the earth’s biomes. home sweet biome what is a biome? a biome is a region of earth where the...
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The Earth’s Biomes
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Home Sweet Biome
What is a biome?
• A biome is a region of Earth where the climate determines the types of plants that live there.
• The types of plants in a biome determine the types of animals that live there.
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What makes one biome different from another?• Climate is the main abiotic factor that
characterizes a biome.
• The position of a biome on Earth affects its climate. For example, biomes closer to the poles have colder climates, those closer to the equator have warmer climates.
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What makes one biome different from another?• Other abiotic factors that characterize a
biome include soil type, amount of sunlight, and amount of water available.
• Abiotic factors affect which organisms can live in a biome.
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What makes one biome different from another?• Plants and animals that live in a biome have
adaptations to its unique conditions.
• For example, animals in biomes that are cold all year often grow thick fur coats. Plants in biomes with seasonal temperature changes lose their leaves and become inactive in winter.
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Life in a BiomeHow are ecosystems related to biomes?• Most biomes stretch across huge areas of
land. Within each biome are smaller areas called ecosystems.
• Each ecosystem includes a specific community of organisms and their physical environment.
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World Biomes
• tundra• taiga (boreal forest)• desert• grassland
• deciduous forest• rain forest• freshwater• marine
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tundra
• Tundra has low average temperatures and very little precipitation. It is found in the Arctic and in high mountain regions.
• The ground contains permafrost, a thick layer of permanently frozen soil beneath the surface.
• The plants have shallow roots. Some animals develop thick fur, some migrate to warmer areas before winter, and some hibernate.
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tundra biome
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tundra plants and animals
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tundra biome
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tundra biome
http://preview.discovery.com/tv-shows/other-shows/videos/assignment-discovery-shorts-iii-biomes-tundra/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4b91MGt-Bg4
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• Taiga, also called boreal forest, has low average temperatures but more precipitation than the tundra. Taiga biomes are found in Canada and northern Europe and Asia.
• Taiga plants include coniferous trees, which are trees that have evergreen, needlelike leaves.
• Migratory birds live in taiga in summer. Some animals live there year-round, and some undergo seasonal changes in fur color.
taiga (boreal forest)
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taiga (boreal forest)
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taiga (boreal forest)
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taiga (boreal forest)
http://preview.discovery.com/tv-shows/other-shows/videos/assignment-discovery-shorts-iii-biomes-taiga/
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• Desert biomes are very dry. Some receive less than 8 centimeters (3 inches) of precipitation each year. Desert soil is rocky or sandy.
• Many deserts are hot during the day and cold at night, although some have milder temperatures.
• Plants and animals in this biome have adaptations that let them conserve water and survive extreme temperatures.
desert
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desert biome
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desert biome
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• Describe how each plant and animal shown here is adapted to the desert biome.
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desert
http://preview.discovery.com/tv-shows/other-shows/videos/assignment-discovery-shorts-iii-biomes-deserts/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t0zIQjzmnT8
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• A grassland is a biome that has grasses and few trees.
• Tropical grasslands, such as the African savanna, have high average temperatures throughout the year. They also have wet and dry seasons.
• Thin soils support grasses and some trees. Grazing animals feed on the grasses, and predators hunt the grazing animals.
grassland
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grassland biome
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grassland plants and animals
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grassland biome
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grassland
http://preview.discovery.com/tv-shows/other-shows/videos/assignment-discovery-shorts-iii-biomes-temperate-grassland/
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• Temperate deciduous forests have moderate precipitation, hot summers, and cold winters.
• This biome has deciduous trees, which are broadleaf trees that drop their leaves as winter approaches.
• During winter, some animals hibernate, but others are active year-round. Many birds migrate to warmer areas before winter.
deciduous forest
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deciduous forest
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deciduous forest plants and animals
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deciduous forest biome
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deciduous forest
http://preview.discovery.com/tv-shows/other-shows/videos/assignment-discovery-shorts-iii-biomes-temperate-forest/
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• Temperate rain forests have a long, cool wet season and a relatively dry summer.
• There are many coniferous trees, and the forest floor is covered with mosses and ferns. The soil is nutrient-rich and plants grow throughout the year.
• Animals include spotted owls, shrews, elk, and cougars.
rain forest
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• Tropical rain forests are located near Earth’s equator. This biome is warm throughout the year, and it receives more rain than any other biome.
• The soil is acidic and nutrient-poor. Yet, these forests sustain dense layers of plants and some of the highest biological diversity on Earth.
• Birds, monkeys, and sloths live in the upper layers of the rain forest. Leafcutter ants, jaguars, snakes, and anteaters live in the lower layers.
rain forest
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rainforest biome
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rainforest plants and animals
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rainforest biome
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• What species can you identify in the different layers of a tropical rain forest?
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rain forest
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_M8Bqkug9GA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i58RWMuVLbQ
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• The major abiotic factors that affect aquatic ecosystems include water temperature, water depth, amount of light, oxygen level, water pH, salinity, and rate of water flow.
aquatic biomes
http://preview.discovery.com/tv-shows/other-shows/videos/assignment-discovery-shorts-iii-biomes-aquatic/
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• Freshwater ecosystems contain water that has very little salt in it. They are found in lakes, ponds, wetlands, rivers, and streams.
• Some plants grow at the edges of lakes and ponds. Others live underwater or grow leaves that float on the surface.
freshwater
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• Lakes and ponds contain protists, such as algae and amoebas, and the eggs and young of frogs and some insects.
• Clams, bacteria, and worms live on the bottom of lakes and ponds and break down dead materials for food.
• Frogs, turtles, fish, and ducks have adaptations that let them swim in lakes and ponds.
freshwater
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• Describe how different plants and animals are adapted to life in or on a pond.
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freshwater biome
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freshwater plants and animals
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freshwater biome
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freshwater
http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/freshwater-biomes-climate-locations-plants-animals.html#lesson
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• Marine ecosystems are saltwater ecosystems. They cover more than 70 percent of Earth’s surface.
• Marine ecosystems are found in the coastal ocean, open ocean, and deep ocean.
marine
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• Marine ecosystems in and along coastal oceans include the intertidal zone and the neritic zone.
• The intertidal zone is the land between high and low tides that includes beaches and rocky shores.
• Organisms that live in this zone are often adapted to changing water depth, wave action, exposure to air, and changing salinity.
marine
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• The neritic zone is the underwater zone from the shore to the edge of the continental shelf.
• Light reaches the bottom of the neritic zone, allowing algae and many plants to live there.
• Coral reefs and kelp forests are found in the neritic zone.
marine
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• The open ocean includes all surface waters down to a depth of about 2,000 meters (6,562 feet). The majority of sea life is found there.
• Ecosystems at the surface are often dominated by tiny organisms called plankton. Organisms adapted to dark, cold conditions live at greater depths.
• Ecosystems in the bathyal zone, which extends from the edge of the continental shelf to its base, are also considered open ocean ecosystems.
marine
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• Deep ocean ecosystems include those in the abyssal zone, which is the part of the ocean below 2,000 meters (6,562 feet).
• Some species that live in the deep ocean have bioluminescence, producing a glowing light to attract mates or prey.
• Microorganisms living near hydrothermal vents use chemicals in the water as an energy source.
marine
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marine biome
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marine biome
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Desert Scrub
Desert
Taiga
Grasslands
Tundra
Deciduous Forest
Chaparral
Savanna
Rainforest
Alpine