the garden of hadith scholars

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T h e G a r d e n o f t h e H a d i t h S c h o l a r s


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T h e G a r d e n o f t h e

H a d i t h S c h o l a r s

C l a r i f i c a t i o n o f t h e B o o k s o f

H a d i t h a n d t h e i r S p l e n d i d A u t h o r s

By the Imm and ^adth scholar,

Abd al-Azz ibn Imm Wal Allh ad-Dihlaw

(1159 AH - 1239 AH)

Translated from Persian to Arabic

and annotated by

Mu^ammad Akram an-Nadw

Translated from Arabic to English by

Aisha Bewley

Turath Publis hing


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Copyright: 1428/2007, Turath Publishing

Published by: Turath Publishing 79 Mitcham Road Tooting

London SW19 9PD +44-20-8767-3666 www.turathpublishing.com

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in any retrievalsystem, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or otherwise, without writtenpermission of the publishers.

By: Abd al-Azz ad-Dihlaw

General Editors: Ya^y and Safira BathaTranslationfrom Persian to Arabic: Mu^ammad Akram an-Nadwfrom Arabic to English: Aisha BewleyEdited by: Abdassamad Clarke

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data ad-Dihlaw, Abd al-Azz The Garden of the Hadith Scholars I. Title

ISBN 0-9547380-4-7

Book Design: Bookwright

Printed by: Megaprinters, Istanbul, [email protected]

Distributors for UK and Europe: Azhar Academy 54-56 Little Ilford Lane Manor Park London E12 5QA ++44-208-891 19797 [email protected] www.azharacademy.comDistributors for South Africa : Darul Ihsan research and education centre www.direct.za.org

[email protected] +27-835 939599Distributors for America and Canada: Whitethread Press www.whitethreadpress.com [email protected] +1-(805) 968 4666


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P u b l i s h e r s D e d i c at i o n

For my beloved wife Safira

without whose help and encouragement

this would not be possible.


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C o n t e n t s

Publishers Preface xxvA Note to the English edition xxviForeword by Abul-asan Al al-asan an-Nadw 1Preface 3Hadith in the period when they were collected 3Some of those who were famous for compilations of hadith 5Biography of the author 6His birth 6

His quest for knowledge 6His students 7His excellence 8His books 9Bustn al-Mu^addithn 10The order of the book in the Persian original 11His death 11His isndin hadith 12The isndsconcerned with the book 12My work on this book 13

Opening of the Book 15

Books of the Four Imams 17The Muwa~~aof Imm Mlik 19Mliks lineage 19His birth 20His death 21His description 21His knowledge andfiqh 23


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The Garden of the Hadith Scholars

His gathering and his relating hadith to people 24His respect for the noble hadith of the Prophet @ 25His position and venerableness 25His position on new things and innovations 26His statements about knowledge 26His respect for Madnah 27His writing the Muwa~~a 27Dreams about Mlik 27Mlik and innovating heretics (zindqs) 28The Muwa~~aand its hadith 29

Verses in praise of the Muwa~~a30

TRANSMISSIONS OF THE MUWA>>A 31

The First Transmission 31Ya^ys Lineage 32His ancestors becoming Muslim and going to Andalusia 32

Ya^ys listening and his journey in quest of knowledge 32Ya^ys excellence and eminence 33His standing with the amirs 34The reason for the spread of Mliks school in Andalusia 35His following Mlik and adhering to his School 36His witnessing the final days of Mlik 36The death of Ya^y ibn Ya^y 38Ziyd ibn Abd ar-Ra^mn 38Ziyds lineage 38

His journey to Mlik and spreading his school in Andalusia 38His scrupulousness and forgoing the post of q\ 38Ziyds behaviour with kings 38Ziyds death 39Second Transmission 39The lineage of Abdullh ibn Wahb 39His birth 39His seeking knowledge and his journeying 39The transmission of his shaykhs from him 40His excellence and position in knowledge 41

