the gacp | accenting professional law enforcement through ...€¦ · web viewinterviews to...

Chapter 17

INVESTIGATIVE FUNCTIONS

Effective Date:

January 1, 2019 # of Pages: 40

Revised Date: January 1, 2019 Distribution:

SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS: GEORGIA LAW ENFORCEMENT CERTIFICATION PROGRAM (GLECP) STANDARDS INCLUDED: 5.2, 6.19, 6.20, 6.21, 6.22, 6.23, 6.24, 6.26, 6.28, AND 6.34

INDEX

I. PURPOSE

To increase the effectiveness of the ___________ Department’s investigative efforts by establishing investigative procedures and guidelines for both uniformed officers and investigators. Establishes procedures for determining the level and type of follow-up investigations required; procedures and guidelines for processing crime scenes; and establishes an investigative management system.

II. SCOPE

These procedures shall apply to all sworn personnel of the ___________ Department.

III. INVESTIGATIVE PROCEDURES

A. Development of Information. (GLECP Std. 6.20a)

Chapter 17 – Investigative Functions 1Rev. 01.01.2019

This chapter presents an overview of a unified system for use by both patrol and investigative personnel to improve the management of investigations.

The title Detective and Investigator are interchangeable and should not be construed as different for the purposes of this chapter when the manual

ATTENTION CEO: If the agency does not have investigators, but uniformed officers will be conducting investigations this policy should be modified it accordingly. The fact an agency does not have investigators does not relieve the agency from adhering to practices outlined in this chapter. Second, contact the District Attorney’s office prior to embarking on an investigation that may lead to the use of a photo array or identification of a suspect through means other than apprehending the suspect at the scene. Third, consider changing the title of Investigator or Detective in this chapter to “sworn personnel”. Finally, notice in the Purpose section establishes guidelines for “both uniformed officers and investigators.”

1. The development of pertinent case information begins when a call is received and continues until the case is cleared or moved to inactive. Obtaining and recording even apparently minor information is often critical to the successful resolution of a case.

Sources of information that are valuable and should be utilized include; but are not limited to:

a. Vehicle files;b. Arrest records;c. Traffic and accident reports;d. Incident reports;e. 911 Dispatch records; f. Citizen complaint records;g. Identification section photograph and fingerprint records

Chapter 17 – Investigative Functions 2Rev. 01.01.2019

GEORGIA ASSOCIATION OF CHIEFS OF POLICESAMPLE LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS MANUAL

h. Pawn shop records;i. Permit Unit records; j. Traffic cameras; andk. In-car cameras, body-worn cameras, and civilian/business

cameras.

2. Outside agency information can be valuable in an investigation and should be utilized when appropriate. Such information includes; but is not limited to:

a. NCIC/GCIC criminal history records information;b. Department of Motor Vehicles Safety (DMVS) records;c. Local and federal agency records;d. Court records;e. Tax records;f. Licensing Units records;g. Welfare and social service agency records;h. Board of education records;i. Real estate records;j. Post office records; andk. GCIC off-line searches for vehicle type, etc.

3. Private organizations and agencies can also provide information valuable to investigation. Subpoenas may be necessary to obtain confidential and/or certified records. Such sources of information include; but are not limited to:

a. Utility companies;b. Telephone companies (to include cell phone providers);c. Banks and credit agencies;d. Union and professional agencies;e. Insurance companies;f. Neighbors, social contacts and business associates; g. Social media;h. GPS devices; andi. Medical records.

B. Interviews and Interrogation (GLECP Std. 5.2a, 6.20b)

The effective use of field interviews, and interviews of victims, witnesses, and interviews of suspects are a critical component in

Chapter 17 – Investigative Functions 3

Rev. 01/01/2019


solving many types of crimes.

1. Field Interviews (Police/Citizen encounters)

a. Field interviews are a productive tool and source of information for law enforcement. When used properly, they can discourage criminal activity, identify suspects and add intelligence information.

b. Detailed notes should be documented on the form describing individual’s physical descriptions, behaviors, environmental conditions, and unique identifiers. The suspicious behavior would be recorded on the report along with all personal information possible.

2. Victim/Witness Interview

a. Detailed notes and/or a written statement should be made for future reference giving time, date, location, Investigator(s) present, etc... The trauma/stress to which the victim or witness has been subjected should be considered when doing the initial interview and the interview conducted in such a manner as to reduce stress and minimize further problems. Officers may consider conducting another interview later to gather greater details.

b. The age, physical limitation and credibility of the witness(s) should also be considered.

3. Suspect Interview

a. When interviewing suspects, Investigators (consider using “sworn personnel” in lieu of Investigator) should consider these important points:

(a) Interviews to obtain investigative leads and/or confessions can be very useful, but all constitutional precautions must be taken and recorded if the interview is to be used in court later.

(b) Detailed notes and/or a written statement should be made for future reference and court use giving time, date, locations, officers present, waiver of rights (if applicable), time interview ended, and other information needed.

(c) Statements obtained during an interview must not be based on coercion, promises, delays in arraignments, or


Rev. 01/01/2019


deprivations of counsel.(d) In order to use a statement in court, a suspect under

arrest who is to be interviewed must be advised of their Miranda rights and the Investigator must be able to demonstrate that the suspect understood those rights and made a knowing and intelligent waiver of those rights. A waiver of rights form has been devised to ensure that the suspect in custody understands all constitutional rights and desires to waive such rights. The officer shall ensure that such forms are completed and made a part of the investigative file.

(e) Officers conducting an interview must give serious consideration to the age, education and mental and physical condition of the person in custody prior to interviewing the person. The Investigator/officer must themselves be convinced that the person in custody fully understood their constitutional rights and they must never threaten, trick or coerce any person in custody when trying to obtain a statement or confession.

(f) Juvenile victims, witnesses and suspects must be given the same constitutional protection as adults. The following safeguards should be followed: (GLECP Std. 6.34c) i. Parents or guardians should be notified whenever a

juvenile is taken into custody or charged. (GLECP Std. 6.34a)

ii. The number of Investigators engaged in the interview and its duration should be kept to a minimum. (GLECP Std. 6.34b)

iii. A brief explanation of the juvenile justice system and Department procedures should be provided. (GLECP Std. 6.34c)

(g) If there is more than one (1) suspect to be interviewed, the suspects should be separated and interviewed individually.

(h) Investigators should remember that by using innovative, yet proper methods, much valuable evidence can be obtained from victims, witnesses and suspects. A flexible and effective interview technique can obtain valuable evidence that might otherwise be lost.

(i) Interviews should normally be conducted in an interview room. In most cases, interviews should be conducted by no more than two (2) Investigators.


Rev. 01/01/2019


4.

Documentation of Statement by Accused

a. Whenever possible, any statement made by the accused should be recorded on either audio or video recorded. The recording should include the accused’s waiver of rights at both the beginning and end of the recording. A verbatim transcript will be made upon approval of a supervisor.

b. Each recording will be maintained separately from each suspect, victim and witness.

c. All recordings will be handled as evidence and a property receipt will be completed prior to turning recordings over to the Evidence Custodian. The property receipt number will be documented in the investigative summary prepared on each interview and a copy of the receipt will be included in the case file.

d. If it is not possible to record the statement, the officer must fully document the content of the statement. Whenever possible, the accused should be asked to sign any written statement in which a confession or admission of guilt is contained.

e. Georgia law (OCGA 17-16-4) requires that the State furnish the defendant with a copy of any statement made while in custody. Failure to provide the defendant or their attorney with a copy of the statement renders the statement inadmissible.

