the definition of terrorism

8/3/2019 The Definition of Terrorism

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^fk Nkiaea~ade di krrdrash

@ _krd~ oq Ldn C`lalk di Okakz P%C%

Aenkrkenke~ _kyakzk di ^kdash Lkjasl`~ade

Ch :2;?



^fk Nkiaea~ade di krrdrash

@ _krd~ oq Ldn C`lalk di Okakz P%C%

Aenkrkenke~ _kyakzk di kdash Lkjasl`~ade

Rkske~kn ~d R`la`hke~oq ~fk Skck~`q di S~`~k id ~fk Fdhk Nkr`~hke~,

oq Cdhh`en di Fk H`mks~q

H`cf ?22:

Ch :2;? £1%22



¡ Cdze Cdrqajf~ ?22:

^fk ~kv~ ae ~fas ndc{hke~ &kvcl{naej ~fk _dq`l @hs èn nkr`~hke~`l ldjds! h`q ok

krdn{ckn ikk di cf`jk ae èq idh`~ d hkna{h rdyanaej ~f`~ a~ as krdn{ckn

`cc{`~klq èn ed~ {skn ae ` haslk`naej cde~kv~% ^fk h`~ka`l h{s~ ok `cgedzlknjkn `s

Cdze cdrqajf~ èn ~fk ~a~lk di ~fk ndc{hke~ srkcaiakn%

@eq kep{aaks kl`~aej ~d ~fk cdrqajf~ ae ~fas ndc{hke~ sfd{ln ok `nnksskn ~d ^fk

Lackesaej Nayasade, FHSD, S~ Clkhke~s Fd{sk, ?–09 Cdlkj`~k, Edzacf E_3 0OP%I`v= 20923 :?3222 d k(hàl= lackesaejBcòaek~(diiack%v%jsa%jdy%{g



^FK NKIAEAÂDE DI ^K__D_ASH

@ _KRD_^ OQ LD_N C@_LALK DI OK__AKZ P%C%

AENKRKENKE^ _KYAKZK_ DI ^K__D_ASH LKJASL@ÂDE

AE^_DN[CÂDE

0% De ~fk 1~f Edykhok ?22; ~fk ~fke Fdhk Skck~`q fk _~% Fde% Cf`lks Cl gk

H%R% ~dln ~fk Fd{sk di Cdhhdes ~f`~ fk f`n `jkkn ~d ` kp{ks~ idh ~fk Cfàhè

di ~fk Sklkc~ Cdhha~~kk de Fdhk @iiàs,^fk _~% Fde% Mdfe Nkef`h H%R%, ~f`~ A

sfd{ln cden{c~ ` kyakz di ~fk nkiaea~ade di ~kdash èn krd~ `ccdnaejlq 0% A f`n

jayke hq rad `jkkhke~ ~d ~fk Fdhk Skck~`q%^fas as ~fk ks{l~aej krd~%

?% A z`s sgkn ~d {enk~ gk ~fas ~`sg okc`{sk, saeck Skr~khok ?220, A f`yk okke ~fk

aenkrkenke~ kyakzk di lkjasl ~ade cdeekc~kn za~f ~kdash% A f`yk rdn{ckn

skyk`l krd~s ae ~f`~ ~ahk, `ll di zfacf cè ok id{en ya` ~fk Fdhk Diiack zkosa~k?

%

Hds~ di hq krd~s `k cdeckekn za~f ~fk zdgaej èn ia~ekss id r{rdsk di ~fk

@c~s di R`la`hke~ ae p{ks~ade, `~fk ~fè za~f od`nk cdeckr~{`l ass{ks% ^fk

zdg aeydlykn ae rkràej ~fdsk krd~s f`s jayke hk s{os~è~a`l aesajf~ ae~d ~fk

r`c~ac`l zdg aeydlykn ae cd{e~kaej ~kdash% A f`yk srke~ ~ahk za~f rdlack, FH

_kyke{k en C{s~dhs,èn ~fk hkn skyacks% A f`yk lddgkn cldsklq ~ ~fk sa~{`~ade

ae Ed~fke Aklèn, èn f`yk cdes{l~kn za~f rdla~ac`l r`~aks èn cdhh{ea~q

jd{rs ~fkk% A `h oakikn oq ~fk Skc{a~q Skyack% A zklcdhk èn kckayk hèq

krkske~`~ades idh hkhoks di ~fk r{olac, `c`nkhac cde~ao{~ds, l`zqks èn

rdla~acaès%

–0–

0 Fd{sk di Cdhhdes Fès`n nko`~ks id 1 Edy ?22; cdl 33;%

? zzz%fdhkdiiack%jdy%{g èn idlldz ‖skc{a~q‑ laegs%



3% Hq o`cgjd{en èn kvrkakeck hkè ~f`~ ~fas krd~ as ed~ è `c`nkhac ~k ~ask%

_`~fk, a~ as ae~kenkn ~d ok è aeidhkn cdllkc~ade di ~fd{jf~s èn `nyack o`skn de

nakc~ èn aenakc~ r`c~ac`l kvrkakeck, kyanke~a`llq id{enkn zfkkyk rdssaolk,

èn de ksk`cf%

>% Id ~fas krd~ ~d kè cknaoala~q a~ skkhkn ~d hk ksske~a l ~f`~ `ll rd~ke~a`llq

ae~kks~kn jd{rs èn rksdes sfd{ln f`yk ~fk drrd~{ea~q ~d cde~ao{~k%

@ccdnaejlq, ` c`ll id r`rks z`s `nyk~askn ae e`~ade`l ekzsr`rks ae Iko{`q

?229%@ zank èjk di rd~ke~a`l cde~ao{~ds z`s cde~`c~kn nakc~lq oq khàl èn

lk~~k% @ zkkg(ldej ~`ykllaej skhae` ~ddg rl`ck, za~f aeya~`~ades cd(dnae ~kn oq

cdeikkeck djèasks ~d kes{k `s zank ` k`cf `s z`s `rrdra`~k%^fas skhae`

yasa~kn Okli`s~, C`naii, Jl`sjdz èn Ed~~aejf`h `s zkll `s fdlnaej ~zd skssades ae

Ldende% A z`s rlk`skn ~d skk hkhoks di ~fk jkek`l r{olac `~ ~fdsk skhae`s èn

z`s j`~ki{l id ~fk cde~ao{~ades di srk`gks di ed~k ae ~fk lkj`l, `c`nkhac èn

sdca`l rdlacq skc~ds% A f`yk lkèkn h{cf idh ~fdsk skhae`s, `s idh ~fk hèq

za~~ke cde~ao{~ades kckaykn%

;% A zasf ~d kcdn hq srkca`l j ~a~{nk ~d C`qs Dzke, oàs~k, zfd f`s ssas~kn hk

kv~kesayklq za~f ksk`cf, ank`s èn djèas`~ade7 Nkod`f Hdss, zfd ksk`cfkn

~kdash nkiaea~ades èn kl`~kn ndc{hke~s idh `d{en ~fk zdln èn `sskholkn

~fkh ae~d hè`jkòlk dnk, èn ~d diiaca`ls, zfd h`nk ~fk èjkhke~s ~d

i`cala~`~k hq zdg de ~fas krd~% A dzk ~khkend{s nko~ ~d ~fk hèq cde~ao{~ds

di yakzs èn r`rks%^fkk f`yk okke sd hèq, sdhk ekckss alq cdeianke~a l ae

e`~{k, ~f`~ A f`yk cdecl{nkn ~f`~ ~fk rdn{c~ade di ` las~ di ~fkh zd{ln f`yk la~~lk

hkèaej% Fdzkyk, ai èq di ~fk cde~ao{~ds zd{ln lagk cdeiah`~ade di ~fka

cde~ao{~ades, A sfd{ln ok f`rrq ~d rdyank ~fk `rrdra`~k `cgedzlknjkhke~%

^fkq cè cde~`c~ hk id ~fas r{rdsk ya` c`lalk`Br`la`hke~%{g%

–?–



O@CGJ_D[EN

9% ^fkk as ed {eayks llq `cckr~kn nkiaea~ade di ~kdash% A~ kh aes ~fk s{omkc~ di

cde~ae{aej nko`~k ae ae~ke`~ade`l odnaks%

:% @ {ski{l s~ ~aej rdae~ id ~fas krd~ as ~fk nkiaea~ade di ~kdash aecl{nkn ae ~fk

Rkyke~ade di ^kdash &^khrd`q Rdyasades! @c~ 0161=

“%%%% ~fk {sk di yadlkeck id rdla~ac`l kens, èn aecl{nks èq {sk di yadlkeck id ~fk

r{rdsk di r{~~aej ~fk r{olac d èq skc~ade di ~fk r{olac ae ik`%‘

6% ^f`~ nkiaea~ade f`n h`md n`zo`cgs% ^fd{jf a~ kvcl{nkn ~fk`~s di yadlkeck,

d~fkzask a~ z`s ykq od`n sd i` `s `c~ades zkk cdeckekn% Ed~òlq, a~ nan ed~

kp{ak ` skad{s lkykl di yadlkeck d skad{s n`h`jk d asg ~d fk`l~f èn sìk~q d

klkc~deac nas{r~ade% Cdeyksklq, a~ z`s ks~ac~kn ae ~khs di ae~ke~ade$nksaje, ae

~f`~ a~ kvcl{nkn yadlkeck id ` klajad{s ken, d id ` ede(rdla~ac`l ankdldjac l ken%

Skc~ade 0 ^kdash @c~ ?222 z`s nksajekn ~d khknq nkikc~s ae ~fk 0161

nkiaea~ade%

1% Ae fas skhae`l kyakz di ~kdash lkjasl ~ade ae 0119 Ldn Lldqn di Okzacg 3

kcdhhkenkn ~f`~ ` naiikke~ nkiaea~ade sfd{ln ok `ndr~kn% Fk s{jjks~kn ~fk

drk`~ade`l nkiaea~ade {skn ~ ~fk ~ahk oq ~fk Iknk`l O{k`{ di Aeyks~aj`~ade ae ~fk [S@=

“^fk {sk di skad{s yadlkeck `jàes~ rksdes d rdrk~q, d ~fk`~ ~d {sk s{cf

yadlkeck, ~d ae~ahan`~k d cdkck ` jdykehke~, ~fk r{olac d èq skc~ade di ~fk

r{olac, ae dnk ~d rdhd~k rdla~ac`l, sdca`l d ankdldjac`l domkc~ayks%‘

–3–

3 Aep{aq ae~d Lkjasl`~ade `jàes~ kdash= W0119X Ch 3>?2=r`` ;%??%



Fdzkyk, `s Ldn Lldqn ed~kn `~ ~fk ~ahk, ~f`~ nkiaea~ade zd{ln ed~ cdyk s{cf

sa~{`~ades `s ~fk nas{r~ade di à ~ìiac cde~dl d d~fk ya~`l klkc~deac sqs~khs%

Yadlkeck èn n`h`jk `k ed~ sqedeqhs oq èq hkès% Skad{s n`h`jk ~d s{cf

sqs~khs h`q f`yk n`s~ac cdeskp{kecks%^fk nkiaea~ade aecl{nkn ae zf`~ okc`hk

~fk kdash @c~ ?222 z`s nko`~kn ~ lkej~f ae R`la`hke~%Ldn Lldqn fahskli sàn

di a~=

“Zk h{s~ doyad{slq nd d{ oks~ za~f ~fk nkiaea~ade%Fdzkyk, f`yaej srke~ hèq

fd{s lddgaej `~ hèq naiikke~ nkiaea~ades, A cè delq `jkk za~f zf`~ z`s sàn

oq od~f ~fk edolk Ldn, Ldn Jddnf`~, èn ~fk edolk Ldn, Ldn Cdrk7 e`hklq,

~f`~ ~fkk `k jk`~ naiiac{l~aks ae iaenaej ` s`~asi c~dq nkiaea~ade% Aenkkn, A z`s

{eòlk ~d nd sd èn A s{srkc~ ~f`~ edek di {s zall s{cckkn%@s A s`q, zk h{s~ nd

d{ oks~ o{~ A fdrk zk zall ed~ srken ~dd h{cf ~ahk de ~fk nkiaea~ade‘%

02% A `h ke~aklq ae `jkkhke~ za~f ~f`~ cdhhke~% F`n `s A f`yk s~ayke, èn `s hèq

nkiaea~ades `s A f`yk k`n, A f`yk iàlkn ~d cdecl{nk ~f ~ ~fkk as dek ~f`~ A cd{ln

kj`n `s ~fk r``najh%[es{rasaejlq, A f`yk okke {eòlk ~d `cfakyk zf`~ z`s ed~

`cfakykn oq Ldn Lldqn – rkf`rs okc`{sk a~ as ed~ rdssaolk ~d nd sd%^fas krd~ zall

ed~ diik h`md ekz s~ ~{~dq lèj{`jk% Fdzkyk, A fdrk ~f`~ ~fk {eoa`skn k`nk

zall `cckr~ ~f`~ a~ rdn{cks kh`gs èn kcdhhken`~ades c`ròlk di hàe~àeaej

` rdrk o`lèck ok~zkke ~fk kvajkecaks rkske~kn oq ~fk ~qrks di ~kdash

kyanke~ jldo`llq `~ rkske~,èn ~fk ekkn ~d s{s~àe ` ià sqs~kh di l`z id{enkn de

{enal{~kn nkhdc`~ac y`l{ks%

–>–



^FK R_KSKE^ NKIAEAÂDE

00% ^fk rkske~ nkiaea~ade di ~kdash {skn ae [G lkj`l sqs~khs as ~d ok id{en ae

skc~ade 0, kdash @c~ ?222, `s `hkenkn>=

0 ^kdash= ae~krk~`~ade

&0! Ae ~fas @c~ “~kdash‘ hkès ~fk {sk d ~fk`~ di `c~ade zfkk„

&`! ~fk `c~ade i`lls za~fae s{oskc~ade &?!,

&o! ~fk {sk d ~fk`~ as nksajekn ~d aeil{keck ~fk jdykehke~ d è

ae~ke`~ade`l jdykehke~`l djèas`~ade d ~d ae~ahan`~k ~fk r{olac

d ` skc~ade di ~fk r{olac, èn

&c! ~fk {sk d ~fk`~ as h`nk id ~fk r{rdsk di `nyècaej ` rdla~ac`l,

klajad{s d ankdldjac`l c`{sk%

&?! @c~ade i`lls za~fae ~fas s{oskc~ade ai a~„

&`! aeydlyks skad{s yadlkeck `jàes~ rksde,

&o! aeydlyks skad{s n`h`jk ~d rdrk~q,

&c! kenèjks ` rksde‑s laik, d~fk ~fè ~f`~ di ~fk rksde cdhha~~aej

~fk `c~ade,

&n! ck`~ks ` skad{s asg ~d ~fk fk`l~f d s ik~q di ~fk r{olac d ` skc~ade

di ~fk r{olac, d

&k! as nksajekn skad{slq ~d ae~kikk za~f d skad{slq ~d nas{r~ è

klkc~deac sqs~kh%

&3! ^fk {sk d ~fk`~ di `c~ade i llaej za~fae s{oskc~ade &?! zfacf aeydlyks ~fk

{sk di iak`hs d kvrldsayks as ~kdash zfk~fk d ed~ s{oskc~ade &0!&o!

as s`~asiakn%

&>! Ae ~fas skc~ade„

&`! “`c~ade‘ aecl{nks `c~ade d{~sank ~fk [ea~kn Gaejndh,

&o! ` kikkeck ~d èq rksde d ~d rdrk~q as ` kikkeck ~d èq rksde,

d ~d rdrk~q, zfkkyk sa~{`~kn,

&c! ` kikkeck ~d ~fk r{olac aecl{nks kikkeck ~d ~fk r{olac di cd{e~q

d~fk ~fè ~fk [ea~kn Gaejndh, èn

–;–

> @ kj{l`lq {rn`~kn c{ke~ ~kv~ di ~fk kdash @c~ ?222 as edz rdyankn oq ~fk jdykehke~ `~ zzz%s~`{~kl`z%jdy%{g



&n! “~fk jdykehke~‘ hkès ~fk jdykehke~ di ~fk [ea~kn Gaejndh, di `

R`~ di ~fk [ea~kn Gaejndh d di ` cd{e~q d~fk ~fè ~fk [ea~kn

Gaejndh%

&;! Ae ~fas @c~ ` kikkeck ~d `c~ade ~`gke id ~fk r{rdsks di ~kdash aecl{nks

` kikkeck ~d `c~ade ~`gke id ~fk okekia~ di ` rdscaokn djèas`~ade%

WE%O% ^fk zdns ae s{oskc~ade &0!&o! “d è ae~ke`~ade`l jdykehke~`l

djèas`~ade‘ zkk aesk~kn oq ~fk kdash @c~ ?229,s 3>&`!, èn c`hk ae~d idck

de ~fk 03~f @ral ?229%X;

