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Page 1: The$ G E M iGEM)compeon2010.igem.org/wiki/images/1/1c/TUDelft_20100520_projectpresentati… · 20-05-2010  · Our$Plan$ Create$biobricks,$which$will$facilitate$&$standardize$the$
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•  The  interna)onal  Gene)cally  Engineered  Machine  (iGEM)  compe))on    – Annual  worldwide  Synthe)c  Biology  compe))on  for  undergraduate  university  students  organized  by  MIT  (Boston)  

•  The  aim:  – Build  “simple”  biological  systems  from  standard,  interchangeable  parts  (Biobricks)  and  operate  them  in  living  cells  

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Our  Goal  To  build  a  biological  system  that  can  facilitate  the  degrada)on  of  hydrocarbons  (oil)  in  an  

aqueous  environment  

Why?  Examples:  

•  Clean  up  aMer  an  oil  spill  (Gulf  of  Mexico)  

•  Trea)ng  waste  water  from  Oil  Sands  extrac)on  process  (Canada)  

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Our  Plan  Create  biobricks,  which  will  facilitate  &  standardize  the  following  in  E.coli:  

1.  Hydrocarbon    •  Degrada)on  (alkanes)  •  Sensing  •  Tolerance  

2.  Salt  tolerance  3.  Emulsifier  produc)on  4.  Modeling  (MFA)  

Time  Frame:  Deadline:  October  2010  

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Hydrocarbon  Degrada)on  Aerobic  oxida)on  of  alkanes  

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Step  1:  •  C5-­‐13  alkanes  or  C5-­‐8  Cycloalkanes  

•  AlkB  from  Gordonia  sp.  •  membrane  protein  •  Has  been  expressed  and  fully  

characterized  (in  vivo)  in  E.coli  •  Fujii  et  al.  (2004)  [1]  

•  C15-­‐36  alkanes  •  LadA  from  G.  thermodenitrificans  •  Uses  Flavin  Mononucleo)de  (FMN)  

complex  •  Li  et  al.  (2008)  [2]  

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Hydrocarbon  Degrada)on  Aerobic  oxida)on  of  alkanes  

Step  2:  •  Alcohol  Dehydrogenase  (ADH)  

•  Bacillus  thermoleovorans  •  Expressed  and  tested  with  C16  in  

E.coli  

•  Kato  et  al.  (2001)  [3]  

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Hydrocarbon  Degrada)on  Aerobic  oxida)on  of  alkanes  

Step  3:  •  Aldehyde  Dehydrogenase  (ALDH)  

•  Also  from  Bacillus  thermoleovorans  •  C2-­‐14  and  most  probably  even  higher    

•  Has  been  expressed  and  characterized  in  E.coli  

•  Kato  et  al.  (2010)  [4]  

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Step-­‐by-­‐step  

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DNA  Synthesis     Biobrick  assembly   Transform  E.coli  K12  

Characteriza)on  

*  Depending  on  what  concentra)ons  are  quan)fiable  by  GC  

Shake  flask  cul)va)on  with  low  concentra)ons*  of  

hydrocarbons  

-­‐ Shorter  chain  (C8)  -­‐ Middle  chain  (C12,  C11)  -­‐ Longer  chain  (C16,  C17)  -­‐ Long  chain  (C20)  -­‐ Mixture  

Transformed  and  non-­‐transformed  E.coli    (nega)ve  control)  

In  vitro  enzyme  assays  SDS  PAGE  

GC  Analysis  

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Hydrocarbon  sensing  

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From  Pseudomonas  pu>da:  

From:  [5]  F.  Rojo  (2009)  Degrada)on  of  alkanes  by  bacteria.  Environmental  Microbiology  11(10):  2477-­‐2490  

•  In  the  presence  of  alkanes(C5-­‐10)  AlkS  ac)vates  expression  of  its  own  gene  

•  High  AlkS  levels  ac)vate  the  PalkB  promoter  and  expression  of  the  alkBFGHJLK  operon  

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Hydrocarbon  tolerance  

•  Expression  of  chaperone  prefoldin[6]  

– Helps  with  folding  process  of  proteins    

– Simple:    •  only  1  gene  •  has  already  been  expressed  in  E.coli  

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[6]  Okochi  et  al.  (2008)  Overexpression  of  prefoldin  from  the  hyperthermophilic  archaeum  Pyrococcus  horikoshii  OT3  endowed  E.  coli  with  organic  solvent  tolerance.  Applica>on  of  Mcrobial  Biotechnology  79:443-­‐449  

Structure  of  prefoldin.  Source:  hlp://www.pdb.org  

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Salt  Tolerance  

•  Salinity  in  sea  waters  – 97%  of  salt  in  seawater:  NaCl  – Average  salinity:  3.5%  =  0.6M  

•  E.coli’s  exis)ng  tolerance:  – 0.5M  NaCl  is  inhibitory  to  growth  

– ≥0.75M  NaCl  no  growth  

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BBC1  •  Gene  from  Chlamydomonas  (green  

algae)  

•  Grants  increased  salt  and  temperature  resistance  

•  Has  been  expressed  and  characterized  in  E.coli  

•  Salt  tolerance  increased  up  to  5%  (0.86M)  

•  Increased  survival  aMer  mul)ple  -­‐80°C  (3  hour)  shocks.  

