the dutch transit of venus expeditions of 1874 and 1882
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The Dutch Transit of Venus Expeditions of 1874 and 1882. Robert van Gent, Anne Zandstra, Hans Hooijmaijers & Klaus Staubermann. The visibility circumstances of the transit of Venus of 9 December 1874. Begin of the transit 1:49 UT. End of the transit 6:26 UT. Frederik Kaiser (1808-1872). - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The Dutch Transit of Venus Expeditions of 1874 and 1882
Robert van Gent, Anne Zandstra,Hans Hooijmaijers & Klaus Staubermann
The visibility circumstances of the transit of Venus of 9 December 1874
End of the transit6:26 UT
Begin of the transit1:49 UT
Frederik Kaiser (1808-1872) Volkert S.M. van der Willigen (1822-1878)
Transit of Venus expedition to Réunion (1874)
Location: Saint Denis, Ile de la Réunion (Indian Ocean)Longitude 55° 27' 01.1" EastLatitude 20° 51' 35.3" South
• Jean Abraham Chrétien Oudemans (1827-1906): Chief astronomer. Head Geodetic Survey of Java. Trained by Frederik Kaiser (director of Leiden Observatory from 1837 to 1872). Director of Utrecht Observatory from 1876 to 1895.
• Pieter Jan Kaiser (1838-1916): Astronomer responsible for the photographic observations. Head Department of Verification of Nautical Instruments. Son of Frederik Kaiser.
• Ernst Frederik van de Sande Bakhuyzen (1848-1918): Astronomer. Younger brother of Hendrik Gerard van de Sande Bakhuyzen (director of Leiden Observatory from 1872 to 1908). Director of Leiden Observatory from 1908 to 1918.
• Hendrik Theodorus Soeters (1842-1879): Assistant of J.A.C. Oudemans. Engineer Geodetic Survey of Java.
• Marinus Bernardus Rost van Tonningen (1852-1927): Photographer assigned to assist P.J. Kaiser.
• T.F. Blanken: First mate. Dealt with shipping matters and other odd jobs.
Shipping routes of the Compagnie des Messageries Maritimes (Archives Leiden Observatory)
Main Instruments carried to Réunion (1874)
• Photoheliograph by Dallmeyer (Teyler's Stichting, Haarlem)• Refractor by Utzschneider & Fraunhofer (Mrs. de Beaufort-Stoop)• Merz heliometer (Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen/Haarlem & Bataafsch
Genootschap/Rotterdam)• Steinheil refractor (Leiden Observatory)• Airy double-image micrometer (Leiden Observatory)• Astronomical timekeeper by Fraunhofer & Utzschneider (Leiden Observatory)• 14 chronometers (Topographical Survey of Java: Hohwü 394, 455, 502 & 514, Schmidt
325 & 334; Teyler's Stichting: Knoblich 1700; Leiden Observatory: Kiek & Casseres 547, 549 & 556, Hohwü 568, 591 & 594, Arnold 418)
• 2 universal instruments (Topographical Survey of Java: Repsold and Pistor & Martins)• 3 heliotropes (Leiden Observatory & Polytechnic Institute Delft)• 2 models of the transit of Venus by Boosman (Leiden Observatory)
Refractor by Utzschneider& Fraunhofer lent by mrs. Anna Alida de Beaufort-Stoop
Ø = 9.6 cm; f = 160 cm
Museum Boerhaave, Leiden
Chronometer by Knoblich & Krille (Altona)
Teylers Museum, Haarlem
Model of a Transit of Venus by Willem Boosman (Museum Boerhaave, Leiden)
P.J. Kaiser’s 1862 thesis on the use of photography in astronomy
Photoheliograph by John Henry Dallmeyer (London)
Ø = 10.0 cm, f = 230 cmPlate size = 16.3 × 16.3 cm
Mounting by H. Olland (Utrecht)
Teylers Museum, Haarlem
Plate measuring engine by Repsold & Söhne (Museum Boerhaave, Leiden)
Sketch map of Reunion (Archives Leiden Observatory)
Sketch map of Saint-Denis
Archives Leiden Observatory
Living quarters in Saint-Denis (Archives Utrecht Observatory)
The members of the 1874 transit of Venus expeditionStanding (f.l.t.r.): P.J. Kaiser, M.B. Rost van Tonningen, T.F. Blanken(?) Seated (f.l.t.r.): J.A.C. Oudemans, H.T. Soeters(?), E.F. van de Sande Bakhuyzen
Observation camp in Saint-Denis (Archives Utrecht Observatory)
Observation camp in Saint-Denis (Archives Utrecht Observatory)
Present-day view of the observation camp (photograph Dominique Tournès)
“A day with the natives” (Archives Utrecht Observatory)
Telegram & transcript of the results (Archives Leiden Observatory)
The visibility circumstances of the transit of Venus of 6 December 1882
End of the transit20:15 UT
Begin of the transit13:57 UT
Transit of Venus expedition to Curaçao (1882)
Location: Fort Nassau, Willemstad, Curaçao (West Indies)Longitude 68° 56' 17" WestLatitude 12° 07' 30" North
• Paulus Hendricus Brocx (1856-1933): Chief observer. Naval officer 2nd class. Son of Lodewijk Gerard Brocx, Minister of Naval Affairs from 1868 to 1873.
• Pieter Cornelis Swaan (1857-1931): Assistant. Naval officer 2nd class.• H. Lelyveld: Assistant. Second mate.
Propeller steam ship 3rd class Alkmaar (Maritime Museum, Amsterdam)