the dairy paradox...erectile dysfunction* macular degeneration hypertension acne migraine lupus...
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T Colin CampbellProfessor Emeritus
Nutritional Biochemistry
Cornell University
The Dairy Paradox
“The Protein Gap”
Resolving childhood malnutrition
TC Campbell
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“The Protein Gap”
Solving malnutritionPromoting Greater Protein Consumption?
TC Campbell
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A Peculiar Observation (anecdotal)
The few families consuming the most protein—more childhood liver
cancer
Effect of Dietary Protein on AFB1-
Initiated Liver Cancer (Rats)
Dietary Protein (%)Animals with tumors and
hyperplastic nodules
20% (regular)
5% (low)
Madhavan and Gopalan, 1968.Confirmed by Wells et al, 1974. 49 years ago
Effect of Dietary Protein on AFB1-
Initiated Liver Cancer (Rats)
Dietary Protein (%)Animals with tumors and
hyperplastic nodules
20% (regular)
5% (low)
30/30 (100%)
0/12 (0%)
Madhavan and Gopalan, 1968.Confirmed by Wells et al, 1974. 49 years ago
Dietary Protein and AFB1- Initiated Liver Cancer (Rats)
Dietary Protein (%)Animals with tumors and
hyperplastic nodules
20% (regular)
5% (low)
30/30 (100%)
0/12 (0%)
Madhavan and Gopalan, 1968.Confirmed by Wells et al, 1974.
Increasing ProteinIncreasing Cancer?
49 years ago
What Mechanism Explains High Protein Feeding On Cancer?
INITIATION (Mutation)
PROMOTION (Cell Expansion)
PROGRESSION (Metastasis)
TC Campbell
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3 6 9 12
Can
cer
Inde
x
High Dietary Protein and EARLY Cancer(Youngman and Campbell, J. Nutr., 1991, Nutr. Cancer, 1992)
Weeks
Genetic Mutation
3 6 9 12
Can
cer
Inde
x
High Dietary Protein and EARLY Cancer(Youngman and Campbell, J. Nutr., 1991, Nutr. Cancer, 1992)
Weeks
Genetic Mutation
5%
3 6 9 12
Can
cer
Inde
x
High Dietary Protein and EARLY Cancer(Youngman and Campbell, J. Nutr., 1991, Nutr. Cancer, 1992)
Weeks
5%
20%
Genetic Mutation
3 6 9 12
Can
cer
Inde
x
20%
High Dietary Protein and EARLY Cancer(Youngman and Campbell, J. Nutr., 1991, Nutr. Cancer, 1992)
Weeks
20%
Genetic Mutation
3 6 9 12
Can
cer
Inde
x
5%
20%
High Dietary Protein and EARLY Cancer(Youngman and Campbell, J. Nutr., 1991, Nutr. Cancer, 1992)
Weeks
20%
Genetic Mutation
3 6 9 12
Can
cer
Inde
x20%
5%
20%
High Dietary Protein and EARLY Cancer(Youngman and Campbell, J. Nutr., 1991, Nutr. Cancer, 1992)
Weeks
20%
Genetic Mutation
3 6 9 12
Can
cer
Inde
x
5%
20%
5%
20%
High Dietary Protein and EARLY Cancer(Youngman and Campbell, J. Nutr., 1991, Nutr. Cancer, 1992)
Weeks
20%
Genetic Mutation
3 6 9 12
Can
cer
Inde
x
20%
High Dietary Protein and EARLY Cancer(Youngman L. MS Thesis. Cornell, 1987)
Weeks
Genetic Mutation
5%
3 6 9 12
Can
cer
Inde
x
20%
High Dietary Protein and EARLY Cancer(Youngman L. MS Thesis. Cornell, 1987)
Weeks
Genetic Mutation
5%
Early Genetic Mutations Don’t Disappear
Protein (Casein) Nutrition And HBV(viral)-Induced Cancer Genes!
TRANSGENIC
(Hu, J., Cheng, Z. Oncogene, 1997; Hepatology, 1997)
Protein (Casein) Nutrition And HBV(viral)-Induced Cancer Genes!
TRANSGENIC
(Hu, J., Cheng, Z. Oncogene, 1997; Hepatology, 1997)
Experimental Protein is CASEIN (Main Protein of Cow’s Milk)
Soy & wheat protein did not increase pre-cancer development, even at 20% of diet
calories
TC Campbell20
Dietary protein CONTROLS mutations caused by aflatoxin and hepatitis B virus mutations
What does this say about environmental carcinogens?