A report concerning him and a beggar 42His scrupulousness and doing-without 43His death 43

His books 43The Third Transmission 43His lineage and birth 44His shaykhs 44His reading to Mlik 46The virtues of al-Qanab 46The Fourth Transmission46


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Table of Contents

His Lineage 47His birth 47Hisfiqh 47The beginning of his quest for knowledge 48His excellence, worship and scrupulousness48His death 49The Fifth Transmission 49His lineage 50His position with Mlik 50His death 50Sixth Transmission 50His lineage 51His excellence 51

Seventh Transmission 51His lineage 52His trustworthiness and integrity 52His death 52

Eighth Transmission 52His lineage 53His listening and excellence 53His birth and death 53Ninth Transmission53His lineage 53His birth and quest for knowledge 53His transmission of the Muwa~~a 54

His excellence 54His death 54Tenth Transmission54

Eleventh Transmission54Twelfth Transmission 55The lineage of al-Ghfiq 55His listening 56His excellence 56His books 56His death 56Note 56Thirteenth Transmission56

Fourteenth Transmission57His lineage 57His death 57

What hadith scholars said about him 57Fifteenth Transmission58His lineage 58The opinions of the hadith scholars 58His death 59


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Sixteenth Transmission 59Commentaries and notes on the Muwa~~a 61Important Point 62The Musnadof the Greatest Imm Ab anfah &63The Musnad of Imm ash-Shfi& 66The Musnadof Imam Ahmad ibn anbal 68Sections of the Musnad 69Composition and arrangement of the Musnad69Identification of the lineage of al-Qa~ 69The books of A^mad ibn anbal 70The number of the hadith of the Musnad70

The Six Primary Sources73

The al-Jmi a|-a^^by al-Bukhr 74His lineage 74His birth 74The beginning of his affair 74

Writing 75His composing his collection, al-Jmi 76His trial 77Al-Jmi a|-a^^by Imm Muslim 80His lineage 80His books 80The birth and death of Muslim 82The Sunanby Ab Dwd 83

The lineage of Ab Dwd 84The error of Ibn Khallikn 84His birth 84His journey and seeking knowledge 84His death 88Al-Jmi a|-a^^ by at-Tirmidh 89His lineage 89Praise for his collection 90His death 91Using Ab s as a kunyah 91As-Sunan a|-ughr by an-Nas 92His lineage 92His birth 93His journey and listening 93The Sunanof Ibn Mjah 95His lineage 95His birth 96His journey and quest for knowledge 96His death 97


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Table of Contents

a^^ Collections 99A|-a^^ by Ibn Khuzaymah. 101His lineage 101A|-a^^ by Ibn ibbn 102The lineage of Ibn ibbn 103His listening to scholars and travel 103The trial of Ibn ibbn 104His death 104His books 104A|-a^^ by Ab Awnah 105Definition of Mustakhraj 105Al-Muntaqby adh-Dhahab 105The beginning of the a^^of Ibn Awnah 105

His lineage 106His journey 107His school 107His listening 107His death 108A|-a^^ by al-Isml 109Definition of awl 109His lineage 110His birth 110His yearning to travel and seek knowledge 110His listening 110His excellence 111

Kitb al-Mustakhraj al a^^ Muslimby Ab Nuaym al-A|bahn 112His lineage 112His birth 112His Ijzahsin hadith 112His listening to hadith 113Transmitting hadith and teaching 114His composing ilyat al-awliy 115His grandfather becoming Muslim 115His books 115His death 116Kitb al-Muntaq by Ibn al-Jrd 117A|-a^^(al-Mustadrak) by al-kim 118The attribution of being a Shiite to al-kim 118The standing of his book 119The excellence of al-kim 119The books of al-kim 120His lineage 120His birth 120His seeking knowledge and travel 120His listening 120


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Al-kims students 121His being called al-kim (the judge) 121His death 122Al-Mustadrak 122

