the expedition to borneo of h.m.s. dido

8/10/2019 The Expedition to Borneo of H.M.S. Dido

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The Expedition to Borneoof H.M.S. Dido, by

Henry Keppel and James Brooke This eBook is for the useof anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost norestrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or

re-use it under the terms of the ro!ect "uten#erg$icense included with this eBook or online atwww.guten#erg.org

Title% The &'pedition to Borneo of H.(.). *ido +or the)uppression of iracy

uthor% Henry Keppel James Brooke

elease *ate% cto#er /, 0112 3&Book 4005167

$anguage% &nglish

8haracter set encoding% 9)-::;5-B$9)H&),

:0 8$9++ )T&&T.


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the dedication of a #ook in testimony of my gratitudeand aectionI #ut, having had the good fortune toacuire the friendship of (r. James Brooke, and to #eintrusted #y him with a narrative of his e'traordinary

career in that part of the world where the services of theship 9 commanded were reuired, 9 am not without ahope that the accompanying pages may #e foundworthy of your approval, and not altogetheruninteresting to my country.

9 am, my dear father,

Your aectionate son,

Henry Keppel.

*ro'ford, January,


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concerned, in order to overcome the scruples which heentertained against #eing the author of theauto#iographical sketch, em#racing so singular a portionof his life, which 9 have e'tracted from the rough notes

conLded to me.

That his diMdence in this respect was groundless will, 9trust, #e apparent from these pages, howeverindierently 9 may have e'ecuted my unusual task,during a long homeward sea-voyageI and, from thegrowing interest which has arisen throughout thecountry for intelligence on the su#!ect of Borneo and thead!acent archipelago, 9 venture also to indulge the #elief

that the general information will #e deemed no unLtad!unct to the story of personal adventure.

*N&T9)&(&?T T TH& )&8?* &*9T9?.

The te't of this edition has #een carefully revised, andhas undergone numerous ver#al alterationsI someportions of it have #een transposed, and a few additionshave #een made to the work. 39n the merican edition, afew pages of matter, of no interest to merican readers,have #een omitted from the ppendi'.7

8?T&?T).

CHAPTER I.

The 8hinese Dar having terminated, 8aptain Keppel inH.(.). *ido appointed to command of the )traitsstation.--(eeting with (r. Brooke.--)ketch of his life.--(r.Brookes outward voyage in the oyalist.--Touch at)ingapore.--rrival o the coast of Borneo.--$and at the


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island of Talang Talang.--9ntercourse with the BandarPagentil this impression is made, wehardly know why we have #een sailing onward for four

months past, so uiet and unvarying is the daily tenor ofa life a#oard ship.

R1st June, Singapore.--n reaching )ingapore 9 was mosthospita#ly received #y the kind inha#itants, and took upmy a#ode with (r. )cott. The uiet and repose of mypresent life, the gentle ride in the cool of the morning


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and evening drive after an early dinner, are alreadyrestoring my shattered strength, and 9 trust soon to #eena#led to prosecute my farther undertaking. 9n themean time the oyalist is undergoing a reLt after her

passage, and, like her owner, is daily improving in goodlooks.

R9 could say much of )ingapore, for it is the pivot of theli#eral system in the rchipelago, and owes its prosperityto the enlightened measures of )ir )tamford aSes. Thesituation is happily chosen, the climate healthy, thecommerce unshackled, and ta'ation lightI and theseadvantages have attracted the vessels of all the

neigh#oring nations to #ring their produce to this marketin order to e'change it for the manufactures of &ngland.

RThe e'tent of the island is a#out 02 miles #y


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taking a running sketch of the coast from Tan!ong pi, toenter the river of that name, and proceed as far as thetown.

R9 #elieve 9 have availed myself of every means withinmy reach to render my visit agreea#le to the ra!ah. 9carry with me many presents which are reported to #e tohis likingI gaudy silks of )urat, scarlet cloth, stampedvelvet, gunpowder, Fc., #eside a large uantity ofconfectionery and sweets, such as preserved ginger,!ams, dates, syrups, and to wind up all, a huge #o' of8hina toys for his children 9 have likewise taken coarsenankeen to the amount of


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&ight stout men of the urang $aut, or men of the sea(alaysC, have #een added to the force. They are anathletic race, cheerful and willingI and though notseaman in our sense of the term, yet well calculated for

this e'pedition. They pull a good oar, and are invalua#lein saving the &uropeans the e'posure conseuent towooding and watering. They possess, likewise, theknowledge of the !ungle and its resources, and two ofthem have #efore #een to )arawak and along the coast.Beside these, a young gentleman named Dilliamsonaccompanies me as interpreterI and 9 have fortunatelymet with a medical gentleman, (r. Destermann, a *ane,who is surgeon for this voyage, (r. Dilliams having left

me at )ingapore. Dith these arrangements 9 look withoutapprehension to the power of the (alaysI and withoutrela'ing in measures of the strictest vigilance, 9 shallnever sleep less soundly when it comes to my turn so todo.

RAugust 1st.--9 am, then, at length, anchored o thecoast of Borneo not under very pleasant circumstances,for the night is pitchy dark, with thunder, lightning, rain,

and sualls of wind.

R2.--)ually #ad night. This morning, the cloudsclearing away, was delightful, and oered for our viewthe ma!estic scenery of Borneo. t nine got under weigh,and ran in on an east-#y-south course G


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RThe coast, unknown, and represented to a#ound inshoals and reefs, is the har#or for pirates of everydescription. Here, every mans hand is raised against his#rother manI and here sometimes the climate wars upon

the e'cita#le &uropean, and lays many a white face andgallant heart low on the distant strand.

R!.--Beating #etween oints pi and *atu. The #ay, asfar as we have seen, is free from dangerI the #each islined #y a feathery row of #eautiful casuarinas, and#ehind is a tangled !ungle, without Lne tim#erI game isplentiful, from the traces we saw on the sandI hogs ingreat num#ers, troops of monkeys, and the print of an

animal with cleft hoofs, either a large deer, tapir, or cow.De saw no game save a tri#e of monkeys, one of which,a female, 9 shot, and another uite young, which wemanaged to capture alive. The captive, though theyoung of the #lack monkey, is grayish, with thee'ception of his e'tremities, and a stripe of #lack downhis #ack and tail. Though very young, he has alreadytaken food, and we have some hope of preserving hislife.

RDe witnessed, at the same time, an e'traordinary andfatal leap made #y one of these monkeys. larmed #your approach, he sprang from the summit of a high treeat the #ranch of one lower, and at some distance. Heleaped short, and came clattering down some si'ty orseventy feet amid the !ungle. De were una#le topenetrate to the spot on account of a deep swamp toascertain his fate.

R rivulet Pows into the sea not far from where welandedI the water is sweet, and of that clear #rown colorso common in 9reland. This coast is evidently the hauntof native prahus, whether piratical or other. rints ofmens feet were numerous and fresh, and traces of huts,


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Lres, and parts of #oats, some of them ornamented aftertheir rude fashion. long pull of Lve miles closed theday.

RSunay, "th.--erformed divine service myself manfullyovercoming that horror which 9 have to the sound of myown voice #efore an audience. 9n the evening landedagain more to the westward. )hore skirted #y rocksItim#er no#le, and the forest clear of #rushwood,ena#ling us to penetrate with ease as far as cautionpermitted. Traces of wild #easts numerous and recent,#ut none discovered. +resh-water streams, colored asyesterday, and the trail of an alligator from one of them

to the sea. This dark forest, where the trees shoot upstraight and tall, and are succeeded #y generation aftergeneration varying in stature, #ut struggling upward,strikes the imagination with pictures trite yet true. Herethe hoary sage of a hundred years lies moldering#eneath your foot, and there the young sapling shoots#eneath the parent shade, and grows in form andfashion like the parent stem. The towering few, withheads raised a#ove the general mass, can scarce #e

seen through the foliage of those #eneathI #ut here andthere the touch of time has cast his withering hand upontheir leafy #row, and decay has #egun his work upon thegigantic and un#ending trunk. How trite and yet howtrue 9t was thus 9 meditated in my walk. The foot of&uropean, 9 said, has never touched where my foot nowpresses--seldom the native wanders here. Here 9 indeed#ehold nature fresh from the #osom of creation,unchanged #y man, and stamped with the same impressshe originally #ore Here 9 #ehold "ods design when Heformed this tropical land, and left its culture andimprovement to the agency of man. The 8reators gift asyet neglected #y the creatureI and yet the time may #econLdently looked for when the a'e shall level the forest,and the plow turn the ground.


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R#th.--(ade sail this morning, and stood in for an islandcalled Talang Talang, anchoring a#out eight milesdistant, and sending a #oat to take correct o#servationsfor a #ase-line.

Rur party found (alays of )arawak on the island, whowere civil to them, and oered to conduct us up to-morrow, if we wanted their assistance. The pirates, #oth9llanuns and *yaks, have #een gone from the #ay #ut afew daysI the former seaward, the latter up the rivers.

R7th.--(orning calm. 9n the afternoon got under weigh,and anchored again near the island of Talang TalangI the

smaller one a conical hill #earing south. The Bandar 307of the place came o in his canoe to make us welcome.He is a young man sent #y a!ah (uda Hassim to collectturtles eggs, which a#ound in this vicinity, especially onthe larger island. The turtles are never molested, for fearof their deserting the spotI and their eggs, to the amountof Lve or si' thousand, are collected every morning andforwarded at intervals to )arawak as articles of food.