Chemical Carcinogens Have Been Considered Main Causes Of Cancer In Food
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Official Testing For Chemical Carcinogens
Dose of Chemical (mg/kg BW)
Very High Dose of Suspect Chemical
% C
ance
r Re
spon
se
102 10110010-110-210-5
10-1
10-4
10-5
10-6
100
101
102 Very Low Human Exposure
(what is dose-response?)
?Threshold
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From Animal Data to Human Data?
Dose of Chemical (mg/kg BW)
Very High Dose of Suspect Chemical
% C
ance
r Re
spon
se
102 10110010-110-210-5
10-1
10-4
10-5
10-6
100
101
102 Casein Increases Cancer At Usual
Intakes
?Threshold
Casein, an animal-based protein, is the most relevant carcinogen ever identified
TC Campbell25
Campbell, T. C. Chemical carcinogens and human risk assessment. Fed. Proc. 39, 2467-2484 (1980)
Experimental animal bioassay program does not provide correct answers to human
cancer
Campbell, T. C. A decision tree approach to the regulation of food chemicals associated with
irreversible toxicities. Regulatory Tox. Pharm. (1981).
A regulatory procedure costing <1% and testing thousands more environmental
chemicals
Campbell, T. C. Chemical carcinogens and human risk assessment. Fed. Proc. 39, 2467-2484 (1980)
Experimental animal bioassay program does not provide correct answers to human cancer
Campbell, T. C. A decision tree approach to the regulation of food chemicals associated with
irreversible toxicities. Regulatory Tox. Pharm. (1981).
A regulatory procedure costing <1% and testing thousands more environmental
chemicals
This animal bioassay program still exists, now expanding (?) to effects on pregnancy
Assuming that environmental carcinogens cause human cancer (virtually no evidence)
• deflects attention away from nutrition basis for cancer in favor of genetic basis for cancer
How does casein work?
1970s-1990s
What Mechanism Explains High Protein Diet On Cancer?
INITIATION (Mutation Phase)
TC Campbell
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PROMOTION (Cell Expansion Phase)
What Mechanism Explains High Protein Feeding On Cancer?
INITIATION (Mutation Phase)
Increases cell entry of carcinogen, increases MFO synthesis and alters MFO structure, increases binding of
C+DNA (mutation), DNA repair
TC Campbell
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PROMOTION (Cell Expansion Phase)
What Mechanism Explains High Protein Feeding On Cancer?
INITIATION (Mutation Phase)
Increases cell entry of carcinogen, increases MFO synthesis and alters MFO structure, increases binding of
C+DNA (mutation), DNA repair
TC Campbell
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PROMOTION (Cell Expansion Phase)
Lowers NK cell activity, increases cell replication, increases oxygen radicals, IGF-2, alters calorie use
What Mechanism Explains High Protein Feeding On Cancer?
INITIATION (Mutation Phase)
Increases cell entry of carcinogen, increases MFO synthesis and alters MFO structure, increases binding of
C+DNA (mutation), DNA repair
TC Campbell
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PROMOTION (Cell Expansion Phase)
Lowers NK cell activity, increases cell replication, increases oxygen radicals, IGF-2, alters calorie use
Reversibility!
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C(Damaged
Gene)
MFO Enzyme C-DNA
DNAGENE
INITIATION (Seeding)
Repair (Normal)
* * * * *
EARLY CANCER
DIAGNOSED CANCER
PROMOTION (Growth)
NK Cell (Normal)
****
*
* PROTEIN EFECTS
Skim Milk and Prostate Cancer
MS vs. Parkinson’s Disease
Lux, W.E. Kurtzke J.F. Neurol. 37, 467-471, 1987
Brain lesions (red areas) in elderly humans, associated with higher consumption of vitamin D and calcium
Science News Online. Week of June16,2007; Vol. 171, No. 24. Nutrients linked to brain lesions Janet Raloff reporting. ME Payne (Duke Univ Med Ctr)
Cow’s Milk vs. Multiple Sclerosis
R=0.82
MILK CONSUMPTION, g/day
BREA
ST C
ANCE
R, p
er 1
00K
Ganmaa and Sato, 2005
Same with Uterine Cancer
Animal Protein + Ca = Cow’s Milk?
