SConnect with us: @globeandmail facebook.com/theglobeandmail linkedin.com/company/the-globe-and-mail

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (HDFFC|00001Y /c.rP R A I R I E E D I T I O N 6 FULL WEATHER FORECAST: PAGE 10

C A NA DA S NAT I O NA L N EW S PA P E R M O N DAY , M AY 1 8 , 2 0 1 5 globeandmail.com

Public-service unions are askingthe federal government for thefirst time to enshrine scientificintegrity language into their col-lective agreements.

The language is intended toensure that researchers employedby the government can speakopenly about their work, publishresults without fear of censorshipand collaborate with peers.

With contract negotiations setto resume this week, there willalso be a series of demonstrationsfor the Ottawa area on Tuesday tofocus attention on the issue.

If successful, the effort couldmark a precedent-setting turn inwhat the governments criticsportray as a struggle between in-tellectual independence and po-litical prerogative.

Our science members said tous: Whats more important thananything else is our ability to doour jobs as professionals, saidPeter Bleyer, an adviser with theProfessional Institute of the Pub-lic Service of Canada, whosemembership includes some15,000 scientists and engineers.

Government scientists havealways been vulnerable to thosewho hold the reins of power, buttensions have grown under theConservatives. After the Toriesenacted a wave of research pro-gram and facility cancellations in2012, stories began to emerge ofresearchers who were blockedfrom responding to mediarequests about their work.

CONTRACT NEGOTIATIONS

Federalscientists pushfor protectionfrom politicalinterference

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

IVAN SEMENIUK

SCIENCE REPORTER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Scientists, Page 2

Delima Saraghi stands at thefront of a Rangoon hotel con-ference room and looks over thewomen gathered to learn how torun an election in Myanmar.

I want to remind you again ofyour goal in a campaign whyyou even enter the election, whyyou even want to be a candidate.Which is to ?

She bends her ear toward themembers of 41 political partieswho have come from across thecountry, some riding buses fornearly a day, to prepare for anelection expected by earlyNovember; it will be a pivotalmoment in the development of anascent democracy.

When no one answers herquestion, she does it herself. Towin! she says. To emphasize thepoint, she scribbles Win in bigletters on a flip chart.

Then she sketches how thatsdone: research, fundraising, out-reach and a vote-counting plan.

ELECTION

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NATHAN VANDERKLIPPE

RANGOON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Myanmar votepromises to bea challenginglesson indemocracy

Myanmar, Page 11

INSIDE

Online advocacy Ideologically driven campaigns the latest crowdfunding twist PAGE 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The fall of Ramadi Iraqi security forces flee as Islamic State takes brutal control of city FOLIO, PAGES 6-7

HOCKEY

GOLD RUSHTeam Canada wrapped up a perfect tournament with an emphatic 6-1 victory over defending champion

Russia to capture the world hockey championship crown for the first time since 2007 GLOBE SPORTS

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nathan MacKinnon and Sidney Crosby, centre, celebrate with teammates after Canadas gold-medal victory over Russia. MARTIN ROSE/BONGARTS/GETTY IMAGES

In a 2009 documentary, MistyFaith Potts sits in a sun-drenched Alberta forest andspeaks confidently about thesafety of her home reserve. Badthings happen in the world, butnot here, says the aspiring PhDstudent in the film wanoraziyumneze, which is about theclash of industry and indigenousvalues. The creator will alwaysprotect us.

Six years later, in those samewoods, Ms. Pottss family andfriends are scouring the under-brush for any sign of the 37-year-old mother, once the academic

pride of her community, whohas been missing since March 14.

The disappearance of Ms. Pottsis both an addition and anexception to the more than 1,100case files that comprise the tallyof murdered and missing indige-nous women in Canada. Likeothers, her case involves a familysteeped in grief, a lapse intointoxicants and a missing-personinvestigation that has yieldedfew leads. But in the singularway she has toppled barriers tofemale indigenous success, Ms.Potts stands apart and her dis-appearance is all the more baf-fling for it.

We tend to reconcile these

tragedies as affecting disenfran-chised people, said professorStphane McLachlan, Ms. Pottssmasters thesis adviser at theUniversity of Manitoba. If thetragedy affects people like Misty,who have all this promise andopportunity to effect change, itjust shows that no one is safe.

Born and raised on Alexis Indi-an Reserve #133, 70 kilometresnorthwest of Edmonton, Ms.Potts grew up firmly rooted inher surroundings. Her fatherensured his daughters knewtheir way around a hunting rifleand other objects central toSioux life on the Prairies.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PATRICK WHITE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .MISSING AND

MURDERED

This story is part of an ongoing Globe and Mail investigation into the hundreds of missing and murdered indigenous women in Canada.

Searching for the lost

Missing, Page 4

Life full of promise vanishes without a trace

In another time, in another Ire-land, Rev. Martin Dolan might befacing excommunication at thevery least from the CatholicChurch. In January, he gave a ser-mon urging the congregation ofDublins Francis Street Parish tovote in favour of same-sex mar-riage in a looming referendum.

And then Father Martin went onto reveal that he was gay himself.

But in this rapidly changing Ire-

land, Father Martins announce-ment was greeted with a standingovation in this church, which isnestled between a laundromatand an antique store in Dublinsarts district. And on Sunday thepews were full and more worship-ers stood along the walls to hearFather Martin give mass, daysbefore Fridays referendum,which if the opinion polls areaccurate will see Irelandbecome the first country in theworld to legalize gay marriage via

a nationwide vote.That polls suggest 70 per cent of

Ireland is poised to vote in favourof same-sex unions is remarkableenough. That it seems ready to doso in defiance of the countrysbishops, who are urging a No voteto preserve what they say is a sa-cred definition of marriage, sug-gests that a quiet revolution hastaken place in this once staunchlyconservative land.

I will be enormously proud ofIreland if [the referendum] pass-

es, said Donal Mulligan, a lectur-er in the school of communi-cations at Dublin City Universitywho co-founded a website urgingpeople to vote Yes.

Some 84 per cent of Irish stillidentify themselves as Catholic,and almost half the country goesto mass every Sunday. But Fri-days vote feels very much like areferendum on the church andhow much influence it shouldhave in affairs of the state.

IRELAND

Irish support for same-sex marriage a questioning of faith

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MARK MacKINNON DUBLIN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ireland, Page 10

LITTLE LUXURIES

Sleek LittleNumbers

Tifany 1837interlocking circles pendant, $415.

T&CO.2

015

800 843 3269 | TIFFANY.COM

FINE OUTERWEAR SINCE 1815

Fur RestylingWe specialize in fur restyling

To see your furs true potential, view our

website at www.barringtons.ca and select

restyling and videos

PROMESSETWO-TONE, 30 MM

www.baume-et-mercier.com

SECUREDROP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

May 18, 1964 6 To a Britain where the Marlon Brando biker movie The Wild

One was still banned for fear it would incite juvenile delinquency, it must have

looked like teenage Armageddon. Hundreds of Mods and Rockers clashed at

seaside towns on the Whitsun weekend, a public holiday. Scooters and design-

er suits on one side, motorbikes and leather jackets on the other, an estimated

1,000 young people engaged in running battles with each other and with po-

lice in Brighton, and 400 in Margate. Scores were arrested. Newspapers would

scream panicky headlines: Battle of Brighton, Wild Ones beat up Margate.

Many of the people involved would later say they were just bored kids and the

disturbances were overblown by the media, but older Brits at the time saw

only teenage wasteland. The Mods and Rockers riots would be recreated years

later in the film Quadrophenia, based on The Whos rock opera.

