the ddt ban controversy yolanda lukovinyova what is ddt anyway? organochlorine insecticide first...
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The DDT Ban Controversy
Yolanda Lukovinyova
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What is DDT Anyway?
• Organochlorine insecticide • First synthesized in 1877• 1948 Dr. Paul Müller was awarded
the Nobel Prize for its insecticide properties
• Extensively used during WWII to control typhus and malaria
• Banned in the US in 1972
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DDT Chemical Information
DDT DichlorodiphenyltrichloroethaneMolecular
FormulaC14H9Cl5
Molecular Weight
354.49
Melting point 108.5°C
Boiling Point 260 °C
Solubility (H2O) < 1 mg/mL @ 21 °C
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Why did the US ban DDT?
• The public outcry based on the book, Silent Spring by Rachel Carson published in 1962
• Scientific studies showed that DDT was carcinogenic
• Scientific studies showed that DDT caused thinning egg shells in birds
• Toxicity data acquired about DDT
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Worldwide Ban Controversy
• UN had to decide if a worldwide ban by 2004 should be implemented
• The ban was to be imposed on 12 toxic chemicals known as the Dirty Dozen.
• DDT is part of the Dirty Dozen
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Worldwide Ban Cont’d
• Proponents evidence:– Scientific studies done to show DDT is
carcinogenic– Scientific studies showing egg shell thinning
in various bird populations as a result of DDT
– DDT is so stable it takes many years to decompose
– DDT accumulates in fatty tissue of animals– Precautionary principle
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Worldwide Ban Cont’d
• Opponents evidence:– Banning DDT would kill millions of people
because it helps control malaria, typhus and other diseases
– Many of the scientific studies were flawed– No human has ever died from DDT– Bans should not be based on
precautionary principles, rather on science
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DDT should not be banned because…
• Prevents diseases • Good insecticide• Science proving DDT to be
carcinogenic and bad for the environment is flawed
• Politics controlled the US decision to ban DDT, not factual science.
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DDT is an insecticide
• Very effective towards disease carrying mosquitoes
• Used heavily after 1945 in the agriculture industryCheapest
insecticide available
Cheapest insecticide available
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DDT prevents diseases
• Can be used to kill disease-bearing lice
• DDT can be used as a repellant– Sprayed on walls of buildings to repel
insects– Diseases insects can carry are
malaria, sleeping sickness, and yellow fever
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DDT flawed science
• Carcinogenic studies– In 1969 study of mice, it was shown
that the DDT sprayed mice developed tumors.
– Reality was that the mice food was carcinogenic
– After the study was redone without carcinogenic food, no mouse formed a tumor
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DDT flawed science cont’d
• Eggshell thinning evidence– 1968 studies reported high DDT
concentrations in the eggs of raptors•Resulting in thinning egg shells•Decline in population
– Reality was that the population declined before the use of DDT and after it had been banned
– Researchers admitted to the fact that the egg extracts studied had little or no DDT
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DDT Flawed Science Cont’d
• Another study, done with quails showed a thinning egg shell problem– Quail diet in the study did not have
enough calcium – If there is not enough calcium in the
diet, egg shells naturally thin
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DDT and Politics
• US ban was based on politics• 1972, Judge Sweeney listened to 7
months of testimony about DDT and determined it not to be a carcinogenic hazard to man or animals
• 2 months later, EPA head declared that DDT was a potential human carcinogen and should be banned
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Conclusion
• DDT should not be banned worldwide because of the lack of scientific evidence.
• Not allowing the use of DDT would kill millions of people around the world
• I prefer dead mosquitoes over dead children.
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Sources Cited
• “Biomagnification: how DDT becomes concentrated as it passes through a food chain.” Biomagnification. June 13, 2002. http://www.ultranet.com/~jkimball/BiologyPages/D/DDTandTrophicLevels.html
• ChemFinder. June 13, 2002. http://www.chemfinder.com
• Dinan, Frank J. and Bieron, Joseph F. “To Spray or Not to Spray: A Debate Over Malaria and DDT.” To Spray or Not to Spray: A Debate Over Malaria and DDT- Case Study Collection. June 13, 2002. http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/projects/cases/ddt/ddt.htm
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Sources Cited Cont’d
• Milloy, Steven. “At Risk from the Pesticide Myth.” Junkscience.com—At Risk from the Pesticide Myth. June 10, 2002. http://www.junkscience.com/foxnews/fn072800.htm
• “Extoxnet Pesticide Information Profile—DDT.” EXTOXNET PIP – DDT. June 13, 2002. http://ace.orst.edu/cgi-bin/mfs/01/pips/ddt.htm
• “Facts versus Fears: DDT”. Facts versus fears – DDT. June 13, 2002. http://www.altgreen.com.au/chemicals/ddt.html
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Sources Cited Cont’d
• Katz, Harry. “DDT and Chlordane Killed by Politics, Not Science.” PCT Online >> Article >> DDT and Chlordane Killed by Politics, Not Science. June 13, 2002. http://www.pctonline.com/articles/article.asp?Id=216&SubCatID=36&CatID=9
• Many images are from Microsoft’s online clipart library.
• Mosquito. June 14, 2002. seth-swims.ohdrats.com/ sounds/ wav/ mosquito.wav
• Sound Aerosol Spray Can. June 14, 2002. kumori.free.fr/ aerosol.wav
• Virtual Zoo. June 12, 2002. http://students.cs.byu.edu/~ik7/virtualzoo/