the european office building s.h. liem, a.h.c. van paassen m.verwaal, h.f. broekhuizen delft, april...

The European Office Building

S.H. Liem, A.H.C. van Paassen M.Verwaal, H.F. Broekhuizen

Delft, April 1998

S.H. Liem, A.H.C. van Paassen M.Verwaal, H.F. Broekhuizen

Delft, April 1998

NatVent

Presentation Presentation of the buildingof the building

Monitoring Monitoring set-upset-up

Major Major findingsfindings

The European The European Office BuildingOffice Building

More More information...information...

Back to Back to “Select a “Select a building”building”

Monitoring Monitoring resultsresults

The summer The summer monitoringmonitoring

The winter The winter monitoringmonitoring

NatVent




The European The European Patent BuildingPatent Building






The European Patent Building was built in 1972 by Ir. R.D. Bleeker.

The building consists of a square main building of four floors with a rectangular tower of 86 m (25 floors) height.

The office rooms (3.5 * 5.5 * 2.75 m) are located around the periphery of the whole main building and the tower.

A fix concrete band of 0.6 m width with three slits in it, protracting 0.9 m from the façade, functions as a very effective solar shading device.

The European Patent Building was built in 1972 by Ir. R.D. Bleeker.

The building consists of a square main building of four floors with a rectangular tower of 86 m (25 floors) height.

The office rooms (3.5 * 5.5 * 2.75 m) are located around the periphery of the whole main building and the tower.

A fix concrete band of 0.6 m width with three slits in it, protracting 0.9 m from the façade, functions as a very effective solar shading device.

The public rooms in the main building are fully air conditioned.

The toilets and lifts are all mechanically ventilated.

The office rooms are naturally ventilated with two upper (0.35*0.70 m) and two lower (1.20*0.70 m) vent windows and a cord operated trickle vent above the lower view window (1.20 * 1.80 m).

The public rooms in the main building are fully air conditioned.

The toilets and lifts are all mechanically ventilated.

The office rooms are naturally ventilated with two upper (0.35*0.70 m) and two lower (1.20*0.70 m) vent windows and a cord operated trickle vent above the lower view window (1.20 * 1.80 m).

Building presentation Building presentation (1...) Technical specificationsTechnical specifications

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Building presentation Building presentation (2...) Inside view - 1Inside view - 1

With the four vent windows fully open the ratio vent opening to net floor area is approximately 5.6%.

Simulations performed by TU Delft in the framework of the NatVent™ project showed that 2% is sufficient (in the case of cross-ventilation).

With the four vent windows fully open the ratio vent opening to net floor area is approximately 5.6%.

Simulations performed by TU Delft in the framework of the NatVent™ project showed that 2% is sufficient (in the case of cross-ventilation).

Trickle Trickle ventvent

Trickle Trickle ventvent

Four Four openable openable windowswindows

Four Four openable openable windowswindows

Fixed solar shading in Fixed solar shading in front of the windowsfront of the windows

Fixed solar shading in Fixed solar shading in front of the windowsfront of the windows

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Building presentation Building presentation (2...) External view - 1External view - 1

Outside view of the fixed Outside view of the fixed solar shadingsolar shading

Outside view of the fixed Outside view of the fixed solar shadingsolar shading

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Building presentation Building presentation (3...) Inside view - 2Inside view - 2

View from a room into a corridor:

• Although the tables are full with loose documents during the hot summer weeks the windows and the doors to the corridors are left open to cross ventilate the rooms in warm weather.

• View into the corridor. The air flow in the corridor is very high as can be seen by fluttering papers on the notice board, but it does not seem to bother the occupants. There is no vertical air movement from floor to floor via the stairwell because the staircase is closed off by heavy doors.

View from a room into a corridor:

• Although the tables are full with loose documents during the hot summer weeks the windows and the doors to the corridors are left open to cross ventilate the rooms in warm weather.

• View into the corridor. The air flow in the corridor is very high as can be seen by fluttering papers on the notice board, but it does not seem to bother the occupants. There is no vertical air movement from floor to floor via the stairwell because the staircase is closed off by heavy doors.

Position of the global temperature sensors

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Building presentation (4|) building concept

Thermal summer comfort: Overheating is avoided by: reduction of the solar gains:

All building façades have a fixed solar shading. the use of intensive night ventilation:

By opening the windows the thermal mass of the building (heavy internal walls) can be cooled down. The intensive ventilation is based on cross ventilation (when the internal doors are open). The cooling effect of the intensive ventilation is used at night and during the day, (when the Text < Tint).

The indoor air quality during the office hours in winter and summer time is controlled by the occupants who use the trickle vent and the windows.

Thermal summer comfort: Overheating is avoided by: reduction of the solar gains:

All building façades have a fixed solar shading. the use of intensive night ventilation:

By opening the windows the thermal mass of the building (heavy internal walls) can be cooled down. The intensive ventilation is based on cross ventilation (when the internal doors are open). The cooling effect of the intensive ventilation is used at night and during the day, (when the Text < Tint).

