THE COUNSELING PROCESS

Guidance is inseparable from counseling, just as we associate pencil with paper, rice with fish, bread with butter, or St. Peter with St. Paul.

THE NATURE OF COUNSELING

Counseling involves to individuals, one seeking help and other a professional trained person helped solved problems to orient and direct him to words a goals

- Willey and Andrew -

The core, the most intimate and vital part of the entire guidance program. Counseling may be defined by telling first what it is not. It is not lecturing, which is one- sided; counseling is much more than talking to a pupil. Neither is it merely giving advice, although advice may be given.

- Jones -

Counseling as an interview or conference between a pupil and a member of the school staff with whom guidance relationship, for the purpose of considering some of his problems and a desirable course of action.

- Clarence Dunsmoor -

Counseling as an “attempt to aid the individual by assisting him to a reorganization of attitudes, feelings, and emotions, such that he can make optional use of his abilities and physical endowments.

- Arthur Coomds -

Counseling as “a means of helping people to learn how to solve their own problems”.

- Williamson -

Counseling is a definitely structured relationship which allows the client to gain an understanding of himself to a degree which enable him to take positive steps in the light of his new orientation.

- Carl Rogers-

Believes that counseling is an activity in which all facts are gathered and focused on the particular problem of the counselee, who is then given direct and personal help.

-Jones-

Counseling involves a personal relationship between two individuals, one of whom is older, more experienced, and wiser than the other; and, together, approach a problem of the younger, less experienced and less wise, with mutual respect and consideration for each other in order that the problem can be more clear, and the one who has the problem can be helped towards its solution.

- Wren -

Counseling involves techniques involve active listening, emphatic understanding releasing the pent up feelings confronting the clients and so on.

Counseling therefore is offered to only those individuals who are under serious problems and need professional help to overcome it.

Purposes of Counseling

According to Dunsmoor and Miller, there are other subsidiary aims or purposes of counseling as follows:

1. To give the pupil information on matters important to his success.

2. To get information about the pupil which will be of help to him in solving his problems.

3. To establish a feeling of mutual understanding between pupil and teacher.

4. To help the pupil work out a plan for solving his difficulties.

5. To help the pupil know himself better, his interests, abilities, aptitudes and available opportunities.

6. To encourage special talents and develop rights attitude.

7. To inspire successful endeavor towards the attainment or realization of objectives.

8. To assist the pupil in planning for his educational and vocational choices – formulating plans for vocation, making surveys of employment opportunities administering vocational or aptitude test, gathering cumulative occupational information, following-up pupils for placement and sponsoring convocations, program and career-day seminars.

STAGES OF COUNSELING

•Exploratory Stage

•Interpretative Stage

•Adjustment Stage

TYPES OF COUNSELING

DIRECTIVE (CLINICAL COUNSELING)

Allows the counselor to give the counselee information about himself, his opportunities, his problems.

Guides discussion by testing the pupils, interpreting the test results and using them with school records and other records.

CLINICAL ANALYSIS

DIAGNOSIS

PROGNOSIS

COUNSELING

FOLLOW-UP

NON-DIRECTIVE COUNSELING

Places the responsibility on the client for exploring his own problem, with emphasis on the individual and not on the problem, and on his potentialities.

The following order in nondirective counseling is given by Warters

A . The client asks for help and gives his reason.

B. The situation is defined in the counselor defines the limits of his responsibilities, encouraging the counselee to tell all.

C. The counselor displays a friendly, interested and receptive attitude. He neither agrees nor disagrees but because he puts himself in the place of the client, the client feels free to talk, to confide, to tell all.

D. A negative attitude gradually gives way to a positive one. The period of release is followed by insight.

E. Insight is converted into action.

F. Relationship with counselors ends.

ECLECTIC COUNSELING

The combination of all types directive and non-directive.

Thorne’s eclectic process of counseling includes five steps:

1. Diagnosis of the cause or causes of maladjustment.

2. Planning the modification of the cause or causes.

3. Securing conditions conducive to learning.

4. Stimulating the client by implied motivation to develop his own resources.

5. Proper handling of any problems subsequent to adjustment.