the free trade area of the asia-pacific: a constructive approach to multilateralizing asian...

8/3/2019 The Free Trade Area Of The Asia-Pacific: A Constructive Approach To Multilateralizing Asian Regionalism

1/23

BIKH \n{jhel Sbso{ Vo{hov

Ygo @{oo Y{bio B{ob N` Ygo Bvhb$Sbfh`hf1B Fnevy{ufyhpo Bss{nbfg YnDumyhmbyo{bmhqhel Bvhbe [olhnebmhvd

F% @{oi Ko{lvyoe- Db{fuvEnmbei- bei Ao``{ox A% Vfgnyy

En% 660Iofodko{ ;322

Bvhbe Iopomnsdoey Kbej Hevyhyuyo


2/23

Ygo \n{jhel Sbso{ vo{hov hv b fneyheubyhne n` ygo `n{do{mx ebdoi Ihvfuvvhne Sbso{ vo{hov: ygoeudko{hel n` ygo sbso{v fneyheuoi |hygnuy heyo{{usyhne n{ fgbelo% BIKHv |n{jhel sbso{v{o`mofy hehyhbm hiobv ne b ynshf bei b{o snvyoi nemheo `n{ ihvfuvvhne% BIKH oefnu{blov {obio{v ynsnvy ygoh{ fnddoeyv ne ygo dbhe sblo `n{ obfg |n{jhel sbso{ 'lhpoe he ygo fhybyhne komn|(%Vndo |n{jhel sbso{v dbx iopomns heyn nygo{ `n{dv n` sukmhfbyhne%

Vullovyoi fhybyhne1

Ko{lvyoe- F% @%- D% Enmbei- bei A% A% Vfgnyy% ;322% Ygo @{oo Y{bio B{ob N` Ygo Bvhb$Sbfh`hf1B Fnevy{ufyhpo Bss{nbfg Yn Dumyhmbyo{bmhqhel Bvhbe [olhnebmhvd% BIKH \n{jhel Sbso{ 660%Ynjxn1 Bvhbe Iopomnsdoey Kbej Hevyhyuyo% Bpbhmbkmo1 gyys1..|||%bikh%n{l.|n{jhel$sbso{.;322.2;.;;.976?%`yb%bvhb%sbfh`hf%bvhbe%{olhnebmhvd.

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Odbhm1 jvyo|b{yCshho%fnd: denmbeiCshho%fnd: avfnyyCshho%fnd

F% @{oi Ko{lvyoe hv ygo ih{ofyn{ n` ygo Soyo{vne Hevyhyuyo `n{ Heyo{ebyhnebm Ofnendhfv%Db{fuv Enmbei hv iosuyx ih{ofyn{ bei òmmn| by ygo Soyo{vne Hevyhyuyo `n{ Heyo{ebyhnebmOfnendhfv% Ao``{ox A% Vfgnyy hv b voehn{ òmmn| by ygo Soyo{vne Hevyhyuyo `n{ Heyo{ebyhnebmOfnendhfv%

Yghv sbso{ |bv s{osb{oi `n{ ygo fneò{oefo Dumyhmbyo{bmhqhel Bvhbe [olhnebmhvd- Ynjxn-2728 Vosyodko{ ;337% Ygo buygn{v |numi mhjo yn ygbej Dbyy Bimo{ bei Fmbh{o K{ueom `n{{ovob{fg bvvhvybefo bei sb{yhfhsbeyv by ygo BIKH fneò{oefo `n{ fnddoeyv ne be ob{mho{i{b`y%

Ygo pho|v ows{ovvoi he yghv sbso{ b{o ygo pho|v n` ygo buygn{v bei in eny eofovvb{hmx{o`mofy ygo pho|v n{ snmhfhov n` BIKH- ygo Bvhbe Iopomnsdoey Kbej 'BIK(- hyv Knb{i nÌh{ofyn{v- n{ ygo lnpo{edoeyv ygox {os{ovoey% BIKH inov eny lub{beyoo ygo bffu{bfx n`ygo ibyb hefmuioi he yghv sbso{ bei bffosyv en {ovsnevhkhmhyx `n{ bex fnevoruoefov n`ygoh{ uvo% Yo{dhenmn uvoi db eny eofovvb{hm ko fnevhvyoey |hyg BIK n``hfhbm yo{dv%

Bvhbe Iopomnsdoey Kbej HevyhyuyoJbvudhlbvojh Kuhmihel 7@6$;$? Jbvudhlbvojh- Fghxnib$juYnjxn 233$0337- Absbe

Yom1 *72$6$6?86$??33@bw1 *72$6$6?86$??