Dave McGinn

ASSOCIATED PRESS

MOMENT IN TIME

Mods and Rockers clashon British beaches

TODAYS COLUMNISTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A2 S T H E G LO B E A N D M A I L M O N DAY , M AY 1 8 , 2 0 1 5

Get in touch with us moresecurely at tgam.ca/securedrop

For more photos, see our Moment In Time gallery at globeandmail.com

A digital subscription to The Globe and Mail gives you unlimited access to Canadas best business coverage

Breaking news and insightfulanalysis at globeandmail.com

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

GLOBEUNLIMITED

INSIDE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6 Health, Sudoku, Crossword,Facts & Arguments and Bridgecan be found in Life & Arts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6 Comics, Obituaries in Globe Sports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6 Editorial & Comment, Letters,How to Reach Us and Weather at the back of the News section

From Britain to France to Canada,world leaders and their anti-ter-ror narratives reaffirm that feartakes precedence over liberty.Comment, Page 9

ELIZABETH RENZETTI

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Though its certainly good newsfor the NDP, the partys gains inAlberta dont guarantee a loom-ing nationwide orange crush.News, Page 4

CAMPBELL CLARK

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

There are two dominant theorieswhen it comes to why Canadiansare hooked on debt: Either werereally smart, or rather dim.Report on Business, Page 7

IAN McGUGAN

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Proposed sections for a newcollective agreement put for-

ward by the union include a pro-vision that members have a rightto express themselves on matterspertaining to science and theirown research as long as theymake it clear that they arespeaking in their personal capaci-ty and not on behalf of theGovernment of Canada.

Stephanie Rea, spokespersonfor the Treasury Board, said thegovernment could not commenton the substance of the proposalsunder negotiation.

In recent years, journalists haveobserved a marked change intheir ability to access federal sci-entists in Canada. The restric-tions upend the customaryprotocol for speaking to scientistsabout their published research.

Whenever a scientific studyappears in a major peer-reviewedjournal, it is common practice forthe journal to identify a corre-sponding author who can speakto the media about the results ofthe study. But should a corre-sponding author happen to workfor the Canadian government,the scientist is compelled todirect all inquires to media rela-tions specialists in Ottawa whomay or may not grant the scien-tist permission to speak.

The process complicates anddelays interactions between jour-nalists and federal researchers toa degree that is entirely unlikewhat happens with universityresearchers or, for the most part,with scientists who work for theU.S. government.

For example, last year the fed-eral government declined toallow The Globe and Mail tospeak to any Environment Cana-da researchers who were listed asauthors on the UN Intergovern-mental Panel on Climate ChangeFifth Assessment Report. In con-trast, the U.S. National Center forAtmospheric Research sent out ageneral release with the names,phone numbers and e-mail ad-dresses of its scientist authors.

The onerous communicationsprotocols apply even for storiesabout scientific advancementsthat are likely to reflect positivelyon the federal government. Lastmonth, after it was announcedthat Canada would become apartner in the Thirty Meter Tele-scope, The Globe and Mail had toappeal to the Prime MinistersOffice to facilitate an interviewwith the National Research Coun-cil astronomer leading the devel-opment of the telescopessophisticated adaptive-optics sys-tem.

Last fall, the science advocacygroup Evidence for Democracyreleased an assessment of sciencecommunication policies acrossthe federal government andfound that, over all, those poli-cies do not support open com-munication between scientistsand the public. Furthermore,those departments and agencieswith somewhat better policiesthan others often failed to imple-ment them.

The end result, said KatieGibbs, the groups executivedirector, is a culture of message

control in which government sci-entists including those involvedin environmental monitoring orhealth and safety are increas-ingly inclined to avoid contactwith the public or the media outof fear of reprisals if they arequoted on their areas of exper-tise.

It is now so ingrained that inaddition to outright censorship,were also seeing self-censorship,she said. She added that it wouldlikely take a bold step forgovernment scientists to feelthey can speak freely again,regardless of which party holdspower in Parliament. Explicitprotections for scientists throughtheir collective agreements couldrepresent such a step.

In addition to language enabling open communication,proposals made by PIPSC duringthe current bargaining round in-clude a request for provisionsthat would protect governmentresearchers from coercion to altertheir data or prohibit policy-mak-ers from knowingly misinterpret-ing scientists findings. Theunions are also seeking guaran-tees that researchers can attendscientific meetings to interactwith peers outside of the federalgovernment.

Federal Information Commis-sioner Suzanne Legault is cur-rently conducting an investi-gation into complaints that sci-entists have been muzzled by theConservative government.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

With a report from Erin Anderssenin Ottawa

FROM PAGE 1

Scientists: Protections would be a bold step. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9

T H E G LO B E A N D M A I L M O N DAY , M AY 1 8 , 2 0 1 5 S A3NEWS

Facing a $135,000 (U.S.) finefrom the state of Oregon forrefusing to bake a wedding cakefor a lesbian couple, Aaron Kleindidnt pay much attention at firstto an online collection drive thatanother Portland business ownerhad started to support him.

That was until he found outthat, just a few hours after itlaunched, the fundraising efforthad collected roughly $70,000.

Obviously it gained tractionvery, very quickly, said Mr. Klein,who runs a cake shop with hiswife Melissa near Portland. TheKleins have been at the centre ofone of the states most high-pro-file showdowns over gay rights,after they refused to serve a lesbi-an couple on the grounds that gaymarriage violates their religiousbeliefs.

It was amazing to watch theoutreach from people just saying,Hey, we dont agree with whatsgoing on with you guys, and put-ting money into this thing to helpus out.

Mr. Kleins case and dozens ofothers like it illustrate a new andhighly effective method of politi-cal speech in the United States:crowdfunding.

Initially founded as a means forindividuals to finance small pas-sion projects everything fromdress-making to independent vid-eo games crowdfunding has tak-en on a different, far morecontroversial side. As commun-ities across the U.S. grapple with anumber of deeply polarizingissues, crowdfunding hasemerged as a proxy platform forthe culture wars. Rather than taketo the streets or petition theirelected representatives, a growingnumber of people are optinginstead to express politicallycharged opinions via digital dona-tions.

The rapid adoption of crowd-funding comes at a time whenmany of the most contentiousissues in American society havespawned a narrative of perceivedpolitical persecution. From sup-porters of police officers accusedof killing an unarmed man in Bal-timore to backers of the Kleinfamilys bakery in Portland, many(mostly right-wing, conservative)activists argue that they are beingunfairly punished for expressingtheir beliefs.

As such, some are turning tocrowdfunding which, as a form ofpolitical expression, differs great-ly from most traditional methods.For one thing, it can be relativelyanonymous. In the case of myriadcampaigns set up to support copsaccused of killing unarmed civil-

ians, the majority of donationscome from individuals whochoose to keep their identitiessecret.

Crowdfunding is also a border-less medium, allowing a florist inWashington State, for example, toreceive more than $150,000 indonations from all over the coun-try in support of the business de-cision not to serve gay customers.

But perhaps most importantly,crowdfunding is inherently social.Donors can leave comments onthe campaigns Web page, andthey can share links to that cam-paign on all forms of social media.As such, the goal of many politi-cally driven crowdfunding cam-paigns is, above all else, exposure.

Crowdfunding is not necessari-ly about money, but about brand-ing, says Sherwood Neiss, who isa principal of Crowdfund CapitalAdvisors, a consultancy firm thatspecializes in crowdfunding.Whenever someone supportsthese campaigns, theyre givingthem more marketing presence.Thats what [the campaign orga-nizers] are trying to accomplish.

Crowdfundings major debut asa platform for ideological activ-ism came late last year, after Dar-ren Wilson, a white police officerin Ferguson, Mo., shot and killedunarmed black teenager MichaelBrown. The killing, for which Mr.Wilson has never been charged,caused cataclysmic proteststhroughout the country. But inthe digital sphere, something elsewas happening.

In the aftermath of the shoot-ing, an anonymous Internet user,believed to be a teenaged girl,decided to set up a crowdfundingpage to solicit donations for Mr.Wilson. It was one of several Fer-guson-related campaigns thatpopped up around the same time,including one for the family of Mr.Brown.

But nothing generated as muchmoney as the campaign in sup-port of Mr. Wilson. Expecting toraise a few hundred dollars, theperson who started the fundinstead found themselves sittingon nearly a quarter-million dol-lars.

As the campaign exploded, sodid the attention that surroundedit. Thousands of people signedmyriad petitions demanding thecampaign be shut down, whileothers came to its defence.

