cnt´m kqNn∏n®n´p≠v.

C. As∏mkvXes\∂ \nebnep≈ BZnak`bnse ]usemkns‚ \nesb kw_‘n® kwL¿j-

sØ∏‰nbpw Hcp kqN\bp≠v. hm. 15˛19; 1:2,5 `mKØv Xm≥ Xs∂Øm≥ {]Xntcm[n°p∂Xmbn

ImWp∂p.

D. Cu kmln-Xy-L-SIw c≠v hnjbßƒ Dƒs°m≈p∂p.

1. ]usemkns‚ kphntijoIcW]chpw PmXnIsf e£yam°nbpap≈ ip{iqj (H.-t\m. hm. 14-

˛21).

2. Cu e£yw km[yam°p∂Xn\pth≠nbp≈ ]usemkns‚ bm{Xm ]≤XnIƒ Xs∂ tdmaneqsS

sIm≠pt]mtb°mw (H.-t\m. hm. 22˛23).

]Z, ssieo ]T\w

tdma¿ 15:14˛2114ktlmZc∑mtc, \nßƒ Xt∂ Zbm]q¿Æcpw kIe ⁄m\hpw \nd™hcpw At\ym\yw

{]t_m[n∏n∏m≥ {]m]vXcpw BIp∂p F∂p Rm≥ \nßsf°pdn®p Dsd®ncn°p∂p. 15F¶nepw

PmXnIƒ F∂ hgn]mSp ]cnip≤mflmhn\m¬ hnip≤oIcn°s∏´p {]kmZIcambnØocphm≥

Rm≥ ssZhØns‚ kphntij tLmjWw ]ptcmlnX\mbn A\pjvTn®psIm≠p PmXnIfn¬

{InkvXptbiphns‚ ip{iqjI\mbncnt°≠Xn∂p, 16ssZhw F\n°p \evInb Ir] \nanØw

\nßsf Hm¿Ωs∏SpØpwhÆw Rm≥ NnebnSØp AXnss[cyambn \nßƒ°p FgpXnbncn°p∂p.17{InkvXptbiphn¬ F\n°p ssZhkw_‘ambn {]iwk D≠p. 18{InkvXp Rm≥ apJm¥cw

294

PmXnIfpsS A\pkcWØn\mbn´p hN\Ømepw {]hrØnbmepw ASbmfßfpsSbpw

A¤pXßfpsSbpw i‡nsIm≠pw ]cnip≤mflmhns‚ i‡nsIm≠pw {]h¿Øn®Xp A√msX

as‰m∂pw an≠phm≥ Rm≥ Xp\nbpIbn√. 19Aßs\ Rm≥ sbcqitewapX¬ C√pcytZitØmfw

Np‰nk©cn®p {InkvXphns‚ kphntijtLmjWw ]qcn∏n®ncn°p∂p. 20Rm≥ as‰mcphs‚

ASnÿm\Ønt∑¬ ]WnbmXncnt°≠Xn∂p {InkvXphns‚ \maw Adn™n´p≈ CSØne√,21""Ahs\°pdn®p Adnhp Inóń√mØh¿ ImWpw; tIńń√mØh¿ {Kln°pw'' F∂p

FgpXnbncn°p∂Xpt]mse At{X, kphntijw Adnbn∏m≥ A nam\n°p∂Xp.

15:14

NASB ""Fs‚ ktlmZc∑mtc \nßsf°pdn®p ... Rm≥ Dd®ncn°p∂p''

NKJV ""Fs‚ ktlmZc∑mtc Ct∏mƒ Rm≥ \nßsf°pdn®p Bflhnizmkap≈h\mIp∂p''

NRSV ""Fs‚ ktlmZoktlmZc∑msc \nßsf°pdn®v F\n°v Bflhnizmkap≠v''

TEV ""Fs‚ ktlmZcßtf Rm≥ \nßsf°pdn®v Dd∏p≈-h-\mbncn°p∂p''

NJB ""Fs‚ ktlmZc∑mtc F\n°v \nßsf°pdn®v Fs¥¶nepw kwibap≈XpsIm≠√, t\sc

adn®v F\n°v \nßsf°pdn®v \√ Dd∏mWv''

""Rm≥'' {Ko°n¬ hfsc Du∂n∏dbp∂XmWv (Hmt´m CutKm). ]usemkv hmkvXhambpw k`sb

A`n\μn°pIbmWv (""t_m≤ys∏ńcn°p∂p'', ]q¿Æ I¿ΩnWn kqNIw).

hm. 14 ¬ tdmabnse Cu {InkvXym\nIsf°pdn®v ]usemkv aq∂p Imcyßƒ {]Jym]n°p∂p.

1. Ah¿ Zbm]q¿ÆcmWv (h¿Øam\Ime I¿Øcn kqNIw)

2. Ah¿ kIe ⁄m\hpw \nd™hcmWv (h¿Øam\Ime I¿ΩnWn A]q¿Æ-{Inb)

3. Ah¿ At\ym\yw {]t_m[n∏n∏m≥ {]m]vXcmWv (]q¿Æ I¿ΩWn A]q¿Æ-{Inb).

Cu hmIyw kqNn∏n°p∂Xv, ]usemkv Hcp ]pXnb ktμiw Ahcnte°v sIm≠phcnIb√ ]ns∂tbm

Ah¿°v t\csØ Xs∂ e`n®ncp∂ kphm¿Øsb hnhcn°pIbpw hy‡am°pIbpw sNøpIbmbncp∂p-

sh∂mWv (hm. 15).

""\nßƒ Xs∂ Zbm]q¿Æcpw'' H∂masØ ssienbn¬ ""Rm≥ Xs∂'' F∂v Du∂n∏d™ncn°p∂Xp-

t]mse ChnsS ""\nßƒ Xs∂'' F∂v Du∂n∏d™ncn°pIbmWv. ""\ndhv'' F∂ ]ZØn\¿∞w

(sakvt‰mkv) ""\nd™'' AYhm ""Xnßnhnßnb'' F∂mWv. ]usemkv Cu ]Zw c≠p XhW D]tbmKn®p,

c≠pw tdmadn¬ Xs∂bmWv (1:29; 15:14).

""\nd™''F∂ (πotdm-Hm˛plhrowplhrowplhrowplhrowplhrow) ]Zw Hcp ]q¿Æ I¿ΩWn A]q¿Æ-{Inb BWv. ]usemkv Cu

]Zw tdmadn¬ an°t∏mgpw D]tbmKn®ncn°p∂p (1:29; 8:4; 13:8; 15:13,14,19). πotdmam F∂ \mahpw Xm≥

tdmadn¬ an°t∏mgpw D]tbmKn°p∂p (11:12,25; 13:10; 15:29). F∂m¬ \mahntijWw Xs‚ teJ\ßfn¬

HcnSØpan√.

kvt\lØnepw tkh\Ønepw \nd™pIhnbp∂Xn\mbn Hcp ]q¿Æ kphntijw hnizmknIsf

]cn]q¿Æambn \nd°Wsa∂p≈Xmbncp∂p ]usemkns‚ B{Klw. hnizmknIƒ°v Bhiyambncn°p∂-

sX√mw Ah¿°v {InkvXphn¬ D≠v. Ah¿ Cu Dd∏v AwKoIcn°pIbpw kzoIcn°bpw sNtø≠Xp≠v.

""Zbm]q¿Æcpw kIe ⁄m\hpw \nd™hcpw'' Cu ]Zßƒ a\ nem°phm≥ c≠v am¿§ßfp≠v

(1) sXm´papºp≈ enJnX hn`mKtØmSv Ah ]›mØe kw_‘ambn _‘s∏ńcn°p∂p ˛ 14:1˛15:13˛

Zzbm¿∞w hcp∂ thZ]pkvXI taJeIfn¬ D≈ A`n{]mb hyXymkßfpsS a[yØnepw hnizmknIƒ°v

At\ym\yap≈ kvt\lw. CXv 14:16; 15:2 F∂nhnSßfnsebpw ChnSpsØbpw ""\∑'' F∂ ]ZØns‚

s]mXpshbp≈ hnizmkw, {]hrØn, bmYmÿnXnIXzhpw bmYmÿnXnI s]cpam‰w F∂nhbpsS apgph≥

kphntijhpambn _‘s∏ńcn°p∂p.

""At\ym\yw {]t_m[n∏n∏m≥ {]m]vXcpw'' ]ckv]cw t{]m’mln∏n°phm\pw {]t_m[n∏n°phm\p-

ambmWv k` ssZhØm¬ cq]Iev]\ sNøs∏ńcn°p∂Xv (1 sImcn. 12:7; sImsem. 3:16; 1 sX . 5:14; 2

sX . 3:15). \mw c£n°s∏ńcn°p∂Xv tkhn°phm\mWv, AXmbXv At\ym\yw tkhn°pIhgn

ssZhsØ tkhn°phm≥! \mw icocØns‚ BtcmKyØn\pw hf¿®bv°pambn Pohnt°≠XmWv.

15:16 ""AXnss[cyambn \nßƒ°p FgpXnbncn°p∂p'' ]usemkv sImcn¥n¬ \n∂pamWv tdma¿°p≈

Xs‚ teJ\w FgpXnbXv. Xs‚ teJ\ßfn¬ ss[cyambncn°pIbpw F∂m¬ t\cn¬ hcptºmƒ

_elo\ambncn°pIbpw sNøp∂Xns\ kw_‘n®v hntcm[ ]£ßfnsem∂n\m¬ Xm≥ Bt£]n-

°s∏ńcp∂p. ""ss[cyambn'' F∂ Cu ]ZØns‚ {Inbmcq]w 2 sImcn. 10:2,12; 11:21 F∂nhnSßfn¬

ImWs∏Sp∂p≠v. ]usemkns‚ ss[cyw h∂n´p≈Xv Xs‚ c£, hnfn, kphntijsØ°pdn®p≈ Adnhv

F∂nhbn¬ \n∂pamWv.

""ssZhw F\n°p \¬Inb Ir] \nanØw'' ]usemkv Xs∂ hnfn®Xpw, c£n®Xpw, Zm\w \¬InbXpw

PmXnIfpsS CSbnte°v Ab®Xpamb ssZhIr]sb∏‰nbmWv ]cma¿in°p∂Xv (1:5; 12:3; 1 sImcn. 3:10;

295

15:10; Kem. 2:9; Fs^. 3:7-˛8). Xs‚ As∏mkvXeXzsØbpw A[nImcsØbpw {]Jym]n°p∂ Hcp

coXnbmWnXv (1:1,5).

15:16 ""hgn]mSp ... {]kmZIcambnØocphm≥ ... A\pjvTn®psIm≠p... ip{iqjI\mbncnt°≠Xn∂p''

hm. 15, 16 \nc-h[n ]utcm-lnXy ]Z-ßfpw ssien-Ifpw AS-ßn-b-cn-°p∂p. ""ip{iq-j-I≥'' F∂ ]Zw hm.

27 ¬ ]utcm-lnXy ip{iq-jsb kw_-‘n®v D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. F{_m. 8:2 ¬ CXv {InkvXp-hns‚

ip{iq-j-sb-°p-dn®p ]d-bp-hm≥ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. ]usemkv Xs∂-Øs∂ PmXn-Isf ssZh-Øn\p

ka¿∏n-°p∂ Hcp ]ptcm-l-X-\mbn I≠p (H.-t\m. 2:17). CXp bn{km-tb-ens‚ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-am-bn-cp∂p (H.-

t\m. ]pd. 19:5˛6; sbi. 66:20). k`bv°v Cu kphn-ti-jo-I-cW DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw \¬I-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂p (H.-t\m.

aØm. 28:18-˛20; eqs°m. 24:47; {]hr. 1:8). 1 ]s{Xm. 2:5,9 epw shfn. 1:6 epw k` ]gb \nba ]utcm-lnXy

]Z-ß-fm¬ hnfn-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p.

""ssZh-Øns‚ kphn-tijw'' CXv tbip-hns‚ kphn-tijw am{X-a√ (H.-t\m. a¿s°m. 1:1; tdma. 1:16;

15:19; 1 sImcn. 9:12,18; 2 sImcn. 2:12; 4:4; 9:13; 10:14; Kem. 1:7 BZn.) ""ssZh-Øns‚ kphn-tijw'' F∂pw hnfn-

°-s∏-Sp∂p (H.-t\m. a¿s°m. 1:14; sda. 15:16; 2 sImcn. 11:7; 1 sX . 2:2,8,9; 1 ]s{Xm. 4:17). CXv Dev]. 3:15; 12:3;

]pd. 19:5˛6 ¬ hmKvZØw sNø-s∏-´Xpw sbi-øm-hn¬ an°-t∏mgpw {]h-Nn-°-s∏-´-Xp-amb (H.-t\m. sbi.

2:2˛4; 51:4,5) ssZh-lr-Z-b-Øns‚ ]q¿Øo-I-c-W-am-Wv.

""]cnip≤mflmhn\m¬ hnip≤oIcn°s∏´p'' CXv Hcp ]q¿Æ I¿ΩWn A]q¿Æ-{In-b-bm-Wv. CXn-

\¿∞w ""]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-\m¬ XpSsc hnip-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂p'' F∂m-Wv. CXp ho≠pw sblq-

Zcpw PmXn-I-fp-amb hnizm-kn-I-fpsS a[y-Ønse kwL¿jsØ {]Xn- -en-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-Imw. ]usemkv hy‡-

ambn ÿm]n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv PmXn-Iƒ XpSsc ]q¿Æ-ambn ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-\m¬ hnip-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-

cp-∂p-sh-∂mWv (H.-t\m. 6:11).

15:17˛-19 {XntbI ssZh-Øns‚ GIo-`-hn-®p≈ {]hrØn {i≤n-°pI: ssZh-Øn\v (H.-t\m. hm. 17), tbip-

hn¬ (H.-t\m. hm. 17), ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ i‡n-bm¬ (H.-t\m. hm. 19). ssZh-Xz-Ønse aq∂v Bf-Xz-ßsf

{i≤n-°p-I. {XnXzw F∂ ]Zw thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn-ep-≈-X-s√-¶nepw Bibw thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn-te-XmWv (H.-

t\m. aØm. 3:16-˛17; 28:19; {]hr. 2:33-˛34; tdma. 8:9˛10; 1 sImcn. 12:4˛6; 2 sImcn. 1:21; 13:14; Fs^. 1:13-˛14; 4:4˛6;

XosØm. 3:4˛6; 1 ]s{Xm. 1:17). 8:11 se {]-tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: {XnXzw ImWp-I.

15:18˛-19 PmXn-I-fpsS CS-bnse Xs‚ ip{iqj ê-{]-Z-am-b-Xns‚ hyXykvX hgn-I-fpsS ]ńI ]usemkv

\¬In-bn-cn-°p∂p (1) hN-\-Øm¬; (2) {]hr-Øn-bm¬; (3) AS-bm-f-ß-fm¬; (4) A¤p-X-ß-fm¬; (5) Bflm-

hns‚ i‡n-bm¬.

#5 ""Bflm-hn''-t\m-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬ Isø-gpØp {]Xn-I-fn¬ hyXym-kw -Im-Wmw (A-Xm. Isø-gpØp

{]Xn B); Nne {Ko°p {]Xn-I-fn¬ ""]cn-ip-≤m-flmhv'' F∂pw (A-Xm. Isø-gpØp {]Xn A, D*); Nne-Xn¬

""ssZh-Øns‚ Bflmhv'' F∂pw (A-Xm. Isø-gpØp {]Xn P46, a, D1) ImWmw. Cu \nc-h[n hyXy-kvX-X-

Ifpw ssZh-izm-ko-b-a-√mØ Iqń-t®¿°-ep-Ifpw ]mT-`m-K-Øns‚ kXysØ _m[n-°p-∂n-√. CXp ]pXnb

\nb-a-Øns‚ ssien-bpsS \ne-hmcw sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n ]nev°m-eØv ]I¿s∏-gp-Øp-Im¿ \S-

Ønb Hcp km[m-cW {ia-am-Wv. ""ssZh-Øns‚ Bflmhv'' F∂Xn\v UBS4 “C”td‰nwKv (Xocp-am-\n-°m≥

{]bm-k-ap-≈Xv) \¬Ip∂p.

15:18 ""PmXnIfpsS A\pkcWØn\mbn´p'' F√m-bvt]mgpw ssZh-Øns‚ e£yw Xs‚ kz`mhw {]Xn-^-

en-∏n-°p∂ Hcp P\-am-bn-cp-∂p. tbip-hns‚ kphn-tijw Dev]. 3 ¬ \jvS-s∏-´p-t]mb ssZh-Øns‚ kzcq-

]sØ hos≠-Sp-°p-∂p. ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ ASpØ Iq´mbva sXfn-bn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv ssZhnI kz`m-h-Øm-em-

Wv. {InkvXym-\n-Xz-Øns‚ e£yw Ct∏mƒ ssZhtØm-Sp≈ Iq´m-bvabpw {InkvXp-km-Zr-iy-hp-amWv!

""hN\Ømepw {]hrØnbmepw'' CXp ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂Xv tdmanse hnizm-kn-I-fpsS A\p-k-c-W-sØ-

b√ ]usem-kns‚ ip{iq-j-sb-bm-Wv. CXp hy‡-ambpw Bflm-hns‚ i‡n-bp-ambn hm. 19 ¬ _‘-s∏-ń-

cn-°p-∂p.

15:19 ""ASbmfßfpsSbpw A¤pXßfpsSbpw i‡n-sIm≠pw'' kphn-ti-j-Øn-eqsS {]h¿Øn-°p∂

ssZh-Øns‚ i‡nsb hni-Zo-I-cn-®p-sIm≠v Cu c≠p ]Z-ßƒ A\-h[n {]mhiyw As∏m. {]hr-Øn-bn¬

D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p≠v (H.-t\m. 14:8˛10; 16:16˛18,25,26; 20:9˛12; 28:8˛9). Ch amdn-amdn ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. IrXy-ambpw

CXv F¥n-s\-bmWp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv ˛ A¤p-X-ß-sftbm AtXm ]cn-h¿Ø-\-ß-sftbm ˛ F∂p hy‡-a-

√. ChnsS ho≠pw CXp ]usem-kns‚ As∏m-kvX-e-XzsØ kw_-‘n-®p≈ kwL¿j-Øns‚ Hcp kqN-

\-bm-Imw. ssZhw sbcq-i-te-an¬ ]¥n-cp-h-cpsS {]hrØn Dd-∏m-°n-b-Xp-t]mse Ah≥ PmXn-I-fpsS a[y-

Øn¬ ]usem-kns‚ {]hr-Ønbpw \nco-£n-°m-hp-∂- hn-[-Øn-ep≈ AS-bm-f-ß-fn-eqsS Dd-∏n-®p.

""{InkvXphns‚ kphntijtLmjWw ]qcn∏n®ncn°p∂p'' CXv πotdmHm (plhrow) F∂ ]Z-Øns‚

(H.-t\m. hm. 14) Hcp ]q¿Æ I¿Øcn tIh-e-{In-b-bm-Wv. CXp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv ]usemkv Xs‚ saUn-‰-td-

296

\n-b≥ {]tZ-isØ {]kw-K-ip-{iqj ]q¿Øn-bm-b-Xmbn hniz-kn®p F∂mWv (H.-t\m. hm. 23).

""C√pcytZitØmfw'' Z¬amXy F∂p Adn-b-s∏-ń-cp∂p Cu tdma≥ {]hniy {Ko°v D]-Zzo-]ns‚ hS°p

]Sn-™mdv (am-kn-tUm-Wn-b) A{Un-bm-‰nIv IS-ens‚ Ing-°p-h-iØv ÿnXn-sN-bvXn-cp∂p. ]usemkv AhnsS

{]kw-Kn-®-Xmbn {]hr-Øn-I-fn¬ Hcn-SØpw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-ń-√, F¶nepw Ah≥ AhnsS sN∂-Xmbn kqNn-

∏n-®n-´p≠v (H.-t\m. 20:1˛2). ""...-tØmfw'' F∂-Xn-\¿∞w ""AXn-tcmfw'' AYhm ""{]tZ-i-ß-fn¬'' F∂m-Wv.

15:20 ""{InkvXphns‚ \maw Adn™n´p≈ CSØne√ ... kphntijw Adnbn∏m≥ A`nam\n°p∂Xp''

CXm-bn-cp-∂p ]usemkv ]n¥p-S¿∂n-cp∂- anj-\dn \bw (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 3:10; 2 sImcn. 10:15-˛16). kphn-

tijw tIƒ°p-hmt\m kzoI-cn-°p-ht\m Hcn-°epw Ah-kcw e`n-®n-ń-√mØ PmXn-I-tfmSv kphn-tijw

{]kw-Kn-°m-\mWv ]usemkv B{K-ln-®-Xv. Ah≥ km[m-c-W-ambpw Xnc-s™-Sp-ØXv tdmam-km-{am-Py-Ønse

X{¥-]-c-amb \K-c-ß-sf-bm-Wv. ImcWw AhnsS ÿm]n-°-s∏-Sp∂ k`-Iƒ°v Np‰p-ap≈ {]tZ-i-ßsf

kphn-ti-jo-I-cn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp∂p

15:21 sbi. 52:15 s‚ sk]v‰z-Pn‚n¬ \n∂p≈ D≤-c-Wn-bmWv Cu hmIyw. PmXn-Iƒ ssZh-sØ-°p-dn®p

tIƒ°p-∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®mWv Cu hmIyw ]d-bp-∂-Xv. ]usemkv CXns\ Xs‚ anj-\dn \b-ambn Xnc-s™-

Sp-Øp.

tdma¿ 15:22- 2922AXpsIm≠p Xt∂ Rm≥ \nßfpsS ASp°¬ hcp∂Xn∂p ]et∏mgpw apS°w h∂p.

23Ct∏mtgm F\n°p Cu Zn°pIfn¬ C\n ÿean√mbvIbmepw Atßm´p hcphm≥ At\I

kwh’cambn hmRvO D≠mIsIm≠pw, 24Rm≥ kv]m\ybnte°p bm{X sNøptºmƒ t]mIp∂

hgn°p \nßsf Im◊m\pw BZyw \nßsf I≠p kt¥mjn®tijw \nßfm¬ bm{X Ab°-

s∏Sphm\pw Bin°p∂p. 25Ct∏mtgm Rm≥ hnip≤∑m¿°p ip{iqj sNbvhm≥ sbcqiteante°p

bm{XbmIp∂p. 26sbcqiteanse hnip≤∑mcn¬ Zcn{Zcmbh¿°p GXm\pw [¿tΩm]Imcw

sNbvhm≥ as°tZm\ybnepw AJmbbnepw D≈h¿°p C„w tXm∂n. 27Ah¿°v C„w tXm∂n

F∂p am{Xa√, AXp Ah¿°p IShpw BIp∂p; PmXnIƒ AhcpsS BflnI\∑Ifn¬

Iq´mfnIƒ Bsb¶n¬ sFlnI \∑Ifn¬ Ah¿°p ip{iqj sNbvhm≥ ISsºńcn°p∂pht√m.28Rm≥ AXp \n h¿Øn®p Cu êw Ah¿°p Gev]n®p t_m≤yw hcpØnbtijw \nßfpsS

hgnbmbn kv]m\ybnte°p t]mIpw. 29Rm≥ \nßfpsS ASp°¬ hcptºmƒ {InkvXphns‚

A\p{Kl]q¿ØntbmsS hcpw F∂p Rm≥ Adnbp∂p.

15:22 ""AXpsIm≠p'' ImcWw hm. 20 ¬ hnh-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

""Rm≥ ... hcp∂Xn∂p ]et∏mgpw apS°w h∂p'' CsXmcp A]q¿Æ I¿ΩWn kqN-I-am-Wv. Xm≥

ho≠pw ho≠pw XS-b-s∏´p (H.-t\m. hm. 13). Bcm-WXp sNbvXXv F∂p ]d-™n-ń-√. AXp ssZh-tam, km-

Øm-t\m, ZpjvS-a-\p-jytcm As√-¶n¬ a‰p kphn-tij Ah-k-c-ßtfm Bbn-cn-°mw.

sImcn-¥n-em-bn-cp-∂-t∏m-gmWv ]usemkv tdmam-te-J\w Fgp-Xn-b-sX-t∂m¿°p-I. sImcn-¥y k`-bn¬\n-

∂p≈ B{I-a-W-ßƒ ]usem-kns\ h√msX _m[n-®-Xn-\m¬ Bbn-cn°mw Ah\v bm{X ho≠pw ho≠pw

am‰n-sh-t°≠n h∂-Xv.

15:23 ""Ct∏mtgm F\n°p Cu Zn°pIfn¬ C\n ÿean√mbvIbmepw'' Cu hmIyw Gjym-ssa-\-dn-

s‚tbm saUn-‰-td-\n-b≥ IS-en\p Ing°p≈ {]tZ-i-Øn-s‚tbm ]cnan-Xn-bn¬ a\- n-em-°-Ww. Cu {]tZ-

isØ F√m-bn-SØpw F√m-h-tcmSpw ]usemkv {]kw-Kn-®n-ń-√, adn®v Nne-tcmSp am{Xw.

""Atßm´p hcphm≥ At\Ikwh’cambn hmRvO D≠mIsIm≠pw'' ]usemkv an°-t∏mgpw tdmw

kμ¿in-°m-\p≈ Xs‚ B{Klw {]I-Sn-∏n-®n-cp∂p (H.-t\m. 1:10-˛15; {]hr. 19:21; 23:11).

Cu hnjbw kw_-‘n®v UBS4 s‚ ^p´vt\m-ń¬ tN¿Øn-ń-√mØ Isø-gpØp {]Xn-I-fnse hyXymkw

D≠v. BZna {Ko°p Isø-gpØp {]Xn-Ifmb P46, a, A, D, F, G, L F∂nhbn¬ hm. 22¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p≈

""]e-t∏mgpw'' (poluj) F∂ hm°v tN¿Øn-cn-°p∂p. F∂m¬ Isø-gpØp {]Xn-Ifmb B, C, P F∂nhbn¬

""At\I'' (ikanoj) F∂ hm°v tN¿Øn-cn-°p∂p. ]nev°me ]I¿s∏-gp-Øp-Im¿°v ]usem-kns‚ AXn-{]-

kvXm-h\ AwKo-I-cn-°m≥ _p≤n-ap´p tXm∂n-bn-cn-°mw.

15:24 ""Rm≥ kv]m\ybnte°p bm{X sNøptºmƒ'' tdmam-km-{am-Py-Øns‚ ]Sn-™mdp `mK-tØ°p

k©-cn-°p-hm≥ ]usemkv B{K-ln®p (H.-t\m. 2 sImcn. 10:16). As∏m. {]hr-Øn-I-fpsS Ah-km\w Ah≥

tdma≥ XS-hn¬\n∂pw tamNn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw \memw anj-\dn bm{X Bcw-`n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu \memw

bm{X-bn-emWv CSb teJ-\-ßƒ (1 Xnsam-sY-sbm-kv, 2 Xnsam-sY-sbm-kv, XosØm-kv) Fgp-Xn-b-Xv. CXn-s\-

°p-dn®v Hcp ]cm-a¿iw 2 Xnsam. 4:10 ¬ ImWmw. H∂mw \q‰m-≠n\p apºv cN\ \n¿hln® tdmanse ¢a‚ v

297

""sImcn-¥y¿°v Fgp-Xnb teJ\w'' 5:7 ¬ ]usemkv ""]Sn-™m-d≥ {]tZ-i-ß-fn-te°v'' bm{X sNbvX-

Xmbn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

""\nßfm¬ bm{X Ab°s∏Sphm\pw'' Cu {]kvXm-h\ k©mc kphn-ti-j-I¿°v Ah-cpsS ASpØ

{]kw-K-ÿ-e-tØ°v FØn-t®-cp-∂-Xn-\p≈ klm-b-Øn-\p≈ kmt¶-XnI ssien-bm-bn-Øo¿∂p (H.-t\m.

{]hr. 15:3; 1 sImcn. 16:6,11; 2 sImcn. 1:16; XosØm. 3:13; 3 tbml. 6). sbcq-i-te-anse k`bv°v Bizm-k-\n[n

\¬Im≥ tdmanse k` {]m]vX-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. F∂m¬ ]usem-kns‚ ]Sn-™m-tdm-´p≈ anj-\dn bm{X-

Iƒ°v kmº-ØnI klmbw \¬Im≥ Ah¿°p Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p.

15:25 ""hnip≤∑m¿°p ip{iqj sNbvhm≥'' [\-ti-J-c-W-tØm-Sp≈ _‘-Øn-emWv Cu {]tbmKw D]-

tbm-Kn-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂Xv (H.-t\m. hm. 31; 1 sImcn. 16:15; 2 sImcn. 8:4; 9:1). 1:7 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw:

hnip-≤-∑m¿ ImWp-I.

15:26 ""sbcqiteanse hnip≤∑mcn¬ Zcn{Zcmbh¿°p'' ]usemkv \nc-h[n h¿j-ß-fmbn (1) Kem-Xy-

bn¬ \n∂pw Gjym-ssa-\-dn¬\n∂pw (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 16:1˛4), (2) a°-tZm-\y-bn¬\n∂pw AJm-b-bn¬\n∂pw

(H.-t\m. 2 sImcn. 8˛9) Cu [\-ti-J-cWw \S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cp∂p (12:13 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: Iq´mbva

(sIm-bvt\m-\n-b) ImWp-I). At¥ym-Iy-bnse k`-bn¬ \n∂mWv Ah≥ Cu Bibw Inń-bXv (H.-t\m.

{]hr. 11:30; 12:25). BZna k`-bpsS c≠p Nnd-Ip-Isf ˛ sblq-Z\pw PmXn-Ifpw ˛ sFIy-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xn\p

klm-bn-°p-hm-\m-bn-cp∂p AXv. PmXob k`-Iƒ AXp sNøp-∂-Xn¬ ""CjvSw'' D≈-h-cm-bn-cp∂p F∂p ]d-

™n-cn-°p∂p (H.-t\m. hm. 26,27). Xmsg sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ {]tXyI ]T\w hnjbw ImWp-I.

{]tXyI ]T\w hnjbw: hni∏v

I. apJ-hpc

A. hogvN kw`-hn® krjvSnsbbpw a\p-jy-h¿§-sØbpw Ft∏mgpw Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p∂ bmYm¿∞y-amWv

hni-∏v.

B. Xn∑, IjvSX F∂o {]iv\-ß-fpsS Hcp hi-amWv hni-∏v. AXns‚ tlXp ssZh-a√ a\p-jy-\m-

Wv. ssZhw Xs‚ DS-ºSn P\-Xsb A\p-{K-ln-°p-hmt\m in£n-°p-hmt\m Im¿jnI A\p-{K-l-

ß-sftbm im]-sØtbm D]-tbm-Kn-°p-sa-¶nepw (B-h. 27-˛28) CXv Ahn-izm-kn-I-fpsS Imcy-

Øn¬ s]mXpth icn-bm-bn-cp-∂n√ (a-Øm. 5:45). hni∏v AXym-{K-l-Øn-s‚bpw kzm¿∞-X-bp-

sSbpw ùXn-I-hm-Zn-I-fmb a\p-jy-s‚bpw Hcp DZm-l-cWw IqSn-bm-Wv. hni∏v F∂ {]iv\w

tIhew `£-a-Øns‚ hnjbw am{X-a√ adn®v am\p-jnI t{]c-W-bp-sSbpw ap≥K-W-\-I-fp-sSbpw

hnjbw IqSn-bm-Wv.

C. hos≠-Sp-°-s∏´ a\p-jy-h¿§-Øn\v ssZh-kvt\lw {]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Hcp Ah-k-c-amav

hni-∏v.

II. thZ-]p-kvXI hkvXp-X-Iƒ

A. ]gb \nbaw

1. tamsi

a. ]pcm-X\ bn{km-tb-ense aq∂p Zimw-i-ß-fn-sem∂v Zcn-{Z¿°p-th-≠n-bm-bn-cp∂p (B-h.

14:28-˛29)

b. Zcn-{Z¿°p `£-W-Øn-\p≈ {]tXyI Icp-X-ep-Iƒ \ymb-{]-amWw e`y-am-°n-bn-cp∂p (]p-

d. 23:11; tehy. 19:10; 23:22; Bh. 24:19-˛22).

c. \ymb-{]-amWw sNehp Ipd™ bmK-ßƒ Zcn{Z¿°p-th≠n e`y-am-°n-bn-cp∂p (te-hy.

14:21)

d. bn{km-tb¬ Zcn-{Z-tcmSpw Bh-iy-Øn-en-cn-°p-∂-h-tcmSpw a\- -enhpw HuZm-cyhpw ImWn°-

W-am-bn-cp∂p (B-h. 15:7˛11, H.-t\m. Ctøm. 29:16; 30:25; 31:16˛23).

2. ⁄m\ -km-lnXyw

a. Zcn-{Zsc klm-bn-®-h¿°v {]tXyIw A\p-{K-l-ßƒ Icp-Xn-sh-®n-cp∂p (k-¶o. 41:4)

b. Zcn-{Zsc klm-bn-°p-∂Xv ssZhsØ klm-bn-°p-∂-Xn\p Xpey-am-bn-cp∂p (k-Zr. 14:31;

17:5; 19:17)

3. {]hm-N-I-∑m¿

a. kmaq-lnI \oXn-bp-sSbpw Zcn-{Zsc klm-bn-°p-∂-Xn-s‚bpw coXn-bn-ep≈ Bcm-[-\-bmWv

B{K-ln-®Xv (sb-i. 58:6˛7; aoJm 6:8)

b. ssZhnI ktμ-i-Øns‚ Hcp AS-bmfw AXv Zcn-{Z-tcmSpw Bh-iy-Øn-en-cn-°p-∂-h-tcmSpw

298

{]kw-Kn®p F∂-XmWv (sb-i. 61:1˛2)

c. ssZh-Øns‚ {]hm-N-I≥ kmlq-lnI Nqj-W-Øn-s\-Xnsc hnc¬ Nq≠n (B-tam. 2:6˛8;

5:10˛13; aoJm)

B. ]pXnb \nbaw

1. kphn-ti-j-ßƒ

a. Zcn-{Zsc klm-bn-°m≥ \n¿t±-in-®n-cn-°p∂p (a¿s°m. 10:21; eqs°m. 3:11)

b. tbip-hns‚ \ma-Øn¬ a‰p-≈-h-tcm-Sp≈ \ΩpsS kmaq-lnI kvt\l-Øns‚ #vSn-ÿm-\-

Øn-emWp \mw hn[n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

c. a¿s°m. 14:7 Zcn-{Z-tcm-Sp≈ tbip-hns‚ Icp-X-en-√m-bvasb kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p-sh∂ ań¬

sX‰n-≤-cn-°-s∏-ń-cp-∂p. Cu hmIyw Ahs‚ AXp-ey-Xsb FSp-Øp-Im-´p-∂-Xn-\p-≈-Xm-

bn-cp∂p A√msX Zcn-{Zsc XmgvØn-°-f-bp-∂-Xn-\p-≈-X-√m-bn-cp-∂p.

d. sbi. 61:1˛2 kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv ssZhØns‚ ktμ-i-Øns‚ kzoI¿Øm-°ƒ kmt¶-Xn-I-

ambn H‰-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-´-h-cm-sW-∂mWv (eq-s°m. 4:18; 7:22; 14:21).

2. ]usemkv

a. sbcq-itew k`-bnse Zcn-{Z¿°p-th-≠n-bp≈ Hcp {]tXyI kvt\l-kw-`m-h\ F∂

Bibw ]usemkv ]Tn-®Xv kndn-b-bnse At¥ym-Iy-bn¬\n-∂m-bn-cp∂p (tdma. 15:26; 1

sImcn. 16:1; 2 sImcn. 8:4,19; Kem. 2).

b. ]usemkv Ir]bv°pw hnizm-k-Øn\pw {]hr-Øn-Iƒ°pw Du∂¬ \¬Ip∂p (F-s].

2:8˛10)

3. bmt°m_v (]p.-\n. -⁄m\ kmln-Xyw)

a. kmaq-lnI {]Xn-_-≤-X-bn-√mØ {InkvXp-hn-eqsS ssZh-Øn-ep≈ hnizmkw tcmK-{K-kvX-

am-b-XmWv (bm-t°m. 2:14-˛17)

b. {]hr-Øn-bn-√mØ hnizmkw NØ-Xm-sW∂v Ah≥ ]d-bp∂p!

4. tbml-∂m≥

a. {InkvXob `{ZX ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂Xv hnizm-k-Øn-s‚bpw tkh-\-Øn-s‚bpw cq]m-

¥-c-s∏´ Pohn-X-Øn-emWv (1 tbml. 3:17-˛18)

III.D]-kw-lmcw

A. a\p-jys‚ IjvS-Xbpw Bh-iy-I-Xbpw a\p-jy-h¿§-Øns‚ ]m]-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p.

hni-∏n-t\m-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬ \nc-h[n LSI-ß-fp-≠v.

1. t`mj-Ø-amb s]cp-am‰w (k-Zr. 19:15)

2. ssZhnI in£ (B-h. 27-˛28)

3. BflnI ip{iq-j-tbmSp _‘-s∏-´Xv (2 sImcn. 11:27)

4. kmwkvIm-cnI kml-N-cy-ßƒ (A-Xym-{K-lw, D]-t`m-Kw, BZn.)

5. ùXnI kml-N-cy-ßƒ (£m-aw, {]e-bw, Ieva-g, BZn)

B. ssZhw bYm¿∞-ambn P\-Øn-\p-th≠n Icp-Xp-∂p. Bh-iy-Øn-en-cn-°p-∂-h-sc {]tXy-I-amb

coXn-bn¬ Ah≥ kvt\ln-°p-∂p!

C. a\p-jys‚ Bh-iy-ß-tfm-Sp≈ ssZh-Øns‚ DØ-c-amWv (ù-Xn-I-ambpw Bfln-I-am-bpw) {]h¿Øn-

°p∂ k`

1. t\cn-´v, hy‡n-]-c-amb {]hrØn

2. kaq-l-ambn k`m/CS-hI {]h¿Ø\w

3. am‰-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ cmjv{Sob kwL-S-\-Iƒ

D. \mw Xncp-h-N-\-Øns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬ \ΩpsS kwkvIm-c-sØbpw hy‡n-]-c-amb ap≥K-W-\-I-

sfbpw hne-bn-cp-Ø\w (2 sImcn. 8˛9)

E. Np‰p-]mSnepw ]pdØpw D≈ a\p-jy-cpsS Bh-iy-ßƒ°p t\sc \ΩpsS IÆpw lrZ-bhpw

ssIIfpw \mw Xpd-∂p-sh-bv°Ww ˛ k`bnepw temI-Øn-epw.

