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The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization Distributed GA and SA Algorithms for Structural Optimization Jan 11, 2002 Hyo Seon Park

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Page 1: The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization Distributed GA and SA Algorithms for Structural Optimization Jan 11, 2002 Hyo

The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization

Distributed GA and SA Algorithms for Structural Optimization

Distributed GA and SA Algorithms for Structural Optimization

Jan 11, 2002Jan 11, 2002

Hyo Seon ParkHyo Seon Park

Page 2: The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization Distributed GA and SA Algorithms for Structural Optimization Jan 11, 2002 Hyo

The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization

Distinction between two approaches

• Conventional design process is less formal

• Performance of the system is not identified

• Trend information is not calculated to make design decisions for improvement of the system

Conventional vs. Optimum Design

Optimization is the process of maximizing or minimizing an objective

function while satisfying the constraints.

Page 3: The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization Distributed GA and SA Algorithms for Structural Optimization Jan 11, 2002 Hyo

The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization

1st and 2nd order algorithms

• Sensitivity information

• Necessary or sufficient conditions

Optimization Algorithms

0th order algorithms

• Analogy from nature

• GA (Genetic Algorithm), SA (Simulated Annealing)

NDM (Neural Dynamic Model)

Page 4: The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization Distributed GA and SA Algorithms for Structural Optimization Jan 11, 2002 Hyo

Introduction

SA and GA have been successfully applied to structural optimization.

Requires the excessive computational time for the solution

They have also pointed out the requirement for the computationaltime

Computational time requirement is still a serious barrier toapplication of the algorithms in large-scale optimization problems

The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization

Offers good optimum solutions

Several approaches have been proposed to reduce the computational

time for general iterative algorithms

Page 5: The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization Distributed GA and SA Algorithms for Structural Optimization Jan 11, 2002 Hyo

The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization

Efficient Algorithm for OptimizationEfficient Algorithm for Optimization Efficient Algorithm for OptimizationEfficient Algorithm for Optimization

Using High-Performance ComputersUsing High-Performance Computers Development of efficient design methodDevelopment of efficient design method

Expensive cost Operating system Development of software for message

passing such as PVM or MPI

Expensive cost Operating system Development of software for message

passing such as PVM or MPI

Usage of High-Performance Computer is not real.Usage of High-Performance Computer is not real.

Development of efficient structural analysis Development of efficient structural analysis algorithm is essential for large-scale structurealgorithm is essential for large-scale structure

Development of efficient structural analysis Development of efficient structural analysis algorithm is essential for large-scale structurealgorithm is essential for large-scale structure

Achieve the efficient analysis and Achieve the efficient analysis and design for large-scale structuredesign for large-scale structure

Achieve the efficient analysis and Achieve the efficient analysis and design for large-scale structuredesign for large-scale structure

In advanced countries Universal usage of High-

Performance Computers In structural engineering fields, use the HPC Use the parallel algorithm on HPC

In advanced countries Universal usage of High-

Performance Computers In structural engineering fields, use the HPC Use the parallel algorithm on HPC

Introduction

Page 6: The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization Distributed GA and SA Algorithms for Structural Optimization Jan 11, 2002 Hyo

The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization

Simulated Annealing

반복적 개선법 + 확률적 수용

Metropolis 의 열평형 시뮬레이션 Random generator : and

; Acceptance

; Probability acceptance

= 볼쯔만 상수 = 온도

oldX X

newX

old XX )()( oldnew XEXEE

0E0E

Tk

EP

b

exp bk

T

Page 7: The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization Distributed GA and SA Algorithms for Structural Optimization Jan 11, 2002 Hyo

Serial SA Algorithm

Two-phase cooling strategy

SQ(Simulated quenching) + SA

Cooling schedule• SQ strategy : f = 1/N• SA strategy : f = 1/ N0.5

The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization

Terminate Conditions• SQ strategy

Relative variation of Object function• SA strategy

Relative variation of Object function and

average variation of design variables

Page 8: The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization Distributed GA and SA Algorithms for Structural Optimization Jan 11, 2002 Hyo

Problem Formulation

Minimizeii

m

i

LAXF

1

)(

j k lnc

j

nb

k

nbr

lllkkjj

NS

i

LALALA1 1 11

Subject to 1. Under Winder Load

2. Load Combination [DL+LL, (DL+LL+W)/1.5, (DL+LL-W)/1.5]

400

500h

H

i

T

1 iii

1allow

The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization

Page 9: The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization Distributed GA and SA Algorithms for Structural Optimization Jan 11, 2002 Hyo