Today, almost all major cam-paigns related to Ferguson havebeen shut down either becausethey violated the crowdfundingsites terms of service or becausethe campaign creators are tryingto figure out the tax and legalimplications of hundreds of thou-sands of dollars in donations.

At the same time, the crowd-funding sites are struggling to un-derstand the usage of a platforminitially intended to help peoplepay for CD pressings and pet sur-geries.

Much like the companies thatrun sites such as YouTube, thecreators of crowdfunding sites aredoubly reluctant to shut down all

politically motivated content. Forone thing, sites such as Indiegogoand GoFundMe two of the mostpopular platforms for such cam-paigns take a cut of the moneyraised from virtually all cam-paigns. But more importantly, thesites are loath to monitor everysingle campaign posted on theirplatforms, looking for anythingthat may offend.

Instead, some of the biggestcrowdfunding sites have tried torewrite their terms of service toallow them to ban just about any-thing that proves troublesome.

GoFundMes terms and condi-tions, updated late last year in themidst of the outcry over theMichael Brown shooting, pro-vides a clear example of howtricky that can be. Hoping to riditself of a number of headaches atonce, the site issued a list of topicsthat were off-limits.

Those changes now allow thesite to nip many potentially con-troversial campaigns in the budbefore they get out of hand. Forexample, the site recently shutdown an effort to raise money forthe Baltimore police officersaccused of killing Freddie Gray.

GoFundMe cannot be used tobenefit those who are chargedwith serious violations of thelaw, said Kelsea Little, the sitesmedia director.

Some polarizing campaigns,however, still thrive. Contentiousas it is, ideological crowdfundingis quickly becoming a mainstay ofpolitical speech.

DIGITAL ACTIVISM

Crowdfunded ideology risingBackers of controversial causes learn to get online community to put money where their beliefs are

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

OMAR EL AKKAD

PORTLAND, ORE.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sweet Cakes co-owner Melissa Klein and her husband got huge online financial support after being fined $135,000(U.S.) by the state of Oregon for refusing to bake a cake for a lesbian couple. EVERTON BAILEY JR./THE OREGONIAN VIA AP

A shootout among rival bikergangs and police at a popularTexas restaurant left nine peopledead and 18 others injured, send-ing panicked patrons fleeing forsafety, a police spokesman saidSunday.

The violence erupted shortlyafter noon at a busy Waco mar-ketplace along Interstate 35 thatdraws a large lunchtime crowd.Waco police Sergeant W. PatrickSwanton said eight people diedat the scene of the shooting atTwin Peaks restaurant and anoth-er person died in hospital. Hetold the Waco Tribune-Heraldthat the nine killed were allmembers of biker gangs.

Another 18 people were takento hospitals with injuries that in-clude stab and gunshot wounds.Some victims are being treatedfor both, he said.

There are still bodies on thescene of the parking lot at TwinPeaks, he said. There are bodiesthat are scattered throughout theparking lot of the next adjoiningbusiness.

A scene photo showed dozensof motorcycles parked in a lot.Among the bikes, three peoplewearing what appeared to be bik-er jackets were on the ground,two on their backs and one face-down. Police were standing a fewfeet away and several other peo-ple wearing biker jackets werestanding or sitting nearby.

Sgt. Swanton said police wereaware in advance that at leastthree rival gangs would be gath-ering at the restaurant and atleast 12 Waco officers in additionto state troopers were at the res-taurant when the fight began.

When the shooting started inthe restaurant and continuedoutside, armed bikers were shotby officers, Swanton said, addingthat the actions of law enforce-ment prevented further deaths. Itwas not known if any of the ninedead were killed by police.

Its not known what triggeredthe violence but Sgt. Swantonand McLennan County DistrictAttorney Abel Reyna said ten-sions had simmered among rivalgangs for months.

Apparently the management[of Twin Peaks] wanted themhere and so we didnt have anysay-so on whether they could behere or not, Sgt. Swanton said.

The fight inside the restaurantbegan when punches werethrown and quickly escalated,Sgt. Swanton said.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The Associated Press

WACO

Nine killed in Texasbike-gangshootout

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NOMAAN MERCHANT WACO, TEX.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

U.S., EU denounce

Morsi sentence

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Brussels The United States ex-pressed alarm Sunday at thedeath sentence handed downagainst Egypts ousted presidentMohamed Morsi and at least 100others saying it has consistentlyspoken out against the practiceof mass trials and sentences.

The European Union alsodenounced the sentence, notingthe penalty stemmed from aflawed trial.

The court decision to seek thedeath penalty was taken at theend of a mass trial that was notin line with Egypts obligationsunder international law, said theEUs top diplomat FedericaMogherini in a statement. Staff with reports from AFP

Burundis president seen after failed coup

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bujumbura, Burundi Burundian President Pierre Nkurunziza onSunday made his first public appearance in the capital Bujumburasince an attempted coup last week failed to oust him, warning of athreat posed by Islamist militants from Somalia.

At a news conference, Mr. Nkurunziza, who has not been seen in thecapital for days, did not address the crisis in his country but said hewas very preoccupied by the threat posed by the al-Qaeda-linkedmilitant group al-Shabaab. Reuters

Air strikes resume

in southern Yemen

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sanaa, Yemen Saudi-led coali-tion air strikes resumed againstrebel positions in Yemens southafter a five-day ceasefire expiredlate Sunday, despite a UN envoyscalls for an extension of thetruce.

The humanitarian ceasefirethat began late on Tuesdayexpired on Sunday with no wordfrom the coalition, which hadrepeatedly accused the rebels ofviolations, on where the trucestands.

An hour after the deadline, airraids hit the rebel-held presiden-tial palace in main southern cityAden as well as a base of the pro-rebel special forces in the samecity, military officials and wit-nesses said. Agence France-Presse

Two Russians seized

by Ukraine fighters

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Kiev, Ukraine The Ukrainiangovernment on Sunday claimedto have captured two Russian of-ficers who were operating in therebel-controlled area.

Ukrainian military spokesmanAndriy Lysenko said on Sundaythe two Russian officers havebeen taken prisoner by the vol-unteer Aidar battalion in thetown of Shchastya, not far fromthe front line. He would not pro-vide further details and saidinvestigators were questioningthe men.

Aidar said on its Facebook pagethat the two officers werewounded and taken captive in askirmish in the area early onSunday.

Shchastya has repeatedlychanged hands throughout theconflict. Associated Press

WORLD DIGEST. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pierre Nkurunziza. GORAN TOMASEVIC/REUTERS

A4 S T H E G LO B E A N D M A I L M O N DAY , M AY 1 8 , 2 0 1 5 NEWS

in Ontario, the province with athird of the countrys seats.

Thats cool water on the ideathe NDP is catching fire fromcoast to coast since Rachel Not-leys Alberta New Democratsswept to victory two weeks ago.Another poll last week placedThomas Mulcairs federal NDP insecond place, leading one news-paper to suggest the Alberta elec-tion had changed everything.

Mr. Mulcair has been quick tofeed the idea. We did it in Quebecin 2011, we did it in Alberta lastweek, and well do it from coast tocoast on Oct. 19, he told a crowdin Victoria on Thursday.

You can hardly blame him. TheNDP complained for two yearsthat Liberal Leader Justin Tru-deau had usurped the attentionthat rightfully belonged to themas Official Opposition. Now, Mr.Mulcair can say he has the star-dust of political momentum.Angry Tom is now Smiling Tom.

But the Nanos survey suggests

Doing well in politics is a mes-sage in itself. Ask the NDP.Theyre on a roll, and telling ev-erybody wholl listen.

Suddenly, after Alberta, therestalk of the NDP catching a thirdorange wave, this time across thecountry. But the hype about amonster surge is likely to be most-ly mirage. The partys real suc-cesses are coming in smallerways.

A Nanos Research poll suggestsjust that: the New Democratsfirmly in third place in the federalrace. And the poll finds the NDPhasnt shaken its biggest prob-lem: It is significantly off the pace

its too soon to count on a wave.The NDP is at 25.3 per cent, sixpercentage points behind the Lib-erals, at 31.3 per cent. The Conser-vatives are at 32.8 per cent. TheNDP are improving, but theyrestill clearly in third place, poll-ster Nik Nanos said.

