Educational System in the Philippines

Presented to:Dr.Novrina Bigilda A. Orge

Presented by:ROCHELLE D. APATAN

Libaba ES/Iba Distrct

Development of Education in the Philippines from Pre-Spanish to Present times

Pre-colonial period

• Pre- Hispanic education in the Philippines was not formal•Education was oral, practical, and hands-on.•The objective was basically to promote reverence for, and adoration of Bathala, respect for laws, customs, and authorities represented by parents and elders

EDUCATION OF THE ANCIENT EARLY FILIPINOS

• The fathers taught their sons how to look for food and other means of livelihood.

• The mothers taught their girls to do the household chores.

• This education basically prepared their children to become good husband and wives.

Early Filipino ancestors valued education very much

• Filipino men and women know how to read and write using their own native alphabet called alibata.

• When the Spaniards arrived in the Philippines they encountered islanders who knew how to read and write.

• 3Rs-Reading, writing and arithmetic

Spanish period•Brought formal education•The Friars or Spanish Missionaries established parochial schools linked with churches to teach catechism to the natives•Instruction was in the dialect.•Education was managed, supervised, and controlled by the friars.•Education in the country was not uniform.•The system of schooling was not structured, thus there were no grade levels.

Tribal tutors were replaced by the Spanish Missionaries or friars

Religion – oriented-Christianism.

Schools for boys and for girls were then opened. Colegios were opened for boys and Beaterios for girls.

• The Universidad de San Ignacio, founded in Manila by the Jesuits in 1589 was the first colegio.

• Girls had two types of schools - the beaterio, a school meant to prepare them for the convent, and another, meant to prepare them for secular womanhood.

• Doctrina Christiana was an early book of Roman Catholic Catechism, written in 1593 by Fray Juan de Plasencia, and is believed to be one of the earliest printed books in the Philippines.

Major Problems• Lack of trained teachers• Lack of teachers • (150 teacher-missionaries to instruct

over half a million inhabitants)• Lack of funds, instructional materials,

and in many instances school houses• Because of high needs, educational

decree of 1863 was implemented

The Educational Decree of 1863

• The Educational Decree of 1863 provided a free public education system in the Philippines, managed by the government.

• Primary education was also declared free and available to every Filipino, regardless of race or social class.

One primary school for boys and girls in each town

Normal school for male teachers

• After the implementation of the decree, the number of schools and students increased steadily.

• Among those who benefited from the free public education system were a burgeoning group of Filipino intellectuals: the Ilustrados ('enlightened ones')José Rizal, Graciano López Jaena, Marcelo H. del Pilar, Mariano Ponce, and Antonio Luna.

Subjects offered: Reading, Christian Doctrine, writing, Spanish, arithmetic, vocal/music,

geography, agriculture, history, needle works (boys and girls)

Philippine Revolution•Curricular reforms1. Secularization of education2. Instruction of Spanish3. Greater attention to natural science4. The design of a relevant curriculum5. Improvement of higher centers of

learning6. Improvement of educational system

• Jose Rizal criticized the friars’ method of instruction in his two novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo

1. Disproportionate focus on religion2. Discourage the attempt of Filipino students

to speak in Spanish3. Lack of pedagogical skills4. Irrelevant courses in the curriculum

CurriculumTo improve the existing curriculum, Rizal considered the ff.

Subjects as required courses in secondary schools• Science• Math• History• Philosophy• Law

• Language• P.E

• Religion• Music

• Social Sciences

American Occupation•The Americans used education as a vehicle for its program benevolent asimilation•American soldiers were the first teachers•Restore damaged school houses, build new ones and conduct classes•Trained teachers replaced soldiers•American teachers infused their students the spirit of democracy and progress as well as fair play.•Education is free.

Schurman Commission – adequate secularized and free public school system

• Taft Commission as per instruction of President McKinley – free primary instruction that trained people for the duties of citizenship and avocation.

English is the medium of instruction

American influences can still be seen in our lifestyle or way of life.

Education also emphasized nationalism so the students were taught about the life of the Filipino

heroes.