The indoor air quality during the office hours in winter and summer time is controlled by the occupants who use the trickle vent and the windows.

Office SW Office NECorridor

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W

N

E

S

35 25

T0

T5T4

T6

15.16

SU2/SA2

T1T2T3

15.13

SU1/SA1

15.01

T11T12T13

15.45

SU5/SA5

T14T15T16

15.43

SU6/SA6

15.01

Elevators

Archive

SU

3/S

A3

SU

4/S

A4

T7 T17

Sou

th-w

est f

acad

e

Nor

th-e

ast f

acad

e

Sou

th-w

est c

orri

dor

Nor

th-e

ast c

orri

dor

9 m1.65

SU./SA. : supply/sampling nozzleT. : thermocouple

T10

1.655.30 m 5.30 m

2.60

m

2.60

m

Note:Temperature in the rooms are measured at0.1 m height1.1 m and on the wall

Control room W

N

E

S

35 25

T0

T5T4

T6

15.16

SU2/SA2

T1T2T3

15.13

SU1/SA1

15.01

T11T12T13

15.45

SU5/SA5

T14T15T16

15.43

SU6/SA6

15.01

Elevators

Archive

SU

3/S

A3

SU

4/S

A4

T7 T17

Sou

th-w

est f

acad

e

Nor

th-e

ast f

acad

e

Sou

th-w

est c

orri

dor

Nor

th-e

ast c

orri

dor

9 m1.65

SU./SA. : supply/sampling nozzleT. : thermocouple

T10

1.655.30 m 5.30 m

2.60

m

2.60

m

Note:Temperature in the rooms are measured at0.1 m height1.1 m and on the wall

Control room

Monitoring Monitoring (1...) Monitoring planMonitoring plan

4 rooms on the 15th floor of the tower have been monitored:

• 2 rooms on the SW-façade, room 15.13 & 15.16

• 2 rooms on the NE façade, room 15.43 and 15.45

4 rooms on the 15th floor of the tower have been monitored:

• 2 rooms on the SW-façade, room 15.13 & 15.16

• 2 rooms on the NE façade, room 15.43 and 15.45

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Monitoring (2|) The monitoring installation

Air temperature was monitored in each room at 0.1 m and 1.10 m and the wall temperature was also monitored. The global temperature is approached by putting the temperature probe in a black Ping-Pong ball.

The outside temperatures on the SW- and NE façade were monitored too. The wind velocity and solar radiation were obtain from the BEMS.

Air temperature was monitored in each room at 0.1 m and 1.10 m and the wall temperature was also monitored. The global temperature is approached by putting the temperature probe in a black Ping-Pong ball.

The outside temperatures on the SW- and NE façade were monitored too. The wind velocity and solar radiation were obtain from the BEMS.

Ventilation and CO2 levels were monitored with a extended Bruel and Kjær gas analyser.

Ventilation and CO2 levels were monitored with a extended Bruel and Kjær gas analyser.

Global temperature Global temperature sensorsensor

Global temperature Global temperature sensorsensor

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Monitoring results

The following slides show some summer and winter monitoring results.

THERMAL SUMMER COMFORT:

The second week of August 1997 was a very hot week with daytime temperatures of over 30 °C and night time temperatures never below 20 °C. Internal temperatures remained at acceptable levels.

The amount of overheating hours differ very much from room to room (depending on orientation, internal gains, …).

The following slides show some summer and winter monitoring results.

THERMAL SUMMER COMFORT:

The second week of August 1997 was a very hot week with daytime temperatures of over 30 °C and night time temperatures never below 20 °C. Internal temperatures remained at acceptable levels.

The amount of overheating hours differ very much from room to room (depending on orientation, internal gains, …).

INDOOR AIR QUALITY:

The CO2 concentration level is approximately 750 ppm during working hours; at night and at the weekend it drops to the outdoor level of 400 ppm. This level does not increase during the winter.

The ventilation rate is very high in the summer and in the winter. In the winter, during office hours ventilation rates of up to 10 ach have been reached.At night and outside office hours these drop to 2-3 ach.

INDOOR AIR QUALITY:

The CO2 concentration level is approximately 750 ppm during working hours; at night and at the weekend it drops to the outdoor level of 400 ppm. This level does not increase during the winter.

The ventilation rate is very high in the summer and in the winter. In the winter, during office hours ventilation rates of up to 10 ach have been reached.At night and outside office hours these drop to 2-3 ach.

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Summer monitoring (1...) Hot period in the summer

Room on the SW-façade, 15.13

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

8/8 8/9 8/10 8/11 8/12 8/13 8/14 8/15 8/16

Date

Tem

per

atu

re [

0 C]

0

250

500

750

1000

1250

1500

So

lar

rad

iati

on

[W

/m2 ]

Solar radiation

Tint.

Text.

Outdoor temperatures reach 34°C. Due to effective solar shading and intensive night cooling, internal temperatures stay below 29°C.

