the effects of pavement properties on road tire noise wing-tat hung, wing-gun wong chung-fai ng,...

The Effects of Pavement Properties on Road Tire Noise

Wing-tat HUNG, Wing-gun WONG

Chung-fai NG, Chi-ho YIM

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Introduction

Factors affecting Pavement Noise:• Method of measurement

• Mobilized measurement methods: trailer and on-board microphone

• Stationary measurement methods: coast-by, controlled pass-by and statistical pass-by

Pavement type and thicknessSurface texture and aggregate sizeTraffic speedFrequency range

Trailer and Pass-By Method

On-board Microphone Method

On-board Measurement microphone locations

On-board Measurement Method with skirting

Our Modified Close Proximity Method

Detailed Equipment Set-up

Site No. Location Type of Pavement Age of Pavement Surface Thickness

1a Island Eastern CorridorBetween A Kung Ngam Road and Heng Fa Chuen(From A Kung Ngam to Lei Yue Mun Banack)

Porous friction course (PFC)

June 1998 30 mm thick friction course on 20 mm thick cushion course

1b Island Eastern CorridorBetween A Kung Ngam Road and Heng Fa Chuen(From Lei Yue Mun Banack to Heng Fa Chuen)

Polymer modified friction course (PMFC)

April 2001 i.30 mm thick friction course on 20 mm thick cushion courseii.30 mm thick friction course on 40 mm thick wearing course

2 Island Eastern CorridorFrom Oil Street to Tin Chui Street


April 1998 30 mm thick friction course on 20 mm thick cushion course

3 Island Eastern CorridorFrom Sai Wan Ho Slip Road to Tai Hong Street


November 2000 i.30 mm thick friction course on 40 mm thick wearing courseii.45 mm thick wearing course only

4 Kwun Tong BypassFrom Wai Yip Street to Shing Yip Street

Bridge deck overlaid with asphalt (BDOA)

2001 N.A.

5 Kwun Tong RoadFrom Choi Wan Road to Ping Shek Estate

Concrete overlaid with asphalt (PCC)

1999 N.A.

6 Kwun Tong RoadFrom Yan Wing Building to Telford Garden Block U1

Asphalt (Bituminous pavement, ABP)

2001 N.A.

7 Lai Chi Kok Bay BridgeFrom Ching Lai Court to Mei Fu Sun Chuen


2001 N.A.

8 Lung Cheung Road (Diamond Hill)From Hammer Hill Road to Po Kong Village Road


1999 N.A.

9 Lung Cheung Road (Wong Tai Sin)From Po Kong Village Road to Fung Mo Street

Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA)

1999 N.A.

10 Princess Margaret Road From Chatham Road South to Wylie Road


1999 N.A.

11 Tolo Highway From Tai Po Kiu to Ma Liu Shui


March 2001 30 mm thick friction course on 40 mm thick wearing course

12 Tuen Mun RoadFrom Siu Lam to Tai Lam


1999 N.A.

13 Tuen Mun RoadFrom Ting Kau to Chai Wan Kwok


1999 N.A.

14 Western Kowloon Corridor From Tonkin Street to Cheung Sha Wan


2001 N.A.

15 Western Kowloon Expressway From Tonkin Street to Olympic Center


1997 N.A.

Selected Pavements for Noise Measurements

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2531

.5 40 50 63 8010

012

516

020

025

031

540

050

063

080

010

0012

5016

0020

0025

0031

5040

0050

0063

0080

00

1000

0

Frequency Band (Hz)

dB

(A)

Sound at Source Sound at end of left tube Sound at end of right tube

Sound Level Calibration

Site No. Type of Pavement Year of Construction

Leq (dBA)

50 km/h 70 km/h 100 km/h

1a Porous friction course June 1998 99.1 100.6 ---

1b (i) Polymer modified friction course April 2001 97.8 96.1 ---

1b (ii) Polymer modified friction course April 2001 92.7 99.5 ---

2 Polymer modified friction course April 1998 101.1 104.7 ---

3 (i) Polymer modified friction course November 2000 97.5 --- ---

3 (ii) Polymer modified friction course November 2000 96.9 --- ---

4 Bridge deck overlaid with asphalt 2001 98.1 97.8 ---

5 Concrete overlaid with asphalt (PCC) 1999 102.1 108.2 ---

6 Asphalt (Bituminous pavement) 2001 96.1 102.7 ---


8 Concrete overlaid with asphalt (PCC) 1999 103.6 --- ---

9 Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) 1999 98.3 100.9 ---

10 Concrete overlaid with asphalt (PCC) 1999 100.5 106.1 ---

11 Polymer modified friction course March 2001 96.7 97.8 104.4

12 Porous friction course 1999 99.2 102.8 ---

13 Porous friction course 1999 98.8 101.7 ---


15 Bridge deck overlaid with asphalt 1997 98.0 101.3 105.0

The Pavement Tire Noise Measured Levels

Rank Site No.