3/23

BIKH \n{jhel Sbso{ 660 Ko{lvyoe- Enmbei- bei Vfgnyy

Bkvy{bfy

Yghv sbso{ owbdheov ygo s{nvsofy n` {obmhqhel {olhnebm ofnendhf heyol{byhne phb ygo dofgbehvdn` b @{oo Y{bio B{ob n` ygo Bvhb$Sbfh`hf '@YBBS(% Ygo @YBBS hehyhbyhpo {os{ovoeyv b snmhyhfbmmbdkhyhnuv- ghlg snyoeyhbm koeo`hy nsyhne `n{ bfghophel Bvhbe {olhnebm heyol{byhne% Bdnel hyviovh{bkmo byy{hkuyov- ygo @YBBS hehyhbyhpo fnumi goms {ophpo bei s{ndnyo b vuffovvùm fnefmuvhnen` ygo Ingb [nuei eolnyhbyhnev: fnevyhyuyo b Smbe K goilo h` Ingb `bhmv: vgn{y$fh{fuhy ygoù{ygo{ s{nmhò{byhne n` khmbyo{bm bei vuk${olhnebm s{oò{oeyhbm bl{oodoeyv ygby f{obyo vukvybeyhbeo| ihvf{hdhebyhne bei ihvfn{i |hyghe ygo Bvhb$Sbfh`hf {olhne: ioùvo ygo {oeo|oi {hvj nì{b|hel b mheo in|e ygo dhiimo n` ygo Sbfh`hf bv Obvy Bvhbe- bei so{gbsv ygo \ovyo{eGodhvsgo{o- hehyhbyhpov s{niufo ihvheyol{byhne n` ygo Bvhb$Sbfh`hf {olhne {bygo{ ygbe ygoheyol{byhne n` ygby k{nbio{ {olhne ygby ygo Bvhb$Sbfh`hf Ofnendhf Fnnso{byhne 'BSOF( `n{ud|bv f{obyoi yn `nvyo{: fgbeeom ygo Sonsmov [osukmhf n` Fgheb 'S[F($_ehyoi Vybyov ofnendhffne`mhfy heyn b dn{o fnevy{ufyhpo bei movv fne`{neybyhnebm fneyowy: bei {ophybmhqo BSOF- |ghfg hvn` oegbefoi hdsn{ybefo kofbuvo n` ygo s{nvsofyv `n{ Bvhb$Sbfh`hf bei ovsofhbmmx ygo S[F$_V`hvvu{ov% Be hef{odoeybm bss{nbfg yn ygo @YBBS- owsmhfhymx odknixhel oe`n{fobkmo {ofhs{nfbmfnddhydoeyv- n`ò{v ygo kovy gnso iomhpo{hel ne ygo fnefosyv bkueibey koeo`hyv%

AOM Fmbvvh`hfbyhne1N20: N?6: [22


4/23


Fneyoeyv

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5/23


6

2% HEY[NI_FYHNE

He 2877- b`yo{ bmdnvy y|n xob{v n` heyoevhpo eolnyhbyhnev- ygo _ehyoi Vybyov beiFbebib vhleoi b fnds{ogoevhpo `{oo y{bio bl{oodoey '@YB(% Yghv hehyhbyhpo- ygo `h{vyn` hyv jhei `n{ ohygo{ fnuey{x- |bv fnefohpoi bdhi fnefo{e bknuy ygo vyb{y n` eo|lmnkbm y{bio ybmjv he ygo Loeo{bm Bl{oodoey ne Yb{h``v bei Y{bio 'LBYY( he Loeopb-bei fnefmuioi bdhi fnefo{e ygby ygo _{ulubx [nuei n` dumyhmbyo{bm y{bioeolnyhbyhnev |bv bi{h`y bei gobihel yn|b{i b yudumyunuv dhehvyo{hbm kuvy$us% YgoFbebib$_V @YB |bv iovhleoi yn ioosoe y{bio bei hepovydoey yhov- bei yn s{nsomygo _{ulubx [nuei kx n`ò{hel eo| s{ofoioeyv `n{ lmnkbm bffn{iv 'o%l%- vo{phfov(bei {olhnebm bmyo{ebyhpov h` ygo LBYY s{nfovv `bmyo{oi 'Vfgnyy bei Vdhyg 2877(%

Lhpoe ygo uefo{ybheyx he Loeopb- Obvy Bvhbe fnuey{hov fgb`òi by ygo s{nvsofy ygbyEn{yg Bdo{hfbe ofnendhf heyol{byhne |numi ihvf{hdhebyo blbhevy vghsdoeyv yn ygoh{dnvy hdsn{ybey owsn{y db{joy% Ygoh{ {ovsnevov òmm heyn y|n fbyoln{hov1 odumbyhne beifndsoyhyhne% Vndo Bvhbe n``hfhbmv vullovyoi vhdhmb{ b{{belodoeyv bf{nvv ygo Sbfh`hf:s{nsnvbmv yn ygby oei |o{o poyyoi kuy eopo{ vo{hnuvmx fnevhio{oi 'Vfgnyy 2878(%Nygo{v vnulgy yn kuhmi be Obvy Bvhbe Ofnendhf Fbufuv ygby owfmuioi ygo _V% He ygoopoey- bei he yxshfbm Bvhbe `bvghne- Bvhbe fnuey{hov ihi b mhyymo n` knyg: ofnendhf

heyol{byhne bdnel dodko{v n` ygo Bvvnfhbyhne n` Vnuyg Obvy Bvhbe Ebyhnev 'BVOBE(|bv lhpoe eo| hdsumvo- |ghmo by ygo vbdo yhdo fnuey{hov- moi kx Buvy{bmhb- anheoi he beo| y{bev$Sbfh`hf `n{ud he 2878 ueio{ ygo kbeeo{ n` Bvhb$Sbfh`hf OfnendhfFnnso{byhne 'BSOF(% Sb{yhfhsbeyv he BSOF vnulgy yn vuvybhe _V dhmhyb{x beiofnendhf oelblodoey he ygo {olhne bei yn ioosoe y{bev$Sbfh`hf ofnendhf {ombyhnev%

BSOF gbv mb{lomx doy hyv snmhyhfbm nkaofyhpov% Ygo _V {odbhev ùmmx oelbloi he ygo{olhne bei ygo bipoey n` beeubm vuddhyv n` Bvhb$Sbfh`hf mobio{v 'vyb{yhel |hyg ygoKmbjo Hvmbei Vuddhy n` 2886(- smuv ygo owsbevhne n` BSOFv dodko{vghs yn ygoSonsmov [osukmhf n` Fgheb 'S[F( bei Ybhsoh-Fgheb- gbpo f{obyoi eo| nssn{yuehyhov`n{ ihsmndbyhf {ovsnevov yn ih``hfumy snmhyhfbm s{nkmodv%

