the global positioning system a worldwide information utility navsat 2002 nice, france november 12,...

The Global Positioning The Global Positioning SystemSystem

A Worldwide Information UtilityA Worldwide Information Utility

The Global Positioning The Global Positioning SystemSystem

A Worldwide Information UtilityA Worldwide Information Utility

NAVSAT 2002NAVSAT 2002Nice, FranceNice, FranceNovember 12, 2002November 12, 2002

Jason Y. KimJason Y. KimExecutive SecretariatExecutive SecretariatInteragency GPS Executive Interagency GPS Executive BoardBoard

OverviewOverview

• United States PolicyUnited States Policy• Constellation Status & PerformanceConstellation Status & Performance• ModernizationModernization• AugmentationsAugmentations• International CooperationInternational Cooperation

Agriculture

Commerce State

Interior

NASA

Justice

Joint Chiefs of Staff

Interagency GPS Executive BoardInteragency GPS Executive Board

Defense Transportation

United States GPS PolicyUnited States GPS Policy

• Consistent U.S. national policy Consistent U.S. national policy statements from Executive and statements from Executive and Legislative BranchesLegislative Branches– Congressional guidance, 1983Congressional guidance, 1983– Presidential Decision Directive, March 1996Presidential Decision Directive, March 1996– U.S. Public Law, December 1998U.S. Public Law, December 1998

• Civil GPS signals to be provided free of Civil GPS signals to be provided free of direct user charges (since 1983)direct user charges (since 1983)

• U.S. to promote acceptance and use of U.S. to promote acceptance and use of GPS as a world standardGPS as a world standard

• Selective Availability (SA) -- ended May Selective Availability (SA) -- ended May 20002000

• IGEB to manage GPS as a national assetIGEB to manage GPS as a national asset

United States GPS Policy, United States GPS Policy, cont’d.cont’d.

• Encourage private sector investment Encourage private sector investment in/use of GPS technologies and servicesin/use of GPS technologies and services

• Promote safety and efficiency in Promote safety and efficiency in transportation and other fieldstransportation and other fields

• Promote international cooperation in Promote international cooperation in using GPS for peaceful purposesusing GPS for peaceful purposes

• Advance scientific and technical Advance scientific and technical capabilitiescapabilities

• Strengthen and maintain national Strengthen and maintain national securitysecurity

U.S. Policy Promotes U.S. Policy Promotes Global Market GrowthGlobal Market Growth

• Free signals from space (current and Free signals from space (current and future)future)

• Openly published documentation enabling Openly published documentation enabling anyone to build user equipmentanyone to build user equipment– No licensing fees/royaltiesNo licensing fees/royalties– Available on an equal basis to users and Available on an equal basis to users and

industry worldwideindustry worldwide

• Promotion of common standards leads to Promotion of common standards leads to economies of scale in receiver production -- economies of scale in receiver production -- lower costs for producers and consumerslower costs for producers and consumers

• SA termination fueled consumer demand by SA termination fueled consumer demand by dramatically improving basic servicedramatically improving basic service

• IGEB management increases user trust in IGEB management increases user trust in GPS as a dual-use systemGPS as a dual-use system

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

U.S. Non-U.S.

Worldwide GPS Hardware Sales Worldwide GPS Hardware Sales Expected to Exceed $9B in 2002Expected to Exceed $9B in 2002

$B

illion

s

(Projected)

Source: DOC, 2001Source: DOC, 2001

Commercial Applications Commercial Applications Dominate the GPS MarketDominate the GPS Market

35%

22%

13%5%

16%

5%

2%2%

Car Navigation

Consumer

Tracking/MachineControlOriginal EquipmentManufacturingSurvey/Mapping

Aviation

Marine

Military

Global Sales, 2000Global Sales, 2000


New Commercial Applications New Commercial Applications Are Developed Every DayAre Developed Every Day

