the fundamentals of earth and space science...poster s8.a.1 s8.a.2 s8.a.3.3 s8.d.1.1 e - define a...
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Harbor Creek School District
Fundamentals of Earth and Space Science Page 1 4/28/2011
The Fundamentals of Earth and Space Science
Major Understanding
Concepts Timeframe Skills Assessment Standards
Science Skills
Science Skills
Science Skills Unit of
Study September (15 days)
E - Explain the nature of science. Summative Assessment, Written Lab
Report, Metric Problem
Assessment, Discussion and
Debate, Graph-Based Data Collections
S8.A.1 S8.A.2 S8.A.3
E - Identify the four spheres of the Earth.
E - Identify and utilize the steps of the scientific method.
E – Know and use metric measurements.
E - Distinguish between a scientific theory and an opinion.
E - Analyze and graph data.
E - Conduct an experiment from beginning to end.
Processes, Procedures and
Tools of Scientific
Investigations
E - Define and measure mass, volume, length, density, temperature.
Summative Assessments,
Measurement Lab
E - Accurately use triple beam balance, graduated cylinder, ruler & thermometer.
F - Measure the volume of an irregular object.
E – Distinguish between independent and dependent variables.
E – Distinguish between an observation and an inference.
Harbor Creek School District
Fundamentals of Earth and Space Science Page 2 4/28/2011
Major Understanding
Concepts Timeframe Skills Assessment Standards
Minerals Properties and
Mineral Formation
Mineral Unit
of Study
September /
October
(10 days)
F - Periodic table of elements. Mineral Identification Lab, Mineral Properties Lab, Mineral vs.
Nonmineral Activity, Chemical
Composition Activity, Mineral
Use activity, Mineral Quick Write, Test,
Mineral Report
S8.A.1 S8.A.2
S8.A.3.3 S8.D.1.1 S8.D.1.2
E - Know each mineral has a definite chemical composition.
E - Identify the major crystal structure.
E - Use mineral tests to identify common minerals.
E - Discuss economically important minerals and their uses in society.
E - Identify where and how minerals form.
Rocks
Classifying Rocks
Rocks Unit
of Study
October
(10 days)
E - Explain how geologists classify rocks based on texture.
Texture Lab, Rock Poster
S8.A.1 S8.A.2
S8.A.3.3 S8.D.1.1
E - Define a rock.
Rock Groups
E - Describe how sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks form. Identification Lab,
Harbor Creek Rock Collection Lab.
E - Distinguish between the textures of the three rock groups.
F – Identify fossil fuels and their environmental impact.
Rock Cycle
E - Know the steps of the rocks cycle. Rock story, Rock Cycle Lab, Rock
Test E - Research the "life" of one particular rock.
E - Describe the processes of the rock cycle.
Harbor Creek School District
Fundamentals of Earth and Space Science Page 3 4/28/2011
Major Understanding
Concepts Timeframe Skills Assessment Standards
Inside Earth Plate Tectonics
Earth's Interior
Plate Tectonics
Unit of Study
October / November (10 days)
E - Know the layers of the Earth.
Label a diagram, Scale Model of Earth’s Layers
S8.A.1 S8.A.2
S8.A.3.3 S8.D.1.1
E - List the characteristics of Earth's crust, mantle and core.
F - Describe how geologists study the inside of the Earth.
E – Identify geothermal applications.
Continental Drift
Hypothesis
E - Explain Alfred Wegener's idea continental drift hypothesis and the evidence he used to support it.
Continent Jigsaw Puzzle, Evidence
Quick Write.
Sea-Floor Spreading and the Theory of
Plate Tectonics
E - Describe the process of sea-floor spreading. Plate Boundary Activity, Mid
Ocean Lab, Plate Tectonics Test,
CD-ROM Questions and
Quiz
E - Describe the process of subduction.
E - Identify convection currents as the driving mechanism for plate movement.
E - Identify and describe the three types of plate boundaries.
E - Describe examples of how mountains and islands are produced by Plate Tectonics.
Harbor Creek School District
Fundamentals of Earth and Space Science Page 4 4/28/2011
Major
Understanding Concepts Timeframe Skills Assessment Standards
Earthquakes
Earth's Crust in Motion
Earthquakes Unit of Study
November (10 days)
E - Describe what an earthquake is. Model Stress Lab,
Fault Activity, Plot the Path of a
Tsunami Lab. S8.A.1 S8.A.2
S8.A.3.2 S8.D.1.1
E - Identify the three types of stress and associated faults.
