the enterprise transformation to continuous delivery€¦ · continuous integration is widespread...

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The Enterprise Transformation to

Continuous Delivery

© 2015 Forrester Research, Inc. Reproduction Prohibited 3

http://www.linkconstructiongroup.net/project.cfm?id=42© Golden Gate Bridge, Highway and Transportation District

Why CD?

Intense, and increasing Competition.

“We don’t compete with other banks. We compete with Apple,

Paypal, and Google.” (CIO, Large Banking organization)


The Software-Powered Value Delivery Cycle

October 20, 2014, “The Software-Powered Business”

› Faster cycles result in:

+Less risk

+Less waste

+Lower cost

+Happier customer

=Better business results

© 2015 Forrester Research, Inc. Reproduction Prohibited 5© 2015 Forrester Research, Inc. Reproduction Prohibited

Application releases are still infrequent

2% 2%

8%

21%

26%

16%

11%

10%

6%

many times perday

once a day once a week once a month once per quarter twice a year once a year (orless)

infrequently, withnew versions ofOS/middleware

OtherSource: Global BT Developer Survey, 2015

Base: 635

© 2015 Forrester Research, Inc. Reproduction Prohibited© 2014 Forrester Research, Inc. Reproduction Prohibited 6

II

IIUnit

Testing

Build Automation

Artifact repositories

Environment mgmt

Continuous IntegrationApplication Release Automation

Lifecycle Integration

Application Analytics

Service virtualization

Static code

analysis

Perf/Load Testing

Test managementContinuous Delivery Management

API-based Automated Functional

Test Test Data management

CD Pipeline Tools TechRadar™

UI-based Test

Automation

Version management


Continuous Integration is widespread but not universal

43%

9%

12%

15%

9%

7%6%

continuous integration on demand multiple times/day once/day multiple times/week once/week once/month or less

Source: Global BT Developer Survey, 2015

Base: 635


Speed bumps abound


People

Process

Technology

Three Dimensions of Continuous Delivery

© 2015 Forrester Research, Inc. Reproduction Prohibited 10http://successify.net/2013/04/01/john-f-kennedys-case-for-dreaming-big/

The journey begins with a vision of a better future.


Lean Value Stream Mapping

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value_stream_mapping


Example Value Delivery Stream

IdeaUnderstand

NeedsDevelop Test Deploy

Customer

Value

3 days 5 days 5 days 3 days

10 days7 days 4 days 9 days

Total = 47 days

1 day

feedback

July 25, 2014 “Define A Software Delivery Strategy For Business Innovation”


Typical Software Delivery Bottlenecks

Manually

managed

environments

Idea

proposed

Understand

Needs &

Invent

Solutions

Functional

TestingDeploy

Solution

Customer

Value

Load,

Performance,

Security, …

Testing

UAT/Explorat

ory Testing

ReleaseDecision

Lack of effective customer insight

Too muchWIP

Manual build and

integration processes

Error prone manual hand-offs and processes

Manual and error prone app deployments

Lack of sufficient test data to make

decisions

Waiting for build and test

environments

Develop,

Commit & Build

One way flow of information

Manual Testing


Manually

managed

environments

Idea

proposed

Understand

Needs &

Invent

Solutions

Functional

TestingDeploy

Solution

Customer

Value

Load,

Performance,

Security, …

Testing

UAT/Explorat

ory Testing

ReleaseDecision

Waiting for build and test

environments

Develop,

Commit & Build

The DevOps Journey – Step 1

Automate Environment Management


Sign Up

Explore

Recent Photos

The Commons

Getty Collection

Galleries

World Map

App Garden

Camera Finder

Flickr Blog

Upload

Submit

Sign In

←

→

Feedback

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s/3

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“Infrastructure As Art”

› Every environment unique

› Manually built and configured

› No auditability of changes

› Often, no control over change access

› No repeatability

› “It works fine in my environment.”


http://www.datacenterknowledge.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/ITPAC-Servers-470.jpg

› Standard VM/Container configurations

› Configurations version controlled

› Managed Change authorization

› Changes automated, repeatable, auditable

“Infrastructure As Code”

Versioned

Repository

Configuration Info

Configured Environment

Test

Data

Test

Data

Configuration

Info

Service

VirtualizationTest Data

Management

Deployment Automation


Idea

proposed

Understand

Needs &

Invent

Solutions

Functional

TestingDeploy

Solution

Customer

Value

Load,

Performance,

Security, …

Testing

UAT/Explorat

ory Testing

ReleaseDecision

Develop,

Commit & Build


Integrate, Continuously

Manual build and

integration processes


Continuous Integration Ensures Healthy Code

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Idea

proposed

Understand

Needs &

Invent

Solutions

Functional

TestingDeploy

Solution

Customer

Value

Load,

Performance,

Security, …

Testing

UAT/Explorat

ory Testing

ReleaseDecision

Develop,

Commit & Build


Automate Deployments

Manual and error prone app deployments


Add slides on ARA– what it is, how it works

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Benefits of Automating Software Releases

Increase reliabilityEliminate manual errors

A typical quarterly release at one company consisted of a spreadsheet of over

1000 changes that needed to be made to deploy the software.