Hip
Fra
ctur
es, 1
00,0
00-1
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Atherosclerosis, Cholesterol and Animal Protein (Clarkson S Newburgh MD, 1926)
“…this elevation of blood cholesterol in the diet..[is]..directly referable to the excess of
protein in the diet and not to its cholesterol content.”
40T Colin Campbell, Cornell
Casein or Soy Protein Effects on Atherosclerosis (Rabbits)
Diet (# Animals) Sclerotic Severity
Casein (26) 2.08
Soy (22) 0.41 Meeker & Kesten, 1940-1941 (in Gibney and Kritchevsky, 1983)
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Dietary Protein Correlates of Plasma Cholesterol (males)
Total
‘LDL’
Apo B
+ 0.39**
+ 0.40***
+ 0.20
- 0.34**
- 0.35**
- 0.29*
Cholesterol Animal Protein Plant Protein
* p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001 † Female correlates, same direction, less magnitude
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Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet Prevents, Suspends and/or Cures All
(Peer-reviewed research findings)
Cancers
Cardiovascular Diseases
Multiple Sclerosis
Kidney Stones
Osteoporosis
Diabetes (I and II)
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Obesity
Erectile Dysfunction*
Macular Degeneration
Hypertension
Acne
Migraine
Lupus
Depression
Alzheimer’s Disease
Cognitive Dysfunction
Pain**Mostly anecdotal
Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet Prevents, Suspends and/or Cures All
(Peer-reviewed research findings)
Cancers
Cardiovascular Diseases
Multiple Sclerosis
Kidney Stones
Osteoporosis
Diabetes (I and II)
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Obesity
Erectile Dysfunction*
Macular Degeneration
Hypertension
Acne
Migraine
Lupus
Depression
Alzheimer’s Disease
Cognitive Dysfunction
Pain*
WFPB nutritional effect is broad
*Mostly anecdotal
Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet Prevents, Suspends and/or Cures All
(Peer-reviewed research findings)
Cancers
Cardiovascular Diseases
Multiple Sclerosis
Kidney Stones
Osteoporosis
Diabetes (I and II)
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Obesity
Erectile Dysfunction*
Macular Degeneration
Hypertension
Acne
Migraine
Lupus
Depression
Alzheimer’s Disease
Cognitive Dysfunction
Pain*
WFPB nutritional effect is broad
*Mostly anecdotal
and rapid
Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet Prevents, Suspends and/or Cures All
(Peer-reviewed research findings)
Cancers
Cardiovascular Diseases
Multiple Sclerosis
Kidney Stones
Osteoporosis
Diabetes (I and II)
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Obesity
Erectile Dysfunction*
Macular Degeneration
Hypertension
Acne
Migraine
Lupus
Depression
Alzheimer’s Disease
Cognitive Dysfunction
Pain*
WFPB nutritional effect is broad
*Mostly anecdotal
and rapid
if dietary change is sustained
Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet Prevents, Suspends and/or Cures All
(Peer-reviewed research findings)
Cancers
Cardiovascular Diseases
Multiple Sclerosis
Kidney Stones
Osteoporosis
Diabetes (I and II)
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Obesity
Erectile Dysfunction*
Macular Degeneration
Hypertension
Acne
Migraine
Lupus
Depression
Alzheimer’s Disease
Cognitive Dysfunction
Pain*
WFPB nutritional effect is broad
*Mostly anecdotal
and rapid
if dietary change is sustained
WFPB treats illness and disease—with no side effects
ß-Carotene, An Unexpected Finding (NEJM, 330:1029, 1994)
29,000 male smokers (5-8 yrs follow-up)
Food ß-carotene decreases lung cancer: -19%*
Supplement ß-carotene increases lung cancer: +18%*
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Finis
A Cell
Each cell, not visible, can easily sit on a pin
head
10-100 trillion cells in our body!
Each cell, not visible, is a micro-universe
And cells can communicate with each
other
5031
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
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5131
Thank You
Can one reaction tell all, without side effects?
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5231
Thank You
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NUTRITION PROTOCOL
Multiple reactions, no side effects? Known for 200+
years.
Can one reaction work, multiple side effects?