F - Discuss mountain building along faults.
F - Describe how tsunami's form.
Measuring Earthquakes
E - Identify the three types of seismic waves. Epicenter Lab, Time-Lag Activity,
Richter Scale Activity,
Magnitude Scale Lab, Extra Credit
Seismograph, Earthquake Test
E - Describe the damage caused by each wave.
E - Identify scales used to measure earthquakes.
E - Locate the epicenter of an earthquake.
F - Describe instruments used to monitor and measure fault activity.
E - Identify Pennsylvania's earthquake risk and safety.
Volcanoes
Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics
Volcanoes Unit of Study
December (10 days)
E - Identify where Earth's volcanoes are located. World Volcano Lab
S8.A.1 S8.A.2
S8.A.3.2 S8.D.1.1
E - Identify where quiet and violent eruptions occur.
Volcanic Activity
E - Identify materials that erupt from volcanoes. Volcanic Product Lab, Volcano
Project, Volcano Test, Magma Lab
E - Connect the types of eruption with its magmatic properties.
Volcanic Landforms
E - Identify intrusive and extrusive landforms volcanic materials create.
Topographic Profile Lab, Mt.
St. Helen's Profile Lab
E - Identify the internal structure of a volcano.
F - Describe the events of the Mt. St. Helen's eruption.
E - Explain how some volcanoes form from hot spots.
Harbor Creek School District
Fundamentals of Earth and Space Science Page 5 4/28/2011
Major Understanding
Concepts Timeframe Skills Assessment Standards
Weathering and Soil Formation
Rocks and Weathering
Weather and Soil Unit of Study
December (10 days)
E - Identify the differences between mechanical and chemical weathering.
Mechanical vs. Chemical Lab,
Rate of Weathering Lab, Climate Activity, Weathering Quiz S8.A.1
S8.A.2 S8.A.3.3 S8.D.1.1 S8.D.1.2
E – Identify the causes and rate of weathering.
E – Describe how climate affects weathering.
Soil Formation & Composition
E – Define soil and describe it forms as a result of weathering.
Label Soil Horizon Diagram, Texture Analysis Lab, Soil Mini Lab
E – Determine soil texture and observe soil horizons.
Conserving Soil and Waste
Disposal
E – Describe how trash is recycled, reused or disposed of.
Create 3 R's Poster, Garbage Video Questions,
Soil and Weathering Test
F – Distinguish between renewable and nonrenewable energy.
E – Identify types of land pollution.
Harbor Creek School District
Fundamentals of Earth and Space Science Page 6 4/28/2011
Major
Understanding Concepts Timeframe Skills Assessment Standards
Erosion and Deposition
Mass Movements
Erosion and Deposition
Unit of Study
January (10 days)
E - Describe the agents of mass movement.
Summative Assessments
S8.A.1 S8.A.2
S8.A.3.3 S8.D.1.1 S8.D.1.1
Waves
E - Describe wave action processes (littoral drift, longshore current).
E - Explain the formation of Presque Isle and the processes that are at work there
Rivers
E - Describe the steps in river formation.
E - Identify watersheds continentally and locally.
E - Describe the features of a river system.
Glaciers
E - Describe how a glacier forms.
E - Identify the features of a glacier.
E - Know the two types of glaciers.
E - Describe how glaciers affected our local landforms.
Harbor Creek School District
Fundamentals of Earth and Space Science Page 7 4/28/2011
Major
Understanding Concepts Timeframe Skills Assessment Standards
Geologic Time
Fossils
Geologic Time Unit of
Study January
(10 days)
E - Define fossil.
Cast/Mold Lab, Fossil
Preservation Lab,
S8.A.1 S8.A.2
S8.A.3.3 S8.D.1.1 S8.D.1.1
E - Know fossils are rare.
E - Explain the various types of fossil preservation.
E - Explain how fossils provide evidence of plant and animal changes through Earth's History.
Relative and Absolute Age
E - Distinguish between relative and absolute age. Relative/Absolute Age Activity, Rock
Layer Diagram, Half-Life Lab
E - Determine the relative age of rock layers.
E - Describe how radioactive dating is used to determine the absolute age of rocks.
E - Know the law of superposition.
