the evolving landscape of library resource management
DESCRIPTION
Marshall Breeding Independent Consultant, Author, Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guides http://www.librarytechnology.org/ http://twitter.com/mbreeding. The evolving landscape of library resource management . June 20 , 2014. e -BUG Conference – Morehead State University. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The evolving landscape of library resource management
Marshall BreedingIndependent Consultant, Author, Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guideshttp://www.librarytechnology.org/http://twitter.com/mbreeding
June 20, 2014e-BUG Conference – Morehead State University
Description Marshall Breeding will provide an overview of the current
state of technologies available to academic libraries for managing and providing access to their collections. He will provide an overview of the models of automation that have shifted away from a focus on print to ones that encompass electronic resources and digital collections. Strategic cooperation has become a central concern, where multi-campus universities, consortia, statewide, or even national library systems are increasingly exploring opportunities to share infrastructure rather than implement local systems. Many of the new platforms are deployed as multi-tenant software as a service. Breeding will discuss these trends and other topics of interest to academic libraries.
Library Technology Guides
www.librarytechnolog
y.org
Library Technology Industry Reports
2014: Strategic Competition and Cooperation
2013: Rush to Innovate 2012: Agents of Change 2011: New Frontier 2010: New Models, Core
Systems 2009: Investing in the Future 2008: Opportunity out of turmoil 2007: An industry redefined 2006: Reshuffling the deck 2005: Gradual evolution 2004: Migration down,
innovation up 2003: The competition heats up 2002: Capturing the migrating
customer
American Libraries Library Journal
Mergers and Acquisitions
Mergers and Acquisitions Detail
Library Systems Report 2014
Library Systems Report 2014 Arabic
Library Systems Report Tables
http://www.americanlibrariesmagazine.org
Personnel Resources 2013
2013 2013 2012
Company Dev SupSales Admin
Other
TotalTotal
EBSCO Information Services 424 869 554 98 862 2807
OCLC 1280 1250Ex Libris 194 222 60 46 14 536 522SirsiDynix 102 170 53 20 40 385 369EOS International 50Follett Software Company 120 164 52 10 15 361
341
Innovative Interfaces, Inc. 103 184 61 55 7 410
341
Serials Solutions 124 63 52 5 11 255 256The Library Corporation 41 93 25 13 27 199 199Polaris Library Systems 27 50 17 3 97 93VTLS 25 35 8 9 77 86Equinox Software 5 7 2 2 2 18 20ByWater Solutions 1 12 2 3 14 13
ILS Industry Contracts (2013)Company Product 200
92010 2011 2012 2013
OCLC WMS 184 163 92Innovative Sierra 206 117 113Ex Libris Alma 8 24 17 31SirsiDynix Symphony - 126 122 104 128Innovative Millennium 45 39 32 30 1TLC Library.Solution 30 43 48 13 17Ex Libris Aleph 47 39 25 26 25VTLS Virtua 18 22 13 14 7Polaris Polaris ILS 33 23 53 30 30Biblionix Apollo 55 87 79 80 87ByWater Solutions
Koha 7 44 54 34 68
PTFS LibLime LibLime Academic Koha
7 5 6
PTFS LibLime LibLime Koha 44 27 37 30Equinox Evergreen 18 15 21 37 12
Development Resources (Dec 2013)Company Dev Sup Sales Admin Other Total
EBSCO Information Services 424 869 554 98 862 2807Ex Libris 194 222 60 46 14 536Follett Software Company 120 164 52 10 15 361Innovative Interfaces, Inc. 103 184 61 55 7 410SirsiDynix Corporation 102 170 53 20 40 385Serials Solutions 124 63 52 5 11 255Axiell 60 63 36 29 31 219The Library Corporation 41 93 25 13 27 199Polaris Library Systems 27 50 17 3 97VTLS Inc. 25 35 8 9 77KohaByWater Solutions 1 12 2 3 14Catalyst IT 3 BibLibre 4 3 Koha Total (estimated) 15PTFS 5 16 3 8 8 155EvergreenEquinox Software 5 7 2 2 2 18
Personnel Growth / Loss
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Ex LibrisSirsiDynix Follett Software CompanyInnovative Inter-faces, Inc.
