The Evolution of FRMAC:Focusing on the FutureColleen OLaughlinFRMAC Program ManagerNational Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

2010 National REP ConferenceChicago, Illinois

25 Years of PartnershipOffsite Radiological Emergency PreparednessThree Mile Island Nuclear Power Plant in March 1979President and Congress directed the impacted federal agencies to develop a plan to provide for an integrated federal response to radiological emergencies1980 Federal guidelines compel establishing the FRERP and ultimately the Federal Radiological Monitoring and Assessment Center (FRMAC) FFE-1: 1984 First FRMAC Exercise at St. Lucie NPP, Marks the beginning of Radiological Emergency Preparedness Partnership

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25 Years of PartnershipOffsite Radiological Emergency PreparednessFRMAC focus expands from its roots with nuclear power plant incidents to include:Accidents involving major radiological sources on spacecraftDetonation of a Radiological Dispersal Device (RDD)Detonation of an Improvised Nuclear Device (IND)

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25 Years of PartnershipOffsite Radiological Emergency PreparednessRapid response always a driving factor Reach back to Home Teams for early modeling and assessment support:NARAC dispersion modelingCMHT data assessmentREAC/TS medical assessmentPhased response teams to place monitoring assistance on the ground as soon as needed

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25 Years of PartnershipOffsite Radiological Emergency PreparednessFRMAC Response Team; improving assistance through exercising with State and local agencies Don Van Etten, RSL NevadaAdvancing Dispersion Modeling for early protective actions John Nasstrom, NARACAssessing Avoidable Doses Tom Laiche, SNL

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Evolution of Consequence Management Response TeamsPresented ByDon Van EttenFRMAC ProgramsRemote Sensing Laboratory (RSL), NevadaNational Security Technologies (NSTec)

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Deployment (early 1990s)An Advance Party4-10 hours after eventPlanning, preparation

FRMAC Arrives24-36 hours after eventAll Federal Assets100 plus respondersEvent driven and directedExercise Lessons LearnedNeed faster response time to establish an operating FRMAC

A DOE Phased Approach (CMRT I)A small Response Team with the Advance Party 15 persons for planning and set-upField Team Assets to begin collecting data To integrate with responders on sceneEquipment, command and control to begin coordination of all Federal Assets as they arrive Equipment is rapidly deployable and can even be carried commercial air as check baggageFour hours Wheels Up from Las Vegas, NVDeployment (circa 1999)

A Phased Approach (CMRT II)45 additional respondersIntegrating with other State / Federal Assets on scene12 hours Wheels Up from Las Vegas, NVEnough people & equipment to operate multiple shiftsFRMAC Operational at 24 hoursWith the inclusion of other Federal AssetsBetter coordination of oncoming assetsDeployment (circa 1999)

CMRT I evolves to better support the eventPersonnel component doubles to support multiple shiftsImplementation of NIMS and the Incident Command SystemCMHT is born to better support planning and preparationAugmentation is bornA pool of trained responders from DOE and other federal agencies to be deployed based on the severity of the eventDeployment (circa 2005)

*Duty ManagerHome Team Support Specialists (Bridge Line Coordinators)GIS ScientistAssessment ScientistPosition filled by scientists from the National LabsRSL scientist to assist in-houseData Management TechnicianNARAC Support PersonnelpaperlessFRMAC AdministratorCM Home TeamMission: Support incident while CMRT is en routeOngoing reachback support to DOE as well as federal, state, local and tribal requestsActivation: Immediate (during duty hours)2 hours (off duty)

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*AssessmentData assessment and map productsAssessment Scientists provide support to State personnel via BridgelineAMS ReachbackMission support and data analysisCMwebProvides access to maps and other data productsRAMS databaseAllows responders to report field data related to radiation in real time to CMHTHouses all data generated by or received by FRMACBridge lineMonitored conference lines available 24/7 during an eventProvides state and local responders with access to assessment scientists and agencies such as EPA, NRC, CDC for guidanceCMHT Capabilities

