the development, progress and current state of china's

11/13/2019

The development, progress

and current state of China's

Modern Marine Ranching

Program

Tao Tian, Yong Chen, Zhongxin Wu,

Jun Yang, Dongkui Gao, Min Liu

1.Dalian Ocean University,

2.Center for Marine Ranching Engineering Science

Research of Liaoning Province, China

3. Marine ranching sub-committee of China Society of

Fisheries

The 6th ISSESR, SARASOTA, USA 11/13/2019

Development Background of marine ranching in China

History of Chinese marine ranching

development

Science and technology system of modern

marine ranching

Application practice of modern marine ranching

OUTLINES

Development Background of marine ranching

in China

Dalian Ocean University

Global hungry population （2015）

World：0.79Billion

China：0.13 Billion

Source：《FAO》

Dalian Ocean University The food Issue in China


Chinese population

（Ten million）

Dalian Ocean University The Food Issue in China

Changes in cultivated land area in China since 2001（Million acres）

China's population reached 1.395

billion in 2018

China's population is expected to drop

to 1.3 billion by 2050

At present, the cultivated land area is

1.8 billion mu（120million ha）

The soil erosion of cultivated land is

serious every year, and the quality of

more than 60% of cultivated land is

poor.


Per capita arable land area

change in China（ha²） • Per capita cultivated land area is less

than 0.1 ha

Dalian Ocean University The Food Issue in China

58958

60194 60703

62144 61624

57000

58000

59000

60000

61000

62000

63000

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Gra

in p

rod

uct

ion

（×

10

4 t）

2012-2016 Grain production in China

• Chinese grain production continued to

grow for 12 years until 2016, when it

began to reduce production.

• Ensuring food security is always on the

way.

Per capita cultivated land area

ha

Source：State Statistical Bureau



Continuous increase of chemical fertilizer and pesticide use in China

Pesticide usage（Ten thousand tons） in China

The Food Issue in China

Fertilizer usage （Million tons）and Grain output（Billion tons） in China

Fertilizer consumption

Total grain output

Fertilizer consumption

(ten million tons)

Total grain output

( hundred million tons)


Land desertification in China is serious. There are about 1.74 million square kilometers in China, accounting for 18% of the land area.

Land desertification


Desertification land distribution map of China


City construction, industrial construction and road

construction occupy part of the cultivated land.

The food Issue in China City construction Industrial construction

Road construction Others



The fresh water resources are insufficient and unevenly

distributed. The total resource is about 2.8 trillion m3, accounting for

6% of the global water resources; the per capita is 2100m3, 1 / 4 of the

world average level, ranking more than 110 in the world.


Distribution of freshwater resources in China

Enough water zone

Abundant water zone

Transition zone

Small amount of water zone

Water shortage zone



Due to the decrease of cultivated land and fresh water resources for grain production

on land and the growing population, food security is threatened, so China turns to marine

development. China has a coastline of 18000 kilometers and a sea area of 3 million square

kilometers. The development and utilization of marine resources can alleviate or solve the

problem of China's food and protein security supply.

Land Ocean


Dalian Ocean University Marine fishery in China

■Exhaustion

■Over fishing

■Full exploitation

■Under explored

■Rebuilding

Since the 1970s, China's marine fishing industry

has experienced a period of rapid development. The

proportion of fully developed and over developed

fish resources has increased significantly, while the

proportion of growing fish resources has declined

sharply. Since the end of the 1990s, the proportion

of depleted resources has increased substantially.

Maximum fishing limit

in coast of China, 8

million tons



The problem of

overfishing in China



Who will feed China？ Who will feed Chinese

fisherman？

Ten Thousand

Year

Number of people living on Fisheries


Aquaculture production in China（1978-2010）


100 thousand tons 10 thousand hectares

seawater

freshwater

10 thousand tons

Year

Aquaculture production in recent five years


Damage to water environment and death of cultured fish



The risk resistance of aquaculture needs to be improved


Drug residues of Scophthalmus maximus

(2006)

High temperature in summer resulted in a large

number of deaths of cultured sea cucumbers(2018)


Controlling pollution

from land

Declining pollution

of aquaculture

Reducing fishing

efforts

Solve the questions

Developing Ecological Fishery and

Establishing Marine Ranching

Sustainable fishery

Guarantee of food-

supply safety

Increasing income

of fisherman

Self-development of

fishery

Enhancement of

national power


Traditional fishing

and aquaculture

Sustainable marine

ranching


History of Chinese marine

ranching development

Grass land Marine ranching

Two-dimensional scale Concept of plane field

Simple structure Easy to manage


Three-dimensional scale Concept of space

Complex structure Difficult to manage


Dalian Ocean University The beginning of ocean ranching in China

In the 1947, Professor Shuping Zhu put forward the concept of "water is the ranch of fish" and advocated "fish farming and development of pastureland on water".