• Open pit miningOpen pit mining• Child safetyChild safety• Automatic snowplow Automatic snowplow

guidanceguidance• Spacecraft controlSpacecraft control• Power grid Power grid

managementmanagement

GPS Sales by Geographic RegionGPS Sales by Geographic Region

1998 1998

AsiaAsia2%2%OtherOther

1%1%

JapanJapan47%47%

U.S.U.S.32%32%

EuropeEurope18%18%

2003 2003

AsiaAsia2%2%

OtherOther1%1%

JapanJapan44%44%

U.S.U.S.30%30%

EuropeEurope23%23%


OverviewOverview


27 Operating Satellites (to ensure 24)

GPS Constellation StatusGPS Constellation Status

• 21 Block II/IIA satellites 21 Block II/IIA satellites operationaloperational

• 6 Block IIR satellites operational6 Block IIR satellites operational– 14 of 21 Block IIR satellites available14 of 21 Block IIR satellites available– Modernizing up to 8 Block IIR Modernizing up to 8 Block IIR

satellitessatellites– Last launch: 31 Jan 01Last launch: 31 Jan 01

• Next Launch: On holdNext Launch: On hold– Launch vehicle issuesLaunch vehicle issues

• Continuously assessing Continuously assessing constellation health to determine constellation health to determine launch needlaunch need

Despite age and component issues, all satellites are providing a healthy nav

signal

Satellite Age & HealthSatellite Age & Health

• Age SummaryAge Summary– 7 satellites past updated 7 satellites past updated

mean mission durationmean mission duration

• Health Summary Health Summary – 13 satellites one 13 satellites one

component away from component away from navigation mission navigation mission failurefailure

– 9 satellites one 9 satellites one component away from component away from bus failurebus failure

China Brief, Nov 6-8, 02 12

SVN 23

SVN 21yr

GPS Satellite Status

Bottom Line

16 vehicles are “yellow” (i.e. single string)

9 vehicles are yellow due to bus failures

13 vehicles are yellow due to nav failures

SVN 25

SVN 27

SVN 38

SVN 39 SVN 22

SVN 30

SVN 44

SVN 35

SVN 13

SVN 36

SVN 33

SVN 31

SVN 37

SVN 24

SVN 46

SVN 17

SVN 34

SVN 15

SVN 51

SVN 40

SVN 54

SVN 41

SVN 26

SVN 43

SVN 32

SVN 29

SVNLEGEND

y g

D

1

2

3

4

5

FA B C E

BUS NAV

g g

g

g g

g

g

g g

g g

g g

g g

g

g

g

g g

g g

g y

g g

g

g g

g g

g

y

y

y y

y

y y

y

y y

y y

y

y

y y

y y

y

yy

China Brief, Nov 6-8, 02 13

GPS Constellation Age

Block II MMD = 9.6Block IIA MMD =10.23

Block IIR MMD = 12.67

0

2

4

6

8

1 0

1 2

1 4

1 4 1 3 1 6 1 9 1 7 1 8 2 0 2 1 1 5 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 8 2 6 2 7 3 2 2 9 2 2 3 1 3 7 3 9 3 5 3 4 3 6 3 3 4 0 3 0 3 8 4 3 4 6 5 1 4 4 4 1 5 4

I I - 1 I I - 2 I I - 3 I I - 4 I I - 5 I I - 6 I I - 7 I I - 8 I I - 9 I I -

1 0

I I -

1 1

I I -

1 2

I I -

1 3

I I -

1 4

I I -

1 5

I I -

1 6

I I -

1 7

I I -

1 8

I I -

1 9

I I -

2 0

I I -

2 1

I I -

2 2

I I -

2 3

I I -

2 4

I I -

2 5

I I -

2 6

I I -

2 7

I I -

2 8

I I R -

2

I I R -

3

I I R -

4

I I R -

5

I I R -

6

I I R -

7

E 1 B 3 E 5 A 4 D 3 F 3 B 5 E 2 D 5 E 4 D 1 A 2 C 5 F 2 A 3 F 1 F 4 B 1 C 3 C 4 A 1 B 4 D 4 C 1 C 2 E 3 B 2 A 5 F 3 D 2 E 1 B 5 F 1 E 3

YEARS

S V N

M i s s i o n

S l o t

Block IIA Predicted M MD

Block II Predicted MMD

Block IIR Predicted M MD

Global GPS Position ErrorGlobal GPS Position Error Daily Performance, 2002 Daily Performance, 2002

All Errors Based on Dual Frequency, Signal in Space Only. Information Presented Reflects Data Collected During the Period from January 1, 2002 to

September 11, 2002. Thresholds Provided Reflect Average Location Requirements from SPS Signal Specification Dated August 24, 2001.