Parallel Processing Machine

The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization

Pentium III 500MHz

Main Memory :128Mbytes

Ethernet Card : 10Mbps

Pentium III 500MHz

Main Memory :128Mbytes

Ethernet Card : 10Mbps

: Communication (WMPI Library)

Page 10: The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization Distributed GA and SA Algorithms for Structural Optimization Jan 11, 2002 Hyo

Parallelism for SQ

Slave 1 Slave 2 Slave 3

Master

a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 a9

a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 a9 a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 a9 a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 a9

a1

a4

a8a1

a4

a8

a3

a5 a9

a3

a5 a9

a2

a6

a7

a2

a6

a7

Initial Assemblea1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 a9

The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization

Page 11: The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization Distributed GA and SA Algorithms for Structural Optimization Jan 11, 2002 Hyo

Parallelism for SA

Slave 1 Slave 2 Slave 3

Master

a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 a9

Initial

a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 a9 a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 a9 a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 a9

All va

riable

All

var

iabl

e

All

var

iabl

e

All variable

All va

riable

All variable

a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 a9

a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 a9

a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 a9

Select Minimum Weight

The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization

Page 12: The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization Distributed GA and SA Algorithms for Structural Optimization Jan 11, 2002 Hyo

Cooling Schedule

Temperature

Terminate Condition

This conditions are equals to serial algorithm

The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization

Parallel SA Algorithm

Page 13: The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization Distributed GA and SA Algorithms for Structural Optimization Jan 11, 2002 Hyo

Applications

Regular 21-story braced

frame structure

Irregular 21-story braced frame structure

Fy : 4000 kgf/cm2

Elastic Modulus : 2.04x106 kgf/cm2

Self Weight : 7.85 tonf/m3

Dead Load : 3.29 tonf/m

Live Load : 1.26 tonf/m

The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization

Page 14: The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization Distributed GA and SA Algorithms for Structural Optimization Jan 11, 2002 Hyo

Convergence Histories

Serial Algorithm : Regular Parallel Algorithm : Regular

The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization

Page 15: The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization Distributed GA and SA Algorithms for Structural Optimization Jan 11, 2002 Hyo

Convergence Histories

Serial Algorithm : Irregular Parallel Algorithm : Irregular

The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization

Page 16: The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization Distributed GA and SA Algorithms for Structural Optimization Jan 11, 2002 Hyo

Performance of Algorithm

직렬알고리즘은 최대오차 2% 이내로 수렴하는 비율이 약 66%

병렬 알고리즘은 약 83% 로 높게 나타남 층의 연결성 제약

알고리즘의 평균 수행시간과 평균 최적 중량 ( 최대오차 2%)

Serial 2 4 8

average weight (tonf) 110.140 109.596 109.682 109.237

average computational time (sec) 741.194 273.393 171.149 136.164

average weight (tonf) 110.584 104.310 106.760 107.603

average computational time (sec) 606.050 315.382 174.517 136.652

Regular

Irregular

Number of Slave Computers

Serial 2 4 8

average weight (tonf) 110.140 109.596 109.682 109.237

average computational time (sec) 741.194 273.393 171.149 136.164

average weight (tonf) 110.584 104.310 106.760 107.603

average computational time (sec) 606.050 315.382 174.517 136.652

Regular

Irregular

Number of Slave Computers

The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization

Page 17: The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization Distributed GA and SA Algorithms for Structural Optimization Jan 11, 2002 Hyo

Relative Speedup

The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization

Page 18: The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization Distributed GA and SA Algorithms for Structural Optimization Jan 11, 2002 Hyo

Conclusions-SA

Slave Slave 컴퓨터의 수가 컴퓨터의 수가 2, 4, 82, 4, 8 대 인 경우대 인 경우 , , 본 알고리즘의 본 알고리즘의 Relative SpeedupRelative Speedup 은 은 2.7, 4.3, 5.42.7, 4.3, 5.4

로 높게 나타났다로 높게 나타났다 ..

고층 철골조 구조물을 위한 효율적 병렬 최적 설계 알고리즘고층 철골조 구조물을 위한 효율적 병렬 최적 설계 알고리즘

SQSQ 단계 단계 : : 알고리즘의 구성상 높은 효율성을 발휘알고리즘의 구성상 높은 효율성을 발휘

SA SA 단계 단계 : : 국부최소점 탈출효과를 충분히 얻을 수 있었다국부최소점 탈출효과를 충분히 얻을 수 있었다 ..