0?% ^fk nkiaea~ade as di k`l r`c~ac l ahrd~èck% A~ ~ajjks hèq rdzks, `s zkll `s

cde~ao{~aej ~d ~fk nkscar~ade di diikecks% Id kv`hrlk, a~ keòlks ~fk `{~fda~aks

~d ~`gk `c~ade ae kl`~ade ~d s{srkc~kn ok`cfks di skc~ade 0, kdash @c~ ?229 ,

zfacf h`gks a~ è diikeck ~d r{olasf ` s~`~khke~ ae~kenkn aenakc~lq ~d kecd{`jk

`c~s di ~kdash7~d rdscaok djèas`~ades {enk ^kdash @c~ ?222 skc~ade 37 ~d

nk`l za~f ~kdas~ rdrk~q7 ~d cdnde `k`s7 ~d `ks~ ` rksde k`sdeòlq

s{srkc~kn di okaej ` ~kdas~ za~fd{~ z`è~,r{s{è~ ~d skc~ade >07 ~d s~dr èn

sk`cf za~fd{~ s{sracade {enk skc~ade >>7 ~d nk~àe èn p{ks~ade rksdes `~ rd~s

di ke~q {enk scfkn{lks : èn 6 %

03% Hèq f`yk s~ayke ~d iaen ` nkiaea~ade id ~kdash9%Cdecl{sades f`yk okke nayksk%

“@odyk ~fk j`~ks di fkll as ~fk zèaej ~f`~ `ll ~f`~ ke~k sfd{ln òènde fdrk%

Lkss nak o{~ ~d ~fk s`hk kiikc~ as ~fk zèaej jayke ~d ~fdsk zfd ~q ~d nkiaek

~kdash‘ , sàn dek `{~fd :% @ed~fk, p{ks~adeaej zfk~fk ~kdash z`s zd~f

nkiaeaej,` gkq p{ks~ade,~fd{jf~ nkiaea~ade as ed k`sak ~d iaen ~fè ~fk Fdlq Jàl6%

–9–

; SA ?229$0203, `~ ?&0!, &?!&o!%

9 Ae hq sk`cf id `c nkhac sd{cks èn h`~ka`ls de ~fas s{omkc~,`s ae e{hkd{s d~fk cdeekc~kn ksrkc~s, A `h fk`yalq ae ~fknko~ di Rdikssd Clayk Z`lgk di Lkkns [eayksa~q7èn di Rdikssd Cded Jk`~q di ~fk Ldende Scfddl di Kcdedhacs%^fkq h`q nas`jkk za~f sdhk di hq cdecl{sades, id zfacf A `ldek `h ksrdesaolk%

: ^{cgk N, Sgahasfks `~ ~fk Knjk di Khrak &R`kjk,Zks~rd~,011:,r;0!%

6 Lkya~~ J, As kdash Zd~f Nkiaeaej4 W0169X Dfad Ed~fke [eayksa~q L`z _kyakz 1:%



0>% Dek `c`nkhac nkiaea~ade ~f`~ f`s id{en zank ksrkc~ as o`skn de ` laej{as~ac s{ykq

di dyk 022 nkiaea~ades rdn{ckn `d{en ~fk zdln1% A~ rdyanks=

‖ kdash as è èvak~q(aesraaej hk~fdn di krk`~kn yadlke~ `c~ade, khrldqkn

oq &skha(! clènks~aek aenayan{ l, jd{r d s~`~k `c~ds, id anadsqec`~ac,

cahae`l d rdla~ac`l k`sdes, zfkkoq – ae cde~ s~ ~d `ss`ssae`~ade – ~fk nakc~

~`jk~s di yadlkeck `k ed~ ~fk hàe ~`jk~s‑%

0;% Kyke ` c{sdq kv`hae`~ade di ~f`~ ede(lkjasl`~ayk ~kv~ nkhdes~ ~ks ~f`~ a~s

{end{o~kn y`l{k as `s ~fk ldzks~ cdhhde nkedhae`~d rdn{ckn idh ` zank

èjk di sd{cks%A~ as ~fk ks{l~ di ` sk`cf hdk id cl`ssaiac`~ade ~fè nkiaea~ade%

Id kv`hrlk, a~ zd{ln aecl{nk ~fk `c~aya~aks di ` ldek, yadlke~ èn kccke~ac

c`hràjek `jàes~ ~fk {sk di klkc~aca~q7 d `jàes~ l`zs rdfaoa~aej shdgaej ae

r{olac rl`cks7 d ^fdh`s F`hal~de ~fk ldek N{eolèk cfaln h{nkk% kaolk

cahks ~fd{jf fk cdhha~~kn, ~kdash as ed~ ` s{a~òlk lòkl%

09% ^kdash @c~ ?222 skc~ade 0 as ed~ ~fk delq c{ke~ nkiaea~ade di ~kdash ae [G

L`z%^fk _kaes{èck &@c~s di ^kdash! @c~ 0113 skc~ade ?&?! rdyanks=

“Ae ~fas skc~ade “`c~s di ~kdash‘hkès `c~s di rksdes `c~aej de okf`li di, d

ae cdeekc~ade za~f, èq djèas`~ade zfacf càks d{~ `c~aya~aks nakc~kn

~dz`ns ~fk dyk~fdzaej d aeil{kecaej, oq idck d yadlkeck, di Fk H`mks~q‑s

jdykehke~ ae ~fk [ea~kn Gaejndh d eq d~fk jdykehke~ nk m{k d nk i`c~d‘

–:–

1 Scfhan @ èn Mdejhè @ nkaykn ?? zdn c`~kjdaks idh ` s~{nq di 021 nkiaea~ades7 Rdla~ac`l ^kdash &Ed~f(Fdllèn, @hs~kn`h,016:!%



^fk 0113 @c~ nkiaea~ade nk`ls za~f r`~ac{l` ass{ks cdeekc~kn za~f aes{èck% A~ as

ca~kn hàelq id cdhrlk~kekss% Fdzkyk, a~s cdecke~ ~ade de djèas`~ades

s{rrd~s èn as è kv`hrlk di ~fk yakz ~f`~ ~fk aeydlykhke~ di ` jd{r d

cdllkc~ayk di sdhk gaen as cke~`l ~d zf`~ sfd{ln ok kj`nkn `s ~kdash `s

drrdskn ~d anadsqec`~ac nèjkd{s `c~ades oq aenayan{`ls%

–6–



AE^K_E@ÂDE@L SD[_CKS

0:% A f`yk `~~khr~kn ~d c`~kjdask e`~ade`l nkiaea~ades di ~kdash%@l~fd{jf sdhk di

~fk cdhhke~s ae òlk 0 okldz h`q ed~ cdhhèn {eayks`l `jkkhke~, A ~{s~ ~f`~

~fkq zall ok `cckr~kn `s ` ià m{njhke~02%@ll ~fk cd{e~aks e`hkn `k saje`~daks ~d

` zank èjk di ae~ke`~ade`l ~k`~aks de ~kdash èn a~s cdeskp{kecks%

06% òlk 0=Cd{e~aks

^kdash kikkn ~d ae ~fkcahae`l cdnk, o{~ ~fkk ked~ srkcaiac ~kdashdiikecks

Ed skr``~k e`~ade`lnkiaea~ade

@{s~a`

Skk Skc{a~q Lkjasl`~ade @hkenhke~ &^kdash! @c~ ?22?%@e `c~ade ~d `nyèck `rdla~ac`l, klajad{s d ankdldjac`l c`{sk èn za~f ~fk ae~ke~ade di cdkcaej ~fkjdykehke~ d ae~ahan`~aej~fk r{olac%

Sahal` nkiaea~ade ~d ~fk [G @{s~`la`

Ykq od`n @hkea`


@jke~ae`

Ae~ke~ade h{s~ ok `jàes~ ~fkcdes~a~{~ade d s~`~kaes~a~{~ades

E`dz @ejdl`

Saje`~dq ~d ae~ke`~ade`l~k`~aks


@end`

Ykq od`n @ljka`

Saje`~dq ~d `ll h`~ka`lae~ke`~ade`l ~k`~aks


@loèa`

Ahrlkhke~s [E _ksdl{~ade03:3 &zfacf ndks ed~ nkiaek~kdash!


@ijfèas~èCdhhke~sJkek`l nkscar~ade Cd{e~q

–1–

02

R`~s di ~fk ~òlk `k nkaykn idh Cd{e~k( kdash Lkjasl`~ade ) R`c~ack, @ S{ykq di Sklkc~kn Cd{e~aks Idkaje ènCdhhdezk`l~f Diiack, Dc~dok ?22;%



Ykq od`nO{ljà`

Ed skr``~k e`~ade`lnkiaea~adeOd~szè`


Odsea`$Fk}kjdyae`

Aecl{nks cdesra`cq oq 3 d hdk rkdrlk ~d ~ìiac aecde~dllkn s{os~ècks=ske~kecks `k ykq ldz

Ykq od`nOdlaya`


Of{~è

_kidhs c{ke~lq ~`gaejrl`ck ~d aecdrd`~k ~k`~q dolaj`~ades ae~d cahae`lcdnk


Okeae


Okla}k

Ykq od`nOklja{h

Ykq od`nOèjl`nksf


O`fàe


O`f`h`s

_kiks srkcaiac`llq ~d “%%% ~fkàh di {enkhaeaej r{olac skc{a~q, srk`naej rèac `hdej ~fk rdr{l`~ade d idcaej S~`~k `{~fda~aks ~d~`gk nkcasades ~f`~ cdhrlqza~f ~fk nkhèns di ~fk~kdas~s‘

E`dz èn r{rdsayk @}koàmè

Cdhhke~sJkek`l nkscar~ade Cd{e~q

–02–



Cdnk kiks ~d nas~{oèck ~dr{olac dnk oq hkès di ae~ahan`~ade d ~kd%Zd{lnck~àelq cf``c~kask `skad{s anadsqec`~ac cahae`l&k%j%^fdh`s F`hal~de! `s `

~kdas~

Od`nIèck

Sahal` ~d [G ae kiikc~Iaelèn

Cldsklq ~akn ~d ae~ke`~ade`ldolaj`~ades

E`dzlq nkiaeknKs~dea`

Ca~aca}kn oq [E F{hè_ajf~s Cdhha~~kk

Ykq od`n, s{os~è~a`llq {ecfèjkn saeck h{nk di Rksanke~ S`n`~

Kjqr~

Idc{s de diikecks ~d nas~{o~fk ks~òlasfkn dnk ènae~ahan`~k ~fk rdr{l`~ade

Od`n7 kcke~ `nna~ade di `nkiaea~ade ~d ~fk Cahae`lCdnk

Nkeh`g

Idc{skn de ~fkcdes~a~{~ade`l dnk di ~fk_kr{olac

E`dz nkiaea~ade di cahksdi ~kd

C}kcf _kr{olac

Cahae`l Cdnk kiks `scahks ~d hèq `c~s nkiaeknae d~fk s~`~{~ks `s ~kdash&k%j% {sk di `hkn idck`jàes~ ~fk jdykehke~!


Cqr{s

Od`n nkiaea~ade di `c~ades,p{`laiakn ~d e`dz ks{l~ di “c`{saej ` ikklaej di rksde`l aeskc{a~q ~dca~a}kes‘%

E`dz èn idc{skn,skr``~k nkiaea~ades di Ae~ke`~ade`l èn @e~a(S~`~k~kdash

Cd`~a`

Aecl{nks `srkc~s di ikkndh

di srkkcf èn `ssdca`~ade

Kv~khklq od`nCfae`

Nkiaekn oq srkcaiac kikkeck~d [E Cdeyke~ades ènRd~dcdls%@c~s ae~kenkn ~dae~ahan`~k ~fk r{olac d cdhrkl ` rksde, `jdykehke~ d ` ndhks~ac d ae~ke`~ade`l djèa}`~ade ~dnd d kiàe idh ndaej èq `c~, aesank d d{~sank Cè`n`7kiks ~d skad{s aem{q d asg ~d fk`l~f èn sìk~q, èn s{os~è~a`l rdrk~q n`h`jk%

Sahal` nkiaea~ade ~d ~fk [G%^fk lkjasl`~ayk h`~av ascdhrlkv%

Cè`n`


–00–



Ykq od`n ae ~khs di `c~s,o{~ e`dz ae~ke~ade idc{sknde f`haej ~fk S~`~k d ae~ke`~ade`l djèa}`~ades%

La~f{èa`

Ykq od`n èjk di `c~slaegkn ~d ae~ke`~ade`ldolaj`~ades%

Lakcf~kes~kae


L`~ya`

Sahal` ~d [G A~`lq

Ykq od`nAklèn

S{os~è~a`l ~fk`~s ~d ~fkS~`~k f`yk khkjkn%^fk O`laodhoaej di Dc~dok ?22?lkn ~d jk`~k lkj`l ajd{ `jàes~ ~kdas~s%

Od`nAendeksa`

Aecl{nks rks{hr~ade di okaej ` ~kdas~ ai aerdsskssade di iak`hs aeck~àe nksaje`~kn `k`s%

Ykq od`nAena`

Aecl{nks `ss`{l~s èn ~fk`~s~d ~ìiac sìk~q, ai ae~kenkn ~dc`{sk cdesankòlk ik` `hdej ~fk r{olac%

Od`n nkiaea~ade cdhr`òlk~d [G%

Acklèn

Ed skr` ~k nkiaea~ade% S~ac~`nfkkeck ~d ae~ke`~ade`l~k`~aks%

F{ej`q

S~`~{~dq nkikeck id `c~sàhkn `~ ks~òlasfaej d ks~daej nkhdc`~ac kjahksd ae ~fk kvkcask di i{en`hke~ l cayal d rdla~ac`lajf~s%

E`dz èn cdeiaekn ~dskad{s f`h ~d s~`~k d ae~ke`~ade`l djèa}`~ades%

Jkkck

Ykq sahal` dyk`ll kiikc~ ~d[G lkjasl`~ade%

Ed srkcaiac nkiaea~ade% Ed`nna~ades ~d ~fk s{os~è~aykl`z saeck 1$00% Rdckn{ lcfèjks h`nk ae ?22? ~dkefèck rdlacaej di ndhks~ac ~kdas~s%

Jkhèq


–0?–



Od`n nkiaea~ade di `c~adesèn kiikc~ as p{`laiakn oq kp{akhke~ ~f`~ ~fkksfd{ln ok ~fk ae~ke~ade di kenèjkaej ~fkcdes~a~{~ade`l dnk d skc{a~q di ~fk _kr{olac%

Od`n,za~f cldsk cdeekc~ade za~f ~fk cdeskp{keck di c`{saej ~fk ikklaej di aeskc{a~q `hdej ~fkca~a}kes% Srkcaiac kikkeck ~dae~ke`~ade`l ~k`~q dolaj`~ades id od`nk ed~ade di ae~ke`~ade`l~kdash%

Skoa`$Hde~kekjd

Od`n ae ~khs di `c~ades, za~f ae~ke~ade ~d {enkhaekr{olac skc{a~q, ~kdask ~fkrdr{l`~ade d rkss{ask ~fk

`{~fda~aks ~d ~`gk nkcasades%

_{ssa`

Od`n nkiaea~ade, sahal` ~d[G ae kiikc~

_dhèa`

E`dz nkiaea~ade idc{sknde `~~`cgs de S~`~ks èn ~fka diiaca`l krkske~`~ayks7d~fkzask s{omkc~ ~ddnae`q cahae`l l`z%

Rdlèn

Kiikc~ sahal` ~d [G,~fd{jf oq ` naiikke~ lkjasl`~aykd{~k%

N{`las~ sqs~kh,kp{aaejndhks~ac lkjasl`~ade ~daecdrd`~k ae~ke`~ade`l~k`~q dolaj`~ades

Edz`q

Cahae`l `c~s kiikc~ayklq nkiaekn oq kikkeck ~dae~ke`~ade`l ~k`~aks%

Ek~fklèns

Od`n nkiaea~ade di cahae`l`ssdca`~ade


Hde`cd


H`l~`

Od`n nkiaea~ade di `c~s,aecl{naej ck`~ade di ` skeskdi aeskc{a~q `hdej ~fkca~a}kes7h{s~ ok ahkn `~~fk S~`~k d a~s djès d skead krkske~`~ayks èndiiaca`ls%

H`ckndea`


L{vkhod{j


–03–



Cd{ln aecl{nk ae~ke~ade di aeil{kecaej kl`~ayklq haed S~`~k odnaks èn diiaca`ls%

Ykq od`n nkiaea~ade[gàek

Od`n nkiaea~ade^{gkq

S~`~{~dq nkikeck ai ae~ke~adeas ~d ks~òlasf d k(ks~òlasf ` nkhdc`~ac kjahk d ~fk{lk di l`z d ~d keòlk ~fkkvkcask d sìkj{`naej di f{hè ajf~s &Rke`l Cdnk @~ ?92, r` 3 !