NOTE: No later than 10 days prior to trial, the State is required to disclose to the defendant, or their defense counsel, and make available for copying any relevant written or oral statement made by the defendant to a person who the defendant knew to be a law enforcement officer, whether before or after the arrest. This includes those portions of written reports that contain the substance of relevant oral statement made by the defendant. OCGA 17-16-4(a). Failure to disclose a defendant’s statement can result in the court imposing


Rev. 01/01/2019

ATTENTION CEO: This is usually done at the prosecution phase of an investigation. It is strongly recommended that you seek guidance from your District Attorney’s Office for guidance on when/if an investigator should provide anyone with a statement outside of the DA’s office conducting this function. See XV below.


sanctions, including barring the use of the statement at trial or taking direct action against the officer(s) involved or the Agency. OCGA 17-16-6.

5. Interpreters

a. When there is doubt of a person’s ability to use and understand the English language, and an officer is not qualified in the principle language of the person, the officer will contact their supervisor for assistance. Any confession made without an interpreter may result in the statement being rendered inadmissible in court.

b. The supervisor will be responsible for obtaining a qualified interpreter. The individual’s friends or family members are not to be used. Contact should be made with the AT&T Language Line or individual’s consulate to obtain a qualified interpreter.

c. This policy shall also apply to those persons who are hearing impaired. For hearing impaired assistance, contact the Department of Human Resources, Georgia Interpreting Services Network at 1-800-228-4992 or 404-657-5932.

C. Collection and Preservation of Physical Evidence (GLECP Std. 6.20d)

The successful prosecution of a case often hinges on the quality of the physical evidence that is collected and preserved.

1. All officers and Investigators are responsible for searching, identification, and preservation of evidence and for maintaining and documenting the chain of custody of all evidence in their custody.

2. Officers having questions about collection and preservation of specific items of evidence should consult the (Appropriate Person/Position).

(Also see SOP Evidence Ch. 13)

D. Background Investigations

In the course of conducting criminal investigations, it is sometimes necessary to seek out background information concerning individuals or organizations that are suspected of criminal activity. Investigations


Rev. 01/01/2019


may be conducted to gain intelligence information, establish known associates, develop ‘methods of operation’ (M.O.s), etc. These investigations should be conducted as discreetly and as confidentially as possible in order to protect innocent persons.

An officer who decides a criminal background investigation is necessary shall consider the following when conducting the investigations:

1. Identifying the purpose of the investigation.

2. Identifying potential sources of information.

3. Determining how the information will be used after it has been collected.

4. Controlling the distribution of related records.

5. Possible purging of these records at a future date.

6. In this regard it should be remembered that the dissemination of information on suspect offenders that would not be admissible in court should be restricted to those officers who have a clear need for such information.

7. This regulation shall apply to background investigations done for the licensing of businesses or employment background investigations.

E. Surveillance and Electronic Equipment

1. Surveillance is the secretive observation of a person, place or vehicle and is a basic law enforcement technique that can be used by all departmental units. Surveillance can be used effectively to gather evidence of illegal activity or, in the case of a stakeout, to apprehend criminals after a pattern of criminal activity has been identified. All investigators and officers should be encouraged to use surveillance of known trouble spots and known violators as part of their efforts to suppress crime and arrest suspects. (GLECP Std. 6.26)

2. Electronic Equipment (GLECP Std. 6.26)


Rev. 01/01/2019


a. Electronic surveillance equipment and its components are designed for covert interception of audio and visual evidence for law enforcement purposes. To ensure compliance with legal requirements, the use and operation of electronic equipment will be strictly controlled. Any employee who utilizes any electronic surveillance equipment in violation of the law or for any other purpose outside the scope of their authority will be subject to legal and/or disciplinary action.

(j) Electronic surveillance equipment is assigned to the Criminal Investigation Division. The equipment will be the responsibility of the CID commander or their designee.

i. Only personnel who have been trained in its use and operation shall be authorized to operate said equipment.

ii. All electronic surveillance equipment shall be stored and maintained in a secure location as designated by the CID Commander.

iii. All electronic equipment shall be maintained in good working order and inspected on a monthly basis.

iv. Thorough records shall be maintained regarding all facets of the electronic equipment, to include a log to record all use.

b. An officer or investigator who, in the course of their assigned duties, requires the use any electronic equipment shall inform the CID Commander concerning the details of the investigation and the need for the equipment.

c. If the CID Commander approves the use of the electronic equipment for the investigation, the Commander shall make arrangements for its use.

d. The officer requesting the use of the equipment shall be responsible for its proper operation throughout the extent of the investigation. Once the investigation is completed, the officer shall return the equipment in good working order. The CID Commander shall check the equipment upon its return for any damage.

e. Electronic equipment may be loaned to or borrowed from other agencies only with the approval of the CID Commander.


Rev. 01/01/2019


IV. PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATIONS

Except in those cases where the presence of a uniformed officer would obviously hinder a proper investigation or specific expertise is required, the responding officer at an incident shall be responsible for conducting the preliminary investigation of an incident.

The responding patrol officer is to initiate and complete as many of the activities listed below as are necessary. The circumstances of the incident will determine how many of the activities are required.

The assigned patrol officer is responsible for initiating action through their immediate supervisor to inform other appropriate departmental sections that a serious crime or one requiring immediate on-the-scene, follow-up investigation by Criminal Investigations Division exists.

The steps to be followed in conducting the preliminary investigation shall include, but not be limited to:

A. Observation of All Conditions, Events and Remarks/Statements Made (GLECP Std. 6.19a)

This shall include observation of time, date, day of week, weather, chronological order of events, remarks/statements of victims/witnesses/suspects, etc.

B. Location and Identification of Witnesses and Victim(s) (GLECP Std. 6.19b)

The responding officer is to identify and/or locate as many witnesses and victims as possible, and obtain the information needed. This shall include names, addresses, phone numbers (home and work), dates of birth, social security numbers and any other information deemed necessary by the officer.

C. Maintenance and Protection of Crime Scene (GLECP Std. 6.19c)

The responding officer must secure the crime scene, if one exists, to prevent potential contamination of the scene. All officers shall carry “crime scene” tape in their vehicle, and this tape should be used to cordon off the area of the crime scene.

D. Arranging for Collection of Evidence


Rev. 01/01/2019


If an investigator is called to the scene, the responding officer shall keep all parties away from the scene/area to preserve evidence. If the responding officer

will be handling the entire case, including the collection of evidence, this officer is responsible for the collection, packaging, and transporting of the evidence to the Evidence Custodian.

E. Initial Interviewing of Victims, Witnesses, and/or Suspects (GLECP Std. 6.19d)

The responding officer is to interview individuals involved to gather information regarding the incident. This information, if applicable, shall be placed in the narrative section of the incident report and/or on witness statements attached to the report

IV.FOLLOW-UP INVESTIGATIONS

A. The follow-up investigation is an extension of the activities of the preliminary and immediate investigation; not a repetition of it. The purpose of the follow-up investigation is to build upon available evidence and information to prove the elements of a particular crime.

Follow-up investigations of incidents will be the primary responsibility of the Criminal Investigation Division (CID). However, patrol officers who acquire additional information on incidents should complete a supplemental report and forward the information to CID.

The following incidents require immediate notification of investigative personnel by the patrol supervisor:

1. All death investigations

2. Armed robbery

3. Sexual Assault

4. Aggravated assault


Rev. 01/01/2019

ATTENTION CEO: Section A, 1-6 is not all inclusive and should be used as a guide for which kinds of calls you want your investigators/Investigators to respond to at the request of the supervisor. For example; a burglary with a specific dollar amount, auto theft etc.