In Ontario, the NDP remains adistant third, with 19 per cent. Therace in the biggest province is stillmainly between the Conserva-tives, the choice of 39.3 per cent ofdecided voters, and the Liberals,with 35.3 per cent.

That points to the NDPs nag-ging problem: Its struggling toappeal to suburban Ontariovoters, and scratch its way intothe race for dozens and dozens ofsuburban Southern Ontario seatsup for grabs in Octobers election,especially in the outer GTA. Andits hard to imagine any partywinning power without winningthere.

There have been other polls.Ekos and Forum both found a

tightening three-way race lastweek. Ekos had the NDP surginginto second, not because of Alber-ta, but because a one-week jumpof eight percentage points in On-tario the sort of sudden swingrarely seen outside election cam-paigns. (The Ekos and Forumpolls were both automated, inter-active-voice-response surveys.The Nanos poll is a telephone sur-vey of 1,000 Canadians, with amargin of error of 3.1 percentagepoints, 19 times out of 20.)

But while the NDP is touting awave, its successes have come ininches.

The party is at or near the top inevery poll in Quebec, which iscrucial because 54 of its 94 seatscome from the province. Its in athree-way race in B.C. In Alberta,it hasnt suddenly surged, but hadgradually gained over months,and is now in second place. Mr.Mulcairs ratings as potential PMhave inched up over the spring(21 per cent now say hed make

the best prime minister) whileMr. Trudeaus slipped (28.3 percent pick him as best PM), accord-ing to Nanoss polling. And rightnow, Nanos finds, more peoplewould consider voting NDP (47per cent) than at any point in thepast year.

And New Democrats have alsofound some little wedge issues.Both NDP and Liberal MPs say Mr.Mulcairs opposition to Bill C-51,the Conservative legislation to in-crease spy-agency powers, helpedthe NDP win over left-leaningvoters turned off by Mr. Trudeausfence-sitting.

That still doesnt add up to anorange crush. But it is a reason forMr. Mulcair to smile. At the least,one NDP MP said this week, thesense of momentum counters theperennial Liberal argument thatonly the Grits can defeat the Con-servatives and take power. Its aconfidence thing, the MP said. Soeven if the notion of a wave isoverblown, theyll rush to sell it.

POLITICS

NDP eager to sell orange wave image, even if its a mirage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

How many PhDs does it taketo figure out if the PhDdegree should survive? Hun-dreds.

Thats the number of academ-ics, current and aspiring, attend-ing a conference at MontrealsMcGill University this week thatwill propose transforming grad-uate school.

Maybe 15 to 20 per cent ofpeople who enter PhDs get full-time academic work. Thats a re-markably poor showing. Itmeans that students who com-plete PhDs and put themselveson the academic job marketand dont get academic jobs feellike failures, said Paul Yachnin,the director of the Institute forthe Public Life of Arts andIdeas, which organized theevent.

The Shakespeare specialistsays those numbers show thatuniversities must prepare stu-dents for life outside the ivorytower.

That could mean everythingfrom offering internships forbudding philosophers to encou-raging working in teams and re-thinking some of therequirements of a doctoraldegree.

Students arent waiting to takeaction. Sarah Saska, a PhD stu-dent in the department of wom-ens studies and feministresearch at the University ofWestern Ontario in London, re-structured her own degree.

I knew that I never wanted tobecome a professor, that I want-ed to leverage research into thereal world. I put out a call tocommunity groups and non-profits: Here are my areas ofinterest. Here are my skills. Imoffering 3,500 hours ofresearch, she said.

The Match, Canadas interna-tional womens granting fund,took her up on it, and Ms. Sas-ka went on to win researchgrants for her project.

I went outside of [the univer-sity]. I was out there hustling,doing things in very unorthodox

ways. I took a very entrepreneu-rial approach to the PhD.

This month, Ms. Saska, whohas started a company thatlooks at the impact of genderon social innovation, will be apanelist at Western on careersoutside the academy.

Institutions are still grapplingwith the idea that unconven-tional approaches can lead tooriginal scholarship, said Alejan-dro Adem, the CEO of Mitacs, anational not-for-profit thatfunds internships for PhD stu-dents and postdoctoral research-ers. Mitacs awarded Ms. Saskatwo grants.

Many of our departmentshave emphasized the culture ofpure research and teaching, so it

is hard to get attention and sup-port to pursue these experien-tial opportunities, Dr. Ademsaid.

A substantial number of stu-dents who pursue PhDs are notplanning on a life of scholar-ship. Half of students with anMA who were polled in Statis-tics Canadas National GraduatesSurvey said they continue withdoctoral courses because theywant to become professors. Butone-quarter are looking for jobsoutside universities, and one insix want to start their own busi-ness.

Years inside the system mayhave made some academicsunaware of how student aspira-tions and the labour market

have changed, said SheilaEmbleton, a linguistics professorat York University and a formervice-president at the university.

Professors are skeptical. Theydont believe that its really,really bad. They think its prettybad. But everyone thinks theirpeople will make it through,Dr. Embleton said.

Some professors have seen thestatistics play out among theirown students and have moreradical recommendations. Earli-er this month, University ofOttawa philosophy professorPaul Forster wrote an essay inUniversity Affairs magazinearguing for a revolution, notreform. Shrink graduate studies,he said.

Big programs are seen asgood programs. Im not surethats true, he said.

Dr. Forster says he was a bittaken aback by the onlinedebate the essay provoked. Idont think of myself as a publicintellectual, he said.

McGills Dr. Yachnin believeschange will happen incremen-tally. He plans to bring PhDgraduates who are working out-side academia back to theMcGill campus and otherschools to co-teach courses for aweek or two.

Its non-confrontational. Itsseeding the academic commun-ity with people who have theirroots in the academic commun-ity in order to change it.

UNIVERSITIES

Propelling PhDs beyond the ivory towerAcademics will gather this week in Montreal to discuss doctoral students job prospects and the need for reform or a revolution

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sarah Saska, a PhD student at the University of Western Ontario, took it upon herself to restructure her degree. MATTHEW SHERWOOD FOR THE GLOBE AND MAIL

SIMONA CHIOSE

EDUCATION REPORTER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

In some of the culturesaround us, they treat women

like second-class citizens, saidEva Potts, Mistys sister. Theydont let women drum or huntor sweat. We did all that. My dadtaught us that were powerful,that were sacred, that womenwere the decision-makers untilEuropeans dismantled our wayof life. Thus empowered, Ms.Potts soared through school andleft the reserve to pursue envi-ronmental sciences at the Uni-versity of Manitoba.

In a 107-page thesis on how in-dustrial activity has disturbedtraditional ways of life in herhometown, Ms. Potts laid out herfamily history in the area anddenounced the oppression offemale indigenous voices.[W]hen we speak out or voiceour opinion, we are labelledbitch, power hungry and con-trolling, she wrote of the gen-der power-balance in Alexis andbeyond. When a man partici-pates actively and shows initia-tive he is a leader, strong,outspoken and a defender of

our rights. During her thesis defence in

2010, Ms. Potts skipped the usualcombination of tedious Power-Point and detached analysis for30 minutes of singing and drum-ming. Her examiners were awe-struck. She broke the mouldaround masters research, Prof.McLachlan said. Other indige-nous students have since usedher thesis and the way she pre-sented it as a model.

She later taught at YellowheadTribal College in Alberta andworked on various environmen-tal projects as a liaison betweenoutside researchers and localelders and harvesters. But in2011, a brother died and her mar-riage began unravelling. She fellapart, said Eva Potts, whoencouraged her sister unsuc-cessfully to enter rehabilitationfor substance abuse.

