the effective scientific presentation blake papsin

The Effective Scientific Presentation

Blake Papsin

Introduction

goals connect with your audience direct and hold attention promote understanding and

memory

psychological principles

Introduction

interpose perceptual and cognitive psychology i.e. figure/ground

viewer extracts this way

presenter presents this way

Visual Attention

saccades scan visual environment many factors involved industry knows this motivation important

Presentation Goals and Underlying Principles

connect principle of relevance principle of appropriate

knowledge

direct and hold attention principle of salience principle of discriminability principle of perceptual

organization

promote understanding and memory principle of compatibility principle of informative

changes principle of capacity

limitations

Principle of Relevance

enough information to transfer the message figure in relation to ground cognitive dissonance not all the work you did!

Cochlear Implant in Children with Normal Cochlear Anatomy

we implanted normal children for 5 years mean age 4.384 (Std. Dev.= 2.34, range 3.54-

9.32) 64 males:62 females 7.6 % complication rate (3.2% major, 4.4%

minor) one device type in all but 4 other medical illness in 17% (one had IDDM) 3 had siblings with deafness, subsequently

determined to be connexin mutations

Papsin BC, Bailey CM, Albert DA, Bellman SC: Surgical aspects of paediatric cochlear implantation. The Journal of Laryngology and Otology 1997: 1.11: pp 240-244deJong A, Nedzelski J, Papsin BC: Surgical outcomes of paediatric cochlear implantation: The Hospital for Sick Children's experience. Journal of Otolaryngology 1998: 27(1): pp 26-30. Gysin C, Papsin BC, Daya H, Nedzelski J: Surgical outcome after paediatric cochlear implantation: Diminution of complications with the evolution of new surgical techniques. Journal of Otolaryngology 2000: 29(5): pp 285-289.

Principle of Appropriate Knowledge

identify you audience

build on their prior knowledge jargon short forms attach to known concepts expand from known to unknown

Cochleovestibular Anomalies

103 (35%) of implanted children had anom. cochleovestibular anatomy

Cochleovestibular Anomalies Number

cc 8

hc 16ip 42vae 37

bilateral sequential straight electode – cc

deformity

Principle of Salience

attention drawn to large perceptual changes size, colour, motion, brightness superior colliculus – attentional reflex

(shifting attention develops later) relative to other elements

works with pitch and loudness too*

Principle of Salience

when you read THIS, “this” is salient

but

WHEN YOU READ THIS, “THIS” IS NO LONGER SALIENT

.....suppose I am trying desperately to get you to want to understand

information essential to the concept being presented...tell me what would be the best way you would try to pull

information from a series of data points and form a story.

Normal cochleovestibular

anatomy (n=195)

Abnormal cochleovestibular

anatomy (n=103)

Common Cavity (n=8)

Hypoplastic Cochlea (n=16)

Incomplete Partition (n=42)

Vestibular Aqueduct

Enlargement (n=37)

Gender (M:F)

103:92

56:47

7:1

7:9

22:20

20:17

Mean Age (st. dev.) in

years

4.9 (3.9)

6 (4.4)

4.0 (4.2)

5.2 (4.1)

7.2 (4.7)

5.6 (4.1)

Mean Duration

(st..dev.) of Implantation

in months

52.9 (3.8)

33.4 (35.4)

31.7 (22.6)

36.2 (24.7)

26.2 (18.1)

40.6 (30.6)

Progressive Hearing

Loss/ (%)

46 (24%)

32 (31%)

2 (25%)

3 (19%)

20 (49%)

7 (18%)

Pre-operative

meningitis/ (%)

23 (11%)

8 (8%)

0

0

3 (7%)

5 (13%)

Other medical

conditions/ (%)

26 (13%)

14 (14%)

2 (25%)

6 (38%)

0

6 (16%)

CHARGE association

0

6

0

3

3

0

Summary Data as a Function of Cochleovestibular Anomaly



anatomy (n=195)


anatomy (n=103)

Common Cavity (n=8)



Vestibular Aqueduct

Enlargement (n=37)

Gender (M:F)

103:92

56:47

7:1

7:9

22:20

20:17


years

4.9 (3.9)

6 (4.4)

4.0 (4.2)

5.2 (4.1)

7.2 (4.7)

5.6 (4.1)

Mean Duration

(st..dev.) of Implantation

in months

52.9 (3.8)

33.4 (35.4)

31.7 (22.6)

36.2 (24.7)

26.2 (18.1)

40.6 (30.6)

Progressive Hearing

Loss/ (%)

46 (24%)

32 (31%)

2 (25%)

3 (19%)

20 (49%)

7 (18%)

Pre-operative

meningitis/ (%)

23 (11%)

8 (8%)

0

0

3 (7%)

5 (13%)

Other medical

conditions/ (%)

26 (13%)

14 (14%)

2 (25%)

6 (38%)

0

6 (16%)

CHARGE association

0

6

0

3

3

0

Principle of Discriminability

two properties must differ by a large enough proportion or they will not be distinguished lateral inhibition increases contrast – perceive edges