Rur visitor was e'tremely polite, and, in common withother siatics, possessed the most pleasing and easymanners. He assured us of a welcome from his ra!ah,and, in their usual phrase, e'pressed himself that thera!ahs heart would dilate in his #osom at the sight of us.His dress consisted of trowsers of green cloth, a darkgreen velvet !acket, and his sarong round his waist,thrown gracefully over two krisses, which he wore at hisgirdle. His attendants were poorly attired, and mostly

unarmed--a proof of conLdence in us, and a desire toassure us of his own friendly intentions. 9 treated himwith sweetmeats and syrup, and of his own accord hetook a glass of sherry, as did his chief attendant. n hisdeparture he was presented with three yards of redcloth, and su#seuently with a little tea and gunpowder.R


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CHAPTER II.

rogress% o#servations.--*escription of the coast ofBorneo.--ccount, Fc. of a angeran.--rrival at

)arawak.--(eetings with a!ah (uda Hassim, andconversations.--The Town.--9nterchange of visits andpresents--&'cursion to *yak tri#es.--esources andcommercial products.

9 esume (r. Brookes Journal, which reuires nointroductory remark.

RAug. 8th.-- cloudy day, preventing us from taking our

wished-for o#servations. 9 made a #oat-e'cursion roundthe two islands. The north one is somewhat the largerIthe southern one, running north and south, consists oftwo hills !oined #y a low and narrow neck of land. Thewater #etween these islands is deep, varying from sevento si' fathomsI #ut #etween the smaller one and themain there are rocks and reefsI and though a passagemay e'ist, it would not #e advisa#le for a vessel to try it.These two small islands possess all the characteristic

#eauties of the clime. +ormed of #rown granite, with aspeck of white sandy #each, and rising into hills coveredwith the no#lest tim#er, wreathed with giganticcreepers. 8ream-colored pigeons Pit from tree to tree,and an eagle or two soared aloft watching their motions.+rigate-#irds are numerousI and several sorts of smaller#irds in the #ush, diMcult to get at. small species ofcrocodile, or alligator, was likewise seen% #ut we werenot fortunate enough to shoot one. The natives, whenasked whether they were alligators, answered in thenegative, calling them crocodiles. The tides appear to #eas irregular as tides usually are in a deep #ay. The riseand fall of the tide is a#out Lfteen feet.

R$th.--fter #reakfast this morning took our sights, and


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at twelve oclock the latitude of the smaller TalangTalang and the ship for a #ase-line. De yesterday tookthe same #ase-line #y sound, Lring alternately threeguns from the vessel and three from the shore.

R1%th.-- suall from the northward #rought in achopping sea in the morning. De were favored with avisit from another native party, #ut the chief was inevery respect inferior to our Lrst acuaintance, Bandar*owat.

R11th Sunay.--"ot under weigh early, after a night oftorrents of rain. The #reeQe #eing directly out of $undu

river, 9 stood as near it as 9 could, and then #ore away for)anto#ong, in order to reach )arawak. +rom "unong"ading the coast gradually declines, and forms twopoints. The Lrst of these is Tan!ong Bloungei, near which,on the right hand, runs a small river, of the same name.The ne't point is Tan!ong *atu, which shows prominentlyfrom most parts of the #ay. +rom Tan!ong *atu the coastrecedes into a #ay, and again forms a low point, which 9have christened Tan!ong $undu. The river $undu

disem#ogues itself into the #ay !ust #eyond the point ofthe same nameI and the land on its far #ank forms a#ight of considera#le depth. The $undu is a #arred riverwith #ut little waterI though, !udging from the opening, itis #y no means small. ur pilots inform me at the sametime, however, that within the #ar there is considera#ledepth of water.

R+rom the )ungei $undu the land rises #ehind a wooded

#each. The Lrst hill, which may #e said to form thelar#oard entrance of the river, is peaked, and called)umpudin, and near it is a #arred river of the samename. This range of high land runs some distanceI andnear its termination is the river Tam#urgan. The lowcoast runs into another #ightI and the Lrst opening after


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the termination of the high land is the mouth of the river)e#oo. Then comes another riverI after which the landrises into hills, gradually larger, till they terminate in around-topped hill, which forms the star#oard entrance

going inC of the )arawak river.

RThis river discharges itself at the east corner of the #ayIand its locality is easily recogniQed #y the highest peakof )anto#ong, which towers over its left #ank, close tothe entrance. ship rounding *atu will readily perceivethe high land of )anto#ong, showing like a large island,with another smaller island at its northern e'tremity.Both these, however, are attached to the main% and the

northernmost point, called Tan!ong )ipang, isdistinguished #y two peaks, like horns, one small, theother larger. )teer from *atu a direct course toward thishigh land, and when within a mile and a half or two milesof the shore, haul in along the land, as there is a sandnearly dry at low water on the star#oard hand, stretchingfrom the shore to the )addle island, or ulo )atang. Theleading mark to clear this sand is to #ring the hollowformed #etween the round hill at the right entrance of

the )arawak river and the ne't hill a-head, and as youapproach the rivers mouth, steer for a small island closeto the shore, called ulo Karra, or (onkey 9sland. Thesemarks will conduct you over a shoal with


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the casuarina, and terminating in a #each of white sand.The right #ank of the river is low, covered with palegreen mangroves, with the round hill a#ove mentioned!ust #ehind it. )anto#ong peak is 01;1 feet, or

therea#outs, #y a rough trigonometrical measurement.

R12th.--$ay at anchorI took angles and o#servations, andshot in the evening without any success. There is a Lnespecies of large pigeon of a gray color 9 was desirous ofgetting, #ut they were too cunning. lenty of wild hogswere seen, #ut as shy as though they had #een Lred atall their lives. Dhen the Pood made, dispatched my gigfor )arawak, in order to acuaint the ra!ah of my arrival.

R1!th.--"ot under weigh, and in the second reach metour gig returning, followed #y a large canoe, with aangeran of note to welcome us. De gave him a saluteof Lve gunsI while he, on his part, assured us of hisra!ahs pleasure at our arrival, and his own desire to #eof service. Dith the angeran ula *een or 9lludeen,anglicO laddinC, came the ra!ahs chief writer, his shro,a renegade arsee, a war-captain, and some others,

#eside a score of followers. They made themselves muchat home, ate and drank the less scrupulous took wineC,and conversed with ease and liveliness. ?o dierencecan #e more marked than #etween the Hindoostani andthe (alay. The former, though more self-possessed andpolished, shows a constraint in manners andconversation, and you feel that his training has madehim an artiLcial character. The (alay, on the contrary,concealing as well the feelings upper-most in his mind, islively and intelligent, and his conversation is notconLned to a dull routine of unmeaning compliments.

RAugust 1!th.--The angeran spoke to me of some ship-captain who was notoriously cruel to his $ascars, andinsolent in his language to the (alays. He was murdered


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#y his crew, and the circumstance was related to me asthough 9 was to approve the act ?o (alay of Borneoadded the angeranC would in!ure a &uropean, were hewell treated, and in a manner suita#le to his rank. nd 9

am sure such a declaration, in a limited sense, isconsonant with all known principles of human nature,and the action of the passions and feelings.

Rur angeran was uite the gentleman, and a manlygentleman too. His dress was a #lack velvet !acket,trimmed with gold lace, and trowsers of green cloth, witha red sarong and kris. He was the only one of the partyarmed while a#oard. The rest were good, uiet men, and

one or two of them very intelligent. They took their leaveof us to get #ack to the town at sunsetI #ut the e##making, returned and stayed until twelve at night, whenthe tide turned in their favor. De had some diMculty inproviding #eds. The angeran slept in my ca#in, and therest were distri#uted a#out on couches or carpets.

RAugust 1"th.--"ot under weigh with the Pood, and,favored #y a light #reeQe, proceeded up the river nearly

as far as the town. +rom the ignorance of the pilots,however, we grounded on a rock in the middle of theriver in <


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own #rother, angeran (ahammed, then saluted thevessel with seven guns, which were returned. Having#reakfasted, and previously intimated our intention, wepulled ashore to visit the great man. He received us in

state, seated in his hall of audience, which outside isnothing #ut a large shed, erected on piles, #ut withindecorated with taste. 8hairs were placed on each side ofthe ruler, who occupied the head seat. ur party wereplaced on one handI on the other sat his #rother(ahammed, and (acota and some others of his principalchiefs, while immediately #ehind him his twelve younger#rothers were seated.

RThe dress of (uda Hassim was simple, #ut of richmaterialI and most of the principal men were well, andeven super#ly, dressed. His countenance is plain, #utintelligent and highly pleasing, and his mannersperfectly elegant and easy. His reception was kind, and, 9am given to understand, highly Pattering. De sat,however, trammeled with the formality of state, and ourconversation did not e'tend #eyond kind inuiries andprofessions of friendship. De were presented with

to#acco rolled up in a leaf, each a#out a foot long, andtea was served #y attendants on their knees. #andplayed wild and not unmusical airs during the interview,and the crowd of attendants who surrounded us wereseated in respectful silence. fter a visit of half an hour,we rose and took our leave.

R)arawak is #ut an occasional residence of the a!ah(uda Hassim, and he is now detained here #y a re#ellionin the interior. n my inuiring whether the 'arproceeded favora#ly, he replied that there was no 'ar,#ut merely some chil(s play among his su)*ects. +romwhat 9 hear, however, from other uarters, it is moreserious than he represents itI and hints have #eenthrown out that the ra!ah wishes me to stay here as a


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emonstrationto intimidate the re#els. De shall see.