SQSQ 단계에서 너무 이른 수렴으로 인해 알고리즘의 수행시간이 증가될 수 있다단계에서 너무 이른 수렴으로 인해 알고리즘의 수행시간이 증가될 수 있다 . .

SQSQ 단계와 단계와 SA SA 단계의 적절한 냉각스케쥴에 대한 연구 필요단계의 적절한 냉각스케쥴에 대한 연구 필요

The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization

Page 19: The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization Distributed GA and SA Algorithms for Structural Optimization Jan 11, 2002 Hyo

직렬 유전 알고리즘직렬 유전 알고리즘

유전 알고리즘의 장점유전 알고리즘의 장점

기존 최적화 알고리즘과 차이점기존 최적화 알고리즘과 차이점

초기 집단 생성

적합도 평가

; 선택 재생

교 배

돌연변이

종료 조건

시 작

종 료

NO

YES

•개념이 단순하고 전역적 탐색능력이 우수•이식성과 유연성이 높음•개념이 단순하고 전역적 탐색능력이 우수•이식성과 유연성이 높음

•설계변수를 coding 하여 직접사용•복수개의 해집단 운용•목적함수 값만을 사용•내재적인 병렬성

•설계변수를 coding 하여 직접사용•복수개의 해집단 운용•목적함수 값만을 사용•내재적인 병렬성

Page 20: The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization Distributed GA and SA Algorithms for Structural Optimization Jan 11, 2002 Hyo

유전 연산자유전 연산자

Coding Coding

10 2 30 17

01010 00010 11110 10001

설계변수

genotype

phenotype

mapping

codedvariable

actualvariable

x1 x2 x3 x4

a1 a2 a3 a8 a9 a10

b8 b9 b10b1 b2 b3

p1

p2

o1

o2

a4 a5 a6 a7

b4 b5 b6 b7 a4 a5 a6 a7

b4 b5 b6 b7a1 a2 a3 a8 a9 a10

b1 b2 b3 b8 b9 b10

a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 a7 a8 a9 a10 b6

b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 a6 a7 a8 a9 a10

p1

p2

a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 o1

o2

a7 a8 a9 a10

b1 b2 a3 b4 b5 a6 a7 a8 a9 a10

교 차교 차

돌연변이돌연변이

YONSEI UNIV. Highrise Building Structural Lab.

Page 21: The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization Distributed GA and SA Algorithms for Structural Optimization Jan 11, 2002 Hyo

유전 알고리즘 개요 유전 알고리즘 개요

X1 X3

X2

선택

:8단면리스트 개

0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1

0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1

0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1

1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1

1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0

1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1

3 4 1

2 7 3

1 2 7

7 6 3

4 5 2

4 7 3

X1 X2 X3

1

2

3

4

5

6

0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1

0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1

0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1

1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1

1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0

1

1

2

4

5

1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 05

교배

돌연변이

0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1

0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1

0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1

1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0

1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1

1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

YONSEI UNIV. Highrise Building Structural Lab.

Page 22: The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization Distributed GA and SA Algorithms for Structural Optimization Jan 11, 2002 Hyo

정 식 화 정 식 화

MinimizeMinimize

j k lnc

1j

nb

1k

nbr

1lllkkjj

NS

1i

LALALAρ

Subjected to 1. 횡변위 제약

2. 응력 제약

대한건축학회 강구조계산규준 (1983)

Subjected to 1. 횡변위 제약

2. 응력 제약

대한건축학회 강구조계산규준 (1983)

400

hδ i

1iii ΔΔδ

σ

allow

Penalty FunctionPenalty FunctionPenalty(X)f(X)F(X)

f(X)F(X)

InfeasibleX

FeasibleX

2m

1jaj

j2

2n

1jaj

j1f

σ

σr

δ

δr

2

1)f(XPenalty(X)

ii

m

1i

LAρF(X)

YONSEI UNIV. Highrise Building Structural Lab.

Page 23: The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization Distributed GA and SA Algorithms for Structural Optimization Jan 11, 2002 Hyo

Parameter Setting Parameter Setting

유전 파라메터유전 파라메터 Population : 120

Crossover rate : 0.6

Mutation rate : 0.01

Inversion rate : 0.01

2P Inversion rate

: 0.01

Tournament size

: 8

종료조건

전체 해집단 가운데 50% 이상이 설계 가용영역이고 최고의 적응도를 가지는

개체가 설계 가용 영역중 50% 이상 차지하는 경우가 2 회 이상 반복될 때

수렴하는 것으로 가정

종료조건

전체 해집단 가운데 50% 이상이 설계 가용영역이고 최고의 적응도를 가지는

개체가 설계 가용 영역중 50% 이상 차지하는 경우가 2 회 이상 반복될 때

수렴하는 것으로 가정

YONSEI UNIV. Highrise Building Structural Lab.