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*AMS On-Call ResponseGoal:Get data from large area quicklyMethod: Fly high and fastBeech King Air B-200 Twin-engine turbo propIFR (all weather) rated260 knots (300 mph)Range 1,130 nm (1,300 sm)Max Endurance 5 hrs (without refueling)Avg. post-flight data processing time: 1 hourData Products: Breadcrumb overlay plotReal-time data telemetry

Two, 4-person on-call response teams (RSL-Nellis and RSL-Andrews)24 / 7 duty2-hour recall, 4-hours wheels up

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*Fixed-Wing Response Range

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*Trained responders - 25Equipment 3,500 poundsOperations 24 hours (for limited time)Initial capabilitiesAssessmentGeographical Information SystemsHealth & SafetyMonitoring & SamplingFive field teamsLogisticsCM Response Team I (CMRT I)Mission: Initial field element of FRMACActivation: 4 hours following notification

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*Additional responders 3824-hour/day operation for several weeksAugmented monitoring, sampling and assessmentAdditional equipment 25,000 lbs.20 field teamsLaboratory AnalysisSample receiptPrepare samples for transport to labsTraining for additional respondersMission: Complete CMRT staffing for full 24-hour operationsActivation: 12 hours following notificationCM Response Team II (CMRT II)

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FRMAC Data Collection and ProductsFRMAC monitoring and sampling data captured via pFRMAC tablet systemRAP early data collection and satellite transmission to CMHT/CMRTDOE provided software to allow other response agencies data collection and transmissions via InternetData managed via RAMS databaseServers satellite linked between CMHT and CMRTOutputs directly to NARAC, EPA, and FRMAC GIS to generate productsSupports goal of delivering products to decision makers faster

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*Paperless FRMACpFRMAC Components:CM Tablets-- CollectionMPCDs-- TransmissionRAMS, LIMS-- StorageProvides timely and defensible data for analysis and archival

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City

Skyscraper

*Optimize response for wide range of incidentsSupport geographically distributed incidents (e.g., IND)Forward field teamsMore home team support (numbers of people and skill sets)Core FRMAC in central, yet safe, locationFormalize augmentation and reach out to additional organizations (NRC, CST, some reference to locals trained to support NPP accidents)Further Refinement of Phased Approach

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*FRMAC AugmentationDOE Augments CMRT I & II and is staffed through the national laboratories and the RAP regions Augmentation from other Federal Agencies Supports larger and extended operations and allows for people to be rotated outRegionally deployed to the affected area

*AMS Radiological Mapping OverviewGoal:Get more detailed dataMethod: Fly low and slowBell-412Twin-Pac turboshaft engineIFR (all weather) rated120 knots (140 mph)Range 360 nm (410 m)Max Endurance 3 hrs (without refueling)Eight person crew: Flight CrewPilot (2)Electronics Tech (1)Ground CrewMission ScientistData ScientistData TechnicianElectronics Tech (1)Helicopter Mechanic

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FRMAC and NARAC Advances in Data/Model Products and Web AccessThis work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.

Presented ByJohn Nasstrom, PhDNational Atmospheric Release Advisory CenterLawrence Livermore National Laboratory

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Outline of this presentationpaperlessFRMAC advances in processing of measurement data to update NARAC model predictions

Briefing versions of data/model products

CMweb: Unified distribution of FRMAC and NARAC model and data products

NARAC Plume Model Predictions Modeling and Monitoring in aCoupled, Cyclical Process

Field Measurement Processing and AnalysisCapabilities Reduce the Delivery Time forData-Model Products of Projected Dose1000 Data Points with Model Simulation Contours

Briefing Products Have Been Developed to Help Communicate Actionable Information toDecision Makers for Radiological Incidents

