the engineering needed for particle physics by steve myers philosophical transactions a volume...

The engineering needed for particle physics

by Steve Myers

Philosophical Transactions AVolume 370(1973):3887-3923

August 28, 2012

©2012 by The Royal Society

The history of accelerators.

Steve Myers Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2012;370:3887-3923


Schematic layout of CERN's accelerator complex.



LHC beam pipe with vacuum pumping slots.



Acceleration principle and some cavities.



Particle motion in a bending field and cross section of an LHC dipole.



Quadrupolar field and cross section of an LHC quadrupole.



Exploded diagrams of the (a) ATLAS and (b) CMS detectors.



The inclination of the LHC tunnel.



Civil engineering implementation of the LEP/LHC tunnel, showing (a) underground works and (b) surface buildings of LHC project.



CMS Cavern (courtesy of J. Osborne).



Evolution of CERN installed cryogenic power (courtesy of L. Tavian).



Cryogenics footprint and schematic of plants.



Large cryogenic helium refrigerators (33 kW at 50–75 K, 23 kW at 4.6–20 K; 41 g s−1 liquefaction) (courtesy of L. Tavian).



Plots of phase space structure near fifth order (a) without and (b) with a nonlinear element (courtesy of W. Herr and E. Forest).



Photographs of conventional magnets in many accelerator projects (courtesy of D. Tommasini).



(a) Dipole magnet artist's impression and (b) LHC dipole standard cross section.



Coil distribution and field lines.



The superconducting cable for the LHC magnets; a total of 7000 km of cable was used (courtesy of L. Rossi).



Six-pulse thyristor rectifier (courtesy of F. Bordry and J.-P.



Switch-mode power converter with high-frequency transformer (courtesy of F. Bordry and J.-P.



Switch-mode power converter with 50 Hz transformer (courtesy of F. Bordry and J.-P. Burnet).



SPS powering system: (a) 200 MHz tetrode amplifiers and (b) 800 MHz klystrons.



(a) Radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) and (b) drift-tube linac (DTL).



Photograph of one of the travelling wave cavities of the SPS. (Online version in colour.).



LHC point 4: (a) 400 MHz SC cavities and (b) LHC RF power plant in the underground cavern.



(a) Schematic of the transverse damping system and (b) photograph of damper kickers in tunnel.



(a) The stored energy and (b) the density of stored energy versus the beam momentum for various accelerators.



the engineering needed for particle physics by steve myers philosophical transactions a volume...

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royal society

lhc magnets

cryogenic power courtesy

lhc quadrupole

cms cavern courtesy

nonlinear element courtesy

lhc beam pipe

g s1 liquefaction courtesy