F. klmbw Xo¿®-bmbpw alm-\n-tbm-K-Øns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬ \mw {InkvXp-hn¬ Bcm-sW-∂-Xn-

t\mSp _‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂p (a-Øm. 28:18-˛20). klmbw Xo¿®-bmbpw ùXn-Ihpw Bfln-I-hp-am-

bn-cn-°-Ww.

15:27 ""Bsb-¶n¬'' CXv Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚ ho£-W-Øn¬ kXy-am-btXm As√-¶n¬ Ahs‚ cN-t\m-t±-iy-

Øn\p th≠n-bp-≈tXm Bb H∂mwXcw tkm]m-[nI hmN-I-am-Wv. PmXn-Iƒ sblq-Z-∑m-cpsS BflnI

\∑-I-fn¬ ]¶m-fn-I-fm-sb-¶n¬ (H.-t\m. tdma. 10-˛11) Ah¿ sbcq-i-te-anse amXr-k-`-bpsS ùXnI Bh-iy-

ß-fn¬ klm-bn-t°-≠-Xm-Ip-∂p.

299

15:28

NASB ""Rm≥ CXp \nh¿Øn®v Ah-cpsS ^e-Øn-t∑¬ Fs‚ ap{Z-h-bv°p-tºmƒ''

NKJV ""Rm≥ CXp \nh¿Øn®v Cu ^ew Ah-cpsSta¬ Fs‚ ap{Z-h-bv°p-tºmƒ''

NRSV ""Rm≥ CXp ]q¿Øo-Icn°p-Ibpw tiJ-cWw Ah¿°v Gev]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-tijw''

TEV ""Rm≥ Cu ZuXyw ]q¿Øo-Icn°p-Ibpw Ah¿°p-th≠n tiJcn® ]Ww apgp-h\pw Ahsc

Gev]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-tijw''

NJB ""Rm≥ CXp sNbvX-tijw tiJ-cWw Ah¿°v HutZym-Kn-I-ambn ssIam-dn-°-gn™v''

CXv `qXIme I¿Øcn A]q¿Æ-{Inbbpw `qXIme a[y A]q¿Æ-{Inbbpw BWv. CXp kqNn-∏n-°p-

∂Xv Hcp s]mXn-bnse D≈-S°w kpc-£n-X-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v ap{Z shbv°p∂ km[m-cW coXn-sb-bm-Wv.

\¬I-s∏´ apgp≥ ]Whpw Ab-bv°p-Ibpw e£y-ÿm-\-sØ-Øp-Ibpw sNøpw F∂v Dd-∏n-°p∂ ]usem-

kns‚ Hep km[m-cW coXn-bm-Wn-Xv. CXv Dd-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn klmbw \¬Inb k`-I-fn¬\n∂v \nc-h[n

{]Xn-\n-[n-Isf Ah≥ IqsS sIm≠p-t]m-bn-cp∂p (H.-t\m. {]hr. 20:4).

""ap{Z'' F∂-Xn\v 4:11 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWp-I.

15:29 πotdmHm (plhrow)/πotdmam (plhroma) F∂ ]Zw ho≠pw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xp ImWp-I. hm. 14

s‚ Ipdn∏p ImWp-I.

""{InkvXphns‚ A\p{Kl]q¿ØntbmsS'' kphn-tij {]kwKw sIm≠p-h-cp∂ A\p-{K-l-sØ-bm-WnXp

kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Hcp {]m¿∞-\-sb-∏‰n CXp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂n-√.

Nne ]pcm-Xe {Ko°p ]Xn-∏p-Iƒ Xnt\m-Sp-IqsS ""{InkvXp-hns‚ kphn-ti-j-Øns‚ A\p-{Klw'' F∂p

tN¿Øp-sIm≠v CXp hy‡-am-°p-hm≥ {ian-°p-∂p-≠v (IsøgpØp {]XnIƒ A2, NKJV). {lkz ]mT-

ßƒ a*, A, B, C, D, F, G, P F∂nhbn¬ ImWmw. {lkz ]mT-Øn\v UBS4 “A”td‰nwKv (Dd-∏p-≈-Xv) \¬Ip∂p.

tdma¿ 15:30- 3330F∂m¬ ktlmZc∑mtc, sblqZybnse AhnizmknIfpsS Iøn¬\n∂p Fs∂ c£nt°≠-

Xn∂pw sbcqiteante°p Rm≥ sIm≠pt]mIp∂ klmbw 31hnip≤∑m¿°p {]kmZambnØo-

tc≠Xn∂pw Cßs\ Rm≥ ssZth„Øm¬ kt¥mjtØmsS \nßfpsS ASp°¬ h∂p

\nßtfmSpIqsS a\w XWpt°≠Xn∂p \nßƒ F\n°p th≠n ssZhtØmSp≈ {]m¿∞\bn¬

Ft∂mSpIqsS t]mcmtSWw F∂p 32\ΩpsS I¿Ømhmb tbip{InkvXphns\bpw Bflmhns‚

kvt\lsØbpw Hm¿Ωn∏n®p Rm≥ \nßsf {]t_m[n∏n°p∂p. 33kam[m\Øns‚ ssZhw

\nßsf√mhtcmSpw IqsS Ccn°pamdmIs´. Bta≥.

15:30 ""sblqZybnse AhnizmknIfpsS Iøn¬\n∂p'' sblq-Z-∑m-cpsS AYhm sblq-Z-a-X-hm-Zn-I-fpsS

FXn¿∏n-s\-bmWv ChnsS kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv, A√msX k`-bpsS FXn¿∏√ (H.-t\m. 11:30,31).

15:30-˛33 ]usem-kns‚ {]m¿∞\ aq∂v B{K-l-ßsf {]I-Sn-∏n-°p∂p

1. sblq-Zy-bnse Xs‚ i{Xp-°-fn¬\n∂pw Xm≥ hnSp-hn-°-s∏-SWw (H.-t\m. {]hr. 20:22-˛23)

2. PmXob k`-I-fn¬\n-∂p≈ kw`m-h\ sbcq-i-te-anse k` kt¥m-j-tØmsS kzoI-cn-°Ww (H.-

t\m. {]hr. 15:1 apX¬; 27:1 apX¬)

3. kvs]bn-\n-te-°p≈ Xs‚ bm{Xm-at[y tdmw kμ¿in-°p-hm≥ X\n°p Ign-tbWw

15:31 ""Ft∂mSpIqsS t]mcmtSWw F∂p ... Rm≥ \nßsf {]t_m[n∏n°p∂p'' CXp {Ko°n¬ i‡-

amb ]Z-ß-fm-Wv. H∂m-a-tØXv 12:1 epw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≠v. c≠m-a-tØXv tbip-hns‚ K’-ta-\-bnse t]mcm-

´-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≠v. X\n°pw Xs‚ kphn-tij ip{iq-jbv°pw th≠n Bg-amb {]m¿∞-\-bpsS

Bh-iy-IX ]usemkv Xncn-®-dn™p (H.-t\m. 2 sImcn. 1:11; Fs^. 6:18-˛20; sImsem. 4:3; 1 sX . 5:25; 2

sX . 3:1). Xs‚ sbcq-i-te-anse A\p-`hw {]bm-k-I-c-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v sXfn-bn-°-s∏´p (H.-t\m. hm. 31).

Ah≥ tdman¬ FØn, ]t£ Xm≥ kz]v\w I≠ hn[-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂n-√. 9:3 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw:

a[yÿ {]m¿∞\ ImWp-I.

15:31 ""Ft∂mSpIqsS t]mcmtSWw'' ]pXnb \nb-a-Øn¬ ChnsS am{Xta Cu ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≈p. CXv

kp≥ (sun = H∂n-®v) AtKm-Wn-Uvtkm-ambn (agwnizomai = t]mcm-Sp-I, bp≤w sNøp-I, FXn¿°p-I, Xo£vW-

ambn B{K-ln-°p-I, H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 9:25; sImsem. 1:29; 4:12; 1 Xnsam. 4:10; 6:12) F∂o ]Z-ß-fpsS kwbp-

‡-amWv. Cu i‡-amb tIh-e-{Inb, PmXob k`-I-fn¬\n-∂p≈ kw`m-h\ sbcq-i-te-anse k` kt¥m-

j-tØmsS kzoI-cn-°p∂-Xn-\mbn tdmanse k` i‡n-bmbn {]m¿∞n-°p-hm≥ Blzm\w sNøp-∂p.

15:32 c≠p At]-£-Iƒ IqSn ka¿∏n-®p-sIm≠v ]usemkv {]m¿∞\ Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p-∂p: (1) kt¥m-j-

tØmsS Ah-cpsS apºn¬ htcWw (2) Ah-tcm-Sp-IqsS a\w XWp-t°Ww (kz-ÿ-ambn kabw Nne-h-gn-

t°-Ww). kp\m-\m-]mhpHmambn (sunanapauomai) F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ `qX-Ime a[y [Unt]m-W‚ v] A\p-_-

300

‘-{In-b-bm-Wn-Xv. ]pXnb \nb-a-Øn¬ ChnsS am{X-am-WnXv D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≈-Xv. sbi. 11:6 epw ImWmw.

]usemkv sbM. 11:1,10 hm. 12 ¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. ]Iz-X-bp≈ hnizm-kn-I-tfm-sSm∏w Aev]-\mƒ

kzÿ-ambn hn{i-an-°p-hm≥ ]usemkv B{K-ln®p (H.-t\m. 2 sImcn. 4:7˛12; 6:3˛10; 11:23-˛33). F¶nepw Ah-

\Xp e`n-®n-√. ]e-kvXo-\n¬ Ahs\ ImØn-cp-∂Xv AdÃpw hnNm-c-Wbpw h¿j-ßƒ \o≠ Pbn¬hm-

khp-am-bn-cp∂p!

Cu hmIy-Øn\v hnhn[ Isø-gpØp {]Xn-I-fn¬ hyXykvXamb ]mT-t`-Z-ß-fp-≠v.

15:33 ""kam[m\Øns‚ ssZhw'' ssZh-Øn-\p≈ AXn-i-b-I-c-amb Hcp \ma-am-WnXv (H.-t\m. 16:20; 2 sImcn.

13:11; ^nen. 4:9; 1 sX . 5:23; 2 sX . 3:16; F{_m. 13:20).










1. ]gb \nbaw F{]-Im-c-amWv ]pXnb \nba hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v {]tbm-P-\-I-c-am-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv (hm. 4˛5; 1

sImcn. 10:6˛11)?

2. ]usemkv F¥p-sIm-≠mWv hm. 9˛12 ¬ ]gb \nbaw D≤-cn-°p-∂Xv?

3. tdmam teJ-\-Ønse Cu `mK-sØ-hn-sS-bmWv sblq-Z-∑mcpw PmXn-Ifpw XΩn¬ kwL¿j-ap-≠m-bn-

cn-°m≥ km[yX?

4. tdmam teJ-\-Øn-se-hn-sS-bmWv ]usem-kns‚ As∏m-kvX-e-Xz-sØ-∏‰n kwL¿jw ImW-s∏-Sp-∂Xv?

5. sbcq-i-te-anse k`-bv°p-th-≠n- PmXob k`-I-fn¬ \n∂p≈ [\-ti-J-cWw \S-Øp-hm-\p≈ ]usem-

kns‚ ImcWw F¥m-bn-cp∂p (hm. 15-˛28)?

6. ]usem-kns‚ anj-\dn \bw F¥m-bn-cp∂p? Xm≥ kvs]bn-\n¬ t]mIm-\m-{K-ln-®-sX-¥p-sIm≠v?

7. Fß-s\-bmWp ]usemkv Hcp ]ptcm-lnX cmPy-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ bn{km-tb-en-t\mSpw (]p-d. 19:5˛6)

As√-¶n¬ k`tbmSpw (1 ]s{Xm. 2:5˛9; shfn. 1:6) _‘-s∏-SpØn Xs‚ {]h¿Ø-\sØ Hcp ]ptcm-

ln-Xt‚sX∂ hn[-Øn¬ hnh-cn-°p-∂Xv (hm. 16)?

8. hm. 30-˛33 se ]usem-kns‚ {]m¿∞-\bv°v ssZhw adp-]Sn \¬Intbm?

301

hy‡n-]-c-amb ktlm-Zcn t^_sb hμ-\-ßƒ hy‡n-]-c-amb hμ-\-ßfpw

hμ-\-ßƒ ip]m¿i sNøp∂p hμ-\-ßƒ Biw-k-Ifpw

16:1˛2 16:1˛2 16:1˛2 16:1˛2 16:1˛2

tdmanse hnip≤

∑msc hμ\w sNøp∂p

16:3˛16 16:3˛16 16:3˛16 16:3˛5a 16:3˛5a16:5b˛7 16:5b˛16

16:8˛11

16:12- 15

16:16

`n∂-X-bp-≠m-°p∂ A¥nI \n¿t± Hcp ap∂-dn-bn∏pw

hy‡nsb Hgn-hm-°pI ißƒ BZy ]n≥Ip-dn∏pw

16:17-˛20 16:17-˛20 16:17-˛20 16:17-˛20a 16:17-˛20

16:20b˛21

]usem-kns‚ kvt\ A¥na hμ-\hpw

lnX-cn¬ \n∂p≈ c≠mw ]n≥-

Ipdn∏pw

hμ-\-ßƒ

16:21-˛23 16:21-˛24 16:21 16:21-˛23

16:22 16:22

16:23 16:23

ssZh-kvXpXn Bin¿hmZw kvXpXn {]m¿∞\ ssZh-kvXpXn

16:25˛27 16:25˛27 16:25˛27 16:25˛26 16:25˛27

16:27
















4. BZnbmbh

302

hm. 1˛26 s‚ ]›m-Øe Dƒ°m-gvN-IƒA. Cu D]-kw-lmc `mKØp ImWp∂ F√m kv{XoIfpw kphn-ti-j tLmjW-Ønse ]usem-kns‚

kl-{]-h¿Ø-I-cm-sW-∂Xp {i≤n-°pI (H.-t\m. ^nen. 4:3). t^_, hm. 1; {]nkvI, hm. 3; adn-b, hm.

6; bq\nb (A-Yhm bq\n-bmhv ˛ F¶n¬ AsXmcp ]pcp-j-\m-Wv), hm. 7; {Xpss^-\bpw {Xps^m-k-

bpw, hm. 12; s]¿kn-kv, hm. 12; ""Ahs‚ AΩ'', hm. 13; bqen-b, hm. 15; ""Ahs‚ ktlm-Zcn-cn, hm. 15.

kv{XoI-fpsS ip{iq-jsb kw_-‘n® ISpw-]n-Sp-Ø-ßƒ Dt]-£n-°p-I. kIe hnizm-kn-Ifpw -hc

{]m]vX-cmb (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 12:7,11) ]q¿Æ kab the-°m-cmWv (H.-t\m. Fs^. 4:12).

Cu ]´n-I-bn¬ \ap-s°mcp ip{iq-j-°m-cØn t^_bpw Hcp kv{Xo As∏m-kvX-e-bmb bq\n-

bbpw (km-[y-X) D≠v (H.-t\m. tbmth¬ 2:28; {]hr. 2:16-˛21). Cu hnjbw thZ-]p-kvX-I-]-c-ambn

Fßs\ ssIImcyw sNøWw F∂p a\- n-em-°pI Zpjv-I-c-amWv Imc-Ww, 1 sImcn. 11:4˛5 t]mse

(H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 14-:34) sshcp-≤y-sa∂p tXm∂p∂ ]usem-kns‚ {]kvXm-h-\-Iƒ Xs∂ \ap°p

e`n-®n´p≠v.

B. Cu t]cp-I-fpsS km[y-amb hwiob ]›m-Øew {i≤n-°pI

1. hnizm-kn-I-fmb sblq-Z-∑m¿: AIzn-em-hv, {]nkvI, At{¥m-\n-t°m-kv, bq\n-bm-hv, adnb [Nne

Isø-gpØp {]Xn-I-fn¬ adnbmw]2. tdmam-°m-cmb Ipeo\ IpSpw_ \ma-ßƒ: {]nkvI, Awπn-bm-sØm-kv, As∏-t√-kv, \m¿°n-k- v,

bqen-bm-hv, ^ntem-tem-tKmkv

3. sblqZ Ipeo\ IpSpw_ \ma-ßƒ: Acn-tÃm-_p-tem-kv, sltcm-Zn-tbm≥

C. hm. 1˛16 ]usem-kns‚ hy‡n-]-c-amb hμ-\-ß-fm-Wv, AtX-k-abw hm. 17-˛20 Zpcp-]-tZ-jvSm-°ƒs°-

Xn-sc-bp≈ kam-]\ ap∂-dn-bn-∏p-I-fmWv. hm. 21-˛23 ¬ anj-\dn kwLw sImcn-¥n¬ \n∂p≈ hμ\w

Adn-bn-°p-∂p.

D. A. 16 s‚ N¿®-bn¬ F^v. F^v. {_qkns‚ Sns‚-bn¬ \yqsS-Ã-sa‚ v Ia‚dn hfsc klm-b-I-c-am-

Wv. Cu A[ym-b-Øn¬ ImWp∂ t]cp-Isf kw_-‘n®p hni-Z-ambn ]Tn-°p-hm≥ \nßƒ Xmev]-cy-

s∏-Sp-∂p-sh-¶n¬,-t]Pv 266-˛284 hmbn-°p-I.

E. teJ\w Ah-km-\n-°p-∂Xv Fhn-sS-sb-∂-Xn-s\-∏‰n Nne kwi-b-ß-fp-≠v. ]pcm-X\ Isø-gpØp

{]Xn-I-fn¬ 14, 15 (IsøgpØp {]Xn P46), 16 A[ym-b-ß-fpsS A¥y-Øn¬ \nc-h[n XhW Ah-km-

\n-∏n-°¬ ImWp-∂p-≠v. F¶nepw ]c-º-cm-KX D]-kw-lm-c-amb 16:25-˛27 IsøgpØp {]XnIfmb

P61, a, B, C, D F∂nhbnepw tdmanse s¢a‚ v (F.-Un. 95) D]-tbm-Kn® {Ko°v ]mT-Ønepw ImWmw.

hm. 24, {Ko°p IsøgpØp {]XnIfmb P46, P61, a, A, B, C F∂nhbnepw eØo≥ hƒtK-‰nepw

Ae-Ivkm-{≠n-b-bnse Hmdn-K¨ D]-tbm-Kn® {Ko°v ]mT-Ønepw ImWmw. hyXym-k-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈

]q¿Æ N¿®bv°v {_qkv Fw. sa‰vkvsK¿ Fgp-Xnb F sSIvkvNz¬ Ia‚dn Hm¨ Z {Ko°v \yqsS-Ã-

sa‚ v, t]. 533-˛536 ImWp-I.

]Z, ssieo ]T\w

tdma¿ 16:1˛21\ΩpsS ktlmZcnbpw sIw{Ib k`bnse ip{iqj°mcØnbpamb t^_sb, 2\nßƒ

hnip≤∑m¿°p tbmKyamwhÆw I¿Ømhns‚ \maØn¬ ssIs°m≠p, Ahƒ°p \nßfpsS

klmbw th≠p∂ GXp ImcyØnepw klmbnt°≠Xn∂p Rm≥ \nßsf `ctaev]n°p∂p.

Ahfpw ]e¿°pw hntijm¬ F\n°pw klmbw sNbvXncn°p∂p.

16:1

NASB, NKJV ""k`-bpsS Zmk-\mb''

NRSV ""k`-bpsS ip{iq-j-°m-cn-bmb''

TEV ""k`sb tkhn-°p∂''

NJB ""k`-bpsS ip{iq-j-°m-cØnbmb''

Unbm-t°m-tWmkv (diakonojdiakonojdiakonojdiakonojdiakonoj) F∂ ]Z-am-Wn-Xv. Chn-sS-bnXv kv{XoenwK cq]-am-Wv. Zmk≥/ip{iq-j-

I≥ F∂-Xn-\p≈ ]Z-am-Wn-Xv. (1) {InkvXp-hn-s\-°p-dn®pw (tdm-a. 15:8; a¿s°m. 10:45), (2) ]usem-kn-s\-°p-

dn®pw (F-s^. 3:7; sImsem. 1:23,25; (3) ip{iq-j-I-sc-°p-dn®pw (^n-en. 1:1; 1 Xnsam. 3:11) D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-

∂p.

k`-bn¬ ip{iq-j-I-bpsS ÿm\-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂-Xn\v ]pXnb \nb-a-Ønepw thZ-]p-kvXI Ime-

303

Øn-\p-ti-j-ap≈ Fgp-Øp-I-fnepw sXfn-hp-I-fp-≠v. ]pXnb \nb-a-Ønse {]mtZ-inI k`bnse kv{XoI-

fpsS ip{iq-j-bv°p≈ as‰mcp DZm-l-cWw ""hn[-h-am-cpsS ip{iqj'' BWv (H.-t\m. 1 Xnsam. 3:11; 5:3˛6).

B¿. RSV epw Bwπn-ssÛv th¿j-\n-epw, PHILLIPS X¿÷-a-bnepw 16:1 ¬ Uo°-Wkv F∂ ]Z-am-Wp-

≈-Xv. NASB, NIV F∂n-h-bn¬ ^p´vt\m-ń¬ B ]Zw ImWp-∂p. NEB bn¬ ""ÿm\w hln-°p∂'' F∂p

am{X-ta-bp-≈p. F√m hnizm-kn-Ifpw ]q¿Æ-k-ab ip{iq-j-bv°mbn hnfn-°-s∏-´v, hc-{]m]vXn t\Snbh-cmWv

(H.-t\m. Fs^. 4:12).- Nne¿ t\XrXz ip{iq-j-bv°mbn hnfn-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p. \ΩpsS ]mc-º-cy-ßƒ Xnc-h-

N-\-Øn\v hgn-am-td-≠-Xm-Wv. BZna ip{iq-j-I-∑mcpw ip{iq-j-I-amcpw Zmk-∑m-cm-bn-cp-∂p, A√msX `c-W-

I¿Øm-°-fm-bn-cp-∂n√!

Fw. B¿. hn≥sk‚ v (th¿Uv ÃUo-kv, hmeyw 2, t]Pv 752, 1196) ]d-bp-∂Xv, c≠mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ Ah-

km-\-Øntem aq∂mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ Bcw-`-Øntem \n¿Ωn® At∏m-tÃm-enIv tIm¨Ãn-‰yq-j≥kv k`nse

kv{XoI-fmb klm-bn-I-fpsS IS-a-Ifpw Hm¿Un-t\-j\pw XΩn¬ hyXymkw {]I-S-am°nbn-cp-∂p-sh-∂m-Wv.

1. ip{iq-j-I-am¿

2. hn[-h-am¿ (H.-t\m. 1 Xnsam. 3:11; 5:9˛10)

3. I\y-I-am¿ (H.-t\m. {]hr. 21:9; 1 sImcn. 7:34 (km-[y-X)

Ah-cpsS DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ßƒ

1. tcmKn-Isf ip{iq-jn-°pI

2. imco-cnI ]oU\w A\p-`-hn-®-hsc ip{iq-jn-°pI

3. hnizmkw \nanØw XS-hn-em-b-hsc ip{iq-jn-°pI

4. ]pXnb hnizm-kn-Isf ]Tn-∏n-°pI

5. kv{XoI-fpsS kv\m\-Øn¬ klm-bn-°pI

6. k`m-hn-izm-kn-Ifmb kv{XoIfpsS ta¬t\m´w hln-°pI

{]tXyI ]T\hnjbw: ss__n-fnse kv{XoIƒI. ]gb \nbaw

A. kmwkvIm-cn-I-ambn kv{XoIsf hkvXp-h-I-bmbn IW-°m-°n-bn-cp-∂p.

1. hkvXp-h-I-I-fpsS ]ń-I-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂p (]p-d. 20:17).

2. ASna kv{XoI-tfm-Sp≈ s]cp-am‰w (]p-d. 21:7˛11)

3. kv{XoI-fpsS t\¿®-Isf DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-s∏´ ]pcp-j\p Akm-[p-hm°mw (kwJy. 30).

4. kv{XoIƒ bp≤-Ønse sIm≈ F∂ \ne-bn¬ (B-h. 20:10˛14; 21:10˛14).

B. {]mtbm--Kn-I-ambn Xpey-Xbp≠v

1. ]pcp-j\pw kv{Xobpw ssZhnI kmZr-iy-Øn¬ krjvSn-°-s∏´p (D-ev]. 1:26˛27).

2. A∏-s\bpw AΩ-sbbpw _lp-am-\n° (]p-d. 20:12 [B-h. 5:16]).3. A∏-s\bpw AΩ-sbbpw BZ-cn° (tehy. 19:3; 20:9).

4. ]pcp-j\pw kv{Xobpw \mko¿{hXw A\p-jvTn°mw (kwJy. 6:1˛2)

5. s]ä-°ƒ°pw Ah-Im-i-ap≠v (kw-Jy. 27:1˛11)

6. DS-ºSn P\-X-bpsS `mKw (B-h. 29:10˛12).

7. A∏-s‚bpw AΩ-bp-sSbpw D]-tZiw A\p-k-cn-°pI (k-Zr. 1:8; 6:20)

8. tlams‚ ]p{X-∑mcpw ]p{Xn-amcpw (te-hy-Ip-Spw-_w) Be-b-Øn¬ kwKoX ip{iq-jbv°p

t\XrXzw \¬In (1 Zn\. 25:5˛6)

9. ]pXp-bp-K-Øn¬ ]p{X-∑mcpw ]p{Xn-amcpw {]h-Nn°pw (tbm-th¬ 2:28˛29)

C. kv{XoIƒ t\Xr-Xz-\n-c-bn¬

1. tamsi-bpsS ktlm-Zcn ancymw {]hm-NIn F∂p hnfn-°-s∏´p (]p-d. 15:20˛21; IqSmsX aoJm

6:4 ImWp-I).

2. kam-K-a\ IqSmcioe s\øp-hm≥ kv{XoIƒ°p ssZhw kma¿∞yw \¬In (]p-d. 35:25˛26).

3. kv{Xobpw {]hm-N-In-bp-amb sZt_mc (H.-t\m. \ymbm. 4:4) tKm{X-ßƒ°p \ymb-]m-e\w

sNbvXp (\ymbm. 4:4˛5; 5:7).

4. tbmio-bm cmPmhv ]pXp-Xmbn Is≠-Ønb ""\ymb-{]-amW ]pkvXI''-sØ-°p-dn®v Acp-f-

∏mSp tNmZn-°m≥ DtZym-K-ÿsc hn´Xv lp¬Zm F∂ {]hm-N-In-bpsS ASp-tØ-°m-bn-cp∂p

(2 cmPm. 22:14; 2 Zn\. 34:22˛27).

5. `‡ kv{Xobmb Ftÿ¿cm⁄n t]¿jy-bnse sblq-Z-∑msc c£n-®p

II. ]pXnb \nbaw

A. kmwkvImcnI-ambn sblq-Zy-bn-sebpw {Ko°v, tdma≥ temI-sØbpw kv{XoIƒ hfsc Ipd®v

Ah-Im-i-ßtfm ]Z-hn-Itfm am{X-ap≈ c≠mwXcw ]uc-∑m-cm-bn-cp∂p (am-kn-tUm-Wn-b-bn¬

304

am{Xsa CXn-\p hyXym-kap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈q)

B. kv{XoIƒ t\Xr-Xz-]-Z-hn-bn¬

1. Fen-i-s_Øpw adn-bbpw ssZh-Øn\p e`y-amb `‡ kv{XoI-fm-bn-cp∂p (eq-s°m. 1˛2)

2. `‡ kv{Xobmb l∂ Be-b-Øn¬ ip{iqj sNbvXn-cp∂p (eq-s°m. 2:36)

3. epZn-b, Hcp h-\-k-`-bnse hnizm-knbpw t\Xr-Xz-\n-c-bn-ep-≈-h-fp-am-bn-cp∂p ({]-hr. 16:14,40)

4. ^nen-s∏m-kns‚ I\y-I-I-fmb \mep ]p{Xn-am¿ {]hm-N-In-I-fm-bn-cp∂p ({]-hr. 21:8˛9)

5. t^_, sIw{Ib k`-bnse ip{iq-j-°m-c-Øn-bm-bn-cp∂p (tdma. 16:1)

6. {]nkvI ({]n-kvIn-√) ]usem-kns‚ Iq´p-th-e-°m-cØnbpw As∏m-t√m-kns‚ A≤ym-]n-I-

bp-am-bn-cp∂p ({]-hr. 18:26; tdma. 16:3)

7. adnb, {Xpss^-\, {Xqs^m-k, s]¿kn-kv, bqen-b, s\sc-bp-kns‚ ktlm-Z-cn, a‰-t\I

kv{XoIƒ ]usem-kns‚ Iq´p-th-e-°m-cm-bn-cp∂p (tdm-a. 16:6˛16)

8. bq\n-bmhv (bq\nb, KJV) Hcp h\nXm As∏m-kvX-e-bm-bn-cn°mw (tdm-a. 16:7)

9. bpthm-Zybpw kp¥p-Ibpw ]usem-kns‚ Iq´p-{]-h¿Ø-I-cm-bn-cp∂p (^n-en. 4:2˛3)

III. thZ-]p-kvX-I-Ønse hyXykvX DZm-l-c-W-ßsf Fß-s\-bm-sWmcp B[p-\nI hnizmkn k¥p-e-

\-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv?

A. aqe-k-μ¿`-Øn¬ am{Xw kmwK-Xy-ap≈ Ncn-{X-]-ctam kmwkvIm-cn-Itam Bb kXy-ßsfbpw

F√m-°m-eØpap≈ kIehnizm-kn-I-sfbpw kIek`-I-sfbpw _m[n-°p∂ \nXy-k-Xy-ßfpw

XΩn¬ Fßs\ th¿Xn-cn°pw?

1. ssZh-\n-izm-ko-b-cmb aqe Fgp-Øp-Im-cpsS Dt±-iysØ \mw Kuc-h-ambn FSp-t°-Ww.

ss__nƒ ssZh-h-N-\hpw hnizm-k-Øn\pw {]mtbm-KnI Pohn-X-Øn-\p-ap≈ GI t{kmX-

p-am-Wv.

2. Ncn-{Xm-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈ ssZh-\n-izm-kob thZ-`m-K-ßsf \mw Is≠-Ø-Ww.

a. bn{km-tb-ens‚ kwkvImcw (A-Xm. BNm-c-ßƒ, NS-ßp-Iƒ, H.-t\m. {]hr. 15; Kem.

3)

b. H∂mw \q‰m-≠nse sblq-Z-aXw

c. 1 sImcn-¥y-cn¬ ImWp∂ Ncn-{Xm-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈ ]usem-kns‚ {]kvXm-h-\-Iƒ

(1) PmXob tdmans‚ \nb-akw-hn-[m\w (1 sImcn. 6)

(2) Hcp ASn-a-bmbn XpS-cp-∂Xv (1 sImcn. 7:20˛24)

(3) {_“-Ncyw (1 sImcn. 7:1˛35)

(4) I\y-I-am¿ (1 sImcn. 7:36-˛38)

(5) hn{Klm¿∏nX `£Ww (1 sImcn. 8; 10:23˛53)

(6) I¿Ør-ta-i-bnse Atbm-Ky-amb {]hr-Øn-Iƒ (1 sImcn. 11)

3. ssZhw Hcp {]tXyI kwkvIm-c-Øn\v Hcp {]tXyI Znhkw Xs∂-Øs∂ ]q¿Æ-ambpw

hy‡-ambpw shfn-s∏-SpØn. shfn-∏m-Sns\ \mw Kuc-h-ambn FSp-°-Ww, F∂m¬ AXns‚

Ncn{X ]›m-Ø-e-Øns‚ F√m hni-Zmw-i-ß-fpw FSp-°-cp-Xv. ssZh-Øns‚ hN-\w, am\p-

jnI hm°p-I-fn¬, Hcp {]tXyI kwkvIm-c-Øn\pth≠n Hcp {]tXyI ka-bØv Fgp-X-

s∏-´-Xm-Wv.

B. thZ-]p-kvXI hymJym\w bYm¿∞ Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚ Dt±-iy-amWv At\z-jn-t°-≠-Xv. Xs‚

Ime-L-´-tØmSv F¥m-W-t±lw ]d-™Xv? CXmWv icn-bmb hymJym-\-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\hpw

\n¿Æm-b-I-L-S-Ihpw. XpS¿∂v \mw CXp \ΩpsS Ime-L-´-Øn¬ {]mtbm-Kn-I-am-°Ww. Chn-

sS-bmWv kv{XoI-fpsS t\XrXzhnjbw hcp-∂Xv (b-Ym¿∞ hymJym-\-{]-iv\w, ]Z-Øns‚ \n¿h-

N-\-Øn-em-Wp-≈-Xv. t\XrXzw F∂m¬ ]mÃ¿ F∂Xv am{X-amtWm? ip{iq-j-°m-c-Øn-Ifpw

{]hm-N-In-amcpw t\Xm-°-fmbn ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sntam?) 1 sImcn. 14:34˛35; 1 Xnsam. 2:9˛15 F∂n-hn-

S-ßfn¬ kv{XoIƒ ]cky Bcm-[-\bv°p t\XrXzw hln-°-cp-sX∂ \ne-]mSmWv ]usem-kn-

\p-≠m-bn-cp∂sX∂p hy‡-amWv! F∂m¬ AsX-ßs\ C∂p _m[-I-am-Ipw? ]usem-kns‚

kwkvIm-chpw Fs‚ kwkvIm-chpw ssZh-Øns‚ hN-\-sØbpw lnX-sØbpw \ni-_vZ-am-

°m≥ Rm\m-{K-ln-°p-∂n-√. ]usem-kns‚ Ime-L´w IqSp-X¬ CSpßn-bXpw Ft‚Xv IqSp-

X¬ hnim-ehpw Bbn-cn-°mw. ]usem-kns‚ hm°p-Ifpw D]-tZ-i-ßfpw tkm]m-[n-Ihpw H∂mw

\q‰m-≠n-teXpw {]mtZ-inI kml-N-cy-ßƒ°-\p-k-cn-®p-≈-Xp-amb kXy-amWv F∂p ]d-bm≥

F\n°p _p≤n-ap-´p-≠v. Fs‚ a\ v AYhm kwkvImcw, ssZh-\n-izm-kob Fgp-Øp-Im-cs\

hna¿in-°p-∂-Xn-\\p-h-Zn-°m≥ Rm\m-cm-Wv?

F∂n-cp-∂mepw h\nXm t\Xm-°-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ thZ-]p-kvXI DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ (]u-sem-kns‚

teJ-\-ß-fn¬ t]mepw, H.-t\m. tdma¿ 16) D≈-t∏mƒ Rms\¥p sNøpw? CXn\p \s√mcp DZm-

305

l-c-Ww, 1 sImcn. 11˛14 se s]mXp Bcm-[-\-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ ]usem-kns‚ N¿®-bmWv. 11:5 ¬

Xe apSn-s°m≠v Ah¿ ]cky Bcm-[-\-bn¬ {]kw-Kn-°p-∂Xpw {]m¿∞n-°p-∂Xpw Ah≥

A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂-Xmbn tXm∂p-sa-¶nepw 14:34˛35 ¬ Ah¿ au\-am-bn-cn-°m≥ Ah-\m-h-iy-s∏-Sp-

∂-Xmbn ImWmw. AhnsS ip{iq-j-°m-c-Øn-Ifpw (H.-t\m. tdma¿ 16), {]hm-N-In-amcpw (H.-t\m.

{]hr. 21:9) D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Cu sshcp-≤y-amWv ]usem-kns‚ A`n-{]mbw (kv{Xo-Iƒ°p≈

hne-°p-Iƒ) H∂mw \q‰m-≠nse sImcn-¥nepw Fs^-skm-knepw am{Xw _m[-I-am-bn-cp∂ Imcy-

am-sW∂v Nn¥n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ kzmX{¥yw \¬Ip-∂-Xv. c≠p k`-I-fnepw kv{XoIƒ Ah¿°p

]pXp-Xmbn e`n® kzmX{¥yw D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ {]iv\w D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. (H.t\m. {_qkv hn‚¿,

B^v‰¿ t]mƒ e^v‰v sImcn-¥v). CXv {InkvXp-hn-\p-th≠n kaq-lsØ t\Sp-∂-Xn¬ k`bv°v

XS- -ßƒ krjvSn-®p. kphn-tijw IqSp-X¬ e-{]-Z-am-Ip-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n Ah-cpsS kzmX{¥yw

Ipsd-°qsS ]cn-an-X-s∏-Sp-Ø-W-am-bn-cp-∂p.

Fs‚ Ime-L´w ]usem-kn-t‚-Xn\p t\sc hn]-co-X-amWv. Fs‚ Ime-L-´-Øn¬, ]cn-io-

e\w t\Snb kv{XoIƒ kphn-tijw ]¶p-h-bv°p-hm\pw t\XrXzw hln-°p-hm\pw A\p-h-Zn-°-

s∏-Sm-Xn-cp-∂m¬ kphn-tijw ]Xn-an-X-s∏-´p-t]m-Ipw. ]cky Bcm-[-\-bpsS BXy-¥nI e£yw

F¥mWv? AXv kphn-ti-jo-I-c-Whpw injy-Xz-hp-a-√tbm? h\nXm t\Xm-°-fn¬ ssZh-Øn\p

al-Xz-sa-Sp-°p-hm\pw Ah-cn¬ {]km-Zn-°p-hm\pw Ign-bp-I-bn-√tbm? ss__nƒ apgp-h\pw "AtX'

F∂ DØ-c-amWp \¬Ip-∂-Xv.