Constellation exceeds all performance requirements

Constellation exceeds all performance requirements

Constellation PerformanceConstellation Performance

• PDOP Availability:PDOP Availability:– Requirement - PDOP of 6 or Less, 98% of the Time or BetterRequirement - PDOP of 6 or Less, 98% of the Time or Better– Actual - 99.99Actual - 99.99

• Horizontal Service AvailabilityHorizontal Service Availability– Requirement - 95% Threshold of 36 meters, 99% of the Requirement - 95% Threshold of 36 meters, 99% of the

Time or BetterTime or Better– Actual – 3.53 metersActual – 3.53 meters

• Vertical Service AvailabilityVertical Service Availability– Requirement - 95% Threshold of 77 meters, 99% of the Requirement - 95% Threshold of 77 meters, 99% of the

Time or BetterTime or Better– Actual – 5.01 metersActual – 5.01 meters

• User Range ErrorUser Range Error– Requirement - 6 meters or Less, Constellation AverageRequirement - 6 meters or Less, Constellation Average– Actual - 1.43 metersActual - 1.43 meters

OverviewOverview


GPS IIA/IIRGPS IIA/IIR

GPS IIIGPS III

GPS IIR-M, IIFGPS IIR-M, IIFIIR-MIIR-M: Improved on all : Improved on all

IIA capabilities and IIA capabilities and addedadded

• 2nd Civil Signal on L22nd Civil Signal on L2• New L1 & L2 M-CodeNew L1 & L2 M-CodeIIF:IIF: IIR-M capability IIR-M capability

and:and:• Add 3rd Civil Signal on Add 3rd Civil Signal on

L5L5

•Standard Service Standard Service (~100 m)(~100 m)

•Precise Service (~16 Precise Service (~16 m)m)

•Two Nav frequencies Two Nav frequencies L1: Civil (C/A) &L1: Civil (C/A) &Precise (P) CodePrecise (P) CodeL2: P-CodeL2: P-Code

GPS-III:GPS-III:• Improved Anti-jam Improved Anti-jam

(+20dB)(+20dB)• Increased AccuracyIncreased Accuracy• Assured AvailabilityAssured Availability• Controlled IntegrityControlled Integrity• System Survivability System Survivability Other Transformational Other Transformational

needs needs • Blue Force TrackingBlue Force Tracking• Nav-related MessagingNav-related Messaging• Responsive OpsResponsive Ops

Basic GPSBasic GPS

L2C on L2L2C on L2M-Code (Earth)M-Code (Earth)

NAVWAR CapableNAVWAR CapableFull Civil RqmtsFull Civil Rqmts

Add’l CapabilitiesAdd’l CapabilitiesNew Civil Signal – L5New Civil Signal – L5

GPS Modernization at a GlanceGPS Modernization at a Glance

Increasing Increasing System CapabilitiesSystem Capabilities

Increasing Increasing Civil/Defense BenefitCivil/Defense Benefit

SA SetSA Setto 0to 0

Civil GPS ModernizationCivil GPS Modernization

• Ending SA considered first stepEnding SA considered first step• Civilians currently limited to GPS L1 signalCivilians currently limited to GPS L1 signal

– Coarse Acquisition (C/A) code at 1575.42 MHzCoarse Acquisition (C/A) code at 1575.42 MHz– Low power signal, not intended for precision Low power signal, not intended for precision

navnav

• Adding a second civil signal (L2C)Adding a second civil signal (L2C)– C/A-type code at 1227.60 MHzC/A-type code at 1227.60 MHz– Low power signal, not intended for precision Low power signal, not intended for precision

navnav

• Adding a third civil signal (L5)Adding a third civil signal (L5)– P-type codes at 1176.45 MHzP-type codes at 1176.45 MHz– Higher power signal, intended for precision navHigher power signal, intended for precision nav

Civil Benefits of GPS Civil Benefits of GPS ModernizationModernization

• More robust GPS serviceMore robust GPS service– Reduces vulnerability to unintentional Reduces vulnerability to unintentional

interference interference – Unlikely to simultaneously affect L1, L2 and Unlikely to simultaneously affect L1, L2 and