Kx fney{bvy- BSOFv y{bfj {ofn{i ne ofnendhf heyol{byhne gbv kooe dhwoi bei po{xdniovy vhefo hyv y|n enybkmo bfghopodoeyv he ygo ob{mx 2883v% @h{vy- BSOF dodko{v|n{joi ynloygo{ he mbyo 2886 yn suvg `n{ ygo vuffovvùm fndsmoyhne n` ygo _{ulubx[nuei|ghfg |bv fnefmuioi bei vhleoi he Bs{hm 2889% Vofnei- BSOF mobio{vfnddhyyoi yn b k{nbi phvhne n` {olhne$|hio `{oo y{bio bei hepovydoey by ygo Knln{Vuddhy he 2889% He ygoh{ Knln{ Iofmb{byhne- BSOF mobio{v smoiloi yn fndsmoyo ygobfghopodoey n` nu{ lnbm n` `{oo bei nsoe y{bio bei hepovydoey he ygo Bvhb$Sbfh`hf enmbyo{ ygbe ygo xob{ ;3;3%2

Ygo Knln{ Iofmb{byhne voy ih`ò{oey yb{loy ibyov;323 `n{ iopomnsoi bei ;3;3 `n{iopomnshel fnuey{hovyn bfghopo ygo `{oo y{bio lnbmv- |hygnuy vsofh`xhel '2( |ghfgdodko{v |numi ko owsofyoi yn nsoe ygoh{ db{joyv `h{vy bei ';( gn| ygo mhko{bmhqbyhnes{nfovv |numi ko hdsmodoeyoi% Bv Vfnmmbx ';339( gbv nkvo{poi- ygo Knln{fnevoevuv |bv `bfhmhybyoi kx b iol{oo n` hds{ofhvhne he io`hehel ygo nkaofyhpov%

BSOFv vukvoruoey odk{bfo n` fnefo{yoi uehmbyo{bmhvd ovvoeyhbmmx dobey ygbydodko{v bl{ooi yn ygo BVOBE |bx% Yghv `n{d n` fnevoevuv iofhvhne$dbjhel dbxko biorubyo `n{ b sb{yeo{vghs n` vdbmmo{ fnuey{hov |hyg fnddne heyo{ovyv voojhel ynbdsmh`x ygoh{ fnmmofyhpo pnhfo ne ygo |n{mi vyblo% Gn|opo{- he b fneyowy hepnmpheldban{ sn|o{v |hyg fne`mhfyhel heyo{ovyv- yghv dniuv nso{beih gbv s{npoi hebiorubyoyn bipbefo b fnddne bloeib bdnel ygo ihpo{vo BSOF dodko{vghs% Fnevoruoeymx-o``n{yv yn hdsmodoey ygo Knln{ dbeibyo `nueio{oi |goe ygo Ob{mx Pnmueyb{x Vofyn{bmMhko{bmhqbyhne 'OPVM( hehyhbyhpo {be bl{nuei he 2887 he ygo |bjo n` ygo Bvhbe `hebefhbm

2 |||%bsof%n{l.bsof.mobio{v^îofmb{byhnev.2889%in|emnbimhejv%3332%Mhej_[M%In|emnbi%po{?%2%8


6/23


9

f{hvhv% BSOF dodko{v ihi fney{hkuyo hdsn{ybeymx yn ygo vuffovv n` ygo lmnkbm bffn{ine he`n{dbyhne yofgenmnlx s{niufyv vukvoruoeymx binsyoi he ygo \n{mi Y{bioN{lbehqbyhne '\YN( kuy `bhmoi he o``n{yv yn iopomns {olhne$|hio ihvfhsmheov nehepovydoey bei OPVM bmyo{oi%

BSOF gbv vhefo iopnmpoi heyn b fnevumybyhpo n{lbehqbyhne yn oefnu{blo y{bio beihepovydoey `bfhmhybyhne- s{ndnyo yofgehfbm bvvhvybefo- bei s{nphio be beeubm

nssn{yuehyx `n{ sbe$Bvhb$Sbfh`hf gobiv n` lnpo{edoey dooyhelv% \hyg hyv fnepoeyhnebmy{bio mhko{bmhqbyhne {nmo vyxdhoi- odsgbvhv vgh`yoi yn|b{i vn`yo{ `n{dv n` y{bio beihepovydoey `bfhmhybyhne bei yofgehfbm bvvhvybefo- bei be nssn{yuehyx `n{ beeubm gobivn` lnpo{edoey dooyhelv% He ygovo b{obv- BSOF hv eny |hygnuy hyv do{hyv%

Ynibx- he b {nmo {opo{vbm- ygo _V hv `bfhel ygo s{nmhò{byhne n` Bvhbe {olhnebmhvdbdnel fnuey{hov ygby {os{ovoey ygo `bvyovy l{n|hel _V owsn{y db{joyv% Ygo yoe$dodko{ BVOBE hv by ygo fn{o n` dbex n` ygovo l{nushelv- bei hv s{nfooihel |hygsb{bmmom y{bio bffn{iv |hyg ygo yg{oo dban{ ofnendhov n` En{ygobvy Bvhb 'ygo vn$fbmmoi 23*2 sbfyv(% Ygnulg ygox gbpo eny s{nl{ovvoi po{x dufg he khmbyo{bm n{y{hmbyo{bm ihvfuvvhnev bdnel ygodvompov- ygo S[F- Absbe- bei ygo [osukmhf n` Jn{ob'goefo`n{yg- Jn{ob( o`òfyhpomx gbpo ovybkmhvgoi- yg{nulg ygoh{ vosb{byo iobmv |hygygo BVOBE- ygo `{bdo|n{j `n{ be opoeyubm 23*6 b{{belodoey ygby |numi ofgn ygophvhne n` be Obvy Bvhbe l{nushel poyyoi y|n iofbiov bln% By ygo vbdo yhdo- obfgbmvn gbv fnefmuioi n{ hv eolnyhbyhel y{bio iobmv |hyg nygo{ fnuey{hov he Bvhb-Nfobehb- bei ygo \ovyo{e Godhvsgo{o%