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From:  [7]  S.  Tanaka  (2000)  Enhanced  Tolerance  Against  Salt-­‐Stress  and  Freezing-­‐Stress  of  E.coli  Cells  expressing  Algal  bbc1  Gene.  Current  Microbiology  42:  173-­‐177  

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Emulsifier  Produc)on  

•  Oil  degrading  organisms  secrete  emulsifiers    

•  Possible  emulsifiers:  –  Homologs  of  E.coli  OmpA  [8]  

•  Acinetobacter  V-­‐26  AlnA  (37  kDa)  •  Acinetobacter  ADP1  AlnA  (37  kDa)  

–  P.  pu>da  OprG  [9]  (24  kDa)  •  All  have  been  cloned  in  E.  Coli  and      shown  to  emulsify,  although  not  clear  whether  they  are  excreted  or  not  

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[8]  G.  Walzer  et  al.  (2006)  The  Acinetobacter  outer  membrane  protein  A  (OmpA)  is  a  secreted  emulsifier.  Environmental  Microbiology  8(6):  1026–1032  [9]  G.  Walzer  et  al.  (2009)  Iden)fica)on  of  outer  membrane  proteins  with  emulsifying  ac)vity  by  predic)on  of  β-­‐barrel  regions.  Journal  of  Microbiological  Methods  76:  52–57  

Topology  sketch  of  amino  acids  1–171  of  AlnA  as  viewed  from  the  barrel  exterior[9]  

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Expression  &  Analysis  

•  Expression  using  a  cons)tu)ve  promoter  •  Characteriza)on  – SDS  PAGE  analysis  – Emulsifica)on  tests  (height  tests)  with  cell-­‐free  supernatant,  resuspended  cells  and  lysed  cells  

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Modeling  

•  Metabolic  Flux  Analysis  (MFA)  – Op)mized  produc)on  pathways  of  profitable  products  such  as  PHA  and  CH4  

•  Modeling  of  regulatory  mechanisms  (such  as  hydrocarbon  sensing  by  AlkS)  

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To  wrap  it  all  up  •  Build  biobricks  for  3  subparts:  – Hydrocarbon    •  Degrada)on:          AlkB,    LadA,  ADH  &  ALDH  •  Sensing:            AlkS,  PalkS1,  PalkS2  &  PalkB  

•  Tolerance:          Prefoldin  

– Salt  tolerance:        BBC1  

– Emulsifier  produc)on:    AlnA  &  OprG  

•  Implement  and  test  in  E.coli  K12  strain  

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Thank  you  for  your  )me  Any  ques)ons  or  remarks?  

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References  •  [1]  Fujii  et  al.  (2004)  Biotransforma)on  of  various  alkanes  using  the  Escherichia  coli  expressing  an  

alkane  hydroxylase  system  from  Gordonia  sp.  TF6.  Bioscience,  biotechnology,  and  biochemistry  68  (10):  2171-­‐2177  

•  [2]  L.  Li    et  al.  (2008)  Crystal  structure  of  long-­‐chain  alkane  monooxygenase  (LadA)  in  complex  with  coenzyme  FMN:  unveiling  the  long-­‐chain  alkane  hydroxylase.  Journal  of  molecular  biology  376:  453–465  

•  [3]  Kato  et  al.  (2001)  Gene  Cloning  of  an  Alcohol  Dehydrogenase  from  Thermophilic  Alkane-­‐Degrading  Bacillus  thermoleovorans  B23.  Journal  of  Bioscience  and  bioengineering  91(1):  100-­‐102  

•  [4]  Kato  et  al.  (2010)  Gene  cloning  and  characteriza)on  of  an  aldehyde  dehydrogenase  from  long-­‐chain  alkane-­‐degrading  Geobacillus  thermoleovorans  B23  Extremophiles  14:  33–39  

•  [5]  F.  Rojo  (2009)  Degrada)on  of  alkanes  by  bacteria.  Environmental  Microbiology  11(10):  2477-­‐2490  

•  [6]  Okochi  et  al.  (2008)  Overexpression  of  prefoldin  from  the  hyperthermophilic  archaeum  Pyrococcus  horikoshii  OT3  endowed  Escherichia  coli  with  organic  solvent  tolerance.  Applica>on  of  Mcrobial  Biotechnology  79:443-­‐449  

•  [7]  S.  Tanaka  (2000)  Enhanced  Tolerance  Against  Salt-­‐Stress  and  Freezing-­‐Stress  of  E.coli  Cells  expressing  Algal  bbc1  Gene.  Current  Microbiology  42:  173-­‐177  

•  [8]  G.  Walzer  et  al.  (2006)  The  Acinetobacter  outer  membrane  protein  A  (OmpA)  is  a  secreted  emulsifier.  Environmental  Microbiology  8(6):  1026–1032  

•  [9]  G.  Walzer  et  al.  (2009)  Iden)fica)on  of  outer  membrane  proteins  with  emulsifying  ac)vity  by  predic)on  of  β-­‐barrel  regions.  Journal  of  Microbiological  Methods  76:  52–57  

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