L5L5

• Worldwide dual frequency for en-route Worldwide dual frequency for en-route navigation and precision approachnavigation and precision approach– Dual frequency (L1, L5) allows ionospheric Dual frequency (L1, L5) allows ionospheric

corrections in avionics onboard the aircraftcorrections in avionics onboard the aircraft– Fewer reference stations may be needed for Fewer reference stations may be needed for

space-based augmentation systems (e.g. space-based augmentation systems (e.g. WAAS)WAAS)

• Centimeter-level accuracy for scientific Centimeter-level accuracy for scientific & survey applications & survey applications

P(Y)P(Y)

C/AC/A

Modernized Signal EvolutionModernized Signal Evolution

C/AC/A

P(Y)P(Y)

P(Y)P(Y)

P(Y)P(Y)

MML2CL2CMM

Present SignalPresent SignalBlock II/IIA/IIRBlock II/IIA/IIR

22ndnd Civil; M-Code Civil; M-CodeBlock IIR-MBlock IIR-M

33rdrd Civil CivilBlock IIFBlock IIF

C/AC/A

P(Y)P(Y)

MM

P(Y)P(Y)

L2CL2CMM

1176 MHz1176 MHz(L5)(L5)

1227 MHz1227 MHz(L2)(L2)

1575 MHz1575 MHz(L1)(L1)

Begin Launch in 2004 (Block IIR-M)Full Capability Projected in 2012

Second Civil Signal (L2C)Second Civil Signal (L2C)

• More robust civil serviceMore robust civil service– Civil users currently only have codeless/semi-codeless Civil users currently only have codeless/semi-codeless

access to P(Y) on L2access to P(Y) on L2– Redundant signal for improved continuity when L1 is lostRedundant signal for improved continuity when L1 is lost

• Increased accuracyIncreased accuracy– Coded dual-frequency ionospheric corrections at the Coded dual-frequency ionospheric corrections at the

receiverreceiver– Wide-lane for extremely-precise local area differential Wide-lane for extremely-precise local area differential

GPSGPS

• Advanced signal structure Advanced signal structure – Working group defined signal characteristicsWorking group defined signal characteristics– Better cross-correlation properties than C/ABetter cross-correlation properties than C/A– Data-free component for robust trackingData-free component for robust tracking– Designated as primary L2 civil code versus C/A Designated as primary L2 civil code versus C/A

Begin Launch in 2005 (Block IIF)Full Capability Projected in 2015

Third Civil Signal (L5)Third Civil Signal (L5)

• Further robustness and accuracyFurther robustness and accuracy– Improved continuity when L1 or L2 signal is lostImproved continuity when L1 or L2 signal is lost– Triple-frequency ionosphere correctionTriple-frequency ionosphere correction– Tri-lane for ultra-precise local area differential GPSTri-lane for ultra-precise local area differential GPS

• Advanced signal structureAdvanced signal structure– Higher power (~6 dB) for interference resistanceHigher power (~6 dB) for interference resistance– Broadcast over the full registered 24 MHz bandBroadcast over the full registered 24 MHz band– L5 specification developed by RTCA SC 159, WG #1L5 specification developed by RTCA SC 159, WG #1– GPS JPO originated/coordinated ICD-GPS-705GPS JPO originated/coordinated ICD-GPS-705

• Protected aeronautical radionavigation Protected aeronautical radionavigation spectrumspectrum– Enables dual-frequency uses for safety-of-life Enables dual-frequency uses for safety-of-life

navigationnavigation– DME compatibility achieved by frequency reallocation, DME compatibility achieved by frequency reallocation,

if requiredif required

Second Civil SignalSecond Civil Signal

Third Civil SignalThird Civil Signal

1 ON1 ON 33menumenu

22

RockwellRockwell

44 55 66

77 WPTWPT

88 POSPOS

99 NAVNAV

CLRCLRMARKMARK

00 OFFOFF

NUMNUM LOCKLOCK

FIX FOM 1FIX FOM 1N 42* 01” 46.12”N 42* 01” 46.12”W 091* 38’ 54.36”W 091* 38’ 54.36”EL + 00862 ftEL + 00862 ft

ZEROIZEZEROIZE

• Relook at entire GPS architecture to:Relook at entire GPS architecture to:– Achieve long term GPS performance Achieve long term GPS performance

goalsgoals– Reduce long term total ownership Reduce long term total ownership

costscosts• Ensure GPS is synergized withEnsure GPS is synergized with

– Military and civil needs/systemsMilitary and civil needs/systems– Possible augmentation opportunitiesPossible augmentation opportunities