Yn hyv f{oihy- ygo bidhehvy{byhne n` _V S{ovhioey Lon{lo \% Kuvg {obfyoi yn l{n|helBvhbe {olhnebmhvd kx voojhel yn ioosoe hyv oelblodoey he ygo {olhneyg{nulgkhmbyo{bm bei {olhnebm hehyhbyhpov '@YB ybmjv |hyg Jn{ob- Dbmbxvhb- bei Ygbhmbei: ygoOeyo{s{hvo `n{ BVOBE Hehyhbyhpo( bei eo| s{nsnvbmv yn {ophpo dndoeyud yn bfghopoygo lnbm n` Bvhb Sbfh`hf ofnendhf heyol{byhne `h{vy {bhvoi he Knln{ bmdnvy 2? xob{vbln% Yn ygby oei- hy bipnfbyoi- by mobvy {goyn{hfbmmx- b @{oo Y{bio B{ob n` ygo BvhbSbfh`hf '@YBBS(%

Hv vufg be hehyhbyhpo òbvhkmo> [olhne$|hio o``n{yv yn|b{i `{oo y{bio {odbhe ne ygokbfj ku{eo{ `n{ dbex BSOF dodko{vygnulg Fghmo bei Vhelbsn{o b{o y{xhel yn

f{obyo b {olhnebm eoy|n{j n` khmbyo{bm @YBv ygby |numi o`òfyhpomx kuhmi be Bvhb$Sbfh`hf@YB npo{ yhdo%; Kuy ygo hvvuo gbv kooe oelbloi he BSOF iomhko{byhnev% He ygobuyude n` ;339- ygo BSOF Kuvheovv Biphvn{x Fnuefhm hvvuoi b {osn{y {ofnddoeihel{oeo|oi o``n{yv yn kuhmi be @YBBS% Eny vu{s{hvhelmx- ygo n``hfhbm {obfyhne |bv duyoibei BSOF dodko{v ioò{{oi fnevhio{byhne n` ygo s{nsnvbm `n{ vopo{bm xob{v%Gn|opo{- by ygoh{ dooyhel he Gbenh he Enpodko{ ;330- ygo BSOF mobio{v fbmmoi `n{ù{ygo{ vyuihov ne bss{nbfgov yn {olhnebm ofnendhf heyol{byhne- hefmuihel ygo@YBBS bv b mnel$yo{d s{nvsofy% Vukvoruoeymx- ygo BSOF mobio{v dooyhel heVxieox he Vosyodko{ ;33< fnddhyyoi yn owbdheo ygo nsyhnev bei s{nvsofyv `n{ b@{oo Y{bio B{ob n` ygo Bvhb$Sbfh`hf kx {opho|hel- bdnel nygo{ yghelv- owhvyhel sbfyvbdnel BSOF dodko{v- bfbiodhf bebmxvov n` ygod bei n` b snyoeyhbm @YBBS- beiygo òbvhkhmhyx n` infjhel n{ do{lhel @YBv%

He ygo sbvy iofbio- dnvy BSOF dodko{v gbpo iodnevy{byoi b fbsbfhyx yn oeyo{ heynoe`n{fobkmo s{oò{oeyhbm y{bio bl{oodoeyv- bei hy yguv hv |n{yg fnevhio{hel |goygo{2? xob{v b`yo{ yu{ehel heyn ygo fum$io$vbf n` fnefo{yoi uehmbyo{bmhvd ygby hy dhlgy kosnvvhkmo yn bfyubmhqo ygo Knln{ phvhne n` `{oo y{bio he ygo Bvhb$Sbfh`hf {olhne%Bidhyyoimx- ygo lnbm hv ibueyhelmx bdkhyhnuv- kuy hy dbx ko snvvhkmo yn bfghopo hy

; Ygo S$9 l{nusfnds{hvhel K{ueoh Ib{uvvbmbd- Fghmo- Eo| Qobmbei- bei Vhelbsn{o{os{ovoeyv bvdbmm fn{o n` b s{nvsofyhpo l{bei Bvhb$Sbfh`hf fndsbfy% Ygo _V anheoi ygo S$9 he o``n{yv yn owsbeivofyn{bm fnpo{blo n` ygoh{ fu{{oey @YB 'kbvoi mb{lomx ne ygo _V @YBv |hyg Fghmo bei Vhelbsn{o( yn`hebefhbm vo{phfov bei hepovydoey 'voo _VY[ s{ovv {omobvo- 9 @ok{ub{x ;337- bffovvoi by|||%uvy{%lnp(%


7/23


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hef{odoeybmmx kx kuhmihel nuy|b{imx `{nd b fn{o l{nus n` mhko{bmhqo{v yn oefndsbvvygo |gnmo {olhne%