5. Kidnapping

6. Child abuse cases

B. Function in Non-Criminal Cases

The basic function of the follow-up investigation in a non-criminal case includes, but is not limited to:

1. Interviewing complainants and witnesses;

2. Locating missing persons;

3. Determining if information or suspicious activity may/does relate to criminal activity;

4. Distributing information to the proper persons or agencies;

5. Locating lost property and returning it to the owner;

6. Investigating deaths, overdoses, suspicious circumstances and injuries to determine if a crime was committed;

7. Making necessary notification, conducting necessary inspections; and

8. Recording information obtained.

C. Function in Criminal Cases

The basic function of the follow-up investigation in a criminal case includes, but is not limited to:

1. Reviewing and analyzing reports of preliminary investigations; (GLECP Std. 6.20a)

2. Recording information obtained during follow-up investigations;

3. Reviewing records for investigative leads;

4. Interviewing victims, witnesses, and suspects; (GLECP Std. 6.20b)

5. Seeking additional information (patrol officers, informants, etc.); (GLECP Std. 6.20c)


Rev. 01/01/2019


6. Arranging for the dissemination of information as appropriate (roll call, teletype, BOLOs);

7. Planning, organizing and conducting searches; (GLECP Std. 6.20d)

8. Collecting physical evidence;

9. Recovering stolen property;

10.Arranging for the analysis and evaluation of evidence;

11.Reviewing results from laboratory examinations; (GLECP Std. 6.20a)

12.Identifying and apprehending the perpetrator; (GLECP Std. 5.20e)

13.Checking for suspect’s criminal history; (GLECP Std. 6.20g)

14.Determining if other crimes may have been committed by the suspect; (GLECP Std. 6.20f)

15.Consulting with the appropriate prosecutor’s office in preparing cases for court; and (GLECP Std. 6.20h)

16.Attending all court proceedings as required.

V. CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIVE DIVISION DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

The Criminal Investigations Division is responsible for determining follow-up investigative needs for all criminal cases and those patrol cases needing special attention or long-term investigation.

A. Investigator Responsibility

1. Follow-up investigation on all cases assigned.

2. Developing an investigative plan for each case assigned, including:

a. Witnesses to be interviewed.

b. Locations to canvas.

c. Records to obtain and check.


Rev. 01/01/2019


d. Other investigative techniques to be utilized (stakeout, photo show, etc.).

e. Informant information.

f. Making a second contact with victims and/or witnesses for possible additional information.

3. Notifying the Investigator supervisor of any change in the case status.

4. Documenting all investigative activities.

5. Discussing case details with supervisor prior to obtaining arrest and search warrants.

B. Investigator Supervisor Responsibility

1. Assignment of all cases.

2. Monitoring of case progress.

3. Disposition of all arrest and search warrants.

4. Proper use of investigative techniques by Investigators.

5. Determining the suspension of investigative activity due to the lack of investigative leads.

6. Quality of investigations and reports assigned to Investigators.

7. Coordination of investigative efforts with the Patrol Division and other law enforcement agencies.

8. Submit monthly report of section activities to the Chief of Police and certification manager.

9. Establish work schedules and deployment tactics.

10.Coordinate and direct the section’s investigative efforts.

11.Develop required records to be used for direction, monitoring and evaluation of the Investigator’s activities.


Rev. 01/01/2019


12.Supervise personnel on a continuous basis to stay abreast of ongoing activities.

13.The training and development of Investigators.

VI. SOLVABILITY FACTORS

A. For the purpose of this order, a solvability factor will be deemed to be present if any of the following factors are apparent at the end of the preliminary investigation process:

1. The suspect or offender is known.

2. Personal injury or threat of injury occurred.

3. Significant data is available about the suspect(s) or accomplice(s), such as addresses or locations frequented.

4. A victim or witness could possibly identify the suspect or accomplice from a photo or in-person line-up.

5. Traceable property taken or recovered.

6. The suspect’s or accomplice’s vehicle license number is known completely or sufficiently known to be traceable.

7. A good description of the vehicle is known or a distinctive description of part of the vehicle or its contents is known and traceable.

8. A suspect’s fingerprint(s) is obtained.

9. Significant physical evidence (either traceable or uniquely distinctive) is developed.

10.An unusual, distinctive or significant modus operandi pattern is identified.

11.Multiple occurrences with the same victim or multiple occurrences in the same geographic area.

12.Time frame of occurrence.

13.A case may also be investigated based upon its public or political


Rev. 01/01/2019


sensitivity.

VIII. CASE ASSIGNMENTThe CID Commander or their assistant will review incident reports daily and will apply a formal case screening process to all crimes to ensure that investigative resources are assigned to those cases that can most benefit from the expenditure of additional investigative effort. Screening will be based on research and experiences within the agency and solvability factors. Cases in which no solvability factors and no investigative leads are present will not be assigned to an Investigator for follow-up investigation. These cases will be placed in an inactive status.

A. The CID supervisor will assign cases for follow-up investigation in a fair and equitable manner based upon

1. Category of Crime2. Expertise of Investigator – (Investigators possessing specialized

skills, knowledge and abilities in that area of investigation.)3. Case load of Investigator

Once the assignment has been made, the Investigator has full responsibility of the case and is thus held accountable for the investigation. This does not preclude more than one Investigator being assigned to a case; however, one Investigator will be designated as the case coordinator for each case.

B. A CID supervisor will review each case with the assigned Investigator at least once every 30 days as long as the case is in an active status.

C. A case assignment record shall be maintained in the computerized Case Management System. The supervisor assigning the case will enter the appropriate information onto the computer before assigning the case out to an Investigator. At a minimum, information entered on the computer will include; (GLECP Std. 6.24a)

1. Case number.

2. Date of occurrence.

3. Date assigned.

4. Type of case.


Rev. 01/01/2019


5. Investigator assigned to the case.

6. First supplemental date (____ days.)

D. Investigators shall make contact with victims/witnesses within 48 hours to determine if any new information has been discovered or remembered.

E. Cases assigned will be reviewed with the assigned Investigator by the Investigator supervisor within 15 days of assignment for reasons of continuation or closure.

VII. CASE STATUS AND CLEARANCE (GLECP Std. 6.24a, b)

A. Case Status When Not Cleared

1. Active

a. This status is used at the conclusion of an investigative summary when an investigation is still active and possesses a degree of solvability.

Investigators will not maintain a case report in “Active” status beyond thirty (suggestion) days unless a continuing flow of information and leads are available to support the “Active” status.

2. Inactive

a. This status is used at the conclusion of an investigative summary to indicate all investigative efforts have been exhausted, there is an unavailability of investigation resources and/or insufficient degree of seriousness and the case will be inactive pending the development of further information.


Rev. 01/01/2019

ATTENTION CEO: If the agency does not use a computerized data base to track cases, the agency must have in place a log, record or other type of tracking mechanism to track case assignment to the CID function.


b. If new information is discovered on an inactive or unassigned case, the supervisor will then assign the case to an Investigator.


Rev. 01/01/2019


c. A supervisor must approve the clearing of a case or moving it to an “Inactive” status.

B. Cleared Case Status

Cases will receive a clearance status upon conclusion of the investigation by an Investigator. They will be classified as follows:

1. Cleared by Arrest

a. An offense is cleared by arrest when one or more persons are arrested and held for prosecution.