More recently, she returned toWinnipeg to find work andspend time with her ex-husbandand their son, Gabriel, accordingto family. When things didntwork out, she agreed to come

back to Alexis and enter a sub-stance-abuse program. The fami-ly was working out the rehabpaperwork when Misty disap-peared with a friend in mid-March. Tips have poured in tothe family ever since, some say-ing she was headed to Edmon-ton, another saying her body hadbeen dumped in a landfill.Exhaustive searches have turnedup nothing. We heard from peo-ple who said she wanted us toleave her alone, her sister said.I thought that must be thedrugs talking. We thought shedcome home when she was out ofmoney.

They filed a missing-personreport on March 30. Police aresoliciting leads throughout West-ern Canada, according to AlbertaRCMP Inspector Gibson Glavin.

Among family and friends,there is a building sense of des-peration. With all the awarenessaround this larger tragedy takingplace with indigenous womenacross Canada, Prof. McLachlansaid, people are worried andscared, but still hopeful.

FROM PAGE 1

Missing: Potts defended her masters thesis with singing and drumming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Misty Potts decried the oppression of female indigenous voices. FAMILY PHOTO

9

CAMPBELL CLARKcclark@globeandmail.com

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

T H E G LO B E A N D M A I L M O N DAY , M AY 1 8 , 2 0 1 5 S A5NEWS

Dry conditions fuel

massive B.C. wildfire

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Prince George, B.C. A large fireraging in British Columbias Cen-tral Interior has grown dramati-cally over a 24-hour period,reversing some of the progressachieved by crews struggling tocontain the aggressive blaze. TheLittle Bobtail Lake fire southwestof Prince George has balloonedmore than 40 per cent since Sat-urday, from 170 square kilo-metres to 240 square kilometres.

The increase was in large partattributed to unseasonably dryconditions in the region andheavy winds, with gusts peakingat 50 kilometres per hour, saidMelissa Klassen, a fire informa-tion officer with the provincesWildfire Management Branch.

We had 20-per-cent contain-ment as of Saturday morning,she said, but by Sunday crewshad lost part of that headway.

The area that was looking real-ly good, the area that weve madea lot of progress in over the lastcouple of days, unfortunately, isone of the areas where the firebroached the fire line.

More than 300 personnel areon the scene in the Little BobtailLake area, with 270 firefighters, 13helicopters, 22 pieces of heavyequipment and eight air tankersbrought in to battle the blaze.

The flames have forced theevacuation of about 80 peopleliving around Norman Lake andBobtail Lake, while neighbouringresidents around Bednesti Lakeand Cluculz Lake have been puton evacuation alert. So far nobuildings have been damaged.

The RCMP said they believe thefire was human caused and havepinpointed where the blazebegan, though investigations arestill under way to determine itsexact cause. The Canadian Press. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Suit seeks damages

against Omar Khadr

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Toronto The widow of anAmerican special forces soldierkilled in Afghanistan and anoth-er soldier partly blinded by ahand grenade have moved tofinalize a default civil-suit judg-ment against former Guantana-mo Bay prisoner Omar Khadr.

Court documents filed in UtahApril 24 show the plaintiffs areasking the courts to award themtriple damages for a total of$134.1-million (U.S.). Lawyer Lau-ra Tanner, who representsTabitha Speer and Layne Morris,said in an interview she would befiling a final order for the federaljudge to review and sign withindays. Once that happens finalword on damages would be up tothe judge the families canmove to have the judgmentenforced against Khadr, 28, in aCanadian court.

In their lawsuit, Ms. Speer andMr. Morris allege Mr. Khadr, then15, was responsible for the deathof Sergeant Christopher Speerand Mr. Morriss injuries in Af-ghanistan in July, 2002. The suitleans heavily on Mr. Khadrsguilty plea to five war crimesbefore a widely maligned U.S.military commission in Guanta-namo Bay in October, 2010.

Mr. Khadrs lawyer Nate Whit-ling called it unfortunate hisclient was unable to retain a law-yer in Utah to defend against asuit he said has no legal merit. The Canadian Press. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hundreds respond

to liver donor appeal

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Toronto With more than 500people offering to give part oftheir liver to Ottawa Senatorsowner Eugene Melnyk, one of hisdoctors is now saying he couldundergo surgery by the end ofthis week.

Dr. Atul Humar, Director of theMulti-Organ Transplant Programat Toronto General Hospital, saidthere has been a huge responseto Mr. Melnyks urgent publicappeal for a liver transplant.

The Senators announced onSaturday that more than 12 can-didates have been identified andselected to go through the donorscreening process. The candi-dates are all at different stages ofthat process.

Mr. Melnyk, 55, was admitted tohospital three weeks ago due tothe onset of liver-related comp-lications. His condition is consid-ered critical. Mr. Melnyk hadbeen reluctant to make a publicappeal, but loved ones persuadedhim to reach out for a potentialdonor after members of his fami-ly were found not to be suitable. The Canadian Press

NATIONALDIGEST. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A senior aboriginal leader in Brit-ish Columbia says First Nationswill continue to oppose oil andgas developments in the prov-ince even if it means rejectingbillion-dollar payouts as long asenvironmental protections arenot guaranteed.

Setting a high if not impossi-ble bar for corporations such asPacific NorthWest LNG, which istrying to move ahead with a liq-uefied natural gas terminal,Grand Chief Stewart Phillip said acommunity vote to reject the de-velopment was a clear sign thatboth business and governmentmust reject their gold rush men-tality for a more sustainableapproach.

Our elders remind us thatmoney is like so much dust thatis quickly blown away in thewind, said Chief Phillip, but theland is forever.

Last week, the Lax KwalaamsFirst Nation released the finaltally of three votes in whichmembers overwhelmingly reject-ed a more-than-$1-billion offer inmoney and Crown land inexchange for supporting a natu-ral gas terminal.

The First Nation has arguedthat the project is not environ-mentally sound and, in particu-lar, would endanger the habitatof juvenile salmon in Flora Bank,which falls on their traditionalterritory. The package, which in-cluded $1-billion in cash deliv-ered over 40 years, and$108-million in land would haveamounted to roughly $320,000for each member.

The traditional way of life ofthe Lax Kwalaams people and,most importantly, the delicatemarine ecosystem that upholds,and has upheld their culture forthousands of years, is not forsale, he said.

He called the vote a proudmoment, an informed decisionthat came about only after themembers sought expert adviceon the environmental risks. Hestressed that this is not merelyan indigenous issue. The FirstNations are also speaking, hesaid, for British Columbians whoare not willing to accept any un-necessary risks for the interestsof transnational corporationsand their profits.

The Lax Kwalaams are con-cerned that construction of theLNG project would harm salmonhabitat that has become centralto the bands culture and eco-nomic identity and even thepromise of so much money couldnot offset the potential of perma-nent damage to the resource.There is no reparation after thefact, Chief Phillip said, citing theirreparable harm from other dis-asters such as the Exxon Valdeztanker spill.

He also criticized the federalgovernment for cuts to environ-mental agencies and an erosionof environmental standards, andaccused Ottawa of silencing itsown scientists. At the end of theday, it is a battle that has pittedthe economy against the envi-ronment, and oil against water.

Following last weeks vote, Pacific Northwest LNG said project leader Petronas and itsfive Asian partners are willing to consider changes to the pro-posal.

The band has said it is open toLNG, but only under the rightconditions. Asked what would berequired to win approval forthese kinds of projects, ChiefPhillip said governments andbusinesses need to be more dem-ocratic in their approach, andmore environmental in their priorities. Until then, hesaid, the answer will continue tobe no.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

LNG billions can never suffice, Grand Chief vowsBy rejecting B.C. gas-terminal cash, First Nations seen siding with environment over gold rush mentality

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ERIN ANDERSSEN OTTAWA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

OTTAWA

Tiptoeing through the Tulip Festival. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ottawa was awash in tulips and shutterbugs on Sunday as the brilliant blossoms were celebrated with the annual Canadian Tulip Festival. The tradition ofplanting these cheerful flowers has its origins in the Second World War, during which Canada sheltered members of the Dutch Royal Family. Since 1945,every year the Netherlands has sent thousands of bulbs to Canada as an expression of thanks and friendship. The National Capital Commission reports itplants close to 100 different types of tulips in approximately 30 locations and 100 flower beds. JUSTIN TANG/THE CANADIAN PRESS

Look at photos of overseas trademissions in recent years andyoull see the same thing: mostlymen in dark suits, grinning forthe cameras. But one trip boundfor Brazil this weekend is lookingto change the image.

