The Five Major ReligionsThe Five Major Religions

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• Compare and contrast the tenets of the five major world religions (i.e., Christianity, Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism, and Judaism).

• Compare and contrast the tenets of the five major world religions (i.e., Christianity, Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism, and Judaism).

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Christianity

Islam

Hinduism Judaism

Buddhism

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ChristianityChristianityChristianityChristianity

• The early Hebrews who eventually developed into the Jewish religion became the foundation of Christianity.

• Jesus, or the Messiah, was a Jewish boy who disagreed with some of the Jewish principles of his day began to profess a new way of thinking.

• This eventually led to the beginning of the Christian religion.

• The early Hebrews who eventually developed into the Jewish religion became the foundation of Christianity.

• Jesus, or the Messiah, was a Jewish boy who disagreed with some of the Jewish principles of his day began to profess a new way of thinking.

• This eventually led to the beginning of the Christian religion.

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Event A: Birth of JesusEvent A: Birth of JesusEvent A: Birth of JesusEvent A: Birth of Jesus

• Roman Emperor, Augustus Caesar, ordered a census

• Joseph & Mary have to travel 90 miles from Nazareth to Bethlehem

• No room in the inn so forced to stay in a stable

• Little is know of Jesus childhood• Jesus begins his ministry @ 30 years old

after he was Baptized by John the Baptist• Jesus goes into wilderness for 40 days• John proclaims Jesus as the messiah, the

savior-king that Jews believed God would send.

• Roman Emperor, Augustus Caesar, ordered a census

• Joseph & Mary have to travel 90 miles from Nazareth to Bethlehem

• No room in the inn so forced to stay in a stable

• Little is know of Jesus childhood• Jesus begins his ministry @ 30 years old

after he was Baptized by John the Baptist• Jesus goes into wilderness for 40 days• John proclaims Jesus as the messiah, the

savior-king that Jews believed God would send.

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Event Event BB: Jesus’ Teachings: Jesus’ TeachingsEvent Event BB: Jesus’ Teachings: Jesus’ Teachings

• Chose 12 disciples or followers• Most important teachings were to “love God”

& “your neighbor”• Taught in parables- simple stories that

contained important messages• Could gain eternal life following God’s will• Performed miracles: cured diseases,

restored sight, raised the dead, calming storms, changing water to wine, walking on water

• Chose 12 disciples or followers• Most important teachings were to “love God”

& “your neighbor”• Taught in parables- simple stories that

contained important messages• Could gain eternal life following God’s will• Performed miracles: cured diseases,

restored sight, raised the dead, calming storms, changing water to wine, walking on water

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Event C:Event C: The Crucifixion & The Crucifixion & ResurrectionResurrection

Event C:Event C: The Crucifixion & The Crucifixion & ResurrectionResurrection

• Jesus went to Jerusalem when he was 33 to celebrate the Jewish festival of Passover

• Pharisees & Sadducees (Jewish religious leaders) resented and feared Jesus’ popularity as a teacher

• Jewish authorities found Jesus guilty of Blasphemy b/c he called himself the Son of God

• They took Jesus to Pontius Pilate, the Roman prefect, for sentencing

• Jesus went to Jerusalem when he was 33 to celebrate the Jewish festival of Passover

• Pharisees & Sadducees (Jewish religious leaders) resented and feared Jesus’ popularity as a teacher

• Jewish authorities found Jesus guilty of Blasphemy b/c he called himself the Son of God

• They took Jesus to Pontius Pilate, the Roman prefect, for sentencing

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ChristianityChristianityChristianityChristianity

• Christianity started about 2000 years ago about the same time of Jesus.

• The central point of Christian belief is that God, the Father, entered into human history as the Son, Jesus of Nazereth, and arose as the Holy Spirit. 

• Christianity started about 2000 years ago about the same time of Jesus.

• The central point of Christian belief is that God, the Father, entered into human history as the Son, Jesus of Nazereth, and arose as the Holy Spirit. 

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Christian PhilosophyChristian PhilosophyChristian PhilosophyChristian Philosophy

• God is the Creator of the universe. There is one God, Who is Three  Persons-      Father, Son and Holy Spirit.