The Homeland Security Council requested that IMAAC and FRMAC produce hazard area maps and explanations so that State and local officials can be briefed effectivelyCharacteristics of briefing products:Explain possible actions, like sheltering and evacuation, that need to be considered and why Communicate protective action guides in plain, non-technical languageProducts intended to help subject matter experts brief decision-making officialsDOE and DHS supported the projectHarvey Clark (DOE/RSL) and Kevin Foster (LLNL) led the effortSoftware automatically produces PowerPoint versions of briefing products

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Automated Report: ExerciseAlbany, NYRDD Explosion at 09 Sep 2009 18:00 UTCNotes: Promptness of evacuation and/or sheltering reduces radiation dose and cancer risk. Sheltering-in-place can be more protective than evacuation while radioactive cloud is present. Radiation dose predicted for maximally exposed individuals and includes both dose from contaminated air, plus dose from ground contamination over four days. Protective actions are only based on dose that can be avoided. Prediction does not include dose received before 9 Sep 2009 19:00 UTC.Assumptions: Areas shown are model predictions based on an estimated source term but no measurements. Plume Phase - Radioactive cloud may still be present or imminent. Four days exposure to both airborne and ground contamination.Development/EVENT_15804/ws_0/prodexec_9/testExample Briefing ProductPredicted Evacuation and ShelteringAreas Based on EPA/DHS Guides

Applicable within first hours/days while radioactive cloud is present

Key points communicate important considerations from protective actionsAutomated Report: TestingAlbany, NYRDD Explosion at 09 Sep 2009 18:00 UTCKey PointsProtective actions are based on dose that can be avoided.Areas shown do not include dose received before 9 Sep 2009 19:00 UTC.Greatest hazard is due to exposure to the radioactive cloud. Evacuation before radioactive cloud is present is best, but avoid evacuation in the radioactive cloud.Radioactive cloud is expected to clear the contoured areas by 9 Sep 2009 20:45 UTC.Sheltering-in-place may be preferable to evacuation in some situations:If radioactive cloud is present or its arrival is imminent,For certain populations needing special consideration (hospitals/nursing homes, prisoners, elderly...),Other hazards are present which complicate or impede evacuation (severe weather, competing disasters...).Sheltering followed by delayed evacuation may be best if radioactive decay is very rapid.Predicted dose is accumulated over 4 days (9 Sep 2009 19:00 UTC to 13 Sep 2009 19:00 UTC).Predicted dose assumes individuals are unsheltered and unprotected.Use the "Radioactive Cloud has Passed" map after radioactive cloud passes.Development/EVENT_15804/ws_0/prodexec_9/testPredicted Evacuation and Sheltering AreasBased on EPA/DHS Guides