Od`n nkiaea~ade cdhr`òlk~d [G

Sza~}klèn

N{`las~ sqs~kh kp{aaejndhks~ac l`z ~d jayk kiikc~~d ae~ke`~ade`l ~k`~aks%

Od`n nkiaea~ade di `c~s, za~f e`dz cdeskp{kecks di skad{slq n`h`jaej ` s~`~k d

ae~ke`~ade`l djèas`~ade,èn laegkn ae~ke~ di `rdla~ac`l e`~{k%

Szknke

Srkca`l cd{~ sqs~kh id nk`laej za~f ~kdash7rdckn{`llq naiikke~ idhd~fk skad{s cahk%

Ykq od`n nkiaea~ade di ~kdash7`lsd, `jj y ~knidh di dnae`q cahk zfkk ae~ke~ade as ~d s{oyk~~fk cdes~a~{~ade`l dnk d ~dkiikc~ skad{s nas~{oècks di r{olac dnk%

Sràe

E`dz nkiaea~ade di ae~ke`l~kdash7 h{s~ ok ae~kenkn~d mkdr`nask skc{a~q di ~fk_kr{olac7 ae~ke`~ade`l~kdash hdk od`nlq nkiaekn ~d ~`gk `ccd{e~ di

~k`~q dolaj`~ades%

Sldykea`

Ae~ke~ade h{s~ ok ~dae~ahan`~k ~fk rdr{l`~ade,skad{slq nks~òalask d nks~dq ~fk rdla~ac`l k~csqs~kh di ` cd{e~q d ae~ke`~ade`l djèa}`~ade,d ~d cdhrkl ` jdykehke~ ~dnd d òs~àe idh èq `c~%

_kp{aks ` skad{s cahk d ~fk`~ di s{cf ` cahk`jàes~ laik fk`l~f, rkdrlk d rdrk~q%

Sldy`ga`


–0>–



01% ^fkk `k skyk`l ae~ke`~ade`l ~k ~aks di klkyèck ~d ~fk nkiaea~ade di ~kdash%

^fk raecar`l ae~ke`~ade`l `jkkhke~s `k sk~ d{~ ae ^òlk ?%

?2% ^ olk ?= Ae~ke`~ade l k`~aks

Nkiaeks ~kdash oq kikkeck ~d ` las~ di ~k`~aks7 d “èq d~fk `c~ ae~kenkn ~dc`{sk nk`~f d skad{s odnalq aem{q ~d `cayalaè, d ~d èq d~fk rksde ed~ ~`gaej è `c~ayk r`~ ae ~fk fds~ala~aks ae ` sa~{`~ade di `hkn cdeilac~, zfke ~fk r{rdsk di s{cf `c~, oq a~s e ~{k d cde~kv~, as ~d ae~ahan`~k ` rdr{l`~ade, d ~d cdhrkl ` jdykehke~ d èae~ke`~ade`l djèas`~ade ~d nd d òs~àe idh ndaej èq `c~‘%

Ae~ke`~ade`l Cdeyke~ade id ~fkS{rrkssade di ~fk Iaeècaej di ^kdashW0111X

Cdenkhekn ~fk ^`laoè ae @ijfèas~è7kp{akn `ll S~`~ks ~d `c~ `ccdnaejlq7kikkn ~d “rkr``~ade d djèas`~ade di ~kdas~ `c~s‘ za~fd{~ ` nkiaea~ade%

[E _ksdl{~ade 0?9: W0111X

Kykq S~`~k f`s ~fk n{~q ~d kiàe idhdjèasaej, aes~aj`~aej, `ssas~aej d r`~acar`~aej ae ~kdas~ `c~s ae èd~fk S~`~k d `cp{akscaej ae s{cf `c~aya~aks%

[E _ksdl{~ade 0061 W0116X

Ck`~ks ` kjahk di {eayks`l m{asnac~adedyk ~fk {el`zi{l èn ae~ke~ade`l {sk di kvrldsayks èn d~fk lk~f`l nkyacks ae, ae~d,d `jàes~ yàd{s nkiaekn r{olac rl`cks za~f ae~ke~ ~d gall d c`{sk skad{s odnalq

aem{q, d za~f ae~ke~ ~d c`{sk kv~kesayknks~{c~ade di ~fk r{olac rl`ck%

Ae~ke`~ade`l Cdeyke~ade id ~fkS{rrkssade di ^kdas~ Odhoaejs W011:X

Zank kvkc{~ayk rdzksaecl{naej `cckss ~dcdeianke~a`l aeidh`~adeòd{~ ca~a}kes%@ rken{l{hk`c~ade ~d ~fk kyke~s di 1$00%

R@^_AD^ @c~ di ?220%Ykq od`n nkiaea~ade

Nkr`~hke~ di S~`~kdrk`~ade`llq nkscaoks~kdash `s “rkhkna~`~kn, rdla~ac`llq hd~ay`~kn yadlkeck rkrk~`~kn `jàes~ ede(cdho`~è~ ~`jk~s oq s{oe`~ade`l jd{rs d clènks~aek `jke~s, {s{ llqae~kenkn ~d aeil{keck è`{nakeck‘ 00

[ea~kn S~`~ks di @hkac`


–0;–

00 [S Nkr`~hke~ di S~`~k R`~~kes di Jldo`l kdash, `yàlòlk ya` zzz%s~`~k%jdy$s$c~$ls$rj~r~$



“Ahrk`~ayk ~d cdho`~ ~kdash ae `ll a~s idhs èn hèaiks~`~ades oq `ll hkès‘7kp{akhke~ ae sd ndaej ~d cdhrlq za~f ae~ke`~ade`l f{hè ajf~s, ki{jkk ènf{hèa~àè l`z% Nkscaoks `s ~kdas~ `c~s“cahae`l `c~s, aecl{naej `jàes~ cayalaès,cdhha~~kn za~f ~fk ae~ke~ ~d c`{sk nk`~fd skad{s odnalq aem{q, d ~`gaej di fds~`jks, za~f ~fk r{rdsk ~d rdydgk ` s~`~k di ~kd ae ~fk jkek`l r{olac d ae ` jd{r di rksdes d r`~ac{l` rksdes,ae~ahan`~k ` rdr{l`~ade d cdhrkl ` jdykehke~ d è ae~ke`~ade`l djèas`~ade ~d nd d ~d òs~àe idhndaej èq `c~, zfacf cdes~a~{~k diikecksza~fae ~fk scdrk di èn `s nkiaekn ae ~fk

ae~ke`~ade`l cdeyke~ades èn rd~dcdlskl`~aej ~d ~kdash, `k {enk edcac{hs~ècks m{s~aiaòlk oq cdesank`~adesdi ` rdla~ac`l, rfaldsdrfac`l, ankdldjac`l,`ca`l, k~feac, klajad{s d d~fk sahal` e`~{k, èn c`lls {rde `ll S~`~ks ~d rkyke~ s{cf c~s èn, ai ed~ rkyke~kn, ~d kes{k~f`~ s{cf `c~s `k r{easfkn oq rke`l~akscdesas~ke~ za~f ~fka j`yk e`~{k‘%

[E _ksdl{~ade 0;99 W?22>X

Ks~òlasfkn haeah{h {lks `s ~d klkhke~sdi ~kdas~ `c~ades=cdecke~ ~ks de

diikecks di hds~ skad{s yadlkeck za~f ~fkae~ke~ade di “skad{slq `l~kaej d nks~dqaej ~fk rdla~ac`l, kcdedhac, d sdca`l s~{c~{ks di ` cd{e~q‘% E`dzk ~fè [G ^kdash @c~ ?2227 id kv`hrlk, zd{ln kvcl{nk rdasdeaej di ~fk r{olac z`~k s{rrlq za~f ~fk ae~ke~ ~d c`{sksacgekss `~fk ~fè gall%

K{drkè [eade Cd{ecal I`hkzdg Nkcasade de Cdho`~aej ^kdash W?22?X

_kp{aks `ll Hkhok S~`~ks ~d cahae`laski{enaej di ~kdash7èn ~d ks~òlasf sskad{s cahae`l diikecks èq rlèeaej,s{rrd~ èn rkrk~`~ade di ~kdas~ `c~s%

[E _ksdl{~ade 03:3 W?220X

Idlldzkn 1$00 `~~`cgs%Skck~`q(Jkek`lGdia @eeè nkscaokn ` ~kdas~ `~~`cg dedek cd{e~q `s “è `~~`cg de f{hèa~q `s` zfdlk‘ %Za~fd{~ nkiaea~ade,`ll ~kdash ~d

ok cdenkhekn zf`~kyk ~fk rdla~ac`ldajaes%^fas as ~fk s~`~ di ` ‖}kd ~dlkèck‑`rrd`cf, s{s~àekn saeck ~fke oq ~fkSkck~ q(Jkek`l èn càkn ~fd{jf ~fkH`nan S{hha~%

[E _ksdl{~ade 0396 W?220X

–09–



_ka~k`~ks ~fk cahae`la~q di `ll ~kdash “ae`ll a~s idhs èn cdhha~~kn oq zfdhkyk,zfkkyk èn id zf`~kyk k`sdes‘% _kp{aks kv~`na~ade d rdskc{~ade di “èq rksde zfd s{rrd~s, i`cala~`~ks, r`~acar`~ks d `~~khr~s ~d r`~acar`~k ae~fk iaeècaej, rlèeaej, rkr``~ade d rkrk~`~ade di ~kdas~ `c~s d f`ykes‘%_kìiahs cdesas~kecq za~f ae~ke`~ade`l l`z%

[E Jldo`l Cd{e~k(~kdash S~`~kjq W?229X

Aecl{nks

“_kcdjeasaej ~f`~ ~kdas~ diikecks èn ~fkdiikecks sk~ id~f ae ~fas Cdeyke~ade, oqzfdkyk rkrk~ ~kn, `k {enk edcac{hs~ècks m{s~aiaòlk oq cdesank`~adesdi ` rdla~ac l, rfaldsdrfac`l, ankdldjac l,`ca`l, k~feac, klajad{s d d~fk sahal` e`~{k, èn kc`llaej ~fk dolaj`~ade di `ll R`~aks ~d rkyke~ s{cf diikecks èn, ai ed~ rkyke~kn, ~d rdskc{~k èn kes{k ~f`~ ~fkq `k r{easfòlk oq rke`l~aks zfacf ~`gkae~d `ccd{e~ ~fka j`yk e`~{k7

_kc`llaej ~f`~ `c~s di ~kdash f`yk ~fk r{rdsk oq ~fka e`~{k d cde~kv~ ~d skad{slq ae~ahan`~k ` rdr{l`~ade d {en{lq cdhrkl ` jdykehke~ d èae~ke`~ade`l djèas`~ade ~d rkidh d òs~àe idh rkidhaej èq `c~ d skad{slq nks~òalask d nks~dq ~fk i{en`hke~`l rdla~ac`l, cdes~a~{~ade`l,kcdedhac d sdca`l s~{c~{ks di ` cd{e~qd è ae~ke`~ade`l djèas`~ade7

Id ~fk r{rdsks di ~fas Cdeyke~ade, “r{olac rdydc`~ade ~d cdhha~ ` ~kdas~ diikeck‘

hkès ~fk nas~ao{~ade, d d~fkzaskh`gaej `yàlòlk, di ` hkss`jk ~d ~fk r{olac, za~f ~fk ae~ke~ ~d aeca~k ~fkcdhhassade di ` ~kdas~ diikeck, zfkk s{cf cden{c~, zfk~fk d ed~ nakc~lq`nydc`~aej ~kdas~ diikecks, c`{sks `nèjk ~f`~ dek d hdk s{cf diikecks h`qok cdhha~~kn%

K`cf R`~q sf`ll `ndr~ s{cf hk`s{ks `sh`q ok ekckss`q ~d ks~òlasf r{olac rdydc`~ade ~d cdhha~ ` ~kdas~ diikeck,`s nkiaekn ae r` j`rf 0, zfke

cdhha~~kn {el`zi{llq èn ae~ke~ade`llq, `s` cahae`l diikeck {enk a~s ndhks~ac l`z%‘ 0?

Cd{ecal di K{drk Cdeyke~ade de ~fkRkyke~ade di ^kdash W?22;X

Cdenkhes `ll `c~s di ~kdash ènaeca~khke~ ~d cdhha~ ` ~kdas~ `c~ d `c~s“aksrkc~ayk di ~fka hd~ay`~ade, zfkekyk èn oq zfdhsdkyk cdhha~~kn‘

[E _ksdl{~ade 09?> W?22;X

–0:–

0? ^fk Cdeyke~ade krkske~s ~fk cdeskes{s di saje`~daks ~d ~fk KCF_, ` jkdj`rfac`l, rdla~ac`l èn c{l~{`l jd{r di od`nlq sahal` e`~ades za~f cdhhde ae~kks~s%



?0% ^fk Cd{ecal di K{drk Cdeyke~ade di ?22; as di saje`l ahrd~èck, `s a~ od{jf~

~fk Cd{ecal ae~d laek za~f ~fk }kd ~dlkèck `rrd`cf di ~fk [ea~kn E`~ades

cdeiahkn `~ ~fk ?22; H`nan S{hha~% A~ sfd{ln ok ed~kn ~f`~ ~fk Cd{ecal di

K{drk as ~fk sd{ck èn dzek di ~fk K{drkè Cdeyke~ade de F{hè _ajf~s%

–06–



^FK @_J[HKE^S

??% Jayke ~fk s{hh`q di ~fk ae~ke ~ade l rdsa~ade `s sk~ d{~ ae ~fk òlks òdyk, A

edz s{hhàsk ~fk raecar`l s{ohassades èn `j{hke~s rkske~kn ~d hk id ~fk

r{rdsk di ~fas krd~%^f`~ ~fkq k sd oakilq s~`~kn as ed~ ~d ok ~`gke s nashassayk

di èq di ~fkh%^fkq skkh ~d hk ~d i`ll ae~d > clk` èn cdecask rdrdsa~ades, ed~

ke~aklq h{~{`llq kvcl{sayk,`s sk~ d{~ ae ^ olk 3%

òlk 3= Rdrdsa~ades

Rdrdsa~ade0= Ed nkiaea~ade ekknkn, ed srkca`l rdckn{ks

_k`sdes= @ll ~kdas~ `c~ades èn diikecks, s{os~è~ayk èn aecfd`~k, `k cdykkn oq kvas~aejcahae`l l`z% Ed srkca l l`zs `k ekknkn, èn ed nkiaea~ade di ~kdash% ^fk ck`~ade di `nkiaea~ade èn srkca`l hk`s{ks id ~kdash oaej za~f ~fkh è aekya~òlk nkiaca~ aeaenayan{`l ikkndhs%^fas as hdk lagklq ~d lk`n ~d òa~`q èn {ecdes~a~{~ade`l `c~ade oq ~fkS~`~k%

Rdrdsa~ade ?= Nkiaea~ade ekknkn o{~ ed srkca`l rdckn{ks èn diikecks=`nm{s~hke~ ~d ske~kecaej rdzks `nkp{`~k

_k`sdes= @l~fd{jf `ll ~kdas~ `c~ades èn diikecks,s{os~è~ayk èn aecfd`~k,`k cdykkn oq kvas~aej cahae`l l`z, ske~kecaej rdzks id s{cf diikecks h`q ed~ ok s{iiacake~ ~d ~`gk ae~d

`ccd{e~ ~fk ~kdash klkhke~%Zfals~ ~kdash diikecks sfd{ln ok aeyks~aj`~kn èn cf`jkn{enk kvas~aej cahae`l l`zs ~d `ydan ` nkiaca~ ae aenayan{`l ikkndhs, zfkk ~fkk as `~kdash klkhke~ ~fk ske~kecaej m{njk sfd{ln ok òlk sd ~d iaen èn aeck`sk ~fk ske~keckrdrd~ade`llq%^fk è`ldjq di `ca`llq `jj`y`~kn diikenaej as ca~kn `s è kv`hrlk di ~fas ~qrkdi `rrd`cf `lk`nq ae {sk%

Rdrdsa~ade 3= Nkiaea~ade ekknkn, aecl{naej srkca`l rdckn{ks èn diikecks, o{~ ` ~ajf~k nkiaea~ade ~fè `~ rkske~