• Jesus is both fully man and fully God.  He was born of the Virgin Mary  Crucified, resurrected from the dead, and ascended to the Father.

• God is the Creator of the universe. There is one God, Who is Three  Persons-      Father, Son and Holy Spirit.

• Jesus is both fully man and fully God.  He was born of the Virgin Mary  Crucified, resurrected from the dead, and ascended to the Father.

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Christian PhilosophyChristian PhilosophyChristian PhilosophyChristian Philosophy

• Sin and Evil are realities in our existence.

• The Bible is the Holy Book that records God's revelation.

• All believers are promised life everlasting.

• The leader of Christianity was Jesus, and the followers was his 12 disciples.

• Sin and Evil are realities in our existence.

• The Bible is the Holy Book that records God's revelation.

• All believers are promised life everlasting.

• The leader of Christianity was Jesus, and the followers was his 12 disciples.

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CHRIST IMAGES-AFTER 3RD CCHRIST IMAGES-AFTER 3RD CCHRIST IMAGES-AFTER 3RD CCHRIST IMAGES-AFTER 3RD C

• MORE REALISM• AS TEACHER

– BREAKING LOAVES– RAISING LAZARUS– VARIOUS MIRACLES

• MORE REALISM• AS TEACHER

– BREAKING LOAVES– RAISING LAZARUS– VARIOUS MIRACLES

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CHRIST IMAGES AFTER 4TH CCHRIST IMAGES AFTER 4TH CCHRIST IMAGES AFTER 4TH CCHRIST IMAGES AFTER 4TH C

BEARDED, CLOTHING STYLE CHANGES

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• Early Christians were pacifists and would not serve in the army

• Christians held monogamous marriages to be sacred

• Roman officials blamed and punished Christians for plagues, famines, and other disasters

• Most Roman emperors continued to persecute Christians (Nero, Dacius, Valerian, Diocletian)

• Early Christians were pacifists and would not serve in the army

• Christians held monogamous marriages to be sacred

• Roman officials blamed and punished Christians for plagues, famines, and other disasters

• Most Roman emperors continued to persecute Christians (Nero, Dacius, Valerian, Diocletian)

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What is Buddhism?What is Buddhism?What is Buddhism?What is Buddhism?

• Buddhism is a major world religion, or in a better sense, philosophy.

• It is the 4th largest religion of the world, and has about 300,000,000 people living by it.

• It explains the purpose of life, injustices and inequality around the world.

• It also helps people by providing a way of life that will lead to true happiness.

• Buddhism is a major world religion, or in a better sense, philosophy.

• It is the 4th largest religion of the world, and has about 300,000,000 people living by it.

• It explains the purpose of life, injustices and inequality around the world.

• It also helps people by providing a way of life that will lead to true happiness.

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BuddhismBuddhismBuddhismBuddhism

• Founding person of Buddhism is Siddhartha Guatama, the Buddha

• The Dalai Lama is a Buddhist monk who remains the leader of the Tibetans.

• Buddhism is a major religion in China, Japan, India, and Tibet.

• Founding person of Buddhism is Siddhartha Guatama, the Buddha

• The Dalai Lama is a Buddhist monk who remains the leader of the Tibetans.

• Buddhism is a major religion in China, Japan, India, and Tibet.

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What Did Buddha Teach?What Did Buddha Teach?What Did Buddha Teach?What Did Buddha Teach?

• He taught the 4 Noble truths which sum up Buddhism religion

• He also taught the noble eight fold path

• He taught to lead a moral life, be mindful and aware of thoughts and actions and to develop wisdom and understanding

• He also taught the 5 precepts

• He taught the 4 Noble truths which sum up Buddhism religion

• He also taught the noble eight fold path

• He taught to lead a moral life, be mindful and aware of thoughts and actions and to develop wisdom and understanding

• He also taught the 5 precepts

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What are the Four Noble Truths?What are the Four Noble Truths?What are the Four Noble Truths?What are the Four Noble Truths?

• The first was that life is suffering• You can’t live without death, frustration, etc.

