the database environment definitions: data, information, database, metadatadata, information file...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: THE DATABASE ENVIRONMENT Definitions: Data, Information, Database, MetadataData, Information File Processing Systems The Database Approach Components of](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081508/56649f1c5503460f94c32234/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
THE DATABASE ENVIRONMENTTHE DATABASE ENVIRONMENT
Definitions: Data, Information, Database, Metadata
File Processing SystemsThe Database ApproachComponents of the Database EnvironmentEvolution of Database Systems
![Page 2: THE DATABASE ENVIRONMENT Definitions: Data, Information, Database, MetadataData, Information File Processing Systems The Database Approach Components of](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081508/56649f1c5503460f94c32234/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Data versus InformationData versus Information
1200100
WestCharles Mann
79154 TM Shoes
Monthly Sales Report for West Region
Sales Rep: Charles MannEmp No. 79154Item Qty Sold PriceTM Shoes 1200 $100
![Page 3: THE DATABASE ENVIRONMENT Definitions: Data, Information, Database, MetadataData, Information File Processing Systems The Database Approach Components of](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081508/56649f1c5503460f94c32234/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: THE DATABASE ENVIRONMENT Definitions: Data, Information, Database, MetadataData, Information File Processing Systems The Database Approach Components of](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081508/56649f1c5503460f94c32234/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Some DefinitionsSome Definitions
Data: Meaningful facts, text, graphics, images, sound, video segments.
Database: An organized collection of logically related data.
Information: Data processed to be useful in decision making.
Metadata: Data that describes data.
![Page 5: THE DATABASE ENVIRONMENT Definitions: Data, Information, Database, MetadataData, Information File Processing Systems The Database Approach Components of](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081508/56649f1c5503460f94c32234/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: THE DATABASE ENVIRONMENT Definitions: Data, Information, Database, MetadataData, Information File Processing Systems The Database Approach Components of](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081508/56649f1c5503460f94c32234/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Metadata for Class RosterMetadata for Class Roster
Data Name Data Type Length Value DescriptionCOURSE Alphanumeric 30 Course ID and nameSECTION Integer 1 {1,2,...,9} Section numberSEMESTER Alphanumeric 10 Semester and yearNAME Alphanumeric 30 Student nameID Integer 9 Student IDMAJOR Alphanumeric 4 Student majorGPA Decimal 3 (0, 4.0) Student grade point average
Descriptions of the properties or characteristics of the data, including data types, field sizes, allowable values, and documentation
![Page 7: THE DATABASE ENVIRONMENT Definitions: Data, Information, Database, MetadataData, Information File Processing Systems The Database Approach Components of](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081508/56649f1c5503460f94c32234/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Three file processing systems at Three file processing systems at Pine Valley FurniturePine Valley Furniture
![Page 8: THE DATABASE ENVIRONMENT Definitions: Data, Information, Database, MetadataData, Information File Processing Systems The Database Approach Components of](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081508/56649f1c5503460f94c32234/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Disadvantages of File Processing Disadvantages of File Processing SystemsSystems
Program-Data Dependence– data descriptions are included with the application
programs that use the data
Data Redundancy (Duplication of data) Limited Data Sharing Lengthy Development Times Excessive Program Maintenance
![Page 9: THE DATABASE ENVIRONMENT Definitions: Data, Information, Database, MetadataData, Information File Processing Systems The Database Approach Components of](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081508/56649f1c5503460f94c32234/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
SOLUTION: The DATABASE ApproachSOLUTION: The DATABASE Approach
Central repository of shared dataData is managed by a controlling agentStored in a standardized, convenient
form
Requires a Database Management System (DBMS)
![Page 10: THE DATABASE ENVIRONMENT Definitions: Data, Information, Database, MetadataData, Information File Processing Systems The Database Approach Components of](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081508/56649f1c5503460f94c32234/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Database Management Database Management SystemSystem
DBMS manages data resources like an operating system manages hardware resources
DBMSDBMS Databasecontainingcentralized
shared data
Application#1
Application#2
Application#3