]usem-kn\p Iogvs∏-Sp-hm-\m-sW-\n-°m-{Klw; Fs‚ ssZh-imkv{Xw ]usem-kn-t‚-Xm-

Wv. B[p-\nI kv{Xo]-£-hm-Z-Øns‚ AanX kzm[o-\hpw Zpcp-]-tbm-Khpw Rm\n-jvS-s∏-Sp-∂n-

√! F¶nepw ASn-a-Øw, PmXo-b-X, ssewKn-I-X, aX-{`m¥v F∂n-h-bvs°-Xn-cm-bp≈ hy‡-amb

thZ-]p-kvXI ]Tn-∏n-°-ep-I-tfmSv {]Xn-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ k` Ft∏mgpw kmh-[m-\-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p

Fs∂-\n°p tXm∂p-∂p-≠v. ssZhw {InkvXp-hn¬ ASn-a-Iƒ°pw kv{XoIƒ°pw hntam-N\w

\¬Ip-∂p. kwkvImc˛_‘n-X-amb Hcp thZ-`mKw Ahsc ho≠pw Nß-e-bv°n-Sp-hm≥ A\p-h-

Zn-°p-∂-Xn\p Rm≥ ss[cy-s∏-Sp-∂n-√.

Hcp Imcyw IqSn: Hcp hymJym-Xm-sh∂ \ne-bn¬, sImcn¥p k` Hcp Ae-t¶m-e-s∏´ k`-

bm-bn-cp-∂p Fs∂-\n-°-dn-bmw. Ah¿ Bflob hc-ßƒ°p hne-I-ev]n-°bpw Zpcp-]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-

Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. kv{XoIfpw CXn¬ s]´n-´p-≠m-Imw. Fs^skmknse {]iv\w, Zpcp-]-tZ-i

°m¿ `h\ k`-I-fn¬ kv{Xo-Isf D]-tbm-Kn®v {]kw-K-I-cpsS {i≤ ]X-dn-°p-hm≥ {ian-®ncp∂p

F∂-Xm-Imw.

C. IqSp-X¬ hmb-\bv°v

How to Read the Bible For All Its Worth by Gordon Fee and Doug Stuart (pp. 61-77)Gospel and Spirit: Issues in New Testament Hermeneutics by Gordon FeeHard Sayings of the Bible by Walter C. Kaiser, Peter H. Davids, F. F. Bruce, and ManfredT. Branch (pp. 613-616; 665-667)

""sIw{Ib'' sImcn-¥nse c≠p Xpd-ap-J-ß-fn-sem-∂m-bn-cp∂p CXv. CXv Ing-°p-`m-K-Øp-≈-Xm-bn-cp∂p

(H.-t\m. {]hr. 18:18).

""k`'' Xmsg sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWp-I.

{]tXyI ]T\hnjbw: k` (ekklesiaekklesiaekklesiaekklesiaekklesia)Ft¢-knb (ekklesiaekklesiaekklesiaekklesiaekklesia) F∂ {Ko°p ]Zw ""]pd-tØ°v'' ""hnfn-°pI'' F∂o c≠p ]Z-ß-fpsS kwbp-

‡-am-Wv. ssZh-Øm¬ hnfn-®n-d-°n-b-h¿ F∂m-W¿∞w. atX-Xc D]-tbm-K-Øn¬ \n∂mWv k` Cu

]Zw FSp-ØXv (H.-t\m. {]hr. 19:32,39,41). bn{km-tb¬ ""k`''sb hnfn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn sk]v‰z-Pn‚n¬

(Jlm¬, BDB 874, H.-t\m. kwJy. 16:3; 20:4) Cu ]Z-am-Wp-]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. Ah¿ AXv ]g-b-\n-b-a-

Ønse ssZh-Øns‚ P\-Øns‚ XpS¿®-bmWv Xß-sf∂p ImWn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn kzbw D]-tbm-Kn-®p.

Ah¿ ]pXnb bn{km-tbepw (H.-t\m. tdma¿ 2:28˛29; Kem-Xy¿ 6:16; 1 ]s{Xmkv 2:5,9; shfn-∏mSv 1:6) ssZh-

Øns‚ BtKmf ZuXy-Øns‚ \nhr-Ønbpw BWv (H.-t\m. Dev]. 3:15; 12:3; ]pd-∏mSv 19:5˛6; aØmbn

28:18-˛20; eqs°mkv 24:47; -{]-hrØn 1:8).

Cu ]Zw kphn-ti-j-ß-fnepw At∏m. {]hr-Øn-bnepw hnhn[ A¿∞-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®p.

306

1. atX-Xc \K-c -tbmKw, {]hr. 19:32,39,41

2. {InkvXp-hn-ep≈ BtKmf ssZh-P\w, aØmbn 16:18; Fs^-ky¿

3. {InkvXp-hn-ep≈ {]mtZ-inI ssZh-P-\w, aØmbn 18:17; {]hr-. 5:11 (Cu hmIy-ß-fn¬ sbcqi-te-

anse k`)

4. bn{km-tb¬ P\w kaq-l-ambn, {]hr. 7:38; kvsX^ms\mkns‚ {]kw-K-Øn¬

5. Hcp {]tZ-isØ ssZh-P\w, {]hr. 8:3 (sb-lqZy AYhm ]me-kvXo≥)

""t^_'' t]cn-\¿∞w ""{]Im-in-°p∂'' AYhm ""tim`n-°p∂'' F∂m-Wv.

16:2 ""\nßƒ hnip≤∑m¿°p tbmKyamwhÆw I¿Ømhns‚ \maØn¬ ssIs°m≠p'' CXv t{]mkvsU-

tJm-ambn (prosdecomai)F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ `qZXIme a[y A\p-_-‘-am-Wv. A¿∞w ""Hcp AXn-Yn-sb-∂-

t]mse Zb-tbmsS ssIs°m-≈pI'' F∂m-Wv (H.-t\m. ^nen. 2:29). ]usemkv Cu kv{Xosb hniz-kn-°p-

Ibpw X\n-°p-th≠n Ahsf kzoI-cn-°p-hm\pw klm-bn-°p-hm\pw k`-tbmSv Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

Xm≥ CXp ]d-tb-≠n-h-∂Xv A∂sØ kmwkvIm-cnI kml-N-cysØ ImWn-°p-∂p.

""hnip-≤-∑m¿'' Cu ]Z-Øn-\¿∞w hnip-≤-cm-b-h¿ F∂m-Wv. CXp hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂Xv Hcp hnizm-kn-

bpsS {InkvXp-hn-ep≈ ÿm\sØ am{X-a-√, Ah-cpsS XpS¿∂p≈ Pohn-X-sØbpw ]ptcm-K-a-\-]-c-ambn

{InkvXp-hn-ep≈ Ah-cpsS ÿm\-sØ-bp-am-Wv. ^nen-∏nb teJ-\-Øn¬ Hcn-°¬ HgnsI ""hnip-≤≥'' F∂

]Zw (^n-en. 4:21) F√m-bvt]mgpw _lp-h-N-\-Øn-em-Wv. am{X-a√ Ahn-sS-t∏mepw AXv Hcp Iq´m-bp≈

A¿∞-Øn-emWv D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≈-Xv. Hcp {InkvXym-\n-bm-bn-cn-°pI F∂Xv Hcp hnizmk kaq-l-Øn-s‚,

Hcp IpSpw-_-Øns‚, Hcp ico-c-Øns‚ `mK-am-bn-cn-°pI F∂m-Wv. B[p-\nI ]m›mXy k` thZ-]p-kvX-

Im-Sn-ÿm\ hnizm-k-Øns‚ Cu Iq´mb LS-IsØ aqey-ti-jWw sNbvXp. 1:7 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-

jbw: hnip-≤-∑m¿ ImWp-I.

""Ahƒ°p \nßfpsS klmbw th≠p∂ GXp ImcyØnepw klmbnt°≠Xn∂p '' ChnsS c≠v

A\p-_-‘-ßƒ D≠v. H∂m-a-tØ-Xv, ]mcn-Ãoan (paristhmiparisthmiparisthmiparisthmiparisthmi) (`q-X-Ime I¿Øcn {]tbm-Kw) A¿∞w,

""klm-bn-°m≥ ASpØp \nev°p-I.'' c≠m-a-tØ-Xv, {JoUvtkm (crhzwcrhzwcrhzwcrhzwcrhzw) (h¿Ø-am\-Ime I¿Øcn {]tbm-

Kw) A¿∞w, ""Bh-iy-am-bn-cn-°p∂ Imcy-Øn¬ klm-bn-°p-I'' (H.-t\m. 2 sImcn. 3:1).

k©mc ip{iq-j-I¿°p \evIp∂ ùXnI klm-b-sØ-bm-WnXp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. ip]m¿i IØp-I-

fpsS Dt±iyw CXm-bn-cp-∂p.

""Rm≥ \nßsf `ctaev]n°p∂p'' hm. 1˛2 t^_bv°pth≠n-bp≈ Hcp ip]m¿i IØmbn {]h¿Øn-

°p-∂p. Ahƒ ]usem-kns‚ teJ\w tdman-te°p sIm≠p-t]m-bn-cn-°mw. ]pXnb \nb-a-Øn¬ CØ-c-Øn-

ep≈ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ°pw ip]m¿i-Iƒ°pw \nc-h[n DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ D≠v (H.-t\m. {]hr. 18:27; 1

sImcn. 16:3; 2 sImcn. 3:1; 8:18-˛24; ^nen. 2:19-˛30).

NASB, NKJV ""]e¿°pw klm-bn-bm-bn-cp∂p''

NRSV ""]e¿°pw D]-Im-cn-bm-bn-cp∂p''

TEV ""Ahƒ Xs∂ At\I Bfp-Iƒ°v Hcp \√ kvt\ln-X-bm-bn-cp∂p''

NJB ""Ahƒ At\I Bfp-Isf kwc-£n-®n-´p≠v''

Cu ]Zw t{]mbn-Ãm-‰nkv (proistatijproistatijproistatijproistatijproistatij) ]pXnb \nb-a-Øn¬ ChnsS am{Xta ImWp-∂p-≈p. CXv ùXn-

Itam kmº-Øn-Itam Bb klmbw Bbn-cn-°mw. [\m-Vy-bmb Hcp kv{Xosbbm-WpXp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-

Xv. t^_ tdman-te°p bm{X sNøp-∂-Xn-\mepw (H.-t\m. hm. 1) At\-Isc klm-bn-®n-´p-≈-Xn-\mepw CXv

Ahsf kw_-‘n®v kXy-amb hkvXp-X-bm-Wv.

tdma¿ 16:3˛163{InkvXptbiphn¬ Fs‚ Iq´pthe°mcmb {]nkvIsbbpw AIznemshbpw hμ\w sNbvhn≥.

4Ah¿ Fs‚ {]mW∂p th≠n XßfpsS IgpØp sh®psImSpØhcmIp∂p; Ah¿°p Rm≥

am{Xa√, PmXnIfpsS kIekÌfpwIqsS \μn ]dbp∂p. 5AhcpsS hońse k`sbbpw hμ\w

sNbvhn≥; Bkybn¬ {InkvXphn∂p BZyêambn F\n°p {]nb\mb Fss∏\sØmkn∂p

hμ\w sNm√phn≥. 6\nßƒ°mbn hfsc A≤zm\n®hfmb adnsb°p hμ\w sNm√phn≥. 7Fs‚

Nm¿®°mcpw kl_≤∑mcpamb As{¥m\ns°mkn∂pw bq\nbmhn∂pw hμ\w sNm√phn≥; Ah¿

As∏mkvXe∑mcpsS CSbn¬ t]¿sIm≠hcpw F\n°papsº {InkvXphn¬ hnizkn®hcpw

BIp∂p. 8I¿Ømhn¬ F\n°p {]nb\mb AwπnbmsØmkn∂p hμ\w sNm√phn≥. 9{InkvXphn¬

RßfpsS Iq´p the°mc\mb D¿∫ms\mkn∂pw F\n°p {]nb\mb kvXm°phn∂pw hμ\w

307

sNm√phn≥. 10{InkvXphn¬ kΩX\mb As∏tekn∂p hμ\w sNm√phn≥. AcnkvsXm_q-

semkns‚ `h\°m¿°p hμ\w sNm√phn≥. 11Fs‚ Nm¿®°mc\mb sltcmZntbm∂p hμ\w

sNm√phn≥; \¿°ns mkns‚ `h\°mcn¬ I¿Ømhn¬ hnizkn®h¿°p hμ\w sNm√phn≥.12I¿Ømhn¬ A≤zm\n°p∂hcmb {Xpss^s\°pw {Xpt^msk°pw hμ\w sNm√phn≥.

I¿Ømhn¬ hfsc A≤zm\n®hfmb {]nb s]¿knkn∂p hμ\w sNm√phn≥. 13I¿Ømhn¬

{]kn≤\mb cqs^mkns\bpw F\n°pw AΩbmb Ahs‚ AΩsbbpw hμ\w sNbvhn≥.14Akpw{InsXmkn∂pw sπtKm∂pw sl¿tΩmkn∂pw ]s{Xm_mkn∂pw sl¿Ωmkn∂pw IqsSbp≈

ktlmZc∑m¿°pw hμ\w sNm√phn≥. 15^nsemsemsKmkn∂pw bqensb°pw s\scbpkn∂pw

Ahs‚ ktlmZcn°pw Hepºmkn∂pw AhtcmSpIqsSbp≈ kIe hnip≤∑m¿°pw hμ\w

sNm√phn≥. 16hnip≤Npw_\w sIm≠p At\ym\yw hμ\w sNbvhn≥. {InkvXphns‚ kIekÌfpw

\nßsf hμ\w sNøp∂p.

16:2 ""{]nkvIsbbpw AIznemshbpw'' eqs°mkv Ahsf {]nkvIn√ F∂p hnfn-°p-∂p. Ah-fpsS t]cmWv

BZy ]d-™n-cp-∂-Xv, AXv kmwkvIm-cn-I-ambn Akm-[m-c-W-am-bn-cp∂p (H.-t\m. {]hr. 18:18,26; 1 sImcn.

16:19; 2 Xnsam. 4:19). Hcp ]t£ Ahƒ tdma≥ Ipeo\ IpSpw-_mw-Ktam As√-¶n¬ Ah-fpsS `¿Øm-hn-s\-

°mƒ anI® hy‡n-Xz-ap-≈-htfm Bbn-cn-°mw. ]usemkpw Cu Zº-Xn-Ifpw IqSm-c-∏Wn AYhm tXm¬∏Wn

sNøp-∂-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p. ]usemkv Ahsc ""{InkvXp-tb-ip-hn¬ Iq´p-th-e-°m¿'' F∂mWp hnfn-®n-cp-∂-Xv.

Cu Zº-Xn-I-fn¬ \n∂mImw tdmam k`-bpsS i‡nbpw _e-lo-\-Xbpw Ah≥ {Kln-®-Xv.

16:4 ""XßfpsS IgpØp sh®psImSpØhcmIp∂p'' ""Bcm-®m-cpsS agp'' F∂-Xn-\p≈ Hcp {]tbm-K-am-

Wn-Xv. Cu {]tbmKw sIm≠v ]usemkv F¥m-Wp-t±-in-°p-∂Xv F∂ Imcy-Øn¬ ss__nƒ \ni-_vZ-am-

Wv.

""Ah¿°p Rm≥ am{Xa√, PmXnIfpsS kIekÌfpwIqsS \μn ]dbp∂p'' Cu Zº-Xn-I-fpsS

kulr-Z-Øn\pw {Inbm-flI klm-b-Øn\pw ]usem-kv hesc \μn-bp-≈-h-\m-bn-cp-∂p. Xm≥ Ah-cpsS

tkh-\sØ ""PmXnIfpsS kIek`''Ifn-te°pw hym]n-∏n-°pI IqSn sNøp-∂p. Ah-cpsS tkh-\-Øn-

\p≈ Fs¥mcp AwKo-Im-chpw \μn-b¿∏-W-hpw. As∏ms√mkn\v Ah¿ sNbvX klmbambn-cn°mw ChnsS

]cm-a¿kn°p-∂Xv (H.-t\m. {]hr. 18:18-˛24).

16:5 ""AhcpsS hońse'' BZna {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ hoSp-I-fn-emWv IqSn-h-∂n-cp-∂Xv (H.-t\m. 16:23; {]hr. 12:12;

1 sImcn. 16:19; sImsem. 4:15; ^nte. 2). F.-Un. aq∂mw \q‰m-≠p-hsc k`m sIń-S-ßƒ \n¿Ωn-°-s∏-ń-cp-

∂n√.

""k`'' CXv sIń-b-sØ-b√ Bfp-I-sf-bmWp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. ""hnfn-®n-d-°n-b-h¿'' F∂-W¿∞w. {Ko°v

]g-b \nb-a-amb sk]v‰z-Pn‚n¬ Cu ]Zw Izmlm¬ F∂ F{_mb ]Z-Øns‚ X¿÷-a-bm-Wv. ""IqSn-h-chv''

F∂mWv B X¿÷-a. BZna k` Xß-sf-Øs∂, Hcp {]tXyI hn`m-K-am-bn-´-√, ]gb \nba bn{km-tb¬

k`-bpsS \nhr-Øn-bmbn´mWv I≠n-cp-∂Xv. 16:1 se {]tXyI ]T\ hnjbw ImWp-I.

""Bky'' B[p-\nI Xp¿°n-bpsS ]Sn-™mtd aq∂n-sem∂p `mKw hcp∂ tdma≥ {]hn-iy-bm-bn-cp∂p

Bky.

""BZy-^-e-amb'' kvsX^m-\m-kns‚ IpSpw-_-sØ-°p-dn®pw CXp ]d-™n-cn-°p∂p (H.-t\m. 1 sIm-cn.

16:15).

""Fss∏\sØmkv'' ""kvXpXn-°-s∏´'' F∂¿∞w.

16:6 ""\nßƒ°mbn hfsc A≤zm\n®hfmb adnsb°p'' Cu hy‡n-sb-°p-dn®v Hcdnhpw C√. Ahƒ

tdmam k`-bn¬ \n∂p-ap≈ Hcp anj-\dn Bbn-cn-°mw. \nc-h[n anI-®-hcpw `‡-cp-amb hy‡n-I-sf-°p-dn®v

\mw A⁄-cm-Wv, F¶nepw ssZhw Ahsc \√-hÆw Adn-bp-∂p.

16:7 ""kl_≤∑mcpamb'' XShv F¥n-s\-bmWp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-sX∂v B[p-\nI ]WvUn-X-∑m¿°v Dd-∏n-

√. ]usemkv hnizm-k-Øn-\p-th≠n hf-sc-b-[nIw kln-°p-I-bp-≠mbn (H.-t\m. 2 sImcn. 4:8˛11; 6:4˛10; 11:25-

˛28). Ah≥ ^nen-∏n-bnepw ssIk-cy-bnepw tdmanepw Hcp ]t£ a‰p ÿe-ß-fnepw Pbn-ep-I-fn¬ InS-∂n-

´p≠v (H.-t\m. Fs^-skm-kv, 1 sImcn. 15:32; 2 sImcn. 1:8).

""bq\n-bmhv'' Cu t]cv ]p√nw-Ktam kv{Xoenw-Ktam BImw, D®m-cW kqNIw sIm≠m-aXp Xocp-am-\n-

t°≠Xv. IsøgpØp {]Xn-I-fn¬ hyXymkw ImWmw. IsøgpØp {]XnIfmb a, A, B, C, D, F, G, PF∂nhbn¬ bq\n-bm≥ F∂m-Wv. kv{XoenwK cq]w IsøgpØp {]XnIfmb B2, D2, 0150 F∂nhbn¬

ImWmw. BZna ]m∏n-dkv {]Xn-bmb P46 epw Nne hƒtK-‰v, tIm]v‰nIv ]Xn-∏p-I-fnepw sPtdmw D]-tbm-Kn®

{Ko°p ]Xn-∏nepw kv{Xoenw-K-amb bqen-bm≥ F∂m-Wv. CXv ]I¿s∏-gp-Øp-Im¿ hcp-Ønb ]ni-Im-sW∂v

308

Nne ]WvUn-X-∑m¿ hniz-kn-°p-∂p. kv{XoenwK cq]w 16:15 ¬ ImWp-∂n-√. hm. 7 ¬ ImWp∂ c≠p hy‡n-

Iƒ

1. ]usem-kn-t\m-sSm∏w Pbn-en¬ AS-bv°-s∏´ c≠v sblqZ hnizm-kn-Iƒ

2. Hcp ktlm-Z-c\pw ktlm-Z-cnbpw

3. Hcp `mcybpw `¿Ømhpw

Bbn-cn-°m-\mWv km[y-X.

CXv kv{Xoenw-K-am-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw ""As∏m-kvX-e-∑m¿'' F∂ {]tbmKw ""]¥n-cp-h¿'' F∂-Xn-t\°mƒ

hnim-e-amb H∂ns\ kqNn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXm¬ CXv Hcp h\nXm As∏m-kvX-e-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

""bq\n-bmkv'' F∂ enJnXw tdmam kmln-Xy-Øntem Fgp-Øp-I-fntem Hcn-SØpw {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂n√ F∂X#v

Xmev]-cy-P-\-I-am-Wv. F∂m¬ ""bq\nbm'' km[m-c-W-am-bn-cp-∂p. AsXmcp tdma≥ IpSpw_ \ma-am-bn-cp-∂p.

kv{XoI-fpsS ip{iq-jsb kw_-‘n®v IqSp-X¬ hnh-c-ßƒ°v en≥Um _n. shse-hns√ Fgp-Xnb hna≥

eotUgvkv B≥Uv Z N¿®v, t]Pv 188 ^p´vt\m´v 42 ImWp-I.

""As∏mkvXe∑mcpsS CSbn¬ t]¿sIm≠hcpw'' CXv ]¥n-cp-hsc kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-Imw, Aß-s\-

sb-¶n¬ Ch¿ Ah¿°v kp]-cn-Nn-X-cmImw As√-¶n¬ CXv ""As∏m-kvX-e-∑m¿'' F∂-dn-b-s∏´ ip{iq-j-I-

hr-μ-am-bn-cn°mw (H.-t\m. {]hr. 14:4,14; 18:5; 1 sImcn. 4:9; Kem. 1:19; ^nen. 2:25; 1 sX . 2:6). kμ¿`w kqNn-

∏n-°p-∂Xv Fs^. 4:11 set∏m-se-bp≈ hnime A¿∞-amWv, F∂m¬ hnth-NI t`ZIw ]¥n-cp-hsc kqNn-

∏n-°p-∂p. 1:2 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: Ab-bv°pI (At∏m-sÃt√m ˛ apostellw) ImWp-I.

""F\n°papsº {InkvXphn¬ hnizkn®hcpw'' ]usem-kns‚ Za-kvtImkv tdmUnse A\p-`-h-Øn\pw

apsº c£n-°-s∏´v ip{iq-j-bn¬ Bb-h-cmWv Ah¿ F∂m-WnXp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

16:8˛16 Cu `mKsØ t]cp-Iƒ ]WvUn-X¿°v A⁄m-X-am-Wv. Ah¿ ssZh-Øn\pw ]usem-kn\pw {]nb-

s∏-´-h-cm-bn-cp∂p F¶nepw Ah-cpsS t]cp-Ifpw tkh-\-ßfpw ]pXnb \nb-a-Øntem BZna {InkvXob

kmln-Xy-Øntem tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´n-√. {it≤-b-amb Imcyw Ah-bn¬ (1) km[m-cW ASn-a-I-fpsS t]cp-

Ifpw (2) tdma≥ am\y-\m-a-ßfpw (3) sblqZ IpSpw_ t]cp-Ifpw Dƒs∏-´n-cn-°p∂p F∂-Xm-Wv. ]pcp-j-

∑mcpw kv{XoIfpw D≠v. kº-∂-cmb kzX{¥ a\pjycpw k©mc kphn-ti-j-Icpw D≠v. t]¿jy-bn¬

\n∂p≈ hntZ-in-Iƒ D≠v. tbip-{In-kvXp-hns‚ k`-bn¬ F√m aXn-ep-Ifpw CSn-™n-cn-°p∂p (H.-t\m. 3:22;

10:12; tbmth. 2:28˛32 [{]hr. 2:14-˛21]; 1 sImcn. 12:11; Kem. 3:28; sImsem. 3:11).

16:8 ""I¿Ømhn¬ F\n°p {]nb\mb'' {]nb≥ F∂ ]Zw aØm. 3:17 epw 17:5 epw ]nXmhmw ssZhw

]p{X--\mb tbiphns\-°p-dn®p ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. AXv sbi-øm-hns‚ Zmk-Ko-X-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ Hcp

\ma-amWv (H.-t\m. aØm. 12:18; sbi. 42:1 s‚ D≤-c-Wn). F¶nepw hnizm-kn-Isf A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNøm-

\mWv ]usemkv CXv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv (H.-t\m. 1:7; 16:8,9; 1 sImcn. 4:14,17; 15:58; Fs^. 6:21; ^nen. 2:12;

sImsem. 4:7,9,14; 1 Xnsam. 6:2; ^nte. 16).

""AwπnbmsØmkv'' {]nkvImbpw bq\n-bmbpw t]mse CXpw Hcp kp{]-kn≤ tdma≥ IpSpw_ t]mcm-

Wv.

16:9 ""{InkvXp-hn¬'' ""I¿Øm-hn¬'' F∂-Xp-t]mse CXpw Cu A[ym-b-Øn¬ Bh¿Øn-°p∂ {]tbm-K-

am-Wv. Cu {InkvXob {]h¿Ø-I¿ Hcp IpSpw-_-Øn-s‚, Hcp c£-Is‚ `mK-am-Wv.

""D¿∫ms\mkv'' ""]´-W-hm-kn'' AYhm ""]´-W-Øn¬ P\n-®-h≥'' F∂¿∞w.

""kvXm°p'' ""IXn¿'' ([m-\y-Øn-s‚) F∂¿∞w hcp∂ hnc-f-amb Hcp \ma-am-Wv. Cu \maw ssIk-

dns‚ IpSpw-_-tØmSp _‘-s∏-´-Xm-sW∂v ]pcm-hkvXp Kth-j-W-ßƒ sXfn-bn-®n-´p-≠v.

16:10 ""{InkvXphn¬ kΩX\mb'' ]co-£-I-fn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-bn´pw hniz-kvX-\mbn \n∂ Hcphs\ `wKy-

¥-tcW kqNn-∏n-°p-I-bm-Wn-hn-sS. 2:18 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWp-I.

""AcnkvsXm_qsemkv'' CXv sltcmZv A{Kn∏m H∂m-as‚ ({]-hr. 12 ¬ bmt°m-_ns\ h[n® sltcm-

Zm-hv) ktlm-Z-c-\m-sW∂v Nne ]WvUn-X-∑m¿ (sse-‰v^p-´v) A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. Aß-s\-sb-¶n¬ CXp kqNn-

∏n-°p-∂Xv kphn-tijw FtZmay cmP-Ip-Spw-_-Ønepw {]th-in®p F∂m-Wv.

""`h\°m¿°v'' CXv Acn-tÃm-_p-sem-kns‚ IpSpw-_-°m-sc-b√ Ah-cpsS ASn-a-I-sf-bmWp kqNn-∏n-

°p-∂-sX∂v Nne ]WvUn-X-∑m¿ Nn¥n-°p-∂p. CXp Xs∂-bmWv hm. 11 se ""\¿°ns mkns‚ h\°mcn¬''

F∂-Xn-s‚bpw A¿∞w.

16:11 ""sltcmZntbm≥'' sltcm-Zm-hns‚ IpSpw-_-Øns‚ Hcp ASn-a-bm-bn-cn°mw CXv.

""\¿°ns mkns‚ h\°mcn¬'' t¢mUn-bkv N{I-h¿Øn-bpsS {]kn-≤-\mb Hcp tkh-I-\m-bn-cn°mw

Cbmƒ. Aß-s\-sb-¶n¬ CXp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv kphn-tijw tdma≥ cmP-kZ nepw {]th-in®p F∂m-Wv.

309

16:12 ""{Xpss^\'' Cu t]cn-\¿∞w ""at\m-l-c-amb'' F∂m-Wv.

""{Xpt^mk'' Cu t]cn-\¿∞w ""arZpe-amb'' F∂m-Wv. Ah¿ ktlm-Z-cn-am-cm-bn-cn-°mw, an°-hmdpw Cc-

´-Iƒ.

""hfsc A≤zm\n®hfmb'' ""Xf¿∂p-ho-gpw-hsc'' A[zm\n® F∂ kqN-\-bm-Wn-Xn-\p-≈-Xv.

""s]¿knk'' Cu t]cn-\¿∞w ""t]¿jy≥ h\nX'' F∂m-Wv.

16:13

NASB ""I¿Øm-hn¬ Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´ a\p-jy-\mb''

NKJV, NRSV ""I¿Øm-hn¬ Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´''

TEV ""I¿Øm-hns‚ ip{iq-j-bn¬ {]kn≤ {]h¿Ø-I-\mb''

NJB ""I¿Øm-hn¬ Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´ Zmk-\mb''

Cu hm°n-\¿∞w ""Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´-h≥'' F∂m-Wv. ChnsS Cu ]Zw ssZh-Øns‚ hnfn-tbmSp am{X-

a-√, Ahs‚ Pohn-X-ssi-en-tbmSpw _‘-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p. Ahs‚ AΩ ]usem-kns\ hfsc kvt\l-tØmsS

ip{iq-jn-®p.

""cqs^mkv'' Cu t]cn-\¿∞w ""Nph∂'' AYhm ""Nph∂ inc- p≈'' F∂m-Wv. tdman¬ kp{]-kn-≤-

\mb Hcp cqs^mkv D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-cn-°Ww (H.-t\m. a¿s°m. 15:21). Cu a\p-jy≥ Xs∂-bmtWm Ah≥

F∂p \n›-b-an-√, F¶nepw km[y-X-bp-≠v.

16:14 ""sl¿Ωmkv'' ku`mKy tZhs‚ t]cm-Wn-Xv. H∂mw \q‰m-≠nse {Ko°v-˛-tdm-a≥ temI-Ønse ASn-a-

Iƒ°p≈ k¿Δ-km-[m-c-W-amb t]cm-bn-cp∂p CXv.

16:15 ""kIe hnip≤∑m¿°pw'' 1:7 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: hnip-≤-∑m¿ ImWp-I.

16:16 ""hnip≤Npw_\w'' Bcv, Bsc, Ft∏mƒ, Fhn-sS-sh®v Npw_n®p F∂-Xn\v BZna Ime sXfn-hp-Iƒ

C√. kn\-tKm-Kn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp∂ A`n-hm-Z\ coXn k`-bnepw XpS¿∂p-h∂p ˛ ]pcp-j-∑m¿ ]pcp-j-∑msc

bpw kv{XoIƒ kv{XoI-sfbpw Ihn-fn¬ Npw_n-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p coXn (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 16:20; 2 sImcn. 13:12;

1 sX . 5:26; 1 ]s{Xm. 5:14). Cu A`n-hm-Z\ coXn k`-bn¬ Hcp {]iv\-am-bn-Øo¿∂p, ImcWw Ahn-izm-kn-

Iƒ CXns\ sX‰n-≤-cn-°p-Ibpw Nne k`-I-fn¬ CXp \n¿Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. F¶nepw c≠mw \q‰m-≠nepw

CXp \ne-\n-∂-Xmbn PÃn≥ am¿ń-b¿ ]cm-a¿in-®n-´p-≠v.

tdma¿ 16:17˛2017ktlmZc∑mtc, \nßƒ ]Tn® D]tZiØn∂p hn]coXamb Zzμz]£ßsfbpw CS¿®-

Isfbpw D≠m°p∂hsc kq£n®psImt≈Wsa∂p Rm≥ \nßsf {]t_m[n∏n°p∂p. AhtcmSp

AI∂p amdphn≥. 18Aßs\bp≈h¿ \ΩpsS I¿Ømhmb {InkvXphns\ A√, XßfpsS hbdns\

At{X tkhn°bpw N°chm°pw apJkvXpXnbpw ]d™p km[p°fpsS lrZbßsf h©n®p-

IfIbpw sNøp∂p. 19\nßfpsS A\pkcWw ]cs° F√mh¿°pw {]kn≤ambncn°p∂p;

AXpsIm≠p Rm≥ \nßƒ \nanØw kt¥mjn°p∂p; F¶nepw \nßƒ \s∑°p ⁄m\nIfpw

Xns∑°p A⁄∑mcpw BtIWw F∂p Rm≥ C—n°p∂p. 20kam[m\Øns‚ ssZhtam thKØn¬

kmØms\ \nßfpsS Imev°osg NsX®p Ifbpw. \ΩpsS I¿Ømhmb tbip{InkvXphns‚

Ir] \nßtfmSpIqsS Ccn°pamdmIs´.

16:17 Cu ap∂-dnbn∏v ]›m-Ø-e-Øn-te°v CSbv°p Ib-dp-∂-Xmbn ImWp-∂p. F¶nepw ]usemkv CXv

`‡-cmb k©mc kphn-ti-j-ItcmSv Xmc-X-ay-s∏-SpØn tcJ-s∏-SpØn Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Cu Zpcp-]-tZ-i-

I-c-cpsS {]hr-Øn-I-fpsS Hcp ]ńI hm. 17-˛18 ¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p.

1. Ah¿ `n∂-X-bp-≠m-°p∂p

2. Ah¿ hnizm-kn-I-fpsS apºnevS CS¿® shbv°p∂p

3. k`-bpsS D]-tZ-i-Øn\p hncp-≤-am-bh ]Tn-∏n-°p∂p

4. Ah¿ kz¥w hb-dns\ tkhn-°p∂p

5. N°chm°pw apJkvXpXnbpw ]d™p km[p°fpsS lrZbßsf h©n®p-IfIbp∂p

Cu ]ńI 14:1˛15:13 se _e-lo-\cpw i‡-cp-amb hnizm-kn-I-fpambn _‘-s∏-´-X-√.

""AhtcmSp AI∂p amdphn≥'' CsXmcp h¿Ø-am-\-Ime I¿Øcn hn[n-cq-]amWv. CXv Bh¿Øn-

°p∂ hnj-b-amWv (H.-t\m. Kem. 1:8˛9; 2 sX . 3:6,14; 2 tbml. 10).

310

16:18

NASB, NRSV, TEV ""Xß-fpsS kz¥w hni-∏ns\''

NKJV ""Xß-fpsS kz¥w hb-dns\''

NJB ""Xß-fpsS kz¥w AXym-{K-lsØ''

A£-co-I-ambn CXv ""hb-dp-Iƒ'' F∂mWv (H.-t\m. ^nen. 3:19; XosØm. 1:12). Zpcp-]-tZ-jvSm-°ƒ kI-e-

sØbpw Xß-fpsS hb-dns‚ {]iv\-hp-ambn Iq´n-ap-´n-°p-∂p.

""N°chm°pw apJkvXpXnbpw ]d™p'' Zpcp-]-tZ-jvSm-°ƒ an°-t∏mgpw imco-cnI kuμ-cy-hpw BI¿j-

I-amb hy‡n-Xz-ap-≈-hcpw Bbn-cn°pw (H.-t\m. sImsem. 2:4). Ah¿ Xß-fpsS Ah-X-c-W-Øn¬ bp‡n`{Z-

am-bn-cn-°pw. kq£n-°pI! Zpcp-]-tZ-jvSm-°sf ]co-£n-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Nne am¿§-ßƒ Xncp-sh-gp-Øn¬

\¬In-bn-´p≠v (B-h. 13:1˛5; 18:22; aØm. 7; ^nen. 3:2˛3,18-˛19; 1 tbml. 4:1˛3).

""km[p°fpsS lrZbßsf h©n®pIfIbpw'' XpS¿am -\-amb h©-\sb kqNn -∏n -°p∂

h¿Øam\Ime I¿Øcn kqNIamWnXv. km[p-°-fmb ]pXnb hnizm-kn-I-fmWv ]e-t∏mgpw Ch-cpsS Cc-

bm-bn-Øo-cp-∂Xv (""Zp-jvS-X-bn¬ ]cn-N-b-an-√m-Ø-h¿'').

16:19 ""\nßfpsS A\pkcWw ]cs° F√mh¿°pw {]kn≤ambncn°p∂p'' CXv 1:8 s\ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.

CXp ]usem-kns‚ AXyp-‡n-bpsS Hcp DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv.

""\s∑°p ⁄m\nIfpw Xns∑°p A⁄∑mcpw BtIWw'' CXp tbip-hns‚ D]-tZ-isØ {]Xn-^-

en-∏n-°p∂p (H.-t\m. aØm. 10:16; eqs°m. 10:3).

16:20 ""kam[m\Øns‚ ssZhtam'' CXp ssZh-Øns‚ AXni-b-I-c-amb Hcp \ma-amWv (H.-t\m. 15:33; 2

sImcn. 13:16; ^nen. 4:9; 1 sX . 5:23; F{_m. 13:20).

""thKØn¬ kmØms\ \nßfpsS Imev°osg NsX®pIfbpw'' CXv Dev]. 3:15 s‚ kqN-\-bm-Wv.

ain-lm-bp-am-bp≈ hnizm-kn-I-fpsS _‘w Ah¿°p hnPbw \¬Ip∂p (H.-t\m. 1 tbml. 5:18-˛20). CXv

al-Ømb Hcp hmKvZ-Øhpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-hp-am-Wv. Cu ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ kmØm≥ {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p-

∂Xv k` AXns‚ alm-\n-tbmKw km£m-XvI-cn-°p-∂-Xn\p XS- -ambn n∂-Xbpw Ie-lhpw hnX-®p-sIm≠v

Fgp-t∂-ev°p∂ Zpcp-]-tZ-jvSm°sfbm-Wv. Zpcp-]-tZ-jvSm°fpsS ]n∂n¬ ss]im-NnI i‡n-bm-Wp-≈-Xv.

F¶nepw kphn-tijw AXns\ Bt«-jn-°p-Ibpw AX-\p-k-cn®v Pohn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h¿°v A‘-Im-c-

sØbpw ZpjvS-X-sbbpw ]pd-Øm-°pw. Cu hnj-bsØ kw_-‘n-®p≈ anI® {KŸ-Øn\v ¢n‚≥ Cu.

A¿t\mƒUns‚ {Xo {Iqjy¬ IzÃy≥kv F_u´v kv]ncn-Nz¬ hm¿s^-b¿ ImWp-I.

{]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: BfXz-ap≈ Zp„X]e Imc-W-ß-fm¬ hfsc {]bm-k-I-c-amb Hcp hnj-b-am-Wn-Xv.