New-generation Library Management
Appropriate Automation Infrastructure
Current automation products out of step with current realities
Majority of library collection funds spent on electronic content
Majority of automation efforts support print activities
New discovery solutions help with access to e-content
Management of e-content continues with inadequate supporting infrastructure
Strategic shift for Academic Libraries
Collection Shift from Print > Electronic + Digital E-journal transition largely complete Circulation of print collections slowing Large-scale investment in e-books
Technical infrastructure support: Need better tools for access to complex multi-
format collections Strong emphasis on digitizing local collections Demands for enterprise integration and
interoperability
Software as a Service Multi Tennant SaaS is the modern
approach One copy of the code base serves multiple
sites Software functionality delivered entirely
through Web interfaces No workstation clients
Upgrades and fixes deployed universally Usually in small increments
Data as a service SaaS provides opportunity for highly shared
data models Bibliographic knowledgebase: one globally
shared copy that serves all libraries Discovery indexes: article and object-level index
for resource discovery E-resource knowledge bases: shared
authoritative repository of e-journal holdings General opportunity to move away from library-
by-library metadata management to globally shared workflows
Traditional model of Automation Oriented to Print collections Single Library System
Includes branches or divisional facilities Automation strategies often set when
capabilities of automation systems were limited
Institutional solo of collection management
Reconceptualization of Automation Current organization of functionality based on
past assumptions Possible new organizing principles
Fulfillment = Circulation + ILL + DCB + e-commerce
Resource management = Cataloging + Acquisitions + Serials + ERM
Customer Relationship Management = Reference + Circulation + ILL (public services)
Enterprise Resource Planning = Acquisitions + Collection Development
Fragmented Library Management LMS for management of (mostly) print Duplicative financial systems between library and local
government or other parent organization E-book lending platform (multiple?) Interlibrary loan (borrowing and lending) Self-service and AMH infrastructure Electronic Resource Management PC Scheduling and print management Event scheduling Digital Collections Management platforms (CONTENTdm, DigiTool,
etc.) Discovery-layer services for broader access to library collections No effective integration services / interoperability among
disconnected systems, non-aligned metadata schemes
Is the status quo sustainable? ILS for management of (mostly) print Duplicative financial systems between library and campus Electronic Resource Management (non-integrated with ILS) OpenURL Link Resolver w/ knowledge base for access to
full-text electronic articles Digital Collections Management platforms (CONTENTdm,
DigiTool, etc.) Institutional Repositories (DSpace, Fedora, etc.) Discovery-layer services for broader access to library
collections No effective integration services / interoperability among
disconnected systems, non-aligned metadata schemes
Integrated (for print) Library System
Circulation
BIB
Staff Interfaces:
Holding / Items
CircTransact User Vendor Policies$$$
Funds
Cataloging Acquisitions Serials OnlineCatalog
Public Interfaces:
Interfaces
BusinessLogic
DataStores
LMS / ERM: Fragmented Model
Circulation
BIB
Staff Interfaces:
Holding / Items
CircTransactUserVendor Policies$$$
Funds
CatalogingAcquisitionsSerials OnlineCatalog
Public Interfaces:
Application Programming Interfaces`
LicenseManagement
LicenseTerms
E-resourceProcurement
VendorsE-JournalTitles
Protocols: CORE
Common approach for ERM
Circulation
BIB
Staff Interfaces:
Holding / Items
CircTransactUserVendor Policies$$$
Funds
CatalogingAcquisitionsSerials OnlineCatalog
Public Interfaces:
Application Programming Interfaces
Budget License Terms
Titles / Holdings
Vendors
Access Details
Gaps in Automation Almost no systematic automation
support for references and research services Customer Relationship Management?
Resource sharing / Interlibrary loan management
Collection development support
Academic Libraries need a new model of library management
Not an Integrated Library System or Library Management System
The ILS/LMS was designed to help libraries manage print collections
Generally did not evolve to manage electronic collections
Other library automation products evolved: Electronic Resource Management Systems –
OpenURL Link Resolvers – Digital Library Management Systems -- Institutional Repositories
Comprehensive Resource Management No longer sensible to use different software
platforms for managing different types of library materials
ILS + ERM + OpenURL Resolver + Digital Asset management, etc. very inefficient model
Flexible platform capable of managing multiple type of library materials, multiple metadata formats, with appropriate workflows
Support for management of metadata in bulk Continuous lifecycle chain initiated before
publication
Library Services Platform Library-specific software. Designed to help libraries
automate their internal operations, manage collections, fulfillment requests, and deliver services
Services Service oriented architecture Exposes Web services and other API’s Facilitates the services libraries offer to their users
Platform General infrastructure for library automation Consistent with the concept of Platform as a Service Library programmers address the APIs of the platform to
extend functionality, create connections with other systems, dynamically interact with data
Library Services Platform Characteristics
Highly Shared data models Knowledgebase architecture Some may take hybrid approach to accommodate local
data stores Delivered through software as a service
Multi-tenant Unified workflows across formats and media Flexible metadata management
MARC – Dublin Core – VRA – MODS – ONIX Bibframe New structures not yet invented
Open APIs for extensibility and interoperability
Library Services PlatformsCategory WorldShare
Management Services
Alma Intota Sierra Services Platform
Kuali OLE
Responsible Organization
OCLC. Ex Libris Serials Solutions
Innovative Interfaces, Inc
Kuali Foundation
Key precepts Global network-level approach to management and discovery.