_k`sdes=^fas rdrdsa~ade as cldsk ~d ~fk c{ke~ [G lkjasl`~ayk rdsa~ade% @ k`la~q cfkcg lk`nsdek ~d ~fk cdecl{sade ~f`~ ~kdash as ` srkca`l c`~kjdq di cahae`l `c~aya~q7 ~f`~ r`~ac{l` rdckn{ks `k kp{akn ~d nk`l za~f s{cf `c~aya~q7 èn ~f`~ id sdhk r{rdsks ekz cahkskp{ak nkiaea~ade ~d kilkc~ ~fk ~fk`~7 o{~ ~fksk sfd{ln ok hdk ~ajf~lq n`ze ~d laha~cahae`las`~ade ~d ~fk cdk `c~aya~aks èn ae~ke~ades di ~kdas~s%

Rdrdsa~ade >= Nkiaea~ade ekknkn, aecl{naej srkca`l rdckn{ks en diikecks, n`ze od`nlq èn ~d è~acar`~k ks~ah`~ks di i{~{k ~kdash `c~aya~q%

_k`sdes= ^fas rdrdsa~ade skkgs `~ ~fk ykq lk`s~ ~fk c{ke~ rdsa~ade, za~f sdhk zè~aejs~dejk kvkc{~ayk rdzks `jàes~ ~kdash s{srkc~s%

?3% Ae cdesankaej ~fksk rdrdsa~ades,dek as i`ckn za~f è aekya~ olk cdeilac~ ok~zkke

` s~`~aej rdae~ ~f`~ as ke~aklq ajf~s o`skn, èn dek ~f`~ as id{enkn de r`jh`~ac

rdolkh sdlyaej ae ~fk i`ck di ` ~fk`~%^fk l`~~k yakz ck~àelq asgs ~fk rd~ke~a`l

nal{~ade di ajf~s èn ikkndhs ~`gke id jè~kn ae kl`~ade ~d ede(~kdash l`zs%

–01–



?>% A f`yk okke `ssas~kn ae iaenaej zf ~ A kj`n `s ~fk `rrdra`~k s~`~aej rdae~ id

nk`laej za~f ~fksk rdrdsa~ades oq ~fk e{hkd{s `c`nkhac cde~ao{~ades kckaykn%

A f`yk id{en ksrkca`llq fklri{l ~fk idlldzaej cdhhke~s oq Rdikssd Clayk Z`lgk

di ~fk [eayksa~q di Lkkns, ae è `~aclk nk`laej za~f cqok(~kdash03=

“^fk ias~ s~kr ae ~fk `j{hke~ sfd{ln ok ~d ahrdsk iah raecarlk de èq lkj`l

aea~a`~ayk% %%%%i{ll cdes~a~{~ade`l jdykeèck kp{aks cde~ae{`l `rrlac`~ade di `

e{hok di klkhke~s% ^fk ias~ as ` ‖ajf~s `{na~‑ zfacf hkès ~f`~ ~fk ajf~s di

aenayan{`ls `k ksrkc~kn `ccdnaej ~d ~`na~ades di ~fk ndhks~ac m{asnac~ades

èn ~fk nkhèns di ae~ke`~ade`l l`z%^fk l`~~k zall aecl{nk ~fk rkadnac kyakz

di ~fk ykq kvas~keck di èq khkjkecq d srkca`l hk`s{ks%^fk skcden klkhke~

as ‖nkhdc`~ac `ccd{e~òala~q zfacf aecl{nks `~~ao{~ks s{cf `s aeidh`~ade,

drke èn aenkrkenke~ nko`~k, èn è òala~q ~d r`~acar`~k ae nkcasade h`gaej%

^fk ~fan klkhke~ as ‖cdes~a~{~ade`lash‑– ~fk s{omkc~ade di jdykehke~ ~d edhs,

zfk~fk lkj`l d kv~ lkj`l &s{cf `s cdnks!% Hdk srkcaiac kp{akhke~s ae ~fk

iakln di srkca`l rdzks aecl{nk ~fk r{olac `~ac{l`~ade di k`sdes ae s{rrd~ di

r`~ac{l` `c~ades ~`gke id ~fk r{olac zkli k, `ss{ècks ~fd{jf kiikc~ayk

hkcfèashs ~f`~ ~fk casas cèed~ ok kenkn oq edh`l hkès èn ~f`~ ~fk

rdzks zall ed~ ok {skn òa~ alq èn `k rdrd~ade`~k ~d ~fk ~fk`~, èn

`nfkkeck ~d ~fk dyk`ll r{rdsk di ~fk ks~d`~ade di ~fk i{en`hke~`l ik`~{ks

di cdes~a~{~ade`l laik% Cdes~a~{~ade`lash `lsd kp{aks ~f`~, `~ ` hdk aenayan{`l

lkykl, kvckssks cè ok cf`llkejkn, aecl{naej ~fd{jf ~fk cd{~s%‘

?;% Di `ssas~èck ~dd as ` kh`g aecl{nkn ae ` za~~ke r`rk rdyankn ~d hk oq

Rdikssd dh F`nnke di P{kke‑s [eayksa~q Okli`s~, è doskyk `~ cldsk p{`~ks

di ~fk kiikc~ di ~kdash de ~kdaskn cdhh{ea~aks%Fk sàn=

–?2–

03 W?229X 002 Rkee S~`~k L`z _kyakz 9?;



“^fk lkj`l ksrdesk ~d ~fk d{~ok`g di ~kdas~ `c~aya~q sfd{ln ok laha~kn ~d

hk`s{ks ~f`~ zall keòlk ~fk skc{a~q `jkecaks èn ~fk rdlack ~d ae~kykek ~d

rkyke~ ~kdas~ `~~`cgs èn ~d oaej cahae`l cf`jks `jàes~ ~fdsk aeydlykn

za~f `s ikz nkdj`~ades idh dnae`q cahae`l rdckn{ks `s rdssaolk%‘

?9% ^fkk `k hèq skykk ca~acs di ~fk ^kdash @c~ ?222 nkiaea~ade% @ kcke~

kv`hrlk as ~fk krd~ “^fk _{lks di ~fk J`hk‘ , idh ~fk [eayksa~q di Ksskv0>%^fas

krd~ nkscaoks ~fk s~`~{~dq nkiaea~ade `s ~dd zank ~d s`~asiq ~fk clà~q kp{akn

id ~fk cahae l l`z7 èn draeks ~f`~ a~ “lk`yks ddh id rdla~ac`l oa`s èn cd{ln

ok {skn ~d rdskc{~k rkdrlk `c~ayk ae lkja~ah`~k sdca`l d rdla~ac`l hdykhke~s

zfd `k kvkcasaej ~fka ajf~s‘ % @s ~fk s`hk krd~ khaens {s, @heks~q

Ae~ke`~ade`l en ~fk R`la`hke~`q Mdae~ Cdhha~~kk de F{hè _ajf~s0;, f`yk h`nk

sahal` cdhhke~s%Fdzkyk, eka~fk ~fk Ksskv s~{nq ed d~fk od`n ca~acs rdyank

è `l~ke`~ayk idh{l`~ade id ` nkiaea~ade ~d nk`l za~f ~fk asg, nasc{sskn ae ~fk

r``j`rfs ?6(3? okldz%

?:% Ae ` lk~~k ~d hk n`~kn ~fk ??en @{j{s~ ?229 ~fk Haeas~k di S~`~k ~ ~fk Fdhk

Diiack, ^deq HcE{l~q HR, kvrksskn ~fk yakz ~f ~ ~fk c{ke~ nkiaea~ade as

“cdhrkfkesayk èn kiikc~ayk %%%% `rrdykn idlldzaej kv~kesayk nko`~k ae

R`la`hke~ %%%%‘ Fk clàhkn ~f`~ “~fkk as ed kyankeck ~f`~ ~fk od`nekss di ~fk

nkiaea~ade f`s c`{skn rdolkhs ae ~fk z`q a~ f`s drk`~kn‘ %Za~f kikkeck ~d ~fk

nasck~ade ~d rdskc{~k èn {sk d~fk srkca`l rdzks fk sàn=

–?0–

0> Olacg @, Cfd{nf{q èn Zka S, ` krd~ oq Nkhdc`~ac @{na~,F{hè _ajf~s Cke~k,[eayksa~q di Ksskv, id ~fk Mdskrf _dze~kk _kidh ^{s~%

0;

Mdae~ Cdhha~~kk de F{hè _ajf~s, Cd{e~k( kdash Rdlacq èn F{hè _ajf~s= kdash Oall èn kl`~kn h`~~ks, ?6Edykhok ?22;, `yàlòlk ya` zzz%r`la`hke~%{g



“%%% a~ as ~fk ldej(s~ènaej rdlacq ~d rdskc{~k ~kdas~ `c~aya~q {saej jkek`l

diikecks zfkkyk rdssaolk èn ~f`~ ~kdash srkcaiac diikecks, rkyke~`~ayk

hk`s{ks èn rdzks `k {skn ka~fk zfkk ed cdhr`òlk jkek`l diikeck kvas~s

d zfkk srkcaiac rdzks d hk`s{ks `k ekknkn ~d keòlk ~fkh ~d aeyks~aj`~k

d rkyke~ ~fas srkca`l c`~kjdq di cahk% ^fas hkès ~f`~ ~fk nkiaea~ade di

~kdash delq cdhks ae~d rl`q ae ` kl`~ayklq sh`ll e{hok di c`sks‘%

Fdzkyk, ~fk Haeas~k kcdjeasks ~f`~ ~fk nkiaea~ade di ~kdash, `ldej za~f hèq

d~fk lkj`l nkiaea~ades, cèed~ ok sàn ~d ok 022 rk cke~ rkikc~%Fk `sgs ~d j{`n

`jàes~ òèndeaej ` nkiaea~ade ~f`~ f`s rdykn dyk 9 qk`s ~d ok kiikc~ayk ae

cdykaej ~kdas~ `c~aya~q, èn zfacf as {enks~ddn k`salq oq ~fk rdlack èn d~fk

`jkecaks zdgaej `jàes~ ~kdash `~ ~fk drk`~ade`l lkykl%

–??–



^FK _ASGS RDSKN OQ ^K__D_ASH

?6% ^fk draeades p{d~kn èn nkscaokn ae ~fk id{ rkcknaej r``j`rfs &èn ~fk hèq

sahal` `ssk~ades A f`yk fk`n! h`gk a~ ekckss`q id hk ~d cdhhke~ de ~fk e`~{k

di ~fk asg% Hèq `ssksshke~s f`yk okke jayke oq rdla~acaès, rdlack diiacks, ~fk

Nakc~d(Jkek`l di ~fk Skc{a~q Skyack èn d~fk drk`~ade`l diiaca`ls za~f ` i`

jk`~k nkr~f di gedzlknjk ~fè hq dze% A `h òlk ~d h`gk hq dze `ssksshke~

de ~fk o`sas di oakiaejs idh s{cf diiaca`ls, ~djk~fk za~f kcdns èn ndc{hke~s

A skk ae cdeekc~ade za~f r`~s di hq zdg `s aenkrkenke~ kyakzk% @s è kv`hrlk

di zf`~ A skk, A zd{ln hke~ade hq d{~aek èn ikp{ke~ kv`hae`~ades di ~fk

h`~ka`l s{rrd~aej ~fk h`gaej di cde~dl dnks {enk ~fk Rkyke~ade di

^kdash @c~ ?22;%

?1% ^fk asg èn ~fk e`~{k di ~kdas~ cahk `k delq ~fk ias~ rakcks di kyankeck ae ~fk

c`sk id srkca`l l`zs%^fk skcden r`~ di ~f`~ kyankeck àsks idh ~fk idh di rlèeaej

di s{cf cahk,èn ~fk cdeskp{ke~ naiiac{l~aks ae nk~kc~aej èn rkyke~aej a~%

32% Ae nk laej za~f h{cf ‖dnae`q‑ skad{s cahk, s{cf `s `hkn dookq d djèaskn

n{j nk`laej, ~fk rdlack `k sdhk~ahks òlk ~d hd{e~ ` ‖s~aej‑ d s{ykallèck

drk`~ade zfkkoq ~fkq h`vahask ~fka drrd~{ea~q ~d nk~kc~ a~ oq `lldzaej ~fk

cahk ~d ‖{e‑ {e~al ~fk l`s~ rdssaolk hdhke~% Id kv`hrlk, dookaks `~ Ldende

Fk`~fdz @ard~ ae H`q ?22> zkk nk~kc~kn ae ~fas z`q, za~f ` l`jk rdlack

rkskeck zà~aej ~d `ks~ ~fk dooks `s ~fkq h`nk ~fka z`q ae~d ~fka ~`jk~kn

r`~s di ~fk àrd~%Skyk l cdeyac~ades èn ykq ldej rasde ~khs ks{l~kn% Ae ~f`~

gaen di drk`~ade ~fkk as ` ks~ac~kn jkdj rfac`l ~`jk~, ` gedze èn laha~kn

jd{r di rd~ke~a`l yac~ahs di yadlkeck, èn ~fkkidk ` asg è`lqsas èn klkhke~

hè`jkòlk oq ` sgallkn rdlack skyack%

–?3–



30% kdash cahk as naiikke~% Iè`~acs èn d~fks hdykn oq ` ikyke~ ankdldjac`l d

sahal` r{rdsk `k lkss rknac~òlk ~fè rdikssade`l cahae`ls% S{acank odhoks

krkske~ ` ykq srkca`l lk~f`l asg, `s ~fkk as `lz`qs ~fk rdssaoala~q ~f`~ ~fkq zall

nk~de`~k ai `rrd`cfkn% ^fk i{a~ade di d~fk cahks ndks ed~ s~ah{l ~k ~fk s`hk

nk`n d asg 09%^fk e`~{k di ~fk ~`jk~s {skn, èn ~fk ilkvaoala~q di nkrldqhke~ di

s{acank odhoaej,jkek llq hkè ~f`~ ~fk n`~k èn ~ahk di i{a~ade cè ok hdykòlk

`~ sfd~ ed~ack, èn od{jf~ idz`n sajeaiacè~lq ai ~fkk as èq s{sracade di f`yaej

okke aeial~`~kn d nk~kc~kn% ^fk nèjk ~d r`~acar`~aej èn d~fk aeidhè~s as

kv~khk7 aeidhè~s cè ok rkcad{s ae s{cf c`sks kyke ai zf`~ ~fkq rdyank as delq `

sh`ll r`~ di oaj rac~{k%S{ykallèck cè ok naiiac{l~ en as ykq lòd{ en ksd{ck

ae~kesayk%^kdas~s `k di~ke ~àekn èn z`q di f{hè èn klkc~deac s{ykallèck%

3?% A h ae ed nd{o~ ~f`~,id ~fk ~ahk okaej ~ lk`s~,~fkk k jd{rs di rkdrlk nknac`~kn

~d yadlke~ èn lk~f`l maf`n%^fkq `k c`ròlk di djèasaej ~fkhsklyks od~f skr``~klq

èn cdllkc~ayklq%^fkq cè nd sd de ` s{s~àekn o`sas%^fkq `k r`~ake~ sd ldej `s ~fkq

f`yk ` cdeianke~ skesk di skc{a~q%^fkq `k ae~ke~ {rde èn f`yk ~fk hkès ~d c`{sk

~kd `hdej ` zank èn {erknac~òlk skc~ade di ~fk cdhh{ea~q%^fkq `k nayke

oq ` cdhhde r{rdsk ~fd{jf ed~ `lz`qs za~f clk` cdhhde jd`ls%^fkq `k sgali{l

ae cfddsaej ~`jk~s id ~fka h`vah{h i`~`la~aks% ^fk k~fds {enkraeeaej ~fka

cdhhde r{rdsk as ~d cdenkhe Zks~ke sdcak~q èn a~s y`l{k sqs~khs, èn ~d

krl`ck a~ èn ~fkh oq ` sk~ di y`l{ks èn za~f ` lkj`l sqs~kh clàhkn ~d ok ` r{k

idh di Asl`h%^fka skcden`q r{rdsk f`s okcdhk ~d cfèjk ~fk idkaje rdlacaks di

skyk`l cd{e~aks% Ndhks~ac`llq za~fae ~fk [G ~fkk as ò{enè~ h`~ka`l, sdhk di a~

ekckssàlq d{~sank ~fk r{olac ndhàe id k`sdes di e`~ade`l skc{a~q, ~d s{rrd~ ~fk

yakz ~f`~ e{hkd{s ~kdash cklls `k `c~ayk%^fkq `k naiiac{l~ ~d iaen%

–?>–

09 @ cdhhke~ h`nk ~d hk ae ~fksk ~khs oq Rdikssd Clayk Z`lgk%



^K__D_AS^ L@OKL &AHA^@^D_S!

