the effects of business ethics
TRANSCRIPT
Point #1: Business Is Global
• Effects of Mortgage Securities failure in US:
• 1. IMF calculates worldwide losses in Trillions
• 2. Multi-Billion in Rescue Packages in US
• 3. 572 Billion in Rescue assurances in Ireland
• 4. France 280 Billion Euro Bank Bailout
• 5. 90 Billion British rescue package
• 6. Spain ‘’Bank Assurances” 72 Billion
More Effects of US Problems
• 7. German DAX index -38%
• 8. Brazillian BM&F Bovespa -40%
• 9. Shanghai SE Composite -60%
• 10. Russian RTS -67%
• 11. US S&P -33%
• 11. Iceland is perhaps going to go bankrupt
• 12. Sovereign Wealth Funds have pulled out
Billions from US
Current Financial Crisis is Due to
Ethical Lapses at Every level
• 1. People borrowing for houses beyond their means
• 2. Banks and Mortgage Brokers not taking responsibility for shaky loans
• 3. Financial Firms wrapping shaky loans into debt securities, a novel financial tool.
• 4. Creative Accounting Irregularities
• 5. Investment/Financial firms focused on short-term
• 6. Analysts under-representing risks
• 7. Wall Street & Stock Consumers acted recklessly
• 8. Lack of regulation and oversight
• 9. Conflicts of interests throughout system
Root Symptoms
• Imprudence (unwise risk taking)
• Taking responsibility without
understanding risks
• Short term view
• Unrealistic optimism
• Greed
• Passing consequences to the unknowing
Our Financial Crisis is In part due
to ethical Lapses
• Failure to lead
• Failure to take responsibility
• Failure to watch out for interests of others
• Self centered exuberance
What is Ethics?
• Minimal: What we shouldn’t do • Don’t steal, don’t kill, don’t lie
• Better: What we should do (justice) • Be fair, Be honest, Fulfill duties, work hard
• Best: What we could do to make things
excellent for all of us…• Improve Current Methods
• Aim High & Create a Beautiful World as we make $
Business: Its purpose/goal
The purpose of business is to make me
money, and increase stockholder value
(Milton Friedman)
Business as a Means to Transform
Culture and Society
• How can we use our power, position, and
money to leverage real change in the
world around us through business
decisions which will change the face of our
cities and communities
where we are?
Business Ethics???
• Business needs ethics to thrive:
1. Trust is foundational to contracts
2. Customer Satisfaction/loyalty
3. Happy Employees = productive employees
4. Transparency is essential to development
5. Unethical practices ultimately undermine business
6. Globalization requires some common values
7. Many Customers want ethical businesses
8. Ethics is important for branding/marketing
Question:
• Does Ethical perception play a
significant role in consumer
behaviors?
--In other words—
• Do Customers really buy products
according to the ethics of companies??
Answer: Yes.
1. Boycotts by ethical shoppers cost big
brands at least £2.6bn a year
2. 2002 ethical consumption in the UK
was worth £19.86bn in 2002
(Co-operative Bank EP Index, 2003)
Consumers Care about Ethics
• In 2002 every household in the UK spent
an average £366 ($730) in line with their
ethical values
• In 2006 they spent £664 ($1330)
(+ 81 per cent)
Co-operative Bank
Ethical Consumerism Report
The “Ethics Factor”
• In developed competitive markets,
many companies distinguish
themselves by positioning their brand
as ‘ethical’ or ‘socially concerned’
Ethics Rankings • The 100 Best Corporate Citizens list ranks
firms based on eight categories:
1. Shareholders
2. community
3. governance
4. diversity
5. employees
6. environment
7. human rights
8. product
Business Ethics 100 Best Corporate
Citizens 2007
1. Green Mountain Coffee 13. Texas Instruments
• 2. Advanced Micro Devices 14. Herman Miller
• 3. NIKE 15. Rockwell Collins
• 4. Motorola 16. Interface,
• 5. Intel Corporation 17. Steelcase
• 6. IBM Inc. 18. Dell Inc.
• 7. Agilent Technologies 19. Cisco
• 8. Timberland 20. Lam Research
• 9. Starbucks 21. Johnson & Johnson
• 10. General Mills 22. Adobe Systems Inc.
• 11. Salesforce.com, Inc. 23. Kimberly-Clark Corp
• 12. Applied Materials 24. Gaiam, Inc.
Business Ethics 100 Best
Corporate Citizens 2007• 25Gap, Inc. (The) 39United Parcel Service
• 26Chaparral Steel 40Microsoft
• 27Pitney Bowes, Inc. 41Chittenden, Inc
• 28Freddie Mac 42PepsiCo, Inc.