• The second is that suffering is caused by craving and aversion

• Getting what you want doesn’t guarantee happiness, it deprives you of it

• The third is that suffering can be overcome, and true happiness attained

• If we stop craving useless things, and live each day at a time (not living in the future) we will be happy and free.

• The fourth is that the Noble eight fold path leads to the end of all suffering

• The first was that life is suffering• You can’t live without death, frustration, etc.

• The second is that suffering is caused by craving and aversion

• Getting what you want doesn’t guarantee happiness, it deprives you of it

• The third is that suffering can be overcome, and true happiness attained

• If we stop craving useless things, and live each day at a time (not living in the future) we will be happy and free.

• The fourth is that the Noble eight fold path leads to the end of all suffering

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The Major Philosophy of BuddhismThe Major Philosophy of BuddhismThe Major Philosophy of BuddhismThe Major Philosophy of Buddhism

• Love: without conditions

• Compassion: or feeling at one with the person who is suffering

• Sympathetic Joy:Celebrate the happiness of others, and do not resent their good fortune.

• Impartiality: Treat everyone equally, and do not use others for personal gain or to win approval.

• Love: without conditions

• Compassion: or feeling at one with the person who is suffering

• Sympathetic Joy:Celebrate the happiness of others, and do not resent their good fortune.

• Impartiality: Treat everyone equally, and do not use others for personal gain or to win approval.

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The Major Philosophy of BuddhismThe Major Philosophy of BuddhismThe Major Philosophy of BuddhismThe Major Philosophy of Buddhism

• Buddhism states that existence is a continuing cycle of death and rebirth called reincarnation.

• Each person's position in life is determined by his or her behavior in the previous life. This is known as their "karma" (also a Hindu belief).

• Buddhism states that existence is a continuing cycle of death and rebirth called reincarnation.

• Each person's position in life is determined by his or her behavior in the previous life. This is known as their "karma" (also a Hindu belief).

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Buddhism Buddhism Buddhism Buddhism

• Buddhism is the one of the world's oldest universal religions and it is the second fastest growing religion.    

• Buddhism is the one of the world's oldest universal religions and it is the second fastest growing religion.    

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IslamIslamIslamIslam

• ISLAM is the name given to the religion preached by the prophet Muhammad in the 600s A. D.

• Islam began in Saudi Arabia, in the Middle East

• It has about 850 million followers, most of them in the region north and east of the Mediterranean Sea.

• ISLAM is the name given to the religion preached by the prophet Muhammad in the 600s A. D.

• Islam began in Saudi Arabia, in the Middle East

• It has about 850 million followers, most of them in the region north and east of the Mediterranean Sea.

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IslamIslamIslamIslam

• The holy book of Islam is the "Koran." Muslims believe its words to be those of Allah himself, spoken to Muhammad by an angel.

• Allah, is the Islamic God.• People who believe these ideas are

called Muslims.

• The holy book of Islam is the "Koran." Muslims believe its words to be those of Allah himself, spoken to Muhammad by an angel.

• Allah, is the Islamic God.• People who believe these ideas are

called Muslims.

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Islamic PhilosophyIslamic PhilosophyIslamic PhilosophyIslamic Philosophy

• Muslims learn that life on earth is a period of testing and preparation for the life to come.

• Angels record good and bad deeds.• People should behave themselves and help

others, trusting in Allah's justice and mercy for their reward.

• Muslims learn that life on earth is a period of testing and preparation for the life to come.

• Angels record good and bad deeds.• People should behave themselves and help

others, trusting in Allah's justice and mercy for their reward.

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IslamIslamIslamIslam

• Muslims pray five times daily in their mosques (churches).

• While praying, they face the holy city of Mecca (in Saudi-Arabia) and sometimes kneel with faces to the ground.

• All Muslims are required to make a pilgrimage (trip to a sacred place) to Mecca at least once in their lifetime.

• Muslims pray five times daily in their mosques (churches).

• While praying, they face the holy city of Mecca (in Saudi-Arabia) and sometimes kneel with faces to the ground.

• All Muslims are required to make a pilgrimage (trip to a sacred place) to Mecca at least once in their lifetime.