33% ^fkk `k d~fk djèas`~ades èn rksdes, {ecdeekc~kn za~f yadlke~ maf`n èn

d~fk cdhr`òlk c`{sks, za~f od`nlq ~kdas~ r{rdsks en hkès%^fksk aecl{nk

` ykq sh`ll haeda~q di kv~khk èah l ajf~s `c~ayas~s, zfdsk c`r`ca~q id c`{saej

e{asèck èn sdhk~ahks skad{s n`h`jk èn aem{q as {end{o~kn èn nk~khaekn%

^fkk `k aenayan{`ls ~dd, s{cf `s ^fkdndk G`c}qesga ~fk @hkacè sd(c`llkn

[eòdhok , èn ~fk Oa~asf ldek odhok N`yan Cdrklèn,zfd {sk ~kdas~ ~`c~acs

èn h`~ka`ls èn idh ~ahk ~d ~ahk cè c`{sk `s h{cf ~kd `s l`jk jd{rs%

Jkek`llq ~fk [G `{~fda~aks nk`l za~f ~fksk jd{rs èn aenayan{`ls {enk ~fk

cahae`l l`z za~fd{~ ~fk {sk di ~kdash lkjasl`~ade, `s `ssk~kn oq Fdhk Diiack

Haeas~k ^deq HcE{l~q &skk r``j`rf ?: òdyk!%^fk nksaje`~ade di ~kdas~ h`q

kyke ok skke oq sdhk ~d ok ` o`njk di diiack, ` c`cfk~% Ae nk`laej za~f èq

nkiaea~ade, nasck~ade èn rdlacq zall `lz`qs f`yk ` rdrk r ~% R{~ sahrlq, zf`~ A

hkè oq ~fas as ~f`~ ~fk `{~fda~aks sfd{ln `lz`qs ~k`~ s{srkc~s za~fae ~fk edh`l

`~fk ~fè srkca`l cahae`l l`zs {elkss ~fka ~fk`~ èn s~{c~{k kp{aks

drk`~ade`llq ~f`~ ~fkq sfd{ln ok kj`nkn idh`llq `s ~kdas~s%

3>% Hèq kv`hrlks cè èn f`yk okke ca~kn di aenayan{`ls zfd hajf~ i`ll

ae`rrdra`~klq za~fae ~fk c{ke~ nkiaea~ade, ai cdesankkn sdlklq ae s~ac~ lkj`l

~khs%^fkq hajf~ aecl{nk ` rdla~ac`l rd~ks~k s{cf `s ~fk s{ii`jk~~k Khalq Zalnaej

N`yasde, zfd ~fkz fkskli {enk ` fdsk `~ Krsdh `ckcd{sk de ~fk 03~f M{ek

01037 d ~fk kcd(rd~ks~k ‖Sz`hrq‑% K`cf di ~fkh `j{òlq c`{skn ~fk asg di

nèjk ~d d~fk rkdrlk zfd hajf~ f`yk `~~khr~kn ~d ksc{k ~fkh% @ed~fk

kv`hrlk hajf~ ok è aha~`~d di ~fk lk`naej Oa~asf cde~khrd`q `~as~ Cdekla`

R`gk, zfdsk zdg Cdln N`g H`~~k= è Kvrldnkn Yakz W0110X cdesas~s di ~fk

–?;–



kvrldnkn khàes di ` j`nke sfkn èn cde~ke~s% Fk kvrldsade z`s za~f ~fk

`ssas~èck di ~fk @hq, o{~ è {e`{~fdaskn aha~`~d hajf~ i`ll id{l di ~fk nkiaea~ade

ae ~fk ^kdash @c~ ?222% ^fk p{ks~ade rdskn oq s{cf c`sks as zfk~fk ~fk

nasck~ade ~d rdskc{~k d {sk ~kdash kl`~kn rdyasades as s{iiacake~ rd~kc~ade

id kv`hrlks s{cf `s ~fksk% I{~fk `~~ke~ade as jayke ~d ~fas ass{k ae r``j`rf

92(9> okldz% ^fk p{ks~ade rdskn oq s{cf c`sks as zfk~fk ~fk nasck~ade ~d

rdskc{~k d {sk ~kdash kl`~kn rdyasades as ` s{iiacake~ rd~kc~ade id kv`hrlks

s{cf `s ~fksk% I{~fk `~~ke~ade as jayke ~d ~fas ass{k okldz%

–?9–



@SSKSSHKE^

3;% Jayke ~fk asg lkykl rdskn oq yadlke~ maf`nas~s `s za~f idhklq `c~ayk Aasf

r``hala~`q jd{rs s{cf `s ~fk A_@ èn d~fk ~kdas~ jd{raejs s{cf `s ~fk _kn

Oaj`nks0: ! ~fkk as ~fk rah`q m{s~aiac`~ade id nk`laej za~f ~fkh ae ` srkca`l z`q%

39% ^fk rdyasades di ~fk ^kdash @c~ ?222 aecl{nk rdrfql`c~ac èn rk(khr~ayk

hk`s{ks `jàes~ ~kdas~s%^fksk aecl{nk=

òlk >= Ahrd~è~ ^kdash @c~ ?222 rdzks

3:% Sdhk di ~fk rdzks kikkn ~d ae ~òlk > `k ~fk s{omkc~ di srkcaiac cde~dyksq% Di

ksrkca`l ed~k as skc~ade >> , zfacf keòlks rdlack ~d s~dr èn sk`cf id ~kdash

h`~ka`l ae nksaje`~kn `k`s èn s{omkc~ ~d Fdhk diiack cdeiah`~ade%^fkk as od`n

`jkkhke~ edz, `s A f`yk s{jjks~kn klskzfkk èn krk`~knlq, ~f`~ ~fk skc~ade as

dyk{skn067 èn A oklakyk ~fas yakz ~d ok jkek`llq sf`kn oq skead rdlack diiacks

za~f ksrkca`l kvrkakeck di ~kdash zdg%

S~dr èn sk`cf di rksdes èn rkhasks7`ks~ za~fd{~ z è~7 r`gaej ks~ac~ades7rd~ èn odnk cde~dls &skc~ade ;3!

R`~ Y – Cd{e~k(~kdas~ rdzks

Srkca`l rdzks ~d cdnde `k`s7èn ~di`cala~`~k aeyks~aj`~ades

R`~ AY – ^kdas~ aeyks~aj`~ades

Diikecks di àsaej i{ens id ~kdas~djèas`~ades7n{~q ~d nascldsk aeidh`~adeèn cd(drk ~k za~f rdlack7 ska}{k ènidika~{k di ~kdas~ hdekq

R`~ AAA – ^kdas~ rdrk~q

Rdscar~ade di ~kdas~ djèas`~ades7 èndiikecks di hkhoksfar

R`~ AA – Rdscar~ade

–?:–

0: @e A~`laè o`skn H`vas~ kydl{~ade`q jd{r `c~ayk ksrkca`llq ae ~fk 01:2s%^fkq zkk ksrdesaolk id dyk 02,222 `c~s di yadlkeck, aecl{naej ~fk h{nk di skyaej A~`laè Rahk Haeas~k @lnd Hdd ae 01:6%

06 Skk yàd{s di hq krd~s de ~fk drk`~ade di ~fk kdash @c~ ?222, ya` ~fk Fdhk Diiack zkosa~k zzz%fdhkdiiack%jdy%{g



36% Fdzkyk &s{omkc~ ~d ksky`~ades òd{~ ~fk z`q ae zfacf skc~ade >> as {skn! ~fkk

as ae hq yakz clk` kyankeck ~f`~ ~fk rdzks `k ekckss`q èn ykq {ski{l ae ~fk

aeyks~aj`~ade,k`lq nas{r~ade èn nk~kc~ade di ~kdash%Jayke ~f`~ ~fk ksskeck di

~kdash as ~d ~kaiq ~fk rdr{l`~ade `~ l`jk d zfdllq {erknac~òlk skc~ades di

~fk cdhh{ea~q, A f`yk ed nd{o~ ~f`~ s{cf rdyasades `k rdrd~ade l èn

ekckss`q id ~fk hds~ r`~%^fk dnae`q cahae`l l`z ndks ed~ diik ~fk èjk di

dr~ades ekckss`q ~d nk`l za~f ~fk ekkn id rdrfql`vas èn rk(khr~ade%

31% Di cd{sk, a~ zd{ln ok rdssaolk ~d kv~ken zf`~ k c{ke~lq srkca`l ~kdash

rdzks ~d nk`l za~f ~fk zfdlk èjk di cahae`l `c~aya~q `ldej ~fk laeks c{ke~lq

`yàlòlk id ~kdash%^fas zd{ln khdyk ~fk cdhrlàe~ ~f`~ ~kdash as ~k`~kn ae

` nascahae`~dq z`q `s ` srkca l s{osk~ di cahk, èn hajf~ fklr ~d kn{ck d~fk

skad{s cahae`l diikecks s{cf `s s~kk~ dookq èn n{js nk`laej% Di cd{sk, ~fk

cdeskp{keck zd{ln ok ` jkek`l kn{c~ade di ajf~s èn rd~kc~ades%

>2% ^f`~ ~fkk k d~fk s{osk~s di cahk za~f srkca`l rdyasades,aecl{naej n{j nk`laej

èn skad{s i`{n, f`s `ssas~kn hk ae hq cdecl{sade ~f`~ ~kdash ~dd as ` srkca l

c`~kjdq7 èn ~f`~ a~s cac{hs~ècks kp{ak ~fk ke`c~hke~ di r`~ac{l` rdyasades

s{cf `s ~fdsk s{hhàskn òdyk èn id ~fk k`sdes jayke%

>0% A~ idlldzs ~f`~ A kmkc~ rdrdsa~ade 0, èn cdecl{nk ~f`~ ` nkiaea~ade di ~kdash as

kp{akn ~d nkscaok èn cac{hscaok ~fk cac{hs~ècks ae zfacf ~fk srkca`l

rdyasades h`q ok {skn%

>?% A sfd{ln `nn ~f`~ A f`yk cdesankkn c ki{llq ~fk scfkn{laej `rrd`cf {jkn {rde

hk oq ` sh`ll e{hok di cdhhke~`~ds%^fas ~`gks ~fk `rrd`cf di ^kdash @c~

?222 R`~ YAA, `rrlacòlk ~d Ed~fke Aklèn &`~ ~fk ~ahk di za~aej ~fk s{omkc~ di

–?6–



rdoòlk ahhaeke~ krk`l!% A~ as s{jjks~kn ~f`~ ~fkk ok ` scfkn{lk di diikecks ~f`~

cd{ln ok c`~kjdaskn `s rd~ke~a`llq ~kdas~, èn ~f`~ srkca`l rdzks ok `rrlakn ~d

~fdsk diikecks%^fas, a~ as sàn, zd{ln `ydan ~fk ra~i lls di ` nkiaea~ade `s s{cf di

~kdash%

>3% ^fk h ae rdolkh za~f ~fk scfkn{lk `rrd`cf as all{s~`~kn oq ~fk Ed~fke

Aklèn rdyasades% S{cf ` zank ejk di diikecks as aecl{nkn ae ~fk h`~ka`l

Scfkn{lk 1 ~f`~ a~ rdyks lkss ks~ac~ayk ~fè kyke ~fk c{ke~ nkiaea~ade di

~kdash% Jayke ~fk hèq hèaiks~ ~ades di ~kdas~ `c~aya~q, a~ as naiiac{l~ ~d skk

fdz ` scfkn{lk h{cf e`dzk ~fè ~f`~ zd{ln ok `rrdra`~k% Id kv`hrlk, ~fk

iaeècaej di ~kdas~ cklls cè dcc{ ~fd{jf l`jk e{hoks di sh`ll o{~ i`{n{lke~

ckna~ c`n ~ès`c~ades% D ~fk `haej di ~kdas~s h`q aecl{nk ~fk ~fki~ d

do~àeaej oq nkckr~ade di lòd`~dq d `jac{l~{`l h`~ka`l di {sk ae kvrldsades%

^fk dnae`q èjk di ske~keck id s{cf diikecks h`q ok kl`~ayklq ldz, zfkk`s ai

~fk r{rdsk as id ~kdash ~fk lkykl di cahae`la~q h`q ok fajf% Ae ~fk ekz

Ed~fke Aklèn Oall01 ~fk rdrdskn r{olac dnk rdyasades nksajekn ~d krl`ck ~fk

Narldcg Cd{~s sqs~kh di m{njk delq cd{~s òèndes ~fk {sk di ` scfkn{lk% A~ as

rlàelq ` h`~~k di draeade, o{~ A nd ed~ `jkk ~f`~ ~fk scfkn{lk `rrd`cf zd{ln

ck`~k jk`~k lkj`l ck~àe~q ~fè ` nkiaea~ade ia~ id r{rdsk%

>>% A~ idlldzs ~dd ~f`~ A kmkc~ ~fk ias~ r`~ di rdrdsa~ade ?%Fdzkyk,n{aej ~fk cd{sk

di hq aep{aq A kckaykn hèq rdzki{l krkske~`~ades ~f`~ ~fk rdyasade di

srkca`l ske~kecaej rdzks id `rr`ke~lq dnae`q diikecks cdeekc~kn za~f

~kdash zd{ln ok {ski{l nna~ade ~d ~fk cahae`l l`z% A jkk,èn sd kcdhhken%

–?1–

01 M{s~ack èn Skc{a~q &Ed~fke Aklèn! Oall ?229(:7 ~d ok id{en ya` zzz%r`la`hke~%{g



>;% ^fk i hkzdg A f`yk ae haen id ~fas r{rdsk as ~f`~ èq ede(~kdas~ diikeck

r{easfòlk oq ; qk`s ahrasdehke~ d hdk sfd{ln ok s{sckr~aolk ~d è `nna~ade`l

~kh di {r ~d ; qk`s ai ~fk diikeck z`s `jj`y`~kn oq ~fk ae~ke~ade ~d i`cala~`~k d

`ssas~ ` ~kdas~, ` ~kdas~ jd{r, d ` ~kdas~ r{rdsk% Oq è`ldjq za~f Ekz~de

fkàejs, ae zfacf m{njks `sskss nasr{~kn i`c~s id{enaej rlk`s di j{al~q, ~fk ~a`l

m{njk cd{ln sìklq ok jayke ~fk m{asnac~ade ~d nk~khaek ~fk `jj`y`~ade ass{k, ~d

~fk cahae`l s~èn`n di rddi%

>9% A nd ed~ ae~ken ae ~fas krd~ ae èq z`q ~d s{rrlè~ ~fk dlk di r`la`hke~`q

cd{eskl, ~fk kvrk~ nì~ks di lkjasl`~ade%@eq s{jjks~ades id s~ ~{~dq rdyasades

`nna~ade`l ~d ~fdsk ae idck zd{ln kp{ak ~fk `~~ke~ade di ~fdsk kvrk~s%Zf`~ A

`nyask òdyk as nkscar~ayk di zf`~ A rkckayk ~d ok kp{akn%^fk `nna~ade`l rkadn

di ahrasdehke~ sfd{ln ok s{omkc~ ~d edh`l kn{c~ade oq z`q di khassade%

>:% F`yaej cdecl{nkn ~f`~ ` nkiaea~ade di ~kdash as kp{akn, A ~{e edz ~d a~s ~khs

èn kp{akhke~s, èn ~d nk`l za~f rdrdsa~ades 3 èn > ae ^ olk 3 òdyk%

>6% A f`yk kckaykn skyk`l od`n rdrdsa~ades `s ~d zf`~ sfd{ln ed~ ok aecl{nkn ae

s{cf ` nkiaea~ade%^fksk aecl{nk=

  Diikecks `jàes~ rdrk~q sfd{ln ed~ ok aecl{nkn ae ` nkiaea~ade di ~kdash

  Diikecks id ` klajad{s r{rdsk sfd{ln ok kvcl{nkn, `s klajade as ` naii{sk

cdeckr~ aec`ròlk di clk` nkiaea~ade

  ^fkk sfd{ln ok kvcl{sade di diikecks gae ~d ~kdash, o{~ ed~ k`llq ~kdas~

ae èq~faej hdk ~fè hkès di rkrk~`~ade, a%k% l`cgaej ` s{iiacake~ rdla~ac`l

d ankdldjac`l cdhrdeke~$hd~ayk

–32–



  Hkk rk`cfaej d jldaiac`~ade sfd{ln ed~ ok c`ròlk di okaej kj`nkn `s

~kdas~ diikecks

  kdash ae ` m{s~ c`{sk, de ~fk o`sas ~f`~ zf`~ as ~kdash `jàes~ è

drrkssayk kjahk h`q ok m{s~aiaòlk ai ~d `ssas~ ikkndh iajf~ks

>1% De ~fk l`s~ di ~fdsk rdae~s A f`yk kckaykn s~dej krkske~ ~ades, ed~ lk`s~ idh

