the french revolution and napoleonsection 1 today’s warm up answer on your warm up/exit ticket...
TRANSCRIPT
The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 1
Today’s Warm Up
• Answer on your warm up/exit ticket sheet:
• Respond to the famous quote by the French writer Victor Hugo: “No army can withdrawal the strength of an idea whose time has come.” How does this quote relate to what we have just learned about the Age of Enlightenment?
The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 1
The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 1
Today’s LEQ
• How did the ideas of the Enlightenment lead to revolution in France?
Main Idea
Problems in French society led to a revolution, the formation of a new government, and the end of the monarchy.
The French Revolution Begins
The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 1
Causes of the Revolution
Long-standing resentments against the monarchy
• Inequalities in society
– Existing social and political structure
– Called the Old Order, or ancient régime
• King at the top and estates under him
– King Louis XVI, shy and indecisive
– Unpopular, self-indulgent queen, Marie-Antoinette
– Rest of French society divided into three classes, called estates
The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 1
Varied widely in what they contributed in terms of work and taxes
• Roman Catholic clergy
• One percent of the population
• Exempt from taxes
• Owned 10 percent of the land– Collected rents and
fees– Bishops and other
clergy grew wealthy
First Estate
• Nobility
• Less than 2 percent of the population
• Paid few taxes
• Controlled much wealth
• Held key positions– Government– Military
• Lived on country estates
Second Estate
• Largest group—97% of the population
• Bourgeoisie—city-dwelling merchants, factory owners, and professionals
• Sans culottes—artisans and workers
• Peasants—poor with little hope, paid rents and fees
Third Estate
The Three Estates
The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 1
• Severe economic problems affected much of the country
• France in debt, spending lavishly, borrowing money, and facing bankruptcy
• Hailstorm and drought ruined harvest; harsh winter limited flour production
• People hungry and angry; clergy and nobility no help
A Financial Crisis
• Inspiring new ideas from Enlightenment philosophers
• Great Britain’s government limiting the king’s power
• American colonists rebelled successfully against British king
• New ideas changed government and society in other countries
Enlightenment Ideas
Further Causes
The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 1
The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 1
By 1789, no group happy• Clergy and nobility lost power to
monarchy • Bourgeoisie resented
regulations
• Poor worse off
Storming of the Bastille• King brought in troops• People of Paris armed
themselves• Searching for weapons, a mob
stormed the Bastille
Estates General meets
• Desire for reforms• Voting process a problem• Third Estate proclaimed
themselves National Assembly
• Tennis Court Oath
Great Fear spread• King to punish the Third Estate
with foreign soldiers • Rumors of massacres• Peasants destroyed records
and burned nobles’ houses
First Events of the Revolution
The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 1
RAFT Summary
• Role: Advisor to King Louis XVI
• Audience: King Louis XVI
• Format: Letter
• Topic: Advise King Louis XVI on how to prevent revolution in France. Be sure to provide detailed problems France was facing and offer solutions.
The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 1
Today’s Exit Ticket
• Answer on your warm up/exit ticket sheet:
• Why would the privileged members of the First and Second Estate want revolution in France?
The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 1
Today’s Warm Up
• Answer on your warm up/exit ticket sheet:
• Explain why the Third Estate broke away from the Estates General and formed the National Assembly.
• Turn in your homework (Letter to Louis)
The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 1
• Louis tried to protect his throne
• Angered the common people
• Prices still high; mob broke into the palace demanding bread (Fearsome Fish Ladies!)
• Royal family seized; National Assembly took bolder steps further restricting the power of both the King and the Catholic Church
Restrictions on Power
• Feudal dues eliminated
• Declaration laid out “liberty, equality, fraternity”
• Inspired by the English Bill of Rights, American Declaration of Independence, and the writings of Enlightenment philosophers
• Men are born equal and remain equal under the law
• The rights did not extend to women
Legislating New Rights
Creating a New Nation
The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 1
•In 1791, the Legislative Assembly is formed; Constitutional Monarchy!
•Voting rights extended, but rights were not universal.
•King’s Power restricted; monarchy feels threatened
• Austria warned against harming monarchs
• Austrian army defeats French
• Financial strain of war, food shortages, and high prices
• King blamed; action demanded
Foreign Powers
Formation of a New Government
• August 10, 1792 royal family imprisoned by mob
• Radical faction took charge with National Convention
• Monarchy abolished; France declared a republic
End of Monarchy
The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 1
Reign of Terror!• Read Chapter 6, Section 2 &
complete the section review.
• Be sure to record important terms, people, and ideas within your class notes.
The French Revolution and Napoleon Section 1
Today’s Exit Ticket
• Answer on your warm up/exit ticket sheet:
• Write a 3 sentence protest speech explaining why the Reign of Terror went too far and contradicted the original reasons for the revolution.