Geologic Time Scale
E - Know the major era's and periods of the geologic time scale.
Earth Time Demonstration, Geologic Period
Brochure E - Differentiate Earth time to human time.
Earth History E - Know the major events within Earth History such as extinctions, landmasses and humans.
Geologic Period Brochure, Earth
History Test E - Describe how life evolved using the fossil record.
Harbor Creek School District
Fundamentals of Earth and Space Science Page 8 4/28/2011
Major
Understanding Concepts Timeframe Skills Assessment Standards
Water Systems
Salt vs. Fresh Water Systems
Water Unit of Study February (10 days)
E - Compare and contrast characteristics of each system based on their physical characteristics (density, composition, conductivity & natural resources). Summative
Assessments
S8.D.1.3 S8.D.1.3.2 S8.D.1.3.3 Different
Water Systems
E - Distinguish different water systems (wetlands, rivers, oceans, watersheds).
E - Describe their relationships to each other.
Harbor Creek School District
Fundamentals of Earth and Space Science Page 9 4/28/2011
Major
Understanding Concepts Timeframe Skills Assessment Standards
Atmosphere
Layers of the Atmosphere
The Atmosphere
Unit of Study
February (10 days)
E - Define and describe the importance of the atmosphere.
Prediction Atmosphere
Poster, Atmosphere
Layer Lab, Atmosphere quiz
S8.A.1 S8.A.2
S8.A.3.3 S8.D.2.1
E - Describe the characteristics of each layer in the atmosphere.
E - Know the gas the composition of the atmosphere.
Air Pressure
E - Define and measure air pressure. Barometer
Reading Activity, Air Pressure Quiz
E - Know the average worldwide air pressure.
E - Describe the factors that affect air pressure.
E – Identify types of air pollution.
Harbor Creek School District
Fundamentals of Earth and Space Science Page 10 4/28/2011
Major
Understanding Concepts Timeframe Skills Assessment Standards
Weather Factors
Heat Transfer in the
Atmosphere
Weather Factors Unit
of Study March
(10 days)
F - Identify the types of heat transfer. Heat Absorption
Lab, Temperature Lab
S8.A.1 S8.A.2
S8.A.3.2 S8.A.3.3 S8.D.2.1
E - Observe the rate of heat absorption for land and water.
E - Define and measure temperature.
Winds
E - Describe the properties of high and low pressure. Air Pressure Lab,
Label Global Wind Diagram,
Local Wind Diagram, Wind
Quiz
E - Explain what causes the wind.
E – Identify wind power as an alternative source of energy.
E - Describe local and global winds.
F - Describe how the Coriolis Effect drives global wind patterns.
Water in the Atmosphere
E - Define dew point.
Dew Point Lab, Water Cycle
Diagram, Cloud Lab
E – Describe the physical processes on which the water cycle depends (condensation, precipitation, evaporation, etc.)
E - Define and measure relative humidity.
E - Identify the major cloud types.
Precipitation
F - Identify the relationship between cloud type and weather.
Temperature Profile Lab,
Weather Factor Test
E - Identify the main types of precipitation.
F - Interpret temperature profile of precipitation.
Harbor Creek School District
Fundamentals of Earth and Space Science Page 11 4/28/2011
Major
Understanding Concepts Timeframe Skills Assessment Standards
Weather Patterns
Air Masses and Fronts
Weather Patterns Unit of Study March
(10 days)
E - Discuss how major air masses form. Name Air Mass Activity, Air Front
Lab
S8.A.1 S8.A.2 S8.A.3
S8.D.2.1
E - Define and describe the three major fronts.
E - Describe weather patterns associated with fronts.
Storms
E - Describe the elements of violent storms. Static Electricity Lab, Tornado Web Quest,
Hurricane Path Activity, Lake
Effect Snow Lab
E - Describe safety procedures for violent storms.
Predicting Weather
E - Identify the pattern of west to east weather movement.
Weather Pattern Test, Weather
Forecast Project, Weather Map
Activity
F - Identify weather symbols.
E - Interpret weather maps.
Harbor Creek School District
Fundamentals of Earth and Space Science Page 12 4/28/2011
Major
Understanding Concepts Timeframe Skills Assessment Standards
Earth and Moon Unit of Study
Earth and moon
movements Earth and
Moon Unit of Study
April (10 days)
E - Know the difference between rotation and revolution.