In 1941, the total number of students studying in the 400 private schools in the country

reached 10,000

Curriculum• Primary Education

• GMRC• Civics

• Hygiene and Sanitation• Geography

Intermediate Curriculum• Grammar and composition

• Reading, spelling• Science courses • Physiology

• Hygiene and sanitation• Intensive teaching of geography

Vocational education and some household activities like sewing, cooking, and farming

were also given importance

Good manners and discipline were also taught to the students.

The Institute of Private Education was established in order to observe private schools.

There was also the existence of "Adult Education" in order to give formal education even to adults.

TAKE NOTE!It is not surprising that the democratic values

espoused by the Americans, whether SINCERE or NOT, touched a receptive nerve of Filipinos

Americans discarded the religious bias.Educational Act of 1901- Separation of Church

and State in educationEncourage filipino in the field of teaching.Outstanding filipino scholars were sent to US

to train as teachers.

Problem:Created a heavy shortage of teachers

The Philippine Commission authorized the Secretary of Public Instruction to bring to the Philippines 600 teacher from USA. They were

the Thomasites.

1902 – The high school system supported by provincial governments, special educational institutions, school of

arts and trades, an agricultural school and commerce and marine institutes were established.

1908 – The Philippine Legislature approved Act No. 1870 created the University of the

Philippines.

Philippine Commonwealth

•All schools should develop moral character, personal discipline, civic conscience and vocational efficiency•Promote effective participation of the citizens in the processes of a democratic society•Educational Act of 1940 “meet the increasing demand for public instruction and at the same time comply with the constitutional mandate on public education”

Japanese Regime

•6 Basic Principles Of Japanese Education1. Realization of NEW ORDER and promote friendly

relations between Japan and the Philippines to the farthest extent

2. Foster a new Filipino culture based3. Endeavor to elevate the morals of people, giving up

over emphasis of materialism4. Diffusion of the Japanese language in the Philippines5. Promotion of VOCATIONAL course6. To inspire people with the spirit to love neighbor

Tagalog, Philippine History and Character Education was reserved for Filipinos.

Curriculum

• School calendar became longer•No summer vacation for students•Class size increased to 60•Deleted anti-asian opinions, banned the singing of american songs, deleted american symbols, poems and pictures•Nihongo as a means of introducing and cultivating love for Japanese culture.

Love for work and dignity of labor was emphasized.

After World War II

In 1947, by the virtue of Executive Order No. 94, the Department of Instruction was changed to "Department of Education." During this period, the regulation and supervision of public and private schools belonged to the Bureau of Public and Private Schools.

The quality of public school education is generally considered to have declined since the post-war years, mainly due to insufficient funds.

Education after 1940

• The objective of the Philippine Education was to established “integrated, nationalistic, and democracy- inspired educational system” included the ff.

1. Inculcate moral and spiritual values inspired by an abiding faith in God

2. To develop an enlighten, patriotic, useful and upright citizenry in a democratic society

3. Conservation of the national resources4. Perpetuation of our desirable values5. Promote the science, arts and letters

Martial Law period• The Department of Education became the Department of

Education and Culture in 1972, the Ministry of Education and Culture in 1978, and with the Education Act of 1982, the Ministry of Education, Culture, and Sports.

• A bilingual education scheme was established in 1974, requiring Filipino and English to be used in schools.

• Science and math subjects as well as English language and literature classes were taught in English while the rest were taught in Filipino.

• 1972, the Department of Education became the Department of Education and Culture (DECS) under Proclamation 1081, which was signed by President Ferdinand Marcos.

The 1973 Constitution fundamental aims of education in the Philippines:

to foster love of country;to teach the duties of citizenship; andto develop moral character, self-discipline, and

scientific, technological and vocational efficiency.

REFERENCE

•http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Education_in_the_Philippines•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_the_Philippines•THE NATURE AND SCOPE OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT(PHILIPPINE CONTEXT) by PROF. RONNIE ESPERGAL PASIGUI•www.slideshare.net

Thank Youfor Listening and God Bless !!!