2. Cleared / Unfounded

a. An offense is considered unfounded when the investigation yields no evidence to verify that the incident occurred.

3. Exceptionally Cleared

a. An offense is considered cleared by exception when it falls into one or more of the following categories:

(a) The handling of a juvenile offender, either by verbal or written notice to parents in instances involving minor offenses.

(b) Suicide of the offender (the person responsible is dead)(c) Double murder (two persons killed each other)(d) Deathbed confession (the person responsible dies after

making the confession)(e) Offender killed by law enforcement or citizen(f) Confession by offender already in custody or serving

sentence (this actually is a variation of a true clearance by arrest - you would not “apprehend” the offender, but in most situations like this the offender would be prosecuted on a new charge.

(g) An offender prosecuted in another city for a different offense by state or local authorities or prosecuted in another city or state by federal government for another offense (you attempt to return them for prosecution, but the other jurisdiction will not release to you).


Rev. 01/01/2019


C. Case Control/Monthly Report

Case assignment records will be maintained by the CID supervisors for the purpose of preparing monthly activity reports. These records will be maintained on the case management system. The case management system will show the following:

1. Case number.

2. Type of crime.

3. Date of occurrence.

4. Date of assignment.

5. Case status.

(a) No leads.(b) No prosecution. (c) Leads exhausted.(d) Cleared by arrest; adult, juvenile.(e) Counts.

6. Date case closed/inactivated.

(Note: Section 5a through e and Section 6 require supplemental reports to validate the status.)

VIII. INVESTIGATIVE DIVISION CASE FILES

Original incident, supplemental and investigative reports shall be forwarded to the Records Section where they will be filed (permanently scanned into the optical imaging


Rev. 01/01/2019

ATTENTION CEO: The scanning or filing of CONFIDENTIAL documents or any other document in this section is up to the agency how it is done. It is highly recommended that some type of electronic file management system is used so a permanent record can be kept and easily located in the event the case becomes a cold case or the investigator leaves the agency or is reassigned etc.The following section should be tailored to match the records management system used by the agency.


file system.) Materials of a confidential nature shall be marked CONFIDENTIAL in red ink prior to scanning so information of a non-public nature will not be released to unauthorized personnel. Scanning/filing of confidential documents shall be done by the administrative assistant to the command staff and CID. (GLECP Std. 6.24c) The computerized file system provides several levels of records access and security based upon the type of record. For example, limit access to reports by individuals’ permissions. (GLECP Std. 6.24d)A working copy of the case file shall be used by the investigator. These case files will contain copies of all reports, supplemental reports, statements, crime lab reports, case status reports and other reports and records used for investigative purposes. Statements, video or audio recordings, forged documents and other items of an evidentiary nature will be placed into evidence and not maintained as part of the working copy. Once a case file is completed, it shall be turned in to the CID Commander for review. All case files completed, leads exhausted, unfounded or no prosecution are reviewed for completeness and accuracy.Purging of files is not necessary as all “original” files are maintained electronically. Working copies are the responsibility of the assigned Investigator and no permanent storage space is provided. (GLECP Std. 6.24e) Any requests under the Open Records Act pertaining to an active investigation or of a nature deemed confidential under the act shall be reviewed by the CID Commander before release.Other files maintained in Criminal Investigations Division include informant files, monthly and annual reports, field interview reports.

IX.PROCEDURE FOR SERIOUS INJURY OR DEATH CRIME SCENE PROCESSING

A. Serious Injury

1. Upon arrival of the first officer on the scene, the officer will consult with the medical technician present (EMT) and determine if there is a serious injury or a death.

2. If there is a serious injury and not a death, the officer will allow the medical technician to treat and transport the injured.

3. The officer will secure the crime scene and detain all witnesses, if possible. If a witness must leave the location the officer shall


Rev. 01/01/2019


record the name of the

4. witness, home and work addresses and phone numbers and a brief statement of what was witnessed, if possible.

5. The officer will notify the Communications Center and request a supervisor to respond to the scene. Upon their assessment, the supervisor shall authorize notification of the detective.

6. Upon the detective’s assessment of the scene, they will brief their supervisor and identify the additional resources needed to conduct the investigation. Upon receiving the information, the supervisor shall provide the appropriate response.

B. Natural Death

Upon arrival of the first officer, the officer will carefully observe the scene. If the officer can determine from the immediate circumstances that the death is natural, he will notify the Communications Center to dispatch a supervisor to the scene. The supervisor will make a final determination as to the circumstances surrounding the death. After all questions and possibilities about the death have been satisfied and the death is considered natural, the Medical Examiner may be called to the scene. In all cases of death the Medical Examiner will be notified regardless of the circumstances.

C. Violent or Suspicious Death, Homicide Cases

1. Upon arrival on the scene, officers are to secure the scene, establish a perimeter, provide for medical services for the injured, and begin to identify and interview witnesses. If a witness cannot be retained the officer shall record all required information and forward that information to the Investigator.

2. The officer will request a supervisor respond to the scene. If an Investigator is needed, the supervisor authorize notification.

3. The officer will remain on the scene until relieved by the Investigator in charge.


Rev. 01/01/2019

ATTENTION CEO: Note if the agency has a medical examiner to work the scene, use that term. If no, the coroner should be immediately notified to declare the individual dead. Please refer to 45-16-24 for list of circumstances when the medical examiner/coroner are required to be notified.


4. Upon arrival of the Medical Examiner, the Investigator in charge will cooperate with the Medical Examiner so they can:

a. Evaluate the scene.b. Take photographs of the body.c. Complete measurements. d. Jointly with the Investigators, search and remove the

personal property from the deceased. The Investigator and Crime Scene Technician will ensure that a complete inventory of all personal effects is made and release any non-evidentiary personal property to the Medical Examiner for return to the person entitled to same.

5. Property of evidentiary value on the deceased or at the scene will be thoroughly inventoried by the Investigator and/or Crime Scene Technician.

6. Upon completion of the crime scene search, the Investigator and the Medical Examiner will coordinate the release of the body for autopsy or other appropriate disposition.

D. Handling of Homicide Cases

The responsibility for coordinating the entire investigation will rest with Criminal Investigations Division/Georgia Bureau of Investigation and they shall have the sole responsibility of handling the technical phases of the investigation. The first officer to arrive on the scene and other Division or section personnel will also have definite responsibilities in such cases.

It should be noted that the ultimate solution to any homicide case can be seriously impaired or perhaps even completely destroyed if the scene is disturbed or contaminated by members of this department or unauthorized persons. Extreme care should be exercises in isolating the scene immediately and it should remain so until competent authority directs otherwise. To ensure all such cases are being handled in an efficient and businesslike manner, it is hereby ordered that the following procedure be followed in all homicide cases, serious assaults where death may result or any sudden deaths of a suspicious nature.

1. Duties of the First Officer to Arrive on the Scene

a. If there is any possibility of the victim being alive, administer first aid and summon or have someone else summon an ambulance or nearby physician.


Rev. 01/01/2019


(a) If the victim is removed to a hospital and there is only one officer present, he shall remain and protect the scene. Notification shall

be made to the Shift Supervisor who shall respond to the scene and determine if additional assistance is needed. Another officer shall proceed to the hospital to obtain a statement or report from the victim, if possible. If two officers are present, an officer will accompany the victim to the hospital and the other will remain at the scene.

b. An officer who accompanies a victim or who is sent to a hospital in such cases must in every instance make an effort to obtain a description of the assailant, their identity if possible, and a complete statement of facts or dying declaration when necessary and forward any pertinent information to the Communications Center immediately.

c. The officer shall take possession of all clothing removed from the victim at the hospital and shall caution hospital personnel against loss or destruction of other articles of clothing left on the body.

d. Arrest perpetrator if possible.e. Protect the immediate area of the crime scene, indoors and

outdoors.

