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FutureGenThe Energy Plant of the Future

FutureGenFutureGenThe Energy Plant of the Future

Energy Independence through Carbon Sequestration and Hydrogen

Energy Independence through Carbon Sequestration and Hydrogen

2003 Gasification Technologies ConferenceSan Francisco, California

October 12 – 15, 2003

2003 Gasification Technologies ConferenceSan Francisco, California

October 12 – 15, 2003

Dr. Victor K. DerDirector of Power Systems, Office of Fossil Energy

U.S. Department of Energy

Dr. Victor K. DerDirector of Power Systems, Office of Fossil Energy

U.S. Department of Energy

U.S. Department of Energy 2

Confluence of Presidential InitiativesConfluence of Presidential Initiatives

FutureGen

Clear SkiesInitiative

Global ClimateChange Initiative

Hydrogen FuelInitiative

Integrated Sequestration, Hydrogenand Energy Research Initiative

U.S. Department of Energy 3

FutureGenFutureGenFutureGen

A $1 Billion, 10-Year Global Partnership EffortA $1 Billion, 10-Year Global Partnership Effort

! To build the world’s first zero emissions coal plant

! DOE to share project cost with private sector

! Other nations are invited to join. First meeting of Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum (June 23-25, 2003).

! To build the world’s first zero emissions coal plant

! DOE to share project cost with private sector

! Other nations are invited to join. First meeting of Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum (June 23-25, 2003).

A U.S.-led global effort to pioneer coal-to-hydrogen and carbon management technologies for coalA U.S.-led global effort to pioneer coal-to-hydrogen and carbon management technologies for coal

U.S. Department of Energy 4

FutureGenFutureGenFutureGen

What is the FutureGen prototype?What is the FutureGen FutureGen prototype?

The world’s first zero emission research power plant to

The world’s first zero emission research power plant to

! Pioneer advanced hydrogen production from coal

! Emit virtually no air pollutants

! Capture and permanently sequester carbon dioxide

! Integrate operation of hydrogen, power and carbon sequestration

! Pioneer advanced hydrogen production from coal

! Emit virtually no air pollutants

! Capture and permanently sequester carbon dioxide

! Integrate operation of hydrogen, power and carbon sequestration

U.S. Department of Energy 5

Tomorrow’s HydrogenTomorrow’s HydrogenWhy is Hydrogen from Coal Important?Why is Hydrogen from Coal Important?

! 95% of U.S. hydrogen comes from natural gas

! Future “Hydrogen Economy” must have more diversified sources

! Over longer term, hydrogen will likely come from renewables, nuclear power, fusion, etc.

! 95% of U.S. hydrogen comes from natural gas

! Future “Hydrogen Economy” must have more diversified sources

! Over longer term, hydrogen will likely come from renewables, nuclear power, fusion, etc.

But coal can also be a major feedstockBut coal can also be a major feedstock

! Most abundant U.S. fossil fuel (250-yr supply); if transportation fuel today was hydrogen, potential for additional 1.3 billion tons coal per year; by 2025 that addition could grow to 2.4 billion tons

! Can be environmentally clean source of hydrogen

! Most abundant U.S. fossil fuel (250-yr supply); if transportation fuel today was hydrogen, potential for additional 1.3 billion tons coal per year; by 2025 that addition could grow to 2.4 billion tons

! Can be environmentally clean source of hydrogen

U.S. Department of Energy 6

Climate ChangeClimate ChangeWhy is Sequestration Important?Why is Sequestration Important?

Carbon Management PathsCarbon Management Paths" Switch to low- & no-carbon fuels" Switch to low- & no-carbon fuels

" Increase energy efficiency" Increase energy efficiency

" Sequester carbon" Sequester carbon

Renewables, Nuclear, Natural GasRenewables, Nuclear, Natural Gas

Demand-Side & Supply SideDemand-Side & Supply Side

! Could likely be a “must-have” option in order to remove enough carbon to stabilize CO2 concentrations in atmosphere

! Only approach that doesn’t require countries to overhaul energy infrastructures

! May prove to be one of the lowest cost carbon management option

! Could likely be a “must-have” option in order to remove enough carbon to stabilize CO2 concentrations in atmosphere

! Only approach that doesn’t require countries to overhaul energy infrastructures

! May prove to be one of the lowest cost carbon management option

The FutureGen plant will be a first-of-its-kind project by the U.S. electric power industry to prove that large-scale sequestration is safe and practicable, and one that encompasses all three carbon management paths.

The FutureGenFutureGen plant will be a first-of-its-kind project by the U.S. electric power industry to prove that large-scale sequestration is safe and practicable, and one that encompasses all three carbon management paths.

