THE END OF THE PROGRESSIVE ERA

Karen ValentinStephanie VelardeFrancesca Velarde

William Howard Taft

Roosevelt decided not to run in 1908 Chose Taft as successor

27th president (1909-1913)

Liberal Republican

Few Months after Taking Office…

The Payne-Aldrich Tariff Payne Bill: Lowered rates on imported and

manufactured goods

Aldrich Tariff: Increased tariffs

Taft signed the Payne-Aldrich Compromise: Reduced rates but at the same time kept them high enough for proponents of lowering tariffs to complain

During his Term

Richard A. Ballinger Gave some land Roosevelt placed in forest

reserves to public domain

Gifford Pinchot Accused Ballinger of colluding with

business interests and unsupportive of environmental good

Taft fired Pinchot in 1910

During his Term

Persuade antitrust policy 1911: Wanted Supreme Court to declare

Standard Oil Company in violation of Sherman Antitrust Act Break up into separate companies

Rule of reason Big business were not antitrust violators

unless engaged in policies that got rid of competition

During his Term

Supported 16th amendment Congress could enact a graduated income

tax

The countries power, responsibilities, and expenditures where increasing Graduated income tax provided a secure

source of money

During his Term

Allowed the direct election of Senators

Interstate Commerce Commission: Successfully set railroad rates

Few paid attention to this or the 80 antitrust suits his administration initiated.

Chief Justice of the United States

Election of 1912

Candidates William Howard

Taft Republican Party

Theodore Roosevelt Progressive Party

Woodrow Wilson Democratic Party

Eugene Debs Socialist Party

Theodore Roosevelt’s Challenge

He challenged Taft for the Republican nomination Defenders

Taft betrayed the progressive platform Roosevelt was pressured He believed that he could do a better job

Critics They thought he had a huge ego “Back stabbed” his friend

Roosevelt was defeated

Candidate’s Platforms

Theodore Roosevelt Woodrow Wilson

New Nationalism policies A broad plan of social

reform for America Wanted to preserve

trusts but regulate them

Campaigned on behalf of women’s suffrage

Supported tariffs Minimum wage Worker’s compensation

act Child labor law

Proposed the elimination of trusts

Believed each state should decide on the issue of women suffrage

Criticized tariffs

Candidate’s Platforms

Eugene V. Debs William Taft

Few supported him• Abolish the

“capitalistic system”

Defended the Sherman Anti-Trust Act

Opposed Child labor laws Labor unions Women suffrage

Wanted to dismantle the national park system

How it all played out

Taft and Roosevelt were both trying to gain the Republican Party’s votes

Wilson won Republican votes were split in half

Candidates Popular Vote Electoral College Vote

Wilson/Marshall 41.8% 81.9% (435)

Roosevelt/Johnson

27.4% 16.8% (88)

Taft/Sherman 23.2% 1.5% (8)

Debs/Seidel 6.0% 0% (0)

Woodrow Wilson

Born in Virginia December 28, 1856

Nominated as president in 1912 at democratic convention

28th President Term: 1913-1921

During his Term

Neutral first three years of WWI (1913-1916)

Said America could not remain neutral in the WW1

April, 2 1917 asked congress for a declaration of war on Germany

Led America through WWI (1916-1919)

Hoped that participation in war would broker a peace treaty and end war forever

During his Term

Campaigned on a program called New Freedom (1912)

New Freedom: stressed individualism and states' rights

Established an office near congress so he could meet with the members to talk about pending legislation

During his Term

Underwood Tariff Act (1913)

Reduced Tariff

Created a graduated income tax

During his Term

Federal Reserve System (1913): Dealt with 12 regional banks and the

board governors

Federal Trade Commission (1914): Prohibit unfair business practices Established 1914 by antitrust legislation

During his Term

Clayton Antitrust act (1914): prohibits direct or indirect interference with trade

Adamson Act (1916): 8 hr workday on railroads

During his Term

1st pres. to constantly have press conferences to influence public opinion

Dealt with progressivism and made his own version since Democrats were in control of congress

Citations

Terrell, E.T. History of US Income Tax. Retrieved November 10, 2013 , from http://www.loc.gov/rr/business/hottopic/irs_history.html

  Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act. Retrieved November 10,

2013 , from http://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Payne-Aldrich_Tariff_Act.html

   William Howard Taft. Retrieved November 10,

2013 , from http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/williamhowardtaf

Citations  About Woodrow Wilson. Retrieved November 10,

2013 , from http://www.wilsoncenter.org/about-woodrow-wilson

(1996) Woodrow Wilson. Retrieved November 10, 2013 , from http://www.history.com/topics/woodrow-wilson

  (2006) Woodrow Wilson. Retrieved November 10,

2013 , from http://m.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/woodrowwilson