1. \∑bpsS Hcp apJyi{Xp-hns\ ]g-b-\n-baw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂n-√, F∂m¬ a\p-jy\v sX‰mb

hgn ImWn®p sImSp-°p-Ibpw a\p-jy-\n¬ A\oXn Btcm-]n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ btlm-h-bpsS

Hcp Zmk-s\-°p-dn®p ]d-bp-∂p≠v (A. B. Davidson, Old Testament Theology, p. 300-306).2. ssZh-Øns‚ Bf-Ø-ap≈ apJy-i{Xp F∂ Bi-bw, t]¿jy≥ aX-Øns‚ (skm-cm-jv{Sn-b-\n-

kw) kzm[o-\-Øn¬ thZ-]p-kvXI CS-°me kmln-Xy-Øn-emWv (A-Im-t\m-\n-I) hnImkw {]m]n-

®-Xv. XpS¿∂v AXv d∫n sblqZ aXsØ hf-sc-b-[nIw kzm[o-\n®p.

3. ]g-b-\n-ba Bi-bsØ ]pXnb \nbaw AXn-i-b-I-camw hn[w ka-{K-am-b, F∂m¬ {i≤-]q¿Δw

Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´ hn[-Øn¬ hnI-kn-∏n-°p-∂p.

thZ-]p-kvXI ssZh-im-kv{X-Øns‚ (Hmtcm ]pkvX-IsØ As√-¶n¬ Fgp-Øp-Im-cs\ As√-¶n¬

kmlnXy cq]sØ shtΔsd ]Tn-°p-∂-Xv) ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬ Zp„Xsb°p-dn-®p≈ ]T-\sØ Hcp-h≥ kao-

]n-®m¬, Zp„-X-sb-°p-dn®p hfsc hyXy-kvX-amb ho£-W-ß-fm-bn-cn°pw e`n-°p-I.

F∂m¬ temI-a-X-ß-fp-sS-tbm ]uckvXy aX-ß-fp-sStbm thZ-]p-kvX-tI-Xc As√-¶n¬ thZ-]p-

kvX-Im-XoX ho£-W-Øn¬ Zp„-Xsb°pdn-®p≈ ]T-\sØ Hcp-h≥ kao-]n-®m¬, ]pXnb \nb-a-ho-£-

W-Øns‚ \ng¬ t]¿jy≥ ssZzX-hm-Z-Ønepw {Ko°v-˛-tdm-a≥ Bfl-hm-Z-Ønepw ImWp-hm≥ Ign-t™-

°pw.

thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øns‚ ssZhnIm-[n-Im-cn-I-X-bn¬ hniz-kn-®p-sIm≠v B [mc-W-bn¬ ]Tn-®m¬, ]pXn-

b-\n-ba hnIm-ksØ ]ptcm-K-a\ shfn-∏m-Smbn ImWm≥ Ign-bpw. Cu Bi-bsØ hy‡-am-°p-hm≥

sblqZ \mtSm-Sn-°-Y-I-sftbm Cw•ojv kmln-Xy-sØtbm (A-Xm. Umt‚, an¬´¨) A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂-

Xn¬ \n∂pw hnizm-kn-Iƒ kzbw kq£n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. shfn-∏m-Sns‚ Cu taJ-e-bn¬ Nne a¿Ω-ßfpw

Zp¿{K-l-X-I-fp-ap-≠v. Zp„-X, AXns‚ D¤hw, AXns‚ Dt±iyw F∂nh kw_-‘n® F√m Imcy-ßfpw

311

shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ ssZhw Dt±-in-®n-ń√, F¶nepw AXns‚ ]cm-Pbw ssZhw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn!

]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ kmØm≥ (BDB 966) AYhm Ip‰m-tcm-]-I≥ F∂ ]Zw aq∂p hyXykvX Iq´-

tcmSp _‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn ImWmw.

1. am\p-jnI Ip‰m-tcm-]-I≥ (1 iaq-. 29:4; 2 iaq-. 19:22; 1 cmPm-. 11:14,23,25; k¶o. 109:6)

2. ZqX Ip‰m-tcm-]-I≥ (kwJy. 22:22-˛23; skJ. 3:1)

3. ss]im-NnI Ip‰m-tcm-]-I≥ (1 Zn\-. 21:1; 1 cmPm-. 22:21; skJ-. 13:2)

CS-°me L´-Øns‚ Ah-km\ L-´-Øn¬ am{X-amWv Dev]. 3 se ]mºns\ kmØm-\mbn Nn{Xo-

I-cn®p XpS-ßn-b-Xv (H.-t\m. ⁄m\n. 2:23˛24; 2 lmt\m°v 31:3), AXn\pw hf-sc-°m-e-Øn-\p-ti-j-amWv

d∫n-am¿ CXp kzoI-cn-®Xv (H.-t\m. tkm´v 9b; k≥sl-{Zn≥ 29a). 1 lmt\m°v 54:6 ¬ Dev]. 6 se

""ssZh-Øns‚ ]p{X-am¿'' Zp„-Zq-X-∑m-cmbn amdn. d∫n ssZh-im-kv{X-Øn¬ Zp„-X-bpsS Bcw`w Ah-cm-

Wv. Rm\nXp ]d-bp-∂Xv B Bi-bØns‚ ssZh-im-kv{X- IrXy-Xsb Dd-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\-√, adn®v AXns‚

hf¿® ImWn-°m-\mWv. ]pXnb \nb-a-Øn¬ Cu {]hr-Øn-I-sf√mw Bf-Ø-ap≈ Zp„-Zq-X-\n¬ Btcm-

]n-°p-∂p (A-Xm. kmØm≥, 2 sImcn. 11:3; shfn. 12:9).

]g-b-\n-a-Øn¬ \n∂pw Zp„-X-bpsS Dev]Øn \n¿Æ-bn-°pI {]bm-ktam Akm-≤ytam BWv (\n-

ß-fpsS ho£-WsØ ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n). CXns‚ Imc-W-ß-fn-sem∂v bn{km-tb-ens‚ i‡-amb GI-

ssZh hnizm-k-amWv (H.-t\m. 1 cmPm-. 22:20˛22; k`m. 7:14; sbi-. 45:7; Btam. 3:6). F√m Zpc-¥-ßfpw

btlm-h-bm¬ kw`-hn-°p-∂Xpw AX-hs‚ AXp-ey-X-sbbpw ]c-am-[n-Im-c-sØbpw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-

Xp-am-bn-cp∂p (H.-t\m. sbi. 43:11; 44:6,8,24; 45:5˛6,14,18,21,22).

hnh-c-ßƒ e`n-°¬ km[y-X-bp≈ Dd-hn-S-ßƒ: (1) Ctøm_v 1˛2, AhnsS kmØm≥ ""ssZh ]p{X-

∑m-cn¬'' Hcp-h-\mWv (A-Xm-bXv ZqX-∑m¿); (2) sbi-ømhv 14; sbsl-kvt°¬ 28, AhnsS kmØms‚

K¿ΔsØ Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-hm≥ K¿Δn-I-fmb ]uckvXy cmPm-°-∑msc (_m-t_¬, tkm¿) D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-

°p-∂p (H.-t\m. 1 Xnsam. 3:6). Cu kao-]-\-sØ-°p-dn®v F\n°p kΩn-{i-hn-Im-c-ß-fm-Wp-≈-Xv. GsZ≥tXm´

kmZriyw, tkm¿cmPm-hn\p kmØm-s\∂ \ne-bn¬ am{X-a√ sbsl-kvtI¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv

(H.-t\m. sbsl. 28:12-˛16). \∑-Xn-∑-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ Adn-hns‚ hr£w F∂ \ne-bn¬ an{kbow cmPm-

hn\pw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p≠v (sbsl. 31). F∂n-cp-∂mepw sbi-ømhv 14, hnti-jm¬ hm. 12-˛14, Al-¶mcw

\nan-Ø-ap≈ Hcp ZqXs‚ adp-X-en-∏n-s\-°p-dn®p hnh-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn tXm∂p-∂p. kmØms‚ {]tXy-I

kz`m-hhpw Dev]-Ønbpw kw_-‘n®v \ap°p shfn-s∏-Sp-ØnØcp-hm≥ ssZhw B{K-ln-®n-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬

CXv AXn\p ]‰nb ]tcm-£-amb coXnbpw ÿe-hp-am-Wv. hnhn[ \nba-ß-fn-sebpw Fgp-Øp-Im-cp-

sSbpw ]pkvX-I-ß-fp-sSbpw kmln-Xy-cq-]-Øn-s‚bpw sNdnbXpw Zp¿{K-l-hp-amb `mK-ßsf FSpØv

ssZhnI ]Z-{]-iv\-Øns‚ Ij-W-ßƒ F∂ \ne-bn¬ Iqń-t®¿°p∂ hyh-ÿnX ssZh-im-kv{X-Øns‚

{]h-W-X-bvs°-Xnsc \mw Pm{KX ]pe¿tØ-≠-Xm-Wv.

B¬{Ûv GZ¿sj-bn≥ (The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah, Vol.2, appendices XIII [pp.748 -763] and XVI [PP 770-776]) ]d-bp-∂-Xv, d∫n sblq-Z-aXw t]¿jy≥ ssZzX-hm-Z-Ømepw ss]im-

NnI Dulm-t]m-l-ß-fmepw Aan-X-ambn kzm[o-\n-°-s∏´psh∂mWv. Cu hnj-b-Øn¬ kXy-Øns‚

icn-bmb Dd-hn-S-ß-f√ d∫n-am¿. tbip kn\-tKm-Knse ]Tn-∏n-°¬ coXn-bn¬ \n∂p amdn k©-cn-®p.

ko\mbn ]¿Δ-X-Øn¬ sh®v tamsi°p \ymb-{]-amWw \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\p≈ ZqX-am-[y-ÿhpw FXn¿∏pw

kw_-‘n® d∫n-am-cpsS Bibhpw btlm-h-bpsSbpw kIe a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw apJy ZqX˛i{Xp -F∂

Bi-b-Øn\p hnØp-]mIn F∂p Rm≥ Nn¥n-°p-∂p. t]¿jy≥ ssZzX-hm-Z-Øn¬ c≠v {][m\ tZh-∑m-

cp-≠v, Alvdn-am\pw Hm¿a-kbpw ˛ \√ tZh-\pw Zp„ tZh\pw. Cu ssZzX-hmZw sblq-Z-a-X-Ønse

btlm-hbpw kmØm\pw F∂ ]cn-anX ssZzX-hm-Z-ambn hnImkw {]m]n®p.

Zp„-X-bpsS hnImkw kw_-‘n®v ]pXnb \nb-a-Øn¬ ]ptcm-K-a\ shfn-∏mSps≠∂Xp icn-bm-

sW-¶n-epw, d∫n-am¿ {]Jym-]n-°p-∂-{Xbpw hnim-e-am-bn-´√ AXp-≈-Xv. Cu hyXym-k-Øns‚ Hcp anI®

DZm-l-cWw ""kz¿§-Ønse bp≤w'' BWv. kmØms‚ hogvN bp‡n-]-c-amb Hcm-h-iy-amWv. F∂m¬

hni-Zmw-i-ßƒ \¬Inbnń√. \evI-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mepw shfn-∏mSv kmln-Xy-Øn¬ ad-bv°-s∏-´-

\nebnemWp \evIn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xpw (H.-t\m. shfn-. 12:4,7,12-˛13). kmØm≥ tXmev]n-°-s∏´v `qan-bn-te°v

\mSp-I-S-Ø-s∏-s -¶nepw Ah-\n-t∏mgpw btlm-h-bpsS Hcp tkh-I-\mbn {]h¿Øn-°p∂p (H.-t\m. aØmbn

4:1; eqs°mkv 22:31-˛32; 1 sImcn-. 5:5; 1 Xnsam. 1:20).

Cu hnjbw kw_-‘n-®p≈ \ΩpsS Pn⁄mk \mw AS-°ntb aXn-bm-Iq. ]co-£-bp-sSbpw ZpjvS-

X-bp-sSbpw Hcp Bf-Xz-i-‡n-bp≠v. F¶nepw Hcp ssZhw am{X-ta-bp-≈q, a\p-jy≥ Ahs‚/Ah-fpsS

sXc-s™Sp-∏p-Iƒ°v ]q¿Æ DØ-c-hm-Zn-bp-am-Wv. c£bv°v apºpw ]nºpw Bflob t]mcm-´-ap-≠v.

{XntbI ssZh-Ønepw ssZh-Øn-eq-sSbpw am{X-amWv hnPbw e`n-°p-∂Xpw \ne-\n¬°p-∂Xpw. Zp„X

]cm-P-b-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂p, AXn\n \o°w sNø-s∏Spw!

312

""I¿Ømhmb tbip{InkvXphns‚ Ir] \nßtfmSpIqsS Ccn°pamdmIs´'' CXp ]usem-kns‚

Hcp km[m-ca D]-kw-lm-c-amWv (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 16:23; 2 sImcn. 13:14; Kem. 6:18; ^nen. 4:23; sImsem. 4:18;

1 sX . 5:28; 2 sX . 3:18; shfn. 22:21). AXv Ahs‚ kz¥ Iøm¬ Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°m-\mWv km[y-X. Xs‚

Fgp-Øp-Isf th¿Xn-cn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn-\p≈ am¿§-am-bn-cp∂p AXv (H.-t\m. 2 sX . 3:17; 1 sImcn. 16:21; sImsem.

4:18).

tdma¿ 16:2121Fs‚ Iq´pthe°mc\mb XnsamsYsbmkpw Fs‚ Nm¿®°mcmb eqsIymkpw bmtkm\pw

tkmkn]s{Xmkpw \nßsf hμ\w sNøp∂p.

16:21-˛23 Cu hmIy-ßƒ Hcp ]n≥Ip-dn∏v Bbn-cn-°m-\mWp km[y-X. sImcn-¥n-ep≈ ]usem-kns‚ kl-

{]-h¿Ø-I¿ hμ\w Adn-bn-°p-∂p.

16:21 ""eqsIymkv'' CXv

1. sshZy-\mb eqs°mkv (H.-t\m. sImsem. 4:14) As√-¶n¬ ""hnZym-k-º-∂-\mb'' F∂ {]tbmKw

2. Iptd-\-°mc\mb eqs°mkv (H.-t\m. {]hr. 13:1)

3. Hcp A⁄mX {InkvXym\n

Bbn-cn-°mw.

""bmtkm≥'' ]usemkv sX -sem-\o-Iy-bn¬sh®v Chs‚ `h-\-Øn-em-bn-cn°mw ]m¿ØXv (H.-t\m.

{]hr. 17:5˛9).

""tkmkn]s{Xmkv'' {]hr. 20:4 ¬ ImWp∂ s_tcm-h-bnse tkm]-s{Xmkv Bbn-cn-°mw.

tdma¿ 16:2222Cu teJ\w FgpXnb sX¿sXmkv F∂ Rm≥ \nßsf I¿Ømhn¬ hμ\w sNøp∂p.

16:22 ""Cu teJ\w FgpXnb sX¿sXmkv'' Xs‚ teJ-\-ßƒ Fgp-Xp-hm≥ ]usemkv Fgp-Øp-Imsc (A-

am-\yp-F≥kn-kv- ˛ amanuensij) sh®n-cp∂p (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 16:23; Kem. 6:11; sImsem. 4:18; 2 sX . 3:17).

]usem-kn\v ImgvN-°p-d-hp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ sNdnb A£-c-ßƒ Fgp-Xp-hm≥ Ign-hn-√m-bn-cp∂p F∂p

Rm≥ hniz-kn-°p∂p. Hcp ]m∏n-dkv jo‰n¬ As√-¶n¬ tXm¬ Npcp-fn¬ teJ\w HXp-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn sNdnb

A£-c-ßƒ ASp-∏n-s®-gp-X-W-am-bn-cp∂p (H.-t\m. Kem. 6:18).

tdma¿ 16:2323F\n°pw k¿Δks`°pw AXnYnkev°mcw sNøp∂ Kmsbmkv \nßsf hμ\w sNøp∂p.

]´WØns‚ `fimchnNmcI\mb FckvsXmkpw ktlmZc\mb Iz¿sØmkpw \nßsf hμ\w

sNøp∂p.

16:23 ""F\n°pw k¿Δks`°pw AXnYnkev°mcw sNøp∂'' k`-bn¬ A\n-hm-cy-am-bn-cp∂ AXn-Yn-k-

ev°m-c-am-bn-cp∂p CXv. kmº-Øn-I-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ Nne hnizm-kn-Iƒ k©mc kphn-ti-j-I¿°v Xma-khpw

`£-Whpw \¬In-bn-cp-∂p. Nne¿ Cu a\p-jy-s\-t∏mse Xß-fpsS `h\w IqSn-h-c-hp-Iƒ°mbn Xpd-∂p-

sIm-Sp-Øp. \qdp h¿j-tØmfw IpSpw-_-k-`-Iƒ Cu coXn-bn-em-bn-cp-∂p. 16:1 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw:

k` ImWp-I.

""Kmsbmkv '' CXv

1. {]hr. 18:7 se Kmsbmkv XosØmkv bpkvsXmkv

2. Z¿s∫-°m-c-\mb Kmsbmkv ({]-hr. 19:29; 20:2; 1 sImcn. 1:14)

3. 3 tbml. hm. 1 se Kmsbmkv

F∂n-h-cn-sem-cm-fm-bn-cn°mw.

""]´WØns‚ `fimchnNmcI\mb FckvsXmkpw'' Xs∂-°p-dn®v {]hr. 19:22; 2 Xnsam. 4:20 epw

]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p. Ah\v ]usem-kn-t\mSp _‘-s∏´ Hcp k©mc ip{iq-j-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

""Iz¿sØmkv '' eØo-\n¬ Cu t]cns‚ A¿∞w ""\mem-a-tØXv'' F∂m-Wv. Ah≥ sX¿sØm-kns‚

313

ktlm-Z-c-\m-bn-cn-°mw, AXn\v eØo-\n¬ ""aq∂m-a-tØXv'' F∂m-W¿∞w (H.-t\m. hm. 22).

16:24 Cw•o-jn¬ ImWp∂ hm. 24 ""\ΩpsS I¿Ømhmb tbip{InkvXphns‚ Ir] \nßtfmSpIqsS

Ccn°pamdmIs´'' F∂-Xm-Wv. Cu hmIyw ]pcm-X\ IsøgpØp {]XnIfmb P46,61, a, A, B, C, 0150F∂nhbn¬ C√. Nne Isø-gpØp {]Xn-I-fn¬ 16:23 \pti-jhpw Nne-Xn¬ 16:27 \pti-jhpw BWv CXp-≈-

Xv. CXv ]usemkv Fgp-Xn-b-Xm-Im≥ km[y-X-bn-√. NASB, NRSV, TEV, NJB F∂nhbn¬ CsXm-gn-hm-°n-

bn-cn-°p-∂p. Hgn-hm-°-en\v UBS4 “A”td‰nwKv (Dd-∏p-≈-Xv) \¬Ip∂p.

CXpƒs∏sS Cw•ojv ss__n-fn¬ 27 hmIy-ß-fm-Wp-≈-Xv. ae-bm-f-Øn¬ 26 hmIy-ß-fpw.

tdma¿ 16:24- 2624]q¿ΔImeßfn¬ ad™ncp∂n´p Ct∏mƒ shfns∏´ph∂Xpw \nXyssZhØns‚

\ntbmK{]Imcw kIePmXnIƒ°pw hnizmkØns‚ A\pkcWØn∂mbn 25{]hmNI∑mcpsS

FgpØpIfm¬ Adnbn®ncn°p∂Xpamb a¿ΩØns‚ shfn∏mSn∂p A\pkcWambp≈ Fs‚

kphntijØn∂pw tbip{InkvXphns\°pdn®p≈ {]kwKØn∂pw HØhÆw \nßsf

ÿncs∏SpØphm≥ Ignbp∂ 26GI⁄m\nbmb ssZhØn∂p tbip{InkvXpapJm¥cw

Fs∂t∂°pw alXzw D≠mIpamdmIs´. Bta≥.

16:24˛26 {Ko°n¬ CXv Hcp hmN-I-am-Wv. Cu Bio¿hmZw {Ko°p Isø-gpØp {]Xn-I-fn¬ A. 14 s‚

A¥y-Ønepw A. 15 s‚ A¥y-Ønepw ImWmw. ]usem-kns‚ kz¥w Iøm¬ Fgp-X-s∏´ {KŸ-Øns‚

{][m\ hnj-b-ß-fpsS Hcp kw{K-l-am-Wn-Xv.

Nne¿ hniz-kn-°p-∂Xv Cu ssZh-kvXpXn

1. Fs^-ky¿°p≈ Nm{InI teJ-\-Øns‚ Ih-dnwKv se‰¿

2. tdman-te°p bm{X sNøp-∂-h¿°v

a. ]usemkv Hcn-°epw tdmw kμ¿in®nń-√, F¶nepw 26 t]tcmSv Xm≥ ltem ]d-bp∂p

b. Zpcp-]-tZ-i-°m-sc-°p-dn-®p≈ BZy-kq-N-\-bmWv A. 16

c. kvXpXn-b¿∏Ww {Ko°p Isø-gpØp {]Xn-I-fn¬ \nc-h[n ÿe-ß-fn¬ ImWp∂p

]usemkv c≠p tIm∏n-Iƒ Fgp-Xn-bn-c-°m≥ km[y-X-bp-≠v, A. 1˛14 tdman-te-°pw, A. 1˛16 Fs^-skm-kn-

te-°pw. km[m-c-W-bmbn Cu {]kvXm-h-\-Iƒ°p≈ DØcw

1. Cu Bcw-`-Ime {InkvXob {]h¿Ø-I-cn¬ A[n-Ihpw bm{X sNbvXn-cp-∂p-sh∂ hkvXpX

2. Bcw-`-Ime {Ko°p Isø-gpØp {]Xn-I-fn¬ H∂n¬t]mepw 16 A[ym-b-Øn¬ Ipd-hn-√m-bn-cp∂p

3. Zpcp-]-tZ-i-Isc 14:1˛15:13 ¬ kqNn∏n®ncn-°p∂p F∂ hkvXpX.

16:25 ""Ignbp∂ ssZhØn∂p'' ]pXnb \nb-a-Øn¬ aq∂p {]mhiyw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂ ssZh-Øns‚

A¤p-X-I-c-amb t]cm-WnXv (H.-t\m. Fs^. 3:20; bqZm 24).

ssZhw Fß-s\-bmWv hnizm-kn-Isf Dd-∏n-°p-∂-sX∂v ImWp-I.

1. ]usem-kns‚ kphn-tij Ah-X-cWw

2. ad-™n-cp-∂Xpw Ct∏mƒ shfn-s∏-´p-h-∂-Xp-amb ssZh-Øns‚ \nXy-amb c£m-]-≤-Xn.

hnizm-kn-Iƒ kphn-tijØns‚ Adn-hn-\m¬ i‡n-s∏-Sp-∂p. Cu kphn-tijw Ct∏mƒ kI-e¿°pw e`y-

am-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

""Ct∏mƒ shfns∏´ph∂Xpw'' Cu a¿Ωw AYhm ssZh-Øns‚ ]≤Xn Ct∏mƒ kIe a\p-jy¿°p-

ambn shfn-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p. AXv tbip-{In-kvXp-hns‚ kphn-ti-j-amWv (H.-t\m. Fs^. 2:11-˛3:13).

""{]hmNI∑mcpsS FgpØpIfm¬'' Cu a¿Ωw ssZhw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv tbip-{In-kvXp-hns‚ Be-

Xz-Ønepw {]hr-Øn-bn-ep-am-Wv. CXv ]gb \nba {]hm-N-I-∑m¿ ap≥Iqń {]kvXm-hn-®n-cp-∂-Xm-Wv. hniz-kn-

°p∂ sblq-Z-∑m-scbpw PmXn-I-sfbpw Dƒs∏-SpØn ]pXnb \nba k` ÿm]n-°pI F∂Xv F√m-bvt]mgpw

ssZh-Øns‚ ]≤-Xn-bmbncp∂p (H.-t\m. Dev]. 3:15; 12:3; ]pd. 19:5˛6; bnsc. 31:31-˛34).

""a¿Ωw'' a\p-jy-h¿§-Øns‚ hos≠-Sp-∏n-\m-bn, hogvNbv°p aptº cq]-s∏-Sp-Ønb Hcp ]≤Xn ssZh-

Øn-\p-≠m-bn-cp∂p (H.-t\m. Dev]. 3). Cu ]≤-Xn-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ kqN\ ]gb \nbaw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p≠v

(H.-t\m. Dev]. 3:15; 12:3; ]pd. 19:5˛6; {]hm-NI ]pkvX-I-ß-fnse km¿Δ-eu-InI hmIy-ßƒ). F∂n-cp-∂mepw

]q¿Æ-amb ]≤Xn hy‡-am-bn-cp-∂n√ (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 2:6˛8). tbip-hn-s‚bpw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-s‚bpw hc-

thmsS CXv A[nIw hy‡-ambn XpS-ßn. ]usemkv ""a¿Ωw'' F∂ ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-®Xv apgp-h≥ tamN\

]≤-Xn-sbbpw hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\mWv (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 4:1; Fs^. 2:11˛3:13; 6:19; sImsem. 4:13; 1 Xnsam.

1:9). F¶nepw Ah≥ AXns\ hnhn[ \ne-I-fn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-≠v.

1. PmXn-Isf Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\mbn bn{km-tb-en\p kw`-hn® `mKn-I-amb ITn-\-s∏-S¬. PmXn-Iƒ°p

e`n® Cu Ah-kcw tbip-hns\ {InkvXp-hmbn sblq-Z≥ AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Ah-k-c-ambn

314

(H.-t\m. tdma. 11:25-˛32).

2. kphn-tijw PmXn-I-fn¬ {]kw-Kn-°p-Ibpw Ahsc {InkvXp-hn-eq-sSbpw {InkvXp-hnepw Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-

Ibpw sNbvXp (H.-t\m. tdma. 16:25-˛27; sImsem. 2:2).

3. c≠mw hc-hn¬ hnizm-kn-Iƒ°p e`n-°p∂ ]pXnb icocw (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn. 15:55-˛57; 1 sX . 4:13-˛18)

4. {InkvXp-hn¬ F√mw H∂m-bn-t®-cp-∂Xv (H.-t\m. Fs^. 1:8˛11)

5. PmXn-Ifpw sblq-Z-∑mcpw {InkvXp-hn¬ Iq´-h-Im-in-Iƒ (H.-t\m. Fs^. 2:11-˛3:13)

6. {InkvXphpw k`bpw XΩn-ep≈ ASp-∏hpw _‘hpw hnhml kmZr-iy-Øn¬ hnh-cn-®n-cn-°p∂p (H.-

t\m. Fs^. 5:22-˛33)

7. PmXn-Iƒ DS-ºSn P\-X-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-Sp-Ibpw {InkvXp-hns‚ Bflm-hn-\m¬ A[n-h-kn-°-s∏-

Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xn-eqsS Ah-cn¬ {InkvXp-km-Zriyw Dev]m-Zn-∏n-°p-Ibpw hogvN kw`-hn® a\p-jy-

h¿§-Ønse hnIr-X-am-°-s∏´ ssZhnI kzcq]w ]p\x-kr-jvSn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp∂p (H.-t\m. Dev].

1:26-˛27; 5:1; 9:6; sImsem. 1:26-˛28).

8. A¥y-Ime FXn¿{InkvXp (H.-t\m. 2 sX . 2:1˛11)

9. 1 Xnsam. 1:16 ¬ ImWp∂ a¿ΩsØ kw_-‘n® Hcp BZn-a-Ime kw{K-lw.

""\nXyssZhØns‚'' Xmsg sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWpI

{]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw: \nXy-ambtdm_¿´v _n. Kn¿Un¬tÃm-Wns‚ knt\m-\nwkv Hm^v Z HmƒUv sSÃ-sa‚n¬ "\nXy-amb' F∂

]Z-sØ-°p-dn®v Xmev]-cy-P-\-I-amb Hcp hni-Zo-I-cWw \¬In-bn-´p≠v:

\ma-hn-ti-j-W-amb Fbn-tbm-Wn-tbmkv (aioniojaioniojaioniojaioniojaionioj) \nXy-Po-h≥ F∂ A¿∞-Øn¬ ]pXnb

\nb-a-Øn¬ 40 e[nIw {]mhiyw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂p. AXv `mKn-I-ambn h¿Ø-am-\-Ime Zm\hpw

`mKn-I-ambn `mhn-Ime hmKvZ-Ø-hp-am-Wv. tdma. 16:26 ¬ ssZh-Øns‚ A\-¥-amb BkvXn-Iy-sØ-

°p-dn®pw; F{_m. 9:12; 13:20 ¬ {InkvXp-hns‚ {]mb-›n-Ø-bm-K-Øns‚ \nXy-amb ^e-sØ-°p-

dn®pw; tdma. 16:25; 2 Xnsam. 1:9; XosØm. 1:2 ¬ ]q¿ΔImesØ°p-dn®pw CXp-]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

aØm. 18:8; 25:41; bqZm 7 ¬ \nXym-·n-sb-°p-dn®pw; aØm. 25:46 ¬ \nXy-in-£m-hn-[n-sb-°p-

dn®pw; a¿s°m. 3:29; F{_m. 6:2 ¬ \nXy \ymb-hn[n AYhm \misØ°p-dn®pw; 2 sX . 1:9 ¬

\nXy-\m-i-sØ-°p-dn®pw ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p. Cu thZ-`m-K-ß-fn¬ CXv A¥n-am-h-ÿsb kqNn-∏n-

°p-∂p. CXp kw`-hn-°p-tºmƒ am‰-Øn-t\m, aS-ßn-h-c-hn-t\m, Hcp-hs‚ ]Z-hn-bn-te°p Xncn-®p-h-cp-

∂-Xnt\m D≈ Ah-kcw Ft∂-°p-ambn ]q¿Æ-ambn C√m-Xm-Ip-∂p. `mhn-sb-°p-dn-®v, tij-ap≈

Pohn-X-tØm-Sv a\p-jy-Po-hn-Øn-\p≈ _‘sØ-°p-dn-®v, \nXy-X-tbm-Sp≈ _‘-Øn¬ Ahn-izm-

k-Øns‚ [m¿ΩnI mc-sØ-°p-dn-®v, hf-sc-°p-d®p Imcy-ßtf \ap-°-dn-I-bp-≈p. Hcp-h-iØv ssZh-

h-N-\-tØmSp Iq´p-tN¿°p-∂Xv sX‰m-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ Xt∂, adp-`m-KØv AXn¬\n∂pw \o°n-°-f-

bm\pw \ap-°m-hn-√. Xncp-sh-gp-Øn¬ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂ \nXy-Xsb kw_-‘n® Imcy-ß-ƒ

\sΩ {]bm-k-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-sh-¶n¬, \ap°p a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-bmØ Hcp Ccp≠ ]›m-Øew

Ds≠∂v AwKo-I-cn-®p-sIm-≠v, \mw {InkvXp-hn-ep≈ ssZh-kvt\-l-Øns‚ kphn-ti-j-tØmSp ]‰n-

t®¿∂v ImØn-cn-°pI'' (t]Pv 318-˛319).

""kIePmXnIƒ°pw'' CsXmcp `qX-Ime I¿ΩWn A]q¿Æ-{In-b-bm-Wv. Du∂-en-\p-th≠n {Ko°p-hm-

N-I-Øns‚ Ah-km-\-am-WnXp tN¿Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ssZhw kphn-tij hmKvZm\w kIe temI-Øn\pw \¬In-

bn-cn-°p-∂p, AXm-bn-cp∂p F√m-bvt]mgpw Ahs‚ Dt±iyw (H.-t\m. Dev]. 3:15).

NASB ""hnizmkØns‚ A\pkcWØn∂mbn''

NKJV ""hnizmkØnte°p A\pkcWw hcp-tØ-≠-Xn\v''

NRSV ""hnizmkØns‚ A\pkcWw hcp-tØ-≠-Xn\v''

TEV ""hnizmkØns‚ A\pkcWØnte°p \bn-°p-hm≥''

NJB ""Ahsc hnizmkØns‚ A\pkcWØnte°p \bn-°p-hm≥''

Cu {]tbmKw hyXykvX \ne-I-en¬ a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn\v km[n°pw; CXp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv

1. {InkvXphns\-°p-dn-®p≈ D]-tZiw

2. {InkvXp-hn-ep≈ B{ibw

3. kphn-ti-j-tØmSv {]mcw-`-ambpw XpS¿am-\-am-bp-ap≈ A\p-k-cWw

A\p-k-c-WsØ (H.-t\m. 1:5) am\-km-¥-chpw hnizm-khpw F∂ Bi-b-tØmSv ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-ambn _‘n-

∏n-t°-≠-XmWv (H.-t\m. a¿s°m. 1:15; {]hr. 3:16,19; 20:21)

315

16:26 ""GI⁄m\nbmb ssZhØn∂p'' GIssZh- hnizm-k-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Hcp kqN-\-bm-WnXv (3:30 se

{]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWp-I, H.-t\m. Bh. 6:4˛5). {InkvXym-\n-Xz-Øn\v sblq-Z-a-X-sØ-t∏mse GI-

ssZ-h-ta-bp-≈p, F¶nepw tbip-hns‚ ]q¿Æ ssZh-Xzhpw Bflm-hns‚ ]q¿Æ Bf-Xzhpw \sΩ "{Xntb-

IX-Xz-Øn-te°v {XnXz-Øn-te°v \bn-°p∂p (8:11 se {]tXyI ]T-\-hn-jbw ImWp-I).

""Fs∂t∂°pw alXzw D≠mIpamdmIs´'' 3:23 se Ipdn∏v ImWp-I.










1. tdman¬ Hcn-°epw t]mbn-´n-√mØ ]usemkv tdmam k`-bnse B Bfp-Isf F√mw a\- n-em-°n-

bXv?

2. h\nXm ip{iq-j-I¿ D≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂-Xn\v thZ-]p-kvXI sXfn-hp-Iƒ F¥mWv (H.-t\m. 16:1; 1

Xnsam. 3:11; 5:3˛16)?

3. Cu A[ym-b-Øn¬ C{X-b-[nIw kv{XoI-sf-°p-dn®p ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂Xv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-sX-¥mWv?

4. Zpcp-]-tZ-jvSm-°-fpsS coXn-Ifpw ktμ-ihpw hnh-cn-°pI (hm. 17-˛18).

316

A\p_‘w H∂v

{Ko°v hymI-cW ]Z-ß-fpsS lrkz \n¿h-N\w

sl√-\n-ÃnIv {Ko°v F∂p kmam-\y-ambn ]d-bp∂ sImbvt\ {Ko°v Bbn-cp∂p alm-\mb Ae-Ivkm-

≠-dpsS (_n.-kn. 336˛323) B{I-aWw apX¬ XpS¿∂p≈ FÆqdp h¿j-ß-fn¬ (_n.-kn. 300 ˛ F.-Un. 500)

saUn-‰-td-\n-b≥ {]tZisØ s]mXp-`m-j. AXv tIhew efn-X-amb ¢m n°¬ {Ko°v am{Xambn-cp-∂n-√,

adn®v At\I \ne-I-fn¬ {Ko°ns‚ ]pXnsbmcp cq]hpw ]pcm-X\ kao-] -]q¿ΔtZi-ß-fn-sebpw saUn-‰-td-

\n-b≥ {]tZ-i-ß-fn-sebpw c≠mw `mj-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p.

]pXnb \nb-a-Øns‚ {Ko°v Nne \ne-I-fn¬ AXp-ey-am-bn-cp∂p, ImcWw AXp-]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂-h¿,

eqs°mkpw F{_mb teJ\ cN-bn-Xmhpw HgnsI Acmay {]Ya `mj-bmbn D]-tbm-Kn-®-h-cm-bn-cp∂p. AXn-

\m¬ Ah-cpsS Fgp-Øp-Isf Acm-ay-bpsS ssien-Ifpw LS\m khn-ti-j-X-Ifpw kzm[o-\n-®n-cp-∂p. sImbvt\

{Ko°n¬ Fgp-X-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂ sk]v‰z-Pn‚ v (]-g-b-\n-b-a-Øns‚ {Ko°p ]cn-`m-j) Ah¿ hmbn-°p-Ibpw

AXn¬\n∂p D≤-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. F¶nepw sk]v‰zPn‚pw cNn°-s∏-´Xv {Ko°p amXr-`m-j-b-√mØ

sblqZ ]WvUn-X-∑m-cm¬ Bbn-cp-∂p.

AXn-\m¬ ]pXn-b-\n-b-asØ Hcp I¿i-\-amb hymI-c-W -N-´-°qń¬ HXp-°phm≥ \ap-°m-hn√ F∂v

CXp \sΩ Hm¿Ωn∏n-°p-∂p. AXv AXp-ey-am-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ Xs∂ AXv (1) sk]v‰z-Pn‚ v; (2) sPmko-^-

kns‚ cN-\-Iƒ t]mse-bp≈ sblqZ cN-\-Iƒ; (3) CuPn-]v‰n¬ \n∂pw e`n® ]m∏n-dkv F∂n-h-bpsS

s]mXpkz`mhw D≈-h-bp-am-Wv. F¶n¬ Fßs\ \ap°v ]pXnb \nb-a-Øns‚ hymI-c-W -hn-i-I-e-\sØ

kao-]n-°m≥ Ignbpw?

sImbvt\ {Ko°n-s‚bpw ]pXn-b-\n-ba sImbvt\ {Ko°n-s‚bpw hymI-cW khn-tijXIƒ hg-°-ap-

≈-Xm-Wv. ]e \ne-I-fnepw AXv hymI-c-W-Øns‚ efn-X-hXvI-c-W-am-Wv. kμ¿`-amWv \ΩpsS {][m\

hgn-Im-ń. hnime kμ¿`-Øn¬ am{Xta hm°p-Iƒ°v A¿∞-ap-≈q. AXn-\m¬ hymI-c-W-L-S\ a\- n-em-

°m≥ Ign-bp-∂Xv (1) B {]tXyI Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚ ssien; (2) B {]tXyI kμ¿`w F∂n-h-bpsS shfn-

®-Øn¬ am{X-am-Wv. {Ko°v cq]-ßfpw LS-\bpw kw_-‘n®v Hcp A¥na \n¿Δ-N\w km[y-a-√.

sImbvt\ {Ko°v {]mY-an-I-ambn Hcp hmsamgn `mj-bm-Wv. an°-t∏mgpw hymJym-\-Øn-\p≈ Xmt°m¬

Cu A£-c-cq-]-ß-fpsS C\hpw cq]-hpw- BWv. an° {][m\ hmN-I-ß-fnepw {Inbm-]-Zw, AXns‚ {]m[m-

\ysØ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xn\mbn BZy-amWv D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn°p∂-Xv. {Ko°v {Inb-Isf hni-I-e\w sNøp-tºmƒ

aq∂p Imcy-ßƒ {i≤n-°-Ww: (1) Imew, {]tbm-Kw, {Inbm-cq]w F∂n-h-bpsS ASn-ÿm\ Du∂¬ (B-

Ivkn-U≥kv AYhm tam¿t^m-f-Pn); (2) B {]tXyI {Inb-bpsS ASn-ÿm\ A¿∞w (se-Ivkn-t°m-{K-

^n); (3) kμ¿`-Øns‚ Hgp°v (kn‚m-Ivkv).

