The European HeritageThe European Heritage

Chapter 1 Section 4

Key TermsKey Terms

• Define: monotheism, salvation, direct democracy, republic, fedualism

Judeo-Christian TraditionJudeo-Christian Tradition

• Judeo-Christian: the influence of Judaism and Christianity that shaped European values

JudaismJudaism

• First major world religion to teach monotheism.

• Moses brought the Ten Commandments to the Israelites.

• All rulers had to obey God.

ChristianityChristianity

• A Jewish teacher names Jesus began to preach in Galilee. He was known as the Messiah, chosen by God to save the world.

• Jesus was crucified by Roman rulers and rose from the dead three days later.

• Book of worship: Bible (Gospels show how Jesus taught and performed miracles)

• Emphasis on love, mercy, forgiveness, and salvation• Christianity spread quickly and were often persecuted. It later

became the official religion of the Roman Empire.

Athenian DemocracyAthenian Democracy

• In the 5th century Athens became a direct democracy.

• Women, slaves, and foreign born people could not participate in government.

• Believed in education*Boys studied in schools and were trained to speak in the assembly.

Roman Government and LawRoman Government and Law

• In 509 BC the Romans overthrew their King and set up a republic.

• Roman republic: elected the senate• Rome’s code of laws: defined the rights of

citizens; everyone was equal*Innocent until proven guilty (basis for America)

• 27 BC: Octavian became emperor

The Middle AgesThe Middle Ages

• The 1000 year period after the fall of Rome.

• 9th century feudalism

• Roman Catholic Church was powerful and was the center of learning.

• Medieval Europe

The CrusadesThe Crusades

• In 1095 Pope Urban II declared a crusade or Holy War, to win back the holy land, where Jesus lived,

• There were 9 crusades over the next 200 years, all failed.

• Long term effects: 1) Europeans became closer to Muslims 2) New foods and spices 3) Advanced technology, like navigation (trade)

The RenaissanceThe Renaissance

• 1300’s: Rebirth of learning

• Science and invention flourished

*Johann Gutenberg: printing press (books became more widely available).

• Rediscovery of classical literature

• Art

The ReformationThe Reformation

• Martin Luther: unhappy with Catholic Church and in 1517 demanded a reform (change)

• He was rejected and rebelled.• His followers became known as Protestants and

this movement became known as the Protestant Reformation.

• Wars continued for many years.

Age of ExplorationAge of Exploration

• Prince Henry the Navigator: wanted to expand Portuguese power and Christianity.*He set up a center for exploration and brought in experts to teach his crew about navigation and map making.

• Vasco de Gama: Portuguese sailor; found trade route through Africa to India.

HandoutCrusade Assignment: P. 30 #7HW: Choose one topic from the following website and write 1 paragraph to answer

it: http://library.thinkquest.org/C005356/A-essaytops.htm