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Summer monitoring (2...) Hot period - Temperature distribution

Indoor globe temperature during office hours in August

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Temperature [0C]

[Ho

urs

]

R15.13 - SW

R15.16 - SW

R15.43 - NE

R15.45 - NE

The overheating hours differ very much from room to room: room 15.13 (SW) has the most overheating hours (164 hours), room 15.45 (NE) has 148.5 overheating hours.

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When the internal temperature is higher than the outside temperature, intensive ventilation is used to cool down the building (thermal mass). The ventilation is very intensive: 5 to 20 air changes per hour

Summer monitoring (3...) Typical period - air change rate

Room on the SW-façade, 15.13

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00

hours in period 03.09 - 06.09

Te

mp

era

ture

[0C

]/ V

en

tila

tio

n [

ach

]

Text.

Tint.

Air change rate

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The CO2 concentration level is approximately 750 ppm during working hours; at night and in the weekends this drops to the outdoor level of 400 ppm . Due to the high ventilation rates, this level is much lower than the limit of 1200 ppm: the IAQ can be considered as good.

Summer monitoring (4|) Typical period - indoor air quality

Room 15.13, SW-facade

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00 12:00 0:00

hours in period 03.09 - 06.09

Te

mp

era

ture

[0 C]/

Ve

nti

lati

on

[a

ch

]

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

CO

2 c

on

ce

ntr

ati

on

[p

pm

]

Text.

Tint.

Air change rate

Outdoor and indoor CO2-conc.

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Winter monitoring (1...) typical period - temperatures

Winter monitoring, Room 15.13

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1/22 1/23 1/24 1/25 1/26 1/27 1/28 1/29 1/30

Date

Te

mp

era

ture

[0C

]; V

en

tila

tio

n [

ach

]

Tint.

Text.

The indoor temperature in room 15.13 in winter time is 23 to 24°C. This temperature is rather high and can be reduced to a lower level. (The heating is on continuously - at night and at weekends - because it is a high efficiency system with low water temperature).

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Winter monitoring, Room 15.13

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1/22 1/23 1/24 1/25 1/26 1/27 1/28 1/29 1/30

Date

Tem

pe

ratu

re [0

C];

Ve

nti

lati

on

[a

ch

]

0

150

300

450

600

750

900

CO

2c

on

ce

ntr

ati

on

[p

pm

]

Winter monitoring (2|) typical period - air change rate

Due to high ventilation rates during office hours, the CO2 conc. level is approximately 750 ppm during working hours. The Indoor Air Quality can be considered as good. At night and at the weekends the CO2 conc drops to the outdoor level of 400 ppm . Outside office hours the ventilation rate is reduced to 2 to 3 ACH to limit the ventilation losses.

Tint.

Air change rate

Indoor CO2-conc.

Weekend

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Due to intensive ventilation and fixed solar shading the indoor summer comfort is acceptable during hot periods.

The Indoor Air Quality during office hours can be considered as good (CO2 concentration of 750 ppm in office hours and 400 ppm at night and at weekends).

The ventilation rate in the summer is 10 to 15 ach and in the winter 5 to 10 ach (during office hours).

Due to intensive ventilation and fixed solar shading the indoor summer comfort is acceptable during hot periods.

The Indoor Air Quality during office hours can be considered as good (CO2 concentration of 750 ppm in office hours and 400 ppm at night and at weekends).

The ventilation rate in the summer is 10 to 15 ach and in the winter 5 to 10 ach (during office hours).

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Major findings

More information...

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Find more information on the PROBE building in the following documents:

\Reports \Monitoring Reports \Summary Reports\nl1summ.pdf global presentation of the buildings (4p./building) contents: building description - ventilation strategy and technology -

winter and summer monitoring results - conclusions

\Reports \Monitoring Reports \Detailed Reports\nl1det.pdf detailed reports of all 19 monitoring campaigns (20p./campaign) contents: monitoring set up - analysis of results - conclusions

Find more information on the PROBE building in the following documents:

\Reports \Monitoring Reports \Summary Reports\nl1summ.pdf global presentation of the buildings (4p./building) contents: building description - ventilation strategy and technology -

winter and summer monitoring results - conclusions

\Reports \Monitoring Reports \Detailed Reports\nl1det.pdf detailed reports of all 19 monitoring campaigns (20p./campaign) contents: monitoring set up - analysis of results - conclusions

You can read and print pdf-files with the Acrobat® Reader ®3.0. Program. This program is free.

Download it from the Acrobat web site: www.adobe.com OR run the installation file ar32e301(1).exe in the directory \Installation

You can read and print pdf-files with the Acrobat® Reader ®3.0. Program. This program is free.

Download it from the Acrobat web site: www.adobe.com OR run the installation file ar32e301(1).exe in the directory \Installation

the european office building s.h. liem, a.h.c. van paassen m.verwaal, h.f. broekhuizen delft, april...

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