The Euromedian M

Complexity theory and

Walter Baets, PhD, HDRAssociate Dean for ResearchMBA DirectorProfessor Complexity , Knowledge and InnovatioEuromed Marseille Ecole de Management

Management Approach

the quantum interpretation

on

Flatland: Edwin Abbo

A. Square meetq

tt, 1884

ts the third dimension

Taylor’s view on th

The computer: attempt to

Manipulating symbols

Represent the world

Intelligence = problem solving

0-1 Logic and mathematics Ap

Rationalist, reductionist

Became the way of buildiBecame the way of loBecame the way of lo

he brain

automate human thinking

Modeling the brain

Simulate interaction of neurons

g Intelligence = learning

pproximations, statistics

Idealized, holistic

ing computersooking at mindsooking at minds

Sometimes small differe

conditions generate very

in the final phenomena.

former could produce a

the latter.

Prediction becomes impo

accidental phenomena.

PP

ences in the initial

y large differences

A slight error in the

tremendous error in

ossible; we have

i é i 1903oincaré in 1903

Sensitivity to initial

X * XXn+1 = a * Xn

0.294 1.4 0.3

conditions (Lorenz)

* (1 X )n * (1 - Xn)

3 0.7

Cobweb Diagrams (AttCobweb Diagrams (Att

Xn+1 = μ * Xn *

dX / dt = μ X (1 -μ (

On the diagram• Parabolic curv

Di l li• Diagonal line • Line connectin

tractors/Period Doubling)tractors/Period Doubling)

(1 - Xn) (stepfunction)

- X) (continuous function)) ( )

ms one gets:ve

X XXn+1 = Xnng iterations

h h Why can chaos n

• Social systems areSocial systems arenon-linear

• Measurement can Measurement can

M i l• Management is alwapproximation oapproximation ophenomenon

b d d not be avoided ?

e always dynamic and e always dynamic and

never be correctnever be correct

di i ways a discontinuous of a continuous of a continuous

I i ibili f i• Irriversibility of tiConstructive role o

• Newtonian fixed timfi i h d (Q tfinished (Quantum

A tifi i l lif • Artificial life resea(John Holland; Chr

i i l /me principle/of time (Ilya Prigogine)

me-space concept is h i )m mechanics)

h / I t ti t arch / Interacting agents ris Langton)

• Self-creation and sesystems and strucsystems and struc

• Organization as a neOrganization as a ne

• The embodied mindThe embodied mind

• Enacted cognitionEnacted cognition

• But: self-referencef f

• Morphic fields and m

Francesco Varela

p(Rupert Sheldrake

Francesco Varela

elf-organization of ctures (autopoièse)ctures (autopoièse)

eural networkeural network

e is the devil

morphic resonance

a

pe)a

Law of increasing Law of increasing (Brian Arthur)

• Characteristics of th( li d(a non-linear dynam

• Phenomenon of incre

• Positive feed-back

• No equilibrium

• Quantum structure oQ m(WB)

returns returns

he information economyi )ic system)

asing returns

of business f

Summary (un

• Non - linearity• Dynamic behavio• Dynamic behavio• Dependence on iP i d d bli• Period doubling

• Existence of att• Determinism• Emergence at thEmergence at th

ntil now)

ororinitial conditions

tractors

he edge of chaoshe edge of chaos

Gödel’s theorem: 1931Gödel s theorem: 1931No absolute axiomatic syst

Relativity theory (Einstein)No absolute measurement i

Quantum mechanics: first pObservation is interpretatiObservation is interpretati

Complexity theory (Prigoginp y yEmergence, bifurcations, st

tem is possible

): first part of the 20st centuryis possible

part of the 20st centuryionion

ne): second part of 20st centuryp ytrange attractors

Once holism and complm mpwe cannot avoid a fund

PAULI comple

Syy(=occurring

From causal coherence (from cause to effect)

A-cau

exity acceptedy pdamental question

ementary physics

ynchronicityy yg–together-in-time)

Coincidence (occurring together)

usal linkshence….

A quantum i

non-lonon-losynchroyentang

nterpretation

ocality; ocality; onicity; yglement

Mechanistic verThe evolution i

Product oriented Unique distribution channelsqControlStabilityM t b bj tiManagement by objectiveProcesses are the assetsHierarchical organization Hierarchical organization Machine thinking (symbolic)Industrial era

rsus organic:gn business

The client co-createsMultiple channelspEmergent processesChange (learning) is the goalM t i h d l itManagement in change and complexityLearning is the assetHuman networksHuman networksHuman thinking (fuzzy)Knowledge era

S tSome quantum

Maxwell, Planck and Bohr: introbeauty and coherencebeauty and coherence

Heisenberg, Pauli, Jordan and Devent-by-event causalitywell-defined trajectorie

In 1935, Schrödinger formulateP li: B k d h si s h s Pauli: Background physics has a

to a natural science whias with consciousnessas with consciousness

Pauli accepted that physical valin the eyes of the obserof human consciousness

t im stories

oduced criteria such as fertility,

Dirac: we no longer have ty and particles do not follow y pes in a space-time backgrounded his famous ‘cat paradox’

h t l i i d th t l ds n archetypal origin and that leads ich will work just as well with matter

lues, as much as archetypes, change rver. Observation is the result

s

So, on the Copenhagen interpphysical processes are, at theinherently indeterministic aninherently indeterministic anclassical physics is dead. Theentanglement (or non-separabentanglement (or non separagives rise to the measuremenmakes it impossible to assign

bi i l d h i l arbitrary isolated physical sywith another system in the pasystems are no longer interacsystems are no longer interaccharacteristic of quantum sysindication of the ‘holistic’ cha

pretation of quantum mechanics, e most fundamental level, both d non local The ontology of d non-local. The ontology of

e heart of the problem is the bility) of quantum states that l ty) of quantum states that nt problem. This entanglement independent properties to an

i h i dystem once it has interactedast – even though these two cting The non-separability cting. The non-separability stems can be seen as an aracter of such systems.y

A quantum in

In the arts: Cara et MurphyIn linguistics: Dalla Chiarra egIn the physical sciences: PauIn biology: Sheldrake (morphI m di i : Ch th AIn medicine: Chopra, the Ay

regular medici

nterpretation

yet Giuntiniulihogenetic fields and resonance)

d b t l i i l i yurveda, but also increasingly in ine

A beginning of g gSome research pr

Complexity and emergent learninp y gAgents, Sara Lee/DE

Innovation in SME’s: a network sANN b i t iANNs, brainstorm sessio

Telemedecin: a systemic researcmedical care market:medical care market:Agents

Knowledge management at Akzo creation ability: ANNs, Akzo Nobel

Information ecology: Information ecology: For the moment a concepAgentsg

Conflict managementAgents

K l d t t BiKnowledge management at BisonAgents

evidenceojectsng in innovation projects:g p j

structure:onsch into the ICT innovations in the

Nobel: improving the knowledge

ptual model

t ib ti t i ti: contribution to innovation

ResearchI h f In search of «

Expected contributions

• Can we visualize synchronicit• What are the organizing prin

emergenceemergence• Emergent concepts in manag• « Complex Adaptive SystemsComplex Adaptive Systems

Agents, Neural Networ• The contribution of this par

i i i iinnovation in companies• Another understanding of inn

h agendah i itsynchronicity »

ty in managementnciples and what is precisely

ements » as research tools s as research tools rks, Learning systemsadigm for knowledge, learning and snovation