the enlightenment
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The Enlightenment. Ch. 10 . The Scientific Revolution. 10.1. Causes of Scientific Revolution. Renaissance New language skills allowed people to learn from new ideas New technology and mathematics New scientific instruments allowed for advancements and new discoveries - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The EnlightenmentCh. 10
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The Scientific Revolution10.1
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Causes of Scientific Revolution1. Renaissance
New language skills allowed people to learn from new ideas
2. New technology and mathematics New scientific instruments allowed for
advancements and new discoveries New advances in math – algebra, geometry,
trigonometry
New theories developed and became foundation of Scientific Revolution
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The Enlightenment10.2
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What is the Enlightenment? 18th century intellectual movement Wanted to reform society to make a better life Inspired by the Scientific Revolution
Used reason to explain the world around them Wanted to change:
Government Religion Equality Women’s rights
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Philosophes1. John Locke People were born with
a “tabula rasa”, or blank slate Product of our
environment Government shapes
us
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2. Isaac Newton Believed that the physical
world was a giant machine and operated according to natural laws
Enlightenment thinkers reasoned that natural laws could also govern human society
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3. Montesquieu Identified 3 types of
governments Republics Despotism monarchies
Believed governments should have separation of powers and checks and balances
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4. Voltaire Supported deism
Based on reason and natural law
Believed in religious freedoms
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5. Deiderot Wrote the
Encyclopedia Spread
Enlightenment ideas
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6. Adam Smith Believed that people
should be able to determine their own wealth
“Laissez-faire” = leave it be
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7. Jean-Jacques Rousseau Believed in a social
contract between the people and their government
People have the right to choose their own government
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8. Mary Wollstonecraft Wanted equality for women in
education as well as economic and political life
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Impact of the Enlightenment10.3
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Enlightenment and Absolutism Enlightenment influenced politics in
Europe Believed in Natural rights for all people Government must protect these rights Enlightened Absolutism emerged
Most monarchs did not want to give up their power
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Enlightenment and the Arts
Buildings were built on a grand scale
Art was focused on happiness and love
Music Bach, Handel, Mozart Literature was
focused on reality, heroes, and supernaturals
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The American Revolution10.4
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Beginning of the Revolution British was broke from the Seven Years’
War and wanted to tax the colonies Stamp Act (1765) passed – tax on
printed materials Colonists opposed this Repealed in 1766
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Revolution Begins First Continental Congress formed in
response to British actions in 1774 1775 – fighting broke out July 4, 1776 – Second Continental
Congress approved the Declaration of Independence Written by Thomas Jefferson Official beginning of the American
Revolution
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American Independence Ended in 1781 –
Americans won with help of French, Dutch, and Spanish
1783 – Treaty of Paris signed Recognized American
independence Granted colonies
territory from Appalachians to Mississippi River
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New Governments Articles of Confederation (1781)
Weak central government
Power in hands of states
Feared government would become too strong
DID NOT WORK – no unity
Constitution (1787)
Inspired by Enlightenment ideas
Created a federal system of government
3 branches Checks and balances Bill of Rights
1st ten amendments Protected personal
freedoms