Shuping Zhu (1907-1976) Pioneer and founder of marine ranching development in China


Dalian Ocean University The beginning of ocean ranching in China

Put forward the thought of Marine Agriculture-pastoralization(1977)

Chengkui Zeng(1909-2005) Shunlou Feng Enbo Fu(1960-1999) Yong Chen

Promote the development of artificial reef in China(1983)

Put forward the concept of marine ranching in China for the first time(1991)

Put forward the concept and technical system of modern marine ranching(2009)


Dalian Ocean University History of construction

1979

•Artificial reef experiment in Guangxi Province

•Carrying out seeds releasing in 1980s（Fenneropnaeus chinensis）

2002

•Guangdong Province invests 800 million yuan to build artificial reef

•The rise of local government investment and construction

•Seeds releasing continued to develop

2006

•The Ministry of agriculture transfer project, national investment construction demonstration area of marine ranching

•To carry out the construction of algae bed step by step

2015

•233 demonstration areas of marine ranching have been built in China.

•Start to build national marine ranching demonstration area

•Up to now, 86 national marine ranching demonstration areas have been built



A total of 86（Two thirds in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea），14 of them are located in Dalian.

• Each ranching in the demonstration area will be given

25 million Yuan of construction funds.

• The main construction contents are artificial

reef(Over 70% of capital), seaweed bed,

environmental monitoring system, etc.

• Under the unified management of the Ministry of

agriculture and rural affairs of the P.R.C

• The Ministry of agriculture and rural affairs has set up

an expert group of 100 people.

• At present, a series of standards for the construction

of marine ranching are being formulated.

national marine ranching demonstration zone


national marine ranching demonstration zone

A series of management documents. (Focus

on the effect evaluation after construction)

“National marine ranching demonstration

area construction plan(2017-2025)”. It is

planned to build 200 national demonstration

areas by 2025.

The types of marine ranching in China are as follows:


• Maintain and conservation (Environmental improving)

• Enhancement (Seafood production)

• Leisure (Recreational fishery)

North of China Stone reefs, small concrete reefs （for rare seafood especially sea cucumber）

South of China The larger concrete(for fish trap and enhancement） Artificial coral reef



Artificial reef≠Marine ranching

Before 2000, even before 2006

Technical framework of marine ranching

Artificial reef

Seeds releasing

Fish behavior

control and tracing

Marine environme

ntal monitoring

Environment friendly

fishing

Marine Ranching

Management

Key technologies of marine ranching based on

Ecosystem (2008)


Modern marine ranching science and

technology system

Modern marine ranching definition Dalian Ocean University

The concept and technical system was put

forward for the first time in National

Symposium on artificial reefs and marine

ranching(2009)

Further enrich and elaborate in 2012, the

symposium New view, new theory and

Academic Salon: the present and future of

ocean Ranching


The modern marine ranching is a kind of marine

fishery production mode based on the ecosystem,

which is supported by modern technology, using

modern management theories and methods, and the

ultimate purpose is that ecosystem is healthy, the

resource is rich, and the product is safe.

Modern marine ranching definition Dalian Ocean University



Modern marine ranching definition


Modern marine ranching

Modern

marine ranching

Engineering

(Ecological engineering, Environmental engineering)

Technology

(Ecological technology, Biotechnology, Environmental technology, Breeding technology,

Information technology, Systems engineering technology, Internet of Things technology)

Science

(Oceanography, Ecology, Biology, Engineering, Informatics

Economics, Management, Systematics)

Discipline system of Modern marine ranching definition



Modern marine ranching definition

Comprehensive restoration and optimization of

habitat

Healthy seed breeding of aquatic

organisms

Fish behavior domestication and

control

Seeds releasing Ecological health

cultivation

Real time online monitoring and early

warning of marine environment

Coastal land-based aquaculture and

aquaculture

Product quality and efficient development

and utilization

Warehousing logistics and marketing

Leisure and experience

Construction of intelligent

information management

platform

Establishment of marine ranching culture system

Investigation and assessment of marine

environment and biological resources

Modern marine

ranching


Modern marine ranching application

practice


Construction and Application

Sketch map of marine ranching in Zhangzi Island, China

The research and construction of modern

marine ranching in China started in 2008

under the chairmanship of Dalian Ocean

University, Zhangzi Island company and

many scientific research institutes and

enterprises jointly carried out the

research and construction of modern

marine ranching demonstration area in

Zhangzi Island.