I. Imew

A. Imew F∂-Xn¬ ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏´ {]hr-Øn-tbmtSm A]q¿Æ {]hr-Øn-tbmtSm D≈ {Inb-I-

fpsS _‘w Dƒs∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p. CXv an°-t∏mgpw ]q¿Æw (s]¿^-IvSohv) AYhm A]q¿Æw

(Cws]¿^-IvSohv) F∂p hnfn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.

1. ]q¿Æ-Imew (s]¿^-IvSohv sS≥kv) {]hrØn \S-°p-∂-Xn-emWv {i≤-bq-∂p-∂-Xv. Ft¥m kw`-

hn®p F∂sXmgnsI IqSp-X¬ hnh-c-ßƒ \¬Ip-∂n√! AXns‚ XpS-°hpw XpS¿®bpw ]q¿Øo-

I-c-Whpw ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂n-√.

2. A]q¿Æ-Imew (Cws]¿^-IvSohv sS≥kv) Hcp {]hr-Øn-bpsS XpS¿ {]{In-b-bn¬ {i≤ tI{μo-

I-cn-°p-∂p. AXv t\¿tcJm {]hrØn, {Iam-\p-KX {]hrØn F∂n-ßs\ hnh-cn-°m≥ Ign-

bpw.

B. {]hrØnbpsS apt∂-‰sØ Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥ Fßs\ ImWp∂p F∂-Xns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Ime-

ßsf hn`-Pn-°m≥ Ign-bpw.

1. AXp kw`-hn®p = `qX-Imew (Aorist)2. AXp kw`-hn®p êw \ne-\n-ev°p∂p = ]q¿ÆImew (Perfect)3. AXp `qX-Im-e-Øn¬ kw`-hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p, êw \ne-\n-∂p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p, ]t£ Ct∏m-

gn√ = πq s]¿ÎvSv

4. AXp kw`-hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂p = h¿Ø-am-\-Imew (Present)5. AXp kw`-hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p = A]q¿Æw (Imperfect)6. AXp kw`-hn°pw = `mhn (Future)Cu Ime-ßƒ hymJym-\sØ Fßs\ klm-bn°pw F∂-Xns‚ DZm-l-c-W-amWv ""c£n-°pI''

317

F∂ ]Zw. AXns‚ {]{In-b-sbbpw ]q¿Øo-I-c-W-sØbpw ImWn-°p-hm≥ \nc-h[n hyXykvX

Ime-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≠v.

1. `qX-Imew (aorist) = c£n-°-s∏´p (H.-t\m. tdma¿ 8:24)

2. ]q¿Æ-Imew (Perfect) = ""c£n-°-s∏´p êw XpS-cp∂p'' (H.-t\m. Fs^. 2:5,8)

3. h¿Ø-am-\-Imew (Present) = ""c£n-°-s∏-Sp∂p'' (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn-. 1:18; 15:2)

4. `mhn-Imew (Future) = c£n-°-s∏´p (H.-t\m. tdma¿ 5:9,10; 10:9)

C. {Inbm-Im-e-ß-fn¬ {i≤ tI{μo-I-cn-°p-tºmƒ bYm¿∞ Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥ B {]tXyI Ime-Øn¬

Xs∂-Øm≥ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv Xnc-s™-Sp-Ø-Xns‚ Imc-W-ßfpw hymJym-Xmhv At\z-jn-°pw.

km[m-cW KXn-bn¬ bmsXmcp kwi-b-hp-an-√mØ Imew `qX-Im-e-am-Wv. AXv km[m-c-W-bmb

""{]tXy-I-a-√mØ'', ""{]tXyI AS-bm-f-an-√mØ'' AYhm ""hnti-j-X-bn-√mØ'' {Inbm-cq-]-am-Wv.

kμ¿`-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®v [mcmfw coXn-bn¬ AXp-]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ Ign-bpw. Hcp Imcyw kw`-hn®p F∂p

efn-X-ambn kqNn-∏n-°p-I-bm-WXv. qX-Im-e-Ønse ka-b-hiw \n¿t±-inI hn`‡n-cq-]-Øn¬ am{Xta

kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p-≈q. at‰-sXmcp Imew D]-tbm-Kn-®mepw IqSp-X¬ Fs¥-¶nepw Du∂¬ AXn¬

ImWpw. ]t£ F¥v?

1. ]q¿Æ-Imew (Perfect Tense). \ne-\n-ev°p∂ ê-tØm-Sp-Iq-Snb ]q¿Øn-bmb {]hr-Øn-sb-

°p-dn-®m-WnXp ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Nne Imcy-Øn¬ CXv qX-Im-e-Øn-s‚bpw h¿Ø-am-\-Im-e-Øn-s‚bpw

kwbp-‡-am-Wv. km[m-c-W-bmbn Du∂¬, \ne-\n-ev°p∂ ê-Øntem {]hr-Øn-bpsS ]q¿Øo-

I-c-W-Øntem BWv (D-Zm. Fs^-. 2:5,8, ""\nßƒ c£n-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p ... c£n-°-s∏-´p-sIm-

≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv).

2. πqs]¿sÎvSv (Pluperfect Tense). \ne-\n¬°p∂ ew \n∂n-cn-°p∂p F∂-sXm-gn-®m¬ ]q¿Æ-

Im-e-Øn\p Xpey-am-Wn-Xv. DZm. tbml-∂m≥ 18:16, ""]s{Xmkv hmXn-ev°¬ ]pdØp \nev°p-

tºmƒ...''.

3. h¿Ø-am-\-Imew (Present Tense). ]q¿Øn-bm-ImØ AYhm Cws]¿s^Œv {]hr-Øn-bm-Wn-Xv.

Du∂¬ km[m-c-W-bmbn kw`-h-Øns‚ XpS¿®-bn-emWv. DZm. 1 tbml-∂m≥ 3:6 & 9, ""Ah-

\n¬ hkn-°p-∂-h≥ Bcpw ]m]w sNøp∂n√.''

4. A]q¿Æ-Imew (Imperfect Tense). Cu Ime-Øn¬ h¿Ø-am\ Ime-tØm-Sp≈ _‘w

s]¿s^Œpw πqs]¿s^Œpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘-Øn\p kam-\-am-Wv. kw`-hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂

]q¿Øo-I-cn-°mØ Hcp {]hrØn Ct∏mƒ \n∂n-cn-°p∂p F∂-Xns\°pdnt®m As√-¶n¬ `qX-

Im-e-Ønse Hcp {]hr-Øn-bpsS Bcw-`-sØ-°p-dnt®m Cws]¿^Œv ]d-bp-∂p. DZm. aØmbn 3:5

""sbjti-te-aycpw ... Ahs‚ ASp-°¬ sN∂p'' As√-¶n¬ ""sbjti-te-ay¿ F√m-hcpw Ahs‚

ASp-°¬ sN√p-hm≥ XpSßn-.''

5. `mhn-Imew (Future Tense). `mhn-Im-eØp kw`-hn-°m-\p≈ Hcp {]hr-Øn-sb-°p-dn-®m-WnXv

Ft∏mgpw ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Hcp bYm¿∞- kw`-h-sØ-°mƒ B kw`hw apJm-¥-c-ap≈ km[y-X-I-

fn-emWv Du∂¬. kw`-h-Øns‚ \n›-b-sØ°pdn®mWv CXp an°-t∏mgpw kwkm-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

DZm. aØmbn 5:4˛9, ""`mKy-∑m¿ ... Ah¿ ImWpw.''

II. {]tbmKw (Voice)

A. {Inb-bpsS {]hrØnbpw AXns‚ I¿Ømhpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘-sØ-bmWv {]tbmKw hnh-cn-°p-∂-

Xv.

B. I¿Øm-hmWv {Inb sNøp-∂-sX∂p kqNn-∏n-°p∂ km[m-c-Whpw {]Xo-£n-°p-∂-Xpw, Du∂-en-√m-

Ø-Xpamb {]kvXm-h-\-bmWv I¿Øcn {]tbm-Kw.

C. ]pdsa \n∂p≈ Hcp hy‡n Df-hm-°p∂ {Inb-bpsS {]hrØn I¿Ømhp kzoI-cn-°p∂p F∂¿∞-

am-°p∂XmWv I¿ΩWn {]tbm-Kw. ]pd-sa-bp≈ hy‡n {]hrØn Df-hm-°p∂p F∂-Xns\ Xmsg-

∏-d-bp∂ KXn-Ifpw {]Xy-b-ßfpw D]-tbm-Kn-®mWv {Ko°p ]pXn-b-\n-baw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv:

1. lpt∏m (u.po) D]-tbm-Kn®v t\cn-´p≈ Hcp hy‡n, kwtbm-PnIm hn`‡n (H.-t\m. aØmbn 1:22;

{]hrØn 22:30)

2. Unbm (dia) D]-tbm-Kn®v Hcp CS-\n-e-°m-c-\mb hy‡n kwtbm-PnIm hn`‡n (H.-t\m. aØmbn

1:22)

3. F≥ (en) D]-tbm-Kn®v Hcp Bf-Ø-an-√mØ am[yaw {]tbm-PnIm hn`‡n

4. Nne-t∏mƒ Bf-Øap-≈tXm Bf-Ø-an-√mØtXm Bb Hcp am[y-aw, {]tbm-PnIm hn`‡n

am{Xw

D. am[ya {]tbmKw A¿∞-am-°p-∂Xv I¿Ømhp {Inb-bpsS {]hrØn Df-hm-°p-Ibpw {Inb-bpsS

{]hr-Øn-bn¬ t\cn´v ]¶mfnbm-Ip-Ibpw sNøp∂p F∂mWv. D∂-X-amb hy‡n Xmev]-cy-Øns‚

318

{]tbmKw F∂nXns\ hnfn°mdp≠v. Cu LS-\, hmN-I-cq-]-Øns‚ AYhm hmN-I-Øns‚ hnj-b-

Øn\v Nne coXn-bn¬ Du∂¬ \¬Ip-∂p. Cw•o-jn¬ Cu LS\ C√. {Ko°n¬ CXn\v hnime

A¿∞, ]cn-`m-jm km[y-X-I-fm-Wp≈-Xv. Cu cq]-Øns‚ Nne DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ:

1. dn^vf-Ivkohv ˛ I¿Øm-hns‚ Xt∂m-Sp-Xs∂ t\cn-´p≈ {]hrØn. D-Zm. aØmbn 27:5 ""sIń-

Rm∂p''

2. C‚≥kohv I¿Ømhv AXn-\mbn Xs∂ {]hrØn Df-hm-°p∂p. DZm. 2 sImcn-. 11:14, ""kmØm≥

Xm\pw shfn-®-Zq-Xs‚ thjw [cn-°-p∂p''

3. dkn-t{]m-°¬ ˛ c≠p I¿Øm°ƒ°n-S-bn-ep≈ {]hr-Øn. DZm. aØmbn 26:4 ""(A-t\ym-\yw)

Btem-Nn®p''

II. {Inbm-cq]w (Mood)

A. sImbvt\ {Ko°n¬ \mep {Inbm-cq-]-ß-fp-≠v. {Inbbv°v bmYm¿∞y-hp-am-bp≈ _‘-sØ, Ipd-

™Xv Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚ a\- n-se-¶n-epw, Ah kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. {Inbm-cq-]-ßsf c≠p hnime hn`m-

K-ß-fmbn Xncn-°mw. bmYm¿∞ysØ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-hbpw (kq-N-Iw), km[y-X-Isf kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-

hbpw ({In-bm-_-‘w, hn[n-cq]w AYhm A\p-hm-Z-I-amb/ B{Klw {]ISn∏n-°p-∂).

B. kq-NI {Inbm-cq-]w (Indicative mood), kw`-hn-®tXm kw`-hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂tXm Bb {]hr-

Ønsb ˛ Ipd-™Xv Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚ a\- n¬ ˛ kqNn-∏n-°p∂ km[m-cW {Inbm-cq-]-am-Wv. Hcp

IrXy-amb ka-bsØ kqNn-∏n-°p∂ {Ko°nse GI {Inbm-cq-]-am-Wn-Xv. ChnsSt∏mepw Cu hnjbw

c≠mw Xc-am-Wv.

C. A\p-_‘ {Inbmcq]w (Subjunctive mood) `mhn-bn¬ km[y-X-bp≈ {]hr-Ønsb kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.

B Imcyw CXp-hsc kw`-hn-®n-ń-√, ]t£ AXp kw`-hn-°m-\p≈ km[y-X-bp-≠v. `mhn-kq-N-I-

tØmSv kam-\-X-bp-≈-Xm-W-Xv. hyXymkw A\p-_‘w Hc-f-hp-hsc kwibw {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p F∂-

XmWv. Cw•o-jn¬ AXv ""Ignbpw'', ""Bbn-cn°pw'' (could, would, may, might) F∂o ]Z-ß-fn¬

sIm≠mWp shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv.

D. A\phmZI {Inbm-cq]w (Optative mood) ssk≤m¥nI-ambn km[y-amb Hcp B{K-lsØ shfn-

s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. AXv {Inbm-_-‘-sØ-°mƒ bmYm¿∞y-tØmSv Hcp-]Sn IqSn ASp-Ø-Xm-Wv. Nne

{]tXyI kml-N-cy-Øn¬ AXns‚ km[yX A\p-hm-Z-I-{In-bm-cq]w {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p. ]pXn-b-\n-b-

a-Øn¬ CXv A]q¿Δ-am-Wv. AXns‚ IqsS-°q-sS-bp≈ D]-tbmKw ]usem-kns‚ {]kn-≤-amb

ssien, ""Hcp-\mfpw AcpXv'' (""ssZhw hne-°s´'') BWv. CXv 15 {]mhiyw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂p

(H.-t\m. tdma. 3:4,6,31; 6:2,15; 7:7,13; 9:14; 11:1,11; 1 sImcn-. 6:15; Kem. 2:17; 3:21; 6:14). a‰v DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ

eqs°m. 1:38; 20:16; {]hr. 8:20; 1 sX -. 3:11 F∂o hmIy-ß-fn¬ ImWmw.

E. hn[ncq-]w (Imperative mood) km[y-amb Hcp Iev]\ Du∂n-∏-d-bp-∂p, F¶nepw kwkm-cn-°p∂hs‚

Dt±-iy-Øn-\mWv Du∂¬. kzta-[bm D≈ km[y-X-sb-bm-WXp {]kvXm-hn-°p-∂-Xv, AXns‚

hyhÿ as‰m-cp-hs‚ sXc-s™-Sp-∏p-I-fm-Wv. {]m¿∞-\-I-fnepw {]Y-a-]p-cpj At]-£-I-fnepw

hn[n-cq-]Øns‚ {]tXyI D]-tbm-K-ap-≠v. ]pXnb \nb-a-Øn¬ Cu Iev]-\-I-ƒ h¿Ø-am\, `qX-

Im-e-ß-fn¬ am{Xta ImWp-∂p-≈q.

F. Nne hymI-cW {KŸ-ßƒ A]q¿Æ-{In-b-Isf (Participles) as‰mcp {Inbm-cq-]-ambn {]kvXm-hn-

°p∂p. ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ AXp km[m-cWamWv, Ahsb km[m-c-W-bmbn Aen-JnX \ma-hn-ti-

jW-ßƒ F∂p hnfn-°p-∂p. Ah _‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂ {][m\ {Inb-tbmSp _‘-s∏-Sp-Øn-bm-WXv

]cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Øm-dp-≈-Xv. A]q¿Æ {Inb-Iƒ ]cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ sshhn-[y-ßƒ°v Gsd

km[y-X-bp-≠v. \nc-h[n Cw•ojv ]cn-`m-j-Iƒ ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂Xv DØ-a-am-Wv. t_°¿ {]kn-≤o-I-

cn® Z ss__nƒ C≥ Sz‚n knIvkv {Sm≥k-te-j≥kv anI® klm-bI {KŸ-am-Wv.

G. `qX-Ime I¿Øcn kqN-Iw, Hcp kw`-hsØ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ km[m-c-Whpw As√-¶n¬

""{]tXyI tXm∂mØ coXn-bn-ep-≈-Xp-amb'' am¿§-am-Wv. at‰-sXmcp Ime-Øn\pw {]tbm-K-Øn\pw

{Inbm-cq-]-Øn\pw aqe Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥ hn\n-abw sNøm-\m-{K-ln-°p∂ GsX-¶nepw \ne-bn-ep≈

hymJym-\n-°p∂ {]m[m-\y-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°pw.

IV. {Ko°v `mj ]cn-Nban√mØ hy‡n°v Xmsg∏d-bp∂ {KŸ-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw IqSp-X¬ hnh-c-ßƒ e`n-

°pw.

A. Friberg, Barbara and Timothy. Analytical Greek New Testament. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1988.

B. Marshall, Alfred. Interlinear Greek-English New Testament. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1976.

C. Mounce, William D. The Analytical Lexicon to the Greek New Testament. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1993.

319

D. Summers, Ray. Essentials of New Testament Greek. Nashville: Broadman, 1950.

E. Academically accredited Koine Greek correspondence courses are available through Moody Bible Insti-tute in Chicago, IL.

V. \ma-ßƒ

A. ]Z-hn-\ym-k {Ia- kw-_-‘am-bn, \ma-ßƒ hn`-‡n-°-\p-k-cn-®mWv hn`-Pn-°mdp≈-Xv. \ma-Øn\v

{Inbm-tbmtSm hmN-I-Ønse a‰p `mK-ß-tfmsSm D≈ _‘w shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ \ma-cq-]-sØ-bmWv

hn`‡n F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv. sImbvt\ {Ko°n¬ hn`-‡n-bpsS [¿Ω-ß-f-[nIhpw KXn D]-tbm-Kn-

®mWv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. \nc-h[n hyXykvX _‘-ßsf Xncn-®-dn-hm≥ hn`‡n cq]-ßƒ°p Ign-bp-

sa-∂-Xn-\m¬, km[y-amb [¿ΩØn\v hy‡-amb th¿Xn-cnhp \¬Ip∂ hn[-Øn¬ KXn-Iƒ hnI-

kn-∏n-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p.

B. {Ko°v hn`-‡n-Iƒ Xmsg ]d-bp∂ F´p coXn-bn¬ hn`-Pn-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂p

1. \n¿t±-inI (Nominative) t]cp \evIp-∂-Xn\p]tbm-Kn-°p∂p; km[m-c-W-bmbn AXm-bn-cn°pw

hmN-I-Ønse As√-¶n¬ D]-hm-N-I-Ønse I¿Øm-hv. kwtbm-PI {Inb-I-fmb ""to be''AYhm

""become'' (B-bn-cn-°p-I, Bbn-Øo-cp-I) F∂nh D]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØn BJymX \matam (Predi-cate noun) \ma-hn-ti-j-Wtam \n¿Ωn-°m\pw AXp-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

2. kw_-‘nI (Genetive) hnh-c-W-Øn-\p-th≠n D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p; km[m-c-W-bmbn AXp _‘-

s∏-Sp∂ hm°n\v Hcp khn-ti-jX AYhm KpWw \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\mbn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. ""GXp-

Xcw?'' F∂ tNmZy-Øn\v AXp-Øcw \evIp-∂p. Cw•ojv KXn-bmb "to' (DsS/s‚) D]-tbm-Kn-

®mWv {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

3. kwtbm-PnI (Ablative) kw_-‘nI t]mse ]Z-ß-fpsS AtX cq]-t`Zw D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p

F¶nepw AXv th¿Xn-cnhp ImWn-°m-\m-Wp-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. kabw, ÿm\w, Dd-hn-Sw, aqew,

Afhv F∂n-h-bnse Hcp L´-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ th¿Xn-cn-hm-WXp km[m-c-W-bmbn sNøp-∂-Xv.

Cw•ojv KXn-bmb "from' (HmSv/¬\n∂v) D]-tbm-Kn-®mWv {]tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv.

4. Dt±-inI (Dative) Hcp hy‡n]c-amb Xmev]-cysØ hnh-cn-°m-\p-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. CXv km[-

Im-fl-Itam \ntj-[m-flm-Itam Bb XesØ kqNn-∏n°mw. an°-t∏mgpw CXv ]tcm£ I¿Ω-

am-Imw. Cw•ojv KXnbmb "to' (°v/ \v) D]-tbm-Kn-®m-WnXp {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

5. B[m-cnI (Locative) hn`‡n Dt±-inI°p kam-\-amb h{I-cq-]-am-sW-¶nepw AXv ÿm\w,

kabw AYhm bp‡n-]-c-amb ]cn[n F∂n-h-bnse ÿm\w AYhm ÿew hnh-cn-°m-\m-Wp-

]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv. Cw•ojv KXn-I-fmb ""in, on, at, am, on, during, by'' (¬/I¬) F∂nh D]-tbm-

Kn-®m-WnXv {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

6. {]mtbm-PnI (Instrumental) hn`‡n Dt±-in-Ibpw B[m-cn-Ibpw t]mse-bp≈ h{I-cq-]-ß-fm-

Wv. AXv am¿§sØ AYhm _‘sØ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. ""by'' ""with'' (B¬/sIm≠v) F∂o

Cw•ojv KXn-Iƒ sIm≠m-WnXv {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

7. I¿Ω hn`‡n (Accusative) Hcp {]hr-Øn-bpsS kam-]-\sØ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. AXv ]cn-[nsb

shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. {]Xy£ I¿Ω-amWv A-Xns‚ {][m\ D]-tbmKw. ""F{X-tØmfw,'' ""GX-

fhp hsc?'' F∂o tNmZy-ßƒ°v AXp-Øcw \evIp-∂p.

8. {]Xn-{Km-lnI (Vocative) t\cn-´p≈ A`n-kw-t_m-[\bv°v D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

VI. kap-®b ]Z-ßfpw kwtbm-P-I-ßfpw

A. {Ko°v Hcp IrXy-X-bp≈ `mj-bmWv, ImcWw AXn\v Iqń-t®¿°p∂ [mcmfw ]Z-ß-fp-≠v. Ah

Nn¥-Isf IqńtbmPn-∏n-°p∂p (hm-Iy-i-I-e-ßƒ, hmN-I-ßƒ, JWvUn-Iƒ). Ah k¿Δ-km-[m-c-

W-am-b-Xn-\m¬ AXns‚ A`mhw an°-t∏mgpw hymJym-\-]-c-ambn {]m[m-\y-ap-≈-Xm-bn-cn°pw. hmkvX-

h-Øn¬ Cu kap-®b ]Z-ßfpw kwtbm-P-I-ßfpw Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚ Nn¥-bpsS Zni shfn-s∏-Sp-

Øp-∂-h-bm-Wv. Ah≥ hmkvX-h-Øn¬ F¥mWv hn\n-abw sNøm-\m-{K-ln-°p-∂-sX∂p a\- n-em-

°p-∂-Xn¬ Ahbv°p \n¿Æm-bI ]¶p-≠v.

B. Nne kap-®b ]Z-ß-fp-sSbpw kwtbm-PI-ß-fp-sSbpw ]ńI ChnsS sImSp-°p∂p (F-®v. C. Um\m,

Pqen-bkv sI. am‚n F∂n-h-sb-gp-Xnb F am\z¬ {Kma¿ Hm^v Z \yq sSÃvsa‚n¬ \ns∂-SpØ

hnhcß-fm-Wnh).

1. kab kwtbm-P-I-ßƒ

a. Fs]-bn (epei), Fs]-bn-Un (epeidh), slms]m-s‰ (o.pote), tlmkv (o.j), tlms´ (o.te),tlm´m¬ (o.tan I¿Øm-hv) ˛ ""When'' (Ft∏mtfm At∏mƒ)

b. lntbmkv (e.oj),˛ “while” (A-t∂-cw)

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c. tlm´≥ (o.tan), F]m≥ (epan ˛I¿Ømhv) ˛ ""Whenever'' (A-t∏m-sgm-s°)

d. sltbmkv (e.oj), AJvdn (acri), saJvdn (mecri I¿Ømhv) ˛ ""until'' (A-Xp-h-sc)

e. {]n≥ (prin, C≥^n.) ˛ ""before'' apºv

f. tlmkv (o.j),˛ ""Since'', ""When'', ""as'' (AXp-ap-X¬, At∏mƒ, AXp-t]m-se)

2. bp‡n-]-c-amb kwtbm-P-I-ßƒ

a. Dt±iyw

(1) ln\m (i.na I¿Ømhv), tlmt]mkv (o.poj I¿Ømhv), tlmkv (o.j) ˛ ""in order that''""that'' (A-Xn-\mbn, AXm-b-Xv).

(2) tlmkvsS (o.ste - Articilar Ascusative infinitive) ""that'' ˛ ""AXm-bXv''

(3) t{]mkv (proj - Articilar Ascusative infinitive) AYhm Fbnkv (eij - Articilar Ascusativeinfinitive) ˛ “that” ""AXv''

b. êw (D-t±iyw, êw F∂n-h-bpsS hymI-cW cq]-ßƒ XΩn¬ hfsc ASp-∏-ap-≠v)

(1) tlmkvsS (o.ste A-]q¿Æ-{Inb, CXmWv k¿Δ km[m-c-Ww) ""in order that”, “thus''(2) ln\m (i.na I¿) ˛ ""so that'' ""AXn\m¬''

(3) Adm (ara) ˛ ""so'' ""AXpsIm≠v/Aßs\''

c. bmZr-›nIw AYhm ImcWw

(1) Km¿ (gar) (tlXp/êw AYhm ImcWw/kam-]-\w) ""for” “because'' ""A°mc-W-

Øm¬''

(2) Untbmń (dioti), tlmńbp (o.tiu) ˛ ""because'' ""AXpsIm≠v''

(3) Fs]-bn (epei), Fs]-bn-Un (epeidh), tlmkv (o.j), ˛ ""since'' ""AXn\m¬''

(4) Unbm (dia) (I¿Ω hn`‡n-tbm-sSm-∏w) ˛ ""because'' ""F¥p-sIm-s≠∂m¬''

d. A\p-am-\-kn≤w

(1) Adm (ara), t]mbn-\q≥ (poinun), tlmkvsS (o.ste) ˛ ""therefore'' ""AXpsIm≠v''

(2) Untbm (dio) (i-‡-amb A\p-am\ kap-®b ]Zw) ""on which account'' ""whenfore''""therefore'' ""A°mc-W-Øm¬'' ""AXpsIm≠v''

(3) Hu≥ (oun) ""therefore'', “so”, “then”, “consequently” ""A°mc-W-Øm¬'' ""AXpsIm

≠v'' ""X¬^-e-ambn''

(4) tSmbn-\u≥ (toinoun) ˛ “Accordingly” ""AXn-\-\p-k-c-Wambn''

e. FXn-cmb AYhm sshcp≤yw

(1) A√m (alla) (i‡-amb FXn-cv) ˛ “but” “except” ""F¶nepw'' ""Hgn®v''

(2) sU (de) ˛ “but”, “however”, “yet”, “on the other hand” ""F∂m¬,'' ""F∂n-cp-∂mepw,''

""F∂n-´pw,'' ""t\sc adn®v''

(3) Imbn (kai) ˛ “but” ""F∂m¬''

(4) sat‚mbn (mentoi), Hu≥ (oun) ˛ “however” ""F∂ncp∂mepw''

(5) πo≥ (plhn) ˛ “never-the-less” ""F∂ncp∂mepw'' (A-[n-Ihpw eqs°m-kn¬)

(6) Hu≥ (oun) ˛ “however” ""F∂ncp∂mepw''

f. XmcXayw

(1) tlmkv (o.j), ImtØmkv (kaqoj) (Xmc-Xay hmIy-hn-`m-KsØ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂p)

(2) Im‰m (kata), (kwbp‡-ßƒ ImtØm (kaqo), ImtØm‰n (kaqoti), ImtØmkv]¿

(kaqosper), ImØms]¿ (kaqaper)(3) tlmtkmkv (o.soj) ˛ F{_m-b- teJ-\-Øn¬

(4) Cu (h) ˛ “than” ""AXn-s\-°mfpw''

g. XpS-cp-∂Xv AYhm ]c-ºc

(1) sU (de) ˛ “and,” “now” ""Dw,'' ""C\n''

(2) Imbn (kai) ˛ “and” ""Dw''

(3) s‰bn (tei) ˛ “and” ""Dw''

(4) ln\m (i.na), Hu≥ (oun) ˛ “that” ""AXv''

(5) Hu≥ (oun) ˛ “then” ""DSs\'' ""A\-¥cw'' ˛ tbml-∂m\n¬

3. Du∂¬ {]tbm-K-ßƒ

a. A√m (alla) ˛ “certainty,” “yea,” “in fact” ""Xo¿®,'' ""AtX,'' ""hmkvXhw''

b. Adm (ara) ˛ “indeed,” “certainly,” “really” ""Xo¿®-bmbpw,'' ""\n›-b-ambpw'' ""hmkvX-h-

Øn¬''

c. Km¿ (gar) ˛ “but really,” “certainly,” “indeed” ""F∂m¬ hmkvX-hambn,''""Xo¿®-bmbpw,''

""\n›-b-ambpw''

d. sU (de) ˛ “indeed” ""\n›-b-ambpw''

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e. Cbm≥ (ean) ˛ “even” ""t]mepw''

f. Imbn (kai) ˛ “even” “indeed,” “really” ""t]mepw,'' ""Xo¿®-bmbpw,'' ""bYm¿∞-ambn''

g. sat‚mbn (mentoi) ˛ “indeed” ""Xo¿®-bmbpw''

h. Hu≥ (oun) ˛ “really,” “by all means” ""Xo¿®-bmbpw,'' ""F√m-hn-[-Ønepw''

VII. tkm]m-[nI hmN-I-ßƒ

A. Ht∂m A[n-e-[n-Itam D]m-[n-Iƒ AS-ßn-b-h-bmWv tkm]m-[nI hmN-Iw. Cu hymI-cW LS\

hymJym-\sØ klm-bn-°p-∂p, ImcWw AXv {][m\ {Inb sNøp-∂ AYhm sNømØ {]hr-Øn-

bpsS hyh-ÿ-Ifpw, Imc-W-ßfpw AYhm tlXp-°fpw \evIp-∂p. \mep Xc-Øn-ep≈ tkm]m-

[nI hmN-I-ßfp-≠v. Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚ ho£-W-Øn¬ kXyw F∂-\p-am-\n-°p∂ Imcyw, As√-

¶n¬ Ahs‚ cN-t\m-t±-iysØ ]n¥p-W-bv°p-∂Xp apX¬ tIhew Hcp B{Klw hsc-bp-≈h

AXn-epƒs∏-Sp-∂p.

B. H∂mwXcw tkm]m-[nI hmNIw ""F¶n¬'' F∂ ]Z-tØm-Sp-IqSnbmbm¬ t]mepw shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-

s∏´ {]hrØn As√-¶n¬ Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚ ho£-W-Øn¬ kXy-sa-∂-\p-am-\n-°p∂ Imcyw As√-

¶n¬ Ahs‚ cN-\m-]-c-amb Dt±-iy-Øn\p th≠n-bp-≈Xv Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. \nc-h[n kμ¿`-ß-fn¬

AXv ""AXn-\m¬,'' ""F¶n¬,'' ""Bb-Xn-\m¬'' F∂ A¿∞Øn¬ (H.-t\m. aØm. 4:3; tdma. 8:31)

F∂p X¿÷a sNøm≥ Ign-bpw. F∂n-cp-∂mepw F√m H∂mw-Xcw tkm]m-[nI hmN-I-ß-fpw

bmYm¿∞y-Øn\p \nc-°p∂XmsW∂p CXv A¿∞-am-°p-∂n-√. ]e-t∏mgpw CXv Hcp hmZ-{]-Xn-hm-Z-

Ønse hnjbw D∂-bn-°p∂Xnt\m As√-¶n¬ Hcp sX‰v Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂-Xnt\m D]-tbm-Kn-°m-

dp≠v (H.t\m. aØm. 12:27).

C. c≠mwXcw tkm]m-[nI hmN-IsØ an°-t∏mgpw ""hkvXpXm hncp≤w'' F∂p hnfn-°m-dp-≠v. Hcp

hnjbw ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n bmYm¿∞y-tØmSp s]mcp-Ø-s∏-SmØ H∂ns\ AXp {]kvXm-

hn-°p-∂p. DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ:

1. Ch≥ {]hm-N-I≥ Bbn-cp∂p F¶n¬, Ah≥ AX√, Xs∂ sXmSp∂ kv{Xo Bsc∂pw Fß-

s\-bp-≈-hƒ F∂pw Adn-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p, AX-h≥ Adn-™n√'' (eq-s°m. 7:39)

2. ""\nßƒ tamsisb hniz-kn®p F¶n¬, AXp \nßƒ sNøp-∂n-√, Fs∂bpw hniz-kn-°p-am-bn-

cp-∂p, AXp \nßƒ sNøp-∂n√'' (tbm-l-. 5:46)

3. ""C∂pw Rm≥ a\p-jysc {]km-Zn-∏n-°p∂p F¶n¬, AXp Rm≥ sNøp-∂n-√, Rm≥ {InkvXp-

hns‚ Zmk-\mbncn°-bn√, AXp Rm≥ BIp∂p'' (K-em. 1:10)

D. aq∂mwXcw tkm]m-[nI hmNIw km[y-amb `mhn-{]-hr-Ønsb kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. B {]hr-Øn-bpsS

kw`hyX-bmWv AX-\p-am-\n-°p-∂-Xv. kw`-hn-°m-\n-S-bp≈ H∂n-s\ AXp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. ""F¶n¬''

hIp-∏-\p-k-cn®v {][m-\ -{In-b-bpsS {]hrØn kw`-hy-X-bp-≈-Xm-Wv. 1 tbml-∂m-\n¬ \n∂p≈ DZm-

l-c-W-ß-ƒ: 1:6-˛10; 2:4,6,9,15,20,21,24,29; 3:21; 4:20; 5:14,16).

E. \memwXcw tkm]m-[nI hmNIw hnZqc km≤yX am{X-ap-≈-Xm-Wv. ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ AXv A]q¿Δ-

am-Wv. hmkvX-h-Øn¬ D]m-[n-I-fpsS c≠p `mK-ßfpw \n¿h-N-\-Øn\p tbmPn-°p∂ hn[-Øn-ep≈

]q¿Æ-amb Hcp \memw-Xcw tkm]m-[nI hmNIw C√ F∂p Xs∂ ]d-bmw. `mKn-I-amb \memw

Xc-Øns‚ Hcp DZm-l-cWw 1 ]s{Xm. 3:14 s‚ {]mcw- - mK-am-Wv. kam-]-\- m-KsØ mKnI \memwXcw

tkm]m-[nI hmNIw {]hr. 8:31 epw ImWmw.

VIII. \ntcm-[-\-ßƒ

A. an (mh) LSIw tN¿∂ h¿Ø-am-\-Ime Iev]\ ]e-t∏mgpw \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Hcp {]hrØn

\n¿ØpI F∂ Du∂¬ \evIp-∂-h-bm-Wv. Nne DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ: ""`qan-bn¬ \nßƒ \nt£]w

kzcq-]n-°-cpXv (kz-cq-]n-°p-∂Xp \n¿Øp-I)'' (a-Øm. 6:19); ""hnNm-c-s∏-S-cpXv (hn-Nm-c-s∏-Sp-∂Xv

\n¿ØpI)'' (a-Øm. 6:25); ""\nß-fpsS Ah-b-h-ßsf A\o-Xn-bpsS Bbp-[-ß-fmbn ]m]-Øn\p

ka¿∏n-°-cpXv (k-a¿∏n-°p-∂Xv \n¿Øp-I)'' (tdm-a. 6:13); ""ssZh-Øns‚ ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns\ ZpxJn-

∏n-°-cpXv (Zpx-Jn-∏n-°p-∂Xv \n¿Øp-I)'' (F-s^. 4:30); ""ho™p IpSn®p aØ-cm-I-cpXv (a-Ø-cm-Ip-

∂Xv \n¿Øp-I)'' (F-s^. 5:18).

B. an (mh) LSIw tN¿∂ qX-Ime A\p-_-‘-Øn\v Hcp {]hrØn ""XpS-ßp-I-t]mepw AcpXv AYhm

Bcw-`n-°cpXv'' F∂ Du∂-em-Wp-≈-Xv. Nne DZm-l-c-W-ß-ƒ: ""F∂p \ncq]o-I-cn-°-cpXv (\n-cq-]n-

°m≥ Bcw-`n-°-t]mepw Acp-Xv)'' (a-Øm. 5:17); ""\nßƒ hnNm-c-s∏-S-cpXv (hn-Nm-c-s∏-Sm≥ Bcw-`n-

°t]mepa-cp-Xv)'' (a-Øm. 6:31); ""e÷n-°msX (\o Hcn-°epw e÷n-°-cp-Xv)'' (2 Xnsam. 1:18).

C. A\p-_‘ {Inbm-cq]w tN¿∂ Cc´ \ntj[w, hfsc i‡-amb \ntj-[-am-Wv. ""C√ Hcn-°-ep-

322

an√'' As√-¶n¬ ""Hcp kml-N-cy-Ønepw C√.'' Nne- D-ZmlcW-ßƒ: ""Hcp-\mfpw acWw ImÏ-

bn√ (A-h≥ Hcp-\mfpw, Hcp-\mfpw acWw ImÏ-bn-√)'' (tbm-l. 8:15); ""Rm≥ Hcp-\mfpw (Rm≥

Hcp-\mfpw C√, C√ Hcp-\m-fp-an-√)'' (1 sImcn. 8:13).