Musannaf, Sunan and Ahkam Collections 123Al-Mu|annaf by Abd ar-Razzq 125His lineage 125His transmission 125Those who related from him 126His connection to Mamar 126His Shiite inclinations 126His death 126

Al-Mu|annafby Ab Bakr ibn Ab Shaybah 127His lineage 127Identifying his lineage 127His books 127His listening 128Those who related from him 128His position in knowledge 128His death 128As-Sunanby Sad ibn Man|r 129His lineage 130His listening to Hadith 130His students 130

Testimonial on his behalf 130Al-Musnad by ad-Drim 131His lineage 131His students 131His excellence 131His birth 132His death 132The transmission of the Musnadad-Drim 132As-Sunan by Ab Muslim al-Kashsh 133His lineage 133His working on the Sunan 133His death 134Kitb al-Ishrf f Masil al-Khilf byIbn al-Mundhir 135His lineage 135His books 136His position in knowledge and ijtihd 136His listening 136His students 137His death 137Shar^ Man al-thr by a~->a^w 138


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Table of Contents

His lineage 139His listening to scholars 139His students 139His birth 139His books 140His death 140Al-Aml by al-Mu^mil 141His lineage 141His birth 141His listening to scholars 141His students 142His death 143As-Sunanby ad-Draqu~n 144

The differences in transmissions 144The preface of the book 144His lineage 145His birth 145His listening 145His journey 146His students 146His position in knowledge 146His memory and precision 146Some of his uncommon qualities 147His death 147As-Sunan al-Kubr by al-Bayhaq 149

Kitb Marifat as-Sunan wal-thr by al-Bayhaq 150His lineage 151Identification of the lineage of al-Bayhaq 151His birth 151His listening and travel 151His lack of familiarity with the Sunan 152His books 152His life 152His favour to ash-Shfi 152His superiority in different types of knowledge 152Dreams 153His death 153Poetry 153

Musnad Collections 155Al-Musnad by Ab Dwd a~->aylis 157His lineage 157His listening 157His death 158His accreditation 158


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Al-Musnad by al-umayd 160His lineage 161His students 161The firmest of people of Sufyn 161His death 161Al-Musnad by al-Adan 162Al-Musnad by Abd ibn umayd ibn Na|r al-Kass 163Identification of Kashsh 163His lineage 163His travel and listening 163His death 164His books 164Al-Musnadby al-Bazzr 165

His lineage 166The meaning of muallal 166His listening 166His journey to disseminate knowledge 167His being declared trustworthy 167His death 167Al-Musnad by Ab Yal al-Maw|ul 168Kitb al-Jam bayna a|-a^^aynby al-umayd 169His lineage 169His travel and listening to scholars 169His birth 169The death of al-umayd 170

Mujam Collections 173Al-Musnad by al-rith ibn Ab Usmah 175His lineage 175His listening 176The opinion of hadith scholars about him 176His death 177Al-Mujam by Ab Yal 178His lineage 178His listening 179His students 179His position 179His birth and death 179Al-Mujamby Ibn Qni 180His lineage 180His listening to scholars and his journey 180His students 180His birth and death 181The three Mujamcollections by a~->abarn 182Definition of al-afrd 182


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Table of Contents

His name and lineage 183His birth 183His seeking knowledge and his journey 183His listening 183His enduring hardships 185The excellence of a~->abarn 185The extensive narration (riwyah) of a~->abarn 186His death 186Al-Mujamby al-Isml 187Al-Mujam by Ibn Jumay 189His lineage 189His travel and listening 189His students 189

His birth 190His death 190Al-Mujamby ad-Dimy~ 191His lineage 191His birth 191His seeking knowledge and listening 191His death 193Part of his poetry 193His books 195