Applicable within first hours/days while radioactive cloud is present

Automated Report: TestingAlbany, NYRDD Explosion at 09 Sep 2009 18:00 UTCPresenter Notes - Additional InformationPAG - Protective Action Guideline, projected dose at which a specific protective action to reduce or avoid that dose is warranted.Protective actions are based only on dose that can be avoided, not dose acquired prior to implementation of the protective action.Areas shown do not include dose received before 9 Sep 2009 19:00 UTC.Areas shown are model predictions based on an estimated source term but no measurements.Reduce radiation exposure to minimize long-term cancer risk. Evacuation and sheltering reduce radiation exposure.Exposure to the radioactive cloud presents the greatest hazard, because dose results from radiation by the cloud, inhalation of radioactivity, plus radiation from contamination on the ground.Completion of evacuation before plume arrival is best. Evacuation in radioactive cloud may result in more dose than sheltering until it passes. Evacuees in cloud should cover mouth & nose with available filter materials.Evacuation and shelter guidance based on EPA/DHS Early Phase guidelines"Evacuation (or, for some situations, sheltering) should normally be initiated at 1 rem.""Sheltering may be the preferred protective action when it will provide protection equal to or greater than evacuation, based on consideration of factors such as source term characteristics, and temporal or other site-specific conditions.""Because of the higher risk associated with evacuation of some special groups in the population (e.g. those who are not readily mobile), sheltering may be the preferred alternative for such groups as a protective action at projected doses up to 5 rem.""Under unusually hazardous environmental conditions use of sheltering at projected doses up to 5 rem to the general population (and up to 10 rem to special groups) may become justified."Sheltering followed by delayed evacuation may be best if radioactive decay is very rapid (e.g. radioiodine or nuclear detonation).Radioactive cloud expected to clear contoured area by 11 Sep 2009 02:45 UTC.A different map, based only on the radioactivity deposited and excluding the radioactive cloud, must be used after the radioactive cloud has passed.Presenter Notes - Technical BackgroundGuidance based on EPA and DHS PAGs, as given in:"Manual of Protective Action Guides and Protective Actions for Nuclear Incidents", (EPA 400-R-92-001, May 1992)."Protective Action Guides for Radiological Dispersal Device (RDD) and Improvised Nuclear Device (IND) Incidents", (Federal Register, Vol. 71, No. 1, Jan. 3, 2006, pg 174)."The PAG for evacuation (or, as an alternative in certain cases, sheltering) is expressed in terms of the projected sum of the effective dose equivalent from external radiation and the committed effective dose equivalent incurred from inhalation of radioactive materials from exposure and intake during the early phase."Predicted dose is known as Total Effective Dose Equivalent (TEDE) and includes the following:External irradiation by the radioactive cloud plus inhalation of the contaminated air as it passes,Also includes external irradiation by ground contamination, plus dose due to radioactivity taken into the body by inhalation of contaminated dust (resuspension).Predicted dose is accumulated over 4 days (9 Sep 2009 19:00 UTC to 13Sep 2009 19:00 UTC).Predicted dose assumes maximum possible exposures, but only considers dose that can be avoided by protective actions. Doses received prior to this point in time are not considered.Radioactive contamination is expected outside the contoured areas, but not at levels expected to exceed federal guidelines for evacuation and sheltering based on current information.Additional technical and background information is provided in the Consequence Report containing the detailed, technical version of this calculation.Briefing Products are intended for presenting a common operating picture to key leaders and decision makers. Other more technical products are available (Standard Products).Contact the FRPCC Subcommittee for Environment, Food and Health (Advisory Team) for advice and recommendations. Available by calling the CDC Emergency Operations Center (EOC) at 770-488-7100.Briefing Product for Public OfficialsCurrent: 30 Sep 2009 14:51 UTCCheck for updates page 3 of 3Development/EVENT_15804/ws_0/prodexec_9/testBackground information notes are provided for briefersPredicted Evacuation and Sheltering AreasBased on EPA/DHS Guides

Applicable within first hours/days while radioactive cloud is present

Access to Model/Data Products fromFRMAC, NARAC/IMAAC and CMHTHas Been Unified under CMwebLinks to public information and documents on FRMAC and other DOE Emergency Response assetsLogin to secure, password-controlled site for restricted information, including exercise and response data products from FRMAC, NARAC and IMAACSame user name and password for CMweb, NARAC Web and IMAAC Web

https://cmweb.llnl.gov

FRMAC/AMS Measurement Surveys and NARAC Model Predictions are Availableon a Single CMweb SiteFRMAC and AMS Measurement Survey MapsNARAC Model Predictions

CMweb Home Page Provides Links toTake You Quickly to FRMAC, AMSand NARAC Products

Links to Meeting Notes, Documents, in addition to Event and Exercise Folders. Access to all information is controlled, so though all users may see these links, only those with need to know will have access to their informationNotifications that new products or information are available Guides and reference material

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Standard IMAAC/NARAC Technical ProductsStandard products designed for use by staff having technical backgroundAssumes familiarity with dose-response relationships, health effects and dispersion modeling concepts as applied to emergency responseAssumes previous training in application and interpretation of products

For Each Exercise or Event There Will Be a Folder Under CMweb EventsThis folder will contain the most recent Version of each FRMAC product and each Briefing Product

Additional InformationJohn Nasstrom and Brenda Pobanz

This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory P. O. Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551

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Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.

