THE FURNACE OF THE CIVIL WAR:

The Highlights of the Civil War (1861-1865)

LESSON 19B The Furnace of the Civil War

(1861-1865)

How was the Civil War conducted on land?

I. Stalemate in the East

A. Most fighting in the South

B. Confederates invaded North twice

1862: Antietam 1863: Gettysburg

II. Northern victories in the West

A. Led by Ulysses S. GrantB. Splits ConfederacyC. Gained control of

Mississippi River

How was the Civil War conducted on land?

III. Final Phase (1864-1865)

A. Grant is in charge of Union forces

B. Sherman’s “March to the Sea”

C. Lee surrenders at Appomattox Court House (4/9/1865)

How did the Civil War highlight advances in naval warfare?

IV. Northern Blockade of the South

A. Battle of the Iron Clads (3/4/1862): Monitor v. Merrimack

B. Control of the Mississippi key

C. South sinks Northern Merchant Marines

How were foreign nations nearly drawn into the Civil War?

V. CONTROVERSY WITH BRITAIN

A. Trent Affair: US vessel stops British warship with two confederate agents aboard

B. British built warships for the Confederacy

How were foreign nations nearly drawn into the Civil War?

VI. CONTROVERSY WITH THE FRENCH

A. Maximilian Affair (1862-1867)

1. Emperor Napoleon sets up a puppet government in Mexico

2. US objects to this3. Can’t do anything until after

the war4. US sees this as violation of

Monroe Doctrine

How did Lincoln’s presidency and his handling of the war impact America?

VII. Expansion of Presidential Powers

A. Expanded the armyB. Naval blockade of

the SouthC. Suspended the writ

of habeas corpus

How did Lincoln’s presidency and his handling of the war impact America?

VII. Emancipation Proclamation (1863)

A. Freed slaves in areas of Confederate control

B. Designed to weaken Southern War effort

C. Held off European intervention

D. Inspired the North

What were Lincoln’s views on government and the war’s impact upon it?

IX. DemocracyA. “As I would be no slave, so I would not be a

master.”B. Gettysburg Address (1863): US conceived

in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.

X. The UnionA. “A house divided against itself can not stand.”

XI. Reuniting the NationA. Second Inaugural Address (March 1865):

“With malice toward none and charity to all; …”

What led to the death of Abraham Lincoln?

XII. ASSASSINATION OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN

A. 4/11/1865: Ford’s Theater – Washington, DC

B. Assassinated by John Wilkes Booth

C. South loses the one person who might have reunited the nation without further bitterness