the fifth force - how nasa builds teams
DESCRIPTION
this is an introduction to the 4D process of team building that is described in the book "How NASA Builds Teams" My version ofTRANSCRIPT
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THE FIFTH FORCEThe UNDENIABLE power of…
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4 FORCES OF NATURE
GRAVITY STRONG NUCLEAR
WEAK NUCLEAR
ELECTRO-
MAGNETIC
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THE 5TH FORCE
SOCIALCONEXT
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IGNORE THE 5TH FORCE
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SOME IMAGES ARE UNFORGETABLE
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WHAT CAUSED THE CHALLENGER DISASTER?
ROGER’S COMISSION:“O”-rings become less resilient
when they get cold
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WHAT ALLOWED THE CHALLENGER DISASTER?
“Normalization of Deviance”Dianne Vaughn
Toxic relationshipsContinual political pressure
Delay now impacts everything
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Hubble Space Telescope…oops
$2Billion budget over run AND the mirror was ground wrong
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WHY DID KOREAN AIRLINERS CRASH 17x OTHER AIRLINES?
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MANAGE THE 5TH FORCE
Enhance Performance Lower Risk Develop Leaders
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WHAT IS THE 5TH FORCE?
Diane Vaughan (Challenger), “It is unfortunate…that these forces are invisible and unacknowledged.”
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Context Drives Behavior Would you modify your behaviors in each of these contexts:
Giving / receiving a marriage proposal?
Fiancé's family dinner?
Bachelor / bachelorette party?
Hijacked on honeymoon?
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Detecting Social Context
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Measuring Social Context
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Which Behaviors to Measure? Intuited
Emotional Logical
Sensed
Deciding
Information
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VisioningWe all need
hopeful futures
CultivatingWe all need
to feel appreciated
DirectingWe all need the ability to succeed
IncludingWe all need to feel that we belong
The Four “Dimensions” ≡ Human Needs Intuited
Emotional Logical
Sensed
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Universal human needs underlie every 4–D process. 4–D dashboards are operating in 75 countries.
London France Malaysia SOEs-China
4D IS GLOBALLY APPLICABLE
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Making the invisible…Visible
Bottom Ave. Top >
Ave.<
Ave.
Explosions, failures, crashes Success, profits, performance
300 Team Baseline
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Average Performance Enhancement
BottomQuintile
< Ave.Quintile
AverageQuintile
> Ave.Quintile
TopQuintile
53% 66% 70% 75%
66% 71% 76% 80%
72% 75% 79% 83%
77% 81%
84% 90%
All 198 teams with multiple assessments (2008)~4% Enhancement / TDA cycle
+7%/TDA
+5%/TDA
+4%/TDA
+2%/TDA
+2%/TDA
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How Team Development Assessments Work
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ON–LINE SEGMENT
Behavioral Norms
Rationale for Your Choices
Why Each Behavior Matters
Numerical Scores
The“Standard”(Criterion)
CaseStudies
What “good”Looks like
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TDA Report – Team Self-Development
Team Leaders discuss report with members and direct three actions: 1. Schedule re-assessment2. Decide workshop or modules3. Identify behavior-specific actions
Responsible Action Due
Smith, John Develop andImplement our Appreciation Enhancement
System
6/28/2012
Bottom Ave. Top >
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57%
68%
72%
81%
6/07
9/07
4/08
6/09
Real “ABC” Team DataIndividual’s Perceptions
Relatively low scoring behaviors are candidates for action items
Addressing Shared Interests Being Outcome Committed
Appropriately Including Others
Keeping All Agreements
Resisting Blaming or Complaining
Clarifying Roles, Accountability and Authority
Most Recent Previous Assessment Current Assessment
Expressing Authentic Appreciation Expressing Reality -based Optimism
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Case Studies
Fifth Force #5 – Case Studies
STEREOP. 54 Avionics
SystemsDivision
HNBTP. xix
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You (+ charge)
1. Context-shifting Restored Profit
My customer relationship is broken
Charlie, I am in real trouble
We need a 4-D Workshop, but they won’t attend
## - This isn’t about changing them
Rather, you changing you!
Them (+ charge)
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You Them
Context-shifting Restored Profit
Charlie, I am in real trouble
My customer relationship is broken
We need a 4-D Workshop, but they won’t attend
## - This isn’t about changing them
Rather, you changing you!
Change yourself from a “proton” to a “neutron”
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Bottom Ave. Top >
Ave.<
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Bottom Ave. Top >
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Context-shifting Restored Profit
1. Team Development (Assessment), as always
2. Three-day Workshop (~24 participants)
Good to Go
Shift Story-linesManage Emotions
Express Appreciation
Shared Interests
3. CSW & Re-Team Development (Assessment)
What you can Authentically Appreciateabout the other party, or your mutual (difficult) Situation?
Which Emotions (and group) are you experiencing?
What Shared Interests can youidentify by asking, “What do they
want that I can want for them also?”
