The field of science in which biology, computer science, and information technology merge into a single discipline. NCBI, Aug 2001

BIOINFORMATICS

BIOLOGY

COMPUTERSCIENCE

INFORMATIONTECHNOLOGY

Bioinformatics – a Definition

Biology in the 21st century is being transformed from a purely lab-based science to an information science as well.

Bioinformatics is the field of science in which biology, computer science, and information technology merge to form a single discipline.

www.genomics.org.cn:8080/bgi/bgilt/ images/bioinformatics.jp

Computer Programming 50 yrs ago DNA & Protein Structure

Personal Computers/ Internet 20 yrs ago PCR

w.w.w. Last 10 yrs Human Genome Project

All fields use computers Now Global Biological (art, law, communication) Research

Growth of Bioinformatics

Human Genome Program, U.S. Department of Energy, Genomics and Its Impact on Medicine and Society: A 2001 Primer, 2001

Gene a b c d e

Art by Yelena Ponirovskaya

…ATGGCCCTGTGGATGCGCCTCCTGCCCCTG…..

DNA base sequence recipe for amino acids

Met: Ala: Leu: Trp: Met: Arg: Leu: Leu: Pro: Leu: Amino acid sequence = protein = trait

Data mining requires a testable hypothesis generated with regard to the function or structure of a gene or protein by identifying similar sequences in better characterized organisms.

To help in uncovering phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary patterns.

www.tigr.org

Why use Bioinformatics?

ATGCATTTCGGTTTACGCCATATAGCTCGGGAATCATGCATCGATCGAGTAGCTAGCTAG

PNSADADNDFEDRLRAGLCDHDKEVQGLQVRCAVUEEHMHKKQQEFENIRLDAQRLEFFAYIFQKEHMKR

DNA ProteinModel organisms

TGT AAT AGT TAT ATT TTCATT ATA AAT TGT GTT TGT AGA CAT CAT AAA TTT AAAACA TGG CTT TTT AAC CTGATA AAT CCT ACG AAT ATTTGT AAT AGT TAT GTT ATTGCA GTA AGT ACC GTT TGT ATT ATA AAT TGT GTT CTG

TGT AAT AGT TAT ATT TTCATT ATA AAT TGT GTT TGT AGA CAT CAT AAA TTT AAAACA TGG CTT TTT AAC CTGATA AAT CCT ACG AAT ATTTGT AAT AGT TAT GTT ATTGCA GTA AGT ACC GTT TGT ATT ATA AAT TGT GTT CTG

What is Bioinformatics?

Which genes are turned off then on ?Courtesy of Dr. Young Moo Lee UC Davis

What’s in a name?

SequenceAnalysis

DatabaseHomologySearching

MultipleSequence

Alignment

HomologyModelingDocking

ProteinAnalysis

Proteomics

3DModeling

SampleRegistration &

TrackingIntegrated

DataRepositories

CommonVisual

Interfaces

IntellectualPropertyAuditing

Bio Informatics

GenomeMapping

Illustration from SWBIC's Bioinformatics: Molecular Biology and Computational Science workshop held October 21-23, 1999. http://www.swbic.org

Set of tools for all areas of science

Genetic Blueprints

Human Genome Project

DNA Sequencing

DNA Fingerprinting

DNA Protein interaction

What is Bioinformatics? N. M. Luscombe, et al. Yale University Method Inform Med 4/2001

Fictitious Biotechnology Company

Onconomics Corporationhttp://www.bscs.org/onco/default.htm

Sequencing ProjectsExternal LinksGlossary

From nonprofit BSCS Biological Sciences Curriculum Study

Onconomics Corporation

Onconomics Corporation

Employment Opportunities at Onconomics Corporation

Bioinformatics Technician – responsible for creation and use of software for the display and manipulation of data for genome sequencing projects. Position requires a Bachelor’s degree in molecular biology and experience with PERL and Java programming languages. Salary to $45,000 with excellent benefits.

Bioinformatics Analyst – responsible for supporting the company’s gene indices of sequencing projects. Position requires a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in the biological sciences. Familiarity with SQL language, Unix, PERL and programming tools preferred. Salary to $55,000 with excellent benefits.

Bioinformatics Scientist – responsible for creating and applying new software for the development of new drugs. Requires a Ph.D. in molecular biology or related field, as well as an advanced degree in Information Technology. Salary to $100,000 with excellent benefits

Sample ElectropherogramsNormal Sequence:   

                                       Heterozygous Base:        

                                  Unreadable Region:

                                        

Onconomics Corporation

Visualization in Science

NCBI Problem Setshttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Class/FieldGuide/problem_set.html

The last known Tasmanian tiger died in the Hobart Zoo in 1936.

DNA sequences have been obtained from museum specimens.

How many DNA and protein sequences are there? What genes were cloned?

There are a number of sequences for extinct organisms in the NCBI

databases. Visit the list of extinct taxa in the Taxonomy Browser pages.

http://www.swbic.org/products/clipart/clipart.php