The five kingdoms of The five kingdoms of organismsorganisms

• Prokaryotes• Protoctists• Fungi • Plants• animals

ProkaryotesProkaryotes

• Prokaryotes include bacteria and blue-greeb algae (also known as cyanobacteria)

• They are very tiny and can only be seen with the high power of a light microscope.

Prokaryotes characteristicsProkaryotes characteristics

• They consist of a single cellsingle cell but do not not have any true nucleustrue nucleus ,mitochondia or chloroplasts.

• They exist in air,water,soil or inside other organisms.

ExampleExample

• Some of them cause diseases.

• E.G.Cholera , meningitis and tetanus .

• bacteria

ProtoctistProtoctist

• Protoctists are usually tiny and can be seen with the low powder of a light microscope.

• ProtoctistProtoctist

Protoctists characteristicsProtoctists characteristics

• Most of them consist of a single cellsingle cell with a true nucleus but some are multicellumulticellularlar.

• Some are plant-like plant-like and some are animal-likanimal-likee.

ExampleExample

• Examples include Amoeba , Paramecium , trypanosoma ,algae , slime moulds.

• Amoeca

FungiFungi Characteristics• Fungi are made up of a single cell or thread-like

structures called hyphae, which may be interwoven to form mushroom-like structures.

• Like plants, they have cell wall and do not move . But unlike plants , they have no chlorophyll to make their own food and do not have any roots , stems or leaves

• They are usually saprophytic or parastic and live on soil or inside other organisms, especially plants.

ExamplesExamples

• Examples include bread mould , Penicillium, yeast and mushtoom.

• YEAST

Classification of AnimalsClassification of Animals

•Vertebrates

•Invertebrates

VertebratesVertebrates

• Vertebrates are animals with a backbone.

The backbone is a long hard structure running along the back of these animals and is made up of many small bones called vertebre.It is also called a vertebral column.

Vertebrates featuresVertebrates features

• Some of them---

fish :

They bodies are covered by slimy scales.

They have fins for balance and movement.

They bodies are streamlined to aid movement.

They breathe with gills.

featuresfeatures

Amphibians :

They have wet , slimy skins but no scales.

They have four limbs when they are adult.

featuresfeatures

• Reptiles :

• They have skin covered by hard , dry scales.

• They breathe with lungs.

featuresfeatures

• Birds :• They have feathers

on their bodies and dry scales on their legs.

• Most can fly with wings but some cannot.

• They breathe with lungs.

InvertebratesInvertebrates

• Invertebrates are animals without without any backboneany backbone. Most of them are small. The following are some examples of invertebrates.

ExamplesExamples

• jellyfish : it lives in the sea.

• Freshwater flatworm: It lives in ponds and streams.

• Earthworm : It has a tube-like body with segments.

Classification of plantsClassification of plants

•Flowering plants

•Non-flowering plants

Flowering plants

• Flowering plants are divded into momocotyledonous plantsmomocotyledonous plants and dicotyledonous plantsdicotyledonous plants , usually abbreviated to monocots or monocotyledons , and dicots or dicotyledons respectively.

Monocotyledonous plantsMonocotyledonous plants

• They have only one seed leaf in the seeds.

• Their leaves usually have parallel veinsparallel veins.

• They are mostly herbs.

Dicotyledonous plantsDicotyledonous plants

• They have two seed ltwo seed leaveseaves in the seeds.

• Their leaves habe a nnetwork of veinsetwork of veins.

• They can be trees, shrubs and herbs.

Non-flowering plantsNon-flowering plants

• Non-floweringplants are divded into

mosses, ferns and gymnosperms.

mosses

• They are small plants with simple stems and leaves , but no roots.

• They have chorolhyll but no vascular tissue.

Ferns• They are small pla

nts with true roots ,true roots , stems and leaves. stems and leaves.

• They have large leaves called fronds . The leaflets on either sides are called the pinnae.

gymnosperms

• They are large plants with roots , stems, leaves and vascular tissue.

• Most of them have needle-shaped leaves.