Reaching broadly, whom (person or organization) should you Include to
garner support and avoid stimulating anger.
What explicit or implicit Agreementshave you broken that could affect others’
perception of your trustworthiness?
What Unpleasant Reality must youacknowledge and what Optimistic
Outcomecan you now imagine realizing?
How Committed are you to realizing your Outcome– if less than 100%,how can you enhance your commitment?
How can you reduce Victims’ helplessness;Rescuers’ weariness, Rationalizers’ anxiety, or Blamers’ (deadly) anger?
Have you clarified and communicated your Roles, Accountability, and
Authority to all involved?
What Green Story–linessupport behaviorsthat take you to your Outcome? (Response–able)
What Red Story–lines support behaviorsthat take you away from Outcome? (Blamer, Victim)
What Outcome are you 100% Committed to realizing? (Think expansively)
What Situation do you want to resolve – involving people, performance, competition, etc.?
Actions & 4–D Requestsyou will now take/make and are these sufficient?
Which Emotions (and group) must you now express?
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Context-shifting Restored Profit
Bottom Ave. Top >
Ave.<
Ave.
Then, recurrent TDAs sustained performance & profit for years
Takeaways: Aligned 4-D Processes (Assessments, Workshop & CSW) restored profit and saved the Program Manager’s job.
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2. Context-shifting Saved Project
Charlie, “Stereo” is in real trouble
Conflict across the two implementing organizations
HQ is threating cancellation of this $500M Project
1. Team Development (Assessments) for each org.
Bottom Ave. Top >
Ave.<
Ave. Bottom Ave. Top >
Ave.<
Ave.
NASA/Goddard JHU/APL
“Sins” = Inexperienced Leadership; Broken RAAs;…
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Context-shifting Saved Project
2. Three-day Workshop (~12 leaders each side)
Shift Story-linesManage Emotions
Express Appreciation
Shared Interests
+ 0.5 years+ 1.0 years+ 1.5 years+ 2.0 years+ 2.5 years+ 3.0 years+ 3.5 years (and beyond)
Bottom Ave. Top >
Ave.<
Ave.Bottom Ave. Top >
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JHU/APLNASA/Goddard
3. Dual Team Development (Assessments) every ~6 months
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Context-shifting Saved Project
The Stereo Project Manager: “We went from being the butt of ugly jokes to being a model of managerial excellence thanks to the 4-D System.”
The Stereo Deputy Project Manager: “It was amazing, to watch our performance, and our customer’s perspective, track right along with our 4-D assessment scores.”
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3. Avionics for the Moon Program
About 150 people organized into 10 teams
We must perform to save the program
TopLeaders (2)
8 People 16 People
18 People 13 People 9 People 14 People
11 People 15 People 13 People 16 People
1. Formed a “Leadership Team”
Top leaders plus the leaders of all the sub-teams
They understood that people mimic their leaders’ behaviors
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Context-shifting Moon Avionics
Shift Story-linesManage Emotions
Express Appreciation
Shared Interests
- Leadership team shared all their TDA Results
- All shared TDA actions - Many were the same
2. TDAs for “lead” & 10 working teams
~24 Person “Leadership Team” Bottom Ave. Top
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. . .
. . .
10 TeamsAll ‘teams” Scored in lower quintiles
They met every 6 months to discuss issues and TDA results/actions
3. Three-day “leadership team”Workshop
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Context-shifting Moon Avionics
All team scores (like Stereo) moved up together.
After two- years, all teams were in the top-quintile.
Years later, they continue periodic TDAs to maintain top-quintile performance.
~24 Person “Leadership Team” Bottom Ave. Top
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. . .
.
10 Teams
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Fifth Force #6 – Common Assessment Mistakes
Common TDA Structural Errors
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Top Leaders (2)
8 People 16 People
Mistake – TDA Crosses Multiple Teams
Mixed Results No Action Focus Blaming Others?
A single Multi-team TDA
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Top Leaders (2)
8 People 16 People
The Best Method – Three TDAs
Segregated Results Action Focus No Blaming
TDAs for each Team
TDA for pseudo “leadership team”
Bottom Ave. Top >
Ave.<
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Bottom Ave. Top >
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Mistake – TDAs
“I want a TDA to improve teamwork.”
“New 4-D provider set’s up and briefs TDA report.”
They were not a “team; they were geographically diverse entrepreneurs w/ little contact
Instead, (coordinated) IDAs for all
Invite all knowledgeable colleagues to participate
All share resulting ideas/actions
Share their benchmarks with trusted others
Better – IDAs
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How to Proceed?
With your team members’ e-mail addresses in the dashboard, we launch your TDA
Educate
Bottom Ave. Top >
Ave.<
Ave.
Benchmark
?
Boost
~15 Minutes on-line
~90 Minutes to process the TDA Report
Fifth Force #7 – Closure
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Closure
Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world.Indeed, it’s the only thing that ever has.
– Margaret Mead, Anthropologist
Visit www.NASATeambuilding.com for resources
System4-D