Page 24: The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization Distributed GA and SA Algorithms for Structural Optimization Jan 11, 2002 Hyo

Parameter Setting Parameter Setting

교차율별 수렴곡선 돌연변이율별 수렴곡선

YONSEI UNIV. Highrise Building Structural Lab.

Page 25: The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization Distributed GA and SA Algorithms for Structural Optimization Jan 11, 2002 Hyo

예제 적용 (직렬 ) 예제 적용 (직렬 )

25 부재 3 차원 트러스 구조물

8 variable

(kip)하중 절점

1 10 - 100 10 - 10

0.5 0 00.6 0 0

Y Z

1236

X

YONSEI UNIV. Highrise Building Structural Lab.

Page 26: The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization Distributed GA and SA Algorithms for Structural Optimization Jan 11, 2002 Hyo

Variable Mutation RateVariable Mutation Rate

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 2000.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

Mu

tati

on

Rat

e

Generation

0 100 200 300 400 5000.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

0.035

0.040

0.045

0.050

Mut

atio

n R

ate

Generation

i1

maxgen-1m final

mutation m initialm initial

( ) =P

P i PP

I : 반복수

Pm final: 최종 돌연변이율

Pm initial : 초기 돌연변이율

Maxgen : 감소 구간

초기 돌연변이율에 따른 Variable Mutation Rate

감소구간에 따른 Variable Mutation Rate

YONSEI UNIV. Highrise Building Structural Lab.

Page 27: The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization Distributed GA and SA Algorithms for Structural Optimization Jan 11, 2002 Hyo

최적해 비교 최적해 비교

0 20 40 60 80

480

500

520

540

560

580

600

620

Wei

ght (

lb)

Iteration

25 Members space truss

G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 (lb)중량Zhu (1986) 0.1 1.9 2.6 0.1 0.1 0.8 2.1 2.6 562.93

Rajeev (1992) 0.1 1.8 2.3 0.2 0.1 0.8 1.8 3 546.95Neural Dynamics 0.6 1.4 2.8 0.5 0.6 0.5 1.2 3 543.95

SA (1999) 0.1 0.2 3.4 0.1 0.8 0.9 1.1 3.4 496.36GA 0.1 0.5 3.4 0.1 1.5 1 0.5 3.4 486.29

YONSEI UNIV. Highrise Building Structural Lab.

Page 28: The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization Distributed GA and SA Algorithms for Structural Optimization Jan 11, 2002 Hyo

종료시 반복수 비교종료시 반복수 비교

intial (0.08) intial (0.06) intial (0.04) intial (0.02)0

20

40

60

80

100

Iter

atio

n

Initial Mutation Rate

Maxgen(200) Maxgen(300) Maxgen(400) Maxgen(500)0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Itera

tion

Max Generation

초기 돌연변이율에 따른 반복수 감소구간에 따른 반복수

YONSEI UNIV. Highrise Building Structural Lab.

Page 29: The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization Distributed GA and SA Algorithms for Structural Optimization Jan 11, 2002 Hyo

Random Generation of Initial Population (control feasible individual)

Convergency Check

Decode Chromosome and Assign Member property

Computer 1 Computer 2 Computer n

Structural Analysis in Subpopulation

Examine constraint by ASD

Structural Analysis in Subpopulation

Examine constraint by ASD

Structural Analysis in Subpopulation

Examine constraint by ASD

Fitness EvaluationPenalty Function Governing Factor (stress)

feasible)(

infeasibleRatio)(n

1iviolatefeasibleinmax

XXfXF

XrWXfCXF iweight

Selection tournament selection

do i=1,npselect best chromosome in tournament

enddo

Inversion

Reproduction

End

Crossover2 point crossover

(column, beam, brace)np/2

Mutation

saveElit chromosome

InsertElit chromosome

No

Yes

Page 30: The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization Distributed GA and SA Algorithms for Structural Optimization Jan 11, 2002 Hyo

예제 적용 (병렬 )예제 적용 (병렬 )

3 @ 7m

4.5m

20 @ 3.75m

5

6

7

1

2

3

4

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

5

5

6

6

7

7

5

6

7

1

2

3

4

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

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5

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3 @ 7m

4.5m

20 @ 3.75m

5

6

7

1

2

3

4

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

5

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33

33

33

34

34

34

35

35

35

WL

1260kg/mLL

3290kg/mDL

)2.4t/cmSS400(F 2y

3

26

7.85t/mρ

kg/cm102.04E

3 경간 21 층 평면 가새골조3경간 21 층 평면 가새골조

KS 규준에 의거 풍력 산정

35 variable

YONSEI UNIV. Highrise Building Structural Lab.