Virtues and Good Manners 197Kitb az-Zuhd war-Riqq by Abdullh ibn al-Mubrak 199

His lineage 200His fathers story 200His birth 200His journeys 200His listening 201His students 201His excellence 202His learningfiqhfrom Ab anfah and Mlik 204His division of his time 204Highlights from his words 204His scrupulousness 204His death 205His generosity 205Kitb al-Adab al-Mufradby Imm al-Bukhr 207Kitb ad-Du by Ibn Abd-Duny 208His lineage 208His birth 208His listening 209His students 209His death 210


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Nawdir al-U|lby al-akm at-Tirmidh 211His lineage 211His transmission 212His students 212His expulsion from Tirmidh 212

Weakness in his books 212Some of his statements 213Kitb al-Mujalsahby ad-Dnawar 214Kitb Amal al-Yaym wal-Laylahby an-Nas 215Kitb Karmt al-Awliy by al-Khalll 216His lineage 216His birth 216His listening 216

His students 216His death 216Kitb al-Miataynby a|-bn 218His lineage 218His birth 218His listening 218His students 218His excellence 219Ash-Shihb fil-Mawi wal-dbby al-Qu\ 221His lineage 222His listening 222His students 222

His books 222His death 222Kitb Al-Itiqd wal-Hidyah il Sabl ar-Rashdby al-Bayhaq 224Kitb Iqti\ al-Ilm wal-Amalby al-Kha~b al-Baghdd 225Al-Firdawsby ad-Daylam 226His lineage 226His listening 227His students 227His death 227His son 227His [sons] death 227Kitb ash-Shif bi-Tarf uqq al-Mu|~af by Q\ Iy\ 229His lineage 230His birth 230His poetry 231al^ al-Mumin by Taq ad-Dn al-Asqaln, known as Ibn al-Imm 232His lineage 233His birth 233His seeking 233His books 233


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His death 233

Takhrj A^dth al-I^yentitled al-Mughn an aml al-Asfr by Shaykh Zaynad-Dn al-Iraq 234Al-i|n al-a|n by Shams ad-Dn al-Jazar 235His lineage 236His birth 236His seeking 236His disseminating knowledge 237His books 237His death 237His poetry 237Mukhta|ar al-i|n al-a|nknown as al-Uddah 239

Juz Collections 241Kitb Raf al-Yadayn by al-Bukhr, and 243Kitb al-Jumuahby an-Nas 243

Juz al-Fl by Ab Amr ibn as-Simk 244His lineage 244His listening 244His students 245His death 245Al-Fawid by Ab Bakr ash-Shfi 246His birth 247His lineage 247

His listening 247His journey 248His students 248His death 248

Juzcollection by Ibn Nujayd 249His lineage 249His listening 250His students 250His death 250

Juz Fa\il Ahl al-Bayt by Abl-asan Al ibn Marf al-Bazzr 252A^dth al-unaf by al-asan ibn Abdullh al-Abrz. 254Al-Fawid by Tammm ar-Rz 255His lineage 255His birth 255His listening 255His students 256His death 256

Arban (40) Collections 259Al-Arbanby Mu^ammad ibn Aslam a~->s 261


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His lineage 261His listening 261His students 262His death 262Al-Arbanby Abl-Qsim al-Qushayr 263His lineage 263His seeking and listening 263His listening 264His students 264His death 264His poetry 264Al-Arbanby Ab Bakr al-jurr 266His lineage 266

His listening 266His students 266His death 267Al-Arban by ash-Sha^^m 268Al-Imt bil-Arban al-Mutabyinah bi-Shar~ as-Sam by fi Ibn ajar al-Asqlan 270

Musalsalat Collections 273Nuzhat al-uffby Ab Ms al-Madn 275His lineage 275His birth 275His listening 275

His students 276His books 277His death 277Al-Musalsalt a|-ughr by Jall ad-Dn as-Suy~ 278

History and Biographies 281Trkh Ya^y ibn Man on the states of the narrators 283His lineage 283His birth 283His listening 284His death 284His desire in poetry 284Point 285Kitb al-Kun wal-Asm by an-Nas 288Kitb Trkh ath-Thiqt by Ibn ibbn 289ilyat al-Awliy by fi Ab Nuaym al-A|bahn 290Al-Irshdby Ab Yal al-Khall 291His lineage 291His listening 291His students 291