U.S. Department of Energy 7

FutureGenProject Objectives

FutureGenFutureGenProject Objectives

! Design, construct and operate a prototype plant that produces electricity and hydrogen with near-zero emissions

! Sequester at least 90% of the CO2 emissions

! Prove the effectiveness, safety and permanence of CO2 sequestration

! Establish technology standards and protocols for CO2measuring, monitoring and verification

! Validate the engineering, economic and environmental viability of advanced coal-based, near-zero emission technologies for commercial readiness in 2020

! Design, construct and operate a prototype plant that produces electricity and hydrogen with near-zero emissions

! Sequester at least 90% of the CO2 emissions

! Prove the effectiveness, safety and permanence of CO2 sequestration

! Establish technology standards and protocols for CO2measuring, monitoring and verification

! Validate the engineering, economic and environmental viability of advanced coal-based, near-zero emission technologies for commercial readiness in 2020

U.S. Department of Energy 8

Features of the ProjectFeatures of the Project

" Coal-fueled gasification process that produces electricity and hydrogen--275 MWe [net equivalent output]

" A “Living Laboratory” that employs cutting edge technologies

" Operational rate of 1 million tons per year of CO2 captured and sequestered

" Total project cost estimated at $1 billion

" Cost-shared by U. S. Department of Energy [maximum 80%] and industry [minimum 20%]

" Open to international participation through avenues such as, theCarbon Sequestration Leadership Forum

" Coal-fueled gasification process that produces electricity and hydrogen--275 MWe [net equivalent output]

" A “Living Laboratory” that employs cutting edge technologies

" Operational rate of 1 million tons per year of CO2 captured and sequestered

" Total project cost estimated at $1 billion

" Cost-shared by U. S. Department of Energy [maximum 80%] and industry [minimum 20%]

" Open to international participation through avenues such as, theCarbon Sequestration Leadership Forum

U.S. Department of Energy 9

Project ConceptProject ConceptFutureGenRefinery

Hydrogen Electricity

CO2Oil

Enhanced Oil Recovery Geological Sequestration

And/Or

U.S. Department of Energy 10

FutureGen Conversion ProcessFutureGen FutureGen Conversion ProcessConverting Coal into Gas is KeyConverting Coal into Gas is Key

! 99%+ of Clear Skies pollutants (sulfur/nitrogen/mercury) can be cleaned from gasified coal

! Hydrogen is a primary product

! Carbon gases are in concentrated form for easier capture and sequestration

! 99%+ of Clear Skies pollutants (sulfur/nitrogen/mercury) can be cleaned from gasified coal

! Hydrogen is a primary product

! Carbon gases are in concentrated form for easier capture and sequestration

No coal-to-gas plant in the world today is configured to optimize hydrogen production or to capture carbon. The FutureGen prototype plant would be the world’s first.

No coal-to-gas plant in the world today is configured to optimize hydrogen production or to capture carbon. The FutureGenFutureGen prototype plant would be the world’s first.

Oxygen(from air)

Hydrogen + Carbon Gases (CO2 , CO)Coal

U.S. Department of Energy 11

FutureGen SystemsFutureGenFutureGen SystemsGas CleaningGas CleaningGasificationGasificationOxygenOxygen

Products/Products/ByproductsByproductsUtilizationUtilization HH22/CO/CO22

SeparationSeparationFuels/Chemicals

Fuel Cell

High Efficiency Turbine

Electricity

LiquidsConversion

ProcessHeat/Steam

GasStreamCleanup

OxygenMembrane

Gasifier

H2

CO2

Figure 2

Fuels and Fuels and ChemicalsChemicals

PowerPower

Coal

FuelFuel

Enhanced Oil Recovery

COCO22SequestrationSequestration Coal Seams Saline Reservoir

U.S. Department of Energy 12

FutureGenProject Challenges

FutureGenFutureGenProject Challenges

Technical:" First-of-a-Kind Integrated Operations of a Zero-Emission Plant

" Achieving the target goal while having to balancing the risks of successful operations against pushing the “technology envelop” to avoid technology obsolescence upon completion

" Developing the methodologies and protocols to validate the stability of carbon sequestration

" Integration challenges yet to be identified (Murphy’s Law)

Programmatic:" Funding availability and commitments impacting cost and schedule

" Site, permitting and liability issues

" General acceptance and support for the zero-emission concept to foster eventual commercial replication and deployment

Technical:" First-of-a-Kind Integrated Operations of a Zero-Emission Plant

" Achieving the target goal while having to balancing the risks of successful operations against pushing the “technology envelop” to avoid technology obsolescence upon completion

" Developing the methodologies and protocols to validate the stability of carbon sequestration

" Integration challenges yet to be identified (Murphy’s Law)

Programmatic:" Funding availability and commitments impacting cost and schedule

" Site, permitting and liability issues

" General acceptance and support for the zero-emission concept to foster eventual commercial replication and deployment

U.S. Department of Energy 13

FutureGenNear-Term Next Steps

FutureGenFutureGenNear-Term Next Steps

" Complete process for selecting industry team

" Once cooperative agreement in place:

" Develop test scope for validating FutureGen" Assess cutting-edge technology readiness" Conduct process for NEPA environmental impact assessment" Site characterization, evaluation and selection process" Start preliminary design work" Conduct permitting activities

" Complete process for selecting industry team

" Once cooperative agreement in place:

" Develop test scope for validating FutureGen" Assess cutting-edge technology readiness" Conduct process for NEPA environmental impact assessment" Site characterization, evaluation and selection process" Start preliminary design work" Conduct permitting activities

U.S. Department of Energy 14

Web Sites For Additional InformationWeb Sites For Additional Information

GENERALwww.fe.doe.govwww.netl.doe.govwww.eia.doe.govwww.epa.govwww.climatescience.gov

SPECIFIChttp://fossil.energy.gov/techline/tl_cslf_print.htmlhttp://fossil.energy.gov/techline/tl_futuregen1_print.htmlhttp://fossil.energy.gov/events/speeches/03_sec_futuregen_022703.shtmlhttp://www.netl.doe.gov/coalpower/sequestration/index.html