IX. hnth-N-I-t`-ZIw (Article)

A. sImbvt\ {Ko°n¬ “the” F∂ definite article \v Cw•o-jn-te-Xn\p kam-\-amb D]-tbm-K-am-Wp-≈-

Xv. Hcp ssINq≠n-bpsS ASn-ÿm\ [¿Ω-am-Wn-Xn-\p-≈Xv: Hcp hm°v, \maw, AYhm {]tbmKw

F∂n-h-bn-te°v {i≤ £Wn-°p-I. ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ Hmtcm Fgp-Øp-Im-c\pw hyXykvX \ne-I-

fn-em-Wn-Xp-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. Definite article Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ coXn-bnepw {]h¿Øn-°pw.

1. kqNI k¿Δ-\maw t]mse Xmc-X-ay-Øn-\p≈ D]m-[n-bmbn

2. apºv ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Ønb I¿Ømhv AYhm hy‡nsb kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ AS-bm-f-ambn

3. _‘-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ {Inb D]-tbm-Kn®v Hcp hmN-I-Ønse I¿Øm-hns\ Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn-\p≈

am¿§-am-bn. DZm. ""ssZhw Bflm-hm-Ip∂p'' (tbm-l. 4:24); ""ssZhw shfn-®-am-Ip∂p'' (1 tbml.

1:5); ""ssZhw kvt\lw Xs∂'' (4:18,16).

B. Cw•o-jnse “a” “an” F∂-Xn\p kam-\-ambn sImbvt\ {Ko°n¬ indefinite article C√. Definitearticle s‚ A`mhw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv

1. H∂ns‚ khn-ti-jX AYhm KpW-Øn¬ {i≤bq∂p-∂p

2. H∂ns‚ hn`m-K-Øn¬ {i≤-bq-∂p-∂p

C. hnth-NI t`ZIw D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ Imcy-Øn¬ ]pXnb \nba Fgp-Øp-Im¿ hn`n-∂-cm-Wv.

X. {Ko°p ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ Du∂¬ \evIp∂Xn\p-]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂ am¿§-ßƒ

A. ]pXnb \nb-a-Øn¬ Du∂¬ \¬Ip-∂--Xn-\p-]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂ sSIv\n-°p-Iƒ°v Fgp-Øp-Im¿°-

\p-k-cn®v hyXym-k-ap-≠v. G‰hpw ÿnc-X-bp-≈Xpw Hu]-Nm-cn-I-hp-amb Fgp-Øp-Im¿ eqs°mkpw

F{_m-b-te-J-\-Im-c-\pamWv.

B. `qX-Ime I¿Øcn kqN-I-amWv Du∂-en-\p≈ km[m-cWw coXnsb∂pw at‰-sXmcp Imehpw {]tbm-

Khpw {Inbm-cq-]hpw hymJym\ {]m[m-\y-ap-≈-Xm-sW∂pw \mw apºp ]d-™n-cp∂p. CXn-\¿∞w

`qX-Ime I¿Øcn kqNIw kp{]-[m\ hymI-cW A¿∞-Øn¬ IqsS-°qsS D]-tbm-Kn-®n-ń√ F∂-

√ (-D-Zm. tdma. 6:10 [2 {]mhiyw]).

C. sImbvt\ {Ko°nse ]Z-{Iaw

1. Cw•o-jn-s\-t∏mse hm°p-I-fpsS {Ia-Øn¬ B{i-bn-°m≥ Ign-bmØ Hcp h{I-`m-j-bmWv

sImbvt\ {Ko°v. AXn-\m¬ Fgp-Øp-Im-c\v {]Xo-£n-°p∂ km[m-cW ]Z-{I-a-sØ am‰m≥

Ignbpw. CXv sNøp-∂-Xv

a. hmb-\-°m-cs‚ apºn-¬ Xm≥ Du∂¬ \¬Im≥ Dt±-in-°p-∂-sX-¥m-sW∂p Fgp-Øp-Im-

c\v shfn-s∏-Sp-Øm≥

b. hmb-\-°m-cs\ hnkva-bn-∏n-°p-sa∂p Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥ Nn¥n-°p-∂-sX-¥m-sW∂p shfn-s∏-

Sp-Øm≥

c. FgpØp-Im-cs\ Bg-ambn kv]¿in-®-sX-s¥∂p shfn-s∏-Sp-Øm≥

2. {Ko°nse km[m-cW ]Z-{Iaw Ct∏mgpw ]cn-l-cn-°mØ hnj-b-am-Wv. F∂n-cp-∂mepw {]Xo-

£n-°mhp∂ ]Z-{I-aw:

a. _‘n-∏n-°p∂ {Inb-Iƒ°v

(1) {Inb

(2) I¿Ømhv

(3) ]qcIw

b. kI¿ΩI {Inb-Iƒ°v

(1) {Inb

(2) I¿Ømhv

(3) I¿Ωw

(4) ]tcm£ I¿Ωw

(5) D]-k¿KI {]tbmKw

c. \ma {]tbm-K-ßƒ°v

(1) \maw

(2) Ae-¶m-cw

(3) D]-k¿KI {]tbmKw

323

3. ]Z-{Iaw AXn-{][m\ hymJym\ hnj-b-am-Imw. DZmlc-W-Øn\v

a. ""Ah¿ F\n°pw _¿∂-_m-kn\pw Iq -bva-bpsS hew-Icw X∂p'' (h-ew-Icw Ah¿ F\n°pw

_¿∂-_m-kn\pw X∂p, Iq´m-bva-bpsS ""Iq´m-bva-bpsS he-¶cw'' F∂ {]tbmKw AXns‚

{][m\yw ImWn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn hn`-Pn®p (K-em. 2:9).

b. ""{InkvXp-hn-t\m-Sp-IqsS'' BZyw sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂p. Ahs‚ acWw a[y-Øn-embn (K-em.

2:20).

c. ""`mKw-`m-K-ambpw hnhn[-ambpw'' (F{_m. 1:11) F∂Xv BZyw sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p. Aß-s\-

bmWp ssZhw Xs∂-Øm≥ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv, AXp Xmc-X-ay-s∏-SpØnbncn-°p-∂p F∂

√msX AXp shfn-∏m-Sns‚ hkvXp-X-b-√.

D. km[m-c-W-bmbn Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ coXn-bn¬ Hc-fhp hsc Du∂¬ km[y-am-Wv:

1. {Inb-bpsS h{I-cq-]-Øn¬ CXn-t\m-SIw Xs∂ Dƒs∏-ń-´p≈ k¿Δ-\m-a-Øn-s‚- B-h¿Ø\-

Øn-eqsS. DZm. ""Rm≥, Rm≥ Xt∂, ... \nß-tfm-Sp-IqsS D≠v'' (a-Øm. 28:20)

2. {]Xo-£n-°p∂ kap-®b ]Z-Øns‚ As√-¶n¬ hm°p-Iƒ, {]tbm-K-ßƒ, D]-hm-Iy-ßƒ AYhm

hmN-I-ßƒ F∂n-h-bv°n-S-bn-ep≈ a‰p kwtbm-P-I-ß-fpsS A`m-h-Øn-eqsS. CXns\ asyndeton("A-Xn-cn√') F∂p hnfn°p∂p. kwtbm-PI hkvXp {]Xo-£n-°p-∂n-SØv AXns‚ A`mhw

{i≤-bm-I¿jn-°p-∂p. DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ:

a. `mKy-h¿Æ-\-Iƒ, aØm. 5:3 ¬ (]-ń-Ibv°v Du∂¬)

b. tbml. 14:1 (]p-Xn-b- hnjbw)

c. tdma¿ 9:1 (]p-Xn-b- `mKw)

d. 2 sImcn. 12:20 (]-ń-Ibv°v Du∂¬)

3. \evI-s∏´ kμ¿`-Øn-eqsS hm°pI-fp-sStbm {]tbm-K-ß-fp-sStbm Bh¿Ø-\w. DZm. ""Xs‚

Ir]m al-Xz-Øns‚ ]pI-gvN-bv°mbn'' (F-s^. 1:6, 12&14). {XnXz-Ønse Hmtcm Bf-Xz-ß-fp-

sSbpw {]hrØn shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂n\p Cu {]tbmKw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

4. ]Z-ßƒ°n-S-bn-ep≈ ssien AYhm Zzbm¿∞ {]tbmKw (i-_vZw)

a. arZp‡n (euphemisms) hne-°-s∏´ hnj-b-ßƒ°v ]Icw ]Z-ßƒ DZm. ac-W-Øn\p ""\n{Z''

(tbm-l. 11:11˛14) As√-¶n¬ ]pcp-js‚ Ac-s°-ń\v ""Im¬'' (cqØv 3:7˛8; 1 iaq. 24:3)

b. ht{Im‡n (circumlocutions) ˛ ssZhnI \ma-Øn\v ]Icw ]Z-ßƒ, AXm. ""kz¿§-cmPyw''

(a-Øm. 3:21) As√-¶n¬ ""kz¿§-Øn¬ \ns∂mcp i_vZw'' (a-Øm. 3:17).

c. hmIym-e-¶mcw (fingurs of speech)(1) Akm≤y AXn-itbm‡n (a-Øm. 3:9; 5:29˛39; 19:24)

(2) eLp-hmb AXyp‡n (a-Øm. 3:5; {]hr. 2:36)

(3) a\p-jy-cq]m-tcm-]Ww (1 sImcn. 15:55)

(4) sshcp≤yw (K-em. 5:12)

(5) Imhy-`m-K-ßƒ (^n-en. 2:6˛-11)

(6) hm°p-Iƒ XΩn-ep≈ D®m-cW hyXymkw

(a) ""k`''

(i) ""k`'' (F-s^. 3:21)

(ii) ""hnfn'' (F-s^. 4:1,4)

(iii) ""hnfn-°-s∏´'' (F-s^. 4:1,4)

(b) ""kzX{¥''

(i) ""kzX{¥ kv{Xo'' (K-em. 4:31)

(ii) ""kzmX{¥yw'' (K-em. 5:1)

(iii) ""kzX{¥'' (K-em. 5:1)

d. ""`mjm ssien ˛ kwkv°m-c-Øn\pw `mjbv°pw X\-Xm-bp-≈-h

(1) ""`£W''Øns‚ Be-¶n-cI {]tbm-Kw (tbm-l. 4:31˛34)

(2) ""Be-b-''Øns‚ Be-¶m-cnI {]tbmKw (tbm-l. 2:19; aØm. 26:61)

(3) klm-\p-`q-Xn-bpsS F{_m-b-ssien ""A\n-„w'' (Dev]. 29:31; Bh. 21:5; eqs°m. 14:36;

tbml. 12:25; tdma. 9:31).

(4) ""F√m-hcpw'' hn]-coXw ""]e¿.'' sbi. 53:6 (F-√m-h-cpw) 53:11 (]-e¿) F∂-Xp-ambn

Xmc-X-ay-s∏-Sp-Øp-I. tdma. 5:18,19 ImWn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse Ch ]cym-b-]-Z-ß-fm-Wv.

5. Hcp ]Z-Øn\p ]Icw Hcp ]q¿Æ `mjm-{]-tbm-K-Øns‚ D]-tbmKw. DZm. ""I¿Øm-hmb tbip-

{InkvXp''

6. Hut´mkv (autoj) s‚ {]tXyI D]-tbmKw

a. hnth-N-I-t`-ZIw H∏w hcp-tºmƒ AXv ""same'' F∂p ]cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Ømw

324

b. hnth-NI t`ZIw C√msX AXv Reflective pronoun BIpw. “himself” “herself”D. {Ko°v hmbn-°m≥ Ign-bmØ ss__nƒ hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v Du∂¬ hnhn[ \ne-I-fn¬ {Kln-°mw

1. Hcp A\-e-‰n-°¬ seIvkn-°¨ As√-¶n¬ C‚¿eo-\n-b¿ {Ko°v/Cw•ojv ss__nƒ

2. Cw•ojv ]cn-`m-j-I-fpsS Xmc-X-ayw. DZm. ]Zm-\p-]Z X¿÷-a-Isf (KJV, NKJV, ASV, NASB,RSV, NRSV) ""ssU\m-anIv CIz-e‚ v'' (B-i-b-]-c-amb X¿÷-a) ambn (Williams, NIV, NEB,REB, JB, NJB, TEV) Xmc-X-ay-s∏-Sp-Øp-I. t_°¿ {]kn-≤o-I-cn® Z ss__nƒ C≥ Sz‚n

knIvkv {Sm≥kvtej≥kv klm-b-I-c-am-Wv.

3. tPmk^v {_b‚ v tdmY¿lm-ans‚ Z Fw^-sskkvUv ss__nƒ

4. B£cnI hymJym-\-Øns‚ D]-tbmKw

a. The American Standard Version of 1901b. Young’s Literal Translation of the Bible by Robert Young (Guardian Press, 1976)

{Kma¿ ]T\w apjn-∏\pw {ia-I-c-hp-am-sW-¶nepw icn-bmb hymJym-\-Øn\v A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. Cu lrkz

\n¿Δ-N-\-ß-fpw A`n-{]m-b-ßfpw DZmlc-W-ßfpw {Ko°p hmbn-°mØ hy‡n-Iƒ°v Cu hmey--Øn¬ sImSp-

Øn-cn-°p∂ hymI-cW°pdn∏pIƒ a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn\v klm-b-sa∂ \ne-bn-emWv tN¿Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Xo¿®-

bmbpw Cu \n¿Δ-N-\-ßƒ AXoh efn-X-am-Wv. Ahsb Hcn-°epw ISpw-]n-Sp-Ø-amb, hg-°-an-√mØ \ne-

bn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°-cp-Xv, adn®v ]pXn-b-\n-ba ]Z-hy-Xym-k-ßƒ IqSp-X¬ a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Hcp Nhn-´p-

]Sn am{X-am-W-Xv. ]pXn-b- \n-b-a-Øns‚ kmt¶-XnI hymJym-\-ßƒ t]mse-bp≈ ]T-\-k-lm-bn-I-fnse

hniZoIc-W-ßƒ a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn\pw Cu \n¿Δ-N-\-ßƒ hmb\-°msc klm-bn-°p-sa∂p- Bin°p∂p.

thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ \evI-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂ hnh-c-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWp \ΩpsS hymJym\w F∂p

hne-bn-cp-Øm≥ \ap°v Ign-b-Ww. CØcw Imcy-ß-fn¬ G‰hpw klm-b-I-c-ambXmWv hymI-c-Ww. a‰p

Imcy-ßƒ Ncn{X ]›m-Ø-ew, kmlnXy kml-N-cyw, ka-Im-enI ]Z-{]-tbm-Kw, kam-¥c thZ-`m-K-ßƒ

F∂n-h-bm-Wv.

325

A\p-_‘w c≠v

]mT \ncq-]Ww (Textual Criticism)

Cu hm-Iy-Øn¬ ImWp∂ thZ-`mK hni-Zo-I-c-W-ßsf hni-Zo-I-cn-°p∂ \ne-bn-emWv Cu hnjbw

ChnsS ssIImcyw sNøp-∂-Xv. AXn-\mbn Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ cq]-tcJ D]-tbm-Kn°mw.

I. Cw•ojv ss__n-fns‚ ]mT t{kmX- p-Iƒ

A. ]g-b-\n-baw

B. ]pXn-b-\n-baw

II. ""]mT-\n-cq-]Ww'' AYhm ""lower criticism'' Øns‚ {]iv\-ß-fp-sSbpw kn≤m-¥-ß-fp-sSbpw lrkz

hni-Zo-I-c-Ww

III. IqSpX¬ hmb-\-bv°p≈ ]T-\-k-lm-bn-Iƒ

I. Cw•ojv ss__n-fns‚ t{kmX- p-Iƒ

A. ]g-b-\n-baw

1. atkmsd‰nIv ]Xn∏v (MT) ˛ F{_mb hyRvP-\m-£c ]Xn∏v. F.-Un. 100 ¬ d∫n AIzn_m

BWv {Iao-I-cn-®-Xv. kzcm-£-c-ßƒ, D®m-c-Wßƒ, am¿Pn≥ Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ, Nn”ßƒ F∂nh

F.-Un. 6˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬ Iq´n-t®¿°p-hm\m-cw- n-°pIbpw HºXmw \q‰m-≠n¬ ]q¿Øn-bm°pIbpw

sNbvXp. atkm-sd-‰p-Iƒ F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ sblqZ ]WvUnX IpSpw-_-am-WXp \n¿Δ-ln-®-Xv.

Ah¿ D]-tbm-Kn® ]mT cq]w anjv\m, X¬aqZv, X¿Kpw, s]jo-Ø, hƒtK‰v F∂n-h-bn-ep-≠m-

bn-cp-∂h Xs∂-bm-Wv.

2. sk]v‰z-Pn‚ v (LXX) ˛ tSmfan c≠m-a≥ (285˛246 _n.-kn.) cmPm-hns‚ klm-b-tØmsS Ae-

Ivkm-{≠nb sse{_-dn-°p-th≠n Fgp-]Xv sblq-Z -]-WvUn-X-∑m¿ 70 Znhkw sIm≠p Xøm-dm-

°n-b-XmWv sk]v‰z-Pn‚ v F∂v ]mc-ºcyw ]d-bp-∂p. Ae-Ivkm-{≠n-b-bn¬ ]m¿Øncp∂ Hcp

sblqZm t\Xm-hns‚ At]£{]Im-c-am-bn-cp∂p CXv. ""Acn-Ãn-bm-kns‚ teJ\''Øn¬

\n∂mWv Cu ]mc-ºcyw h∂n-´p-≈-Xv. ""sk]v‰z-Pn‚ v'' an°-t∏mgpw d∫n AIzn-_mbpsS (MT)

]Xn-∏n¬ \n∂pw hyXy-kvX-amb F{_mb ]mTw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-≠v.

3. Nmhp-I-S¬ Npcp-fp-Iƒ (DSS) tdma≥ _n.-kn. Ime-L-´-Øn¬ (_n.-kn. 200˛F.-Un. 70) ""Ft -

\y¿'' F∂-dn-b-s∏-´n-cp∂ sblqZ th¿]mSp kaq-l-amWv Nmhp-I-S-¬ Npcp-fp-Iƒ Fgp-Xn-b-Xv.

Nmhp-I-S-en\p Np‰p-ap≈ \nc-h[n ÿe-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw e`n-®n-´p≈ F{_mb Isø-gpØp {]Xn-

Iƒ atkm-sd-‰nIv ]Xn-∏n¬ \n∂pw sk]v‰z-Pn‚n¬ \n∂pw hyXy-kvX-amb F{_mb ]Xn∏v

IpSpw-_-Øn¬ s]´-h-bm-Wv.

4. Cu ]Xn-∏p-I-fpsS Xmc-Xayw Fß-s\-bmWv ]g-b-\n-b-aw a\- n-em-°m≥ hymJym-Xm-°sf

klm-bn-°p-∂Xv F∂-Xn\v Nne DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ.

a. MT a\- n-em-°m≥ ]cn-`m-j-I-scbpw ]WvUn-X-∑m-scbpw LXX klm-bn-®n-´p-≠v.

(1) sbi. 52:14 LXX ¬ ""At\-cpw Ahs\ I≠v A¤p-X-s∏Spw''

(2) sbi. 52:14 MT ¬ ""At\-Icpw \n∂n¬ A¤p-X-s∏´p''

(3) sbi. 52:15 ¬ LXX se k¿Δ-\ma hyXymkw ÿnco-I-cn-°p-∂p

(a) LXX ""Aßs\ At\-I-Pm-Xn-Ifpw Ahs\ I≠v A¤p-X-s∏´p''

(b) MT ""Ah≥ ]e -Pm-Xn-I-sfbpw IpXn®p NmSp-am-dm°pw''

b. MT a\- n-em-°m≥ ]cn-`m-j-I-scbpw ]WvUn-X-∑m-scbpw DSS klm-bn-®n-´p-≠v

(1) sbi. 21:8 DSS ¬ ""Z¿i-I≥ \ne-hn-fn®p, Hcp Imh¬ tKm]p-c-Øn¬ Rm≥ \nev°p-

∂p...''

(2) sbi. 21:8 MT ¬ ""Rm≥ knwlw t]mse Ae-dn, I¿Ømth, Rm≥ ]I¬ CS-hn-

SmsX Imh¬tKm]p-c-Øn¬ \nev°p∂p''

c. sbi. 53:11 a\- n-em-°m≥ LXX Dw DSS Dw klm-bn-®n-´p-≠v

(1) LXX & DSS ""Ahs‚ Bflm-hns‚ {]k-h-th-Z\bv°p tijw Ah≥ shfn®w ImWpw,

Ah≥ Xr]vX-\mIpw''

(2) MT ""Ah≥ ImWpw... Ahs‚ Bflm-hns‚ {]k-h-th-Z-\-bn¬ \n∂p Ah-≥ Xr]vX-

\mIpw''

B. ]pXnb \nbaw

1. ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øns‚ 5300 e[nIw ]q¿Æ-amtbm `mKn-I-amtbm D≈ Isø-gpØp {]Xn-Iƒ

e`yamWv. GXm≠v 85 FÆw ]m∏n-d-kn¬ Fgp-X-s∏-´-hbpw 268 FÆw henb£c-Øn¬

(uncials) Fgp-X-s∏-´-h-bp-am-Wv. ]nev°m-eØv F.-Un. 9˛mw \q‰m-t≠m-Sp-IqSn sNdn-b-£cw (mi-nuscule) cq]-s∏-´p. hs´gp-Øp-cq-]-Øn-ep≈ {Ko°p Isø-gpØp {]Xn-I-fpsS FÆw GXm≠v

326

2700 hcpw. e£-W-dn-Iƒ F∂p \mw hnfn-°p∂, Bcm-[-\-bn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ thZ-`m-K-ß-

fpsS ]ńI tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ønb 2100 tIm∏n-Iƒ e`y-am-Wv.

2. ]pXn-b- \n-b-a-Øns‚ `mK-ß-f-S-ßnb ]m∏n-d-kn¬ Fgp-Xnb 85 {Ko°p Isø-gpØp {]Xn-Iƒ

ayqkn-b-ß-fn-ep-≠v. NneXv F.-Un. c≠mw \q‰m-≠n¬ Fgp-X-s∏-´-h-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ IqSp-X¬

FÆhpw F.-Un. 3˛4 \q‰m-≠p-I-fn-te-Xm-Wv. Ch-bn-sem∂pw ]pXnb \nbaw ]q¿Æ-am-bn-ń-√.

Ch ]pXnb \nb-a-Øns‚ BcwÌme Isø-gpØp {]Xn-I-fm-b-Xp-sIm≠v Ah-bn¬ hfsc

°pd®v hyXym-k-ßsf D≈q F∂¿∞-an-√. Ch-bn¬ ]eXpw {]mtZ-inI D]-tbm-K-Øn-\p-th≠n

Xnc-°n´p ]I¿Øn-b-h-bm-Wv. Cu {]{In-b-bn¬ th≠{X ap≥I-cp-X-se-Sp-Øn-ń-√. AXn-\m¬

Ah-bn¬ [mcmfw hyXym-k-ß-fp-≠v.

3. F{_mb A£cw a (Bte-^v) D]-tbm-Kn®v kqNn-∏n-°p∂ AYhm (01) tImUIvkv ssk\-bn-

‰n-°kv ko\mbn ]¿Δ-X-Ønse sk‚ v ImX-dn≥ B{i-a-Øn¬ \n∂pw ‰nj≥tUm¿^v Is≠-

Sp-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. 4˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬ Fgp-X-s∏´ AXn¬ ]g-b-\n-b-a-Øns‚ sk]v‰z-Pn‚ v ]Xn∏pw

{Ko°p ]pXn-b-\n-b-ahpw AS-ßn-bn-´p-≠v. AXv ""Ae-Ivkm-{≠n-b≥ ]Xn∏v'' C\-Øn¬ s]´-Xm-

Wv.

4. tImUIvkv Ae-Ivkm-{≠n-\kv ˛ ""A'' AYhm (02) F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂p ˛ CuPn-]v‰nse Ae-

Ivkm-{≠n-b-bn¬ \n∂p Is≠-Sp-°-s∏´ A©mw \q‰m-≠n¬ Fgp-X-s∏´ {Ko°p Isø-gpØp

{]Xn-bm-WXv.

5. tImUIvkv hØn-°m\kv ""B'' AYhm (03) F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂p tdmanse hØn-°m≥ sse{_-

dn-bn¬ \n∂p Is≠-Sp-°-s∏-´Xpw F.-Un. 4˛mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ a[y-Øn¬ Fgp-X-s∏-´-Xp-amWv.

CXn¬ ]g-b-\n-b-a-Øns‚ sk]v‰z-Pn‚ v ]Xn∏pw {Ko°v ]pXn-b-\n-b-ahpw AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

CXpw ""Ae-Ivkm-{≠n-b≥'' C\-Øn¬ s]´-Xm-Wv.

6. tImUIvkv F{^-sb-an ˛ ""C'' AYhm (04) F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂p ˛ A©mw \q‰m-≠nse {Ko°p

Isø-gpØp {]Xn-bm-Wv. CXns‚ ]mXn \in-®p-t]m-bn.

7. tImUIvkv s_sk ˛ ""D'' AYhm (05) ˛ A©v AYhm Bdmw \q‰m-≠nse {Ko°v Isø-

gpØp {]Xn-bm-Wv. ""]m›mXy ]Xn∏v'' F∂p hnfn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h-bpsS apJy {]Xn-\n-[n-bm-Wn-Xv.

CXn¬ hf-sc-b-[nIw Iqń-t®¿°ep-Iƒ D≠v; InwKv sPbnwkv ]cn-`mjbn¬ {][m-\-ambpw

D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn°p∂Xv CXm-Wv.

8. ]p.-\n. Isø-gp-Øp-{]-Xn-Isf Nne {]tXyI khn-ti-j-X-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ aq∂v As√-

¶n¬ \mev IpSpw-_-ß-fmbn hn`-Pn-°m≥ Ign-bpw.

a. CuPn-]v‰n¬ \n∂p≈ Ae-Ivkm-{≠n-b≥ ]Xn∏v

(1) P75, P66 (G-Xm≠v F.-Un. 200), kphn-ti-j-ßƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂p

(2) P46 (G-Xm≠v F.-Un. 225), ]usem-kns‚ teJ-\-ßƒ

(3) P72 (G-Xm≠v F.-Un. 225˛250) ]s{Xm-kns‚bpw bqZmbpsSbpw teJ-\-ßƒ

(4) tImUIvkv B, ˛ hØn-°m-\kv ˛ (G-Xm≠v F.-Un. 325) ]g-b-\n-b-ahpw ]pXn-b-\n-b-

ahpw

(5) Cu ]mT-cq-]-Øn¬ \n∂p Hdn-K¨ D≤-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

(6) Cu _‘-Øn¬ s]´ Isø-gpØp {]Xn-Iƒ a, C, L, W, 33b. DØ-cm-{^n-°-bn¬ \n∂p≈ ]m›mXy ]Xn∏v

(1) DØ-cm-{^n-°≥ k`m-]n-Xm-°-∑m¿, sX¿Øp-ey¿, ssk{]n-b≥ F∂n-h-cpsS D≤-c-Wn-

Iƒ, ]gb em‰n≥ ]cn-`mj

(2) sFtd-\n-b-kns‚ D≤-c-Wn-I-ƒ

(3) ‰mjys‚ D≤-c-Wn-Iƒ, ]gb kndn-bIv ]cn-`mj

(4) tImUIvkv D ""_sk'' Cu C\-Øn¬ s]´-XmWv

c. tIm¨Ãm‚nt\m∏n-fn¬ \n∂p≈ ]uckvXy ss_km‚n-b≥ ]Xn∏v

(1) 5300 Isø-gpØp {]Xn-I-fn¬ 80% epw Cu ]mTcq]w {]Xn-^-en°p-∂p

(2) kndn-b-bnse At¥ym-°≥ k`m-]n-Xm-°-∑m¿, I∏-tZm-Iy≥ ]nXm-°-∑m¿, {Intkm-Ãw,

Xntbm-tUm-d‰v F∂n-h¿ D≤-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

(3) tImUIvkv A, kphn-ti-j-ß-fn¬ am{Xw

(4) tImUIvkv E (8-˛mw \q‰m-≠v) ]pXnb \nbaw apgp-h\pw

d. km≤y-X-bp≈ \mem-asØ C\w ]e-kvXo-\n¬ \n∂p≈ ""ssIk-cy≥'' BWv

(1) CXv {]mY-an-I-ambn a¿s°mkn¬ am{Xw ImWp∂p

(2) CXns‚ Nne km£y-ßƒ P45,W F∂n-h-bm-Wv

II. ""temh¿ {Inń-knkw'' AYhm ]mT \ncq-]-W-Øns‚ {]iv\-ßfpw kn≤m-¥-ßfpw

A. Fß-s\-bmWv hyXym-k-ßƒ kw`-hn-®-Xv

327

1. a\-]q¿Δ-a-√mØ AYhm bmZr-›n-I-amb (Iq-Sp-X¬ hyXym-k-ßfpw Cßs\ kw`-hn-®-h-bm-

Wv)

a. ssIs°m≠p ]I¿Øp-tºm-ƒ kam\ ]Z-ß-ƒ Bh¿Øn-°p-∂n-SØv c≠m-asØ ]Z-Øn¬

IÆv ]Xn®v CS-bn-ep≈ hm-°p-Iƒ Adn-bmsX hn´p-t]m-Ip-∂Xv (homoioteleuton)(1) Cc´ A£-c-ap≈ ]Zw As√-¶n¬ {]tbmKw Hgn-hm-°-Ø-°-hÆw IÆp ]ng-bv°p-

∂Xv (haplography)(2) {Ko°p ]mT-Ønse Hcp {]tbmKw AYhm hcn Bh¿Øn°pw hn[w a\ v ]ng-bv°p-

∂Xv (dittography)b. tIs´-gp-Xp∂ ka-bØv A£cw sX‰p-∂ -hn[w sNhn ]ng-bv°p-∂Xv (itacism). {Ko°n¬

sX‰mb kvs]√nwKv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv kam\ D®-c-W-ap≈ as‰mcp hm°m-Wv

c. ]pcm-X\ {Ko°p ]T-\-Øn¬ A≤ymb hmIy hn`-P\ßtfm; Nn”-ß-tfm, hm°p-Iƒ

X∂n¬ hn`-P-\-ßtfm C√m-bn-cp-∂p. hyXykvX ÿe-ß-fn¬ hyXykvX ]Z-ßƒ Df-hm-c-

Ip-amdv A£-c-ßƒ hn`-Pn-°m≥ km[y-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

2. a\∏q¿Δ-ap-≈h

a. ]I¿Øp∂ ]mT-Øns‚ hymI-cW cq]w sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-\mbn ]mT-ßfn¬ am‰-ß-ƒ hcp-

Øp∂Xv

b. a‰p thZ-`m-K-ß-fp-ambn s]mcp-Ø-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\mbn ]mT-Øn¬ am‰-ßƒ hcp-Øp-∂Xv

(k-am-¥-c-ß-fpsS s]mcp-Ø-s∏-Sp-Ø¬)

c. ct≠m AXn-e-[n-Itam hyXy-kvX-`m-K-ßsf Hscm‰ ssZ¿Ly-ap≈ kwbp‡ ]mT-am-°n-

s°m≠p am‰-ßƒ hcp-Øp-∂Xv (conflation)d. ]mT-Ønse Hcp {]iv\w ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn am‰-ßƒ hcp-Øp-∂Xv (H.-t\m. 1 sImcn.

11:27; 1 tbml. 5:7˛8).

e. ]mT-Øns‚ Ncn{X ]›m-Øew AYhm icn-bmb hymJym\w kw_-‘n®v IqSp-X¬ hnh-

c-ßƒ Hsc-gp-Øp-Im-c≥ am¿÷n-\n¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw c≠mw ]I¿s∏-gp-Øp-Im-c≥

Ahsb ]mT-`m-K-Øp-Xs∂ tN¿°p-Ibpw sNøp∂Xv (H.-t\m. tbml. 5:4)

B. ]mT \ncq-]-W-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\ {]am-W-ßƒ (hy-Xym-k-ßƒ \ne\nev°p∂n-SØv Hcp mK-Øns‚

aqe-]mTw \n¿Æ-bn-°p∂Xn\p≈ bp‡n-]-c-amb am¿§-tc-J-Iƒ)

1. G‰hpw hnNn-{Xhpw As√-¶n¬ hymI-c-W-]-c-ambn Akm-[m-c-W-hp-amb ]mT`m-K-amWv aqe-{K-

Ÿ-Øn-te-Xv

2. G‰hpw lrkz-amb ]mT-`m-K-amWv aqe-Ir-Xn

3. ]pcm-X\ ]mT-`m-K-Øn-\v, AXns‚ aqe-{K-Ÿ-tØm-Sp≈ Ncn-{X-]-camb ASp∏w \nanØw IqSp-

X¬ ap≥Xq°w sImSp-°p-∂p, _m°nbp≈h-sb√mw Xpey-am-bn-cn-°pw

4. `qan-im-kv{X-]-c-ambn hyXy-kvX-X-I-fp≈ Isø-gpØp {]Xn-I-fn-em-bn-cn°pw km[m-c-W-bmbn

aqe-]mTßfp≈Xv

5. D]-tZ-i-]-c-ambn _e-lo-\-amb ]mT-`m-K-ßƒ, {]tXy-In®v Isø-gp-Øp-{]-Xn-I-fnse hyXym-k-

Øns‚ Ime-L-´Øn¬ {][m\ ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-amb N¿®m hnj-b-ß-tfmSp _‘-s∏-´h ˛ 1

tbml. 5:7˛8 se {XnXzw t]msebp≈h ˛ Xncs™-Sp-°pI

6. a‰p hyXym-k-ß-fpsS D¤-hsØ \∂mbn hni-Zo-I-cn-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ ]mT-`mKw

7. Cu {]iv\- k-¶o¿Æ-amb hyXym-k-ß-fnse k¥p-e\w shfn-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ klm-bn-°p∂ c≠v

D≤-c-Wn-Iƒ

a. sP. lmtcmƒUv {Ko≥en-bpsS Introduction to New Testment Texural Criticism, p.68:""Hcp {InkvXob D]-tZ-ihpw X¿°-hn-jb-amb ]mT-`m-K-Øn-t∑¬ \ne-\n-ev°-bn√; Xs‚

]mT-`m-Kw ssZh\n-izm-kob aqe-sØ-°mƒ IqSp-X¬ bmYm-ÿn-Xn-I-am-bn-cn-°-W-sat∂m

D]-tZ-i-]cambn i‡-am-bn-cn-°-W-sat∂m D≈ B{K-l-Øn-s\-Xnsc ]pXnb \nba hnZym¿

∞n {i≤m-ep-hm-bn-cn-°Ww''

b. W. A. {Inkvsh¬, Z _n¿anwKmw \yqknse s{KKv Kmcn-k-tWmSv ss__n-fnse Hmtcm

hm°pw ssZh-\n-izm-ko-b-am-sW∂p Xm≥ hniz-kn-°p-∂n-s√∂p ]d-bp-I-bp-≠m-bn, ""Ipd-

™Xv \q‰m-≠p-I-fnse ]cn-`m-j-°m-cn-eqsS B[p-\nI s]mXp-P-\-Øn\p \evI-s∏´ Hmtcm

hm°p-Iƒ F¶nepw'' {Inkvsh¬ ]d™p; ""Rm≥ ]mT\n-cq-]-W-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-bm-

fm-Wv. AXp-t]mse, Rm≥ Nn¥n-°p-∂-Xv, a¿s°mkv kphn-ti-j-Øns‚ 16-˛mw A≤ym-b-

Øns‚ Ah-km-\ -]-IpXn Zpcp-]-tZ-i-am-sW-∂m-Wv. AXp ssZh-\n-izm-ko-b-a-√, AXp Iqń-

t®¿ØXm-Wv. B ]pcm-X\ Isø-gp-Øp-{]-Xn-Iƒ \nßƒ ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ a¿s°mkns‚

{KŸ-Øns‚ B D]-kw-lmsc t]mse-sbmcp km[\w ImWm≥ Ign-I-bn-√. Btcm AXp

Iqń-t®¿Ø-Xm-Wv.''

SBC -A-{]-am-Z-hm-Zn-I-fpsS Cu Xe-h≥ Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂Xv Iqń-t®¿°-ens‚ sXfnhv tbml.

328

5 se tbip _tYkvZm Ipf°-c-bn-se-Øp-∂-Xns‚ hnh-c-W-Øn¬ Zriy-am-sW-∂mWv.

IqSmsX bqZm-bpsS Bfl-l-Xy-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ c≠p hyXykvX hnh-cW-ßfpw At±lw

N¿® sNøp∂p (H.-t\m. aØm. 27; {]hr. 1). ""AXv Bfl-l-Xy-bpsS hyXykvX ho£-W-

ß-fmWv'' {Inkvsh¬ ]d™p; ""AXv ss__n-fn¬ D≈-Xm-sW-¶n¬ AXn-s\mcp hni-Zo-

I-cWw D≠m-bn-cn°pw. bqZm-bpsS Bfl-lXy kw_-‘n®v c≠p hnhcW-ßƒ ss__n-

fn-ep-≠v.'' ""]mT-\n-cq-]Ww AXn¬ Xs∂ AXn-i-b-I-c-amb imkv{X-am-Wv. AXv Aev]m-

bp- p-≈-X√; AXv A{]-k-‡-a-√.- AXv Ne-\m-fl-I i‡n-bp-≈Xpw tI{μ-hn-j-b-hp-am-

Wv...'' {Inkvsh¬ Iq´n-t®¿Øp.