DRUG PROTOCOL
Average cost of developing a new cytotoxic chemotherapy agent
$1.3-1.8 billion (2014)
Present ‘System’
For 22 different cancer types, increase in 5-year survival of 2.1%
What Mechanism Explains High Protein Feeding On Cancer?
INITIATION (Mutation Phase)Increases cell entry of carcinogen, increases MFO synthesis and alters MFO
structure, increases binding of C+DNA (mutation), DNA repair
TC Campbell
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PROMOTION (Cell Expansion Phase)Lowers NK cell activity, increases cell replication, increases oxygen radicals, IGF-2, alters
calorie use
What Mechanism Explains High Protein Feeding On Cancer?
INITIATION (Mutation Phase)Increases cell entry of carcinogen, increases MFO synthesis and alters MFO
structure, increases binding of C+DNA (mutation), DNA repair
TC Campbell
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PROMOTION (Cell Expansion Phase)Lowers NK cell activity, increases cell replication, increases oxygen radicals, IGF-2, alters
calorie use
Precision Medicine Initiative core activity ($4.8
billion)
What Mechanism Explains High Protein Feeding On Cancer?
INITIATION (Mutation Phase)Increases cell entry of carcinogen, increases MFO synthesis and alters MFO
structure, increases binding of C+DNA (mutation), DNA repair
TC Campbell
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PROMOTION (Cell Expansion Phase)Lowers NK cell activity, increases cell replication, increases oxygen radicals, IGF-2, alters
calorie use
Precision Medicine Initiative core activity ($4.8
billion)
Should there be a drug for each of these
mechanisms?
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(W)holistic Nutrition
Multiple nutrients Multiple mechanisms
Multiple disease reversals Multiple health improvements
Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet
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(W)holistic Nutrition
Multiple nutrients Multiple mechanisms
Multiple disease reversals Multiple health improvements
Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet
This is a highly interactive, integrated, wholistic system
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(W)holistic Nutrition
Multiple nutrients Multiple mechanisms
Multiple disease reversals Multiple health improvements
Whole Food, Plant-Based Diet
This is a highly interactive, integrated, wholistic system
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This is a wholistic system where animal protein does not determine diet choice
REDUCTIONISM: Medicine
Specific causes (chemical carcinogens, specific genes)
Specific ‘biomarkers’ (blood cholesterol, blood sugar)
Specific diseases—unique ICD codes
Encourages discovery and use of specific drugs, i.e., foreign chemicals used out of
context, with lots of side effects
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One disease, one cause, one ‘mechanism’, one drug treatment (foreign chemical, side
effects)
Reductionist Medicine
This is why wholistic nutrition is not taught in reductionist medical schools, is not a
medical specialty and there is no dedicated Institute of Nutrition at NIH
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Recently published, peer-reviewed papers (2017), all open access
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Campbell, T. C. The past, present, and future of nutrition and cancer: Part 1-Was a nutritional association acknowledged a century ago? Nutrition and Cancer 69, 811-817(2017)
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Campbell, T. C. The past, present, and future of nutrition and cancer: Part 1-Was a nutritional association acknowledged a century ago? Nutrition and Cancer 69, 811-817(2017)
Campbell, T. C. Nutrition and cancer: an historical perspective--the past, present, and future of nutrition and cancer. Part 2. Misunderstanding and ignoring nutrition. Nutritional Cancer, 1-7 (2017)
65
Campbell, T. C. The past, present, and future of nutrition and cancer: Part 1-Was a nutritional association acknowledged a century ago? Nutrition and Cancer 69, 811-817(2017)
Campbell, T. C. Nutrition and cancer: an historical perspective--the past, present, and future of nutrition and cancer. Part 2. Misunderstanding and ignoring nutrition. Nutritional Cancer, 1-7 (2017)
Campbell, T. C. A plant based diet and animal protein: questioning dietary fat and considering animal protein as the main cause of heart disease. J. Geriatric Cardiol. 14, 331-337 (2017)
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Campbell, T. C. Nutrition renaissance and public health policy. Journ. Nutr. Biology In press (2017)
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Campbell, T. C. Nutrition renaissance and public health policy. Journ. Nutr. Biology In press (2017)
Campbell, T. C. Cancer prevention and treatment by wholistic nutrition. J. Nat. Sciences Oct 3(10), all: e448 (2017).
Why are you doing this to me? You’re not my calf!
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Karen L. Campbell
Madame
Call 1-800-eCornell or email [email protected]
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