A THOUSAND OPPORTUNITIES FOR SOMETHING TO GO WRONG.

Increase speed

Reduce cost


Idea

proposed

Understand

Needs &

Invent

Solutions

Functional

TestingDeploy

Solution

Customer

Value

Load,

Performance,

Security, …

Testing

UAT/Explorat

ory Testing

ReleaseDecision

Develop,

Commit & Build


Automate Testing with APIs

Manual Testing


Loose Coupling Enables Composability

› Versioned Services allow interfaces

to evolve

› Resources can be replaced without

affecting applications

› Risk is reduced by isolating and

eliminating dependencies

› The unit of release becomes an API

change, not an application

› Applications and services can

choose when they “upgrade” to a

new interface

API Layer

Resource Layer (including other Applications)

UI Layer

June 23, 2014 “Software Innovation Requires A Loosely-Coupled Application Architecture”


Compose First, Then Code

February 19, 2015 “From Application Design to Application Composition”

Custom

Application

Code

3rd-party

Services

(e.g. Google Maps,

PayPal, SAP HANA)

Open Source

Components

&

Frameworks (e.g. node.js)

Commercial

Application

Platforms

(e.g. Salesforce.com)

Cloud Platform

Services

(e.g. Amazon AWS,

Microsoft Azure)

Proprietary

Services


UI – Presentation Layer

API Layer

Resource Layer (including other Applications)

Test Harnesses

Continuous Testing Benefits

Increased ConsistencyTest Every Build

Eliminated Reliance on UI

Eliminated delays

Economies of Scale

Reduced Cost


Idea

proposed

Understand

Needs &

Invent

Solutions

Functional

TestingDeploy

Solution

Customer

Value

Load,

Performance,

Security, …

Testing

UAT/Explorat

ory Testing

ReleaseDecision

Develop,

Commit & Build


Make Data-driven Release Decisions

Lack of sufficient test data to make

decisions


Benefits of Basing Release Decisions on Test Data

Increased Confidence Reduced Risk

Fewer Incidents

Simplified Release Decisions


Idea

proposed

Understand

Needs &

Invent

Solutions

Functional

TestingDeploy

Solution

Customer

Value

Load,

Performance,

Security, …

Testing

UAT/Explorat

ory Testing

ReleaseDecision

Develop,

Commit & Build


Reduce the Size of Releases

Too Much WIP


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Requirements are like inventory – you never

know what’s going to sell until it’s sold, or used


Smaller Batches = Faster Speed

much better than


Large Batch = Lots of WIP, Scrap

Big Batches ➔ Small Batches

› Lots of over-specification

› Lots of speculation

› Larger batch = more risk

Small Batch = Minimal Scrap, Maximal

Throughput

› Reduce time to feedback

› Reduce guessing about right solution

› Reduce risk, complexity, and dependencies

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Innovation & The Minimum Viable Product (MVP)

Deliver MVP Quickly – Improve Based On Feedback

… …

R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7


Idea

proposed

Understand

Needs &

Invent

Solutions

Functional

TestingDeploy

Solution

Customer

Value

Load,

Performance,

Security, …

Testing

UAT/Explorat

ory Testing

ReleaseDecision

Error prone manual hand-offs and processes

Develop,

Commit & Build


Eliminate Hand-offs and Wait Time


Continuous Delivery requires organizing differently


Current organizational models are stuck in the past

Lin

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CIO

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mer

Exp

erie

nce

CMO


Siloed roles increase hand-offs

Project A

Project B

Project C

Old Goal: Maximize Utilization

New Goal: Maximize Throughput


The Delivery-Centric Organization

IntegratedProductTeams

Communities of Practice

Servant-

Leadership

LOBCMO

CIO …


Idea

proposed

Understand

Needs &

Invent

Solutions

Functional

TestingDeploy

Solution

Customer

Value

Load,

Performance,

Security, …

Testing

UAT/Explorat

ory Testing

ReleaseDecision

Lack of effective customer insight

Develop,

Commit & Build

One way flow of information


Drive Better Results With Feedback


Feedback drives value delivery

http://www.thoughtworks.com/insights/blog/do-we-need-business-analyst-agile-teamhttps://www.salesforce.com/blog/2013/03/why-mobile-matters-for-customer-

service-and-the-service-cloud.html

Thank you

forrester.com

Kurt Bittner, Principal Analyst

[email protected]

@ksbittner

the enterprise transformation to continuous delivery€¦ · continuous integration is widespread...

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