Consolidate workflows, unified management: print, electronic, digital; Hybrid data model
Knowledgebase driven. Pure multi-tenant SaaS
Service-oriented architectureTechnology uplift for Millennium ILS. More open source components, consolidated modules and workflows
Manage library resources in a format agnostic approach. Integration into the broader academic enterprise infrastructure
Software model
Proprietary Proprietary
Proprietary Proprietary Open Source
Library Services PlatformsCategory WorldShare
Management Services
Alma Intota Sierra Services Platform
Kuali OLE
Responsible Organization
OCLC. Ex Libris Serials Solutions
Innovative Interfaces, Inc
Kuali Foundation
Key precepts Global network-level approach to management and discovery.
Consolidate workflows, unified management: print, electronic, digital; Hybrid data model
Knowledgebase driven. Pure multi-tenant SaaS
Service-oriented architectureTechnology uplift for Millennium ILS. More open source components, consolidated modules and workflows
Manage library resources in a format agnostic approach. Integration into the broader academic enterprise infrastructure
Software model
Proprietary Proprietary
Proprietary Proprietary Open Source
Consolidated indexUnified Presentation LayerSearch:
Digital Coll
ProQuest
EBSCO…
JSTOR
Other Resour
ces
New Library Management Model
`API Layer
Library Services Platform
LearningManageme
nt
Enterprise ResourcePlanning
StockManageme
nt
Self-Check /
Automated Return
Authentication
Service
Smart Cad /
Payment systems
Discovery
Service
Integrated Library Systems? ILS products continue to evolve Continue to be appropriate for libraries with
active physical collections Public Libraries
Development trajectory must include Integration of e-book lending Service-oriented architecture Improved support for non-print materials
Evolved ILS will eventually resemble library services platforms
Development ScheduleWorldShare Management Services
Alma Intota Sierra Services Platform
Kuali OLE
General Release in July 2011~200 now in productionFirst ARL member in production in June 2014
329 libraries have signed for Alma. Over 200 in production
Libraries in production by 2015
336 contracts completed, many libraries in production (~250?)
Version 1.0 released Dec 2013Version 2.0 underwaySummer 2014 implementations planned byUniversity of Chicago and Lehigh University
New Metadata management WorkFlows
Moving away from individual record-by-record creation Life cycle of metadata
Metadata follows the supply chain, improved and enhanced along the way as needed
Manage metadata in bulk when possible E-book collections
Highly shared metadata E-journal knowledge bases, e.g.
Great interest in moving toward semantic web and open linked data Path emerging for linked data in resource management and
discovery systems AACR2 > RDA MARC > BIBFRAME (http://bibframe.org/)
Metadata Management MARC-based cataloging prospects
Library collections shifting to electronic and digital
Many components of collections appropriately described with other formats: Dublin Core, VRA,
RDA Resource Description and Access
http://www.loc.gov/aba/rda/ Major change relative to resources
devoted to transition Minor impact relative to operational and
strategic use of metadata
BIBFRAME Emerged from the Initiative for Bibliographic
Transformation of the Library of Congress http://www.loc.gov/bibframe/ bibframe.org
Replacement for MARC (Machine Readable Cataloging), but broader in scope
Encoded using RDF (Resource Description Framework)
Major departure from MARC Today more conceptual than operational
New Technical processing workflows Demand-driven acquisitions Managing records in bulk Personnel Resources distributed among
acquiring and describing electronic, print, and digital resources Resource allocation should be loosely
proportionate to collection budgets and high-level strategies
New systems provide more flexibility to handle multiple families of metadata
Progress on Resource Discovery
Online Catalog
Books, Journals, and Media at the Title Level
Not in scope: Articles Book Chapters Digital objects Web site content Etc.