(a) Patrol officers will not touch or disturb anything at the crime scene. (EXCEPTION: Evidence may be taken into possession by an officer if, in their judgment, the evidence may be lost, stolen or damaged if left in its original position.) However, if evidence is removed due to extreme circumstances, the officer shall note the exact location and position of the evidence and forward the information to the Investigator. Extreme care should be exercised not to contaminate the scene.

(b) The room or the immediate area of the crime scene will be cleared of all unauthorized persons except such officials whose presence is required and/or authorized.

f. Request the supervisor to respond to the scene. Request additional officers if needed to secure/process the crime scene.

g. Notify the Communications Center by telephone or radio of all particulars which have been obtained, especially the description of suspect, route of escape, etc., and request whatever assistance is required; i.e. Investigators, ___________ Crime Scene Unit, Medical


Rev. 01/01/2019


Examiner, etc. If the officer would have to leave the scene unsecured to make the call, the officer will remain at the scene and direct a civilian to make the call.

h. Pending arrival of Criminal Investigations Division, the officer will:

(a) See that the body is undisturbed. If it is necessary to move the body to the hospital or elsewhere, the officer will indicate the

position of the body by taking photos. (b) Obtain names, addresses and identification of all

witnesses and detain them, if possible. If not, record the necessary information.

(c) Exercise every precaution to safeguard any fingerprints or other evidence, being careful to avoid destroying or impairing their value by careless handling.

(d) Upon arrival of an Investigator or commanding officer, inform them of the following:

i. The witnesses being detained.ii. The evidence found, especially any evidence which

has been handled by the officer or other people.iii. All other information regarding the case.

i. Enter all facts and details regarding the case in their field notes, especially such things as date and time of call, time of arrival, weather and lighting conditions, location, names and addresses of suspects and witnesses, complete identification of victim, description and location of evidence, description of crime scene, etc.

j. Remain with the members of Criminal Investigations Division under their supervision until the conclusion of the crime scene investigation.

k. In cases requiring a prolonged investigation, the first officer on the scene may be detailed to plainclothes to work with the Investigators.

2. Duties of Criminal Investigations Division

a. Duties at the crime scene:

(a) Upon arrival the Criminal Investigations Division shall take charge of the crime scene. However, the patrol officer


Rev. 01/01/2019


remains charged with the responsibility of continuing to protect the murder scene as aforementioned until the scene has been completely processed by Criminal Investigations Division and/or the Crime Scene Unit. No authorized person may enter the restricted area without the permission of the Investigator in charge of the investigation. This will include members of this department not assigned to the investigation.

b. Direct the taking of photographs and the search for fingerprints and other evidence.

c. Make required notes and sketches of the crime scene.d. Assist the Medical Examiner.

e. Record, mark, preserve and take custody of all evidence in the case and deliver the evidence to the Evidence Custodian or the crime lab for processing.

f. Keep accurate records of the entire case, especially those records concerning:

(a) Possession and marking of evidence and where found.(b) Custody of prisoners (chain of custody).(c) Detailed description of crime scene.(d) Medical Examiner’s report.

g. Have all witnesses or other persons having knowledge of the crime taken to law enforcement headquarters for interviewing, with an Investigator present.

(a) If this is impractical, an officer shall question the person and take necessary statements immediately.

(b) Direct that such questioning be done privately and, if possible; prevent witnesses from discussing the case among themselves until they have been interviewed individually.

h. Keep communications informed of updates of the assailant’s description and identity, as well as the route and method of escape, weapon used and any probable injuries suffered by the attacker.

i. Assign personnel necessary to canvas the neighborhood with Investigators. These men will question all persons who may have knowledge or information regarding the crime.

j. Assign personnel to search the surrounding area for any evidence which may have been lost or disposed of by the assailant while in flight. Whenever possible, the


Rev. 01/01/2019


Investigators will supervise this search. k. Conduct whatever investigation necessary outside the city

limits of ___________, including communications or extradition processes.

l. Review the case with the District Attorney to assure full preparation of case for trial.

3. Control of Suspect Following Arrest

a. Whenever a suspect is arrested in a homicide case, Criminal Investigations Division will be notified immediately.

b. Clothing and other evidence from the suspect will be marked, preserved for contamination and delivered to the evidence custodian whenever laboratory analysis is required.

E. Crime Scene Search and Investigative Reports

1. It will be the Investigator’s responsibility to conduct a thorough crime scene search, inventory all evidence, describe all evidence and identify the location of all evidence in coordination with any crime scene personnel.

2. The Investigator will include the results of the crime scene search, a sketch of the crime scene, if necessary, and details of items of evidence found and released.

3. In the event of a suicide and the location of a suicide note, the Investigator shall preserve the suicide note for subsequent processing.

4. The evidence custodian or Investigator in charge will take appropriate photographs at the scene and at the autopsy, collect appropriate evidence and submit same to the GBI Crime laboratory.

5. The Evidence Technician will prepare a supplemental report on photographs taken and evidence collected and submits same to the investigative officer.

6. The Evidence Technician will have photos digitally recorded and retain them for the Medical Examiner’s inquest and any subsequent judicial proceedings.

7. The Investigator or Evidence Technician may be required to appear at the autopsy to ensure that any additional evidence is observed


Rev. 01/01/2019


and released to the Property and Evidence Custodian. The Investigator should observe the location and nature of the wounds to assist with their subsequent testimony and investigation.

8. The Investigator in charge of the investigation will assemble a complete investigative report including details of the crime scene search, inventory of personal property, evidence obtained, photos taken (which will be in the supplemental provided by the Evidence Technician) and a copy of crime lab reports. The investigative file shall be turned over to the Investigator’s immediate supervisor or CID Commander for inspection.

X. FORGERY AND HANDWRITING SAMPLES

FORGERY - Valid checks which have been altered in any manner are considered forged documents. In addition, when a person cashing a check signs a fictitious name or a true name which is not their own, the crime shall be considered as a forgery, Georgia Code 16-9-1.

A. General Procedures

As soon as an officer/Investigator has determined they have a forgery case, they should examine the original check and determine how it has been marked by the bank.

1. Checks marked in the following manner are generally forgeries:

a. Unauthorized signature.b. Signature irregular.c. Stolen.d. Cannot locate account.

2. A passed check which has been determined to be a bad check must be presented to the magistrate and handled in accordance with Georgia Code 16-9-20. This will be handled as a civil matter by this court. No other action is required by the investigating officer unless he is directed to do so by the court.

3. In cases of forgery, it is necessary to have the original check to compare with known fingerprints and handwriting samples if a suspect has been identified. When the check is seized by the officer, it shall be handled and processed in accordance with the procedure for submitting documentary evidence.


Rev. 01/01/2019


4. Forgery cases will be completed by Criminal Investigations Division. Patrol officers will take the initial report when an Investigator is not available and will handle the submitting of documentary evidence when required. If possible, the complainant should be directed to see the Investigators in order to provide additional information that might be required to bring the case to a successful conclusion.