Status of Women Minister KellieLeitch is leading the first-evertrade mission exclusively for Ca-nadian businesswomen.

Ten women including physi-cians, vice-presidents of Lock-heed Martin and BlackBerry andthe head of a major Alberta eggfarm will join Ms. Leitch on thethree-day trip to Sao Paulo.

We have to create this phe-nomenon that its ordinary forwomen to be in these roles and itis ordinary to work for a womanwho is in these roles, she said inan interview. And I think thatsvery powerful and thats whatwere doing.

The trip is the latest in a seriesof initiatives led by Ms. Leitch,who is also the Minister ofLabour, that seeks to broaden thefocus of Status of Women beyondits four-decades-only functionprimarily as a granting agency ofthe government.

The 2015 budget contained apledge to rewrite the rules toforce publicly listed companies toget more women on their boardsor explain why they cant andalso a commitment to supportingmore mentorship and businessopportunities for female entre-preneurs, though no money wasannounced. A project to get morewomen involved in the skilledtrades is also in the works.

My agency would say these arenon-traditional roles for women,

Ms. Leitch said. My father saysthey are just good jobs.

In 2009, the word womanwasnt even mentioned in thebudget. The following year,things began to change, with theappointment of Rona Ambrose tothe head of the portfolio.

Ms. Ambrose said she neverthought shed be advocating forwomen in the corporate sector;her background was workingwith disadvantaged communitiesand she didnt consider execu-tives to be part of that group. Butas she began to be presented withresearch about why womenwerent joining more corporateboards, she grew angry, she said.

I became infuriated with thisidea that there are no women inthe pipeline that are goodenough to sit on a corporateboard in Canada, and that itssomehow tokenism and theresno argument for good businesshere.

Ms. Ambrose received the bless-ing of former finance ministerJim Flaherty to take on the issue,but quickly realized givingspeeches wasnt good enough. It has to be in the budget,because it has to be an economicmessage.

She went back to Mr. Flahertyand the 2012 budget announcedthe creation of an advisory coun-cil to promote the participationof women on corporate boards.

The panel didnt get up andrunning until 2013. That summer,Ms. Leitch took over the portfolio.The panels subsequent report,released in 2014, laid the ground-work for many of the projects Ms. Leitch now has on the go. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The Canadian Press

BUSINESS

Kellie Leitch to lead firstall-female trade mission. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

STEPHANIE LEVITZ OTTAWA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Perhaps theyll call it Ingalangait-tuqsiurvik an Inuit word mean-ing standing in an elevatedplace where you can see far dis-tances.

Thats one of the names sug-gested for a proposed Inuit uni-versity, an old Arctic dream thatsgetting a renewed push due tocorporate money and a recentreport that sketches out whatCanadas northernmost academicinstitution could look like.

Theres certainly a lot more in-terest in it, said Peter Ma, Nuna-vuts deputy education minister.Its all across the board in theterritory and elsewhere.

Canada is the only Arcticnation that doesnt have a uni-versity in its northern regionsand the idea has been talkedabout at least since 2007. Que-bec-based mining company Agni-co Eagle, which operates a goldmine in Nunavut, recently of-fered the territory $5-million tostart one up.

Its obvious theres a pressingneed, said Terry Audla, head ofInuit Tapiriit Kanatami, the Ca-nadian branch of the internation-al Inuit organization.

In April, Mr. Ma and Mr. Audlatook part in a conference thatbrought together northern edu-cators, government and land-claim organizations to lay thegroundwork for a report releasedearlier this month. The institu-tion would be located in Iqaluitand would need to be indepen-dent of both government andInuit organizations, the reportsays. While it would be open toall, it would mostly serve Inuitstudents from across the North.

Classes in traditional Inuitknowledge and language wouldbe mandatory for all. Elderscould be given the same status and salary as full professors.

An initial course list was pro-posed: Inuit studies, fine arts, lin-guistics, political science andindigenous governance, educa-tion, health, natural science and law.

Research would be limited towhat Inuit care about.

One participant noted that theEuropean tradition of knowledgefor knowledges sake does notalign with Inuit beliefs and val-ues, and as such should not bepromoted or supported by a uni-versity in Inuit Nunangat, saysthe report.

Funding would come from amix of private and publicsources, Mr. Ma said.

Its going to take a lot morethan $5-million.

Mr. Audla said the institutionwould create opportunities forInuit and make university at-tendance easier both culturallyand geographically. But it wouldalso be a crucial voice for Inuit inCanadian society, he said.

Its based on Inuit becomingmore aware of where they standin society in general. When itcomes to the decision-makers,academia has a lot of influence.

Mr. Ma acknowledges that anysod-turning for Inuit U is a longway off but, Mr. Audla said,momentum is building.

There is the interest and thepotential to get it all together. It could be a matter of a coupleof years. Thats hopeful, but realistic.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The Canadian Press

EDUCATION

Momentum is building for Inuit university in Nunavut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

BOB WEBER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A6 S T H E G LO B E A N D M A I L M O N DAY , M AY 1 8 , 2 0 1 5 NEWS

Folio: Iraq

The last Iraqi security forces fledthe provincial capital of Ramadion Sunday, as the city fell com-pletely to the militants of theIslamic State, who ransacked theprovincial military headquarters,seizing a large store of weapons,and carried out executions ofpeople loyal to the government,according to security officials andtribal leaders.

The fall of Ramadi to the Islam-ic State, despite intensified U.S.air strikes in recent weeks in abid to save the city, representedthe biggest victory so far this yearfor the extremist group, whichhas declared a caliphate, orIslamic state, in the vast areas ofSyria and Iraq that it controls.The fall of Ramadi also laid barethe failed strategy of the Iraqigovernment, which hadannounced last month a newoffensive to retake Anbar prov-ince, a vast desert region in thewest, of which Ramadi is the cap-ital.

The city has fallen, saidMuhannad Haimour, the spokes-man for Anbars governor.

Mr. Haimour said that at least500 civilians and security person-nel had been killed during thepast two days in and aroundRamadi, either from fighting orexecutions. Among the dead, hesaid, was the three-year-olddaughter of a soldier.

Men, women, kids and fight-ers bodies are scattered on theground, said Sheikh Rafe al-Fah-dawi, a tribal leader from Rama-di, who was in Baghdad onSunday and whose men hadbeen resisting the Islamic State,also known as ISIS.

He said, All security forces andtribal leaders have either retreat-ed or been killed in battle. It is abig loss.

With defeat looming in Ramadion Sunday afternoon, the AnbarProvincial Council met in Bagh-dad and voted to ask Prime Min-ister Haider al-Abadi to send Shiairregulars to rescue Anbar, alargely Sunni province. In re-sponse, Mr. al-Abadi issued astatement calling for the militias,known as the Popular Mobiliza-tion Forces and including severalpowerful Shia forces supportedby Iran, to be ready to fight inAnbar.

Some of the Shia irregularunits, which were formed lastsummer after Shia clerics put outa call to arms, are more firmlyunder the command of thegovernment, while others answerto Iran.

The involvement of the militiasin Anbar had been opposed bythe United States, which leads aninternational coalition that hasbeen carrying out air strikes insupport of Iraqi forces. U.S. offi-cials had worried the militiascould inflame sectarian tensionsin the province and ultimatelymake it harder to pacify.

As they considered asking for

the assistance of the militias,Anbar officials met over theweekend with the U.S. ambassa-dor to Iraq, Stuart Jones, to ascer-tain the U.S. position on theissue. According to officials, Mr.Jones told the Anbar delegationthat the United States would con-tinue its air campaign, providedthat the militias were under thecommand of Mr. al-Abadi, andnot Iranian advisers, and that themilitias were properly organizedso as to avoid becoming casual-ties of U.S. bombing runs.