Yghv sbso{ owbdheov ygo s{nvsofy n` {obmhqhel {olhnebm ofnendhf heyol{byhne phb ygodofgbehvd n` be @YBBS% \o kolhe kx owbdhehel ygo en{dbyhpo fbvo `n{ be @YBBS-`nmmn|oi kx b k{ho` {opho| n` ygo s{nvsofyhpo hdsbfy n` ygo bl{oodoey- ko`n{o ybjhelus ygo jenyyx hvvuo n` gn| vufg be oei$vybyo dhlgy ko bfghopoi% Nu{ fnefmuvhnev b{o

vuddb{hqoi he ygo `hebm vofyhne%

;% YGO EN[DBYHPO FBVO @N[ @YBBS

Bmm dban{ Bvhbe ofnendhov b{o dodko{v n` ygo \YN% He s{hefhsmo- \YN mhko{bmhqbyhnehv ygo s{oò{{oi dobev n` fbsyu{hel ofnendhf o``hfhoefhov bei bpnhihel bipo{voihsmndbyhf `bmmnuy b{hvhel `{nd ihvf{hdhebyhne bdnel sb{yeo{v% Xoy ygo n{lbehqbyhneveolnyhbyhne he ygo Ingb [nuei gbv vybmmoi `n{ b pb{hoyx n` {obvnev1 b fndsmoweolnyhbyhel bloeib: ygo hef{obvhel {nmo bei bvvo{yhpoeovv n` b eudko{ n` dhiimosn|o{v: bei snmhyhfbm |objeovv he ygo y{bihyhnebm dban{ sn|o{v ygby gbv dbiofnds{ndhvo- sb{yhfumb{mx ne ygo foey{bm hvvuo n` bl{hfumyu{o- dn{o ih``hfumy 'Vfgnyy;337(%6 Dn{onpo{- ygo vgoo{ k{obiyg n` ygo \YNv dodko{vghs bei hyv iofhvhne$

dbjhel s{nfovvov f{obyo hefoeyhpov `n{ k{nbi kuy vgbmmn| mhko{bmhqbyhne- |ghfg dbx`bmm |omm vgn{y n` dobvu{ov yn |ghfg b dn{o mhdhyoi voy n` dodko{v |numi kos{osb{oi yn fnddhy%

Bv y{bio mhko{bmhqbyhne gbv vybmmoi by ygo lmnkbm mopom- bfyhne gbv ebyu{bmmx vgh`yoiyn|b{i vuk${olhnebm bei khmbyo{bm hehyhbyhpov% S{oò{oeyhbm y{bio sbfyv bdnel Bvhbefnuey{hov n` pb{xhel vgbsov bei vhqov gbpo s{nmhò{byoi- vsu{{oi kx ygo S[Fvnpo{yu{ov yn BVOBE dodko{v ob{mho{ yghv iofbio% Heihb- Absbe- bei Jn{obvukvoruoeymx odumbyoi ygo S[Fv y{bio vy{byolx bei eolnyhbyoi bl{oodoeyv |hygBVOBE dodko{v f{obyhel b eoy|n{j n` k{nbimx fndsb{bkmo 23*2 bl{oodoeyv% Hevn inhel- BVOBE gbv snvhyhneoi hyv n|e BVOBE `{oo y{bio bl{oodoey bv ygo foeyo{n` b guk$bei$vsnjo vxvyod n` Bvhbe {olhnebmhvd%

Ygo hey{b$Bvhbe sbfyv ih`ò{ vhleh`hfbeymx `{nd En{yg Bdo{hfbe sbfyv he yo{dv n`

vukvybefo bei yhdo gn{hqne% Vhdsmx suy- _V hehyhbyhpov b{o dn{o fnef{oyo bei`nfuvoi ne eob{$ yn doihud$yo{d {ovumyv: dnvy Bvhbe sbfyv mbfj ygo fnds{ogoevhpovfnso n` s{nphvhnev fneybheoi he _V @YBv bei fgb{y b dn{o `mowhkmo bei hef{odoeybmheyol{byhne sbyg |hygnuy ygo molbmmx$kheihel bei oe`n{fobkmo nkmhlbyhnev odk{bfoi kxmhyhlbyhne$dheioi _V n``hfhbmv% Yn ko vu{o- vndo Bvhbe sbfyv- vufg bv AbsbevOfnendhf Sb{yeo{vghs Bl{oodoeyv- fnpo{ b k{nbio{ {belo n` ofnendhf bfyhphyhov kuyy{obi vn`ymx ne bl{hfumyu{bm {o`n{dv bei ne vo{phfov bei nygo{ indovyhf {olumbyn{xhvvuov% Kuy he sb{y kofbuvo n` ygoh{ bdn{sgnuv ebyu{o- bei ygo `bfy ygby ygofnefmuvhne bei hdsmodoeybyhne n` ygovo bl{oodoeyv fnhefhioi |hyg b so{hni n` y{bioowsbevhne i{hpoe he vhleh`hfbey sb{y kx `bmmhel y{bevbfyhnev fnvyv bv b {ovumy n`yofgenmnlhfbm fgbelo- ygo{o hv {obm uefo{ybheyx bknuy gn| dufg biihyhnebm y{bioheyol{byhne ygovo hey{b$Bvhbe sbfyv gbpo iomhpo{oi 'Dbefghe bei Somjdbev$Kbmbnhel;337(%

He yghv fneyowy- @YBBS {os{ovoeyv b |bx yn bfghopo ygo BSOF mhko{bmhqbyhne lnbmv%\hyg ygo Ingb eolnyhbyhnev bi{h`y- ygo ennimo kn|m s{nmhò{byhne n` vuk$nsyhdbm beisnyoeyhbmmx hefnevhvyoey s{oò{oeyhbm bl{oodoeyv hv mhjomx yn bffomo{byo% @YBBS fbevukvudo dbex n` ygod ueio{ neo udk{ommb% _myhdbyomx- hy vgnumi vooj yn bfghopo b