New materials of artificial reefs, new structure and new deploying methods.

A series of technology to build algae bed.

Resource investigation, detection and evaluation techniques such as acoustics survey



Articficial reef material

strength

pH

Biological attachment



Study on the trapping effect of

different reef types on Stichopus

japonicus, Haliotis discus hannai,

Echinoidea, Hexagrammos otakii and

Sebastes schlegelii

Simulation study on artificial reef

flow field


2019/11/19 hexagrammos otakii



We have studied the Precious Seafood athletic ability, obtained the relevant technical parameters of the stock enhancement and formed a number of technical specifications, These can scientifically guide the bottom sowing and the stock enhancement.

We have developed unmanned submarine visualization system, scallop sowing semi-mechanized device, scallop ecological harvesting net and the equipment of fixed-point observation of marine.


陈校长/向董事长汇报材料PPT/dandu.mpg



We carried out research on the behavior of sebastes schlegeli and hexagrammos otakii in the laboratory, and obtained the parameters of sound taming.

We have researched and developed the first set of domestic independent intellectual property rights of the domestication of sound equipment and the entire set of equipment is all domestic.

We carried out research on the domestication of sebastes schlegeli and hexagrammos otakii in sea habitat. Through the field test, the proportion of fish in remote control marine ranching was over 85%.


Acoustic taming on the sea



We independently developed the marine environment factor real-time online monitoring and analysis system and the first application in the environmental monitoring and management of marine ranching demonstration area, and have two software copyright registration.

The system is stable and can monitor the temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, flow rate, chlorophyll a and other environmental parameters in real time.

Through the real-time monitoring of environmental factors, the system can provide environmental warning function in order to take timely response measures and provide support for the Marine Ranching scientific management.


Prospects for research and construction of marine

The influence process of multi-production factors of marine ranching based

on ecosystem (fishing, aquaculture and enhancement).

The multi-factor integrated marine ranching（To ensure the sustainable

development and utilization of ecology, environment and resources）.

Continuous improvement of informatization, automation and intelligence.

Marine comprehensive utilization (offshore wind farm&marine ranching,

Offshore oil drilling platform&MR, IMTA&MR……)


The first research center of marine ranching in China (2006).

Undertaking the first national research project in 2008

In 2015, it completed the first technical achievement of marine

ranching system

Advantages in R & D area:

• Planning and design of artificial reefs

• Construction of artificial algal bed

• Construction of sea food enhancement field

• Taming and controlling of fish behavior

• Selective fishing technology

• Scientific and formal seeds releasing

• Real time online monitoring and early warning of

environmental factors

• Survey and evaluation of stock with advanced technique

• New management methods

Center for Marine Ranching Engineering Science

Research of Liaoning Province



Marine ranching sub-committee of China

Society of Fisheries (Established in 2016 by

DOU)

National modern marine ranching science

and Technology Innovation Alliance

(Established in 2017 by DOU)



The international symposium on modern marine (freshwater) ranching

held by marine ranching sub-committee of China Society of Fisheries.

From 2017-2019, we have held the International Symposium On Modern Marine

(freshwater) Ranching for three times.

The 1st ISMMR in CHIFENG

(2017)

The 2nd ISMMR in DALIAN

(2018)

The 3rd ISMMR in HAIKOU

(2019)



China International Marine Ranching Fair held in Dalian（2018 and 2019）.


THANK YOU Dalian Ocean University

Appreciate to： Prof. Yong Chen Prof. Guosheng Zhang Prof. Haiying Liu Prof. Chuancai Xu Prof. Yong Tang Zengqiang Yin Xiaoming Yu Binbin Xing Kun Xing Zhongxin Wu Jun Yang Yonghu Liu Min Liu …….

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