The Future of FRMAC Assessment Presented ByThomas Laiche, CHPNuclear Incident Response ProgramsSandia National Laboratories

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The Future of FRMAC AssessmentAssessment DivisionHighly trained Health Physics professionalsAnalyzes radiological conditionsInterprets dataPerforms complex radiation protection calculationsActs as a Liaison to internal and external entitiesEssential part of Response and Home Teams

*The Future of FRMAC AssessmentAssessment Division The PastStarted with a handful of Health Physics professionalsTraining was via a Mentoring/Protg processStarted with a very Limited number of ResourcesMade Simplifying Assumptions in Assessment Methods to enable Hand Calculations

The Future of FRMAC AssessmentThe Future of FRMAC Assessment Assessment Interacts WithEvery FRMAC Element!

The Future of FRMAC AssessmentImprovements and Advancements to AssessmentTrainingStaffing/AssignmentsResponsibilitiesMethod ImprovementsCalculation ToolsAvailability

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The Future of FRMAC AssessmentTraining, Training, TrainingAssessment has a very structured set of initial and retraining requirementsInitial training on calculation tools (4 days)Initial training on roles & responsibilities followed by a Capstone drill (3 days)Continuing training via online problems and presentations (~1/qtr)3 year requalification required

The Future of FRMAC AssessmentStaffing & AssignmentsCore group of qualified Assessment Scientists from all the national labs available for Response and Home TeamsDeveloping an Augmentation phase of trained Assessment Scientists to support long-term responseDeveloping training for the Assessment Manager positionAssignment of duties clarified and follow the ICS principles as described in the following slide

Assessment InteractionsPrimary ResponsibilitiesSecondary ResponsibilitiesCalculations PerformedA-Team /Federal AssetsProviding PAG information, Dose Models, Advanced Parameters, Time Phases (t1), etc.Integrate Federal assets into assessment responseHealth and Safety Assisting with determining Dose Limits, Respirator Use, Shift TimesRe-entry PlansWorker Protection (Turn back/Stay time)Monitoring and Sampling Assisting with development of Sampling PlansData ReviewResuspensionLaboratory Analysis Providing Analysis Parameters such as analysis type, Analysis RequestsMDAs, ResuspensionGIS/NARAC Providing data for appropriate map and briefing productsData Products, CM WebRAMS/pFRMACReviewing data and assuring correct data is inputData Approval, Action Item Tracking, CM WebHome TeamRequesting assistance with radiological issues, data interpretation, etc.CalculationsAny DRLs, Worker Protection (Turn back/Stay time), Resuspension, MDAsState/Local/TribalIntegrating State/Local/Tribal Assessment assets into responseCalculationsAny DRLs, Worker Protection (Turn back/Stay time), Resuspension, MDAs

The Future of FRMAC AssessmentMethod ImprovementsOld Method

New Method

The Future of FRMAC AssessmentCalculation ToolsOld Method

The Future of FRMAC AssessmentCalculation ToolsNew Method

The Future of FRMAC Assessment How to Reach AssessmentFRMAC Assessment is available via Home Team, 24/7. (Initial response within 1 hour during normal work hours and 2 hours during off hours)Initial calculations can be ready within minutes of response

Limited field activity until FRMAC on sceneLimited coordination of assets in field *Additional Federal Assets also deploying and arriving during this timeOperating FRMAC at about 24 hours* On Call Response uses a fixed-wing aircraft system designed to produce rapid results for the decision makers dealing with evacuation and shelter-in-place issues related to high radioactivity levels (areas where the natural background radiation can be ignored). An On-Call Response mission deploys a 4-person team: two pilots, one scientist and one technician with no ground support team.Provides plume tracking, radiation exposure rate surveys, and radiation deposition mapping over large areas around an accident or incident scene.The results from these systems can be quickly presented as maps or images.