At the outset of an offensive toliberate Tikrit, in Salahuddinprovince, in March, the Iranian-backed militias took the lead onthe ground, and U.S. warplanesstayed away. Once those militiasstalled, Mr. al-Abadi orderedthem to retreat, which was fol-lowed by U.S. air strikes and anadvance by Iraqi security forces,and the liberation of Tikrit.

In the wake of that victory, Mr.al-Abadi promised a new effort inAnbar, a campaign that was sup-posed to be led by the Iraqisecurity forces and supported byU.S. air strikes, with Iran and its

Iraqis flee their hometown of Ramadi on Sunday500 civilians and security personnel had been kil

Iraqi security forces, despite being assisted by Uheadquarters in Ramadi against Islamic State fig

TRISH McALASTER / THE GLOBE AND MAILTRISH McALASTER / THE GLOBE AND MAIL 8 SOURCE: BBC, INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF WAR, U.S. CENTRAL COMMAND

TURKEY

Persian

Gulf

LEBANON

ISRAEL

KUWAIT

IRANRamadi

Mosul

Erbil

Baghdad

SAUDI ARABIA

JORDAN

SYRIA

IRAQ

KURDISTANREGIONALGOVERNMENT

IS CONTROLIS SUPPORT

Note: up to May 6

THE FALL OF RAMADIAfter almost a year and

a half of back-and-forth

combat between

militants and local

government forces, the

final military holdout in

the capital of Anbar

province in Iraq has

been seized by Islamic

State forces, which now

appear poised to further

their gains in the

war-torn country

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

TIM ARANGO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

T H E G LO B E A N D M A I L M O N DAY , M AY 1 8 , 2 0 1 5 S A7NEWS

militias on the sidelines. A keycomponent of that strategy wasto arm local Sunni tribesmen todo the fighting, but that plannever materialized in large num-bers, partly because of resistanceby powerful Shia political leadersin Baghdad.

The deterioration of Anbar overthe past month underscored theineffectiveness of the Iraqi army,which is being trained by U.S.military advisers, and raisedquestions about the UnitedStates strategy to defeat theIslamic State. At the same time,now that the militias are beingcalled upon, the collapse ofRamadi has demonstrated againthe influence of Iran, even if itsadvisers are unlikely to be on theground in Anbar, as they wereduring the operation in Tikrit.

The Islamic State, which hasheld areas around Ramadi fornearly a year and a half, began anoffensive on the city late Thurs-day night and on Friday after-noon captured the provincialgovernment headquarters.

Mr. al-Abadi on Friday prom-ised to send reinforcements tothe city, but ultimately only acouple hundred soldiers arrivedfrom Baghdad to help resist inone of the last contested neigh-bourhoods in the city, accordingto a security official in Anbar.

As Ramadi was close to fallingon Friday, U.S. officials in Wash-ington played down the situa-tion, saying it was similar to theup-and-down fighting that hadbeen continuing there since thebeginning of last year.

We will see episodic temporarysuccesses, said Brigadier-GeneralThomas Weidley, chief of staff ofthe U.S.-led coalition in Iraq, in aconference call with reporters onFriday. But again, these typicallydont materialize into long-termgains. Weve seen similar attacks

in Ramadi over the last severalmonths of which the ISF hasbeen able to repel, he said, refer-ring to the Iraqi Security Forces.And we see this one being simi-lar to those, where the ISF willeventually take back the terrainthats been lost at this point.

Yet the Islamic State was ableto consolidate its hold of the cityover the weekend, and on Sun-day seized one of the last govern-ment redoubts the localoperations command center. Theremaining officers and soldiershad fled, and one of themreached by telephone Sundayafternoon said they were stuck ina convoy southwest of Ramadi,with Islamic State militants clos-ing in from four sides.

Another soldier, who had beenstationed at the Anbar Opera-tions Command headquarters,said the forces left behind a hugecache of heavy weapons that hadrecently been sent by Baghdad,including rocket-propelled gre-nades and heavy machine guns.The weapons had been suppliedby both the United States andRussia.

ISIS is gaining more weapons,and the battle will be harder inthe future, said the soldier, whodeclined to give his namebecause he feared for his life.

Shia militia leaders on Sunday,who had mostly watched the col-lapse of Anbar from afar, werescrambling to mobilize theirmen.

Mueen al-Kadhumi, a leader inthe Popular Mobilization Forcesand a member of the Badr Orga-nization, a longstanding militiawith ties to Iran, said, We haverecalled all off-duty fighters tojoin their units as soon as possi-ble to participate in the upcom-ing battle for Anbar.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New York Times News Service

A dozen years later, U.S. poli-tics has reached a rough con-sensus about the Iraq War: It wasa mistake.

Politicians hoping to be presi-dent rarely run ahead of publicopinion. So its a revealingmoment when the major conten-ders for president in both partiesfind it best to say that 4,491Americans and countless Iraqislost their lives in a war thatshouldnt have been waged.

Many people have been sayingthat for years, of course. Pollsshow most of the public havejudged the war a failure by now.Over time, more and more Re-publican politicians have allowedthat the absence of weapons ofmass destruction in Iraq under-mined Republican PresidentGeorge W. Bushs rationale forthe 2003 invasion.

It hasnt been an easy evolu-tion for those such as DemocratHillary Rodham Clinton, nowfavoured to win her partys nom-ination, who voted for the war in2002 while serving in the Senate.That vote, and her refusal to fullydisavow it, cost her during her2008 primary loss to Barack Oba-ma, who wasnt in the Senate in2002 but had opposed the war.

In her memoir last year, Ms.Clinton wrote that she had votedbased on the information avail-able at the time, but I got itwrong. Plain and simple.

What might seem a hard truthfor a country to acknowledge hasbecome the safest thing for a U.S.politician to say even Mr.Bushs brother.

The fact that Jeb Bush, a likelycandidate for the Republicannomination in 2016, was pressur-ed this past week into rejecting,in hindsight, his brothers war isan indication that the receivedwisdom, that which we workfrom right now, is that this was amistake, said Evan Cornog, ahistorian and dean of the HofstraUniversity school of communica-tion.

Or as Rick Santorum, anotherpotential Republican candidate,put it: Everybody accepts thatnow. As a senator, Mr. Santorumvoted for the Iraq invasion andcontinued to support it for years.

Its an easier question for presi-dential hopefuls who arentbound by family ties or theirown congressional vote for thewar, who have the luxury ofjudging it in hindsight, knowingfull well the terrible price Ameri-cans paid and the continuingbloodshed in Iraq today.

Florida Senator Marco Rubioand Texas Senator Ted Cruzwerent in Congress in 2002 andso didnt have to make a real-time decision with imperfectknowledge. Neither was New Jer-sey Governor Chris Christie orOhio Governor John Kasich, whoserved an earlier stint in Con-gress.

All these Republicans said lastweek that, in hindsight, theywould not have invaded Iraqwith whats now known aboutthe faulty intelligence thatwrongly indicated Saddam Hus-sein had stockpiled weapons ofmass destruction.

Wisconsin Governor ScottWalker, in an interview Sundayon CBS Face the Nation, summed

up that sentiment: Knowingwhat we know now, I think itssafe for many of us, myself in-cluded, to say, we probablywouldnt have taken thatapproach.

Mr. Rubio, in a long exchangeon Fox News Sunday, tried to nav-igate the Iraq shoals once again,making a glass-half-full case thatwhile the war was based on mis-taken intelligence, the world stillis better off with Mr. Husseingone.

These politicians didnt go asfar, however, as war critics suchas Kentucky Senator Rand Paul, adeclared Republican candidate,who says it would have been amistake even if Mr. Hussein werehiding such weapons. Mr. Paulsays Mr. Hussein was serving as acounterbalance to Iran andremoving him from power led tomuch of the turmoil now rockingthe Middle East.

Former president George W.Bush and his vice-president, DickCheney, still maintain that oust-ing a brutal and unpredictabledictator made the world safer.

In his 2010 memoir, DecisionPoints, Mr. Bush said he got asickening feeling every time hethought about the failure to findweapons of mass destruction andhe knew that would transformpublic perception of the war.