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His death 291Al-Istib f Marifat al-A|^b by Ab Umar ibn Abd al-Barr 292His lineage 292His birth 292His acquiring knowledge 292His excellence 293His books 293The highest isndhe had 293His death 293His poetry 294History of Baghdad by al-Kha~b 295His lineage 296His birth 296

His seeking knowledge and listening 296His students 296His transmission of a^^ al-Bukhr 296His books 296His excellence 297His death 298His poetry 298

Commentaries 301Ash-Shawriq by Q\ Abl-Fa\l Iy\ ibn Ms al-Ya^|ub as-Sibt 303Kitb Shar^ as-Sunnahby al-Baghaw 304His lineage 304

His proficiency in knowledge 304His listening 305His worship and asceticism 305His death 305Bahjat an-Nufs by Ab Mu^ammad ibn Ab Jamrah 306Shar^ al-Kirmn al a^^ al-Bukhr 307His lineage 307His birth 307His seeking 307His death 308

Fat^ al-Br bi-Shar^ a^^ al-Bukhr and its preface Ibn ajar al-Kinn al-Asqaln 309His birth 309His journey and seeking 309His death 309The superiority of Ibn ajar over as-Suy~ 310His books 310Tanq^ Alf al-Jmi a|-a^^ by Badr ad-dn az-Zarkash 313His birth 313His listening 313


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His death 314Talq al-Ma|b^ Abwb al-Jmi a|-a^^ by Ab Abdullh al-Iskandar 315His birth 316His seeking 316His death 316His books 316Al-Lmi a|-a^^ f Shar^ al-Jmia|-a^^by Shams ad-Dn an-Nuaym 318His birth 318His books 319His death 319Irshd as-Sr by Shihb ad-Dn al-Qas~aln 320His birth 320His quest 320

His books 320What happened between him and as-Suy~ 321His death 321shiyahof Shaykh Sayyid Zarrq 322His lineage 322His birth 322His quest for knowledge 322His writing 322His excellence 323His students 323His poetry 323His death 323

At-Tawsh^, fi Abl-Fa\l ibn Ab Bakr as-Suy~ 324Malim as-Sunanby al-Kha~~b 325His lineage 325His listening 325His students 325His death 325ri\at al-A^wadh f Shar^ at-Tirmidhby Q\ Ab Bakr ibn al-Arab 327His lineage 327His travel and listening 327His students 328His books 328His death 331Kitb al-Ma|b^by al-Baghaw 332

Selective Books 333Al-Imm f A^dth al-A^kmand its summary al-Ilmm bi-A^dth al-A^kmboth of them by Taq ad-Dn ibn Daqq al-d. 335His lineage 336His birth 336His listening 336


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His death 336Some of his miracles 337His qualities 337His poetry 338His excellence 339

General Indexes 341Index of Qurnic yats 343Index of hadith 346Index of scholars with biographies 348Index of scholars with biographies in the notes 350Most important sources 356


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P u b l i s h e r s P r e f ac e

In the name of Allah, the All Merciful, the Most Merciful

I bear witness that there is no god but Allah and Muhammad is the Messengerof Allah and the Seal of the Prophets @. I would like to thank Dr. Mohammad

Akram of the Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies for translating the originalwork into Arabic, for his work in adding the extremely useful footnotes tothis work and finally for bringing this wonderful work to our attention andgiving us the opportunity to publish it. We ask Allah taala to bless the author

Shh Abd al-Azz and reward him well. I would like to thank Ustadhah AishaBewley for translating this work, Abdassamad Clarke for taking special carein editing and typesetting it and Muhammad Ansa for his meticulous andpainstaking proofreading. If any benefit is brought about from this bookplease remember us and the people mentioned above in your dus.

Yahya and Safira Batha

the garden of hadith scholars

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