• 29Google, Inc. 43Energy Conversion Devices
• 303M Company 44McGraw-Hill
• 31Heartland Financial USA 45Ecolab
• 32Chicago Mercantile Ex 46Wells Fargo
• 33Southwest Airlines Co. 47Autodesk
• 34Eastman Kodak 48Xilinx,
• 35Cummins, Inc. 49Xerox Corporation
• 36American Express 50TradeStation Group
• 37Northwest Natural Gas 51Kellogg Company
• 38Wainwright Bank & Trust
Most Ethically Perceived Brands
• United Kingdom United States Germany
• 1. Co-op 1. Coca Cola 1. Adidas
• 2. Body Shop 2. Kraft 2. Nike
• 3. Marks Spencer 3. Procter Gamble 2. Puma
• 4. Traidcraft 4 Johnson & Johnson 4. BMW
• 5. Cafédirect 4. Kellogg’s 5. Demeter
• 6. Ecover 4. Nike 5. gepa
• 7. Green Black 4. Sony 7. VW
• 7. Tesco 8. Ford 8. Sony
• 9. Oxfam 8. Toyota 8. Trigema
• 10. Sainsbury’s 10. LEVI 10. Bio Produkte
• 11. Innocent 10. Starbucks 10. Body Shop
• 12. Waitrose 12. Ben Jerry’s 10. Hipp
• 13. Clipper Tea 12. Dell 10. Mercedes
• 14. Asda.. 14. Campbell’s 10. Wrangler
BIG Brands want Ethical Brands
• Cadbury Schweppes bought Green & Black's,
a niche but fast growing UK-based organic and
fair trade chocolate firm.
• Nestlé launched Fairtrade certified Partners'
Blend coffee
• Kraft Foods introduced their Kenco
Sustainable Development coffee brand
Unethical Behavior Costs
Companies:
• Corporate Scandals—United States
• - Enron
• - Tyco
• - Adelphia
• - Xerox
• - Rite-Aid
• - Martha Stewart & Madoff
• - ImClone
• - K-Mart
• - Boeing
• - WorldCom
Corporate Scandals-- Europe
• - Mannesmann
• - ELF
• - Royal Dutch Shell
• - VW
• - ABB
• - France Telecom
• - ABN-Ambro
• - Heidelberg Cement
• - Ahold
• - Bank of Italy
• - Siemens
• - Daimler-Chrysler
• - Parmalat
Recent “Subprime” Scandals
• AIG
• Goldman Sachs
• Bear Stearns
• Pricewaterhouse Coopers
• Countrywide
These Scandals cost $
• Settlements
• - AIG ($1.6B)
• - Time Warner-AOL ($510M)
• - KPMG ($465M)
• - Adelphia ($715M)
• - Tyco ($750M)
• - HCA ($1.7B)
• - Prudential ($600M)
• - Tenet ($325M)
• Marsh McLennan ($850M)
• Cardinal Health ($600M)
Results of Recent Scandals
a. Investors have become more demanding
about transparency
b. Consumers have become more
demanding about corporate behaviors
(accounting, environment, production
methods, etc)
c. In U.S., government has become
involved to ease investors’ concerns–
more regulation for business!!
Environmentally “green”
• “Today, social norms regarding the
environment are changing and consumers
are increasingly holding brands
accountable for what they do … As a
result, more and more companies are
making investment decisions that
incorporate brand impact and brand risk
into their equations.” (David Wigder)
What Can Be Done?
• There are a number of ways to improve
the ethical image of your brand.
• Superficial changes are not enough, and
authentic ethical commitment of a brand is
displayed in real action on the part of
companies in order to have real effect.
Example: CocaCola• Coke is proactively
redesigning its bottle to
reduce material use and
pledging to recycle 100% of
bottles sold in the US.
• Results:
1. Reduce Material Costs 10%
2. Improve Public
Relations/Image with Public
Ethical Production
• Nike was criticized for sweatshop labor
issues in East Asia, and many consumers
boycotted Nike.
Nike’s Response
• Nike responded to these criticisms, changed some of their production arrangements, and returned to the list of the “100 most ethical companies” list
Financial Honesty and
Transparency
• Wells Fargo Bank is known for its
disclosure of financial data.
vs
• 48% Insured 82% Insured
• 2 yr wait for ins. 6 month wait
• 66% paid by walmart 92% paid by costco
• 50% Turnover 92% Turnover
• $7.50-11.45/hr $10.50-17/hr
Strong Moral Leadership
• “CEO leads troubled Tyco into turnaround”
• Ed Breen, CEO
• “Cleaned House”:
• Fired Management
• Fired Board
•
What Causes Unethical Behavior?
1. Irrational exuberance + uninhibited self-interest2. Arrogance3. Fraud4. Conflicts-of-interest5. Preferential treatment6. Accounting arbitrage7. Failure of independent auditors8. Failure of analysts9. Failure of rating agencies10. Failure of regulators11. Failure of board oversight12. Culture of greed
Corporate Culture and Performance
StarbucksNordstroms
FedExSouthwest Airlines
CostcoKiewitGoogle