5. Investigators investigating forgery cases shall:

a. Attempt to locate the pattern (master) signature that the forger used to trace the signature of another. If this pattern signature is located, it shall be submitted as evidence and for examination.

b. If the signature is simulated or copied, the Investigator shall have the suspect write samples of the exact signature and then submit these as evidence and for examination.

c. If the Investigator compares a forged signature with the original and finds that the forgery is a freehand simulation, they shall attempt to obtain samples of the same signature from the suspect.

B. Collection of Handwriting Samples

1. Investigators obtaining known handwriting samples from suspects shall adhere to the following procedures:

2. Duplicate the original conditions as nearly as possible when having a suspect give a sample of writing; i.e. use the same size paper, same size writing area, same writing instrument—pencil, ballpoint pen, fountain pen, etc.).

3. Have the suspect review and sign the handwriting waiver form. If the suspect refuses to sign the form, handwriting samples cannot be taken.

4. Dictate to the suspect what they are to write. Do not allow the suspect to see the original or copy of a questioned document.

5. Remove each sample of writing from the suspect’s view as it is completed. This will hamper attempts on the part of the suspect to disguise their writing.

6. Do not give the suspect instructions in spelling, punctuation or paragraph arrangement.


Rev. 01/01/2019


7. If the questioned document consists of a signature or a few words, have the suspect prepare at least 25 samples of the original writing. When the signature or other writing on the back of a check is questioned have the suspect write the required number of samples on the unlined side, narrow end, of a 3 x 5 index card (or other form used). This will duplicate endorsement conditions found on the back of a check.

8. Where the questioned document consists of a long paragraph or a number of paragraphs, have the suspect prepare at least three to five samples of the original writing.

9. Make photocopies of all original forms and place copies in the investigative file.

10.Forward all forms, samples and original evidence to the Property and Evidence Custodian to be forwarded to the crime lab or for securing evidence in accordance with departmental procedures.


Rev. 01/01/2019


XI.ARSON INVESTIGATION PROCEDURES

A. Fire Scene Investigation/Fire Department on Scene

1. The following guidelines shall be followed whenever suspicious fires or arsons are being investigated within the City of ___________ and the fire department has responded:

a. The fire department, upon its arrival at a fire scene, will be solely responsible for determining the origin of the fire.

b. If the origin is of a suspicious nature, the ranking fire officer at the scene shall immediately contact a fire department investigator/State Fire Marshal and have them respond.

c. Upon the arrival of the fire department investigator, it shall be their responsibility to conduct a preliminary fire investigation into the exact cause of the fire.

d. If, after this investigation, the fire department investigator determines that it is necessary to contact the fire department investigator or State Fire Marshal’s office, they shall contact the Patrol Supervisor who shall make contact with Criminal Investigations Division or the on-call Investigator.

e. The law enforcement department Investigator, upon their arrival at the scene, shall initiate a secondary investigation into the identity of the subject(s) responsible.

f. Patrol officers are to assist the law enforcement department Investigator with the investigation or arrest as may be required.

B. Fire Scene Investigation/Fire Department Not Called

1. If an officer has been called to the scene of a fire which has been extinguished by someone other than the fire department and the fire department has not responded to the scene, they shall conduct a preliminary investigation into the origin of the fire.

2. If the officer determines that the fire is of a suspicious origin or arson, he shall reflect this fact on the appropriate report and shall notify the Patrol Supervisor.

3. If the officer feels that the assistance of the Investigator is needed, and if the fire has caused extensive property damage, they shall notify the Patrol Supervisor who shall notify the Fire Marshal and, if


Rev. 01/01/2019


needed, an Investigator.

4. The Investigator, upon their arrival at the scene, shall assume command of the investigation. Patrol officers shall assist the Investigator with the investigation or arrest as may be required.

C. Investigation of Fatal Fires

1. Fire investigators shall be contacted on all fatal fires by the Patrol Supervisor and work in conjunction with fire department investigators.

2. Law enforcement officers responding to fatal fire scenes shall make every effort to preserve the scene. In addition, any bodies found shall not be removed, prior to the completion of the fire scene investigation.

XII. DYING DECLARATIONS

Department members investigating homicides shall make every effort to obtain a dying declaration from a victim of a homicide.

A. The principle element in a dying declaration is dependent upon the mental attitude of the victim. In order for a dying declaration to be admissible in court, the victim must have no hope of recovery. Any statements given are to be reduced to writing and signed by all witnesses present.

XIII. SUSPECT IDENTIFICATION (GLECP Std. 6.21)

A. DEFINITIONS

1. SHOWUP: Identification procedure in which a witness is presented with a single individual.

2. PHOTO LINEUP: Identification procedure in which a photograph of a suspect and photographs of fillers are displayed to a witness, either in hard copy form or via computer.

3. LIVE LINEUP: An identification procedure in which a suspect and fillers are displayed in person to a witness.

4. FILLERS: Individuals who are not suspects.


Rev. 01/01/2019


5. SUSPECT: Individual believed by law enforcement to be the possible perpetrator of an alleged crime.

6. WITNESS: An individual who observes an alleged crime.

B. SHOWUPS

Many courts have suppressed identification evidence based on the use of show-ups because of the inherent suggestiveness of the practice. Therefore, the use of show-ups should be avoided whenever possible in preference for the use of other identification techniques. However, when exigent circumstances require the use of show-ups, the following guidelines should be followed.

1. Show-ups are only to be done when the suspect was located close in proximity of time and location of the incident. Show-ups should not be conducted when the suspect is in a cell, manacled or dressed in jail clothing.

2. Show-ups shall not be conducted with more than one witness. The witnesses should not be permitted to communicate before or after the show-up regarding the identification of the suspect.

3. The same suspect shall not be presented to the same witness more than once.

4. Show-up suspects shall not be required to put on clothing worn by the perpetrator, to speak words uttered by the perpetrator or to perform other actions of the perpetrator.

5. Words or conduct of any type by officers that may suggest to the witness that the individual is or may be the perpetrator should be scrupulously avoided.

XIV. PHOTOGRAPHIC IDENTIFICATION

In conducting photographic identifications officers should adhere to the following procedures.

A. Photographic identifications must use multiple photographs shown individually to a witness or simultaneously in a book, array or via computer.


Rev. 01/01/2019


B. Principles for conducting lineups generally apply to photo identifications. In particular, officers should:

1. Use at least six photographs of individuals who are reasonably similar in age, height, weight and general appearance and of the same sex and race;

2. Photographs utilized must be similar – color vs. black and white photos, same size and basic composition, and mug shots vs. snapshots or include more than one photo of the same suspect;

3. Cover any portions of mug shots or other photographs that provide identifying information on the subject, and similarly cover those used in the array;

4. Show the photo array to only one witness at a time;

5. Never make suggestive statements that may influence the judgment or perception of the witness. The witness will be told that the suspect may or may not be in the photo lineup.

6. Preserve the photo array, together with full information about the identification process in evidence, for future reference.

7. Have an individual, either another officer or civilian employee, who does not know the identity of the suspect conduct the photo lineup.

8. If no other person is available to conduct the photo lineup, then the officer conducting the photo lineup will place the photographs in folders and randomly shuffled and then presented to the witness. The officer conducting the photo lineup will place themselves in a position so they cannot physically see which photograph is viewed by the witness until the procedure is complete.

9. Obtain a written statement in the witness’s own words expressing the confidence level of the identification made by the witness. A numeric reference is not necessary, but rather, a clear statement as to the witnesses’

confidence level that the individual or photograph identified is the individual or photograph of the individual how committed the alleged crime.