RThe town consists of a collection of mud huts erectedon piles, and may contain a#out


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made his appearance, and received us very well. Detalked much of the state of his country and of oursI #uthe was very guarded when 9 spoke of the *utch. He hadno dealings whatever he saidC with them, and never

allowed their vessels to come here, and therefore couldnot say what they were like. De sat in easy andunreserved converse, out of hearing of the rest of thecircle. He e'pressed great kindness to the &nglishnationI and #egged me to tell him reallywhich was themost powerful nation, &ngland or Holland, or, as hesigniLcantly e'pressed it, which is the cat, and whichthe ratU 9 assured him that &ngland was the mouser,though in this country Holland had most territory. De

took our leave after he had intimated his intention ofvisiting us to-morrow morning.

R1#th.--De were ready to receive the ra!ah after#reakfastI #ut these aairs of state are not so easilymanaged. There came two diplomatists on #oard toknow, in the Lrst place, how many guns we intended tosalute with, and, in the second, whether 9 would goashore in my gig, in order to fetch the chief and his

#rother o. The latter reuest 9 might have refused, andin a diplomatic light it was inadmissi#leI #ut 9 readilyconceded it, #ecause, in the Lrst place, it was lesstrou#lesome than a refusalI and, in the ne't, 9 cared notto #andy paltry etiuets with a semi-savageI andwhatever pride might whisper, 9 could not, as anindividual traveler, refuse an acknowledgment of thesupremacy of a native prince. 9 went accordingly. Thegreat man came on #oard, and we treated him withevery distinction and respect. (uch #ar#aric state wasmaintained as he uitted his own residence. His sword ofstate with a gold sca##ard, his war-shield, !ewel-hiltedkris, and Powing horse-tails, were separately carried #ythe grand oMcers of state. Bursts of wild musicannounced his e'it. His fourteen #rothers and principal


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angerans surrounded him, and a num#er formida#le onthe deck of a vesselC covered the rear. He stayed twohours and a halfI ate and drank, and talked with greatfamiliarityI till the oppressive heat of the crowded ca#in

caused me to wish them all to another place. However,he departed at last, under a salute of twenty-one gunsIand the fatigues of the day were satisfactorily #rought toa close. 9 afterward sent the ra!ah the presents 9 had#rought for him, consisting of a silk sarong, some yardsof red cloth and velvet, a pocket-pistol, scissors andknives, with tea, #iscuits, sweetmeats, 8hina playthings,Fc. Fc. person coming here should #e provided with afew articles of small importance to satisfy the crowd of

inferior chiefs. )oap, small parcels of tea, lucifers,writing-paper, a large stock of cigars, #iscuits, andknives, are the #estI for, without #eing great #eggars,they seem greatly to value these triPes, even in thesmallest uantity. The higher class inuired freuentlyfor scentsI and for the great men 9 know no presentwhich would #e more accepta#le than a small pier-glass.ll ranks seemed greatly pleased with those a#oardI andsome of the lower orders, uite ignorant of therePection, were continually laughing, moving, sitting,and rising, to o#serve the corresponding eect.

R18th.--9n the morning 9 intimated my intention of payinga visit to the angeran (uda (ahammedI and #eingapprised of his readiness to see us, 9 went ashore to hishouse. He was not, however, in the room to receive usInor, indeed, was 9 much surprised at this slight, for he isa sulky-looking, ill-favored savage, with a de#auchedappearance, and wanting in the intelligence of his#rother the ra!ah. 9 seated myself, however, andremained some timeI #ut the delay e'ceeding what 9considered the utmost limit of due for#earance, 9e'pressed to the angeran (acota my regret that hiscompeer was not ready to receive me, adding that, as 9


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was not accustomed to #e kept waiting, 9 would return tomy vessel. 9 spoke in the uietest tone imagina#le, rosefrom my seat, and moved awayI #ut the assem#ledangerans, rising likewise, assured me it was a mistakeI

that he was not yet dressed, and would greatly regret ithimself. 9 repeated that when 9 visited the ra!ah, hereceived me in the hall. Dhile this #rief discussionpassed, the culprit (uda (ahammed appeared andapologiQed for his remissness, assuring me that the errorwas his attendants, who told him 9 was not coming foran hour. The e'cuse of course passed current, thoughfalse, as e'cuses generally are. 9 vindicated myindependence, not until it was necessaryI and 9 am well

aware that any endeavor of a native to commit anindirect rudeness, if met with Lrmness and gentleness,always recoils on his own head. The routine of the visitresem#led our last--tea, cigars, complimentaryconversation and departure. The angeran afterwardsent me a present of fowls and goats, and 9 was rightglad to have it over. (uda (ahammed is the own#rother to (uda Hassim, and ne't in rank here. s yet 9had not made any reuest to the ra!ah to allow me tovisit various parts of his countryI #ut thinking the time todo so was come the ceremonial of arrival #eing pastC, 9sent (r. Dilliamson, my interpreter, to e'press my wishto travel to some of the (alay towns and into thecountry of the *yaks. The latter reuest 9 fully e'pected,would #e evaded, and was therefore the more pleasedwhen an answer came giving a cheerful consent to mygoing among the *yaks of $undu, and visiting the towns

of )adung, )amarahan, Fc. t the same time the ra!ahinformed me, that if 9 went up the river, he could not #eanswera#le for my safety, as the re#els were not fardistant, and constantly on the watch. )are#us, anotherlarge *yak town, he advised me not to visit, as theywere inimical to his government, and a skirmish hadlately taken place #etween them and some of his


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su#!ects.

R18th, Sunay.--erformed service. 9n the eveningwalked ashore, #ut the !ungle was wet after rain. &very

day or night since arriving it has rained, sometimes intorrents, at others in showers, and the sky has #een soo#scured that no o#servations can #e o#tained. Thethermometer never ranges a#ove :


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RThe river Euop is a Lne stream, fully, as far as 9 couldsee, as #road as the (orota#a or )arawak. Beyond the!unction of the Euop and (orota#a the latter riverdivides into two #ranches--the left-hand one, running to

the sea, retains the name of (orota#a, while the right iscalled iam.

RThe iam is a Lne streamI at its !unction with the(orota#a it takes that name, as the (orota#a does thatof )arawak where they !oin. $ow mangrove or ?epa palm#anks characteriQe these streamsI and occasionallyslight eminences, with tim#er, are to #e seen. Thehighest hill is a#out 6111 feet high, called (atang, and is

at the point of !unction #etween the (orota#a and iam.

RThe ne't river on the star#oard hand is the Tan!an, asmall streamI and some distance from it, the Kulluong,or arwheet river, more properly the continuation of theiam. n the port hand is a smaller river, running ?. 6;V&. De pursued this stream, called >gong asserI andafter a hard pull against a strong tide, emerged into thelarger river of )amarahan. The tide was so strong

against us that we #rought up for a couple of hours till itslacked, and #etween four and Lve got under weighagain, with the e'pectation of shortly arriving at ourplace of destination. Hour after hour passed, howeverIthe sun setI the glorious moon rose upon our progress aswe toiled slowly #ut cheerfully onward. )ilence wasaround, save when #roken #y the wild song of the (alay#oatmen, responded to #y the song of our tars to thetune of Bonnie laddie, Highland laddie.

R9t was such a situation as an e'cita#le mind might envy.The rePection that we were proceeding up a Borneonriver hitherto unknown, sailing where no &uropean eversailed #eforeI the deep solitude, the #rilliant night, thedark fringe of retired !ungle, the lighter foliage of the


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river #ank, with here and there a tree Pashing andshining with LrePies, natures tiny lamps glancing andPitting in countless num#ers and incredi#le #rilliancy televen at night we reached )amarahan, having #een

eighteen hours in the #oat, and Lfteen at the oars,chiePy against tide. The men were tired, #ut cheerful.9ndeed, 9 can give them no praise #eyond their merits forconduct spirited, enduring, and yet so orderly as neverto oend the native inha#itants, or infringe upon theirpre!udices. glass of grog with our supper, and we allsoon closed our eyes in comforta#le sleep, such asfatigue alone can #ring.

R22.--The village of )amarahan consists of a fewhouses, #uilt, as usual, upon posts, and standing close tothe #rink of the river. 9t contains from si'ty to eightyinha#itants in all, and there is nothing in its site dierentfrom the rest of the country. Dhile here, a #oat, with a*yak family, came alongside, consisting of a father, hisson, and two daughters. They #elonged to the )i#nowantri#e, and had a ladang, or farm, on the )amarahan,toward the sea. The women were good-lookingI one,

indeed, handsome, plump, and intelligent. They werenaked to the waist, and ornamented with severalcinctures of #rass and colored rattans scraped very thin.

R#out ten we uitted )amarahan and proceeded up theriver, stopping only to take a set of sights, and a#outseven in the evening reached )i#now, having previouslypassed the villages of em#as and )iniawan. )iniawanand )i#now are not a#ove half a mile from each other,and em#as not far distant. They are all a#out the samesiQe, consisting each of eight or ten houses, andcontaining si'ty or eighty inha#itants. The river, duringits course so far, is characteriQed #y the same clay-mud#ank, evidently an alluvial deposit, without one rock to#e seen. The #anks are low, and for the most part


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cleared a uarter of a mile or more on either side, #utthe !ungle is rarely distur#ed #eyond that distance.ccasionally, however, the scene is varied #y the richfoliage of this !ungle, which here and there kisses the

tide as it Pows #y, and in some spots on the clearedground arise clumps of trees that would #e the pride ofany park in &urope. (onkeys in great num#ers friskedamong the #ranchesI and though una#le to shoot them,they amused us often #y their grotesue attitudes andthe tremendous leaps they made. n one occasion wesaw as many as twenty throw themselves, one after theother, from the #ranch of a high tree into a thick #ushfull forty feet #elow, and not one missed his distance or

hold n our way to )i#now the angeran had collecteda num#er of men for a deer-hunt. The nets used for thispurpose are formed of rattans strongly wove together,which, #eing stretched along the !ungle, have nooses ofthe same material, at three feet apart, attached to thisridge-rope. Beaters and dogs then hunt from theopposite uarter, and the deer, in escaping them, iscaught in this trap. length of several hundred fathomsis stretched at once, each separate part of thirty or fortyfathoms #eing !oined on as reuiredI and 9 was told thatin this way many deer were taken.