Earth/Moon Lab Packet, Moon
Phase Lab, Eclipse Lab,
Earth/Moon/Sun Quiz, Moon Phase Quiz
S8.A.1 S8.A.2
S8.A.3.1 S8.A.3.3 S8.D.3.1
E - Identify the effects of Earth's rotation and revolution.
E - Explain how the tilt causes Earth's seasons.
E - Observe the causes of the moons phases.
E - Explain a solar and lunar eclipse.
E - Describe the structure and formation of the moon.
Space Exploration
E - Describe how rockets travel in space. Historical Astronomer
Timeline, Student Rocket
Demonstrations
F - Know important missions to the moon and planets.
F - Know Newton's third law of motion.
Harbor Creek School District
Fundamentals of Earth and Space Science Page 13 4/28/2011
Major
Understanding Concepts Timeframe Skills Assessment Standards
Solar System
Observing the Solar System
Solar System Unit
of Study April
(5 days)
E - Describe the factors that keep the planets in orbit. Gravity and Inertia Lab, Planet Venn
Diagram, Solar System Quiz
S8.A.1 S8.A.2
S8.A.3.2 S8.A.3.3 S8.D.3.1
F - Define inertia and know Newton's first law of motion.
E - Differentiate between geocentric and heliocentric.
E - Describe the main characteristics of inner and outer planets.
Comets, Asteroids, and
Meteors
E - Describe how comets move through our solar system. Create Flip Book, Comet
Meteoroid and Asteroid Quick Write, Meteor
Crater Lab
E - Differentiate between comets, meteoroids and asteroids.
Harbor Creek School District
Fundamentals of Earth and Space Science Page 14 4/28/2011
Major
Understanding Concepts Timeframe Skills Assessment Standards
Galaxies and the Universe
Stars Galaxies and
Universe Unit of Study May
(10 days)
E - Describe the structure of a star.
Star Size Lab, Star Life Cycle Lab, H-R Diagram Lab,
Star Quiz
S8.A.1 S8.A.2
S8.A.3.2 S8.A.3.3 S8.D.3.1
E - Identify nuclear fusion as the power house of a star.
E - Describe how scientists classify stars.
F - Interpret H-R diagram.
E - Identify our sun as an average star.
E - Describe the life cycle of a star.
History of the
Universe
E - Identify galaxy types. Galaxy Evolution
Lab, Big Bang Video Quiz,
E - Describe the Milky Way as a spiral galaxy.
E - Describe evidence for the Big Bang.
F - Discuss possibilities for life in the universe.
Harbor Creek School District
Fundamentals of Earth and Space Science Page 15 4/28/2011
Scientific Method
1. Make observations
2. Identify problem and ask question
(focus on trying to get them to ask a question that they are trying to disprove)
3. Research the topic
4. Form a hypothesis (using If…then… format)
5. Design Experiment
6. Conduct Experiment (collect data)
7. Analyze data
8. Draw Conclusions
- must state that their data supports their hypothesis or it proves it wrong
9. Revise and Repeat
Harbor Creek School District
Fundamentals of Earth and Space Science Page 16 4/28/2011
Lab Report
Title (includes both variables)
- informal -> make observations
1. Question
2. Research/Background
3. Hypothesis (if…then…) (null in 8th grade)
4. Experimental Design
Variables (independent/dependent/control group)
Materials (vertical list in bullet format)
Procedure (a list of numbered steps)
5. Data
-all tables need to have a title
the variables need to be identified
- columns of data table should depict dependent variables
- rows of data table should depict independent variables
graph data
- independent variable on the X axis
- dependent variable on the Y axis
6. Analysis
-describe data
identify patterns using with numbers
7. Conclusions
8. Errors/Improvement
Time (Independent) Temperature
(Dependent)
1 30
2 40
3
4
Harbor Creek School District
Fundamentals of Earth and Space Science Page 17 4/28/2011
Science Lab Skills
System of Measurement = Metric Only
-8th grade will discuss SI system of measurement
Conversions
-5th-6th – use metric conversion chart
-7th – basic
Measurement
Grade 5-6 Grade 7-8
Determine the scale used on measurement instruments
Read scale to the nearest increment
Tools:
-thermometer
-metric ruler
-graduated cylinder
-balance
Accuracy and precision in reading a scale
Tools:
-thermometer
-metric ruler
-graduated cylinder
-triple beam balance (7th)
-microscope (8th)