• Build best GPS system for the next 30 Build best GPS system for the next 30 yearsyears

• Relook at entire GPS architecture to:Relook at entire GPS architecture to:– Achieve long term GPS performance Achieve long term GPS performance

goalsgoals– Reduce long term total ownership Reduce long term total ownership

costscosts• Ensure GPS is synergized withEnsure GPS is synergized with

– Military and civil needs/systemsMilitary and civil needs/systems– Possible augmentation opportunitiesPossible augmentation opportunities

• Build best GPS system for the next 30 Build best GPS system for the next 30 yearsyears

GPS IIIGPS III

GPS III Civil GoalsGPS III Civil Goals

• Significant increase in system accuracySignificant increase in system accuracy• Assured and improved level of standalone Assured and improved level of standalone

integrityintegrity• Improved availability of accuracy with Improved availability of accuracy with

integrityintegrity• Backward compatibility with existing receiversBackward compatibility with existing receivers• IOC for L5 (in combination with IIF satellites)IOC for L5 (in combination with IIF satellites)• Smooth transition from GPS Block II to Block Smooth transition from GPS Block II to Block

IIIIII• Flexibility to respond to evolving Flexibility to respond to evolving

requirements with limited programmatic requirements with limited programmatic impactsimpacts

ThresholdThreshold ObjectiveObjectiveAccuracy (95%)Accuracy (95%)

HorizontalHorizontal

VerticalVertical

TimingTiming

2.5 m2.5 m 0.5 m0.5 m

4.5 m4.5 m 1.1 m1.1 m

5.7 nsec5.7 nsec 1.3 nsec1.3 nsec

GPS III Proposed AccuracyGPS III Proposed AccuracyDraft System SpecificationDraft System Specification

• Includes the effects of receiversIncludes the effects of receivers– Threshold = low-cost/low-performance Threshold = low-cost/low-performance

receiverreceiver– Objective = high-cost/high-performance Objective = high-cost/high-performance

receiverreceiver

Activity

Implementation Date

SA set to zero

May 2000

GPS IIR-M Enhancements (Up to 8 satellites)

New L2 Civil (L2C) Signal M-code on L1 & L2

2004 – 2006

GPS IIF Enhancements (Up to 12 satellites)

New L2 Civil (L2C) Signal M-code on L1 & L2 L5

2005 – 2011

GPS III Enhancements New L2 Civil (L2C) Signal M-code on L1 & L2 L5 Future Capabilities

2011 – TBD

OCS Enhancements 2000 – 2008

GPS Modernization ScheduleGPS Modernization Schedule

OverviewOverview


Aviation AugmentationsAviation Augmentations

• Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS)Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS)– Enroute thru near precision approach Enroute thru near precision approach – Signal in space currently available Signal in space currently available

• Use at your own risk until certified (2003)Use at your own risk until certified (2003)– Commissioning for aviation use by late 2003Commissioning for aviation use by late 2003

• 60-day stability test successfully concluded Sept. 60-day stability test successfully concluded Sept. 16, 200216, 2002

• FAA finalizing contract for third GEOFAA finalizing contract for third GEO– Allows reduction in ground-based nav aidsAllows reduction in ground-based nav aids

• Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS)Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS)– Terminal through CAT III Precision ApproachTerminal through CAT III Precision Approach– Research and development programResearch and development program– CAT I contract award imminentCAT I contract award imminent

WAAS and LAASWAAS and LAAS

Complex Approach via LAASComplex Approach via LAAS

Nationwide Differential GPS Nationwide Differential GPS ServiceService

• U.S. Coast Guard Differential GPS (DGPS) U.S. Coast Guard Differential GPS (DGPS) network provides <10 m accuracy plus network provides <10 m accuracy plus integrity for marinersintegrity for mariners– 40 nations now implementing maritime DGPS 40 nations now implementing maritime DGPS

based on same standards for seamless navigationbased on same standards for seamless navigation