But he stands by his decision.The war remains a painful topic

that politicians must approachwith some care.

Jeb Bush, explaining his reluc-tance to clarify his position onthe wars start, said going backin time and talking about hypo-theticals, the would-haves andthe should-haves, does a disserv-ice to the families of soldierswho gave their lives.

When he finished withdrawingU.S. troops in December, 2011, Mr.Obama predicted a stable, self-reliant Iraqi government wouldtake hold. Instead, turmoil andterrorism overtook Iraq and U.S.leaders and would-be presidentsare struggling with what to donext. The U.S. now has 3,040troops in Iraq as trainers and ad-visers and to provide security forU.S. personnel and equipment.

For the most part, the publicand the military like the politi-cians are focused less on deci-sions of the past than on theevents of today and how to stopthe Islamic State militants whohave overrun a swath of Iraq andinspired terrorist attacks in theWest.

The greater amount of angstin the military is from seeing themanifest positive results of thesurge in 2007 and 2008 go towaste by misguided policies inthe aftermath, said retired U.S.Army Colonel Peter Mansoor, atop assistant to General DavidPetraeus in Baghdad during thatincrease of U.S. troops in Iraq.

Those mistakes were huge andcompounded the original errorof going into Iraq in the firstplace, said Mr. Mansoor, now aprofessor of military history atOhio State University. Theresplenty of blame to go around.What we need is not so muchblame as to figure out what hap-pened and use that knowledge tomake better decisions going for-ward.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Associated Press

With the benefit of hindsight, U.S. politicians hoping to become president say the Iraq War was a mistake

Iraqi security forces pull out ofRamadi ahead of approachingIslamic State forces. By the timemilitants swept into the citys lastmilitary command outpost, localgovernment forces had fled. It wasreported that a large cache ofweapons, originally provided by the United States and Russia,remained at the outpost and arepresumably now in the hands ofIslamic State fighters.ASSOCIATED PRESS

y, where a government spokesman said at leastilled over the weekend. HADI MIZBAN/AP

U.S. air strikes, were unable to defend theirghters. STRINGER/IRAQ/REUTERS

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CONNIE CASS WASHINGTON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A8 S T H E G LO B E A N D M A I L M O N DAY , M AY 1 8 , 2 0 1 5

In Canada, United Nations peacekeepers are seen as heroic fig-

ures and a legacy of a former prime minister, Lester B. Pearson.

But in some countries to which the blue-helmeted international

force are sent to protect civilians, the peacekeepers arent seen as

heroes but as predators.

There is a serious crisis of sexual abuse and exploitation by

peacekeeping forces and other UN staff working in trouble spots.

The UN admits to 79 victims last year. Critics say there are many

more, and that the blanket immunity from prosecution granted to

UN personnel serving on peacekeeping missions should be partly

lifted. We agree.

Romo Dallaire, the retired Canadian general and former senator,

said last week that he has been seeing reports of sexual abuse by

UN peacekeepers since 2001. He called it a festering situation that

the UN, through its inaction, has allowed to get worse.

Hes right. Last month, a whistleblower leaked an internal report

about horrible sexual abuse by French soldiers in the Central Afri-

can Republic. It detailed how soldiers were trading food for sexual

favours with starving, homeless boys as young as nine. Some of the

boys were sodomized. The UN suspended the employee who

leaked the report, and then prevented French investigators from

interviewing a UN staffer who took statements from the abused

children. The UN cited immunity in denying the investigators

access to its staff, according to the French investigators.

The UN denies it interfered with the investigation but says its

forces and staff need immunity to do their jobs. Officials say a

blanket revocation of immunity could paralyze UN operations

around the world. But no one is calling for a blanket revocation.

Mr. Dallaire, as well as Stephen Lewis, the former Canadian ambas-

sador to the UN, are part of a group called Code Blue that wants an

exception in the immunity protection for personnel involved in

sexual abuse cases or who have investigated a case internally.

Its a simple, quick first step to ending a crisis that is sickening to

think about. The most vulnerable people in the world children in

war-torn countries are being raped in exchange for a meal. It is

unimaginable the UN would do anything less than a full revocation

of immunity for any personnel suspected of or having knowledge

of so inhuman a crime.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

UN PEACEKEEPERS

Shielding predators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Entertaining voters

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

If Jeffrey Simpson is right, if Ste-phen Harpers Conservativesknow no other way, thenvoters this year might prefermore of the same (Tories ReignAs Masters Of The Message May 15).

Life would be dull indeed with-out the Conservatives antics: therobocall scandal, the MaximeBernier affair, insults to the ChiefJustice of the Supreme Court, $16glasses of orange juice, oppor-tunistic prorogation of Parlia-ment, endless attack ads, theSenate-Duffy affair, NigelWrights $90,000 cheque

The potential entertainmentvalue is almost worth votingConservative. Almost. Les Bowser, Omemee, Ont.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Instead of working to bring Ca-nadians together to achieve com-mon goals, the Conservatives seetheir interests better served bydividing us. This cynicalapproach votes not vision not only impedes our growth asa country, it also sends thewrong message about democracyto countries struggling toembrace it. Chris Marriott, Chelsea, Que.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Time travelling

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

If government agents break thelaw, Prime Minister Stephen Har-per can travel back in time andchange things so that there wasno law to be broken, no crime tobe committed, and no evidenceanything illegal took place(Watchdog Calls RetroactiveShielding Of RCMP Perilous May 15). Its just a matter ofsneaking the right wording intoan omnibus budget bill.

Its an odd view, to say theleast, this time-travelling view ofparliamentary supremacy. Notone that is likely to be shared by,say, the Supreme Court. James Russell, Ottawa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Fighting misogyny

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Re: Dismissal Of Hydro OneStaffer Could Lead To SeverancePayout May 14: A Hydro Oneemployee is dismissed after a TVreporter is subjected to vulgarheckling. Jian Ghomeshi is firedby CBC for alleged sexual mis-conduct. Dalhousie Universitydental students are suspendedfor misogynistic Facebook post-ings. Every day, members of theCanadian military are victims ofsexual assault.

Canada is fast becoming a rapeculture. One way to start a rapecounterculture is to ban violentand sexually humiliating por-

trayals of women in film, televi-sion, video games andpornography. Cris Rowan, Sechelt, B.C.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

As a human being who happensto be a woman, business owner,and a mother, I am thrilled atthe widespread condemnation ofthe rape culture, too long ig-nored. How swift would the reac-tion have been had those idiotsbeen hijacking live broadcastswith hideous slogans aboutblacks?

All thats needed to end thisfilthy violation of public decencyis the immediate expulsion, pub-lication of names, and five-yearbanning from all public eventsof people who commit such actsof verbal violence.

The ubiquitous presence ofcellphones would ensure thecrime is well-documented. Linda Stortz, Waterloo, Ont.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Driven to distraction

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Reading Globe Drive is becomingscarier by the week, especiallythe articles about distracted driv-ing (Can I Use An Apple WatchWhile Driving? and SevenSmashing Driving Sins May 14).Is the automotive world goingcrazy? A recent advertisementboasted that a certain car nowhas not one, but two, videoinfotainment screens for thedriver to watch.

I used to worry about otherdrivers reaching for a cigarette,but the thought of someoneessentially watching televisionwhile driving alongside memakes me very nervous. Dave Ashby, Toronto. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rae days

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Re Rachel Notleys Victory ShowsThe System Does Work May 13:Margaret Wentes comment thatthe NDP government elected inOntario in 1990 despised theprivate sector so much that thepoor saps who happened towork on Bay Street couldnt evenget an audience with the govern-ment is without foundation.How was it, then, that there werebusinessmen, big and small, onBob Raes Premiers Council?

As minister of skills develop-ment, I had the CEOs of GeneralMotors and General Electric onmy advisory council for the cre-ation of the Ontario Trainingand Adjustment Board.

As minister for internationaltrade, I had many profitable dis-cussions with businessmen, asdid my colleagues, including thepresidents of the Toronto andMississauga boards of trade