The French in America

The French settled in what was called “New France”

-Established a large trading empire -Traded many beaver pelts and hides

for fashion industry of Europe-Trade depended on the natives—

good relationshipFurs for guns

Settlements:

• New Orleans would thrive as a French settlement because of its location at the mouth of Mississippi River as it emptied into the Gulf of Mexico

• French settlements grew very slowly because of the emphasis on trade, not agriculture

European/Indian Alliances

• France—Allied with the Huron and Algonquin Indians

• England—Allied with the Iroquois Indians

The Iroquois

• -The Iroquois Tribe or Iroquois Confederation banded together for military protection, creating a very powerful alliance

• --Mohawk, Cayuga, Seneca, Oneida, Onondaga, Tuscarora

• -When beaver pelts and hides began to run out, Huron and Iroquois tribes began to wander into each other’s land

• -The Iroquois attacked the Huron threatening the French fur trading empire

• -France waged war on the Iroquois, drawing in the English

• -This war would eventually be called the French and Indian War

The Frontier

• -This was a very hostile and unstable area in and around the Appalachian Mountains

• -France is alarmed that many English settlers are coming here and therefore sponsor Indian attacks on them

Reading/Notes Questions

1. For what reason(s) were the French in America?2. Why was the city of New Orleans so important?3. Give several reasons why the Europeans and

Natives were fighting each other.4. What tribes are friends of the French? What

tribes are friends with the English?5. Who should win in a war between the English and

the French? Why do you think so?

Albany Plan of Union

• Meeting called in 1754 to discuss the boundaries between France and

England

• Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania urged the colonists to join together and to appoint a council to represent the colonies

• This council would decide over war and peace with the natives • Called the council the Albany Plan of Union

• This was rejected because of the colonists’ fear of a strong central government

End of the French and Indian War

After Braddock’s Defeat

• William Pitt becomes new finance minister of England– New Goals• Win war at all costs• Seize Fort Duquesne• Capture Quebec—capitol of New France• Push French out of major forts

William Pitt

• Was he successful?– Yes• Duquesne is captured• Quebec is captured• French are kicked out of forts• War is won by the English• Treaty is signed

The Treaty of Paris, 1763

1. France and England end fighting2. France gives up on its colony, leaves North

America!!3. Britain controls all land East of Mississippi4. Spain gives Florida to England, takes all land

west of the Mississippi

War is won, but….

1. England is now in tremendous debt2. Natives on the frontier not happy that

England is now there--Pontiac’s Rebellions

3. Proclamation of 1763—England passes a law that English settlers cannot settle west of the Appalachian mountains!!

-angers the colonists