6 Ne ygo jox hvvuo n` bl{hfumyu{o- Bvhb gbv en fngo{oey {olhnebm heyo{ovy% Vndo Bvhbe fnuey{hov- vufg bvAbsbe bei Jn{ob- eudko{ bdnel ygo |n{miv dnvy heo``hfhoey bei s{nyofyoi bl{hfumyu{bm s{niufo{v-|ghmo nygo{v vufg bv Heineovhb- ygo Sghmhssheov- bei Ygbhmbei b{o dodko{v n` ygo Fbh{ev L{nus n`vom`$hioeyh`hoi- ene$vukvhihqhel bl{hfumyu{bm owsn{yo{v%


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0

gb{dnehqbyhne n` ygo fne`mhfyhel {umov n` n{hlhe ygby b{o be hdsoihdoey yn kuvheovvbei y{bio- `nmmn|hel ygo s{ofoioey n` ygo 288< Sbe$Ou{nsobe Fudumbyhpo Vxvyodygby dumyhmbyo{bmhqoi ygo sbensmx n` s{oò{oeyhbm y{bio bl{oodoeyv 'SYBv( ygoeowhvyhel he Ou{nso 'Kbmi|he ;330(%9

Hdsn{ybeymx- ygo @YBBS bipbefov snmhyhfbm bei ofnendhf nkaofyhpov% Hy {ohe`n{fov ygomnelvybeihel BSOF heyo{ovy he oevu{hel b vy{nel bei oeiu{hel _V s{ovoefo he ygo

{olhne bei dhyhlbyov fnefo{ev ygby hey{b$Bvhbe sbfyv |numi- he ygo dodn{bkmo |n{ivn` `n{do{ _V Vof{oyb{x n` Vybyo Abdov Kbjo{- i{b| b mheo in|e ygo dhiimo n` ygoSbfh`hf% Yghv fnevhio{byhne hv ovsofhbmmx hdsn{ybey he mhlgy n` ygo vyobix dnpodoey n`ygo Obvy Bvhbe dodko{v n` BSOF yn|b{i ovybkmhvghel ygoh{ n|e {olhne$|hios{oò{oefo b{ob% F{obyhne n` be Obvy Bvhbe Fndduehyx- n{ opoe be Obvy Bvhbe @{ooY{bio B{ob- fnumi fney{hkuyo vukvybeyhbmmx yn mhko{bmhqbyhne bei yguv gbpo b snvhyhpohdsbfy ne ygo |n{mi ofnendx% Xoy hy |numi bmvn loeo{byo dban{ eo| ihvf{hdhebyhne|hyghe ygo k{nbio{ Bvhb$Sbfh`hf voyyhel% Neo dniom `nuei ygby ygo _V fnumi mnvo bvdufg bv );? khmmhne n` beeubm owsn{yv vnmomx `{nd ygo vybyhf ihvf{hdhebyn{x o`òfyv n`be Obvy Bvhbe @{oo Y{bio B{ob 'Vfnmmbx bei Lhmko{y ;332( |ghmo benygo{- ixebdhf-dniom fnefmuioi ygby {obm |om`b{o mnvv fnumi bss{nbfg )? khmmhne 'Ahbel bei DfJhkkhe;337(% Vufg mnvvov fnumi bii vukvybeyhbmmx yn ygo s{nyofyhnehvy bei hvnmbyhnehvys{ovvu{ov ygby b{o n` |n{{hvndo vy{oelyg he ygo _V%

Yghv nuyfndo |hmm nffu{ |goygo{ n{ eny Obvy Bvhbe {olhnebm heyol{byhne `n{dbmmxs{niufov b vhelmo ofnendhf oeyhyx- vufg bv be BVOBE*6 'BVOBE smuv ygo S[F-Absbe- bei Jn{ob( `{oo y{bio b{ob n{ Absbev {ofoey s{nsnvbm `n{ be BVOBE*0 'B$VOBE smuv Buvy{bmhb- ygo S[F- Heihb- Absbe- Jn{ob- bei Eo| Qobmbei( ofnendhfsb{yeo{vghs bl{oodoey% Ygo npo{mbsshel eoy|n{j n` owhvyhel bei snyoeyhbmbl{oodoeyv- ovsofhbmmx ygo 23*2*2*2 b{{belodoeyv koy|ooe BVOBE bei ygo yg{ooEn{ygobvy Bvhbe sn|o{v- |hmm dnpo vukvybeyhbmmx he ygo vbdo ih{ofyhne% Vufg eo|y{bio ihvf{hdhebyhne bf{nvv ygo Sbfh`hf fnumi bmvn gbpo hdsn{ybey vofu{hyx o`òfyv-vufg bv mnnvoehel ygo fu{{oey y{bevsbfh`hf bmmhbefov 'o%l%- Absbe$_V(- eny mobvykofbuvo n` eolbyhpo fnel{ovvhnebm {obfyhnev yn vufg Bvhb$nemx hehyhbyhpov '{olb{imovvn` ygo sb{bmmom \ovyo{e Godhvsgo{onemx hehyhbyhpov kohel fneiufyoi kx ygo _V(%?

Hy hv hdsn{ybey yn odkoi {olhnebm ofnendhf hehyhbyhpov he k{nbio{ lonl{bsghf fneyowyvyn bpnhi ygo {hvj ygby ygox dbx vukvoruoeymx {ovhvy mhko{bmhqbyhne yn|b{i enedodko{vbei kofndo fmnvoi kmnfv% Ygo Ou{nsobe _ehne 'O_( bei hyv s{oiofovvn{v- kx `b{ ygodnvy hdsn{ybey s{oò{oeyhbm y{bio bl{oodoey 'bei n` fnu{vo dufg dn{o( opo{hdsmodoeyoi- gbpo kooe vu``hfhoeymx eovyoi he ygo LBYY.\YN vxvyod ygby ygox fnumieny {ovhvy lmnkbm vyosv yn yodso{ ygoh{ ihvf{hdhebyhne blbhevy nuyvhio{v% Ygoheyol{byhel Ou{nsobev |o{o bmvn odkoiioi he be owyoevhpo eoy|n{j n` y{bevbymbeyhf{ombyhnevghsv |hyg Fbebib bei ygo _V- hefmuihel ygo Db{vgbmm Smbe- ygo En{yg BymbeyhfY{obyx N{lbehqbyhne- bei ygo N{lbehqbyhne `n{ Ofnendhf Fnnso{byhne bei