III. Isø-gpØp {]Xn kw_-‘n® {]iv\-ßƒ (]mT \ncq-]-Ww)

A. IqSp-X¬ hmb-\bv°v

1. Biblical Criticism: Historical, Literary and Textual, by R.H. Harrison

2. The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration by Bruce M. Metzger

3. Introduction to New Testament Textual Criticism, by J. H Greenlee

329

A\p-_‘w aq∂v

]Z-kq-NnI

AtUm-]vj-\nkw (Z-sØ-Sp-Ø¬ hmZw). tbip-hns‚ ssZh-Xz-tØm-Sp≈ _‘w kw_-‘n-®p≈ Bcw-`-

Imb ho£-W-ß-fn¬ H∂m-Wn-Xv. tbip F√m-hn-[-Ønepw Hcp km[m-c-W -a-\p-jy-\m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw

ssZhw Ahs\ kv\m\-k-a-bØv (H.-t\m. aØm. 3:17; a¿s°m. 1:11) As√-¶n¬ Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂-ev]ns‚

ka-bØv (H.-t\m. tdma. 1:4) ZsØ-Sp-Øp-sh∂pw CXv hmZn-°p-∂p. tbip amXr-Im-]-c-amb PohnXw \bn-

®-Xn-\m¬ ssZhw Hcp {]tXyI L´-Øn¬ (kv\m-\w, Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂-ev]v) Ahs\ ""]p{X≥'' Bbn

ZsØ-SpØp (H.-t\m. tdma. 1:4; ^nen. 2:9). CXv BZna k`-bnsebpw F´mw \q‰m-≠n¬ Hcp \yq\-]-£-

Øns‚bpw ho£-W-am-bn-cp-∂p.- ssZhw a\p-jy-\m-Ip-∂-Xn\p ]Icw (PU-[m-cWw) a\p-jy≥ ssZh-am-

Ip-∂p.

]p{X\mw ssZhhpw, ]q¿Δm-kvXn-Iy-ap≈ ssZh-hp-amb tbip-hn\v Fßs\ amXr-Im- Po-hn-X-Øn\p

{]Xn-êw \evIm≥ Ignbpw F∂Xv hnh-cn-°pI {]bm-k-am-Wv. Ah≥ BZyta ssZh-am-sW-¶n¬

Ah-s\-ßs\ {]Xn-êw \evIm-\mhpw? Ah\v ]q¿Δm-kvXnIy ssZhnI alXzw Ds≠-¶n¬ Ahs\

IqSp-X¬ am\w AWn-bn-°m≥ Ign-bptam? \ap-°-Xp a\ nem°pI {]bm-k-am-sW-¶nepw tbip ]nXm-

hns‚ C„w ]q¿Æ-ambn \nh¿Øn-®-Xn-\m¬ ]nXmhv tbip-hns\ Hcp {]XyI \ne-bn¬ am\n-°p-I-bp-

≠m-bn.

Ae-Ivkm-{≠n-b≥ kv°qƒ. Cu thZ-]p-kvXI hymJym-\-coXn CuPn-]v‰nse Ae-Ivkm-{≠n-b-bn¬ F.-Un.

c≠mw \q‰m-≠n-emWv cq]w {]m]n-®-Xv. tπt‰m-bpsS A\p-bm-bn-cp∂ ntem-bpsS ASn-ÿm\ hymJym\

XXz-ßƒ BWXv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. AXns\ Be-¶m-cnI coXn F∂p hnfn-°m-dp-≠v. \ho-I-c-W-

Imew hsc AXn\p k`-bn¬ i‡-amb ÿm\-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Hmdn-KWpw AK-Ãn-\p-am-bn-cp∂p AXns‚

G‰hpw anI® h‡m-°ƒ. tambnkkv kn¬h-bpsS lmkv Z N¿®v ankvdUv Z ss__nƒ (Academic,1978) ImWp-I.

Ae-Ivkm-{≠n-\kv. CuPn-]v‰nse Ae-Ivkm-{≠n-bbn¬ \n∂p≈ A©mw \q‰m-≠nse Cu {Ko°p Isø-

gpØp {]Xn-bn¬ ]g-b-\n-b-ahpw At∏m-{In-^bpw ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øns‚ Gdn-b-`mKhpw AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-

∂p. kºq¿Æ {Ko°p ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øns‚ (a-Øm-bn, tbml-∂m≥, 2 sImcn-¥y¿ F∂n-h-bpsS Nne-`m-

K-ßƒ Hgn-sI) apJy km£n-I-fn¬ H∂m-Wn-Xv. ""A'' F∂p hnfn-°p∂ Cu Isø-gpØp {]Xnbpw ""B''

bpw (h-Øn-°m-\-kpw) Hcp `mKsØ kw_-‘n®v sFI-a-Xy-s∏-´m¬ an° ]WvUn-X-∑mcpw an° kμ¿`-

ß-fnepw AXns\ bYm¿∞-ambn AwKoIcn°m-dp-≠v.

A\-e-‰n-°¬ seIvkn-°¨. ]pXnb \nb-a-Ønse Hmtcm {Ko°p cq]hpw Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn-\p- k-lm-b-I-

amb ]T\ klm-bn-bm-Wn-Xv. {Ko°v A£-c-{I-a-a-\p-k-cn®v Nn´-s∏-Sp-Ønb CXn¬ ASn-ÿm\ \n¿ΔN-

\-ß-fp-ap-≠v. Hcp C‚¿eo-\n-b¿ ]cn-`m-j-tbmsSm∏w D]-tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒ CXv {Ko°v Adn-bmØ hnizm-

kn-Iƒ°pw ]pXn-b-\n-ba {Ko°ns‚ hymI-cW ]Z-hn-\ym-k-cq-]-ßƒ {Kln-°m≥ klm-b-I-c-am-Wv.

At¥ym-Iy≥ kv°qƒ. Cu thZ-]p-kvXI hymJym-\-am-XrI F.-Un. aq∂mw \q‰m-≠n¬ kndn-b-bnse At¥ym-

Iy-bn-emWv cq]w sIm≠-Xv. Ae-Ivkm-{≠n-b≥ amXr-I-bmb Be-¶m-cnI hymJym-\-tØm-Sp≈ {]Xn-I-

c-W-sa∂ \ne-bn-emWv cq]s∏-´Xv. ss__n-fns‚ Ncn-{X]c-amb A¿∞-Øn-ep≈ Du∂-em-Wn-Xns‚

ASn-ÿm\ {]amWam-Wv. AXv ss__n-fns\ km[m-cW \ne-bn¬ am\p-jnI kmlnXyw t]mse

hymJym-\n-°p-∂p. {InkvXp-hn\p c≠p {]Ir-Xn-I-fpt≠m (s\-tÃm-dn-b-\n-kw) AtXm Hcp {]Ir-Xnsb

Dt≈m (]q¿Æ ssZhhpw a\p-jy-\pw) F∂ hnhm-Z-Øn¬ Cu kv°qfpw Dƒs∏-ń-cp-∂p. tdma≥ ItØm-

en° k` CXns\ Zpcp-]-tZ-i-ambn ap{Z-Ip-Øp-Ibpw X∑qew t]¿jy-bn-te°v ]dn®p \S-s∏-Sp-Ibpw

sNbvXp F¶nepw CXn\v sNdnb {]m[m\yw am{Xta D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈q. CXns‚ ASn-ÿm\ hymJym\

{]am-W-ßƒ ]nev°m-eØv ¢m n-°¬ s{]m´-Ã‚ v \ho-I-c-W-°m-cpsS (eq-Y¿, Im¬hn≥) hymJym-\-

{]-am-Wß-fmbn amdn.

Acn-tÃm-ń¬. ]pcm-X\ {Koknse XXz-Nn-¥-I-∑m-cn¬ Hcm-fmb Acn-tÃm-ń¬, tπt‰m-bpsS injy\pw alm-

\mb Ae-Ivkm≠dns‚ Kpcp-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ kzm[o\w, C∂pw B[p-\nI hnZym-`ym-k-

Øns‚ hnhn[ taJ-e-I-fn¬ hym]n-®n-´p-≠v. \nco-£-W-Øn-eq-sSbpw h¿§o-I-c-W-Øn-eq-sS-bp-ap≈ Adn-

hns\ At±lw ka¿∞n-®p F∂-Xm-Wn-Xn\p Imc-Ww. imkv{Xob coXn-bpsS ASn-ÿm\ {]am-W-ß-

fn-sem-∂m-Wn-Xv.

Bflobhev°cWw. Hcp thZ`mKØn¬ \n∂v Ncn{X]chpw kmlnXy]chpamb kμ¿`w FSpØp am‰n

a‰p am\Zfißƒ°\pkcn®v AXns\ hymJym\n°pI F∂ A¿∞Øn¬ Be¶mcnI hymJym\

Øn\p≈ ]cymbamWv Cu ]Zw.

330

Be-¶m-cn-Iw. Ae-Ivkm-{≠n-b≥ sblq-Z-a-X-Øn¬ cq]w sIm≠ Hcp thZ-]p-kvXI hymJym-\-co-Xn-bm-Wn-

Xv. Ae-Ivkm-{≠n-bbnse ^ntem BWn-Xns\ P\-Iobam°n-b-Xv. thZ-]p-kvXIw Hcp-hs‚ kwkv°m-

c-Øn\v As√-¶n¬ XXz-imkv{X kwhn-[m-\-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®v kwK-Xy-ap≈-Xm-°pI F∂ B{Kl-am-Wn-

Xns‚ ]n∂nse t{]c-I-i‡n ˛ CXn\v ss__n-fns‚ Ncn{X kμ¿`hpw kmln-Xy-k-μ¿`hpw Ah-K-

Wn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.- Xn-cp-sh-gp-Ønse Hmtcm mK-Øn\pw ]n∂n¬ ad-™n-cn-°p∂ As√-¶n¬ BflnI A¿∞w

AX-t\z-jn-°p-∂p. aØm. 13 ¬ tbiphpw Kem. 4 ¬ ]usemkpw kXyw hn\n-abw sNøp-∂-Xn\mbn

Ae-¶mcw D]-tbm-Kn-®-Xmbn kΩ-Xn-t°-≠n-bn-cn°p-∂p. F¶nepw CXv \ng¬ s]mcpƒ cq]-Øn-emWv

A√msX Be-¶m-cnIw am{Xambn´-√.

B£cnI (literal). At¥ymIybn¬ cq]w sIm≠ thZ`mKØn¬ {i≤bq∂p∂ Ncn{X]camb hymJym\

coXnbpsS as‰mcp t]cmWnXv. hymJym\Øn¬ am\pjnI `mjbpsS km[mcWhpw hy‡hpamb

A¿∞w Dƒs∏Sp∂p F∂Xv A¿∞am°p∂p. At∏mƒ Xs∂ Be¶mcnI `mjbpsS km∂n[yw

AXwKoIcn°p∂p.

Fs¢Iv‰nIv. ]mT\ncq]WtØmSp _‘s∏´XmWnXv. aqe {KŸtØmSp G‰hpw ASpØp \n¬°p∂

tXsX∂v Is≠Øp∂Xn\mbn hyXykvX {Ko°v IsøgpØp{]XnIfn¬ \n∂p≈ Hcp {]tXyI `mKw

Xncs™Sp°p∂Xns\bmWnXp kqNn∏n°p∂Xv. {Ko°v IsøgpØp {]XnIfpsS GsXmcp IpSpw_

Ønepw aqe {KŸtØmSp ASpØp \nev°p∂hbp≠mIpw F∂ kn≤m¥sØ CXp X≈n°fbp∂p.

FsbknPoknkv. FIvknPoknkn\p hn]coXamWnXv. FIvknPoknkv bYm¿∞ FgpØpImcs‚ Dt±iy

sØ ""]pdtØ°p \bn°p∂Xv'' BsW¶n¬, Cu ]Zw Hcp hntZi BibsØ AYhm A`n{]mbsØ

""D≈nte°p \bn°p∂Xv'' BWv.

F‰ntamfPn. Hcp ]ZØns‚ aqe A¿∞w {Kln°m\pt±in®p≈ ]T\amWnXv. Cu aqe A¿∞Øn¬

\n∂pw {]tXyI D]tbmKßƒ hfsc Ffp∏Øn¬ Xncn®dnbmw. hymJym\Øn¬ F‰ntamfPnb√

{][m\ {i≤m tI{μw. adn®v ]ZØns‚ kaImenI A¿∞hpw D]tbmKhpamWv.

FIvknPoknkv. Hcp {]tXyI thZ`mKØns‚ hymJym\sØ ]cam¿in°p∂ kmt¶XnI ]Zw ""]pdtØ°p

\bn°pI'' (]mTØn¬ \n∂v) F∂mW¿∞w. Ncn{X ]›mØew, kmlnXy kμ¿`w, ]ZhyXymkw,

kaImenI hmIym¿∞w F∂nhbpsS shfn®Øn¬ bYm¿∞ FgpØpImcs‚ Dt±iyw a\ nem°pI

bmWnhnsS.

F {]n-tbmdn ""ap≥\n-K-a\w'' F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ ]cym-b-am-Wn-Xv. kXy-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ ap≥t] kzoI-cn®

\n¿h-N-\-ßƒ, XXz-ßƒ, \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ F∂n-h-bn¬ \n∂p≈ bp‡n-]-c-amb hmZ-ßƒ CXn¬ Dƒs∏-

Sp-∂p.- ]cn-tim-[-\tbm hni-I-e-\-ßtfm IqSmsX AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-´-h-bm-Wn-h.

Gcn-b-\nkw. aq∂mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ A¥y-Ønepw \memw \q‰m-≠n-s‚- B-cw-`-Øn-ep-ambn CuPn-]v‰nse Ae-

Ivkm-{≠n-bbnse k`-bnse {]kv_n-‰-dm-bn-cp∂p Adn-bqkv. tbip ]q¿Δm-kvXn-Iy-ap-≈-h-\m-bn-cp∂psh-

¶nepw ssZh-Xz-ap≈h\m-bn-cp-∂n-√ (km-cmw-i-Øn¬ ]nXm-hn-t\mSp ka-\m-bn-cp-∂n-√) F∂p hmZn-®p.

kZr. 8:22˛31 BWv CXn-\m-[m-c-ambn FSp-Ø-Xv. Ae-Ivkm-{≠n-bbnse _nj∏v Ah-t\m-tS-‰p-ap-´p-Ibpw

Aßs\ Bcw-`n® (F.- Un. 318) hnhmZw At\I h¿jßƒ XpS-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Gcn-b-\nkw ]uc-

kvXy-k-`-bpsS HutZym-KnI hnizm-k-{]-am-W-ambn Xo¿∂p.- F.-Un. 325 se \nJym-kp-∂-l-tZmkv Adn-

bq-kn-s\ -th-Z-hn-]-co-Xn-bmbn {]Jym-]n-°p-Ibpw ]p{X-s‚ ssZh-Øns‚ ]q¿Æ kaXzw {]Jym-]n-°p-

Ibpw sNbvXp.

Hmt´m-{Km^v. ss__n-fns‚ aqe-Ir-Xn-Iƒ°p \¬In-bn-cn-°p∂ t]cm-Wn-Xv. Cu bYm¿∞ Isø-gpØp

{]Xn-Iƒ \jvS-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. tIm∏n-I-fpsS tIm∏n am{Xta e`y-am-bn-´p-≈q. Ch-bmWv F{_m-b, {Ko°v

Isø-gpØp {]Xn-I-fn-sebpw ]pcm-X\ ]cn-`m-j-I-fn-sebpw hyXym-k-Øn\p Imc-W-am-bn-Øo¿∂n-´p-≈Xv.

Ia‚dn. {]tXyI Xc-Øn-ep≈ Kth-jW {KŸw. Hcp thZ-]p-kvXI {KŸ-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ s]mXp-hmb

]›m-Øew \evIp-∂p. XpS¿∂Xv ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ Hmtcm `mK-sØ-°p-dn®pw hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂p. NneXv

{]tbm-Kn-I-Xbv°v Du∂¬ \evIp-tºmƒ a‰p NneXv ]mT-`m-KsØ IqSp-X¬ kmt¶-XnI coXn-bn¬

kao-]n-°p-∂p. Ch klm-b-I-c-am-sW-¶nepw Hcp-h≥ Xs‚ {]Y-anI ]T\w \S-Ønb tijta Chsb

B{i-bn-°m-hq. hymJym-Xm-hns‚ A`n-{]m-b-ßsf hnth-N-\-_p-≤n-tbmsS A√msX kzoI-cn-°-cp-Xv.

hyXykvX imk{X ho£-W-ßƒ D≈ \nc-h[n Ia‚dn-Iƒ XΩn¬ Xmc-X-ay-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xp klm-b-

I-am-Wv.

I¨tIm¿U≥kv. thZ-]p-kvXI ]T-\-Øn-\p≈ Kth-j-tWm-]m-[n-I-fn¬ H∂m-WnXv. ]pXn-b- \n-b-a-Øn-

epw ]g-b -\n-b-a-Ønepw D≈ Hmtcm hm°ns‚ ]´n-Ibpw ÿm\hpw CXv tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. \nc-h[n

\ne-I-fn¬ CXp klm-b-I-c-amWv: (1) Hcp {]tXyI hm°ns‚ ]n∂n-ep≈ F{_mb AYhm {Ko°p

331

]Zw \n¿Æ-bn-°p-∂-Xn¬; (2) Nne F{_mb AYhm {Ko°p ]Zw D]-tbmKn®n´p≈ thZ-`m-K-ßƒ Xmc-

X-ay-s∏-SpØp-∂-Xn¬; (3) FhnsS c≠p hyXykvX F{_mb AYhm {Ko°p ]Zw Htc hm°n¬ ]cn-`m-

j-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p F∂p Is≠-Øp∂Xn¬; (4) {]tXyI ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ AYhm Fgp-Øp-Im-c-

\n¬ Hcp {]tXyI hm°ns‚ D]-tbmKw Bh¿Øn-°p-∂Xv Is≠-Øp-∂-Xn¬; (5) ss__n-fnse Hcp

thZ-`mKw Is≠-Øp-hm≥ (cf. Walter Clark’s How to Use New Testament Greek Study Aids, pp. 54-55).

IsøgpØp{]Xn. {Ko°p ]pXnb\nbaØns‚ hnhn[ ]I¿∏pIsf kqNn∏n°p∂ ]Zw. km[mcWbmbn

Ahsb hnhn[ C\ßfmbn Xncn°mdp≠v: (1) FgpXs∏´ hkvXphns‚ ASnÿm\Øn¬ (]m∏ndkv,

tXm¬); (2) FgpØp coXnbpsS ASnÿm\Øn¬ (henb£cw As√¶n¬ Hgp°mb FgpØv) “MS”(GIhN\w) As√¶n¬ “MSS” (_lphN\w) F∂mWv Npcps°gpØv.

Imt\m≥. kam-\-X-I-fn-√m-Ø-hn[w ssZh-\n-izm-knb-amb Fgp-Øp-Isf hni-Zo-I-cn-°m--\p-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂ -

]Zw. ]g-b, ]pXnb \nba Xncp-sh-gp-Øp-Iƒ°v Cu ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≠v.

{InkvXp tI{μo-Ir-Xw. tbip-hns‚ tI{μo-Ir-X-XzsØ kqNn-∏n-°p∂ ]Zw. tbip apgp ss__n-fn-s‚bpw

I¿Øm-hmWv F∂ Bi-b-tØmSp _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. ]g-b-\n-baw Ah-\n-te°p hnc¬ Nq≠p-∂p.

Ah≥ AXns‚ ]q¿Øo-I-cWw e£yhpw BWv (H.-t\m. -a-Øm. 5:17˛48).

Kvt\mÃnknkw. Cu Zpcp]tZisØ kw_‘n®p≈ \ΩpsS Adnhv, c≠mw \q‰m≠nse FgpØpIfn¬

\n∂mWv e`n°p∂Xv. F¶nepw C≥kn∏nbs‚ Bibßƒ H∂mw \q‰m≠n¬ Xs∂ (AXn\p apºpw)

{]ISambncp∂p.

c≠mw \q‰m≠nse hmess‚≥, skdn¥nb≥ Kvt\mÃnknkØns‚ Nne ASnÿm\ Bibßƒ:

(1) hkvXphpw Bflmhpw kl˛\nXyamWv (Hmt‚mfPn°¬ Uyphenkw). hkvXp Xn∑bpw Bflmhv

\√XpamWv. Bflmhmbm ssZhØn\v ZpjvSamb hkvXphns‚ cq]s∏SpØen¬ t\cn v CSs]Sm\mhn√.

(2) ssZhØn\pw hkvXphn\pw CSbn¬ Fat\j\pIƒ (FtbmWpIƒ AYhm `qXeßƒ) D≠v.

AXn¬ HSphnesØ AYhm G‰hpw XmWXv ]gb\nbaØnse btlmh BWv, Ah\mWv {]]©w

(tImkvtamkv), krjvSn®Xv (3) tbip btlmhsbt∏mse Hcp Fat\j\mWv, F¶nepw D∂X

\nebnep≈h\pw bYm¿∞ ssZhtØmSv IqSpX¬ ASpØncn°p∂h\pw BWv. Nne¿ Ahs\ G‰hpw

Db¿∂h\pw F∂m¬ ssZhsØ°mƒ Ipd™h\pw Bbn ImWp∂p. Ah≥ Xo¿®bmbpw PUsaSpØ

ssZha√ (H.t\m tbml. 1:14). hkvXp ZpjvSamIbm¬, tbiphn\v a\pjyicocap≠mbncn°bpw At∏mƒ

Xs∂ ssZhambncn°pIbpw sNøm≥ km[ya√. Ahs\mcp Bflob `qXamWv (H.t\m. 1 tbml.

1:1˛3; 4:1-˛6; (4) tbiphnep≈ hnizmktØmsSm∏w {]tXyI ⁄m\hpw thWw c£ {]m]n°phm≥.

AXv {]tXyI hy‡nIƒt° e`n°bp≈q. kz¿§ob afießfneqsS IS∂pt]mIm≥ ⁄m\w

(]mkvth¿UpIƒ) A\nhmcyamWv. ssZhsØ kao]n°phm≥ sblqZ \nbahmZhpw BhiyamWv.

⁄m\hmZ Zpcp]tZjvSm°ƒ c≠p hyXykvX [m¿ΩnI kwhn[m\ßƒ {]Ncn∏n®p: (1) Nnesc

kw_‘n®v PohnX ssien°v c£bpambn Hcp _‘hpan√. Ahsc kw_‘n®v c£bpw

BflobXbpw ZqXafieØneqsS IS°p∂Xn\p≈ clky ⁄m\Øn¬ (]mkvth¿UpIƒ)

D≈S°w sNbvXncn°p∂p. (2) a‰p≈h¿°v PohnX ssien c£bv°v \n¿ÆmbIamWv. bYm¿∞

BflobXbpsS ASbmfambn k\ymkw Ah¿ Du∂n∏dbp∂p.

JfinI. CXv KZyØnse ASnÿm\ hymJym\ bqWn‰mWv. AXn¬ Hcp tI{μ Nn¥bpw AXns‚ hnIm

khpap≠v. AXns‚ apJy Du∂en¬ \mw {i≤n®psIm≠ncp∂m¬ sNdnb Imcyßfn¬ \mw {i≤n°msX

t]mItbm As√¶n¬ bYm¿∞ FgpØpImcs‚ Dt±iyw hn´pt]mItbm sNøpw.

Nmhp-I-S¬ Npcp-fp-Iƒ. 1947 ¬ Nmhp-I-S¬ {]tZ-iØp \n∂pw Is≠-SpØ F{_mb, Acmay `mj-I-fn¬

Fgp-X-s∏´ ]pcm-X\ enJn-X-ß-fm-Wn-h. H∂mw \q‰m-≠n-se- Hcp {]tXyI sblqZ hn`m-K-Øns‚ aX-

{K-Ÿ-ti-J-c-am-bn-cp∂p Ah. tdma≥ A[n-\n-th-i-Øns‚ kΩ¿±hpw 60-˛Ifnse Xo{h-hmZ t]mcm-´-ß-

fpw, Cu Npcp-fp-Iƒ a¨]m-{X-ßfn¬ AS-®p -ap-{Z-sh®v Kpl-I-fn-epw Klz-c-ß-fnepw Hfn-∏n-°m≥ Ahsc

t{]cn-∏n-®p. H∂mw \q‰m-≠nse ]e-kvXos‚ Ncn-{X-]-›m-Øew a\- n-em-°p-hm\pw atkm-dn-‰nIv ]Xn∏v

hfsc IrXy-X-bp-≈-Xm-sW-∂v ˛ Ipd-™-]£w _n.-kn. BZy-\q-‰m-≠n-se tcJ-b-\p-k-cns®¶nepw ˛

ÿnco-I-cn-°p-hm\pw Ah \sΩ klm-bn-®n-´p-≠v. ""DSS'' F∂ Npcp-s°-gp-Øn¬ Ah Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.

⁄m\kmlnXyw. ]pcmX\ kao] ]q¿ΔtZißfn¬ (B[p\nI temIØnepw) k¿Δkm[mcWamb

kmlnXycq]amWnXv. IhnX, kZrihmIyßƒ As√¶n¬ {]_‘ßƒ F∂nhbneqsS ]pXnb

Xeapdbv°v hnPbIcamb PohnXØn\p≈ am¿§\n¿t±ißƒ \¬Ip∂Xn\p≈ {iaamWv ASnÿm\

]cambn CXv. Hcp s]mXp kaqlsØ F∂Xnep]cn hy‡nIsfbmWv A`nkwt_m[\ sNøp∂Xv.

CXv Ncn{XØns‚ kqN\ \¬Ip∂n√, adn®v PohnX A\p`hßfnt∑epw \nco£Wßfnt∑epw ASn

332

ÿm\s∏´XmWv. thZ]pkvXIØn¬ Ctøm_v apX¬ DØaKoXw hscbp≈ Chbn¬ btlmhbpsS

km∂n[yhpw Bcm[\bpw \nd™p \nev°p∂p. F¶nepw Cu aX]camb temIho£Ww F√m°me

Øpap≈ F√m a\pjy¿°pw JfinXambn _m[IambX√.

Hcp kmlnXycq]sa∂ \nebn¬ s]mXphmb kXyßsf AXpƒs°m≈p∂p. F¶nepw CXns\

{]tXyI kmlNcyßfn¬ D]tbmKn°m≥ IgnbpIbn√. F√m hy‡n]camb kmlNcyßfnepw

D]tbmKn°m≥ IgnbmØ s]mXp {]kvXmh\IfmWh.

Cu hnip≤∑m¿ PohnXØnse ITn\amb tNmZyßƒ tNmZn°m≥ ss[cys∏´hcmWv. an°t∏mgpw

Ah ]cºcmKX aXho£Wßsf sh√phnfn°p∂p (Ctøm_v, k`m{]kwKn). PohnX Zpc¥ßƒ

kw_‘n®p≈ efnXamb DØcßƒ°v Ah k¥pe\hpw kwL¿jhpw krjvSn°p∂p.

ssSt∏mfPn°¬ (\ng¬, s]mcpƒ). Hcp {]tXyI hymJym\coXnbmWnXv. km[mcWbmbn km[¿Ωyap≈

{]XoIap]tbmKn®v ]pXnb \nba kXyßƒ ]gb \nba `mKßfn¬ Is≠Øp∂ coXnbmWnXv.

AeIvkm{≠nb≥ coXnbnse Hcp apJyLSIamWv Cu hymJym\ hn`mKw. CØcØnep≈ hymJym\

Øns‚ Zpcp]tbmKw \nanØw ]pXnb \nbaØn¬ tcJs∏SpØnbncn°p∂ {]tXyIamb DZmlcW

ßfnte°p am{Xambn CXp ]cnanXs∏SptØ≠Xmhiyambncn°p∂p.

sSIvkvNz¬ {Inńknkw (]mT\ncq]Ww). thZ]pkvXI IsøgpØp {]XnIfpsS ]T\amWnXv. aqe{KŸ

ßƒ H∂pw C√mXncn°pIbpw ]I¿∏pIƒ ]ckv]cw hyXykvXambncn°pIbw sNøp∂ kml

NcyØn¬ ]mT\ncq]Ww AXymhiyamWv. hyXymkßsf hniZoIcn°phm\pw Ignbp∂nStØmfw

bYm¿∞ytØmSSpØp \n¬°p∂ ]gb \nb-a, ]pXnb \nba ]I¿∏pIƒ Is≠SpØphm\pw CXp

{ian°p∂p. ""temh¿ {Inńknkw'' F∂pw CXns\ hnfn°mdp≠v.

sSIvk‰kv dnk]v‰kv. F¬skhndns‚ F.Un. 1633 se {Ko°v ]pXnb \nbasØbmWv Cu t]cn¬

hnfn°p∂Xv. ASnÿm\]cambn CXv, Nne ]n¬°me {Ko°v IsøgpØp {]XnIƒ, Fdmkvakv (1510-

˛1535), sÃ^m\kv (1546˛1559), F¬skhn¿ (1624˛1678) F∂nhcpsS em‰n≥ ]cn`mjIƒ F∂nhbn¬

\n∂pw \n¿Ωn®XmWv. An Introduction to the Textual Criticism of the New Testament, p. 27¬ F.‰n.

tdm_¿´vk¨ ]dbp∂Xv ""ss_k‚bn≥ ]Xn∏mWv {]mtbmKnIambn sSIvÃkv dnk]v‰kv'' F∂m-

Wv. ]pcmX\ {Ko°v IsøgpØp{]Xn IpSpw_ßfnse (]m›mXyw, AeIvkm{≠nb≥, ss_k‚bn≥)

G‰hpw hneIpd™XmWv ss_k‚bn≥ ]Xn∏v. \q‰m≠pIfnse ssIsIm≠p≈ ]I¿ØnsbgpØn

eqsS kw`hn® sX‰pIfpsS Iqºmcw AXnep≠v. F∂ncp∂mepw F. ‰n. tdm_¿´vk¨ ]dbp∂Xv,

"sSIvkv‰kv dnk]v‰kv \ap°pth≠n XmcXtay\ IrXyamb ]mTw IcpXnsh®ncn°p∂p'' (t]. 21)

F∂mWv. Cu {Ko°v IsøgpØp ]mcºcyamWv ({]tXyIn®pw Fdmkvakns‚ 1522 se ]Xn∏v) F.Un.

1611 se InwKv Pbnwkv ]cn`mjbpsS ASnÿm\w.

UnU-IvSohv. bp‡n-bpsS Cu coXn, s]mXp-X-Xz-ß-fn¬ \n∂p bp‡n-b-[n-jvTn-X-amb {]tXyI {]mtbm-Kn-I-

X-bn-te°p \oßp-∂p. \oco-£n-®-dn-bp∂ hni-Zmw-i-ß-fn¬\n∂v s]mXphmb \nKa\ßfnte°v

(kn≤m¥ßƒ) FØp∂ imkv{Xob coXnbmb C≥UIvSohv dokWnwKns‚ hn]coXamWnXv.

UbmeIvSn°¬ (hncp≤ Zzμw). ]ckv]c hncp≤amb AYhm sshcp≤yamb hkvXpXIsf Hcp kwL¿

japfhm°p∂ coXnbn¬ Hcpan®p \n¿Øn, sshcp≤yØns‚ Ccphißfpw Dƒs∏Sp∂ sFIyamb

DØcw tXSp∂ coXnbmWnXv. \nch[n thZ]pkvXI D]tZißƒ°pw hncp≤ tPmUnIƒ D≠v; ap≥

\nba\w ˛ kzX{¥ C—; `{ZX ˛ ÿntcm’mlw; hnizmkw ˛ {]hrØnIƒ; Xocpam\w ˛ injyXzw;

{InkvXob kzmX{¥yw ˛ {InkvXob DØchmZnXzw.

Ubmkvt]md. hmKvZØ \mSns‚ `qanimkv{X AXn¿Øn°p shfnbn¬ Pohn°p∂ sblqZ∑msc kqNn∏n

°p∂Xn\v ]ekvXo\nse sblqZ∑m¿ D]tbmKn®p h∂ {Ko°v kmt¶XnI ]Zw.

ssU\manIv CIze‚ v. thZ]pkvXI ]cn`mjbnse Hcp kn≤m¥amWnXv. thZ]pkvXI ]cn`mjsb

""]Zm\p]Z'' ]cn`mjbmbn IW°m°mw. AhnsS Hmtcm F{_mb AYhm {Ko°v ]ZØn\pw ]Icw

Cw•ojv ]Zw D]tbmKn°p∂p. ""kw{KlØn¬'' (paraphrase) bYm¿∞ ]ZØn\pw {]tbmKØn\pw

]Icw Bibw am{Xw ]cn`mjs∏SpØn FgpXp∂p. Cu c≠v kn≤m¥ßƒ°pw \Sphn¬ hcp∂XmWv

""ssU\anIv CIze‚ v.'' CXn¬ aqe ]mTw KuchØn¬ FSp°p∂p. F¶nepw Ah B[p\nI hymIcW

cq]Ønepw ssienbnepw ]cn`mjs∏SpØp∂p. ]cn`mjbpsS hyXykvX kn≤m¥ßsf kw_‘n®v

hfsc \√ Hcp N¿®bv°v ô, Ãph¿´v F∂nhscgpXnb How to Read the Bible for All Its Worth, p.35) & Robert Bratcher’s Introduction to TEV.

X¬aqZv. sblqZ hmsamgn ]mcºcyßƒ t{ImUoIcn® {KŸw. ssZhw ko\mbn¬sh®v tamsibv°v CXp

]d™psImSpØp F∂v sblqZ∑m¿ hnizkn°p∂p. bYm¿∞Øn¬ CXv sblqZ d∫namcpsS

h¿jßfmbp≈ ⁄m\hN\ßfpsS tiJcamWv. X¬aqZns‚ FgpXs∏´ c≠v hyXykvX ]Xn∏pI

333

fp≠v. _m_ntemWnb≥ AYhm sNdnbXv, ]q¿ØoIcn°mØ ]ekvXo\nb≥.

tXmd. ""]Tn∏n°¬'' F∂Xn\p≈ F{_mb ]ZamWnXv. CXv tamsibpsS FgpØpIfpsS (Dev]Øn ˛

Bh¿Ø\w) HutZymKnI \maambnØo¿∂p. sblqZ∑msc kw_‘n®v F{_mb Imt\m\nse G‰hpw

B[nImcnI `mKamWnXv.

Xncp-sh-gp-Øns‚ km[¿Ωyw. apgp ss__nfpw ssZh\n-izm-ko-b-am-sW-∂pw AXn-\m¬ ]c-kv]c hncp-≤-

a-√ ]c-kv]c ]qc-I-am-sW∂pw D≈ ho£-WsØ hni-Zo-I-cn-°p∂ {]tbm-K-am-Wn-Xv. CXv ap≥[m-

cWm Dd-∏mWv thZ-]pkvXI hymJym-\-Øn\v kam-¥c thZ-`mKßƒ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xns‚ ASn-

ÿm-\w.

Zp¿{K-l-X. Hcp thZ-`m-K-Øn\v ct≠m AXn-e-[n-Itam km[y-amb A¿∞w D≠m-bn-cn-°p-Itbm As√-¶n¬

Htc kabw ct≠m AXn-e-[n-Itam Imcy-ßsf kqNn-∏n-°p-Itbm sNøp-tºmƒ kw`-hn-°p∂ A\n-›n-

Xm-h-ÿ-sb kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.

\nbahmZw (legalism). \nbaßƒ°pw BNmcßƒ°pw AanX {]m[m\yw \¬Ip∂ at\m`mhw.

ssZhØm¬ AwKoIcn°s∏Sp∂Xn\p≈ am¿§ambn a\pjys‚ BNmcm\pjvTm\ßfnep≈

B{ibamWXv. _‘sØ \nj{]àm°n {]IS\sØ Db¿Øn°mWn°p∂XmWXv. hnip≤\mb

ssZhhpw ]m]nbmb a\pjy\pw XΩnep≈ DSºSn _‘Ønse kp{][m\ LSIßfmWv Ch c≠pw.

s\tÃmdnb\nkw. A©mw \q‰m≠n¬ tIm¨Ãm‚nt\m∏nfnse ]m{Xnbm¿°okmbncp∂p s\tÃmdnbkv.

kndnbbnse At¥mIybn¬ \n∂p ]cnioe\w t\Snb s\tÃmdnbkv tbiphn\v c≠v {]IrXn

D≠mbncp∂psh∂p hmZn®p. H∂v ]q¿Æ ssZhhpw H∂v ]q¿Æa\pjy\pw. CXv AeIvkm{≠nb≥

ho£Wamb bmYmÿnXnI GI {]IrXn ho£WØn¬ \n∂pap≈ hyXnNe\ambncp∂p.

s\tÃmdnbkns‚ {][m\ Dt±iyw adnbbv°v ""ssZhamXmhv'' F∂ ]Zhn \¬IpI F∂Xmbncp∂p.

AeIvkm{≠nbbnse kndnƒ s\tÃmdnbkns\Xnsc cwKØp h∂p ˛ A¿∞m¬ s\tÃmdnbkns‚

]cnioe\w Xs∂ Ahs‚ BibØns\Xncmbncp∂p. At¥ymIy, thZ]pkvXI hymJym\w

kw_‘n® Ncn{X ˛ hymIcW ˛ ]mT`mK kao]\Øns‚ Xeÿm\hpw, AeIvkm{≠nb

hymJym\Øns‚ \mephn[ (Be¶mcnI) kvIqfns‚ Xeÿm\hpambncp∂p. s\tÃmdnbkns\ HSp

hn¬ ]Zhnbn¬ \n∂p \o°pIbpw \mSp ISØpIbpw sNbvXp.

]tcmJnbenkw. {]tZinI ssZhmimkv{X/kmwkvImcnI ]›mØeØn¬ sI´s∏´pt]mIp∂ {]hWX

bmWnXv. AXv thZ]pkvXI kXyßfpsS kwkvImcm¥c kz`mhsØtbm AXns‚ {]tbmKnIX

sbtbm Xncn®dnbpIbn√.

]cymbw (Synonymous). AXp Xs∂tbm kam\ambtXm Bb A¿∞ap≈ ]Zßsf kqNn∏n°p∂p

(F∂ncp∂mepw c≠p hm°pIƒ Hcn°epw kºq¿Æ A¿∞Xeßfn¬ ]ckv]cw AXn{Ian°p∂n√).

Ah hfscbSpØp _‘s∏ńcn°p∂Xn\m¬ A¿∞w tNm¿∂pt]mImsX Xs∂ H∂n\p ]Icw as‰m∂v

D]tbmKn°phm≥ Ignbpw. F{_mb IhnXbnse kam¥cXzØns‚ aq∂p cq]ßfnsem∂ns\

kqNn∏n°phm\pw Cu ]Zw D]tbmKn°p∂p. Cu A¿∞Øn¬ IhnXbn¬ Htc A¿∞w {]ISn∏n°p∂

c≠p hcnIsf kqNn∏n°p∂p (H.t\m. k¶o. 103:3).