Page 31: The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization Distributed GA and SA Algorithms for Structural Optimization Jan 11, 2002 Hyo

Slave 개수별 수렴곡선 Slave 개수별 수렴곡선

직렬 알고리즘 병렬 알고리즘

YONSEI UNIV. Highrise Building Structural Lab.

Page 32: The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization Distributed GA and SA Algorithms for Structural Optimization Jan 11, 2002 Hyo

Speedup 평가 Speedup 평가

time weightserial 142.49 min 131.6 t

2 slave 68.65 min 128.9 t4 slave 34.88 min 129.2 t6 slave 23.34 min 132.4 t8 slave 17.32 min 129.8 t

Slave 개수별 최적화 수행시간

전체 최적화 시간 중

구조해석에 소요된 시간

99.996 %

YONSEI UNIV. Highrise Building Structural Lab.

Page 33: The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization Distributed GA and SA Algorithms for Structural Optimization Jan 11, 2002 Hyo

최적화 과정중 단면선택 최적화 과정중 단면선택

초기 단면 선택 30 회 반복후 단면선택

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

설계변수

단면

리스

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

설계변수단

면리

스트

YONSEI UNIV. Highrise Building Structural Lab.

Page 34: The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization Distributed GA and SA Algorithms for Structural Optimization Jan 11, 2002 Hyo

최적화 과정중 단면선택 최적화 과정중 단면선택

30 회 반복후 단면선택

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

설계변수

단면

리스

YONSEI UNIV. Highrise Building Structural Lab.

90 회 반복후 단면선택

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

설계변수단

면리

스트

Page 35: The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization Distributed GA and SA Algorithms for Structural Optimization Jan 11, 2002 Hyo

SA 와 비교 SA 와 비교

1260kg/mLL

3290kg/mDL

외측기둥 1 2 3 4 5 6 7GA 295.4 250.7 218.7 186.8 173.9 119.8 92.18SA 295.4 250.7 218.7 178.5 146 119.8 92.18

내측기둥 8 9 10 11 12 13 14GA 528.6 528.6 360.7 295.4 250.7 173.9 92.18SA 528.6 528.6 360.7 295.4 218.7 146 92.18보 15 16 17 18 19 20 21GA 84.3 96.76 84.3 84.3 84.12 84.3 84.3SA 84.12 84.3 84.12 84.12 84.12 84.3 84.3보 22 23 24 25 26 27 28GA 84.3 84.3 84.3 84.3 84.3 96.76 84.3SA 96.76 84.3 84.3 84.3 84.3 84.3 84.3

가새 29 30 31 32 33 34 35GA 40.14 40.14 40.14 40.14 40.14 40.14 40.14SA 63.53 40.14 40.14 40.14 40.14 40.14 40.14

GA와 SA의 선택된 단면적 비교 )( 2cm

DL +LL 동시에 작용할 때 SA 와 비교GA : 104.31 tSA : 103.07 t

DL +LL 동시에 작용할 때 SA 와 비교GA : 104.31 tSA : 103.07 t

GA의 수렴곡선

YONSEI UNIV. Highrise Building Structural Lab.

Page 36: The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization Distributed GA and SA Algorithms for Structural Optimization Jan 11, 2002 Hyo

결 론 결 론

적응도 평가의 병렬화 최적화 수행시간이 선형적으로 감소

적응도 평가의 병렬화 최적화 수행시간이 선형적으로 감소

슬래이브 수와 무관하게 선형적으로 감소슬래이브 수와 무관하게 선형적으로 감소

토너먼트 선택의 실용성 구조 최적화의 선택전략으로 적합

토너먼트 선택의 실용성 구조 최적화의 선택전략으로 적합

YONSEI UNIV. Highrise Building Structural Lab.

PC 에서 구조 최적화를 위한 유전 알고리즘 의 실용성 확보

PC 에서 구조 최적화를 위한 유전 알고리즘 의 실용성 확보

가변형 돌연변이율의 적용 최적점 부근의 불필요한 탐색을 제거하여 수렴유도

가변형 돌연변이율의 적용 최적점 부근의 불필요한 탐색을 제거하여 수렴유도

Page 37: The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization Distributed GA and SA Algorithms for Structural Optimization Jan 11, 2002 Hyo

The range of application of optimization is

limited only by the imagination or

Ingenuity of Engineers.