The Elements of Design

Chapter 16

Space

The 3-D expanse that a designer is working with, as well as the area around or between objects within that expanse

Designers must consider the size of the overall design space and the arrangement of objects within that space

Size of Space

Large, open spaces can give a feeling of freedomLarge spaces with high ceilings and elaborate designs can convey a feeling of luxuryToo much empty space can make a person feel lonely and uncomfortable

Small spaces can make people feel confined or crowded

Well designed small spaces can make people feel snug & secure; gives a sense of privacy & intimacy

Use of Space Examples

Arrangement of Space

You have 2 choices with space: fill it or leave it empty

When space is limited, limit the number of furnishings to keep as much space open as possible Select furniture that can serve more than one

purpose Select plain furniture

When space is very large, you can physically divide it with permanent or temporary room dividers Arrange furniture in small clusters, use folding screens

Line

Delineates space, outlines form, and conveys a sense of movement or direction Delineates space when lines intersect to create 2-D

planes (marking edges of a wall) Outlines form with the outer edges of an object Conveys movement and direction by the outlines of

objects, by lines formed by groups of objects, and lines that make up fabric and wallpaper patterns

Lines are either straight or curved and placed in a direction

Creating Effects with Line

Separate or unify space

The illusion of increased height

The illusion of width

Conveying feelings with Line

Horizontal lines suggest rest

Vertical lines suggest action

Diagonal or zigzag lines convey excitement and movement

Circles, curves, and ovals are usually perceived as more natural and free than straight lines

Too many lines can lead to continuous eye movement, which causes feelings of tiredness & frustration

Visual Effects Using Line

Use of line in Design

Form

The shape and structure of solid objects

Large, heavy objects give a feeling of stability, as does long, low tables

When the bottom of an object is too small in proportion to the top, it gives the appearance of instability

Harmonious design – a design in which every item fits well with the others; it is important that forms of furniture harmonize with each other

Form in design

Texture

The appearance or feel of a surface

Plush carpet & furniture provide a sense of comfort

Nubby, rough materials convey ruggedness & stability

Velvets & brocades suggest luxury

Glass, metal & stone give a feeling of coolness

Texture can add variety & interest to a room

Texture affects the way light reflects off of objects and therefore affects the perceived color of an object

Texture examples

Texture & Variety