Lateral Inhibition

the capacity of an excited neuron to reduce the activity of its neighbours

sharpens edges

Lateral Inhibition (White Illusion)

Salience vs. DiscriminabilityB

arce

lona

B

olog

na s

core

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

pre post

WIP

I Sco

re

Normal VAS IP Hypo Comcav

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

pre post

TAC

Lev

el


0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5


Ra

te o

f C

han

ge (

WIP

I S

co

re/M

on

ths

)

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.18


Ra

te o

f C

han

ge (

TA

C L

ev

el/

Mo

nth

s)

Speech Perception Tests in Anomalous Cochleae

Principle of Perceptual Organization

humans group elements into units increase capacity/enhance memory group elements/group concepts

laws of “grouping” psychological and perceptual

Psychological Grouping Laws

proximity similarity continuation good form

common fate

XXX XXX

vs.

XX XX XX



common fate



common fate

vs.

Pediatric BAHA

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Age at Initial Surgery

Nu

mb

ero

f P

ati

en

ts

two-stage (N=56) one stage (N=15)

Inter-Stage Interval and Age


proximity similarity continuation good form common fate

[_ _]

vs.

][ _ _



common fate

GJB2 and Non-GJB2 Apex to Base

Apex Base

GJB2 and Non-GJB2 Apex to Base

Principle of Compatibility

message is easiest to understand if it’s form is compatible with its meaning images/text support

each other common sense

large

SMALL

Unilateral SNHL Hearing Loss

Unilateral SNHL Hearing Loss

0102030405060708090100

500 1000 2000 4000

right

left

Percentage of Vote for Political Parties by State

Flow Diagram for Investigating SNHL in Children

identify child

OAE testing

ABR if failed

refer to ENT

audiology prescribes

hearing aids

Principle of Informative Changes

changes in properties carry information colour consistency animation (sounds) information without meaning = distraction minimize ambiguity

Cochlear Implant in Children with Normal Cochlear Anatomy

we implanted normal children for 5 years mean age 4.384 (Std. Dev.= 2.34, range 3.54-

9.32) 64 males:62 females 7.6 % complication rate (3.2% major, 4.4%

minor) one device type in all but 4 other medical illness in 17% (one had IDDM) 3 had siblings with deafness, subsequently

determined to be connexin mutations

Papsin BC, Bailey CM, Albert DA, Bellman SC: Surgical aspects of paediatric cochlear implantation. The Journal of Laryngology and Otology 1997: 1.11: pp 240-244deJong A, Nedzelski J, Papsin BC: Surgical outcomes of paediatric cochlear implantation: The Hospital for Sick Children's experience. Journal of Otolaryngology 1998: 27(1): pp 26-30. Gysin C, Papsin BC, Daya H, Nedzelski J: Surgical outcome after paediatric cochlear implantation: Diminution of complications with the evolution of new surgical techniques. Journal of Otolaryngology 2000: 29(5): pp 285-289.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Me

an

Ag

e o

f D

iag

no

sis

(y

ea

rs)

Screened Referred with highrisk factors

Referred with nohigh risk factors

Referral Group

mild moderate mod-severe severe profound

Age at diagnosis, by severity & route to diagnosis (N=613 with HAs)

Principle of Capacity Limitations

limited capacity to retain and process information four units is ideal

chunking (automating) first and last best retained too much work to

decipher = lost attention

Short Term Memory


anatomy (n=195)


anatomy (n=103)

Common Cavity (n=8)



Vestibular Aqueduct

Enlargement (n=37)

Gender (M:F)

103:92

56:47

7:1

7:9

22:20

20:17


years

4.9 (3.9)

6 (4.4)

4.0 (4.2)

5.2 (4.1)

7.2 (4.7)

5.6 (4.1)

Mean Duration

(st..dev.) of Implantation in months

52.9 (3.8)

33.4 (35.4)

31.7 (22.6)

36.2 (24.7)

26.2 (18.1)

40.6 (30.6)

Progressive Hearing

Loss/ (%)

46 (24%)

32 (31%)

2 (25%)

3 (19%)

20 (49%)

7 (18%)

Pre-operative

meningitis/ (%)

23 (11%)

8 (8%)

0

0

3 (7%)

5 (13%)

Other medical

conditions/ (%)

26 (13%)

14 (14%)

2 (25%)

6 (38%)

0

6 (16%)

CHARGE association

0

6

0

3

3

0


Special Considerations - Colour

not a linear growth colour blindness

8% of males, 0.5% of females

We wanted to study our group of children with abnormal cochleae and see if they do as well as normal children

Special Considerations - Colour

circular not linear use colours well

separated avoid red/blue avoid red/green warm colours to the

foreground

Conclusions

anomalous cochleae:

many varieties

comparable outcome*

associated with: increased surgical

challenge higher rate of complication

Special Considerations

make sure movies workknow your dais (pointer, slide advancer etc.)watch your timepace your talk

tell a story

the effective scientific presentation blake papsin

Documents

salient slide

way slide

unknown slide

motivation important

visual attention saccades

visual environment

normal cochlear anatomy

normal children