R heavy rain came on directly after we had #rought up,and uickly dispelled all our preparations for supper, #yputting out our Lre, cooling our hot water, and soakingour half-#roiled fowls. To a hungry man such an event isvery disastrousI #ut nothing could e'ceed the kindnessof our (alay friends. They took us to the #est house inthe village, prepared our supper, and provided us withcomforta#le mats and pillows to sleep on. )ome of ourparty preferred a #ad supper and wet #ed to theseaccommodationsI and, to consummate their discomfort,they were kept awake a great part of the night #ysandPies. ur lot in the house was more fortunate. De


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heard the rattling of the pitiless rain, and commiseratedthose whose choice or distrust kept them in the #oat. 9o#tained #y this means an e'cellent opportunity ofseeing a (alay m+nagein its primitive simplicity.

Domen, children, and all their domestic arrangements,were e'posed to view. ?othing appeared to #econcealed, nor could anything e'ceed the simple, kind-hearted hospitality of the inha#itants. The women gaQedupon us freelyI and their children, with the shynessnatural to their age, yet took a glance at the strangers.?ever having seen a white man, their curiosity wasnaturally e'citedI #ut it was never oensive. ur supperconsisted of an e'cellent curry, and cold venison #roiled

on a stick, Pavored with a glass of sherry, and concluded#y a cigar. De retired to a dry #ed, laying our head onthe pillow with as entire a feeling of security as thoughreposing in &ngland.

R description of this (alay dwelling, situated so far upthis hitherto unknown river, may #e interesting. Built,like other (alay houses, on posts, Poored with split#am#oo, and covered with the leaf of the ?epa palm, it

presents the very )eau iealof fragility, #ut aords, atthe same time, many advantages, and with a littleimprovement might #e rendered admira#ly calculatedfor a new settler in any warm country. 9t is #uilt at verysmall e'pense, is remarka#ly roomy, free from damp,and weather-proof. The interior of the house consists offour rooms, the center one large and commodious, thefront narrower, #ut thirty-si' feet in length, a familysleeping-apartment on one side, and a kitchen at the#ack. These apartments are divided one from the other#y partitions made of the ?epaI the Poors were nicelyspread with strong mats of *yak manufacture, and onour arrival Lner white mats were laid over these. Theentrance of the house is approached #y a steep ladder,which in case of attack is easily removed. The river


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)amarahan is admira#ly calculated for trade, and,indeed, the same may #e said of the whole country, fromthe great facility it oers of inland communication. Thereis no impediment for small vessels of 011 or 611 tons

navigating as far as )i#now, the stream #eing deep andclear of danger. The tides in the river are strong, #ut notdangerously soI and, sounding occasionally in everyreach, we never found less water than three fathoms.The distant mountains, called Bukar and some othernameC, are inha#ited #y *yaks, and are said to oermany valua#le articles of tradeI and we may presumethis true from the riches of the region whence the)arawak river takes its rise. 9t is highly pro#a#le, indeed,

that #oth these rivers, as well as the Euop and others,have their source in the same range, and will #e found toaord the same mineral productions. Tin, the nativesconLdently assert, can #e procured, and #irds nests invery considera#le uantities. The latter article, 9 haveheretofore understood, was found only in the vicinity ofthe sea, whence the material of which they arecomposed is gatheredI #ut #oth here and at )arawak the#est informed and most intelligent (alays assure me it islikewise found in the interior, and #rought #y the *yaksfrom the mountains. The alluvial soil is a rich clay loam.The principal production at present is rice, of whichconsidera#le uantities are grown on the #anks of theriver, which accounts for the clearing of so many miles ofthe !ungle. The mode of cultivation is similar to what ispursued in )umatra, and so well descri#ed #y (arsden. small spot is cleared of !ungle, and when the soil is

e'hausted of its primeval richness, is deserted foranother, which again in turn is neglected, and returns toits wild state. The rice produced is of e'cellent uality,and of a smaller grain than the Java rice we have withus. 9t is very white and of e'cellent Pavor, and 9 aminclined to think is the adi ladang, or rice grown on dryground. +or rice, cultivation of, Fc., Fc., vide (arsdens


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Sumatra, p. /;.C

RBeside rice, rattans are found in great uantities, andlikewise (alacca canes, #ut whether of good uality 9 am

not a#le to say. n my e'pressing a wish to see one, aman was dispatched into the !ungle, and returned withone in a few minutes. Bees-wa' is another article to #eprocured here at presentto the amount of thirty or fortypeculs per year from )i#now, (alacca canes a smallship-load, rattans in a#undance, and any uantity of"aru wood. 3G7 Dhen we consider the antimony of)arawak, #eside the other things previously mentionedto say nothing of gold and diamondsC, we cannot dou#t

of the richness of the country% #ut allowance must #emade for the e'aggeration of native statements.

R9t must likewise #e #orne in mind, that these articles arecollected in small uantities in a country thinlypopulatedI and for the purposes of trade it would #enecessary to have a resident &uropean on the spot togather the produce of the country ready for e'portation.9 have no dou#t that permission might #e o#tained for an

&nglish merchant to reside in the country, and thatduring the lifetime of the a!ah (uda Hassim he would#e secure from outrage. The produce of the countrymight likewise #e o#tained at LrstC at a low rate ine'change for &uropean goods suited to native tastes. 9naddition to the articles 9 have already mentioned, 9 musthere add pins, needles, and thread, #oth gold and white,showy cheap velvets, yellow, green, and red cloth, )uratsilks, cottons, colored #eads for the *yaksC, nankeens insmall uantities, gold-lace of various ualities,gunpowder, muskets, pistols, Pints, Fc., Fc. The headman of )i#now rang KayaC, when 9 asked him why hedid not collect the produce of the country, replied, thatthe inha#itants were few, and unless an &nglishmerchant was settled at Kuching to #uy the things, it


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was no use collecting them. The uncertainty of sale, aswell as the very small prices to #e o#tained from trading(alays, prevents these people using the advantages oftheir country, and as yet they seemed to consider it

impossi#le that vessels would come for them. That theywill one day or other #e convinced to the contrary, 9 amsureI that it will #e soon, 9 sincerely hopeI for 9 can seeno reason, with a population and rulers so paciLc, why atrade highly advantageous to )ingapore should not #eopened. 9 considered our reception as an additional proofhow much #etter the natives are disposed where theyhave had no intercourse with &uropeansI how perfectlywilling they are to e'tend a friendly hospitality when

never previously in!ured or aggravatedI and as the Lrstwhite men who ever visited their country, we can #earthe most cordial testimony to their unaected kindness.

R9t is true that we were under the protection of the ra!ahand accompanied #y a angeran, and could haveinsisted on o#taining what was readily granted. But incase the natives had shown any aversion or antipathytoward us, it would easily have #een o#served.

R2!.--Heavy rain all the morning. ur salt provisions#eing e'hausted, we procured a goat, which was cookedto last during our upward passage.

Rt


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Lve hours pull from "untong. The course of the river isso tortuous, that in one place two reaches are onlydivided #y a neck of land Lve yards across

RDe were now fairly in the #ush, and #eyond the rangeof our angerans knowledgeI and 9 was not thereforesurprised though disappointedC when he intimated thenecessity of returning. There was nothing to seeI theriver was narrow, rapid, and o#structed #y treesI the*yaks hostileI the ra!ahs enemies in am#ush.

R9 had nothing to answer, save my desire to proceedI #ut9 felt, at the same time, #ound in honor to returnI for to

a#use the indulgence of a native prince on our Lrste'cursion would have #een a poor way to o#tain hisfuture permission to visit other places.

R9 did everything man could do to shake the angeransresolutionI and 9 #elieve 9 should have #een successful,had his stock of to#acco and sirih 3;7 not #eene'pended. (y last resource was resorting to the meansfound eMcient with most men to induce them to alter

their opinion. 9 was content to gain a consent to ourproceeding some miles farther up the stream in themorning, and then returning with the e##. ?othingduring this contention could #e more polite than theangerans mannerI for he not only e'pressed #ut lookedhis regret, and urged on me his responsi#ility to thera!ah. The plea was unanswera#le, though 9 could nothelp suspecting the want of to#acco and #etel as theleading motive.

R2"th.--De proceeded, as previously agreed, up the riversome ten or twelve miles farther, during which distanceit narrows to an inconsidera#le #ut deep stream. 9n manyplaces it was not a#ove eighteen feet wide, with treesoverhanging the water. The depth was 0


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high waterI #ut #eing the rainy season, it would not #edeeper than necessary for #oats all the year round. 9nthe early morning the !ungle presented a charmingscene. $ong vistas of no#le trees with a diversity of

richest foliage were #efore us--in some placesoverarching the water, and forming a verdant canopya#ove our heads. Birds were numerous, and woke thewoods with their notes, #ut rarely approached withinshot. igeons in num#ers and of several varieties wereseen, #ut very shy and wild.