• U.S. is expanding its network to cover U.S. is expanding its network to cover terrestrial areas from coast to coast (NDGPS)terrestrial areas from coast to coast (NDGPS)– Positive Train Control for railroadsPositive Train Control for railroads– Intelligent Transportation Systems for highway useIntelligent Transportation Systems for highway use– 23 stations currently operating23 stations currently operating– Full operational capability by end of 2007Full operational capability by end of 2007

• High-Accuracy NDGPS project studying High-Accuracy NDGPS project studying feasibility of creating nationwide RTK servicefeasibility of creating nationwide RTK service

Worldwide DGPS CoverageWorldwide DGPS Coverage

National Continuously National Continuously Operating Reference System Operating Reference System

(CORS)(CORS)• Nationwide network of GPS reference Nationwide network of GPS reference

stations coordinated by U.S. National stations coordinated by U.S. National Geodetic SurveyGeodetic Survey

• Data enables surveyors, scientists to Data enables surveyors, scientists to achieve up to sub-centimeter level GPS achieve up to sub-centimeter level GPS accuracies using post-processing accuracies using post-processing techniquestechniques

• Network gains efficiencies by utilizing Network gains efficiencies by utilizing many existing facilities at federal and many existing facilities at federal and local levelslocal levels

National CORS SitesNational CORS Sites

OverviewOverview


U.S. Principles for CooperationU.S. Principles for Cooperation

• Compatibility and interoperability with Compatibility and interoperability with GPSGPS

• No direct user fees for safety critical No direct user fees for safety critical servicesservices

• Open market access (non-discrimination)Open market access (non-discrimination)– Equal access to signal specificationsEqual access to signal specifications– Equal access to user markets (free trade)Equal access to user markets (free trade)– Market driven competitionMarket driven competition– Free choice for end usersFree choice for end users

• Spectrum protectionSpectrum protection• Protection of national security interestsProtection of national security interests

– No M-code overlayNo M-code overlay

Compatibility and Compatibility and InteroperabilityInteroperability

• Compatibility (e.g.) -- the assurance that one Compatibility (e.g.) -- the assurance that one GNSS will “do no harm” to another GNSS by GNSS will “do no harm” to another GNSS by degrading the standalone services that it degrading the standalone services that it providesprovides– Includes forward, backward, and dual-service Includes forward, backward, and dual-service

compatibilitycompatibility

• Interoperability (e.g.) -- the ability to improve Interoperability (e.g.) -- the ability to improve the level of service provided to users by any the level of service provided to users by any single system through the use of a combined single system through the use of a combined system receiversystem receiver

• The U.S. Government considers the assurance The U.S. Government considers the assurance of of compatibilitycompatibility as the primary requirement as the primary requirement for the GPS user community for the GPS user community Existing and future GPS users must be

protected from harmful service degradation

Existing and future GPS users must be protected from harmful service

degradation

Overlay of M-code signals is not dual-service compatible and is unacceptable

to the U.S.

Overlay of M-code signals is not dual-service compatible and is unacceptable

to the U.S.

Dual-Service CompatibilityDual-Service Compatibility

• U.S. Policy and Public Law require:U.S. Policy and Public Law require:– ProtectionProtection of Allied military use of GPS of Allied military use of GPS– PreventionPrevention of hostile use of hostile use– PreservationPreservation of civil use outside an area of conflict of civil use outside an area of conflict

• NAVWAR concept enables localized denial of NAVWAR concept enables localized denial of service rather than global degradation of GPSservice rather than global degradation of GPS

• New military (M-code) signals are being New military (M-code) signals are being developed to be spectrally separated from developed to be spectrally separated from civil signalscivil signals

• Without spectral separation, security is Without spectral separation, security is weakened and greater degradation of civil weakened and greater degradation of civil service is likelyservice is likely

System Standards AreSystem Standards AreKey to InteroperabilityKey to Interoperability

• Receiver complexity and cost depend Receiver complexity and cost depend on standards chosenon standards chosen