9 Vndo SYBv |numi s{nkbkmx fneyheuo yn owhvy opoe |hyg be @YBBS% Gn|opo{- be @YBBS fnumi `nmmn|ygo s{ofoioey n` ygo nygo{ dolb${olhnebm y{bio eolnyhbyhne ygby gbv s{nfooioi he b lonl{bsghfbm b{ob|hyg b eudko{ n` s{oowhvyhel SYBv- ygo @{oo Y{bio B{ob n` ygo Bdo{hfbv '@YBB(- |gnvo eolnyhbyn{vbl{ooi ygby |ghmo ygo eo| b{{belodoey |numi eny ihvsmbfo s{oowhvyhel vuk${olhnebm heyol{byhnebl{oodoeyv- ygo s{nphvhnev n` ygo mbyyo{ |numi s{opbhm nemx yn ygo owyoey ygby ygo {hlgyv bei nkmhlbyhnevueio{ ygnvo bl{oodoeyv b{o eny fnpo{oi kx n{ ln koxnei ygo {hlgyv bei nkmhlbyhnev n` ygo @YBB'Vyosgoevne ;33


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Ygo _V- bv b snvy$heiuvy{hbm ofnendx- vy{nelmx odsgbvhqov koxnei$ygo$kn{io{hvvuov vufg bv hepovydoey bei vo{phfov- |ghfg b{o dn{o ih``hfumy yn eolnyhbyo ygbedn{o y{bihyhnebm kn{io{ dobvu{ov vufg bv yb{h``v ygby b{o ygo `nfuv n` hey{b$Bvhbeiobmv% Ygo _V soefgbey `n{ mnbihel mbkn{ vybeib{iv bei oeph{nedoeybm fnefo{ev heyn

ygovo bl{oodoeyv f{obyov b vhyubyhne he |ghfg ygo gu{imo n` eolnyhbyhel be @YB |hygygo _V hv ghlgo{ ygbe nygo{ snyoeyhbm sb{yeo{v- sb{yhfumb{mx ygo S[F%

Yg{nulg ygo s{nfovv n` ihpo{yhel y{bio `{nd lmnkbmmx o``hfhoey s{niufo{v yn movvo``hfhoey- ygnulg s{oò{oeyhbmmx `bpn{oi s{niufo{v he vhlebyn{x fnuey{hov- s{oò{oeyhbmbl{oodoeyv fbe snyoeyhbmmx gb{d knyg vhlebyn{hov bei ygh{i sb{yhov bmhjo% Ygos{nvsofy n` kohel bipo{vomx b`òfyoi kx ihvf{hdhebyn{x iobmv he Bvhb 'ovsofhbmmx ygnvohepnmphel ygo mb{lo ofnendhov n` En{ygobvy Bvhb( dhlgy snvvhkmx fnevyhyuyo b |bjo$us fbmm `n{ ygo _V Fnel{ovv- `n{fhel ygo _V yn {obvvovv hyv vybefo bei binsy b dn{o`n{ygfndhel snvyu{o%

Ygo dnvy fnevy{ufyhpo fnu{vo |numi ko yn {o$odsgbvhqo lmnkbm mhko{bmhqbyhne yg{nulgygo \YN bei ygo{okx {oiufo ygo pbmuo n` s{oò{oeyhbm iobmv% Bmyo{ebyhpomx- ygo _Vfnumi smbx yhy$`n{$yby ohygo{ kx y{xhel yn dbyfg n{ anhe ygo Bvhbe hehyhbyhpov- n{ kx

owsbeihel hyv n|e |ok n` s{oò{oeyhbm bl{oodoeyv% Ygo @YBBS fnumi ko bfn{eo{vyneo n` vufg b vy{byolx% Ohygo{ nsyhne bvvudov ygby ygo _V gbv ygo snmhyhfbmfbsbfhyx yn mhko{bmhqo y{bio%

?% FNEFM_VHNE

Ygo @YBBS hehyhbyhpo {os{ovoeyv b snmhyhfbmmx bdkhyhnuv- ghlg snyoeyhbm koeo`hy nsyhne`n{ bfghophel Bvhbe {olhnebm heyol{byhne% Bdnel hyv iovh{bkmo byy{hkuyov- ygo @YBBShehyhbyhpo fnumi goms {ophpo bei s{ndnyo b vuffovvùm fnefmuvhne n` ygo Ingb [nueieolnyhbyhnev: fnevyhyuyo b Smbe K goilo h` ygo Aumx ;337 kuvy$us he Loeopb db{jvygo so{dbeoey `bhmu{o n` ygo Ingb [nuei: vgn{y$fh{fuhy ygo ù{ygo{ s{nmhò{byhne n`khmbyo{bm bei vuk${olhnebm SYBv ygby f{obyo vukvybeyhbm eo| ihvf{hdhebyhne bei

ihvfn{i |hyghe ygo Bvhb$Sbfh`hf {olhne: ioùvo ygo {oeo|oi {hvj n` i{b|hel b mheoin|e ygo dhiimo n` ygo Sbfh`hf bv Obvy Bvhbe- bei so{gbsv \ovyo{e Godhvsgo{o-hehyhbyhpov s{niufo ihvheyol{byhne n` ygo Bvhb$Sbfh`hf {olhne {bygo{ ygbe ygo heyol{byhnen` ygby k{nbio{ {olhne ygby BSOF |bv f{obyoi yn `nvyo{: fgbeeom ygo S[F$_Vofnendhf fne`mhfy heyn b dn{o fnevy{ufyhpo bei movv fne`{neybyhnebm fneyowy: bei{ophybmhqo BSOF- |ghfg hv n` oegbefoi hdsn{ybefo kofbuvo n` ygo s{nvsofyv `n{ Bvhb$Sbfh`hf bei ovsofhbmmx S[F$_V `hvvu{ov%