XV. LIVE LINEUPS

A. The primary investigating officer is responsible for:


Rev. 01/01/2019


1. Scheduling the lineup on a date and at a time that is convenient for all concerned parties, to include the prosecuting attorney, defense counsel and all witnesses;

2. Fulfill the necessary legal requirements for transfer of the subject to the lineup location should the subject be incarcerated at a detention center, make timely notice to the detention center concerning the pickup and make arrangements for picking up the prisoner; and

3. Make arrangements to have a minimum of four other persons act as fillers at the lineup who are the same race, sex and approximate height, weight, age and physical appearance and who are similarly clothed.

B. The officer in charge of conducting the lineup shall:

1. Ensure that the prisoner has been informed of their right to counsel if formal charges have been made against the prisoner, and also ensure that the prisoner has the opportunity to retain counsel or request that one be provided;

2. Obtain a written waiver on the __________ form should the prisoner waive their right to counsel;

3. Allow counsel representing the accused sufficient time to confer with their client prior to the lineup and observe the manner in which the lineup is conducted;

4. Advise the accused that they may take any position in the lineup that they prefer and may change positions prior to summoning a new witness;

5. Ensure that all persons in the lineup are numbered consecutively and are referred to only by number;

6. Ensure that a complete written record and video recording of the lineup proceedings are made and retained;

7. Ensure that witnesses are not permitted to see nor are they shown any photographs of the accused immediately prior to the lineup;

8. Ensure that not more than one witness views the lineup at a time and that they are not permitted to speak with one another during lineup proceedings; and


Rev. 01/01/2019


9. Scrupulously avoid using statements, clues, casual comments or providing unnecessary or irrelevant information that in any manner may influence the witnesses' decision-making process or perception.


Rev. 01/01/2019


10.A statement as described in section III B9 will also be completed.

11.Another person, either an officer or civilian employee, who does not know the identity of the suspect, will conduct the live lineup.

XVI. TECHNICAL AIDS/POLYGRAPH

When an Investigator feels a polygraph examination may be a useful tool to their investigation, the Investigator may request a polygraph examination of the person(s) involved. The Investigator cannot force anyone to take the examination; it must be given on a voluntary basis. The Investigator shall consult with their immediate supervisor prior to scheduling a polygraph examination by a licensed operator.

XVII. ASSIGNMENT OF PATROL OFFICERS TO INVESTIGATIVE SECTION

A. Temporary re-assignment of patrol personnel affords the opportunity not only to strengthen the investigative process but also to enhance career development of the individual officer, create a pool of patrol officers who possess investigative experience and provides improved preliminary investigations by patrol officers.

B. Whenever investigative workload increases or when a special operation is underway, the CID Commander shall request the Patrol Commander for additional staffing. The Division Commander may assign patrol officers to the Criminal Investigations Division for up to ______ months through the chain of command.

C. Patrol officers assigned to Criminal Investigations Division shall report in plainclothes according to the dress code established for investigative personnel.

D. Rate of pay for re-assigned officers shall remain the same as patrol officers with proper recording of overtime.

E. Patrol officers shall receive adequate training by Criminal Investigations Division before being assigned cases.

XVIII. ATTENDANCE AT PATROL DIVISION ROLL CALL

Investigators will conduct, at a minimum, weekly briefings at patrol roll call to ensure cooperation and enhance the exchange of information. These briefings should include information about criminal activity, crime patterns,


Rev. 01/01/2019


BOLO’s, and any other information that needs to be disseminated and to hand out materials. Investigators will note the exchange of information in case files when applicable.

XIX. INVESTIGATORS ON CALL (GLECP Std. 6.22)

The CID Commander will ensure that department supervisors and the Communications Center are furnished with an accurate list of Investigators who are on call after normal duty hours. Any call for an Investigator during this time will be cleared through the patrol shift supervisor. In the event that the Investigator on call cannot be located, the CID Commander should be notified.

XX. INVESTIGATOR VEHICLES

Vehicles used by Criminal Investigations Division shall be unmarked.

XXI. USE OF INFORMANTS (GLECP Std. 6.28)

A. POLICY

It is the policy of the ___________ Department to use and control the services of confidential informants in a productive and responsible manner. Informant matters must be carefully handled to protect the integrity of the Department, preserve the legality of cases made with the assistance of informants and to insure a professional and responsible relationship with informants.

B. DEFINITIONS

1. INFORMANT - An individual who secretly furnishes information or evidence concerning crimes or criminal activity, generally on a recurring basis. The provisions of this procedure do not apply to concerned citizens who merely provide information anonymously.

2. CONTROLLING OFFICER - The officer or investigator who has direct contact with, and control of the informant.

C. RESPONSIBILITIES

1. The Criminal Investigations Division Commander is responsible for authorizing informant payments for all types of criminal information such as narcotics, robbery, homicide, thefts, terrorist or hate activities, or any other information of value relating to the law enforcement effort. They will maintain all informant payment


Rev. 01/01/2019


records and informant files. The CID Commander is responsible for guiding the controlling officers in the use of informants.

2. The controlling officer is responsible for the direct management of their informants. These responsibilities include:

a. Instructing the informant as to the informant's limitations.

b. Ensuring, within legal and administrative requirements, the confidentiality of the informant's identity.

c. Determining when it may be appropriate to terminate the individual's formal informant status.

D. EVALUATING POTENTIAL INFORMANTS

1. Informants can be valuable in solving and preventing crime and are a necessary part of law enforcement. However, officers must keep in mind that informants, unlike citizens who simply report crime to law enforcement, are often motivated by some self-serving interest. Often, they are involved in criminal activity themselves and want to eliminate their competition or they may be seeking revenge, financial gain, or consideration on pending criminal charges. It is not uncommon for some informants to claim that they "work for" an agency, intentionally giving the false impression that they are an employee. This claim may be coupled with improper or illegal behavior by the informant. In some cases, their motive is simply to embarrass and discredit an officer or agency by providing false information. Officers must be alert for any attempts by the informant to control or manipulate the officer.

2. Interview the individual to determine the motive for assistance. Ascertain if the individual has been an informant for another officer or agency. The informant's participation must be completely voluntary.

3. Perform a criminal history record check. If there is a history, obtain a copy of the rap sheet. If the informant has criminal cases pending, the prosecutor having jurisdiction over those cases must be notified that the individual is seeking informant status with this department. This should be done prior to any informant being used for any directed activity, such as a narcotics buy.

4. Check with other officers and law enforcement agencies who may know the subject to determine credibility. Try to determine whether the person is giving them the same information. This will have a


Rev. 01/01/2019


bearing on both credibility and any consideration for payment. Document any assistance provided to another agency on the CI Profile Form.

5. Do not use the following individuals except in extraordinary circumstances and with the approval of the CID Commander.

a. Any individual previously shown to be unreliable.

b. Any individual under the age of 18. Before such an informant can be used, approval of the parent or guardian must be obtained. The parent or guardian must sign an agreement specifying the confidential informants conduct. The parent or guardian must also sign the waiver of liability. (GLECP Std. 5.27f)

c. Any individual who is a defendant in any pending state or federal prosecution, without the approval of the responsible agency.

E. ADMINISTRATION

1. An officer seeking to establish an individual as an informant will submit a Confidential Informant Profile Form along with a criminal history, fingerprint card and photo to the CID Commander. The CI Profile Form will contain the following information: (GLECP Std. 6.28b)

a. Individual’s true nameb. Date of birthc. Race & Sexd. Height, Weight, Hair & Eye Colore. Addressf. Real signatureg. Alias signature

Include any additional information on the CI Profile Form that would affect how the individual would be used as an informant, such as occupation, income, associates, personal idiosyncrasies, attitude toward law enforcement and places frequented.