Scope of SearchSearch:
Search Results
ILS Data
Web-scale Index-based DiscoverySearch:
Digital Collections
Web Site Content
Institutional
Repositories
…E-Journals
Reference Sources
Search Results
Pre-built harvesting and indexing
Consolidated Index
ILS Data
Aggregated Content packages
(2009- present)
Usage-generate
dData
Customer
Profile
Open Access
Bento Box Discovery ModelSearch:
Digital Collections
Web Site Content
Institutional
Repositories
E-JournalsSearch Results
Pre-built harvesting and indexing
Consolidated IndexILS Data
Aggregated Content packages
Open AccessVuFind /
Blacklight
TrendDemise of the local catalog
Many library services platforms do not include the concept of an online catalog dedicated to local physical inventory
Designed for discovery services as public-facing interface
Implication: Discovery service must incorporate detailed functionality for local materials and related services
Trend
Tendency toward re-alignment with
management systems Alma + Primo / Primo Central Sierra + Encore WorldCat Local + WorldShare
Management Services Intota + Summon
Convergence Discovery and Management solutions will
increasingly be implemented as matched sets Ex Libris: Primo + Primo Central <->Alma ProQuest: Summon <-> Intota OCLC: WorldCat Discovery Service <-> WorldShare
Platform Except: Kuali OLE, EBSCO Discovery Service
Both depend on an ecosystem of interrelated knowledge bases
API’s exposed to mix and match, but efficiencies and synergies are lost
TrendContent providers cooperate with
discovery service providers for indexing in Web-scale services
New content partnerships continue to be announced
Web-scale discovery service providers assert that most scholarship in English now well covered and are now focusing on international and specialized resources
Development and Deployment Strategies
Open source and Open Access Open source development of platform
services Open source infrastructure components Open APIs to expose platform services Knowledge base components
Open access Community maintained Adequately resourced
Open Source Integrated Library Systems
Alternative model of library systems development Koha Evergreen Kuali OLE
Open Systems Achieving openness has risen as the key
driver behind library technology strategies Libraries need to do more with their data Ability to improve customer experience and
operational efficiencies Demand for Interoperability Open source – full access to internal
program of the application Open API’s – expose programmatic
interfaces to data and functionality
Traditional Proprietary Commercial ILS Aleph, Voyager, Millennium, Symphony, Polaris, BOOK-IT, DDELibra, Libra.se LIBERO, Amlib, Spydus, TOTALS II, Talis Alto, OpenGalaxy
Traditional Open Source ILS Evergreen, Koha
New generation Library Services Platforms Ex Libris Alma Kuali OLE (Enterprise, not cloud) OCLC WorldShare Management Services, Serials Solutions Intota Innovative Interfaces Sierra (evolving)
Competing Models of Library Automation
Library Automation in the Cloud Almost all library automation vendors offer
some form of “cloud-based” services Server management moves from library to
Vendor Subscription-based business model Comprehensive annual subscription
payment Offsets local server purchase and maintenance Offsets some local technology support
Leveraging the Cloud Moving legacy systems to hosted
services provides some savings to individual institutions but does not result in dramatic transformation
Globally shared data and metadata models have the potential to achieve new levels of operational efficiencies and more powerful discovery and automation scenarios that improve the position of libraries overall.
Development / Deployment perspective
Beginning of a new cycle of transition Over the course of the next decade,
academic libraries will replace their current legacy products with new platforms
Not just a change of technology but a substantial change in the ways that libraries manage their resources and deliver their services
Changing models of Resource Sharing
Progressive consolidation of library services
Centralization of technical infrastructure of multiple libraries within a campus
Resource sharing support Direct borrowing among partner institutions
Shared infrastructure between institutions Examples: 2CUL (Columbia University /
Cornell University) Orbis Cascade Alliance (37 independent
colleges and universities to merge into shared LSP)
BibliographicDatabase
Library System
Branch 1
Branch 2
Branch 3
Branch 4
Branch 5
Branch 6
Branch 7
Branch 8
Holdings
Main Facility
Search:
Integrated Library System
Patrons useCirculation featuresto request itemsfrom other branches
Floating Collectionsmay reduce workload forInter-branchtransfers
Model:Multi-branchIndependentLibrary System
Library Consortia Groups of libraries want to work together
to share an automation system Number of participants limited by the
perceived capacities of the automation system
Shared Infrastructure Common discovery
Retention of local automation systems Technical complex with moderate
operational benefits Common discovery + Resource
Management Systems Shared Resource management with local
discovery options
BibliographicDatabase
Shared Consortia System
Library 2
Library 3
Library 4
Library 5
Library 7
Library 8
Library 9
Library 10
Holdings
Library 1 Library 6
Shared Consortial ILS
Search:
Model:Multipleindependentlibraries in aConsortiumShare an ILS
ILS configuredTo supportDirect consortialBorrowing throughCirculation Module
Progressive consolidation of library services
Centralization of technical infrastructure of multiple libraries within a campus
Resource sharing support Direct borrowing among partner institutions
Shared infrastructure between institutions Examples: 2CUL (Columbia University /
Cornell University) Orbis Cascade Alliance (37 independent
colleges and universities to merge into shared LSP)
2CUL
Shared Services:Collection DevelopmentTechnical Services
Shared Infrastructure?:
Orbis Cascade Alliance 37 Academic Libraries Combined enrollment of 258,000 9 million titles 1997: implemented dual INN-Reach
systems Orbis and Cascade consortia merged in
2003 Currently working on implementation of
shared system
Iceland Libraries
Chile
Norway: BIBSYS Provides automation services for:
National Library of Norway 105 Academic and Special Libraries
History of local system development Originally selected WorldShare Platform for
new generation system development (Nov 2010) and later withdrew (Oct 2012)
Primo implemented for Discovery (May 2013) Alma selected for new shared infrastructure
(Jan 2014)
Questions and discussion