RDe pushed on ahead of our attendant angeran, andpulled up long after the e## had made. He had a long

chase, and e'hausted his lungs in shouting to us toreturnI and at last, from pity and according to promise, 9did so. oor fellow, he was very glad, Lred his swivel-gun, and then #rought up for #reakfast. 9 #elieve a fewhours progress would have #rought us to the vicinity ofthe hills and into the country of the *yaksI and althoughdisappointed at not #eing allowed to proceed thither, 9nevertheless comfort myself that we have penetrated ahundred miles up a Borneon river hitherto unknown--a

river likewise as far as we have yet e'amined itCadmira#ly calculated for the purposes of navigation andtrade, and which may at some future period #ecome ofimportance not only to the trade of our settlement of)ingapore, #ut even to the commercial interests of "reatBritain. The general character of the )amarahan issimilar to that of other rivers Powing through alluvialsoilsI the stream is deep, with muddy #anks and #ottom,and apparently free from danger or o#struction. fcourse these remarks are not meant to prevent thenecessity of caution in any vessel proceeding up, as oursurvey was necessarily very #riefI and, like other rivers,one #ank will usually #e found deep, the other shallowIwhich must #e attended to.


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R9t now remains for us to proceed up the river from itsmouth to its !unction with the >gong asserI and shouldit prove to have suMcient water for vessels on the #ar,nothing more will #e desired.

Returning, it took us Lve hours with a fair tide to)i#nowI the ne't e## we reached )amarahan in threehours, where we stopped for the night. heavy rain setin after we #rought to, and continued till morning.

R2&th.--The morning was cold and rawI #ut cleared up asthe sun rose. t 2 we started, and at a uarter past gong asser and thence into

the iam. Thus it took us


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8onversion, and &levation in the )ocial )cale.--"overnment, $aws, and unishments.--*ances.--9ron(anufacturing.--8hinese )ettlement.--&'cursioncontinued.

RAug. !%th.--ur Potilla, constituted as #efore, uitted)arawak with the e## tide, and reached )anto#ong, atthe mouth of the river, soon after the Pood had made.De waited for the turn of the tideI and in wanderingalong the sand, 9 had a shot at a wild hog, #ut unluckilymissed. 9 likewise saw a deer, very like a red deer, andnearly as large. The hog 9 Lred at was a dirty white, witha #lack head, very unlike in this particular to any wild

hogs 9 have hitherto seen either in 9ndia or &uropeI #utseveral young pigs, likewise seen, were #lack.

RDith the Pood we weighed anchor, intending to #ring upat the mouth of the )e#oo riverI #ut the )kimalongoutsailing the prahus, foolishly parted company, causingme much uneasiness, and keeping the prahus underweigh all night. 9 was at this time a#oard the angerans#oat, where 9 usually slept. #out


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#readth, a#out half a mile at the mouth, and


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are hung many cots, four feet long, formed of thehollowed trunks of trees cut in half, which answer thepurpose of seats #y day and #eds #y night. The)i#nowan *yaks are a wild-looking #ut apparently uiet

and inoensive race. The apartment of their chief, #yname )e!ugah, is situated nearly in the center of the#uilding, and is larger than any other. 9n front of it nicemats were spread on the occasion of our visit, while overour heads dangled a#out thirty ghastly skulls, accordingto the custom of these people. The chief was a man ofmiddle age, with a mild and pleasing countenance andgentle manners. He had around him several sons andrelations, and one or two of the leading men of his tri#e,

#ut the rest seemed #y no means to #e restrained #y hispresence, or to show him any particular marks ofrespect% certainly nothing of the servile o#seuiousnesso#served #y the (alays #efore their prince. Their dressconsists of a single strip of cloth round the loins, with theends hanging down #efore and #ehind, and a lighttur#an, composed of the #ark of trees, twined round thehead, and so arranged that the front is stuck upsomewhat resem#ling a short plume of feathers.

RTheir Lgures are almost universally well made, showinggreat activity without great muscular developmentI #uttheir stature is diminutive, as will #e seen #y thefollowing measurements, taken at random among them,and conLrmed #y general o#servation%

R)e!ugah, the chief, height, ; ft. < 6AG in. Head round, !u $oke, andfrom >!u $oke the land runs low to the point of

"alumpang, the entrance of a river marked in the charts.+rom >!u $oke named Bolo Bolo in ?ories chartC thecoast-line runs for


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certainly e'ert themselves in our favor. 8oming into this#ay, there is some diMculty in distinguishing the fortI#ut coming from the westward, its position may readily#e known #y steering for two lumps on the ).&. declivity

of the mountain.

R18th.--"ot ashore #y seven oclock to start for thewaterfallI till nine we were detained #y want of horses,#ut after much trou#le the animals were procured, ando we started. ur party consisted of three doctors himof the fortiLcation, a "erman gentleman, Treacher, andTheylingenC and myself, with native guides. The road layfor a short way along the #each, then struck into the

thicket, and we commenced a gradual ascent. Thescenery was most striking and lovelyI glades and glens,grassy knolls and slopes, with scattered trees, and thevoice of a hidden river which reached our ears from adeep valley on the left hand. roceeding thus for somedistance, we at length plunged into the wood, anddescending a short space, found ourselves #y the sidesof the stream #elow the waterfall. Here, #reakfast #eingLnished, we all stripped to our trowsers, entered the

water, and advanced along the #ed of the river to thefall. The #anks on either hand, steep and woody,prevented any other mode of approach, and the stream,rushing down and falling over huge rocks, rendered theonly availa#le one any thing #ut easy. t times we wereup to the arms, then crawling out and stealing with careover wet and slippery stones, now taking advantage of afew yards of dry ground, and ever and anon swimming apool to shorten an unpleasant clim#. 9n this manner weadvanced a#out half a mile, when the fall #ecamevisi#leI thick trees and hanging creepers intervenedI#etween and through the foliage we Lrst saw the waterglancing and shining in its descent. The eect wasperfect. fter some little further and more diMcultprogress, we stood #eneath the fall, of a#out


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sheer descent. The wind whirled in eddies, and carriedthe sleet over us, chilling our #odies, #ut una#le to dampour admiration. The #asin of the fall is part of a circle,with the outlet forming a funnelI #are clis,

perpendicular on all sides, form the upper portion of thevale, and a#ove and #elow is all the lu'uriant vegetationof the &astI trees, arched and interlaced, and throwingdown long fantastic roots and creepers, shade the scene,and form one of the richest sylvan prospects 9 have ever#eheld. The water, foaming and Pashing, and thenescaping amid huge gray stones on its trou#led course--clear and transparent, e'panding into tranuil pools,with the Pickering sunshine through the dense foliage--

all com#ine to form at scene such as Tasso hasdescri#ed. 3


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days were on one of the horses, and a goodly stock offowling-pieces, #eside my mountain #arometer. Theplain was soon clearedI and three hours ride #y a goodhorse-path #rought us to the village of )enua, consisting

of a doQen houses. De found the inha#itants hospita#le,and took refuge from a heavy suall of wind and rain inthe #est house the place aorded. *uring the rain thethermometer sunk to 2/V, #ut rose directly afterward. thalf-past one the rain cleared away, #ut we weredetained until three #y the Bugis getting their dinner.*uring this time 9 strayed along the sparkling streamwhich runs #y the village, and after en!oying a #athe,called to horse, in order to proceed. "reat was my

surprise, however, to #e told #y the ra!ahs son-in-lawthat he supposed we were going #ack. discussionarose,--he declaring there was no road for the horses,and that we could not go fartherI while 9 insisted, if hewould not advance, 9 should continue my !ourney onfoot. fter much time had #een lost, our guide set oslowly and reluctantly, and we proceeded for two orthree miles, when, Lnding our head turned to thesouthward, and the road descending, 9 again called ahalt, and was once more told it was not possi#le tomount farther. scheme had #een formed to lead usround a#out, and take us gradually down, until too lateto mount again. long parley ensuedI #oth partiesseemed resoluteI and it Lnished #y our unloading the#aggage-horse, and making a small parcel ofnecessaries to carry on foot. ur guide, however, neverintended matters to go so far, and we Lnished at last #y

taking half the horses, and allowing him the ra!ahs son-in-lawC to descend with the rest. This #eing done, we hadto retrace our road nearly to )enuaI and a little #eforesunset our party crossed an awkward stream, and struckinto the path up the mountains.

R short walk #rought us to $engan $engang a#out dusk,


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where we put up for the night. +or the Lrst time, this day9 saw the cockatoo in his wild stateI 9 was within easyshot of two of them, #ut the stream lay #etween us, and9 felt some compunction at shooting these favorite #irds.

R$ourikeets were in great plenty, and many varieties ofpigeons and doves, #eside other #irds. ?ear $engan$engang we encountered a community of dusky#a#oons, many of them very large and powerful% after ahard scram#le 9 got within shot of themI on my Lring theLrst #arrel, the young ones and females made o, #utthe leaders of the #and disdained to retreat, and, withthreatening gestures and grimaces, covered the retreat

of their party. The conseuence was, 9 sacriLced one ofthese heroes, of a large siQe% he fell from the #ranch onwhich he was seated into a deep valley, and his fallcompleted the rout of the rest. )pence, in the meantime, having arrived, 9 dispatched him to secure thepriQeI #ut at the #ottom of the valley the #a#oons againshowed themselves, and manifested every inclination tofall on himI another #arrel put them to Pight, and#etween us we dragged the fallen hero to the horses.

RThe village of $engan $engang consists of a#out adoQen houses, is situated in a nook of the hills, andsurrounded #y cocoanut-trees. De were accommodatedin the principal house, and treated with every hospitality.The people of the hills are poor, though their land isfertile, and produces a#undance of rice and 9ndian corn.Theft is said to #e common, especially of horses, and thecare of the horses #elonging to travelers devolves on thevillagersI for, in case a horse is stolen, a Lne is imposedon the population in general. To prevent this misfortune,our hosts kept playing, as long as we could #ear it, on aninstrument like a clarinetI #ut at twelve oclock, aftertrying in vain to sleep, we were o#liged to stop the noiseand risk the horses.


