PowerPoint Presentation

The dark sectorJess Martnez Manso

What is the Universe made of?

Gas (H) Stars Dust

What?How?Dark matterGalaxiesSouth Pole Telescope: microwavesSpitzer: infraredGTC: visibleMy research

Dark energy: the weirdo

Universe is expanding, and accelerating!Mysterious effect, lets call it DARK ENERGY

Einsteins equationsGeometry of spaceEnergy and mass

Einsteins equations

3 space + 1 time components 16 equations, ugh!Universe is isotropicAssumptions:Universe is homogeneous at large scales

Just ONE equation for the expansion of the Universe:

Observations

Riess, Perlmutter & Schmidt 1998

Perlmutter, Schmidt & Riess 1998speed distanceUniverse is accelerating!!Observations

Fitting theory to observationsExtra term: dark energy

speed distance

Weird propertiesDE density remains constant as Universe expandswhile matter and radiation get diluted

DE will increasingly dominate the Universe, accelerating expansion even moreSize ofUniversetime (billion years)0 7 14 21 28 35

Big RipYou are here

Where is this extra energy coming from?

But, what is it, really? = vacuum energy?10120 prediction Evacuummeasured >Merp.

DEs cousin: inflation

Cool discoveries aheadSome day we might harness the power of dark energy in technology

Fritz Zwicky, 1933

Galaxy cluster Coma

Dark matter

H. Babcock, 1939

Dark matterHow does it interact?Gravitational forceElectromagnetic forceWeak forceStrong force

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Dark matterWhat can it be?

We need to figure out things like:

Better measurement of its temperatureDoes it annihilate with itself?Unlike with dark energy, here we have some plausible candidates, like WIMPSBUT

Black holes

Come closer, I just wanna playHi, Im a region where space is so warped that not even light can escape.

Formation of BH depends on density, not just on total mass.There are several ways to form oneMain typesMicro BH, Mass < 1 gramStellar BH,Mass ~ 10 MsunSupermassive BH,Mass ~ 1 Billion Msun

Stellar black holesMost common black holesFinal evolutionary stage of large stars

Stellar black holesWe should not fear their fly-bys any more than other bodies of same mass

Supermassive black holesAlmost every biggish galaxy has one at its centerThey have masses around 1 BILLION times our Sun

Our galaxy has one too:

Supermassive black holesFrom time to time, they will swallow gas clouds and light up the entire galaxy.

In these stages, they are called Active Galactic Nuclei

Gultekin et al. 2009Supermassive black holesWe dont know how they formed!!BH mass is correlated to host galaxy mass:Which formed first??

Thanks!