S{hn{ yn ygo hehyhbm BSOF vuddhyv- he Vobyymo he 2886 bei Knln{ he 2889- ò|nkvo{po{v komhopoi hy |numi ko snvvhkmo n{ opoe fnefohpbkmo `n{ ygo BSOF mobio{v ynoein{vo ygo fnefosy n` `{oo bei nsoe y{bio bei hepovydoey he ygo {olhne kx ygoibyov fo{ybhe n` ;323 bei ;3;3% Dbex dodko{ ofnendhov |o{o vjosyhfbm n` ygo|hmmheleovv bei bkhmhyx n` ygo _V yn ybjo sb{y he vufg be hehyhbyhpo- moy bmneo mobi hy% Ygomobio{v ihi binsy ygo Knln{ lnbmv- gn|opo{- bei ygo _V smbxoi b foey{bm {nmo he ygbys{nfovv% Ygox ihi vn `n{ dbex n` ygo vbdo {obvnev ygby vood vn fndsommhelmx he`bpn{ n` {ovuvfhybyhel ygo Knln{ vy{byolx phb be @YBBS ynibx%

Ygby ob{mho{ o``n{y `nueio{oi he ygo hevhvyoey odk{bfo he vndo rub{yo{v n` ene$fneihyhnebm bei ene${ofhs{nfbm mhko{bmhqbyhne ueio{ ygo vmnlbev n` nsoe {olhnebmhvdbei fnefo{yoi uehmbyo{bmhvdb vybefo ygby ihi eny fndsn{y |hyg ygo ofnendhfheyo{ovyv n` ygo dban{ smbxo{v bei |bv b snmhyhfbm ene$vyb{yo{ he eob{mx bmm ebyhnebm

y{bio he _V @YBv bei |numi {os{ovoey b gu{imo yn {nmmhel owhvyhel _V bl{oodoeyv heyn b vhelmo@YBBS%


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fbshybmv% Vhefo ygoe eob{mx bmm ygo BSOF dodko{v gbpo eolnyhbyoi y{bihyhnebm{ofhs{nfbm y{bio iobmv |hyg obfg nygo{% Be hef{odoeybm bss{nbfg yn ygo @YBBS-owsmhfhymx odknixhel oe`n{fobkmo {ofhs{nfbm fnddhydoeyv- n``o{v ygo kovy gnso n`npo{fndhel yghv `bybm fnefohy bei iomhpo{hel ne ygo fnefosyv bkueibey koeo`hyv%


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;3

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Bllb{|bm- Pheni J% ;33 Ygo Snmhyhfbm Ofnendx n` b @{oo Y{bio B{ob n` ygo Bvhb$Sbfh`hf%Vhelbsn{o1 HVOBV Sukmhvghel%

BIK% ;337%Odo{lhel Bvhbe [olhnebmhvd1 b Sb{yeo{vghs n{ Vgb{oi S{nvso{hyx %Dbehmb%

Kbmi|he- [hfgb{i O% ;330% Dumyhmbyo{bmhvhel [olhnebmhvd1 Vsblgoyyh Kn|mv bv KuhmihelKmnfv ne ygo Sbyg yn Lmnkbm @{oo Y{bio%Ygo \n{mi Ofnendx ;8 '22(1 29?2 ?27 'Enpodko{(%

Ko{lvyoe- F% @{oi% ;33?%Ygo _ehyoi Vybyov bei ygo \n{mi Ofnendx1 @n{ohle Ofnendhf Snmhfx `n{ ygo Eowy Iofbio% Soyo{vne Hevyhyuyo n{ Heyo{ebyhnebmOfnendhfv% \bvghelyne- IF%

Ko{lvyoe- F% @{oi bei Kbyov Lhmm- Ehfgnmbv [% Mb{ix- bei Io{oj A% Dhyfgomm%;330% Fgheb1 Ygo Kbmbefo Vgooy1 \gby ygo \n{mi Eooiv yn Jen| En| Bknuy ygo Odo{lhel Vuso{sn|o{ % Eo| Xn{j1 SukmhfB``bh{v S{ovv%

Ygo \bmm Vy{ooy Anu{ebm % Ko{lvyoe- F% @{oi% ;337% Ygo Iodnf{byv Ibelo{nuvY{bio Lbdov% Dbx ;3% s% B;6%

Ku{`hvgo{- Db{x O%- Vgo{dbe [nkhevne- bei Jb{oe Ygho{`omio{% ;332% Ygo Hdsbfy n`EB@YB ne ygo _ehyoi Vybyov%Anu{ebm n` Ofnendhf So{vsofyhpov % 2?'2(1 2;?$99%

Iovymo{- H%D% ;33?%Bdo{hfbe Y{bio Snmhyhfv '`nu{yg oihyhne(% Soyo{vne Hevyhyuyo `n{Heyo{ebyhnebm Ofnendhfv% \bvghelyne- IF%

@{bejom- Ao``{ox B% bei Vgbel$ahe \oh% ;33


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Gu`kbuo{- Lb{x Fmxio bei Ao``{ox A% Vfgnyy% ;33

the free trade area of the asia-pacific: a constructive approach to multilateralizing asian...

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