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RThis instrument is a#out three feet long, with Lve or si'holes, and a Pat mouthpiece on the cane-tu#eI thesound is musical when gently #reathed into, #ut in theirusual mode of playing, it emits frightful shrieks. *uring

the night the thermometer sunk to /5V, and we wereglad of our #lankets.

R21st.--ose #etween Lve and si'. Took some#arometrical o#servations, and at half-past si' continuedour upward way. s far as $engan $engang the countrypresents #eautiful woodland and mountain scenery, withlu'uriant vegetation, thickly wooded valleys, andsparkling streams. The Pats and valleys are occupied #y

rice-grounds, and the pasturage is of the very Lnestdescription for all sorts of cattle% the grass short andrich. $engan $engang is the last point where thecocoanut or other palms is seenI #ut there it growsremarka#ly well, and attains a great height. #ove thispoint the wood, generally speaking, #ecomes smaller,and the vegetation more coarse, the hills #eing coveredwith a rank high grass, and ferns, similar to those in&ngland. Three hours slow traveling #rought us to the

village of $okar, situated at the foot of the peak of thatname. 9 mounted, while #reakfast was preparing, nearlyto the top, and up to the #elt of thick wood whichsurrounds the last


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we Lrst arrived, some miles in advance% at #reakfast-time the clouds entirely covered it, and rolled down upon$okar in heavy rain, driving us into a misera#le hut forshelter.

R*uring the rain the thermometer fell to 21V. t 6 .(.started for some huts we saw at the foot of $umpuBalong, having Lrst sent our horses #ack to $engan$engang, #eing assured their farther progress wasimpractica#le. Dhen, however, our guide from $okarunderstood our intention of reaching $umpu Balong, heo#!ected to proceed, on the plea that the village inadvance was inha#ited #y people from Turatte. De

managed to coa' him on, and, after two and a halfhours walk, reached arontalas. The country, ascendinggradually, #ecomes more and more wildI the woodstuntedI and the streams, Lnding their way throughmasses of rock, leave strong traces of their occasionalviolence. arontalas stands on the edge of the forestwhich skirts $umpu Balong, from which it has not long#een retrieved. 9t consists of a few scattered huts, farapart. otatoes, to#acco, and coee are grown here, the

former in great a#undance. $ike the rest of the people,their food consists of 9ndian cornI and, as in the othervillages, they #reed horses. ur host of arontalas wasvery polite, and gave us some fowls and theaccommodation of his houseI the latter, indeed, wasneedful, for we were all #adly provided with covering,and the mountain air was raw and cold. To our reuestfor guides to ascend the mountain he replied, that it wasnecessary to consult the head man of the district, wholived some little distance o. 9n the interim we madeourselves very happy, determined to ascend with orwithout a guide or guides. De lay down at nine, in orderto #e ready for the mornings work, the thermometerstanding at ;5V in the house.


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R22.--t Lve, when we rose, the thermometer stood at;/V in the air. The head man had arrived, and willinglygave us guides, warning us only of the diMculty of theascent. ?othing could e'ceed the kindness and attention

of this simple old man. He remem#ered the time the&nglish had the country, and spoke of his peoplesrespect for our nation, and their regret that we had leftthe country. t / .(. we started, and, after walkinga#out a mile, plunged into the #elt of forest whichenvirons $umpu Balong. +rom si' till half-past two, wewere alternately ascending and descending, scram#lingover rocks or fallen tim#er, or cutting a path through themost tangled thicket that ever tore the wayfarer. To add

to our diMculty, during the latter half of the ascent, wecould procure no water, which caused us considera#lesuering. t length, however, we stood at the summit of$umpu Balong, and looked, on either side, over a vastsea of Peecy clouds which rolled #eneath. The top is anarrow ridge, covered with stunted trees and lu'uriantmossI and a second peak to the westward, of rather lesselevation, is separated from it #y a declivity. 9 clim#ed tothe top of a tree to look along the mountain, and makecertain that we were at the highest pointI and havingconvinced myself of this, 9 proceeded with the#arometric o#servations, which were concluded #y 6.(.I for it was highly necessary to get down #efore nightovertook us in the dreary and inhospita#le forest. urthirst, too, was tormenting, and increased #y hearing thefall of a torrent deep in the valley to the northward.

Rs far as 9 could o#serve, the northern face of themountain was perpendicular, and the ascent on that sidewould have #een attended with greater diMculty thanfrom the point we chose. ur way down was easier, andthe descent was made as e'peditiously as the nature ofthe ground would allow. Having fairly worn our shoes oour feet, we were pierced #y #ram#les and thorns in a


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cruel manner. ur guide, in going down, discovered atree with a #ee-hive in it containing great store of honey.The Bugis instantly attacked the tree, on seeing whichmy Lrst impression was, that it would #e prudent to

retreat to a distanceI #ut their composure induced me toremainI and, to my surprise, when the tree was laidopen, the honey was taken out in large uantities, andthe #ees #rushed o the com# without oering to sting.Though Pying round a#out us, and on the hands of allthe people, they were uite innocent of harmI and 9conclude, therefore, they were dierent from thecommon honey-#ee. The honey was e'cellent, andrefreshed us for a few minutes, #ut ultimately only

added to our thirst. t length, a#out Lve, we reached astream of water, and uenched our thirst with draughtsof the coolest and most limpid mountain stream. TheBugis, though, like ourselves, they had #een, withoutany water from nine oclock in the morning till Lve in theevening, refused to drink, alleging that it was highlyin!urious after eating honey "lad were we, !ust at dark,to get clear of the forestI and a short walk farther#rought us to our temporary dwelling. De were muchknocked up, and very much torn with the thorns. #riefdinner and a delicious cigar, and we lay down to sleep--not even incommoded #y the cold, which kept us awakethe last night.

R2!.--Having, through mistake, forgotten to #ring upany money, 9 had no means of repaying the o#ligationsreceived from these simple hill-people e'cept )ypromises. (y old friend ordered the guide of yesterdayto accompany us to the plains, to receive his ownpayment, and to #ring some things, for others, up there.t ten we ho##led forth, very foot-sore, and lackingproper covering for our feet. The prospect of four or Lvehours walk to $engan $engang was very unpleasantIand in proportion to our e'pected pain was our


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gratiLcation on meeting allour horses within three milesof arontalas--allthe horses, which all the men sworecould not, #y any possi#ility, ascend, were thereI andthough without saddles and #ridles, or the Bugis, we

were too glad to mount. De went down #y another road.+our hours #rought us to $engan $engang, where werested for two hours, and, remounting, reached Bonthianat a#out seven oclock in the evening. Thus concludedthis interesting e'cursion into a hill-region, where weattained the summit of $umpu Balong, never #eforereached #y &uropean. The *utch oMcers informed methat three successive residents of Bonthian hadattempted it and failed.

RBefore 9 conclude, 9 may take a #rief survey of thecountry. The hills are generally rounded or Pat at top,and not oering any rugged or #roken peaks. Thescenery a#out )enua and $engan $engang is theperfection of woodland, with the picturesuecharacteristics of a mountain regionI the climateadmira#ly suited, thence to the summit, for &uropeans,and capa#le of producing most &uropean and tropical

plants to perfection. 8oee plantations on these hillsmight #e undertaken with certainty of success, and thereis much in the character of the natives which wouldfacilitate the operation. To the westward of $okar, andsomewhat lower, is a Lne e'tensive plain, which we !ustskirted coming downI it was cultivated in every part,apparently with rice. The vegeta#le productions of thehills 9 have #riePy mentionedI #ut 9 may add that thewild rasp#erry was found, and that wild guavas grow inthe greatest a#undance, as well as oranges and grapes.

RThe animal kingdom, of course, we had no time toe'amineI #ut the #a#i rupa is said to #e found in thehigher regionsI and in the forest, toward the summit of$umpu Balong, we saw the dung of wild cattle, which, 9


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am told, are a species of urus. The #irds we saw were,parouets of two sorts, viQ., the lourikeet and a smallgreen parouetI a large green pigeon, specimens ofwhich we gotI the cream-colored pigeon of Borneo,

#eside many others.

RThe geological formation of the region 9 must leave toothers. 9 #rought down some specimens of the rocks andloose stones, which are, 9 #elieve, pummiceI if so, 9presume the formation volcanic, similar to Java.

R2"th.--8alled on the resident, and saw the ra!ah.

R2&th.--8hristmas, with his !olly nose and icy hands. Hereit is hot enough Dere 9 to live in this country, 9 shouldretire for the season up in the mountains. *ined with theesident of BonthianI #y no means surprised that he andhis congeners had failed in their attempt to clim# themountain% the resident is a native 9n the evening,cele#rated the day with all sorts of sports.

R2#th.--(id-day, uitted Bonthian, and ran to Boele

8om#a or 8ompa.

R27th.--9 have little to say of Boele 8om#a. 9t is situatedin the #ight of the #ay, eastward of Bonthian. Thereappears to #e much, confusion an Hors#urghs *irectorya#out the latitude and longitude, and the hill called afterthe place. This hill is the last of the mountain-range,somewhat detached, covered with wood, of moderateelevation, and peaked. +rom our anchorage, two miles

from the fort, it #ore ?.?.D. The fort is similar to the oneat Bonthian, the country pretty, and nearly level. TheBonthian mountains i. e.$umpu Balong and the rangeCshow steep and well in the #ackground. "ame a#ounds,#y report. &uropeans are su#!ect to complaints of theeyes, and occasionally to fever. ny vessel running in


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ought to #e.