![Page 11: THE DATABASE ENVIRONMENT Definitions: Data, Information, Database, MetadataData, Information File Processing Systems The Database Approach Components of](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081508/56649f1c5503460f94c32234/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The Database ApproachThe Database Approachemphasizes the integration and sharing of data thru the emphasizes the integration and sharing of data thru the
organizationorganization
An enterprise data model is a graphical model that shows the high-level entities for the organization and the relationship among those entities– An entity is an object or
concept that is important to the business
– ERD
Relational Databases– ORDER (O_ID, C_ID, O_Date)– ORDER_LINE (O_ID, P_ID,
QTY_Ordered)
A database application is used to perform a series of database activities (create, read, update, delete)
– The range of Database Applications
Advantages
![Page 12: THE DATABASE ENVIRONMENT Definitions: Data, Information, Database, MetadataData, Information File Processing Systems The Database Approach Components of](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081508/56649f1c5503460f94c32234/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Segment from enterprise data modelSegment from enterprise data model
Figure 3
![Page 13: THE DATABASE ENVIRONMENT Definitions: Data, Information, Database, MetadataData, Information File Processing Systems The Database Approach Components of](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081508/56649f1c5503460f94c32234/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Figure 3Segment from enterprise data model
One customer may place many orders, but each order is placed by a single customer
One-to-many relationship
![Page 14: THE DATABASE ENVIRONMENT Definitions: Data, Information, Database, MetadataData, Information File Processing Systems The Database Approach Components of](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081508/56649f1c5503460f94c32234/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Figure 3Segment from enterprise data model
One order has many order lines; each order line is associated with a single order
One-to-many relationship
![Page 15: THE DATABASE ENVIRONMENT Definitions: Data, Information, Database, MetadataData, Information File Processing Systems The Database Approach Components of](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081508/56649f1c5503460f94c32234/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Figure 3Segment from enterprise data model
One product can be in many order lines, each order line refers to a single product
One-to-many relationship
![Page 16: THE DATABASE ENVIRONMENT Definitions: Data, Information, Database, MetadataData, Information File Processing Systems The Database Approach Components of](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081508/56649f1c5503460f94c32234/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Figure 3 Segment from enterprise data model
Therefore, one order involves many products and one product is involved in many orders
Many-to-many relationship
![Page 17: THE DATABASE ENVIRONMENT Definitions: Data, Information, Database, MetadataData, Information File Processing Systems The Database Approach Components of](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081508/56649f1c5503460f94c32234/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Order and Order_Line tables
![Page 18: THE DATABASE ENVIRONMENT Definitions: Data, Information, Database, MetadataData, Information File Processing Systems The Database Approach Components of](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081508/56649f1c5503460f94c32234/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Product and Customer tables
![Page 19: THE DATABASE ENVIRONMENT Definitions: Data, Information, Database, MetadataData, Information File Processing Systems The Database Approach Components of](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081508/56649f1c5503460f94c32234/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Figure 1-4 Order, Order_Line, Customer, and Product tables
Relationships established in special columns that provide links between tables
![Page 20: THE DATABASE ENVIRONMENT Definitions: Data, Information, Database, MetadataData, Information File Processing Systems The Database Approach Components of](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081508/56649f1c5503460f94c32234/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Figure 1-5 Client/server system for Pine Valley Furniture Company
![Page 21: THE DATABASE ENVIRONMENT Definitions: Data, Information, Database, MetadataData, Information File Processing Systems The Database Approach Components of](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081508/56649f1c5503460f94c32234/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Advantages of the Database Advantages of the Database ApproachApproach
Data Independence/Reduced Maintenance– Data independence refers to the separation of data descriptions
from the application programs that use the data
Improved Data Sharing Increased Application Development Productivity Enforcement of Standards Improved Data Quality (Constraints) Better Data Accessibility/ Responsiveness Security, Backup/Recovery, Concurrency
![Page 22: THE DATABASE ENVIRONMENT Definitions: Data, Information, Database, MetadataData, Information File Processing Systems The Database Approach Components of](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081508/56649f1c5503460f94c32234/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The Range of Database ApplicationsThe Range of Database Applications