]m∏ndkv. CuPn]vXn¬ \n∂p≈ FgpXm\p]tbmKn°p∂ hkvXp. \ZoXocØp hf-cp∂ HmSbn¬ (Rm-ß-

W) \n∂mWnXp≠m°p∂Xv. ]pXnb \nbaØns‚ G‰hpw ]g°ap≈ tIm∏nIƒ CXnemWv FgpX

s∏ń´p≈Xv.

tπt‰m. ]pcmX\ {Koknse XXzNn¥Icn¬ Hcph≥. AeIvkm{≠nb, CuPn]vXv F∂nhnSßfn¬ \n∂p≈

]finX∑m¿, ]n¬°meØv AKÃn≥ F∂nhcneqsS At±lØns‚ XXzNn¥Iƒ BZna k`bn¬

hfsc kzm[o\w sNepØpIbp≠mbn. `qanbnep≈ kIehpw ambbmsW∂pw BflnI s]mcpfm

bXns‚ tIhew ]I¿∏p am{XamsW∂pw At±lw hmZn®p. ssZhimkv{X⁄∑m¿ ]n¬°meØv

tπt‰mbpsS "cq]ßsf/ Bibßsf'' BflnI afießtfmSp Xpe\s∏SpØn.

{]Imi\w (Illumination). ssZhw a\pjytcmSp kwkmcn®p F∂ BibØn\p \¬Inbncn°p∂ t]cv.

]q¿Æ Bibw aq∂p ]Zßƒ sIm≠mWv shfns∏SpØnbncn°p∂Xv: (1) shfn∏mSv ˛ ssZhw a\pjy

Ncn{XØn¬ {]h¿Øn®p; (2) ssZh\nizmkobX ˛ Ah≥ Xs‚ {]hrØnIfpsS icnbmb hymJym\

ßfpw AhbpsS A¿∞ßfpw a\pjyh¿§Øn\pth≠n tcJs∏SpØp∂Xn\mbn sXcs™Sp°s∏´

Nne {]tXyI a\pjy¿°p \¬In; (3) {]Imi\w ˛ Xs‚ kzb˛shfns∏SpØ¬ a\ nem°p∂Xn\p

a\pjysc klmbn°m≥ Ah≥ Xs‚ Bflmhns\ \¬In.

{]IrXnbnse shfn∏mSv (Natural Revelation). a\pjyt\mSp≈ ssZhØns‚ kzb˛shfns∏SpØens‚

Hcp am¿§amWnXv. AXn¬ {]IrXnbnse {Iaw (tdma. 1:19˛20), [m¿ΩnI t_m[w (tdma. 2:14˛15) F∂nh

334

Dƒs∏Sp∂p. k¶o. 19:1˛6 epw tdma. 1˛2 epw AXns\°pdn®p ]d™n´p≠v. ss__nfneqsSbpw

\ktdØnse tbiphneqsSbpw ]caambpw D≈ ssZhØns‚ kzb˛shfn∏mSmb ""{]tXyI

shfn∏mSn¬'' \n∂pw hyXykvXamWnXv.

Cu ssZhimkv{X hn`mKØn\v, {InkvXob imkv{X⁄∑mcpsS CSbnep≈ "]gb qan' {]ÿm\w

(DZm. lKv tdmkns‚ cN\Iƒ) ]p\¿ Du∂¬ \¬Inbn´p≠v. kIe kXyßfpw ssZhØns‚ kXy

amsW∂v ÿm]n°m≥ Cu hn`mKsØ Ah¿ D]tbmKn°p∂p. {]IrXn, ssZhsØ°pdn®p≈ Adnhn

te°p Xpd°s∏´ hmXnemWv. AXv {]tXyI shfn∏mSn¬ \n∂v (ss__nƒ) hyXykvXamWv. AXv

B[p\nI imkv{XØn\v {]IrXnbnse {IasØ°pdn®v KthjWw \SØm\p≈ kzmX{¥yw \¬Ip∂p.

Fs‚ A`n{]mbØn¬ B[p\nI imkv{Xob ]m›mXy temItØmSv km£yw ]dbp∂Xn\p≈

AXnibIcamb ]pXnb AhkcamWnXv.

s_sk. F.-Un. 6˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬ Fgp-X-s∏´ {Ko°v, em‰n≥ Isø-gpØp {]Xn-bm-Wn-Xv. CXns\ "D' F∂p

\ma-I-cWw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p. kphn-ti-j-ßfpw As∏mkvX-e-{]-hr-Øn-Ifpw Nne s]mXp-te-J-\-ß-fp-

am-Wn-Xn-ep-≈-Xv. ]I¿s∏-gp-Øp-Im-cs‚ AkwJyw Iqń-t®¿°-ep-Iƒ CXn-ep-≠v. InwKv Pbnwkv th¿j≥

D]-tbm-Kn® apJy -{Ko°v Isø-gpØp ]mc-º-cy-amb ""sSIvÃkv sdkn-]v‰kv'' s‚ ASn-ÿm\w s_sk

BWv.

a\p-jy-cq-]m-tcm-]-Ww. ""a\p-jy-tcmSp _‘-s∏´ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cn-°pI'' F∂¿∞w. ssZhsØ

°pdn-®p≈ \ΩpsS aX-]-c-amb `mjsb hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\mWv Cu ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv. a\p-jy-

h¿§w F∂-Xn-\p≈ {Ko°p ]Z-Øn¬ \n∂m-WnXv h∂-Xv. AXn-\¿∞w ssZhw Hcp a\p-jy-\m-sW∂

\ne-bn¬ \mw Ahs\°pdn®v kwkm-cn-°p∂p F∂m-Wv. ssZhsØ a\p-jy-t\mSp _‘-s∏´ imco-cn-

I, kmaq-ln-I, a-\xim-kv{X- ]-Z-ß-fp-]-tbm-Kn®v hnh-cn-°p∂p (H.-t\m. Dev]. 3:8; 1 cmPm. 22:19-˛23). CXv

Xo¿®-bmbpw kmZriyw am{X-am-Wv. F∂n-cp-∂mepw a\p-jy-t‚-X-√msX \ap-°p-]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ as‰mcp

hn`m-K-tam, ]Z-ßtfm e`y-a-√. AXn-\m¬ ssZh-sØ-°p-dn®v \ap-°p≈ Adnhv kXy-am-sW-¶n¬t]mepw

]cn-an-X-am-Wv.

atkmsd‰nIv ]Xn∏v. F{_mb ]finX∑m¿ XeapdIfneqsS cq]s∏SpØnbXpw kzcm£cßfpw Nn”

ßfpw CXc ]mThniZoIcWßfpw Dƒs∏SpØnbXpw F.Un. 9˛mw \q‰m≠n¬ ]q¿Ønbm°nbXpamb

F{_mb IsøgpØp {]XnIfmWnh. CXmWv \ΩpsS Cw•ojv ]gb \nbaØns‚ ASnÿm\w.

AXns‚ ]mT`mKØns‚ IrXyX, F{_mb IsøgpØp {]XnIƒ, {]tXyIn®v NmhpIS¬ NpcpfpIfn¬

\n∂pw e`n® sbiømhv D]tbmKn®v Ncn{X]cambn ÿncoIcn®n´p≠v. "MT' F∂mWv Npcps°gpØv.

ap≥[mcW. Hcp hnjbsØ kw_‘n®v ap∂ta FØnt®cp∂ AdnhmWnXv. ]et∏mgpw \mw XncpshgpØv

]cntim[n°p∂Xn\p apºpXs∂ Hcp hnjbsØ°pdn®v A`n{]mbw AYhm hn[n {]kvXmhw

cq]s∏SpØmdp≠v. Cu ap≥[mcWsb ap≥hn[n, F {]ntbmdn \ne]mSv, Dulmt]mlw F∂nßs\bpw

hnfn°mdp≠v.

ap≥ hn[n. Hcp hkvXp-hn-t\mtSm ho£-W-tØmsSm D≈ i‡-amb ap≥hn-[n-sb-bm-WnXp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-

Xv. Hcp {]tXyI hkvXphn-t\mSv As√-¶n¬ ho£-W-tØmSv apJ-]£w ImWn-°m-Xn-cn-°pI Akm-

≤y-sa∂ \ne-bn-ep≈ am\-kn-Im-h-ÿ-bm-Wn-Xv. CsXmcp ap≥hn[n \ne-]m-Sm-Wv.

apdmt‰mdnb≥ iIeßƒ. ]pXnb \nba Imt\m\nI {KŸßfpsS ]ńIbmWnXv. F.Un. 200 \v apºv

tdman¬ shs®gpXnbXmWnXv. s{]m´Ã‚ v ]pXnb \nbaØnep≈ 27 ]pkvXIßfpsS ]ńI CXnep≠v.

tdmam km{amPyØns‚ hnhn[ `mKßfnep≈ {]mtZinI kÌƒ, \memw \q‰m≠nse apJy k`m

kp∂ltZmkpIƒ°p apºp Xs∂ ""{]mtbmKnIambn'' Imt\m≥ cq]s∏SpØnbncp∂p F∂mWv CXp

hy‡ambn shfns∏SpØp∂Xv.

aqe FgpØpImc≥ (Original author). CXv XncpshgpØns‚ bYm¿∞ I¿Ømhv, FgpØpImcs\ kqNn

∏n°p∂p.

sat‰m\nan. Hcp hkvXphns‚ t]cp]tbmKn®v AXnt\mSp _‘s∏´ as‰m∂ns\ kqNn∏n°p∂ {]tbmK

Øn\p ]dbp∂ t]cmWnXv. DZm. ""]m{Xw Xnfbv°p∂p'' F∂p ]d™m¬, ""]m{XØn\p≈nse sh≈w

Xnfbv°p∂p'' F∂mWv.

btlmh (YHWH). ]gb \nbaØnse ssZhØns‚ DSºSn \maamWnXv. ]pd. 3:14¬ CXns\ \n¿hNn®ncn

°p∂p. ""Bbncn°pI'' (to be) F∂ F{_mb ]ZØns‚ tlXpI cq]amWnXv. Cu \maw hrYm

FSpØmtem F∂p `bs∏´v sblqZ∑m¿ CXv D®cn°pambncp∂n√; AXn\m¬ AXn\p ]Icw

""I¿Ømhv'' F∂¿∞ap≈ ""AtUmWmbn'' F∂ F{_mb ]Zw D]tbmKn®p. Cßs\bmWv Cu

DSºSn \maw Cw•ojn¬ ]cn`mjs∏SpØnbncn°p∂Xv.

335

temINn{Xhpw temIho£Whpw. klh¿ØnXz ]ZßfmWnh. krjvSntbmSp _‘s∏´ XXzimkv{X

ho£WßfmWh. ""temINn{Xw'' (world picture) kqNn∏n°p∂Xv ""krjvSn Fßs\'' F∂msW¶n¬

""temI ho£Ww'' (world veiw) ""Bcv'' F∂mWv. Dev]. 1˛2 {]mYanIambn krjvSn∏ns‚ "Fßs\'

F∂Xns\°mƒ "Bcv' F∂Xns\ {]Xn]mZn°p∂p F∂ \nebnep≈ hymJym\Øn¬ Cu c≠p

]Zßƒ {]k‡amWv.temh¿ {Inńknkw. ""]mT\ncq]Ww'' ImWpI.hØn°m\kv. F.Un. \memw

\q‰m≠nse {Ko°v IsøgpØp {]XnbmWnXv. hØn°m≥ sse{_dnbn¬ \n∂mWnXp Is≠SpØXv.

CXn¬ bYm¿∞Øn¬ ]gb\nbaw apgph\pw As∏m{In^bpw ]pXnb \nbahpw Dƒs∏ńcn°p∂p.

F¶nepw Nne `mKßƒ \jvSs∏´p (Dev]Øn, k¶o¿Ø\ßƒ, F{_mb teJ\w, CSbteJ\ßƒ,

^ntetam≥, shfn∏mSv). aqe {KŸØnse bYm¿∞ ]Z{]tbmKßƒ \n¿Æbn°p∂Xn\v Gsd

klmbIcamb IsøgpØp {]XnbmWnXv. ""B'' F∂mWnXns\ hnfn°p∂Xv.

hƒtK‰v. sPtdmans‚ em‰n≥ ss__nƒ ]cn`mjbmWnXv. CXv tdma≥ ItØmen°m k`bpsS ASnÿm\

AYhm ""s]mXphmb'' ]cn`mjbmbnØo¿∂p. F.Un. 380 IfnemWv CXp≠m°nbXv.

hmIysØfnhv Is≠Ø¬. Hcp hmIyØns‚ B `mKsØ kμ¿`tam B kmlnXy bqWn‰ns‚ hnime

kμ¿`tam ]cnKWn°msX D≤cn®v XncpshgpØns\ hymJym\n°p∂ coXnbmWnXv. CXv hmIysØ

bYm¿∞ FgpØpImcs‚ Dt±iyØn¬ \n∂pw AS¿Øn am‰p∂p. thZ]pkvXI A[nImcsØ

Iq´p]nSn®v hy‡n]camb A`n{]mbw sXfnbn°p∂Xn\mWv CXp km[mcWbmbn D]tbmKn°mdp≈Xv.

hntcm-[m-e-¶mcw (antithetical). F{_mb Ihn-X-bnse hcn-Iƒ XΩn-ep≈ _‘w kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-]-

tbm-Kn-°p∂ aq∂v hni-Zo-I-cWw ]Z-ß-fn-sem-∂m-Wn-Xv. Ihn-X-bnse hncp≤ A¿∞-ß-fp≈ hcn-I-

tfmSv CXv _‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p (H.-t\m. kZr. 10:1; 15:1).

hnhcWmflI `mj. ]gb \nbaw FgpXs∏´ `mjm ssientbmSp _‘s∏´mWnXp]tbmKn°p∂Xv.

AXp \ΩpsS temIsØ ]t©{μnbßƒ°v a\ nemIp∂ `mjbn¬ hnhcn°p∂p. AsXmcp

imkv{Xob hnhcWa√, Aßs\ Dt±in®n´pan√.

hnizmk ka¿∞-I≥ (hn-izm-k ka¿∞-\w) Apologist. ""\nb-a-]-c-amb {]Xn-tcm[w'' F∂¿∞-ap≈

{Ko°v aqe-]-Z-Øn¬ \n∂mWv ssZh-im-kv{X-Ønse Cu {]tXy-I imJ {InkvXob hnizm-k-Øn-\m-[m-

c-amb sXfn-hp-Ifpw hmZ-K-Xn-Ifpw \nc-Øp-∂p.

shfn-∏mSv kmlnXyw. CXv apJy-ambpw Hcp ]t£, AXp-ey-ambpw sblqZ kmln-Xy-cq-]-am-Wv. hntZ-i-

tem-I-i-‡n-Iƒ sblqZy B{I-an®v Iog-S-°nb Ime-L-´-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn® ip≤m¿∞ coXn-bn-ep≈

cN-\m-co-Xn-bm-Wn-Xv. temI-kw-`-h-ßsf kr„n-°p-Ibpw \nb-{¥n-°p-I-bpw Bf-Xz-ap≈ hos≠-Sp-∏n≥

ssZhsØ AXp hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw bn{km-tb¬ Ah\v Xmev]-cy-ap-≈-hcpw Ahs‚ kwc-£-W-bn-

ep≈hcm-sW-∂-\p-am-\n-°bpw sNøp-∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ {]tXyI {]hr-Øn-bm¬ BXy-¥nI hnPbw

Cu kmlnXyw hmKvZm\w sNøp-∂p.

At\I ip≤m¿∞ ]Z-ß-fp-≈Xpw Db¿∂ {]Xo-Im-flI coXn-bn-ep-≈-Xp-am-WnXv. AXv kXysØ

h¿Æ-ßƒ, kwJy-Iƒ, Z¿i-\-ßƒ, kz]v\-ßƒ, ZqX a[y-ÿX, clky tImUvhm-°p-Iƒ F∂n-h-bn-

eqsSbpw ]e-t∏mgpw \∑bpw Xn∑bpw XΩn-ep≈ ITn-\-amb t]mcm-´-Øn-eq-sSbpw hnh-cn-°p-∂p.

Cu kmln-Xy-]q-]-Øns‚ Nne DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ (1) ]gb \nb-aØn¬ sbsl-kvt°¬ (A-≤ym.

36˛38),- Zm-\o-tb¬ (A-≤ym. 7˛12), skJ-cymhv; (2) ]pXnb \nb-aØn¬ aØm. 24; a¿s°m. 13; 2 sX .

2; shfn-∏mSv.

shfn∏mSv. ssZhw a\pjytcmSp kwkmcn®p F∂ BibØn\p \¬Inbn´p≈ t]cmWnXv. ({]Imi\w

ImWpI).

thZ-]p-kvXI A[nIm-cw. Hcp {]tXyI A¿∞-Øn-em-Wn-Xv D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. bmYm¿∞ Fgp-Øp-

Im-c≥ Ahs‚ ImeØv A¿∞-am-°n-b-sX-s¥∂p a\- n-em°n C∂p {]tbm-K-Øn-em-°p-∂-Xn-\m-Wv

CXp-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. \ΩpsS GI B[n-Im-cnI am¿§-Z¿in F∂ \ne-bn¬ ss__n-fns\ ho£n-

°p∂XmWv thZ-]p-kvXI A[n-Imcw F∂p \n¿h-Nn-°mw. F¶nepw ka-Im-enI sX‰mb hymJym-\-ß-

fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬, Ncn{X˛hymI-cW coXn-bpsS {]am-W-ß-f-\p-k-cn®v hymJym-\n-°-s∏-Sp∂ ss__nƒ

F∂v Cu Bi-bsØ Rm≥ ]cn-an-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

hyhÿnX ssZhimkv{Xw. thZ]pkvXI kXyßƒ s]mcpØap≈Xpw bp‡nklhpamb coXnbn¬

_‘n∏n°p∂ hymJym\ ]SnIsfbmWnXp kqNn∏n°p∂Xv. tIhew Ncn{X]csa∂Xnep]cn

bp‡nklamb coXnbn¬ ss{IkvXh ssZhimkv{X hn`mKßsf AhXcn∏n°p∂XmWnXv (ssZhw,

a\pjy≥, ]m]w, c£, BZn).

sshcp≤yw (Paradox). sshcp≤yap≈sX∂p tXm∂p∂Xpw F∂m¬ kXyambXpw ]ckv]cw kwL¿jw

sh®p ]pe¿Øp∂Xpamb kXyßsfbmWnXp kqNn∏n°p∂Xv. kXysØ FXn¿hißfn¬ \n∂pw

336

AhXcn∏n®psIm≠v Ah kXysØ FSpØpImWn°p∂p. an° thZ]pkvXI kXyßfpw hncp≤

tPmUnIfmbn´mWv AhXcn∏n°s∏ń´p≈Xv. thZ]pkvXI kXyßƒ H‰s∏´ \£{Xßf√, adn®v

\£{Xßƒ s\bvXp tN¿Ø \£{X cminIfmWv.

ssien {]tbmKßƒ. hnhn[ kwkvImcßfn¬ ImWp∂ {]tbmKßƒ. Ahbnse H‰sbm‰ hm°pIfpsS

A¿∞ßtfmSp _‘s∏SmsX {]tXyI A¿∞ambncn°pw Ahbv°p≈Xv. Nne B[p\nI

DZmlcWßƒ: ""hbdv IØp∂p'' As√¶n¬ ""Rm≥ qanbnte°p XmWpt]mbn.'' thZ]pkvXIØnepw

CØcw {]tbmKßƒ D≠v.

kam¥c thZ`mKßƒ. ss__nƒ apgph\pw ssZh\nizmkobamsW∂pw AXn\m¬, AXp Xs∂bmWv

AXns‚ anI® hymJymXmhpw hncp≤ kXyßsf k¥pe\s∏SpØp∂h\pw F∂ BibØns‚

`mKamWnXv. hy‡a√mØXpw Zp¿{KlambXpamb thZ`mKßƒ hymJym\n°p∂Xn¬ CXp hfsc

klmbIcamWv. Hcp {]tXyI hnjbØn¬ G‰hpw hy‡amb thZ`mKw Is≠Øphm\pw B

hnjbsØ kw_‘n® XncpshgpØnse a‰p hißfpw Is≠Øphm≥ AXp klmbn°pw.

kmlnXycq]w (Literary Genre). am\pjnI Bib hn\nabØn¬ D]tbmKn°p∂ hyXykvX cq]ßsf

˛ Imhyw As√¶n¬ Ncn{X hnhcWw ˛ kqNn∏n°p∂p. FgpXs∏´ F√m kmlnXy cq]Øn\pw

AXns‚ s]mXphmb hymJm\XXzßƒ D≈Xp IqSmsX {]tXyIamb hymJym\ XXzßfpw D≠v.

kmlnXy cq]w (P\v¿). hnhn[ kmlnXy cq]ßsf kqNn∏n°m\p]tbmKn°p∂ {^©p ]Zw. kmlnXy

cq]ßsf kam\ khntijXIƒ ]pe¿Øp∂ hn`mKßfmbn Xncn°pI: Ncn{X hnhcWw, Imhyw,

kZrihmIyßƒ, shfn∏mSv, `cW{Iaw.

kmlnXy LSIw (literary Unit). thZ]pkvXI {KŸØnse {][m\ Bib]camb hn`P\sØ kqNn∏n

°p∂p. AXv Nne hmIyßtfm, JfinIItfm As√¶n¬ A[ymbßtfm tN¿∂XmImw. Hcp tI{μ

hnjbw D≈ kzb˛\ne\n¬∏p≈ bqWn‰mWnXv.

kn‚mIvkv (]Zhn\ymkw). Hcp hmNIØns‚ LS\sb kqNn∏n°p∂ {Ko°p ]Zw. Hcp kºq¿Æ Bibw

Dfhm°p∂Xn\mbn hmNI `mKßƒ Iqńt®¿°p∂ hn[tØmSv CXp _‘s∏ńcn°p∂p.

kn¥‰n°¬. F{_mb IhnXbnse hnhn[ cq]ßfn¬ H∂nt\mSp _‘s∏´ ]Zw. H∂n\p apIfn¬ as‰m∂p

hcp∂ coXnbn¬ IhnXmhcnIƒ \n¿Ωn°p∂Xns\bmWnXp kqNn∏n°p∂Xv. ""ss¢am‰nIv''

(aq¿≤\yamIp∂) F∂pw hnfn°mdp≠v (H.t\m. k¶o. 19:7-˛9).

skam‚nIv o¬Uv. Hcp hmIytØmSp _‘s∏ń´p≈ apgph≥ A¿∞Xeßsfbpw CXp kqNn∏n°p∂p.

AXv ASnÿm\]cambn Hcp hm°n\v hyXykvX kμ¿`ßfn¬ D≈ hyXykvX A¿∞XeßfmWv.

sk]v‰zPn‚ v. F{_mb ]gb\nbaØns‚ {Ko°v ]cn`mjbv°v \¬Is∏´ t]cmWnXv. CuPn]vXnse

AeIvkm{≠nbbnep≈ Fgp]Xv sblqZ ]finX∑m¿ tN¿∂v 70 Znhkw sIm≠mWnXv FgpXnbsX∂v

]mcºcyw ]dbp∂p. ]cºcmKX XobXn GXm≠v _n.kn. 250 BWv (bYm¿∞Øn¬ CXp

]q¿Ønbm°phm≥ 100 e[nIw h¿jßsfSpØp). Xmsg∏dbp∂ ImcWßfm¬ Cu ]cn`mj AXoh

{]m[m\yap≈XmWv: (1) atkmsd‰nIv F{_mb ]Xn∏pambn XmcXays∏SpØp∂Xn\v Hcp ]pcmX\

]Xn∏v CXneqsS e`yambn; (2) _n.kn. c≠pw aq∂pw \q‰m≠pIfnse sblqZ hymJym\Øns‚ Ahÿ

CXp \ap°p ImWn®p Xcp∂p; (3) tbiphns\ X≈n°fbp∂Xn\p apºp≈ sblqZ∑mcpsS ainsslI

[mcW CXp \ap°p \¬Ip∂p. AXns‚ Npcps°gpØv "LXX'' .

ssk\bn‰n°kv. F. Un. \memw \q‰m≠nse {Ko°v IsøgpØp {]XnbmWnXv. ]cºcmKX ko\mbn

]¿ΔXÿm\amb P_¬ aqkbnse sk‚ v ImXdn≥ k\ymkm{iaØn¬ \n∂v P¿Ω≥ ]finX\mb

‰nj≥tUm¿^v BWnXp Is≠SpØXv. F{_mb BZy B£camb ""Bte^v'' (a) F∂ t]cnemWnXv

Adnbs∏Sp∂Xv. ]gb\nbahpw kºq¿Æ ]pXnb \nbahpw CXneSßnbncn°p∂p. \ap°p e`n®n´p≈

G‰hpw ]g°ap≈ henb£c IsøgpØp {]XnbmWnXv.

kw{Klw (Paraphrase). thZ]pkvXI ]cn`mj kw_‘n®p≈ Hcp kn≤m¥Øns‚ t]cmWnXv. thZ]p

kvXI ]cn`mjsb ""]Zm\p]Z''tØmSp tbmPn°p∂ Hcp XpS¿®bmbn ImWm≥ Ignbpw. AXn¬

Hmtcm F{_mb AYhm {Ko°p ]ZØn\v XØpeyamb Cw•ojv ]Zw \¬IpIbmWp sNøp∂Xv.

F∂m¬ kw{KØn¬ Bibw am{XamWp ]cn`mjs∏SpØp∂Xv, bYm¿∞ hm°pItfm {]tbmKßtfm

]cn`mjs∏SpØp∂n√. Cu c≠p kn≤m¥ßƒ°nSbn¬, aqe ]Xn∏ns\ KuchØn¬ FSp°ptºmƒ

Xs∂ AXns\ B[p\nI hymIcWcq]ßfnte°pw ssienIfnte°pw ]cn`mjs∏SpØp∂

""ssU\anIv CIze‚ v'' F∂ coXnbpap≠v. Cu hn[ kn≤m¥ßsf kw_‘n®v Hcp \√ N¿®bv°v,

Fee and Stuart, How to Read the Bible for All Its Worth, p. 35 ImWp-I.

lb¿ {Inńknkw. Hcp {]tXyI thZ]pkvXI {KŸØns‚ Ncn{X ]›mØew, kmlnXy LS\

337

F∂nhbn¬ {i≤bq∂p∂ hymJym\ {]{InbbmWnXv.

sl¿sa\yq´nIvkv (hymJym\ imkv{Xw). hymJym\Øn\p am¿§\n¿t±iw \¬Ip∂ {]amWßƒ°p ]d

bp∂ kt¶XnI ]Zw. CXv {]tXyI am¿§tcJIƒs°m∏w Hcp Ie/hcw IqSnbmWv. thZ]pkvXI

hymJym\imkv{Xw km[mcWbmbn c≠mbn hn`Pn°mw: s]mXp XXzßfpw {]tXyI XXzßfpw.

thZ]pkvXIØn¬ ImWp∂ hnhn[ XcØnep≈ kmlnXy cq]ßtfmSv Ch _‘s∏´ncn°p∂p.

Hmtcm hyXykvX cq]Øn\pw (P\v¿) AXns‚ am{Xamb am¿§tcJIfp≈t∏mƒ Xs∂ Ahbvs°√mw

s]mXpth _m[amIp∂ hymJym\ coXnIfpw {]{InbIfpap≠v.

d_n sblqZaXw (Rabbinical Judaism). sblqZ P\Øns‚ PohnXØnse Cu L´w _mt_¬ {]hmk

tØmsSbmWv Bcw`n®Xv (_n.kn. 586-˛538). ]ptcmlnX∑mcpsSbpw ssZhmebØns‚bpw kzm[o\w

C√mXmbtXmSpIqSn, {]mtZinI kn\tKmKv sblqZ PohnXØns‚ tI{μambn amdn. sblqZ kwkvImc

Øns‚bpw Iq´mbvabpsSbpw Bcm[\bpsSbpw thZ]pkvXI ]T\Øns‚bpw Cu tI{μßƒ tZiob

aXPohnXØns‚ {i≤mtI{μambn amdn. tbiphns‚ ImeØv Cu ""imkv{XnamcpsS aXw'' ]ptcmlnX

∑m¿°p kam¥cambnØo¿∂ncp∂p. F.Un. 70 se sbcqiteans‚ ]X\tØmsS ]coi∑m¿°v B[n

]Xyap≠mbncp∂ imkv{XnKWw sblqZ aXPohnXØns‚ Zni \n¿Æbn°p∂hcmbnØo¿∂p.

AXns‚ khntijX, hmsamgn ]mcºcyØn¬ (X¬aqZv) hniZoIcn®ncn°p∂ coXnbnep≈ tXmdbpsS

{]mtbmKnIhpw \nbahmZ]chpamb hymJym\amWv.

338

A\p_‘w \mev

hnizmk {]amW {]Jym]\w

hnizk {]Jym]\ßtfm {]amWßtfm Rm≥ Kuchambn IcpXmdn√. thZ]pkvXIsØ Dd∏n°p∂

Xn\mWp Rm≥ ap≥KW\ \¬Ip∂Xv. F¶nepw Fs∂ ]cnNban√mØh¿°v Fs‚ D]tZi]camb

ImgvN∏mSv hnebncpØp∂Xn\p≈ Hcp am¿§ambn hnizmk {]Jym]\w ]cnWan°psa∂p Rm≥ a\ n

em°p∂p. [mcmfw ssZhimkv{X {]amWßfpw h©\Ifpw D≈ \ΩpsS Cu ImeL´Øn¬ Fs‚

XntbmfPnbpsS Cu lrkz kw{Klw Rm\pw apt∂m´p hbv°p∂p.

1. ]gb \nbahpw ]pXnb \nbahpw ASßnb ss__nƒ, ssZh\nizmkobhpw, sX‰n°qSmØXpw,

\nXyhpamb ssZhhN\amWv. Aam\pjnI t\XrXzØn≥ Iogn¬ a\pjy¿ tcJs∏SpØnb ssZhØns‚

kzb shfn∏mSmWXv. ssZhsØbpw Ahs‚ Dt±iyßsfbpw Ipdn®p≈ hy‡amb kXysØ°pdn®v

\ap°p≈ GI hnhct{kmX mWXv. Ahs‚ k`bpsS hnizmkØn\pw BNcWØn\pw th≠nbp≈

GI t{kmX pw AXpXs∂.

2. \nXy\pw {kjvSmhpw hos≠Sp∏pImc\pamb GI ssZhap≠v. Ah≥ Zriyhpw AZriyhpamb

kIeØns‚bpw {kjvSmhmWv. Ah≥ kuay\pw \oXnam\pw Bbncn°ptºmƒ Xs∂ kvt\lhm\pw

IcpWbp≈h\pambn shfns∏´p. aq∂p hyXykvX BfXzßfn¬ Ah≥ Xs∂Øs∂ shfns∏SpØn:

]nXmhv, ]p{X≥, ]cnip≤mflmhv, bYm¿∞ambpw thdn´hcpw F∂m¬ kmcwiØn¬ kaXzap≈hcpw

BWv.

3. ssZhamWv temIØns‚ kPoh \nb{¥Ww. Ahs‚ krjvSnIsf kw_‘n®v am‰an√mØ Hcp

\nXy]≤Xnbpw At∏mƒ Xs∂ Hmtcm hy‡nsb°pdn®pap≈ {]tXyI ]≤Xnbpw Ah\p≠v hy‡nIsf

°pdn®p≈ ]≤Xn a\pjys‚ kzX{¥ CjvSw A\phZn°p∂XmWv. ssZhØns‚ Adnhpw A\phmZhpw

IqSmsX bmsXm∂pw kw`hn°p∂n√, F¶nepw Ah≥ ZqX∑m¿°pw a\pjy¿°pw hy‡n]camb Xncs™

Sp∏v A\phZn°p∂p≠v. tbip ]nXmhns‚ Xncs™Sp°s∏´ a\pjy\pw kIehpw Ah\n¬ Xncs™

Sp°s∏´pancn°p∂p. kw`hßsf kw_‘n®p≈ ssZhØns‚ ap∂dnhv a\pjys\ Hcn°epw ap∂ta

tcJs∏SpØs∏´ Hcp tcJbnte°v XcwXmgvØp∂n√. \mtamtcmcpØcpw \ΩpsS Nn¥Iƒ°pw {]hrØn

Iƒ°pw DØchmZnIfmWv.

4. a\pjyh¿§w, ssZhnI kmZriyØn¬ krjvSn°s∏´hcpw ]m]Øn¬ \n∂pw kzX{¥cpw Bbncp∂p

sh¶nepw ssZhØns\Xnsc a’cn°p∂Xp Xncs™SpØp. {]IrXymXoXamb Hcp a≤yh¿Ønbm¬

]co£n°s∏´psh¶nepw BZmapw lΔmbpw AhcpsS kzbXocpam\{]Imcap≈ kzbtI{μoIrXXzØn\v

DØchmZnIfmbncp∂p. AhcpsS adpXen∏v a\pjyh¿§sØbpw krjvSnsbbpw _m[n®p. \msa√mhcpw

BZmaneqsS ]¶nSs∏´ ]m]mhÿbv°pw \ΩpsS hy‡n]camb a\∏q¿Δ adpXen∏n\pw ssZhØns‚

IcpWbpw Ir]bpw Bhiyap≈hcmbncn°p∂p.

5. hoWp-t]mb a\p-jy-h¿§-Øns‚ ]m]-£-abv°pw bYmÿm]\Øn\pambn Hcp am¿§w ssZhw

Hcp°nbncn°p∂p. ssZhØns‚ AXpey]p{X\mb tbip{InkvXp Hcp a\pjy\mbnØo¿∂p, ]m]clnX

amb PohnXw \bn®p, Ahs‚ {]mb›nØ acWØneqsS a\pjyh¿§Øns‚ ]m]Øns‚ in£ A\p`

hn®p. ssZhhpambp≈ bYmÿm]\Øn\pw Iq´mbvabv°pap≈ GIhgn Ah\mWv. Ahs‚ ]q¿ØoIcn

°s∏´ {]hrØnbnep≈ hnizmkw IqSmsX c£bv°v as‰mcp am¿§hpan√.

6. \mtamcpØcpw hy‡n]cambn tbiphneqsS ssZhw hmKvZm\w sNøp∂ ]m]tamN\hpw bYmÿm

]\hpw kzoIcn°Ww. tbiphneqsSbp≈ ssZhnI hmKvZØßfn¬ a\∏q¿Δambn B{ibn°pIbpw

\ap°p t_m[yap≈ ]m]ßfn¬ \n∂pw a\∏q¿Δw ]n¥ncnbpIbpw sNøp∂XneqsSbmWnXp km[n°p∂Xv.

7. {InkvXphnep≈ \ΩpsS B{ibØns‚bpw ]m]Øn¬ \n∂p≈ am\km¥cØns‚bpw ASnÿm\

Øn¬ \msa√mhcpw ]q¿Æambn ]m]tamN\w {]m]n°pIbpw bYmÿm\s∏SpIbpw sNøp∂p. F¶nepw

Cu ]pXnb _‘Øns‚ sXfnhv cq]m¥cs∏´Xpw cq]m¥cs∏´psIm≠ncn°p∂Xpamb Hcp PohnXamWv.

\ΩpsS am\pjnImhÿ kw_‘n®p≈ ssZhØns‚ e£yw Hcp Znhkw kz¿§Øn¬ FØpI F∂Xp

am{Xa√, Ct∏mƒ {InkvXm\pcq]cmIpI F∂Xpw IqSnbmWv. bYm¿∞ambn hos≠Sp°s∏´h¿,

h√t∏mgpw ]m]w sNbvXmepw AhcpsS PohnXImew apgph\pw hnizmkØnepw am\km¥cØnepw

XpS¿∂psIm≠ncn°pw.

8. ]cnip≤mflmhv ""at‰ tbip'' BWv. \jvSs∏´hsc {InkvXphnte°p \bn°phm\pw c£n°s∏´

hcn¬ {InkvXp kmZriyw hnIkn∏n°p∂Xn\pambn Ah≥ temIØnep≠v. Bflmhns‚ hcßƒ c£bpsS

kabØp \¬Is∏Sp∂p. Ah tbiphns‚ PohnXhpw ip{iqjbpw Ahs‚ icocamb k`bv°p ]IpØp

sImSp°p∂XmWv. ASnÿm\]cambn tbiphns‚ at\m`mhhpw t{]cWIfpamb hcßƒ Bflmhns‚

339

^eØm¬ {]tNmZn∏n°s∏tS≠Xp≠v. ]cnip≤mflmhv thZ]pkvXI ImeL´Ønse∂t]mse \ΩpsS

ImeØpw kPoh{]h¿Ø\ØnemWv.

9. ]nXmhv, Dbn¿sØgpt∂‰ tbip{InkvXphns\ kIe PUØns‚bpw \ymbm[n]Xn B°nh®ncn

°p∂p. Ah≥ kIe a\pjyscbpw \ymbw hn[n∏m≥ `qanbnte°p aSßnhcpw. tbiphn¬ B{ibw

sh®hcpw Ip™mSns‚ ]pkvXIØn¬ t]scgpXs∏´hcpw Ahs‚ hchn¶¬ \nXyamb alXzoIcn°s∏´

icocw {]m]n°pw. Ah¿ Aht\mSpIqsS Ft∂°pw hkn°pw. F∂m¬ ssZhnI kXytØmSp {]XnIcn

°m≥ hnkΩXn®h¿ {XntbI ssZhhpambp≈ Iq´mbvabpsS kt¥mjØn¬ \n∂pw \nXyambn ]pd¥≈

s∏Spw. Ah¿ ]nimNnt\mSpw Ahs‚ ZqX∑mtcmSpsam∏w in£ hn[n°s∏Spw.

CXv Xo¿®bmbpw ]q¿ÆambtXm Iqe¶jambtXm A√, F¶nepw CXv Fs‚ lrZbØns‚

ssZhimkv{X CjvSßsf°pdn®p≈ Hcdnhp \nßƒ°p \¬Ipsa∂msWs‚ {]Xo£. Cu {]kvXmh\

Rm\njvSs∏Sp∂p.

"kmcmwiØn¬ ˛ sFIyX, _mlyambXn¬ ˛ kzmX{¥yw, k¿ΔØnepw ˛ kvt\lw.''

ae-bmfw ]cn-`mj: amXyp ]me-Øp-¶¬

the gospel according to paul: romans · 1]usemkv fgpxnb kphntijw: tdmamtej\w t_m_v d´ven...

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