The Crusades The Crusades

I. BackgroundI. BackgroundA.A. The The Seljuk TurksSeljuk Turks (Muslims) took control of (Muslims) took control of

the Holy Land (Jerusalem) .the Holy Land (Jerusalem) .

B.B. In 1095, In 1095, Pope Urban Pope Urban IIII organized organized a crusade (a a crusade (a holy war to holy war to recapture recapture Jerusalem). Jerusalem).

REMEMBER?REMEMBER?

The The Holy Land Holy Land is is considered holy considered holy to Jews, to Jews, Christians and Christians and Muslims.Muslims.

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C. There were C. There were SEVEN SEVEN Crusades Crusades fought over 200 fought over 200 years. years.

D. European kings D. European kings united for the united for the church instead of church instead of fighting each fighting each other.other.

II. Causes of the CrusadesII. Causes of the Crusades1. Pope Urban II 1. Pope Urban II

believed this believed this would increase would increase his power.his power.

2. Christians 2. Christians believed they believed they would go to would go to heaven.heaven.

3. Nobles wanted 3. Nobles wanted wealth, land wealth, land and adventure!and adventure!

4. Serfs hoped to 4. Serfs hoped to escape feudal escape feudal oppression oppression (hardship).(hardship).

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In the In the First CrusadeFirst Crusade, Christians captured Jerusalem , Christians captured Jerusalem in 1099, massacring Muslim inhabitants.in 1099, massacring Muslim inhabitants.

The fighting goes on and on …The fighting goes on and on …

Muslims leaders tried to regain these kingdoms, Muslims leaders tried to regain these kingdoms, which resulted in which resulted in THREETHREE more Crusades over the more Crusades over the next 200 years!next 200 years!

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And on …And on …

III. During the CrusadesIII. During the Crusades

A. SaladinA. Saladin – the – the Muslim General Muslim General

During the During the Second Second CrusadeCrusade in the 1100s, in the 1100s, Saladin retook Saladin retook Jerusalem.Jerusalem.

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He forbade his He forbade his soldiers to kill, soldiers to kill, harm, or steal harm, or steal from the from the Crusaders, who Crusaders, who had surrendered had surrendered to him.to him.

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B. Richard the B. Richard the Lion-HeartedLion-Hearted – famous King – famous King of England.of England.

Though he vowed to Though he vowed to retake Jerusalem retake Jerusalem in the in the Third Third Crusade (1189-Crusade (1189-1192)1192), it never , it never happened.happened.

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During the Third During the Third Crusade, Saladin Crusade, Saladin learned that learned that Richard’s horse Richard’s horse was killed. was killed.

He sent him He sent him another horse, another horse, declaring that so declaring that so gallant a warrior gallant a warrior should not have to should not have to fight on foot!fight on foot!

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Another account tells Another account tells that Richard fell ill that Richard fell ill and wanted fruit and and wanted fruit and drink.drink.

Saladin sent him Saladin sent him pears, peaches, and pears, peaches, and his personal doctor!his personal doctor!

Saladin repeatedly Saladin repeatedly remarked that if he remarked that if he must lose Jerusalem, must lose Jerusalem, he’d rather lose it to he’d rather lose it to Richard than to any Richard than to any other man alive.other man alive.

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C. These two leaders greatly respected one C. These two leaders greatly respected one another.another.

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The The Fourth CrusadeFourth Crusade was supposed to regain was supposed to regain Jerusalem, but the crusading knights ended up Jerusalem, but the crusading knights ended up looting Constantinople.looting Constantinople.

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Muslims overran the crusader states by 1291. This time, the Muslims overran the crusader states by 1291. This time, the Muslims massacred the Christian inhabitants after their Muslims massacred the Christian inhabitants after their victory.victory.

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IV. Impact/ Effects/ Results/ IV. Impact/ Effects/ Results/ Outcomes of the CrusadesOutcomes of the Crusades

1. A legacy of 1. A legacy of religious hatred & religious hatred & intoleranceintolerance

between between Christians, Christians, Muslims and Muslims and Jews. Jews.

2. Education Increased in Europe2. Education Increased in Europe• Europeans gained a Europeans gained a

wider view of the wider view of the world. world.

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•Europeans were exposed to Europeans were exposed to Muslim math, science, Muslim math, science, literature and art. literature and art.

•Rediscovery of Greek and Rediscovery of Greek and Roman writings (Muslims Roman writings (Muslims preserved them too!)preserved them too!)

3. Increased trade3. Increased trade As demand for good grew, Italian city As demand for good grew, Italian city

states (Venice & Florence) grewstates (Venice & Florence) grew

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spices, sugar, lemons, spices, sugar, lemons, rugs, coffee, perfumes, silk, cotton, raisins and glass.

4. A money economy grew4. A money economy grew Peasants paid rent in $$, not laborPeasants paid rent in $$, not labor Taxes financed CrusadesTaxes financed Crusades

5. Increased power of 5. Increased power of European kingsEuropean kingsKings won the right Kings won the right

to tax people.to tax people.The power of the The power of the

feudal nobility feudal nobility declined.declined.