CHAPTER 17

THE FIRST PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC

& the FILIPINO-AMERICAN WAR

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FIRST PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC

FIRST INDEPENDENT REPUBLIC in Asia by Asians

Born during a war for independence.

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85FILIPINOS MET IN A REVOLUTIONARY

CONGRESS(September 15,

1898)

BARASOAIN CHURCH@ MALOLOS, BULACAN

Pedro Paterno President of the

MALOLOS CONGRESS

MALOLOSCONGRESS &

CONSTITUTION

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CONSTITUTIONBasic law of the

Government

MALOLOSCONGRESS

Approved the independence of the Philippines.

Started the making of a new constitution.

MALOLOS CONSTITUTION The constitution of

the First Philippine Republic.

Written in Malolos, Bulacan.

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THE MALOLOS

CONSTITUTIONBasic law of the

Government Its real author was Felipe Calderon (famous Filipino lawyer).

Approved by the Malolos Congress on November 29, 1898.

Proclaimed by Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo on January 1899.

FELIPE CALDERON © Jamaica C. Olazo

THE FIRST PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC

INAGURATION

“Great is the day, glorious this date,

and forever memorable this moment

in which our beloved people are raised

to the joy of independence.”- Emilio Aguinaldo

(President of the First Republic)

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FELIPE AGONCILLO

- the official newspaper of the government.

- an independent newspaper ran by General Antonio Luna and other Filipinos.

the first Filipino diplomat sent to Paris and Washington to work for recognition of Philippine Independence.

Other diplomats in Japan, France, England and Australia. © Jamaica C. Olazo

AMERICANS Started the

war© Jamaica C. Olazo

Americans pretended that the Filipinos had brutally attacked them.

February 4, 1899at 8pm, an American sharpshooter, Private William W. Grayson of First Nebraska Volunteers, shot and killed a Filipino soldier crossing the San Juan Bridge.

February 6, 1899the American Senate passed the Treaty of Paris, making the Philippines a colony of the United States. It was approved by only one vote majority.

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ParisTreaty of

Under Article III of the Treaty of Paris of 1898

Did you KNOW?

The US paid Spain the amount of twenty million dollars ($20,000,000.00)

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THE FILIPINO-AMERICAN WAR

It was the second fight for independence by

the Filipinos.

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March 31, 1899The Americans captured Malolos, which was then the Capital of the First Philippine Republic.

February 5, 1899Generals Aniceto Lacson and Juan Araneta organized the “Republic of Negros”.

February 5, 1899The American navy bombarded the Filipino positions in Manila

December 19, 1899General Henry C. Lawton was killed by the Filipino troops during the Battle in San Mateo, Rizal.

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THE FILIPINO-AMERICAN WAR

The conqueror of the American-Indian chief Geronimo.o He was conquered by the

Filipino “Geronimo” General Licerio Geronimo and his men.

Major General Henry Lawton

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GUERILLA WARFARE

Filipinos VS Americans

fought with old rifles and guns, bamboo spears

fought with cannons, machine guns, automatic

rifles, and plenty of ammunition and supplies

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AGUINALDO’S GUERILLA WARFARE IN 1899

was EARLIER than Mao Zedong’s Chinese guerillas in the 1940s and Ho Chi Minh’s Vietnamese

guerillas in the 1970s.

MAO ZEDONG1893 -1976

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FILIPINOS LOSE THE WAR

APOLINARIO MABINI

ANTONIO LUNA

Defended the Tirad Pass

GREGORIO DEL PILAR

killed by Aguinaldo’s bodyguards on June 5, 1899

Aguinaldo’s prime minister who was arrested and deported to Guam.

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LIST OF FILIPINO GENERALS OF THE

WARLuzon – Antonio Luna, Paciano Rizal, Pantaleon Garcia, and Artemio RicarteCentral Luzon – Tomas Mascardo, Maximo Hizon, and Sevillano AquinoBatangas – Miguel Malvar, foungt until April 16, 1902.Laguna – Juan CaillasCavite – Mariano FriasIloilo – Martin Delgado, Teresa and Magbanua brothersBicol – Vito Belarmino and Jose PapuaSamar – Vicente LucbanSimeon Ola – the last Filipino General to surrender to the Americans.

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CAPTUREof the First President Emilio Aguinaldo

Cordillera Mountains – the place where Aguinaldo and his staff fled.

Palanan, Isabela – the place of his headquarters which was unknown to the Americans.

AMERICAN EXPEDITION- Consists of 5 American officers and 85 Filipinos (who

were on the side of the Americans).- The Americans pretended to be prisoners of war of the

Filipinos so that they could enter the secret camp on March 23, 1901.

- As soon as they entered the camp, they attacked the guards and captured Aguinaldo.

- Aguinaldo was taken to Manila.- He was greeted by General Arthur McArthur, the

American military governor, at Malacanang Palace.- On April 19, 1901, Aguinaldo took the oath of

Allegiance to the United States.© Jamaica C. Olazo

HISTORICAL VALUESFilipinos should be proud that the first independent republic in Asia by Asians was established by Aguinaldo in the Philippines from 1989 to 1901.

Filipinos are brave and sturdy people who will fight for their rights and independence, even if they lose.

Filipinos lost the Filipino-American war because they were not united and they had inferior weapons.

Like all wars, the Filipino-American war was very bloody and expensive.

• The Americans sent 126,248 troops, of whom 4,234 died.

• They have spent a vast sum of $16,000.

• 200,000 civilian died of starvation and/or diseases.

• Property worth of billions of pesos was damaged.

We should remember and honor president Aguinaldo and other heroes of this era because they fought with courage and honor. These veterans of the revolution were the real founding father of our independence.

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THANK YOU!

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