Type of Pavement Year of Construction

Leq (dBA) Difference Relative to Reference

(dBA)

1 1b (ii) Polymer modified friction course April 2001 92.7 -6.3

2 7 Bridge deck overlaid with asphalt 2001 94.9 -4.1

3 6 Asphalt (Bituminous pavement) 2001 96.1 -2.9


5 11 Polymer modified friction course March 2001 96.7 -2.3

6 3 (ii) Polymer modified friction course November 2000 96.9 -2.1

7 3 (i) Polymer modified friction course November 2000 97.5 -1.5

8 1b (i) Polymer modified friction course April 2001 97.8 -1.2



11 9 Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) 1999 98.3 -0.7

12 13 Porous friction course 1999 98.8 -0.2

13 1a Porous friction course June 1998 99.1 0.1

14 12 Porous friction course 1999 99.2 0.2

15 10 Concrete overlaid with asphalt (PCC) 1999 100.5 1.5

16 2 Polymer modified friction course April 1998 101.1 2.1



Reference pavement (Average of all porous friction course pavements

99.0

Ranking of pavement surfaces based on measured Leq at 50kph

Rank Site No. Type of Pavement Year of Construction

Leq (dBA) Difference Relative to Reference (dBA)

1 1b (i) Polymer modified friction course April 2001 96.1 -5.6

2 11 Polymer modified friction course March 2001 97.8 -3.9


4 1b (ii) Polymer modified friction course April 2001 99.5 -2.2


6 1a Porous friction course June 1998 100.6 -1.1

7 9 Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) 1999 100.9 -0.8



10 14 Bridge deck overlaid with asphalt 2001 102.0 0.3

11 6 Asphalt (Bituminous pavement) 2001 102.7 1.0


13 2 Polymer modified friction course April 1998 104.7 3.0



Reference pavement (Average of all porous friction course pavements)

101.7

Ranking of pavement surfaces based on measured Leq at 70kph

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

25

31

.5 40

50

63

80

10

0

12

5

16

0

20

0

25

0

31

5

40

0

50

0

63

0

80

0

1k

1.2

5k

1.6

k

2k

2.5

k

3.1

5k

4k

5k

6.3

k

8k

10

k

Frequency (Hz)

So

un

d L

ev

el (

dB

A)

Avg all PFC Site 1bii - PMFC Site 8 - PCC

Comparison of sound spectrums for pavements at 50 kph

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

25

31

.5 40

50

63

80

10

0

12

5

16

0

20

0

25

0

31

5

40

0

50

0

63

0

80

0

1k

1.2

5k

1.6

k

2k

2.5

k

3.1

5k

4k

5k

6.3

k

8k

10

k

Frequency (Hz)

So

un

d L

ev

el (

dB

A)

Avg all PFC Site 1bi - PMFC Site 5 - PCC

Comparison of sound spectrums for pavements at 70 kph

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

25

31.5 40 50 63 80 100

125

160

200

250

315

400

500

630

800 1k

1.25

k

1.6k 2k

2.5k

3.15

k 4k 5k

6.3k 8k 10k

Frequency (Hz)

Soun

d Le

vel (

dBA

)

Site 1bi - 2 yr PMFC Site 2 - 5 yr PMFC Site 1a - 5 yr PFC

Comparison of sound spectrums for Friction Courses at 70 kph

Site No.

Age of Pavement

Surface ThicknessEquivalent Noise Level Leq (dBA)

Difference from Average (dBA)

1bi Apr 200130 mm thick friction course on 20 mm thick

cushion course96.1 -3.4

1bii Apr 200130 mm thick friction course on 40 mm thick

wearing course99.5 0.0

2 Apr 199830 mm thick friction course on 20 mm thick

cushion course104.7 5.2

11 Mar 200130 mm thick friction course on 40 mm thick

wearing course97.8 -1.7

Average 99.5

Comparison of Leq with different surface thickness at 70kph

Rank Type of Pavement Year of Construction Leq (dBA)

1 Polymer modified friction course 2001 95.7

2 Asphalt (Bituminous pavement) 2001 96.1

3 Bridge deck overlaid with asphalt 2001 96.4



6 Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) 1999 98.3

7 Porous friction course 1999 99.0



10 Concrete overlaid with asphalt (PCC) 1999 102.1

Conclusions

At 50 kph

Rank Type of Pavement Year of Construction Leq (dBA)




4 Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) 1999 100.9



7 Asphalt (Bituminous pavement) 2001 102.7


9 Concrete overlaid with asphalt (PCC) 1999 107.2

Conclusions

At 70 kph

Major Findings:

1. Pavement surface type has signifiant impacts on pavement tire noises

2. The equivalent noise levels Leq for all test pavements increased with vehicle speed

3. Sound levels for two-year-old PMFC pavements did not increase significantly while there were increases in sound level of 2.1 dBA and 3.0 dBA for the five-year-old pavement at speed of 50 km/h and 70 km/h respectively

Major Findings:

4. The PMFC pavements provide the most significant reduction in equivalent noise levels.

5. The highest equivalent noise level Leq was recorded at the PCC pavements.

6. A 20 mm thick PMFC pavement provides a reduction in sound levels by as much as 3.4 dBA in Leq.

END. Thank you

the effects of pavement properties on road tire noise wing-tat hung, wing-gun wong chung-fai ng,...

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