• GeodesyGeodesy• TimingTiming• Signal structures Signal structures

– At L1, C/A code limits number of satellites, At L1, C/A code limits number of satellites, power, signal structurepower, signal structure

– At L2 & L5, there is greater potential for At L2 & L5, there is greater potential for interoperability via use of same interoperability via use of same frequencies, signal structures, and common frequencies, signal structures, and common data structuresdata structures

Complete separation of all signals

Higher level of required technical & operational coordination to ensure compatibility

Complete commonality of civil frequencies and signal structures

Identical System Time

Same Geodetic Reference System -- merged ground segments

Separate Geodetic Reference Systems - no broadcast corrections

Receiver-based Time Offset Correction

Separate Geodetic Reference System - broadcast corrections to users

Greater Burdenon Receiver Design

Signal-based time offset Correction

Some frequency overlap with different signal structure(s)

Some frequency overlap with common signal structure(s)

Equivalent System Times

Same GeodeticReference System -- unconnected groundsegments

Interoperability

Compatibility

ContinuumContinuum of of Compatibility Compatibility and Interoperabilityand Interoperability in in Timing, Geodesy, and Timing, Geodesy, and

Signal StructureSignal Structure

U.S.-Japan CooperationU.S.-Japan Cooperation

• September 1998: Joint Statement signed September 1998: Joint Statement signed promoting GPS as a standard for satellite promoting GPS as a standard for satellite navigation and establishing a framework for navigation and establishing a framework for cooperationcooperation

• October 2002: Cooperation initiated between October 2002: Cooperation initiated between GPS and Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS)GPS and Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS)– QZSS is a regional constellation designed to QZSS is a regional constellation designed to

complement and augment GPS, providing improved complement and augment GPS, providing improved coverage and availability in urban coverage and availability in urban canyons/mountainous areascanyons/mountainous areas

– Highly interoperable -- same frequencies (L1, L2, L5) Highly interoperable -- same frequencies (L1, L2, L5) and same/similar codesand same/similar codes

– Working-level meeting scheduled for December 2002 Working-level meeting scheduled for December 2002 to discuss technical details, including compatibility to discuss technical details, including compatibility at L1at L1

U.S.-Europe CooperationU.S.-Europe Cooperation

• U.S. and E.C. have been working U.S. and E.C. have been working towards a mutually acceptable towards a mutually acceptable framework agreement on cooperationframework agreement on cooperation

• Major issues under discussionMajor issues under discussion– SecuritySecurity– Compatibility/interoperabilityCompatibility/interoperability– Trade & non-discriminationTrade & non-discrimination

• June 2002: Last U.S.-E.C. meeting, June 2002: Last U.S.-E.C. meeting, BrusselsBrussels– Led to a subsequent Technical Working Led to a subsequent Technical Working

Group (TWG) meeting on Group (TWG) meeting on compatibility/interoperability of civil compatibility/interoperability of civil aspects of GPS and Galileoaspects of GPS and Galileo

– No progress made on M-code overlay issueNo progress made on M-code overlay issue

GPS-Galileo: U.S. ObjectivesGPS-Galileo: U.S. Objectives

• Protect interests and investments of GPS user Protect interests and investments of GPS user basebase– No degradation of GPS serviceNo degradation of GPS service– No user feesNo user fees– Freedom of choice for end usersFreedom of choice for end users– Lower costs through free market competitionLower costs through free market competition– Interoperability and backwards compatibilityInteroperability and backwards compatibility

• Protect national security interestsProtect national security interests– DoD/NATO denial capabilitiesDoD/NATO denial capabilities– No overlay of M-CodeNo overlay of M-Code– Control technology transfer and proliferationControl technology transfer and proliferation– Move any discussion of military Galileo to NATOMove any discussion of military Galileo to NATO

• Ensure level playing field for commerceEnsure level playing field for commerce• Maximize benefits of combined GPS-Galileo Maximize benefits of combined GPS-Galileo

serviceservice

U.S. Opposes M-Code OverlayU.S. Opposes M-Code Overlay

• Clearly stated in U.S. agreement text of Clearly stated in U.S. agreement text of October 2000October 2000– Reiterated in December 2001 letter from PentagonReiterated in December 2001 letter from Pentagon

• September 2002 E.C. Communication: M-code September 2002 E.C. Communication: M-code overlay remains part of the Galileo PRS planoverlay remains part of the Galileo PRS plan

• Occupying M-code band will not accomplish Occupying M-code band will not accomplish the goals of PRS and could harm both civilian the goals of PRS and could harm both civilian and military usersand military users

• U.S. is willing to discuss the issue with U.S. is willing to discuss the issue with military officials through NATO channelsmilitary officials through NATO channels

• However...However...