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HinduismHinduismHinduismHinduism

• HINDUISM is one of the world's oldest religions.• Over 2/3's of the world's Hindus live in India; large numbers reside in

Africa also. • Hindus believe in many gods, numbering into the thousands. They

recognize one supreme spirit called Brahman ("the Absolute.")

• HINDUISM is one of the world's oldest religions.• Over 2/3's of the world's Hindus live in India; large numbers reside in

Africa also. • Hindus believe in many gods, numbering into the thousands. They

recognize one supreme spirit called Brahman ("the Absolute.")

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Hindu PhilosophyHindu PhilosophyHindu PhilosophyHindu Philosophy

• Hindus believe in many gods, numbering into the thousands. • They recognize one supreme spirit called Brahman (the Absolute).• The goal of Hindus is to someday join with Brahman. • Until that union takes place, believers are in a continuous process

of rebirth called "reincarnation."

• Hindus believe in many gods, numbering into the thousands. • They recognize one supreme spirit called Brahman (the Absolute).• The goal of Hindus is to someday join with Brahman. • Until that union takes place, believers are in a continuous process

of rebirth called "reincarnation."

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Ganesha, Shiva, and Vishnu Ganesha, Shiva, and Vishnu Ganesha, Shiva, and Vishnu Ganesha, Shiva, and Vishnu

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• Son of Shiva and Parvati• Human body and an

elephant’s head with only one short tusk

• Worshipped as the remover of all obstacles

• Milk Miracle – Sept. 25, 1995

• Son of Shiva and Parvati• Human body and an

elephant’s head with only one short tusk

• Worshipped as the remover of all obstacles

• Milk Miracle – Sept. 25, 1995

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Vishnu has many AVATARS

(incarnations)who appear on earth as

humans or animals to conquer evil and

establish righteousness

7th- Rama8th- Krishna

9th- Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)

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Hindu PhilosophyHindu PhilosophyHindu PhilosophyHindu Philosophy

• At death, the Hindu's deeds (karma) determine what the next life will be.• Followers work to break this cycle--birth, death, re-birth-- (referred to by

writers as the "Wheel of Life") and gain release. • The Hindu's soul then merges with Brahman in a condition of spiritual

perfection (moksha).

• At death, the Hindu's deeds (karma) determine what the next life will be.• Followers work to break this cycle--birth, death, re-birth-- (referred to by

writers as the "Wheel of Life") and gain release. • The Hindu's soul then merges with Brahman in a condition of spiritual

perfection (moksha).

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HinduismHinduismHinduismHinduism

• Hinduism has many sacred books, the oldest being a series called the "Vedas.“

• Traditional Hindu society was divided into groups of four classes (or varnas). This was known as the "caste system."

• Hinduism has many sacred books, the oldest being a series called the "Vedas.“

• Traditional Hindu society was divided into groups of four classes (or varnas). This was known as the "caste system."

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Caste or Caste SystemCaste or Caste SystemCaste or Caste SystemCaste or Caste System

• An inherited social system of ranking used in India and some Asian cultures. IN India they include:

• Brahmins (teachers, scholars and priests), Kshatriyas (kings and warriors)

• Vaishyas (agriculturists and traders), • Shudras (artisans, service providers, laborers).• Untouchables considered impure/unclean

• An inherited social system of ranking used in India and some Asian cultures. IN India they include:

• Brahmins (teachers, scholars and priests), Kshatriyas (kings and warriors)

• Vaishyas (agriculturists and traders), • Shudras (artisans, service providers, laborers).• Untouchables considered impure/unclean

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• 4 Paths to Salvation

• 4 Stages of Life

• 4 Goals of Life • Caste System• Puja• Upanayana

• 4 Paths to Salvation

• 4 Stages of Life

• 4 Goals of Life • Caste System• Puja• Upanayana

• Vegetarianism “holy cow”

• Arranged Marriages

• Diwali – Festival of Lights

• Ahimsa – non-violence

• Yoga – philosophy and exercise together – very spiritual

• Vegetarianism “holy cow”

• Arranged Marriages

• Diwali – Festival of Lights

• Ahimsa – non-violence

• Yoga – philosophy and exercise together – very spiritual

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• Best known Hindu in world• Fought to end

discrimination against Indians in South Africa

• Tolerant of all religions• Religious ideals on duty,

truth, non-violence (ahimsa) and spiritual liberation (moksha)