Hkhoks di R`la`hke~, ~f`~ ~d `c~ ae ` m{s~ c`{sk sfd{ln ok ` nkikeck ae l`z ~d `c~s

di ~kdash, de ~fk o`sas ~f`~ ~fkk as ed k`l naiiac{l~q ae sfdzaej ` clk

nas~aec~ade ok~zkke ikkndh iajf~ks èn ~kdas~s%

;2% Sd i` `s diikecks `jàes~ rdrk~q `k cdeckekn, A f`yk ed nd{o~ ~f ~ ~fksk èn

~fk`~s ~d n`h`jk rdrk~q sfd{ln ok aecl{nkn ae èq nkiaea~ade% N`h`jk ~d

rdrk~q cè aen{ck ` k`l skesk di ~kd id ~fk i{~{k%^fkk as ed naiiac{l~q ae

rdn{caej kv`hrlks% @ ~fk`~ ~d kvrldnk odhos de ~fk Ldende [enkjd{en

zd{ln rdn{ck od~f rfqsac`l ik` èn r`c~ac`l naiiac{l~q id cdhh{~ks èn skykk

kcdedhac cdeskp{kecks% ^fk odhoaej di scfddls `~ zkkgkens d ae ~fk scfddl

fdlan`qs,`ccdhrèakn oq ` ~fk`~ ~f`~ i{~{k odhoaejs hajf~ ed~ ok laha~kn ~d d{~

di scfddl ~ahks, zd{ln fdln ~fk r{rals di ~fdsk scfddls èn kykqodnq klsk

`ssdca`~kn za~f ~fkh ae ` s~`~k di ~kd id ` cdesankòlk ~ahk, kyke ai ed~faej

hdk f`rrkekn%^fk h`md nas{r~ade oq n`h`jk di ~fk j`s d klkc~aca~q sqs~khs

di ca~aks èn ~dzes zd{ln c`{sk ` asg ~d ~fk layks di ~fdsk kvrdskn ~d nèjk oq

s{nnke rdzk ldssks, `s zkll `s zanksrk`n kcdedhac n`h`jk ~d ~fk e`~ade%@ll

~fksk `k k`l kv`hrlks di ~kdash%

–30–



;0% ^fk ass{k di ~fk kvcl{sade di ` klajad{s c`{sk idh ~fk nkiaea~ade di ~kdash as

naiiac{l~%^fkk as ed sajeaiacè~ `j{hke~ ~d ~fk kiikc~ ~f`~ ` rdla~ac`l c`{sk sfd{ln

ok kvcl{nkn idh ~fk nkiaea~ade%^fk s`hk rrlaks ~d e ankdldjac`l c`{sk%Cè ~fkk

ok ` klajad{s c`{sk zfacf as eka~fk rdla~ac`l ed ankdldjac`l4 Ai sd, sfd{ln a~ ok

{enk ~fk ~kdash {hokll`4

;?% A~ as zd~f khaenaej dekskli di ~fk ~zd jk`~ j{`è~kks di klajad{s ikkndh

`rrlacòlk ae ~fk hdnke `jk, @~aclk 06 di ~fk [ea~kn E`~ades [eayks`l

Nkcl``~ade di F{hè _ajf~s W01>6X, èn ^fk Ias~ @hkenhke~ ~d ~fk

Cdes~a~{~ade di ~fk [ea~kn S~`~ks di @hkac`%^fk [E ndc{hke~ rdyanks=

“Kykqdek f`s ~fk ajf~ ~d ikkndh di ~fd{jf~, cdescakeck èn klajade7 ~fas ajf~

aecl{nks ikkndh ~d cfèjk fas klajade d oklaki, ka~fk `ldek d ae cdhh{ea~q

za~f d~fks en ae r{olac d ray`~k, ~d hèaiks~ fas klajade d oklaki ae ~k`cfaej,

r`c~ack, zdsfar èn doskyèck%‘

@en ~fk [S Cdes~a~{~ade=

“Cdejkss sf`ll h`gk ed l`z ksrkc~aej è ks~òlasfhke~ di klajade, d

rdfaoa~aej ~fk ikk kvkcask ~fkkdi=d òanjaej ~fk ikkndh di srkkcf, d di ~fk

rkss7 d ~fk ajf~ di ~fk rkdrlk rk`ckòlq ~d `sskholk, èn ~d rk~a~ade ~fk

jdykehke~ id ` knkss di jakyècks%‘

;3% Eka~fk di ~fdsk sfd~ o{~ rdid{en ~kv~s cde~khrl`~ks ~fk {sk di klajade id èq

yadlke~ ken d a~s m{s~aiac`~ade% A~ as m{s~ iddlasf ~d s{jjks~ ~f`~ ~fkk as sdhk idh di

nascahae ~ade `jàes~ èq klajad{s jd{r, kvrksslq d oq ahrlac`~ade, ae ~fk

cahae`las`~ade di ~fk {sk di klajade id, d `s ` m{s~aiac`~ade di, yadlkeck% I{~fk, a~

–3?–



zd{ln ok {ezask ~d ajedk ~fk yakz kvrksskn oq Ldn Lldqn ae 0119 ~f`~ ~fk

rkyad{s nkiaea~ade z`s ~dd ks~ac~ayk, ed~ lk`s~ okc`{sk a~ iàlkn ~d aecl{nk saejlk

ass{k d klajad{s ~kdash?2%

;>% Hq cdecl{sade ~f`~ ` klajad{s c`{sk sfd{ln ok aecl{nkn as cdesas~ke~ za~f ~fk

yakzs kvrksskn kcke~lq oq ~fk _kyakz di Skc{a~q èn Cd{e~k ^kdash

Lkjasl`~ade oq ~fk R`la`hke~`q Mdae~ Cdhha~~kk de Ae~kllajkeck èn Skc{a~q di

~fk @{s~`laè R`la`hke~?0%^fas as cdesas~ke~ ~dd za~f ~fk ^kdash S{rrkssade

@c~ ?22? di Ekz ]k`lèn??, èn ~fk Rd~kc~ade di Cdes~a~{~ade`l Nkhdc`cq

@jàes~ ^kdash èn _kl`~kn @c~aya~aks @c~ ?223 di Sd{~f @iac`, èn sdhk

ae~ke`~ade`l ~k`~aks ~d zfacf ~fk [G as ` saje`~dq ?3% Ae Cè`n` fdzkyk, zfkk

~fkk as ` sahal rdyasade, ` kcke~ nkcasade?> ae ~fk S{rkad Cd{~ di M{s~ack di

De~àd f`s fkln ~f`~ ~fk aecl{sade ae ~fk cahae`l l`z `s r`~ di ~fk nkiaea~ade di

~kdash di “` rdla~ac`l, klajad{s d ankdldjac`l domkc~ayk d c`{sk‘ cdes~a~{~ks e

aeiaejkhke~ di ck~àe i{en`hke~`l ikkndhs j{`è~kkn ae ~fk Cf`~k di _ajf~s

èn Ikkndhs?;= ~fas khàes ~d ok ksdlykn iae`llq oq ~fk Cè`naè Iknk l

m{asnac~ade?9%

;;% Ae kl`~ade ~d ~fk cdhrdeke~s di ~kdas~ `c~aya~q, A `jkk za~f ~fk yakz ~f`~ ~fk ~{k

èn nkiaeòlk cf``c~kas~acs di ~kdash `k ~d ok id{en ae ~fk cdhoae`~ade di

hd~ayk èn hkès di rkrk~`~ade%

–33–

?2 Aep{aq ae~d Lkjasl`~ade `jàes~ kdash W0119X Ch3>?2 r`` ;%??%

?0 Cfàkn oq fk Fde N`yan M{ll H%R% _krd~ r{olasfkn Nkckhok ?2297 `yàlòlk ya` zzz%`rf%jdy%`{

?? Skc~ade ;%

?3 [E _ksdl{~ade 0;999 W?22>X èn Cd{ecal di K{drk Cdeyke~ade de ~fk Rkyke~ade di ^kdash W?22;X %

?> ^fk P{kke y Hdf`hhkn Hdhae Gf`z`m` W09~f Nkckhok ?229X Cd{~ ialk ed=2>(J32?6?%

?; Srkcaiac`llq skc~ade ?, zfacf j{`è~kks ajf~s di klajade, ~fd{jf~, oklaki, draeade, kvrkssade èn `ssdca`~ade%

?9 ^fk [E F{hè _ajf~s Cdhha~~kk f`s s{jjks~kn ~f`~ Cè`n` sfd{ln kiaek a~s ~kdash nkiaea~ade ~d kes{k ~f`~ aenayan{`ls `k

ed~ ~`jk~kn de rdla~ac`l, klajad{s d ankdldjac`l jd{ens=skk Cdecl{naej Dosky`~ades di ~fk F{hè _ajf~s Cdhha~~kk Cè`n`CCR_$C$C@E$CD$;, ?en Edykhok ?22;%



;9% Hd~ayk d nksaje as c{ke~lq r`~ di ~fk [G nkiaea~ade id{en ae ^kdash @c~ ?222

skc~ade 0&0!

&o! ~fk {sk d ~fk`~ as nksajekn ~d aeil{keck ~fk jdykehke~ Wd è

ae~ke`~ade`l jdykehke~`l djèas`~adeX d ~d ae~ahan`~k ~fk r{olac d `

skc~ade di ~fk r{olac, èn

&c! ~fk {sk d ~fk`~ as h`nk id ~fk r{rdsk di `nyècaej ` rdla~ac`l, klajad{s

d ankdldjac`l c`{sk%

;:% A f`yk kckaykn `j{hke~ ~f`~ de ~fk dek fèn ~fk kikkeck ~d ` skc~ade di ~fk

r{olac as ~dd od`n &`s a~ hajf~ aeydlyk ykq sh`ll jd{r di rkdrlk!7èn de ~fk d~fk

fèn ~f`~ ~fk a~`lacaskn zdns `k ed hdk ~fè ~`{~dldjq &`s ~fk r{olac aecl{nks ll!%

Nasck~ade en c`{~ade lk`n hk ~d ~fk cdecl{sade ~f`~ ~fdsk zdns k oks~ lki~ ldek%

Cdesas~kecq za~f ~fk Cd{ecal di K{drk Cdeyke~ade de ^kdash zd{ln i`yd{ ~fk

khdy`l di ~fk zdns “d ` skc~ade di ~fk r{olac‘ % Fdzkyk, A `h rks{`nkn oq

cde~`q `j{hke~s ~f`~ ~fk khdy`l di ~f`~ rf`sk hajf~ f`yk ~fk kiikc~ di kvcl{naej

`c~s di ~kdash nakc~kn `jàes~ ` sh`ll klajad{s jd{r d d~fk haeda~q%

;6% @ cdeekc~kn ass{k askn cdeckes ~fk {sk ae ~fk [G lkjasl`~ade di aeil{keck%

Ae~ke`~ade`l cdhràsde kyk`ls yà`~ades de ~fk p{`la~q di ~fk ae~ke~ade ~f`~ as

kp{akn%^fk èjk aecl{nks cdkck, cdhrkl, ae~ahan`~k èn s{oyk~ %

;1% Ae hq yakz ~fkk as idck ae ~fk `j{hke~ ~f`~ ~fk ‖o`‑ as sk~ `~fk ldz oq ~fk {sk

di ~fk zdn aeil{keck ae ~fk nkiaea~ade% Di `ll ~fk zdns `yàlòlk ~f`~ zd{ln àsk

~fk o` ~d ` hdk `rrdra`~k lkykl, A s{jjks~ ~f`~ ae~ahan`~k f`s ` clk` hkèaej,

ke~aklq kikòlk ~d ~fk hds~ k`salq {enks~ddn ed~ades di zf`~ ~kdash as% A~

zd{ln f`yk ~fk kiikc~ ~dd di `rrlqaej ~fk s`hk s~èn`n ~d jdykehke~ `s ~d ~fk

r{olac zfdsk khodnahke~ ` jdykehke~ sfd{ln ok%^fas zd{ln ok cdesas~ke~ za~f

~fk Cd{ecal di K{drk Cdeyke~ade de ^kdash%

–3>–



NASC_KÂDE @S R_D^KCÂDE

92% @~ ~fas rdae~ ae ~fk krd~ a~ h`q ok {ski{l ai A h`gk sdhk kh`gs òd{~ ~fk

kvkcask di ~fk nasck~ade ~d rdskc{~k d {sk srkca`l rdzks `yàlòlk delq `jàes~

s{srkc~kn ~kdas~s%^fkk as ed nd{o~ ~f`~ ede(~kdas~ `c~aya~aks `s all{s~`~kn ae

r``j`rf 3> òdyk cd{ln i`ll za~fae ~fk nkiaea~ade `s c{ke~lq n`ze%^fas àsks

~fk p{ks~ade di zfk~fk a~ as ked{jf ~d klq de ~fk nasck~ade di ~fk rdlack èn ~fk

Cdze Rdskc{~ade Skyack ae dnk ~d kes{k ~f`~ ~fk nkiaea~ade as `rrlakn

`rrdra`~klq% Ai zk `k ~d cde~ae{k ~d klq `s s~dejlq `s fa~fk~d de nasck~ade, a~ as

de ~fk o`sas ~f`~ a~ as ` rkcad{s èn gkq kvkcask7 èn ~f`~ ~fk fk`yaks~ di

ksrdesaoala~aks lak {rde ~fdsk ae zfdh a~ as yks~kn%

90% Hèq skad{s diikecks, aecl{naej skyk l {enk ~fk ^kdash @c~ ?222, kp{ak ~fk

cdeske~ di ~fk Nakc~d di R{olac Rdskc{~ades okidk ` rdskc{~ade h`q ~`gk

rl`ck%

?:

Sdhk rdskc{~ades sèc~adekn oq ~fk Nakc~d iàl, aecl{naej ~kdash

rdskc{~ades% Fdzkyk, A gedz di ed c`sk ae hdnke ~ahks ae zfacf ~fk nkcasade

~d rkha~ ` rdskc{~ade f`s okke fkln ~d ok id{enkn de rdla~ac`l oa`s,o`n ià~f d

nasfdeks~q de ~fk r`~ di ~fk Nakc~d id ~fk ~ahk okaej, d ~fk @~~dekq Jkek`l%

A `h `z`k ~f`~ rdskc{~ades `k ed~ rkha~~kn ~d rdckkn idh ~ahk ~d ~ahk de ~fk

jd{ens di e`~ade`l skc{a~q, ~fd{jf ~fas as `k%

9?% ^fk i{en`hke~ l ~ks~s `rrlakn `k ~d ok id{en ae ~fk ?> r`jks di ~fk Cdnk di

R`c~ack id Cdze Rdskc{~ds?6% A~ as rdssaolk, ~fd{jf i` idh k`sq, ~d cf llkejk

sdhk rdskc{~da`l nkcasades oq m{naca`l kyakz% ^fk cde~ae{`~ade di m{q ~a`l

rdyanks e ahrd~è~ rd~kc~ade jàes~ rdskc{~ades ~fk r{olac iaen {ek`sdeòlk

d òa~`q ?1% C{ke~ nal{~ade di m{q ~a`l as {enks~ènòlk zfkk ~fkk as ` k l

–3;–

?:

Skk ^kdash @c~ ?222 skc~ade 00:%?6 zzz%crs%jdy%{g èn idlldz r{olac`~ades laeg%

?1 Rkf`rs ~fk hds~ ed~òlk as ~fk `cp{a~~`l di cayal skyè~ Clayk Rde~aej de ~fk 00~f Iko{`q 016;%



asg di ~fk m{q rdckss okaej cde~`hae`~kn oq cd{r~ade d ae~ahan`~ade, aeikc~ade

di ~fk m{q rdckss a~skli% D~fkzask ~fk m{q khàes ~fk mkzkl ae d{ cahae l

m{s~ack sqs~kh% Has~`gks zall dcc{ idh ~ahk ~d ~ahk ae ~f`~ sqs~kh, aecl{naej

nkcasades ~d rdskc{~k%Fdzkyk, ~fk nasck~ade kvkcaskn oq ~fk rdskc{~d sfd{ln

ed~ ok nasc`nkn lajf~lq de ~fk o`sas ~f`~ dek n`q ` skad{slq h`laje jdykehke~

h`q cdhk ~d rdzk èn òa~àekss zall okcdhk ~fk dnk di ~fk n`q%^f`~ yakz,

kvrksskn ~d hk dcc`sade`llq oq sdrfas~ac`~kn cdhhke~`~ds, as dek A kmkc~%

93% ^fk Nakc~d di R{olac Rdskc{~ades as eszkòlk ae hè`jka`l en rdla~ac l ~khs

~d ~fk @~~dekq Jkek`l% ^fk @~~dekq as od~f aenkrkenke~ `nyask ~d ~fk

jdykehke~ de lkj`l h`~~ks, èn ` hkhok di ~fk jdykeaej r`~q fdlnaej skead

Haeas~ka`l diiack%^fas h`gks id ` cf llkejaej èn naiiac{l~ o`lècaej `c~ oq ~fk

diiack(fdlnk, di zf`~kyk rdla~ac`l r`~q% @s ` R`la`hke~ aè, A f`yk doskykn `~

cldsk p{`~ks sav @~~dekqs Jkek l, ~fkk Cdesky`~ayk èn ~fkk Lòd{ 32% Di

~fdsk èn ~fka hdnke rknkckssds ~fkk f`s okke rlke~q di rdla~ac`l ca~acash,

~fk s~{ii di do{s~ nko`~k, o{~ ed skad{s skesk di ahrdrak~q% K`cf f`s okke

c`ròlk di cde~dl oq R la`hke~% ^fk nko ~ks de ~fk ^kdash @c~ ?229 30

nkhdes~`~kn hds~ kcke~lq ae ~fas cde~kv~ ~f`~ ` jdykehke~ kyke za~f `

sajeaiacè~ zdgaej h`mda~q ae ~fk Fd{sk di Cdhhdes h`q idh ~ahk ~d ~ahk ok

nkik`~kn de ass{ks cdeekc~kn za~f ~fk laok~q di ~fk aenayan{`l%

9>% A cdecl{nk ~f ~, ae d{ rkf`rs anadsqec ~ac R la`hke~`q sqs~kh za~f a~s

{eza~~ke cdes~a~{~ade, ~fk kvkcask di ~fk nasck~ade ~d d ed~ ~d rdskc{~k d ~d

{sk srkca`l lkjasl`~ayk rdzks sfd{ln ok kj`nkn `s cdes~a~{~ade`llq ahrd~è~%^fk

s~dej, aenkkn aecde~dyk~aolk cdeyke~ade `jàes~ òa~ aekss f`s ` nkcke~ èn

ksrkc~òlk fas~dq% A~ rdyanks ~dd ` i lkvaolk ksrdesk ~d cdeckes òd{~

ae`rrdra`~k rdskc{~ade di ~fdsk s~{jjlaej `jàes~ drrkssayk kjahks%

–39–

32 @~~dekqs Jkek`l F yks, H`qfkz, Lqkll,Hdas,Zalla`hs èn Jdlnsha~f%

30 @yàlòlk ya` zzz%r`la`hke~%{g



HDÂYK$NKSAJE

9;% Jayke hq cdecl{sades od{~ ~fk {~ala~q èn rd~kc~ades rdyankn oq ~fk nasck~ade,

A skk ~fk skc~ade 0&0! hd~ayk ~ks~ `s eka~fk ok~~k ed zdsk ~fè ~fk oks~ `yàlòlk

ae cdhr` olk m{asnac~ades% A skk ed nkhènaej k`sde id cfèjk% Fdzkyk, id

cdesas~kecq za~f ~fk [E _ksdl{~ade 0;99 W?22>X èn Cd{ecal di K{drk

Cdeyke~ade de ~fk Rkyke~ade di ^kdash ?2233?, cdesank`~ade sfd{ln ok jayke

~d ~fk rdssaoala~q di krl`caej skc~ade 0&0!&c! za~f ~fk zdns

“~fk {sk d ~fk`~ as h`nk id ~fk r{rdsk di `nyècaej ` rdla~ac`l, rfaldsdrfac`l,

ankdldjac`l, `ca`l, k~feac, klajad{s d d~fk sahal c`{sk‘

99% @ cfèjk di ~f`~ gaen, ae `nna~ade ~d ~fk `nyè~`jk di cdesas~kecq, zd{ln ckhke~

ae~d ~fk l`z clà~q ~f`~ ~kdash aecl{nks c`hràjes di ~kdas~ yadlkeck

hd~ay`~kn oq `cash% A oklakyk ~f`~ ~fksk `k cdykkn oq ~fk c{ke~ l`z% Fdzkyk,

jayke ~fk aeck`saej nko`~k ae Zks~ke K{drk òd{~ k~feac èn klajad{s c{s~dhs

&aecl{naej hdnks di nkss!, ~fk `hkenhke~ rdrdskn hajf~ ok skke `s rdyanaej `

rdsa~ayk hkss`jk `s zkll `s sdhk aeck`sk ae lkj`l clà~q%

–3:–

3? Skk ^òlk ? òdyk%



HK@ES DI RK_RK^_@ÂDE

9:% ^fk hkès di rkrk~`~ade k sk~ d{~ ae ^kdash @c~ ?222 Skc~ade 0&?!(&;!,

zfacf A krk`~ id cdeykeakeck

&?! @c~ade i`lls za~fae ~fas s{oskc~ade ai a~„

&`! aeydlyks skad{s yadlkeck `jàes~ rksde,

&o! aeydlyks skad{s n`h`jk ~d rdrk~q,

&c! kenèjks ` rksde‑s laik, d~fk ~fè ~f`~ di ~fk rksde cdhha~~aej ~fk

`c~ade,

&n! ck`~ks ` skad{s asg ~d ~fk fk`l~f d sìk~q di ~fk r{olac d ` skc~ade di

~fk r{olac, d

&k! as nksajekn skad{slq ~d ae~kikk za~f d skad{slq ~d nas{r~ è

klkc~deac sqs~kh%

&3! ^fk {sk d ~fk`~ di `c~ade i`llaej za~fae s{oskc~ade &?! zfacf aeydlyks ~fk

{sk di iak`hs d kvrldsayks as ~kdash zfk~fk d ed~ s{oskc~ade &0!&o! as

s`~asiakn%

&>! Ae ~fas skc~ade„

&`! “`c~ade‘ aecl{nks `c~ade d{~sank ~fk [ea~kn Gaejndh,

&o! ` kikkeck ~d èq rksde d ~d rdrk~q as ` kikkeck ~d èq rksde, d

~d rdrk~q, zfkkyk sa~{`~kn,

&c! ` kikkeck ~d ~fk r{olac aecl{nks ` kikkeck ~d ~fk r{olac di ` cd{e~q

d~fk ~fè ~fk [ea~kn Gaejndh, èn

&n! “~fk jdykehke~‘ hkès ~fk jdykehke~ di ~fk [ea~kn Gaejndh, di `

R`~ di ~fk [ea~kn Gaejndh d di ` cd{e~q d~fk ~fè ~fk [ea~kn Gaejndh%

&;! Ae ~fas @c~ ` kikkeck ~d `c~ade ~`gke id ~fk r{rdsks di ~kdash aecl{nks

` kikkeck ~d `c~ade ~`gke id ~fk okekia~ di ` rdscaokn djèas`~ade%

96% ^fk kdash @c~ ?229 kv~kens ~fk èjk di ~kdash diikecks%Hds~ cde~dyksa`l

f`s okke ~fk diikeck rdyankn oq skc~ade 0, zfacf cde~àes ~fk ~kh “jldaiaks‘ , `

edykl zdn id ` cahae`l diikeck ae ~fk [G%

–36–



Kecd{`jkhke~ di ~kdash

&0! ^fas skc~ade `rrlaks ~d s~`~khke~ ~f`~ as lagklq ~d ok {enks~ddn oq sdhk d

`ll di ~fk hkhoks di ~fk r{olac ~d zfdh a~ as r{olasfkn `s ` nakc~ d

aenakc~ kecd{`jkhke~ d d~fk aen{ckhke~ ~d ~fkh ~d ~fk cdhhassade,

rkr``~ade d aes~aj`~ade di `c~s di ~kdash d Cdeyke~ade diikecks%

&?! @ rksde cdhha~s è diikeck ai„

&`! fk r{olasfks ` s~ ~khke~ ~d zfacf ~fas skc~ade `rrlaks d c`{sks èd~fk

~d r{olasf s{cf ` s~`~khke~7 èn

&o! `~ ~fk ~ahk fk r{olasfks a~ d c`{sks a~ ~d ok r{olasfkn, fk„

&a! ae~kens hkhoks di ~fk r{olac ~d ok nakc~lq d aenakc~lq

kecd{`jkn d d~fkzask aen{ckn oq ~fk s~`~khke~ ~d cdhha~,

rkr`k d aes~aj`~k `c~s di ~kdash d Cdeyke~ade diikecks7 d

&aa! as kcglkss `s ~d zfk~fk hkhoks di ~fk r{olac zall ok nakc~lq d

aenakc~lq kecd{`jkn d d~fkzask aen{ckn oq ~fk s~`~khke~ ~d

cdhha~, rkr`k d aes~aj`~k s{cf `c~s d diikecks%

&3! Id ~fk r{rdsks di ~fas skc~ade, ~fk s~ ~khke~s ~f`~ `k lagklq ~d ok

{enks~ddn oq hkhoks di ~fk r{olac `s aenakc~lq kecd{`jaej ~fk

cdhhassade d rkr``~ade di `c~s di ~kdash d Cdeyke~ade diikecks

aecl{nk kykq s~`~khke~ zfacf„

&`! jldaiaks ~fk cdhhassade d rkr``~ade &zfk~fk ae ~fk r`s~, ae ~fk

i{~{k d jkek`llq! di s{cf `c~s d diikecks7 èn

&o! as ` s~`~khke~ idh zfacf ~fdsk hkhoks di ~fk r{olac cd{ln k`sdeòlq

ok kvrkc~kn ~d aeik ~f`~ zf`~ as okaej jldaiakn as okaej jldaiakn `s

cden{c~ ~f`~ sfd{ln ok kh{l`~kn oq ~fkh ae kvas~aej cac{hs~ècks%

&>! Id ~fk r{rdsks di ~fas skc~ade ~fk p{ks~ades fdz ` s~`~khke~ as lagklq ~d ok

{enks~ddn èn zf`~ hkhoks di ~fk r{olac cd{ln k`sdeòlq ok kvrkc~kn

~d aeik idh a~ h{s~ ok nk~khaekn f`yaej kj`n od~f„

&`! ~d ~fk cde~ke~s di ~fk s~`~khke~ `s ` zfdlk7 èn

&o! ~d ~fk cac{hs~ècks èn hèek di a~s r{olac ~ade

–31–



91% Jayke ~fk ekkn id ` nkiaea~ade di ~kdash, ~fkk as rl aelq ed domkc~ade ~d

^kdash @c~ ?222 s{oskc~ade &?!&`! èn &c!% Ae kl ~ade ~d &o!, n`h`jk ~d

rdrk~q, A f`yk nk`l~ za~f ~fas ae r``j rf ;2 òdyk= A i`yd{ a~s aecl{sade, id ~fk

k`sdes jayke ~fkk%

:2% Ae kl ~ade ~d skc~ade 0&?!&n!, ~fk `rr`ke~lq ede(~kdas~ h{nk di @lkvènk

La~yaekegd de ~fk ?3n Edykhok ?229 oq ~fk {sk di ` hae{~k p{è~a~q di

`nad`c~ayk rdasde f`s od{jf~ fdhk ~fk èjk di rdssaoala~aks id skad{s asg ~d ~fk

fk`l~f d sìk~q di ~fk r{olac% E{hkd{s d~fk rdssaoala~aks cè ok idkskke id

~kdash hd~ay`~kn `~~`cgs de ~fk fk`l~f di ~fk r{olac%^fk Fdhk Diiack èn d~fk

cde~dl `{~fda~aks kcke~lq f`yk aeck`skn ksd{cks id ~fk nkikeck di ~fk r{olac

`jàes~ cfkhac`l, oadldjac`l, `nadldjac`l èn e{clk` `~~ cg% ^fas as è `cc{`~k

ksrdesk ~d ~fk ~fk`~% kdash za~f ~fksk nksajes sfd{ln ok aecl{nkn ae ~fk

nkiaea~ade%

:0% Skc~ade 0&?!&k! nk`ls za~f ~fk nksaje skad{slq ~d ae~kikk za~f d skad{slq nas{r~

è klkc~deac sqs~kh%^fas f`s ~fk rd~ke~a`l ~d aecl{nk ae~kek~ skyack rdyanks,

iaeèca`l kvcfèjks cdhr{~k sqs~khs, cde~dls di e`~ade`l rdzk èn z`~k, k~c%

^fk f{jk n`h`jk ~d ~fk kcdedhq di ~fk e`~ade, èn ~fk rd~ke~a`l id aem{q `s `

ks{l~,`k skli(kyanke~%^fas c`~kjdq ~dd sfd{ln ok aecl{nkn ae ~fk nkiaea~ade% A f`yk

cdecl{nkn ~f`~ ~fk rdyasade khàes m{s~aiakn%

:?% De rk`cfaej èn jldaiac`~ade, A `jkk za~f ~fk yakz ~f`~ hkk rk`cfaej èn

jldaiac`~ade sfd{ln ed~ ok c`ròlk di okaej kj`nkn `s ~kdas~ diikecks% ^f`~

R`la`hke~ èn ksrkca`llq ~fk Fd{sk di Ldns z`s ~d{olkn oq skc~ade 0 ^kdash

@c~ ?229 sfd{ln f`yk s{raskn ed(dek% Kyke Gaej Fkeq AA‑s `c~ades `jàes~ fas

–>2–



“~d{olksdhk raks~‘ Okcgk~ c`{skn drke cdecke ~d ~fk o`des di `s ldej `jd `s

009>% Fdzkyk, `hkenhke~s h`nk ~d ~fk ?229 @c~ n{aej a~s r ss`jk ~fd{jf

R`la`hke~ ekkn ~d ok k`n c`ki{llq= ~fkq nd ed~ cahae`lask hkk rk`cfaej èn

jldaiac`~ade, `s s{oskc~ades ? èn 3 all{s~`~k% Ed rdskc{~ades f`yk qk~ okke

od{jf~ {enk ~fk skc~ade,èn a~ as di cd{sk ~d ok fdrkn ~f`~ edek zall ok ekknkn%

Id ~fk ~ahk okaej `~ lk`s~, A skk ed ekkn ~d `hken ~fk kvas~aej l`z ae ~f`~ kj`n%