R?othing so strongly marks the degradation of a race ornation as a cheerful acuiescence under a foreign rule.

The more virtuous, the more civiliQed, the moreeducated a people, the more tur#ulent, indolent, andsullen, when reduced to a state of su#!ectionI the fewerualities will they have to please their masters, whenforeign rule is oppressive, or looks solely to theadvantage of the country of the conuerors, and not ofthe conuered. There is no race will willingly su#mit% the#ayonet and the sword, the gallows and the whip,imprisonment and conLscation, must #e constantly at

work to keep them under.

R$eaving Boele 8om#a, as 9 #efore said, we shaped ourcourse for Tan!ong Berak, passing #etween that pointand the north island. The passage is e'cellent, clear ofall danger, as far as we could see, with deep water. Therocks reported to e'ist #y Hors#urgh, and put down on?ories chart, have no e'istence. The Bugis prahusalways use this channel, and know them notI and the

captain of a *utch cruiser informed me that he had oftenrun through the passage at night, and that it was clear ofall danger or o#struction.

R(y own o#servation went to verify the fact, for everypart of the passage appears deep and clear, and wepassed over the spots where these rocks are marked.pproaching Tan!ong Berak, there is a sandy #each,where a vessel may get anchorage in case the wind dies

away. The tides in the channel are strongI here, andalong the south coast, the e## runs from the eastward,the Pood from the west. Having cleared the channel, wehauled into the Bay of Boni, which, although running in anorth and south direction, has some headlandse'tending to the eastward. There are two places marked


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on the chart, viQ. Berak and TieroI #ut these, instead of#eing towns or villages, are names of districtsI the Lrst,reaching from Tan!ong Berak, a#out


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R!%th.-->nder weigh. Brought up in 06 fathoms, amid thecoral shoals.

R!1st.--Nisited the island of Balunrueh for sights.

RTan!ong $a#u is #lu and #old, and of moderateelevation. The land from thence trends away westward,forming a long #ay, which, for distinction, may #e called$a#u Bay, at the ?.D. part of which is the town of )ongi,the principal place a#out here. Between $a#u and )ongiare the following countries% Kupi Ka!ang, akah, Buah,Kalaku, Baringan, and (agnara#un#angI each with aseparate petty ra!ah. The country is moderately well

clearedI a#out an average height, near the shore, of 611feetI with few ha#itations a#out, #ut no towns orvillages. The mountain range throws a spur downward tothe sea in the vicinity of )ongi and the Lne peaks of$umpu BalongI and Dawa Karang, with the conusionofmountains, form a magniLcent #ackground to theprospect. +rom (agnara#un#ang the land runs away tothe eastward toward Tan!ong )alanketo, which must #edescri#ed on a future occasion. 9n the oMng are several

islands and numerous reefs. The principal island isBalunrueh, G11 or ;11 feet highI #old, steep, andcovered with trees, e'cept at its northern e'tremityIwhere it is low, with a sandy point. this north pointruns a coral reefI direction 6;GV, and e'tent a#out twomiles. t the ).D. angle of the island there is likewise areef stretching half a mileI and the shores all round, for ashort distance, are lined with coral, outside of which thewater is apparently very deep. De could get nosoundings with a hand lead, half a mile to the westward.

R Balunrueh, to the ).&., is the islet of $iang $iangIne't to $iang $iang, Tan#unoh, which is largerI then8adingareh Batantampeh the largestC, 8otingduan$ariahriah, and two islands to the northward called


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8anallo. Balunrueh and Batantampeh have #othindierent fresh waterI the former near the low point atthe north end. +rom the ).D. end of $iang $iang a reefruns out. The #earing, from the small hill, over the

watering place of Balunrueh, was 22V. The reef e'tendsto


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handI #ut is nowhere narrower than a mile and a half,and is anything #ut diMcult navigation, so far, in clearweather.

RJan. "th, 18"%.--rrived o )ongi on the


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therefore, safely computed at ;111 persons. Thevillages, with the e'ception of Balammepa, have anaspect of poverty, and the country is ravaged #y thatfrightful scourge the small-po', and likewise some cases

apparently of cholera, from the account given of thecomplaint. ?ear the hill of Bulu Tanna there is a hotspring, and likewise, #y the report of the natives, someslight remains of an old #uilding. 9 regretted much notseeing theseI #ut the natives, with much politeness,#egged me not to go previous to my visit to Boni, asthey would #e answera#le for allowing strangers to seethe country without orders from the chief ra!ah. ll 9 seeand hear convinces me that the a!ah of Boni has great

power over the entire country. n a friendlycommunication with him, therefore, depends our chanceof seeing something of the interior.

RThe inha#itants here are polite, #ut shy and reserved%and the death of the ana of )ongi and the a#sence ofthe a!ah (ooda, her reported successor, have #eenagainst us.

R&th.--)ailing from )ongi a#out G .(., we directed ourcourse for Tan!ong )alanketo. The #reeQe was sti, whichcaused us to use considera#le precaution in sailingamong the shoals. ssisted #y a native ?acdah, #yname *ain ativi, we were ena#led to keep the tortuouschannel, of which otherwise we should have #eenignorant. little farther than the Tanca river is a shoalstretching from the shore, to avoid which we kept8anallo on our lee #ow% this #eing cleared, we graduallylued up, ran #etween two shoals, and passed severalothers.R

CHAPTER VII.

(r. Brookes second visit to )arawak.--The civil war.--


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ideas were written down at the time the impressionswere made, #ut also supplying a distinct picture of theprogress of this novel and amusing civil warfare, anddemonstrating the unwarlike character of the )arawak

Borneons.

Rn army of mi'ed (alays and *yaks was raised toattack the *yak tri#es in re#ellion, and this service wassuccessfully performedI the re#el *yaks were defeated,and most of them have since come over to the ra!ah.Their forces #eing weakened #y desertion, were reportednot to amount to more than G11 or ;11 men, in four orLve forts situated on the riverI and it now remained to

drive them from their last stronghold of resistance. 9twas conLdently asserted #y the ra!ah and (acota, that,were it not for the underhand assistance of the )ultan of)am#as, who had constantly supplied them with foodand ammunition, the insurgents would long since have#een dispersed.

Rt the period in uestion they were said to #e in greatdistress for want of provisionsI and as a force was

collecting to attack them from various uarters, it wasgreatly to #e hoped that the war was verging to atermination. *uring my weeks stay 9 have freuentlyvisited (uda Hassim, and he has likewise #een on #oard%our good understanding knows no interruptionI andthese savage, treacherous, #loodthirsty Borneons areour good friends, with whom we chat and laugh everyevening in familiar converse. 9 Lnd no cause to alter mylast years opinion, that they have few active vicesI #utindolence is the root of their evils.

RSept. 7th.--$ast night 9 received a strange andem#arrassing present, in the shape of a young *yak #oyof Lve years old--a misera#le little prisoner, made duringthis war, from the tri#e of Brong. The gift caused me


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ve'ation, #ecause 9 knew not what to do with the poorinnocentI and yet 9 shrink from the responsi#ility ofadopting him. (y Lrst wish is to return him to his parentsand his tri#eI and if 9 Lnd 9 cannot do this, 9 #elieve it will

#e #ettor to carry him with me than leave him to#ecome the slave of a slave% for should 9 send him #ack,such will pro#a#ly #e his fate. 9 wish the present had#een a calf instead of a child.

R$th.--)itu, my *yak #oy, seems content and happyI and!udging #y his ways, and his fondness for to#acco, hemust #e older than 9 at Lrst supposed. 9n pursuance ofmy desire to restore him to his parents 9 made every

inuiry as to their pro#a#le fateI #ut have learnednothing that leaves me any hope that 9 shall #e a#le todo so. The Brong tri#e having taken part with the re#els,were attacked #y the ra!ahs peopleI and many werekilled and the rest scattered. ino, the Brong, knows notwhether )itus parents are alive or deadI nor, if theformer, whither they have Ped. )upposing my endeavorsto restore the child fail, 9 have resolved to keep him withme, for many reasons. The Lrst is that his future

prospects will #e #etter, and his fate as a freeman at)ingapore happier, than as a slave in BorneoI thesecond, that he can #e made a 8hristian. 9 can easilyprovide for him in some respecta#le household, or takehim to &ngland, as may hereafter #e most advantageousfor himI and at the former place he can always #e madea comforta#le servant with good training. Yet with allthis, 9 cannot disguise from myself that there isresponsi#ility--a heavy moral responsi#ility--attached tothis course, that might #e avoided% #ut then, shoulit #eavoidedU $ooking to the #oys interests--temporal,perhaps, eternal--9 think it ought notI and so, providedalways 9 cannot place him where humanity and naturedictate, 9 will take the responsi#ility, and serve thiswretched and destitute child as far as lies in my power.


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He is cast on my compassionI 9 solemnly accept thechargeI and 9 trust his future life may #ear good fruit andcause me to re!oice at my present decision.

R4ct. 2.--$ying at )arawak, losing valua#le time, #utpending the war diMcult to get awayI for whenever thesu#!ect is mentioned, (uda Hassim #egs me not todesert him !ust as it is coming to a closeI and daily holdsout prospects of the arrival of various *yak tri#es. Thera!ah urged upon me that he was deceived and #etrayed#y the intrigues of angerans, who aimed at alienatinghis countryI and that if 9 left him, he should pro#a#lyhave to remain here for the rest of his life, #eing

resolved to die rather than yield to the un!ust inPuencewhich others were seeking to acuire over himI and heappealed to me that after our friendly communication 9could not, as an &ngliah gentleman, desert him undersuch circumstances. 9 felt that honora#ly 9 could not dosoI and though reluctantly enough, 9 resolved to give himthe aid he askedI--small indeed, #ut of conseuence insuch a petty warfare.