The U.S. considers this matter to be non-negotiable

The U.S. considers this matter to be non-negotiable

GPS-Galileo Compatibility GPS-Galileo Compatibility and Interoperabilityand Interoperability

• Two independent systemsTwo independent systems– Compatibility is essential and achievable Compatibility is essential and achievable

with appropriate design and policy choices with appropriate design and policy choices for Galileofor Galileo

– Interoperability is less certainInteroperability is less certain• Different signal structuresDifferent signal structures• Different system times Different system times • Different coordinate reference systems Different coordinate reference systems

• Goal is to provide the greatest possible Goal is to provide the greatest possible benefit to the largest number of usersbenefit to the largest number of users– Simple, inexpensive receiversSimple, inexpensive receivers– Increased service availability (greater Increased service availability (greater

number of satellites in view)number of satellites in view)– Greater reliabilityGreater reliability

Dual-service compatibility was not discussed

Dual-service compatibility was not discussed

GPS-Galileo Technical GPS-Galileo Technical Working Group MeetingWorking Group Meeting

• Hosted by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Hosted by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, October 21-23, 2002October 21-23, 2002

• Technical compatibility/interoperability of civil Technical compatibility/interoperability of civil GPS and Galileo services discussedGPS and Galileo services discussed– U.S. and E.C./ESA interference analyses and criteria U.S. and E.C./ESA interference analyses and criteria

for determining signal non-interferencefor determining signal non-interference– Galileo L1 & L5/E5 signal structures and code Galileo L1 & L5/E5 signal structures and code

selectionselection– GPS third civil signal (L5) design and code selectionGPS third civil signal (L5) design and code selection– Timing and geodesy interoperability issuesTiming and geodesy interoperability issues

• Follow-up sub-teams were identified for Follow-up sub-teams were identified for specific issue areas such as L5/E5 code specific issue areas such as L5/E5 code structures and signal interference analysesstructures and signal interference analyses

Trade & Non-DiscriminationTrade & Non-Discrimination

• Free/equal access to Galileo signals, specificationsFree/equal access to Galileo signals, specifications– No discriminatory pricing for non-European usersNo discriminatory pricing for non-European users– No discriminatory licensing arrangements for non-European No discriminatory licensing arrangements for non-European

equipment manufacturersequipment manufacturers

• Open access to European satellite navigation marketOpen access to European satellite navigation market– Market-driven competition to spur innovation, lower pricesMarket-driven competition to spur innovation, lower prices– No tariffs or other discriminatory barriers to tradeNo tariffs or other discriminatory barriers to trade– Need to go beyond WTO, which has only limited applicabilityNeed to go beyond WTO, which has only limited applicability

• Freedom of choiceFreedom of choice– Users choose the technology solution that best meets their Users choose the technology solution that best meets their

needs -- GPS, Galileo, GLONASS, some combination of these, needs -- GPS, Galileo, GLONASS, some combination of these, or GNSS plus other technologiesor GNSS plus other technologies

– Manufacturers produce what makes the most business senseManufacturers produce what makes the most business sense– U.S. does not wish to see Europe impose new standards or U.S. does not wish to see Europe impose new standards or

regulations that effectively mandate the use of Galileoregulations that effectively mandate the use of Galileo

For Additional InformationFor Additional Information

www.igeb.govwww.igeb.gov

Interagency GPS Executive BoardInteragency GPS Executive Board4800B Herbert C. Hoover Building4800B Herbert C. Hoover Building

Washington, D.C. 20230Washington, D.C. [email protected]@igeb.gov+1 (202) 482-5809+1 (202) 482-5809

the global positioning system a worldwide information utility navsat 2002 nice, france november 12,...

Documents

gps marketglobal sales

civil gps signals

national policy statements

national securityu

component issues

launch need27

constellation health

free of direct user