• Negotiated independence of India in 1947

• Opposed social injustice of Hindu society (ie. untouchables)

• Assassinated in 1948

• Best known Hindu in world• Fought to end

discrimination against Indians in South Africa

• Tolerant of all religions• Religious ideals on duty,

truth, non-violence (ahimsa) and spiritual liberation (moksha)

• Negotiated independence of India in 1947

• Opposed social injustice of Hindu society (ie. untouchables)

• Assassinated in 1948

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JudaismJudaismJudaismJudaism

• JUDAISM is a religion of just one people: the Jews.

• JUDAISM was the first to teach belief in only one God. Two other important religions developed from Judaism: Christianity and Islam.

• JUDAISM is a religion of just one people: the Jews.

• JUDAISM was the first to teach belief in only one God. Two other important religions developed from Judaism: Christianity and Islam.

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JudaismJudaismJudaismJudaism

• Jews think that God will send a Messiah (a deliverer) to unite them and lead them in His way.

• Christians believe that Jesus was the Messiah. The Jewish people do not agree; they anticipate His arrival in the future.

• Judaism teaches that death is not the end and that there is a world to come.

• Jews think that God will send a Messiah (a deliverer) to unite them and lead them in His way.

• Christians believe that Jesus was the Messiah. The Jewish people do not agree; they anticipate His arrival in the future.

• Judaism teaches that death is not the end and that there is a world to come.

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JudaismJudaismJudaismJudaism

• The "Torah," the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, is the most important Jewish scripture.

• It contains the basic laws of Judaism.

• Another important book is the "Talmud," serving primarily as a guide to the civil and religious laws of Judaism.

• The "Torah," the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, is the most important Jewish scripture.

• It contains the basic laws of Judaism.

• Another important book is the "Talmud," serving primarily as a guide to the civil and religious laws of Judaism.

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Historical OverviewHistorical OverviewHistorical OverviewHistorical Overview• Ancient Israel is part of the

history of the 3 great monotheistic religions of the world: Judaism, Christianity and Islam

• Ancient Israel dates back approximately 4000 years to the books of the Old Testament

• Great patriarchs of Judaism: Abraham, Jacob, Moses, Joshua

• Hebrews, Israelites, Jews, Semites: have all undergone persecution throughout history; from Babylonian Captivity, Exodus, Diaspora, Spanish Inquisition, Holocaust

• Ancient Israel is part of the history of the 3 great monotheistic religions of the world: Judaism, Christianity and Islam

• Ancient Israel dates back approximately 4000 years to the books of the Old Testament

• Great patriarchs of Judaism: Abraham, Jacob, Moses, Joshua

• Hebrews, Israelites, Jews, Semites: have all undergone persecution throughout history; from Babylonian Captivity, Exodus, Diaspora, Spanish Inquisition, Holocaust

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JudaismJudaismJudaismJudaism

• The Jewish house of worship is called a synagogue.

• Rabbis (spiritual leaders) conduct services, act as interpreters of Jewish laws, and deliver sermons.

• Today there are over 18 million followers of Judaism scattered throughout the world. A large number of those people live in the Jewish nation of Israel. Over six million live in the United States.

• The Jewish house of worship is called a synagogue.

• Rabbis (spiritual leaders) conduct services, act as interpreters of Jewish laws, and deliver sermons.

• Today there are over 18 million followers of Judaism scattered throughout the world. A large number of those people live in the Jewish nation of Israel. Over six million live in the United States.

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Jewish PhilosophyJewish PhilosophyJewish PhilosophyJewish Philosophy

• God is one and unique• God is the creator • God is transcendent • God is immanent. • God is lawgiver • God is personal • We have the obligation to worship• The Torah is God's law • God is judge • The Messiah will come.

• God is one and unique• God is the creator • God is transcendent • God is immanent. • God is lawgiver • God is personal • We have the obligation to worship• The Torah is God's law • God is judge • The Messiah will come.

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How much have you learned?How much have you learned?How much have you learned?How much have you learned?

• Let’s take a • Let’s take a

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