the earth is a system
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TRANSCRIPT
THE EARTH IS A SYSTEM
Earth’s Principal Systems
Atmosphere
Hydrosphere
Biosphere
Lithosphere
Magnetosphere
Cryosphere
Fig. 1-1, p. 5
Interaction Among Earth’s Systems
Table 1-1, p. 4
HOW DOES GEOLOGY
AFFECT OUR LIVES?
Fig. 1-3, p. 8
Resources Used by Each Person
Geology and Monuments
Statue of Liberty
Mount Rushmore
Cave of Lascaux
Treasury at Petra
Statue of David
Eifel Tower
Egyptian Pyramids
WHEN WAS THE EARTH
FORMED?
Formation of Solar System
Accretion Disk
Earth’s Formation
The Earth was formed
about 4.5 billion years
ago, from the solar
accretion disk.
Formation of Earth’s Layers
Meteorite Impacts
Gravitation Compression
Heat from Radioactive Decay
Formation of Nickel / Iron Core
Surface Cooling and Formation of Plates
Comet Impacts bring Water
WHERE IN THE UNIVERSE
IS EARTH?
3rd Planet From the Sun
– 93,000,000 miles
Milky Way Galaxy
It is part of a fairly
large spiral galaxy
consisting of about 200
billion stars.
Yellow line indicates
path of Earth as the
galaxy rotates.
WHAT IS THE SHAPE OF
THE EARTH?
Geoid –
Not Quite Round, Not Quite Elliptical
WHAT IS THE EARTH’S
STRUCTURE?
Mantle
Core
Crust
Low-velocity zone
Solid
Outer core
(liquid)
Innercore(solid)
35 km (21 mi.) avg., 1,200˚C
2,900km
(1,800 mi.)
3,700˚C
5,200 km (3,100 mi.), 4,300˚C
10 to 65km
100 km
200 km
100 km (60 mi.)
200 km (120 mi.)
Crust
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
(depth unknown)
Layered
Sphere
Earth’s Interior DivisionsEarth's Interior Divisions
Layer
Name
Outer
Radius
in km
Approx.
Temp.
Compos
ition
Inner
Core
1229 7000 deg. C Solid
Iron
Outer
Core
3484 5000 deg. C Liquid
Iron
Lower
Mantle
5700 2000 deg. C Iron-
rich
Rock
Upper
Mantle
6360 500 deg. C Iron-
rich
Rock
Crust 6371 0 deg. C Basalt,
Granite
WHAT GEOLOGIC PROCESSES
OCCUR WITHIN THE EARTH’S
INTERIOR?
Geological Processes
Plate Tectonics
Heat Transfer
Soil Erosion
Mineral Deposition
Fig. 1-10, p. 16
Fig. 1-11, p. 17
Fig. 1-12, p. 18
Connections between the Plates and
Earth Systems
Table 1-3, p. 18