Personal Databases – support one user
Workgroup Databases– a workgroup is a relatively small team of people who
collaborate on the same project or application Department Databases
– support the various functions and activities of a department
Enterprise Databases– ERP work with the current operational data– Data warehouses
Internet Databases
![Page 23: THE DATABASE ENVIRONMENT Definitions: Data, Information, Database, MetadataData, Information File Processing Systems The Database Approach Components of](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081508/56649f1c5503460f94c32234/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Workgroup databaseWorkgroup database
![Page 24: THE DATABASE ENVIRONMENT Definitions: Data, Information, Database, MetadataData, Information File Processing Systems The Database Approach Components of](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081508/56649f1c5503460f94c32234/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Figure 1-9 An enterprise data warehouse
![Page 25: THE DATABASE ENVIRONMENT Definitions: Data, Information, Database, MetadataData, Information File Processing Systems The Database Approach Components of](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081508/56649f1c5503460f94c32234/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Components of the Database Components of the Database EnvironmentEnvironment
CASE Tools Repository - a centralized storehouse for all data definitions, data
relationships, and other system components
Database Management System (DBMS) Database - organized collection of logically related data
Application Programs User Interface Data Administrators System Developers End Users
![Page 26: THE DATABASE ENVIRONMENT Definitions: Data, Information, Database, MetadataData, Information File Processing Systems The Database Approach Components of](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081508/56649f1c5503460f94c32234/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Components ofComponents ofthe Database Environmentthe Database Environment
![Page 27: THE DATABASE ENVIRONMENT Definitions: Data, Information, Database, MetadataData, Information File Processing Systems The Database Approach Components of](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081508/56649f1c5503460f94c32234/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Evolution of Database TechnologiesEvolution of Database Technologies
![Page 28: THE DATABASE ENVIRONMENT Definitions: Data, Information, Database, MetadataData, Information File Processing Systems The Database Approach Components of](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081508/56649f1c5503460f94c32234/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Evolution of DB SystemsEvolution of DB Systems
Flat files - 1960s - 1980s Hierarchical – 1970s - 1990s Network – 1970s - 1990s Relational – 1980s - present Object-oriented – 1990s - present Object-relational – 1990s - present Data warehousing – 1980s - present Web-enabled – 1990s - present
![Page 29: THE DATABASE ENVIRONMENT Definitions: Data, Information, Database, MetadataData, Information File Processing Systems The Database Approach Components of](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081508/56649f1c5503460f94c32234/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Figure 1-2 Three file processing systems at Pine Valley Furniture
Duplicate Data
![Page 30: THE DATABASE ENVIRONMENT Definitions: Data, Information, Database, MetadataData, Information File Processing Systems The Database Approach Components of](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081508/56649f1c5503460f94c32234/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Problems with Data RedundancyProblems with Data Redundancy
Waste of space to have duplicate dataCauses more maintenance headachesThe biggest Problem:
– When data changes in one file, could cause inconsistencies
– Compromises data integrity
![Page 31: THE DATABASE ENVIRONMENT Definitions: Data, Information, Database, MetadataData, Information File Processing Systems The Database Approach Components of](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081508/56649f1c5503460f94c32234/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Problems with Data DependencyProblems with Data Dependency Each application programmer must maintain their
own data Each application program needs to include code
for the metadata of each file Each application program must have its own
processing routines for reading, inserting, updating and deleting data
Lack of coordination and central control Non-standard file formats
![Page 32: THE DATABASE ENVIRONMENT Definitions: Data, Information, Database, MetadataData, Information File Processing Systems The Database Approach Components of](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081508/56649f1c5503460f94c32234/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Costs & Risks of the Database ApproachCosts & Risks of the Database Approach
Up-front costs:– Installation Management Cost and Complexity– Conversion Costs
Ongoing Costs– Requires New, Specialized Personnel– Need for Explicit Backup and Recovery
Organizational Conflict– Old habits die hard