the effects of high capacity vacuum induction sodium hypochlorite feed on chloramine development...

The Effects of The Effects of High Capacity High Capacity

Vacuum Induction Vacuum Induction Sodium Hypochlorite Feed Sodium Hypochlorite Feed

on Chloramine Developmenton Chloramine DevelopmentSureWater Technologies, Inc.SureWater Technologies, Inc.

Winter Garden, FloridaWinter Garden, Florida

SureWater Tech: WAHC 09- 2005SureWater Tech: WAHC 09- 2005 22

Peter AlexanderPeter AlexanderRobert T. BurrowsRobert T. BurrowsWolfram HartwigWolfram Hartwig

Presented by Wolfram HartwigPresented by Wolfram HartwigWorld Aquatic Health ConferenceWorld Aquatic Health Conference

City of Industry, CACity of Industry, CASeptember 2005September 2005


Process SchematicProcess Schematic


Advantages (1)Advantages (1) Providing superior, immediate mixing Providing superior, immediate mixing

of the hypochlorous acid (from NaOCl)of the hypochlorous acid (from NaOCl) Vacuum induction using a venturiVacuum induction using a venturi No accidental chlorine injection while No accidental chlorine injection while

filtration pump is off (siphoning)filtration pump is off (siphoning) Immediate destruction of chloraminesImmediate destruction of chloramines Maintaining continuous breakpoint Maintaining continuous breakpoint

chlorinationchlorination


Advantages (2)Advantages (2)

High feed capability, up to 1700 gpdHigh feed capability, up to 1700 gpd Breakpoint chlorination requirement Breakpoint chlorination requirement

eliminatedeliminated Chloramine levels lowered significantlyChloramine levels lowered significantly Simple rate adjustment by flow control (vs. Simple rate adjustment by flow control (vs.

stroke and speed in metering pumps)stroke and speed in metering pumps) Significant (up to 40 %) savings in chlorine Significant (up to 40 %) savings in chlorine

consumptionconsumption Improved water and air qualityImproved water and air quality


Advantages (3)Advantages (3)

Safe operation – vacuum, not pressure Safe operation – vacuum, not pressure injectioninjection

No priming requiredNo priming required No parts replacement/labor associated No parts replacement/labor associated

with metering pumpswith metering pumps Virtually maintenance free – outstanding Virtually maintenance free – outstanding

durability (rated at 1 million cycles)durability (rated at 1 million cycles) NSF – 50 / ANSI certifiedNSF – 50 / ANSI certified


MeasurementsMeasurements Measurements at two sites:Measurements at two sites:

Montgomery Aquatic Center, MDMontgomery Aquatic Center, MD Prince Georges Community College, MDPrince Georges Community College, MD

2004 data prior to installation2004 data prior to installation 2005 data post installation2005 data post installation 2005 measurements:2005 measurements:

3 months at PGCC (2 months w. venturi)3 months at PGCC (2 months w. venturi) 4 months at MAC (3 months w. venturi)4 months at MAC (3 months w. venturi)

Measurements taken during peak usageMeasurements taken during peak usage


2004 Data, PGCC2004 Data, PGCC

Free chlorine and pH measured dailyFree chlorine and pH measured daily Combined chlorine measured twice/weekCombined chlorine measured twice/week Breakpoint chlorination required on Breakpoint chlorination required on

average every 2 – 3 weeksaverage every 2 – 3 weeks Average combined chlorine over 4 months Average combined chlorine over 4 months

period: 0.72 mg/L (ppm)period: 0.72 mg/L (ppm)


2004 PGCC Graph for FC/CC2004 PGCC Graph for FC/CC

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

Date

mg/

L (p

pm)

Free Chlorine mg/L

Combined Chlorine mg/L


2004 PGCC Graph for FC/CC2004 PGCC Graph for FC/CC2004 PGCC Graph for FC/CC

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

04-04-01 04-04-08 04-04-15 04-04-22 04-04-29 04-05-06 04-05-13 04-05-20 04-05-27 04-06-03 04-06-10 04-06-17 04-06-24 04-07-01 04-07-08 04-07-15 04-07-22 04-07-29 04-08-05

Date

mg/

L (p

pm)


2005 Data, PGCC2005 Data, PGCC

3 daily measurements of chlorine, pH and 3 daily measurements of chlorine, pH and combined chlorinecombined chlorine

NoNo breakpoint chlorination required breakpoint chlorination required Average daily combined chlorine during Average daily combined chlorine during

measurement period: measurement period: am: 0.24 noon: 0.28 pm: 0.34 mg/L (ppm)am: 0.24 noon: 0.28 pm: 0.34 mg/L (ppm)

Overall daily average: 0.29 mg/L (ppm)Overall daily average: 0.29 mg/L (ppm) [2004 average: 0.72 mg/L][2004 average: 0.72 mg/L]


PGCC 2005: FC 3x/dPGCC 2005: FC 3x/d

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

2005-04-24 2005-05-08 2005-05-22 2005-06-05 2005-06-19 2005-07-03 2005-07-17 2005-07-31

Date

mg

/L (

pp

m)

FC AMFC NOONFC PM


PGCC 2005: FC 3x/dPGCC 2005: FC 3x/d

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

05-04-24 05-05-08 05-05-22 05-06-05 05-06-19 05-07-03 05-07-17 05-07-31

Date

mg/

L (p

pm)


PGCC 2005: CC 3x/dPGCC 2005: CC 3x/d

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

05-04-24 05-05-08 05-05-22 05-06-05 05-06-19 05-07-03 05-07-17 05-07-31

Date

mg/

L (p

pm)

CC AMCC NOONCC PM


PGCC 2005: CC 3x/dPGCC 2005: CC 3x/d

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

2005-04-24

2005-05-08

2005-05-22

2005-06-05

2005-06-19

2005-07-03

2005-07-17

2005-07-31

Date

mg/

L (p

pm)


Montgomery Aquatic CenterMontgomery Aquatic Center

MAC data similar to the PGCC data for MAC data similar to the PGCC data for 2004 and 20052004 and 2005

2004: Breakpoint chlorination every 2 2004: Breakpoint chlorination every 2 weeksweeks

2005: 2005: NoNo breakpoint chlorination required breakpoint chlorination required


Henderson, NVHenderson, NV


Orlando, FLOrlando, FL


Ft. Pierce, FLFt. Pierce, FL


Largo, MDLargo, MD


Bethesda, MDBethesda, MD


ConclusionConclusion

The measurements show a distinct The measurements show a distinct reduction in combined chlorine levelsreduction in combined chlorine levels

The need for breakpoint chlorination has The need for breakpoint chlorination has been eliminatedbeen eliminated

The absence of injection/metering pumps The absence of injection/metering pumps (diaphragm or peristaltic) lowers (diaphragm or peristaltic) lowers maintenance requirements and costsmaintenance requirements and costs


AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

SureWater Technologies wishes to express gratitude and SureWater Technologies wishes to express gratitude and appreciation to Joan Shea and the staff of the Prince appreciation to Joan Shea and the staff of the Prince Georges Community College and to Doug Fox and the Georges Community College and to Doug Fox and the staff of the Montgomery Aquatics Center for their staff of the Montgomery Aquatics Center for their cooperation and diligent work.cooperation and diligent work.

Special thanks to Charles Harper and his staff for their Special thanks to Charles Harper and his staff for their support.support.

Peter AlexanderPeter AlexanderRobert BurrowsRobert BurrowsWolfram HartwigWolfram Hartwig

the effects of high capacity vacuum induction sodium hypochlorite feed on chloramine development...

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