* Does not include time between notification and wheels up. Includes flight time to incident location, data collection time, and analysis time. Fixed wing only. Helo does not apply nationwide. Flight times are approximate. CBP P-3 flies faster so times would be slightly shorter.*Ability for 5 M&S teams (if integrated)1 in situ (HPGe)H&S for workersProvidescoordination with other agenciesinitial monitoring and assessmentinitial characterization of situationmonitoring and assessment planningpreparation for follow-on assetsIntegrates RAP, state, and local respondersRequires follow-on support (CMRT Phase II) for 24-hour operation

*Ability for 20 M&S teams (if integrated), more with additional equipment from other agenciesIntegrates RAP, state, and local respondersProvides base structure for rolling into multi-agency FRMAC*RAMSRadiological Assessment and Monitoring System. Data base on which all FRMAC data is accumulated, displayed, manipulated and dispensed.Data TabletsUsers interface with pFRMAC. Communicates via wireless Ethernet to the MPCD. Small and light enough to be hand carried. Used in vicinity of the MPCD.MPCD (aka Hermes). Multi-Path Communication Device. Much larger than a Data Tablet. Mounted on a users vehicle. Provides long-distance telemetry links back to RAMS.LIMSLaboratory Incident Management System. Database containing laboratory control and sample data.**Need note info here, would like to get a hold of Robbs stuff from Program Review

Define where from betterRadiological Mapping uses a helicopter-based system to obtain dispersed radiation measurements closer to the natural background levels (low activity areas) needed to assess crop ingestion issues and to characterize the affected area for future remediation. Radiological Mapping mission deploys a 6-7 person team: two pilots, one scientist, one data analyst, 1 or 2 technicians and an aircraft mechanic. Typically, only the two pilots and one of the radiation technicians will fly in the helicopter. Dependent on the equipment load, the helicopter can transport up 9 persons (without equipment), but typically has a crew of three.

**Examples from TOPOFF2 exercise, in which NARAC worked closely with interagency teams as part of the Federal Radiological Monitoring and Assessment Center (FRMAC)

*In an effort to make reaching Nuclear/Radiological Consequence Management products more convenient for all, the FRMAC Web and the NARAC Web have come together to make the CMweb. All consequence management products, whether generated by the FRMAC or by NARAC will be available on this one web site (cmweb.llnl.gov).If you already have a NARAC Web (or IMAAC Web) account, that same login and password will work on the new CMweb. If you have a FRMAC Web account only, you will need to reapply for an account by going to cmweb.llnl.gov and clicking on the account request link under the login box. Your account will verified by the FRMAC administrators, and a new CMweb account grantedUsername and password for CMweb are the same as IMAAC Web and NARAC WebLook and feel will be same as for NARAC/IMAAC WebUsers will be able to access same information via CMweb or IMAAC Web or NARAC WebCMweb home page will be customized to allow quick access to FRMAC/NARAC products New Home Pages make it possible to upload, organize and easily access group-specific information All the same information is accessible through both NARAC Web and CMweb (and IMAAC Web) entry points (if authorized) Web 2.0 user interface more efficient and intuitive Several new features added in CMweb 2.0:Email notifications of shared Folder, Book, Web Log or NARAC run will have a web link that takes you directly there (after login)Old Notifications dont go awayRecent Activity shows all Folders, Books, Web Logs and NARAC runs that have been shared with you for the last several daysWeb Group Coordinators will get an email message with Approve/Not Approve links for new accountsSearch will search for Folder, Book, and Web Log titles in addition to NARAC run names

After logging in you will have access to additional information Event (exercise/incident) information and model/data products Messages with links to new information that has been shared with you User guides Working group meeting notes Manuals, documents etc.

Explain that new symbols will be used during the presentation. Refer to symbol cross-walk.*