the emergence of call2

8/8/2019 The Emergence of Call2

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TheThe EmergenceEmergence

ofof

Scarlett Dragustinovis

Lucy Borrego


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CAI(computer-aidedinstruction)

CAL(Computer-assistedlearning)

CALT(ComputerassistedLanguageTeaching)

CALT(ComputerassistedLanguageTesting)

Refers tolearning atthecomputer,

but notnecessarily with alanguagefocus.

May referto thelearning of

any subjectusing acomputer.

CALL butwithemphasis

on theteacher.

Refers tosituationsin whichthe P.Cconsidersthe answer

to eachquestionand raisesor lowersthe level ofdifficulty.


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CBT(Comput

er-basedTraining)

CMC(Computer-

mediatedCommunication)

CAT(

Computer-assistedTeaching)

CAT

(Computer-adaptiveTesting)

Using acomputer,but notnecessarily testing

language.

Refers tolearning atthecomputer,but not

necessarilyt with alanguagefocus.

Tends torefer toprogramsused forcorporate

training,but mayrefer moregenerally toany kind oftraining.

Refers to asituation inwhichcomputer-baseddiscussion

may takeplace butwithoutnecessarilyinvolvinglearning.


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WELL (Web

EmbancedLanguageLearning)

CMI

(Computer-mediatedInstruction

ICALL(Intelligent

Computer-assistedLanguageLearning)

TELL(Technology

EmbancedLanguageLearning)

Instruction

that takesplacethrough theuse of aP.C.learningthat occurs

when alearnercommunicates with adistant tutorthrough

email.

Describessoftwareprogramswhichattempt tocustomizefeedbackthat cartertoindividuallearnersinput.

Refers toanytechnologyused in theclassroomsuch asvideo,tapesrecorders,etc.

Refers toCALL butfocuses on

the WWWas themedium forinstruction.


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CALL MATERIALS

In the last four decades,


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TECHNOLOGY AND

PEDAGOGY?


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MATERIAL DESIGERS

Teacher with limitate

technical skills

Competent technicians with

no experience in teaching


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ANOTHER BARRIER WITH

CALL MATERIALS

*Overlook incorrect syntax ( Talking he telephone the one)

*Be confusing by variation in grammar (He talks on the telephone)

*Fail to accept synonyms (The man is speaking on the phone)

*Fail to notice erroneous and extraneous words (She is be talking and

waiting on the phone thing)


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INTERACTIVE

REFERS TO

- A software program in which the

learner has some degree ofchoice, perhaps only in

selecting answers in multiple

choice question.

- Macromedia Authorware allows

teacher/programmers to choiceother questions such as

true/false, select images or part

of an image and move parts of

a picture or a sentence to

correct positions.


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Multimedia and speech recognition capabilities have

attempted to extend the traditional reading and listening foci

of CALL to include writing and speaking activities too.

Each of these skills place in CALL continues to develop withthe technology. For example, at this point, computers are still

quite limitated in terms of speech synthesis and voice

recognitions.

Same problems with writing when having a sentence

grammatically correct but semantically nonsensical.


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Work in Artificial intelligence andnatural-language processing attempts toaddress this problem but has so far had

only limitated success.

Artificial intelligence

Expert system

Help make decisionbased on a review of

previous cases.

Examine a list ofstudents errors and offer

both solutions andexercises

Natural-languageprocessing

Is to allow people tointeract with computerswith speech, just as one

would with another

person.


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THE CHANGING FOCUS

OF RESEARCH IN CALL

The recent history of rapid innovation in computer hardware and software suggests

these limitations are likely to be addressed by researchers and practitioners in

coming years

Need of

computers

in the

classroom

Comparisons

between CALL

and traditional

learning in terms

of effectiveness.


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A general area of study is the advantages and disadvantages

of computers providing communicative tasks which foster

language learning.


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SUMMARY

This chapter defined CALL and showed that there are many

related terms.

Much of CALL is technology-driven, with improvements incomputers power, speed, storage and software tools helping

to difine directions for pedagogy and research.

One area that is no longer a focus of CALL is direct either/or

comparison between CALL and classrooms teaching; is now

seen to be complementary to classroom activities.

the emergence of call2

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