R!.--9 started to !oin (acota at $eda Tanah. t Gh. 61m..(. a pouring rain delayed us some time% and darknesssetting in, rendered our pull a long and verydisagreea#le one. De did not reach $eda Tanah untileleven, when we found the armyin their #oats, and asmall fort they had #uilt on the #ank of the river. 9 movedinto (acotas large #oat, and slept thereI while he, ascommander-in-chief, went #ackward and forward fromone post to another during the night.

R"th.--t $eda Tanah the river divided into two #ranchesIone part running past )iniawan, and the other to theleft--likewise to another point of the mountain-range.#ove )iniawan is )aram#o, a high detached mountain,perhaps 6111 feet in height, with a notch in the center.


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$eda Tanah is a sand and pe##le #ank formed #y the!unction of the two streams, and the country around iswell cleared for this partI while the graves on the right#ank #ear witness to the population of former days. 9t is

represented to have #een a Pourishing place, and theneigh#orhood well inha#ited, until the #reaking out ofthis unhappy war. The situation is delightful, andadvantageously chosen at the conPuence of the twostreams.

R&th.--scended that to the left for a short distance. nthe left hand, !ust a#ove $eda Tanah, is the small creekof )arawak, the original settlement, and from which the

larger river now takes its name. 9 intended to havereturned to-dayI #ut as the weather threatened anotherdeluge, 9 stopped till the following morning. 9t was acurious sight to see the whole army #athe, with thecommander-in-chief at their head, and his angerans.The fare of these people is anything #ut lu'urious, forthey get nothing #ut rice and saltI and they werethankful in proportion for the small supplies of tea,sugar, and #iscuit 9 was a#le to spare them.

R#th.--Euitted $eda Tanah, and reached the oyalist inLve hours, one of which we were delayed #y the way.The river is remarka#ly prettyI #anks cleared of !ungle,with Lne trees, and a view of the mountains. (any partsare e'ceedingly shallowI #ut the natives state there is achannel for a moderate-siQed vessel as far as $edaTanah.R

n (r. Brookes return on #oard the oyalist, he foundhis steward ankin, who had #een lingering some time,still aliveI and a seaman named *aniel, whom he hadleft with a slight fever, suddenly e'pired at ten at nightin a fainting Lt. He writes in his !ournal% R9t is diMcult toallege the immediate cause of his death, which pro#a#ly


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not do more than sketch the #are coast-line. These arestrong and cogent reasons for remaining or a time, ifthe ultimate o#!ect #e attaina#leI and to these may #eadded my own feelings--my reluctance to uit the ra!ah

in the midst of diMculty and distress, and his -ery -erysa acewhenever 9 mention the topic.

Rn the other hand must #e weighed the approach ofthe adverse monsoon, the loss of time, and the failure ofprovisions, which, though #ut lu'uries to gentlemenwhich they can readily dispense with, are neverthelessnecessaries to seamen, without which they getdiscontented, perhaps mutinous. There are good reasons

on #oth sides.

R$th.--9 sent Dilliamson to intimate my approachingdepartureI and when 9 went in the evening the little manhad such a sorrowful countenance that my heart smoteme. Dhen 9 told him 9 would remain if there were theslightest chance of a close to the war, his countenancecleared, and he gaily repeated that my fortune and hiswould #ring this struggle to an end, though others

forsook him. 9 then consented to await the issue a fewdays longer, and to revisit $eda Tanah to ascertain if thenews were true. 9t ran to the eect that the re#els, underthe atingi and Tumangong, are fortiLed at the foot ofthe mountain of )aram#o, on which hill are three *yaktri#es #elow that of )aram#oI over them Bom#akI andon the summit the anin!ow. The Bom#ak and anin!owhave already, in part, !oined (acota, and the )aram#oare to come in as to-day. These three last *yak tri#esdeserting the re#els will leave them surrounded in theirforts, which are commanded #y the rest of the hillI andeverything promises well, if the opportunity #evigorously used. The )ow and the )ingO are in part at$eda Tanah, and more *yaks daily !oining. 9 must pushthe ra!ah on to action, for help from without is not likely


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to come. Yet 9 wish still more to accommodate mattersIand if he would spare the leaders lives, 9 #elieve theywould lay down their arms on my guaranty. But thoughhe does not say that he will kill them, he will listen to no

terms of compromiseI and when 9 rePect that a &uropeanmonarch, in the same circumstances, would act in thesame way--that the laws of my own country wouldcondemn the men for the same oence--9 cannot urgethe su#!ect into a personal matter.

R1#th.--ankins my stewardsC death having #een sometime inevita#le, it was a relief when the event occurred.He was cut o in the Power of manhood, from the eects

of hard drinking, which even his Lne constitution couldnot resist. 9 #uried him near the other man, and had aneat inscription, with the name of the individual, his shipand age, placed over each.

R*ays passed on, #ut not uite unrelieved #y events.nd now 9 may positively state, that the war will #e overin a few days, or not over at all. The Lrst of these eventswas the desertion of the *yaks, and the arrival of their

chiefs with (acota. ?e't arrived 011 8hinese from)am#as, under a very intelligent capitan. a!ah li camene't, #ringing some ourang-outangs headsI then *atu?ara!aI and lastly, angeran Jedut from )are#us, with theinformation that the *yaks of that name, in conseuenceof a war with $inga, would not come here. Thus they notonly refused to come themselves, #ut o#liged the $ingapeople to stay at home to defend their country. To uietthis coast the )are#us should receive a severe lesson.

R17th.--9 had a large party of *yaks on #oard in theevening, viQ. the )ingO, )ow, Bom#ak, and anin!ow, inall a#out Lfteen men and two old chiefs. They ate anddrank, and asked for everything, #ut stole nothing. neman wore a necklace of #eads set with human teeth,


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taken of course in war, which 9 got from him for twoyards of red cloth. nother was ornamented with anecklace of #ears teethI and several had such aprofusion of small white #eads a#out their necks as to

resem#le the voluminous foldings of the old fashionedcravat. s far as 9 could o#serve, they all seemed inearnest a#out attacking )iniawanI and their allegiance tothe ra!ah was as warm now in wordsC as it had #eenheretofore defective in action.

R18th.--roceeded in the long-#oat to $eda Tanah, whichwe reached in three and a half hours pulling, and !ust intime to witness the start of


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tri#e of )utor were dispatched as scoutsI and in a fewhours returned with the welcome intelligence that thedetachment was safe on the top of the mountain, andthat the three tri#es of anin!ow, Bom#ak, and )aram#o,

had Lnally decided on !oining the ra!ah, and surrenderingtheir fortiLed houses. )oon after this news the chiefs ofthe tri#es arrived with a#out


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time, it was resolved that the small stockade at thisplace was to #e picked up, and removed to our newposition, and there erected for the protection of the Peet.9 may here state my motives for #eing a spectator of, or

participator as may turn outC, in this scene. 9n the Lrstplace 9 must confess that curiosity strongly promptedmeI since to witness the (alays, 8hinese, and *yaks inwarfare was so new, that the novelty alone might pleadan e'cuse for this desire. But it was not the only motiveIfor my presence is a stimulus to our own party, and willpro#a#ly depress the other in proportion. 9 look upon thecause of the ra!ah as most !ust and righteous% and thespeedy close of the war would #e rendering a service to

humanity, especially if #rought a#out #y treaty. t anyrate much might #e done to ameliorate the condition ofthe re#els in case of their defeatI for though 9 cannot,perhaps ought not to, save the lives of the three leaders,yet all the others, 9 #elieve, will #e forgiven on a slightintercession. t our arrival, too, 9 had stated that if theywished me to remain, no #ar#arities must #e committedIand especially that the women and children must not #eLred upon. To counter#alance these motives was thedanger, whatever it might amount to, and which did notweigh heavily on my mind. )o much for reasons, which,after all, are poor and weak when we determine on doinganything, #e it right or #e it wrong. =evil #efall, 9 trustthe penalty may #e on me rather than on my followers.

R22.--t daylight the Peet was astirI and in an hour thedefences were cut down, the tim#er, #am#oos, Fc.,formed into rafts ready for transportation, and thestockade, #y #reakfast-time, had as completely vanishedas though it had #een #odily lifted away #y some geniusof the Donderful $amp. &verything was ready for a start,and we waited laQily for the Pood-tideI #ut when it didmake, the usual procrastination ensued, and there wasno move till it was near done. Then, indeed, we


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proceeded up a#out two-thirds of the way, and #roughtup with two good hours daylight, in spite of myremonstrances. ?o place could #e #etter calculated thanwhere we rested for an attack upon #oats% high #anks

covered with grass and trees oered a safe shelter formusketry, against which no return could #e made. Thenight, however, passed away uietly.

R2"th.--*awn found us on the advance to our properposition. thick fog concealed us, and in half an hourthe people were on shore #usy reZrecting our fort, lessthan a mile from two forts of the enemy, #ut concealedfrom them #y a point of the river. ?o opposition was

oered to usI and in a few hours a neat defence wascompleted from the +)risof the former. The ground wascleared of !ungleI piles driven in a suare, a#out Lfteenyards to each faceI and the earth from the center,scooped out and intermi'ed with layers of reeds, washeaped up a#out Lve feet high inside the piles. t thefour corners were small watch-towers, and along theparapet of earth a narrow walk connecting them. 9n thecenter space was a house crowded #y the 8hinese

garrison, a few of whose harmless gingalls were stuck upat the angles to intimidate rather than to wound. Dhilethey l

the expedition to borneo of h.m.s. dido

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