The Garden City The Garden City MovementMovement WWhat were the principles on which The Garden City Movement were founded? To what extent did those principles become applied in practice?In what ways was the Garden City Movement formative? Ebenezer oward !"#$ % !&'"Son of trades peopleWas quite well educatedExpected to become a rural workerBecame a shorthand writer for parliamentTravelled to America Nebraska and hica!o What provo(ed oward)s ideas?*apid unplanned urban +rowth,nti -rbanism Improve livin+ conditions for the wor(in+ class Geor+e Cadbury .ord .everhulme/oseph *owntree.and ownershipCreate a city that provides the people within the city with what they need The Garden City 0roposal1$$$ acres#$$$ for a+riculture and '$$$ people !$$$ in the city for 2$3$$$ people.ow rent on land % ,+ricultural4ividends on the land would be paid outCreate a place that combines city life and rural lifeEliminate slums is +arden cities were envisa+ed with much hi+her residential densities than the (ind of urban expansion alon+ tra5c routes that became (nown as 6suburban sprawl)7 They were conceived as a cluster3 separated by a +reen belt3 around a central city providin+ those facilities that individual towns could not supply3 in a poly%nucleated settlement pattern of city re+ions78 Ward3 C7 9!&&2: ;ew Town3 ome Town3 the lessons of experience3 .ondon< Calouste Gulben(ian =oundation Garden City ,ssociation=ounded by Ebenezer oward !"&& ,lfred *ussell Wallace *alph ;eville Geor+e Cadbury .ord .everhulmee wanted to push forward his Garden City IdeaIs now the Town and Country 0lannin+ ,ssociation -nwin and 0ar(erEmployed as architects because no action was bein+ ta(enCommissioned to prepare a plan of .etchworth based on their interpretation of owards 0roposals .etchworth.ow population !&$# > population was !?$$ !&$@ > population was '"$$!&$" > population was #1$$ Alow +rowth until munitions factory was built there in !&!?Means the housin+ increases in value 4id .etchworth follow owards proposals?2"$$ acres.ess +reen spaceIndustry was on the outs(irts;ot part of a networ( but still a startBThe Critish towns of the postwar periodincorporated some +arden city features but were nevertheless far removed from oward)s ori+inal proposals8 Ward3 A7D 9!&&': !st ed7 The Garden City3 0ast3 0resent and future7 .ondon< Chapman and all7 There was never a networ( created E !&!@ manifesto written by the Garden Cities ,ssociation to +et !$$ more +arden cities built!&!" oward brou+ht his own land and appointed .ouis de Aoissons to create the plan > Welwyn The CarnettsCanon .eonard and enrietta CarnettAaw the Bevils of poverty8Garden suburbs were a result of the Garden City Movement ampstead +arden Auburb !&$1-nwin and 0ar(er were appointed architects7Auburbs weren)t seen to solve unemployment problems there for was a Bbetrayal8 of the +arden city ideal -nwin and 0ar(er7Cul%de%sacs*evived cotta+e style architecture Wanted to encoura+e a sense of community Aatellite Towns *esidential areas without obvious local employmentCased around +arden city proposals elped with the suburbanization of .ondon-nwin)s housin+ wor( for the Ministry of ealth who was still reinforcin+ the idea of the +arden suburb-nwin was appointed chief advisor to the Greater .ondon *e+ional plannin+ committee Aatellite towns To be developed within a !' mile radius of .ondonelped with decentralizationAocially and economically self contained towns InFuenced by oward)s theories Ideas maintained today7.ow density housin+Cheaper due to lower road costs and sewer system costs Cloc( plannin+ instead of street plannin+ Combinin+ urban and rural housin+ AummaryEbenezer oward proposes a new +arden city to improve livin+ conditions for the wor(in+ class7-nwin and 0ar(er are appointed architects7.etchworth and Welwyn were built didn)t match the ori+inal proposal but were inspired by it The Carnetts created the Garden Auburb7This lead to the development of Aatellite towns7 *eferencesCeevers3 *obert3 9!&"": The +arden city utopia < a critical bio+raphy of Ebenezer oward .ondon < MacmillanWard3 A7D 9!&&': !st ed7 The Garden City3 0ast3 0resent and future7 .ondon< Chapman and all7Ward3 C7 9!&&2: ;ew Town3 ome Town3 the lessons of experience3 .ondon< Calouste Gulben(ian =oundationAuburbs Gr Aatellite Towns The Critish Medical /ournal3 Dol7 '3 ;o7 2?!@ 9/ul7 23 !&'1:3 pp7 '@%'"www7l+c7amolad7netHherita+eHindex%27htmwww7+eo+7ed7ac7u(HhomesHtslaterH,nit%-rbanism7pdf