–>0–



IA_K@_HS @EN KVRLDSAYKS

:3% Sd i` `s skc~ade 0&0!&3! as cdeckekn, ~fas f`s ~fk kiikc~ di aecl{naej za~fae ~fk

nkiaea~ade ~fk {sk d ~fk`~ di `c~ade aeydlyaej ~fk {sk di iak`hs d kvrldsayks –

s{omkc~ ~d rdla~ac`l r{rdsk kvas~aej, o{~ aksrkc~ayk di nksaje ~d aeil{keck

jdykehke~ k~c% As ~fkk cde~ae{aej k`sde id ~fas naiikkeck4

:>% Za~f ~fk kvrkakeck di ~fk sav ae~kesayk qk`s saeck ~fk ke`c~hke~ di ~fk ?222 @c~,

a~ f`s okke s{jjks~kn ~d hk ~f`~ a~ as naiiac{l~ ~d keyas`jk ~kdash ~f`~ `~ ~fk ykq

lk`s~ as ed~ nksajekn ~d ae~ahan`~k ` skc~ade di ~fk r{olac%De ~fk d~fk fèn, A cè

keyas`jk ~fk kv`hrlk di fds~`jk ~`gaej nksajekn ed~ sd h{cf ~d ae~ahan`~k `s ~d

kv~`c~ hdekq, d zk`rdes, d h ~ka`l za~f kvrldsayk rd~ke~a`l% De o`lèck, a~ as

skesaolk ~d k~àe ~fk `nna~ade`l rdyasade ae ksrkc~ di iak`hs èn kvrldsayks%

–>?–



KV^_@(^K__A^D_A@LA^Q @EN DRR_KSSAYK _KJAHKS

:;% Skc~ade 0&>! f`s c`{skn ae~kesk nko`~k n{aej ~fk cd{sk di hq aep{aq% A~ rdyanks

id kv~`~ka~da`la~q id kykq r`~ di ~fk @c~%^d ok clk`,~fas hkès ~f`~ ~kdas~

`c~ade i`llaej za~fae ~fk nkiaea~ade as kp{`llq cahae`l zfk~fk a~ as ae~kenkn ~d ~`gk

rl`ck ae ~fk [G d klskzfkk% Klskzfkk aecl{nks, id kv`hrlk, O{h`$Hqèh`,

Ièck,Jkhèq, Aè, A`p, Aklèn, A~`lq, Sdh`la`,]ahoòzk%

:9% Jdykehke~s `k dolajkn {enk ae~ke`~ade`l f{hèa~àè l z ~d kes{k ~fk sìk~q

di cayalaès èn ede(cdho`~è~s% ^fkq `k dolajkn ~dd ~d rd~kc~ ~fk ajf~s ~d

ikkndh di kvrkssade,`sskholq,èn ssdca`~ade%Kykq r`~q ~d ~fk [E Cdeyke~ade

@jàes~ d~{k èn D~fk C{kl, Aef{hè d Nkj naej ^k`~hke~ f`s è

dolaj`~ade ~d kes{k ~f`~ l`z keidckhke~ rksdeekl èn d~fks aeydlykn ae èq

idh di `ks~ d nk~ke~ade `k ~àekn ae ~fk rkyke~ade di ~d~{k7 ~d aeyks~aj`~k

èq `llkj`~ade di ~d~{k7 èn ~d kes{k ~f`~ yac~ahs di ~d~{k cè skkg èn do~àe

knkss% Hèq rkdrlk f`yk krkske~kn ~d hk ~f`~ a~ sfd{ln ed~ ok è diikeck ~d

rld~ èn rkrk~`~k ~kdash `jàes~ drrkssayk kjahks zfacf `c~ ae ok`cf di

~fka ae~ke`~ade`l dolaj`~ades, s{omkc~ ~d ~fk rdyasd ~f`~ cayalaès èn ede(

cdho`~è~s `k ed~ nklaok`~klq ~`jk~kn d idkskke `s yac~ahs%

::% @e aeidh`l jd{r di Hkhoks di R la`hke~ as aecl{nkn ae ~fdsk zfd f`yk

s{jjks~kn ~f`~ ~fkk sfd{ln ok ` s~`~{~dq nkikeck ~d ~fk kiikc~ ~f`~ `jkkhke~s èn

`c~ades nksajekn ~d i{~fk ae~ke`~ade`l f{hèa~àè l`z sfd{ln ok kvcl{nkn idh

~fk nkiaea~ade di ~kdash, d `~ lk`s~ rdyankn za~f ` s~`~{~dq nkikeck%^fkq ca~k

kv`hrlks di fas~dac ikkndh iajf~ks zfd zkk `~ dek ~ahk kj`nkn `s ~kdas~s,

za~f Eklsde Hènkl` di~ke p{d~kn `s ~fk r``najh33%

–>3–

33 Skk Eaklske G De ~fk Hd`l M{s~aiaòala~q di ^kdash &S~`~k èn D~fkzask! W?223X >0 Dsjddnk F`ll L`z Md{e`l >?: %



:6% @~~`c~ayk ~fd{jf ~fk òdyk rdrdsa~ade {end{o~knlq as `~ ias~ kecd{e~k, a~ àsks

k`l naiiac{l~aks% ^fk ias~ as ~f`~ ae a~skli a~ as cde~`q ~d ae~ke`~ade l ~k`~q

dolaj`~ades s{hhàskn ae ^òlk ? òdyk, ed~òlq ~fk Cd{ecal di K{drk

Cdeyke~ade de ~fk Rkyke~ade di ^kdash W?22;X èn ~fk [E Jldo`l Cd{e~k

^kdash S~`~kjq W?229X % A~ cde~`nac~s ae~ke`~ade`l cdhha~hke~s ~d }kd

~dlkèck di ~kdash `s ` rdla~ac l ~ddl% ^fk skcden naiiac{l~q àsks idh ~fk

{end{o~kn i`c~ ~f`~ ~fkk as i` idh ~d~`l ae~ke`~ade`l d ndhks~ac `jkkhke~ `s

~d zfacf kjahks `k$`k ed~ ae ok`cf di ae~ke`~ade`l f{hèa~àè l`z% Zfd

zd{ln nkcank zfacf zkk ~fk ‖o`n‑ kjahks `jàes~ zfacf ~kdas~ `c~s zkk

rkhassaolk4 Ai ~fk nkcasade z`s oq Haeas~k di ~fk Cdze,zd{ln a~ ok rrdra`~k

id ~fk Cd{~s ~d kyakz ~fk ck~aiac`~ade4 Zf`~ ai R`la`hke~ zkk ~d r`ss `

ksdl{~ade ae nas`jkkhke~ za~f ~fk Haeas~k‑s nkcasade4 Zf`~ zd{ln ok ~fk

cdeskp{kecks di ` ndhks~ac l`z ~f`~ sd cde~`nac~kn ~fk [ea~kn Gaejndh‑s

ae~ke`~ade`l ~k`~q dolaj`~ades `s ~d ok zkll d{~sank ~fk `rrdra`~k e`~ade`l

h`jae di `rrkca`~ade4 Fdz zank as ~f`~ h`jae4 @e `~~khr~ ae R`la`hke~ ae ?222

~d `ndr~ ` ‖nksaje`~kn cd{e~aks‑ `rrd`cf iàlkn3> ae nko`~k%

:1% K{drkè Cdeyke~ade de F{hè _ajf~s @~aclks 1(00, @e~a( kdash @c~ ?22?

skc~ade 63%20 WCè`n`X èn ^kdash S{rrkssade @c~ ?220 skc~ade ;&;! WEkz

]k`lènX `k `ll khrf`~ac rdyasades ae i`yd{ di ikkndh di klajade, `ssdca`~ade,

kvrkssade en oklaki%Zfals~ A cè skk ed domkc~ade ~d ~fk aecl{sade ae lkjasl`~ade di

rdyasades sahal` ~d ~fdsk ae Cè`n` en Ekz ]k`lèn,~fkk as ed kyankeck di ~fka

f`yaej h`nk èq sajeaiacè~ naiikkeck ~d ~fk nkcasades di Haeas~ks d Cd{~s ae

~fdsk cd{e~aks%^fk KCF_, ~djk~fk za~f ~fk F{hè _ajf~s @c~ 0116 skc~ade 3

rdyank ~fk h`~ka`l j{`è~kk id ~fk [ea~kn Gaejndh3;%

–>>–

3> Fd{sk di Cdhhdes Nko`~ks,S~ènaej Cdhha~~kk N,06~f Mè{ q ?222,cdl% ?9 èn idlldzaej%

3; [ski{l m{naca`l cdhhke~s cè ok id{en ae, id kv`hrlk, _ y NRR kv r`~k Gkoalkek W?222X ? @C 3?9 rk Ldn Cddgk%



62% ^fk cdesank`~ades d{~laekn ae ~fk rkyad{s r``j`rf lk`yk hk ae ed nd{o~ ~f`~

~fkk as k`llq ed r`c~ac`l z`q di ae~dn{caej ~fk gaen di s~`~{~dq nkikeck

s{jjks~kn,èn `~ ~fk s`hk ~ahk khàe za~fae ae~ke`~ade`l lkj`l dolaj`~ades%

60% Fdzkyk, A s{jjks~ ~f`~ ekz s~`~{~dq dolaj`~ade ok aesk~kn za~fae ~fk nkiaea~ade

skc~ade ~d s~kej~fke cdeiankeck ~f`~ ~fk nasck~ade id d `jàes~ ~fk {sk di ~fk

^kdash @c~ ?222 as kvkcaskn cdkc~lq ae kl`~ade ~d `c~ades d{~sank ~fk [ea~kn

Gaejndh èn rksdes èn rdrk~q d{~sank ~fk [ea~kn Gaejndh% ^fk ekz

dolaj`~ade hajf~ kp{ak `ll {sks di ~fk @c~ ae kl`~ade ~d kv~`~ka~da`l h`~~ks ~d

ok s{omkc~ ~d ~fk `rrdy`l di ~fk @~~dekq Jkek`l f`yaej kj`n ~d &`! ~fk e`~{k

di ~fk `c~ade d ~fk`~ di `c~ade {enk aeyks~aj`~ade &o! ~fk ~`jk~ di ~fk `c~ade d

~fk ~fk`~ di `c~ade, èn &c! ae~ke`~ade`l lkj`l dolaj`~ades%

6?% A~ sfd{ln khàe clk` ~f`~ `c~ades s{cf `s ~fk `~~khr~kn sh{jjlaej di rdfaoa~kn

èn rd~ke~a`llq ~kdas~ h`~ka`l idh ~fas cd{e~q ~d d~fk cd{e~aks, zf`~kyk

~fka rdla~ac`l cdhrlkvade, `k ndhks~ac cahks za~fae ~fk [G%

–>;–



S^@^K @C^D_S

63% A f`yk kckaykn skyk l krkske~`~ades ~d ~fk kiikc~ ~f`~ ~fk nkiaea~ade sfd{ln h`gk

a~ clk` ~f`~ S~`~k `c~ds `k m{s~ `s laòlk ~d ok c`{jf~ oq ~fk nkiaea~ade di ~kdash

`s èqdek klsk%^f{s ai ~fk fk`ns di jdykehke~ di cd{e~aks rkckaykn oq sdhk d

hèq ~d ok j{al~q di s~`~k ~kdash zkk ~d ke~k d{ m{asnac~ades ~fkq zd{ln ok

laòlk ~d rdskc{~ade%

6>% A cè skk ~fk `~~ c~ade di ~fk `j{hke~%Edodnq sfd{ln ok òdyk ~fk l`z, fdzkyk

kv`l~kn ~fka s~`~{s, ok ~fkq idk d llq%Fdzkyk, A f`yk cdecl{nkn ~f`~ ~fas as ed~ e

ass{k di nkiaea~ade, o{~ dek di m{asnac~ade% Narldh`~ac ahh{ea~q kes{ks ~f`~

narldh`~s èn Haeas~ks `k jayke sìk r`ss`jk èn `k cdesankkn ed~ s{sckr~aolk

~d rdskc{~ade {enk ~fk fds~ cd{e~q‑s l`zs% C{ke~lq id{enkn de ~fk Yakee`

Cdeyke~ade de Narldh`~ac _kl`~ades W0190X , a~ f`s ` h{cf ldejk fas~dq ae

ae~ke`~ade`l l`z%^fas krd~ as ed~ ~fk `rrdra`~k rl`ck id kcdhhkenaej cfèjk

~d ` ndc~aek i{en`hke~`l ~d kl`~ades ok~zkke sdykkaje s~`~ks%

6;% Narldh`~ac ahh{ea~q `s è aes~a~{~ade f`s nkykldrkn ~d `lldz id ~fk hàe~keèck

di jdykehke~ kl`~ades, aecl{naej n{aej rkadns di naiiac{l~aks èn kyke `hkn

cdeilac~%^fk ahrd~èck di s{cf cfèekls cde~ae{aej kyke ok~zkke szde kekhaks

èn ~d ` o`cgjd{en di nas`rrdy`l rdoòlq d{~zkajfs ~fk hd`la~q o`skn nksak

~d h`gk ed naiikkeck ok~zkke s~`~k èn ede(s~`~k `c~ds%

–>9–



H@AE CDECL[SADES

69% Hq hàe cdecl{sades k `s idlldzs=&0! ^fkk as ed saejlk nkiaea~ade di ~kdash ~f`~ cdhhèns i{ll

ae~ke`~ade l `rrdy`l%

&?! ^fk asgs rdskn oq ~kdash en a~s e ~{k `s cahk `k s{iiacake~ ~d

ekckssa~ ~k rdrd~ade`l srkca`l l`zs ~d `ssas~ rkyke~ade, nas{r~ade

èn nk~kc~ade%

&3! @ nkiaea~ade di ~kdash as {ski{l `s r`~ di s{cf l`zs%

&>! ^fk c{ke~ nkiaea~ade ae ~fk ^kdash @c~ ?222 as cdesas~ke~ za~f ae~ke`~ade`l cdhr``~ds èn ~k`~aks, èn as {ski{l èn od`nlq ia~

id r{rdsk, s{omkc~ ~d sdhk `l~k`~ade%

&;! Anadsqec`~ac ~kdash aha~`~ds sfd{ln jkek`llq ok nk`l~ za~f

{enk ede(~kdash cahae`l l`z%

&9! ^fk nasck~ade yks~kn ae ~fk {~fda~aks ~d {sk d ed~ ~d {sk ~fk srkca l

l`zs as ` k`l èn sajeaiacè~ klkhke~ di rd~kc~ade `jàes~ ò{sk di

ajf~s%

&:! ^fk kvkcask di s{cf nasck~ade kp{aks ksrkca`l c`k oq ~fdsk ae

zfdh ~fk nasck~ade as yks~kn%

&6! Ekz ske~kecaej rdzks sfd{ln ok ae~dn{ckn ~d keòlk è `nna~ade`l

ske~keck id dnae`q cahae`l diikecks, ai `jj`y`~kn oq ~fk

ae~ke~ade ~d i`cala~`~k d `ssas~ ` ~kdas~, ` ~kdas~ jd{r d `

~kdas~ r{rdsk%

&1! Diikecks `jàes~ rdrk~q sfd{ln cde~ae{k ~d i`ll za~fae ~fk

nkiaea~ade di ~kdas~ `c~s%

&02! _klajad{s c`{sks sfd{ln cde~ae{k ~d i`ll za~fae ~fk nkiaea~ade di

~kdas~ nksajes%

&00! ^fk kvas~aej l`z sfd{ln ok `hkenkn sd ~f`~ `c~ades ck`sk ~d i`ll

za~fae ~fk nkiaea~ade di ~kdash ai ae~kenkn delq ~d aeil{keck ~fk

~`jk~ {nakeck7 id ~kdash ~d ask ~fkk sfd{ln ok ~fk ae~ke~ade ~d

ae~ahan`~k ~fk ~`jk~ `{nakeck%

–>:–



&0?! ^fk kvas~aej nkiaea~ade sfd{ln ok `hkenkn ~d kes{k ~f`~ a~ as clk`

idh ~fk s~`~{~dq lèj{`jk ~f`~ ~kdash hd~ay`~kn oq ` `ca`l d

k~feac c`{sk as aecl{nkn%

&03! Kv~`(~ka~da`la~q sfd{ln khàe za~fae ~fk nkiaea~ade ae ccdnèck

za~f ae~ke`~ade`l dolaj`~ades%

&0>! @ srkcaiac s~ ~{~dq nkikeck di s{rrd~ id ` m{s~ c`{sk as ed~

r`c~acòlk%

&0;! @ ekz s~ ~{~dq dolaj`~ade sfd{ln kp{ak ~f`~ ~fk kvkcask di ~fk

nasck~ade ~d {sk srkca`l cd{e~k(~kdash l`zs ae kl`~ade ~d kv~`(

~ka~da`l h`~~ks sfd{ln ok s{omkc~ ~d ~fk `rrdy`l di ~fk @~~dekq(

Jkek`l f`yaej kj`n ~d &`! ~fk e`~{k di ~fk `c~ade d ~fk ~fk`~ di

`c~ade {enk aeyks~aj`~ade, &o! ~fk ~`jk~ di ~fk `c~ade d ~fk`~, èn

&c! ae~ke`~ade`l lkj`l dolaj`~ades%

&09! ^fk l`z sfd{ln ed~ ok `hkenkn ~d keòlk ~fk {sk ae ~fk [ea~kn

Gaejndh di ~fk srkca`l l`zs `jàes~ rksdes s{omkc~ ~d narldh`~ac

ahh{ea~q%

Ldn C`lalk di Okakz P%C%

1(0? Okll Q`n, Ldende ZC?@ ?M_ 0; H`cf ?22:%

–>6–

Rae~kn ae ~fk [G oq ^fk S~`~adekq Diiack Laha~kn

de okf`li di ~fk Cde~dllk di Fk H`mks~q‑s S~`~adekq Diiack

AN;;3;0:: 23$2: 39?1?1 01;6;

Rae~kn de R`rk cde~àeaej :;+ iaok cde~ke~ haeah{h%



R{olasfkn oq SD &^fk S~`~adekq Diiack! èn `yàlòlk idh=

Delaek

zzz%~sdsfdr%cd%{g

Hàl, klkrfdek,I`v ) K(hàl

^SD

RD Odv ?1, Edzacf E_3 0JE

^klkrfdek dnks$Jkek`l kep{aaks 26:2 922 ;;??

Dnk ~fd{jf ~fk R`la`hke~`q Fd~laek Ld(c`ll 26>; : 2?3>:>

I`v dnks 26:2 922 ;;33

Khàl oddg%dnksB~sd%cd%{g

^kv~rfdek 26:2 ?>2 3:20

the definition of terrorism

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