2. The CID Commander will review the CI Profile Sheet for completeness and accuracy and approve or disapprove any source as an informant. If approved, the CID Commander will issue an identifying number to be used by all officers in referring to the informant in any reports, court testimony, financial statements, receipts, correspondence, or any other written reference.


Rev. 01/01/2019


The number will be constructed using the following format: CI-YY-NNNN

a. "CI" stands for "Confidential Informant.”b. "YY" is the last two digits of the calendar year.c. "NNNN" is a four-digit sequential number.

EXAMPLE: The first informant approved for the year 2014 will be CI-14-0001.

3. The CID Commander will check requests against a master file list of current and past informants prior to issuing new CI numbers. If a record of the subject is located indicating that the individual is currently, or was previously an informant, the CID Commander will determine whether or not to use the subject. If the individual was deactivated for cause, the CID Commander and the Chief Executive Officer will confer and must agree that it is in the best interest of the Department to reactivate the informant. (GLECP Std. 6.28a)

4. Once the informant is assigned a number, the informant will retain that number as long as he or she is used by any controlling officer of the Department. A reactivated informant will use the same CI number previously held unless consideration of confidentiality indicates a new number is needed.

5. Each approved informant must sign a Confidential Informant Agreement governing the conduct of confidential informants using their given name signature, witnessed by the controlling officer.

6. All contacts with informants must be documented within 24 hours.

7. A copy of all investigative supplemental that contains the CI number must be a part of the file.

F. DOCUMENTATION

1. A file will be maintained on each informant used by the ___________ Department. The files will contain payment records, case involvement and CI information. All active and inactive informants will be maintained in a master file to be maintained by the CID commander and/or his/her designee. Only the CID Commander or their designee will have access to the informant file. The file will contain the following information on the informant: (GLECP Std. 6.28b, c)

a. Profile Form


Rev. 01/01/2019


b. Criminal historyc. Fingerprint cardd. Photoe. Date of contact with Investigator; andf. Opening and closing debriefing summaries.g. CI number

2. Investigators will keep the above information current on their informants. This is performed as a safety measure. This will be accomplished by periodically completing a new CI packet.

3. Documents concerning informants will be kept by the CID Commander in a location with limited access, based on a need-to-know. Informant files will be kept in two parts in order to prevent the entire file from mistakenly being taken into court. Using this procedure, the payment records of an informant could be used in court if necessary, but no personal information can be given without the order of the court. The contents of each part will be as follows: (GLECP Std. 6.28c, d)

a. The Part I folder will contain only the informant pay record. This folder will be labeled with the informant's identifying CI number and will be maintained by the CID Commander.

b. The Part II folder will contain all other information on the informant and is labeled with the informant's identifying number.

The original copy of the confidential informant’s profile and other documents are kept in this folder. This folder will be kept strictly confidential. This folder will not be removed from the office unless so ordered by the CID Commander. Access to this folder is limited to the Control Officer and the CID Commander. Any other person, including officers of equal or higher rank must have a right and need to know in order to have access to the file. All informants will have a Part II folder. This folder will serve to document the performance of the informant to establish legal reliability.

G. CONFIDENTIALITY OF INFORMANT INFORMATION (GLECP Std. 6.28e)

1. The identity of all informants will be treated as confidential and no disclosure of any informant's identity will be made if at all possible. Any time an informant specifically states, or otherwise communicates they wish to remain confidential; the controlling


Rev. 01/01/2019


officer will indicate this fact in a written supplemental report.

2. Any disclosure of an informant's identity will be discussed by the controlling officer, prosecutor and CID Commander before trial. It may be preferable to dismiss a case rather than jeopardize the life and safety of an informant.

3. While testifying, if the controlling officer is presented with the question of disclosure which may directly or indirectly compromise informant confidentiality and is uncertain of the legal requirements, they should make a request for time to consult with the prosecutor to discuss the alternatives.

Alternatives should be discussed with the Prosecutor prior to the trial with the decision made in advance.

4. "Informant Participants" who actually play an active role in investigations; i.e.; present at drug sales, etc., will not be promised anonymity as the court may rule in an in-camera hearing that their identity must be revealed, and they must testify if called by the defense.

H. MANAGING INFORMANTS

1. Informants are not employees of the ___________ Department, but using an informant imposes a special responsibility on the Department. It is essential that any officer working with an informant carefully communicate what limitations are imposed on an informant. Unsupervised or careless use of informants is counterproductive and creates problems for both the officers who use them and the Department.

2. Officers receiving information from informants will never take enforcement action based solely on the word of an informant. Informant information is only a part of the probable cause needed to initiate enforcement action. Officers will substantiate informant information and obtain additional information from other sources sufficient to meet the requirements of probable cause. Officers will always attempt to determine the informant's motive for providing the information and be cautious not to make any promise to the informant that cannot be kept.

3. When working with informants of the opposite gender, juveniles, meetings should be held in public places or under circumstances where the possibility of improper conduct accusations or physical danger will be minimized. This precaution is especially important during early contacts with the informant when motives may be


Rev. 01/01/2019


unknown. No Investigator will meet with an informant of the opposite gender without another investigator present as a witness. (GLECP Std. 6.28g)

4. The initial meeting with an informant will be made by two Investigators.

5. Under no circumstances will an Investigator ask an informant to engage in any illegal conduct. Controlling officers will ensure that informants understand that criminal behavior on their part will not be condoned or protected. Controlling officers will ensure that the conduct of informants does not in any manner, encourage the commission of a crime. This is especially important where the informant is involved in active law enforcement directed conduct such as a narcotics buy. Controlling officers will explain the provisions of the Georgia law regarding entrapment (OCGA

16-3-25) to their informants. Any encouragement of criminal activity is prohibited.

I. PAYMENTS TO INFORMANTS (GLECP Std. 6.28d)

1. Informant payments will be with the advance approval of the CID Commander. The CID Commander will establish criteria for the payment of informants and has the responsibility of determining the circumstances under which payments are authorized and the amounts of payments. No amount in excess of (List $ Amount) will be approved without the approval of the Chief Executive Officer.

2. No specific amount of payment in excess of $200.00 will be discussed with the informant by any officer prior to a meeting between the CID Commander and Chief Executive Officer.

3. Upon payment, the informant will sign a receipt and the officer will witness the signature. A copy of the case supplemental documenting the results of the informant’s information will be attached to the pay voucher. The informant may use their CI# for signing receipts for compensation, but his/her identifying number must be on the receipt in the informant's own hand. This record will be kept in the Part I CI File for fiscal management. The CID Commander will review informant payment records quarterly.

4. Each payment to an informant will be recorded. An audit of informant payment records may be made by the Chief Executive Officer or their


Rev. 01/01/2019


designee at any time. Individuals outside of the Department will only have access to the payment records.

J. DEACTIVATION OF INFORMANTS

1. When a controlling officer determines that an informant is no longer useful to the Department, they will submit a report to the CID Commander. The CID Commander will review the report and circumstances to determine application. Upon approval, the report will be placed in the informant's Part II personal history folder and the folder will be labeled "Deactivated".

2. If an informant violates the provisions of the agreement of conduct governing confidential informants, their informant status will be terminated. A report citing the violations or other reason for termination will be placed in the informant's Part II folder. Any consideration of retention must be approved by the CID Commander.


Rev. 01/01/2019